Photovoltaic module sun-tracking method, control system and power generation system

Abstract

A photovoltaic module sun-tracking method, a control system and a power generation system. The method comprises: acquiring solar radiation data corresponding to dates; and for any date, controlling a photovoltaic module on the basis of the solar radiation data corresponding to the date: before the sunrise time of the day, controlling the azimuth angle and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module to an initial azimuth angle and an initial tilt angle of the day respectively; starting from the sunrise time of the day, changing the azimuth angle and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module according to a preset rule, so that at the sunset time of the day, the azimuth angle and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module are a final azimuth angle and a final tilt angle of the day respectively; and after the sunset time of the day, changing the pose of the photovoltaic module to a preset pose.

Description

Photovoltaic module sun tracking method, control system and power generation system Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic component sun tracking method, a control system and a power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Solar energy is an inexhaustible renewable energy source for mankind. It has the advantages of being clean, safe, long-lived, abundant and economical. It plays an important role in long-term energy strategies and has become a new energy source that countries around the world are actively paying attention to and vigorously developing.

[0003] However, it's well known that solar energy suffers from low density, intermittent distribution, and time-varying variations in illumination direction and intensity, placing higher demands on its collection and utilization. The sun's position and tilt relative to the solar panels of a photovoltaic power plant change in real time, both seasonally and daily. Even between two consecutive days, the relative position of the sun and the photovoltaic modules can shift slightly, resulting in varying illumination duration and angle. Only when the illuminated surface of a solar panel receives sunlight vertically can it maximize its solar energy absorption and achieve maximum power generation in real time.

[0004] Therefore, the solar tracking system is particularly important.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention mainly solves the technical problem of photovoltaic modules tracking the sun during solar power generation, so that the photovoltaic modules and sunlight are dynamically maintained perpendicular to each other, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules.

[0007] According to a first aspect, an embodiment provides a photovoltaic assembly sun tracking method for controlling the posture of the photovoltaic assembly, comprising:

[0008] Get the sunshine data for the day corresponding to the date;

[0009] For any date, the photovoltaic components are controlled according to the sunshine data corresponding to the date:

[0010] Before sunrise on the same day, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are controlled to be the initial azimuth angle and the initial pitch angle of the same day respectively;

[0011] Starting from the sunrise time of the day, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are changed according to a preset rule until the sunset time of the day, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are the end azimuth angle and the end pitch angle of the day respectively;

[0012] After sunset on the same day, the posture of the photovoltaic assembly is changed to a preset posture.

[0013] Preferably, the obtaining of sunshine data corresponding to a date includes:

[0014] Obtaining installation geographical location information of the photovoltaic module;

[0015] According to the installation geographic location information, the sunrise time, sunset time, noon pitch angle, initial azimuth, initial pitch angle, ending azimuth and ending pitch angle of each date of the installation geographic location are obtained, so as to obtain the daily sunshine data of each date.

[0016] Preferably, the changing the azimuth and pitch angles of the photovoltaic assembly according to a preset rule includes:

[0017] Acquiring angular velocity data for the day, the angular velocity data for the day including azimuth angular velocity data for the day and pitch angular velocity data for the day;

[0018] Changing the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module according to the azimuth angular velocity data of the day;

[0019] The pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly is changed according to the pitch angle angular velocity data of the day.

[0020] Preferably, the obtaining of the angular velocity data of the day includes:

[0021] Provide a fixed quantity as the angular velocity data for the day; or

[0022] Provide the change as the angular velocity data for the day;

[0023] in:

[0024] When the azimuth angular velocity data for the day is a fixed value, obtain the azimuth change angular velocity for the day as the azimuth angular velocity data for the day:

[0025] Using the first set value as the angular velocity of the azimuth angle change on that day; or

[0026] The angular velocity of the azimuth change on the day is calculated using the following formula:

[0027] When the pitch angle angular velocity data of the day is a fixed value, the pitch angle change angular velocity of the day is obtained as the pitch angle angular velocity data of the day:

[0028] Using the second set value as the angular velocity of the pitch angle change on that day; or

[0029] The angular velocity of the pitch angle change on the day is calculated using the following formula:

[0030] Among them, ω γ is the angular velocity of the azimuth change on the day, ω β is the angular velocity of the pitch angle change on the day, γ1 is the initial azimuth angle on the day, γ2 is the final azimuth angle on the day, β M is the pitch angle at noon of the day, β1 is the initial pitch angle of the day, β2 is the final pitch angle of the day, T1 is the sunrise time of the day, and T2 is the sunset time of the day;

[0031] When the azimuth angular velocity data of the day is a variation, obtaining the variation law of the azimuth of the day as the azimuth angular velocity data of the day;

[0032] When the pitch angle angular velocity data of the day is a variation, obtaining a variation law of the pitch angle of the day as the pitch angle angular velocity data of the day;

[0033] The daily azimuth angle variation rule and the daily pitch angle variation rule are angular velocity values ​​that change according to the first rule and the second rule, respectively.

[0034] Preferably, the controlling of the photovoltaic assembly further comprises:

[0035] Real-time monitoring of light intensity data of the photovoltaic module;

[0036] When the light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly is lower than a first preset threshold, stopping the posture change of the photovoltaic assembly and stopping monitoring;

[0037] At intervals of a first time period and between sunrise and sunset on the same day, the light intensity of the photovoltaic assembly is monitored to obtain current light intensity data:

[0038] When the current light intensity data is not lower than a first preset threshold, calculating the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, and after changing the current posture to the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, continuing to change the azimuth and pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly from the current azimuth and the current pitch angle according to a preset rule;

[0039] When the current light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly is kept stopped.

[0040] Preferably, controlling the photovoltaic assembly further includes:

[0041] Acquiring initial position data of the photovoltaic assembly at a preset initial posture;

[0042] At intervals of a second time period, obtaining current position data of the photovoltaic assembly after the photovoltaic assembly has restored a preset initial posture;

[0043] Based on the current position data and the initial position data, the preset initial posture of the photovoltaic assembly is calibrated.

[0044] According to the second aspect, an embodiment provides a photovoltaic assembly sun tracking control system for controlling the posture of the photovoltaic assembly, including:

[0045] an azimuth angle control motor, configured to change the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic assembly based on a first drive signal;

[0046] a pitch angle control motor, configured to change the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly based on a second drive signal;

[0047] a controller electrically connected to the azimuth angle control motor and the pitch angle control motor, and configured to send a first drive signal and / or a second drive signal to the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor to change the azimuth angle and / or the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly;

[0048] Wherein, for any date, the controller controls the photovoltaic assembly through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor according to the acquired sunshine data corresponding to the date, and the control includes:

[0049] Before sunrise on the same day, the controller controls the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module to the initial azimuth angle of the day through the azimuth angle control motor, and controls the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module to the initial pitch angle of the day through the pitch angle control motor;

[0050] From sunrise to sunset on the same day, the controller changes the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module by the azimuth angle control motor until the end azimuth angle of the day, and changes the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module by the pitch angle control motor until the end pitch angle of the day according to a preset rule;

[0051] After sunset on the same day, the controller changes the posture of the photovoltaic assembly to a preset posture through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor.

[0052] Preferably, the control system further comprises:

[0053] a photosensitive element, electrically connected to the controller, and configured to monitor light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly;

[0054] When the photovoltaic assembly is working, the photosensitive element monitors the light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly in real time. If the light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly stops working and the photosensitive element stops real-time monitoring.

[0055] Between sunrise and sunset on the same day, and when the photovoltaic assembly stops working, the photosensitive element monitors the light intensity of the photovoltaic assembly at intervals of a first time period to obtain current light intensity data:

[0056] If the current light intensity data is not lower than a first preset threshold, the controller calculates the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, and after changing the current posture to the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, continues to change the azimuth and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly starting from the current azimuth and the current pitch angle according to a preset rule;

[0057] If the current light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the controller keeps the photovoltaic assembly stopped.

[0058] Preferably, the control system further comprises:

[0059] a limit sensing element electrically connected to the controller, and configured to enable the controller to obtain initial position data of the photovoltaic assembly at a preset initial posture through the limit sensing element;

[0060] The photovoltaic module is calibrated at intervals of a second time period:

[0061] The controller changes the azimuth and / or pitch angle of the photovoltaic module through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor, and obtains the current position data in real time through the limit sensing element; when the current position data is the same as the initial position data, the calibration is completed.

[0062] According to a third aspect, an embodiment provides a solar power generation system comprising at least one photovoltaic module and the aforementioned sun tracking control system;

[0063] The photovoltaic module is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy;

[0064] The sun tracking control system is used to control the position of at least one photovoltaic component so that at least one photovoltaic component is dynamically maintained perpendicular to the sunlight.

[0065] According to the photovoltaic module sun tracking method of the above embodiment, the movement trajectory of the photovoltaic module on the date corresponding to the daily sunshine data is obtained by pre-inputting the daily sunshine data, so that the photovoltaic module can be dynamically maintained perpendicular to the sunlight during the power generation process, so as to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and the built-in GPS is not used, thereby avoiding the failure of GPS to track the sun normally due to war or other interference factors; and because GPS is not used, only the daily sunshine data corresponding to the date is stored in the local database, and the daily photovoltaic module posture control parameters are calculated, the cost is low, and the power consumption during automatic operation is also reduced to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] FIG1 is a flow chart (I) of a photovoltaic module sun tracking method provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG2 is a flow chart (II) of a photovoltaic module sun tracking method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG3 is a flow chart (III) of a photovoltaic module sun tracking method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG4 is a principle block diagram of a photovoltaic module sun tracking control system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG5 is a principle block diagram of a photovoltaic module sun-tracking power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] The present invention will be further described in detail below by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are numbered with associated similar elements. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are provided to enable the present application to be better understood. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that some of the features may be omitted in different circumstances, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid the core portion of the present application being overwhelmed by excessive descriptions, and for those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail. They will fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0072] In addition, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any appropriate manner to form various embodiments. Furthermore, the steps or actions in the method description may be reordered or adjusted in a manner readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are provided solely for the purpose of clearly describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to be mandatory, unless otherwise specified.

[0073] The serial numbers assigned to components herein, such as "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish the objects being described and do not convey any sequential or technical meaning. References to "connection" and "coupling" herein, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (couplings).

[0074] In an embodiment of the present invention, daily sunshine data corresponding to each date is obtained in advance, and the sunrise time, sunset time, noon pitch angle, initial azimuth, initial pitch angle, final azimuth and final pitch angle of each date are determined based on the daily sunshine data of each date. Moreover, between the sunrise time and the sunset time of the day, the azimuth and pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are changed according to a preset rule, so that the azimuth and pitch angle of the photovoltaic module start from the initial azimuth and initial pitch angle of the day and end at the final azimuth and final pitch angle of the day, respectively.

[0075] Example 1:

[0076] Referring to FIG1 , in order to solve the technical problem of photovoltaic modules tracking the sun during solar power generation, so as to dynamically maintain the photovoltaic modules perpendicular to the sunlight and improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module tracking method for controlling the position of the photovoltaic modules, including the following steps:

[0077] Step S101: Obtain sunshine data corresponding to a date.

[0078] In this embodiment, obtaining the daily sunshine data corresponding to the date includes: obtaining the installation geographical location information of the photovoltaic module; obtaining the sunrise time, sunset time, noon pitch angle, initial azimuth, initial pitch angle, ending azimuth and ending pitch angle of each date of the installation geographical location based on the installation geographical location information, thereby obtaining the daily sunshine data for each date.

[0079] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, a local database is constructed to store the changing data of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle for each day in the future calendar. When the method is implemented, the data in the database can be automatically called and automatically operated to ensure that the solar power generation device collects solar energy to the maximum extent.

[0080] Step S102: for any date, the photovoltaic components are controlled according to the sunshine data corresponding to the date.

[0081] Step S103: Before sunrise on the day, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are controlled to be the initial azimuth angle and the initial pitch angle of the day, respectively.

[0082] Step S104: starting from the sunrise time of the day, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are changed according to a preset rule until the sunset time of the day, when the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are the end azimuth angle and the end pitch angle of the day respectively.

[0083] In this embodiment, changing the azimuth and pitch angles of the photovoltaic module according to a preset pattern includes: obtaining angular velocity data for the day, the angular velocity data for the day including azimuth angular velocity data for the day and pitch angular velocity data for the day; changing the azimuth of the photovoltaic module according to the azimuth angular velocity data for the day; and changing the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module according to the pitch angular velocity data for the day. The azimuth angular velocity data for the day is the azimuth angular velocity of the day or the pattern of azimuth variation for the day, and the pitch angular velocity data for the day is the pitch angular velocity of the day or the pattern of pitch variation for the day.

[0084] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the angular velocity of the azimuth change on the day is calculated by the following formula:

[0085] The angular velocity of the pitch angle change on the day is calculated using the following formula:

[0086] Among them, ω γ is the angular velocity of the azimuth change on the day, ω β is the angular velocity of the pitch angle change on the day, γ1 is the initial azimuth angle on the day, γ2 is the final azimuth angle on the day, β M is the pitch angle at noon of the day, β1 is the initial pitch angle of the day, β2 is the final pitch angle of the day, T1 is the sunrise time of the day, and T2 is the sunset time of the day.

[0087] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the angular velocity of the azimuth angle change on that day is set to a fixed value, namely the first set value; wherein the first set value can be a fixed value or a value that changes every day or at regular intervals.

[0088] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the angular velocity of the pitch angle change on that day is set to a fixed value, namely the second set value; wherein the second set value can be a fixed value or a value that changes every day or at regular intervals.

[0089] For any date, the values ​​or changed values ​​of the first set value and the second set value for the operation on that day are input into the local database at least before the photovoltaic assembly starts working on that day.

[0090] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, when the azimuth angular velocity data for the day is a variable, the azimuth variation law for the day is obtained as the azimuth angular velocity data for the day; when the pitch angular velocity data for the day is a variable, the pitch variation law for the day is obtained as the pitch angular velocity data for the day; wherein the azimuth variation law for the day and the pitch variation law for the day are angular velocity values ​​that change according to the first law and the second law, respectively. For example:

[0091] When the azimuth angle change rule of the day is the angular velocity value changing according to the first rule, the time of the day is used as the horizontal coordinate and the real-time angular velocity value is used as the vertical coordinate. The trajectory of the real-time angular velocity value can be a parabola, a straight line with a broken angle, a broken line with an increasing or decreasing gradient, a waveform curve, etc.

[0092] When the pitch angle change rule on the day is the angular velocity value that changes according to the second rule, the time of the day is used as the horizontal coordinate and the real-time angular velocity value is used as the vertical coordinate. The trajectory of the real-time angular velocity value can be a parabola, a straight line with a broken angle, a broken line with an increasing or decreasing gradient, a waveform curve, etc.

[0093] Step S105: After sunset on the same day, the posture of the photovoltaic module is changed to a preset posture.

[0094] Wherein, during the posture change of the photovoltaic assembly, the maximum pitch angle on the date is the pitch angle at noon on the day.

[0095] In this embodiment, the preset posture may be an initial posture when the photovoltaic assembly is put into operation after installation and commissioning, or may be any fixed posture during the daily operation of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0096] In this embodiment, when installing a photovoltaic module, the module's position is first adjusted to a predetermined initial position: its azimuth coincides with the south axis and its pitch is 90° (perpendicular to the ground) as the origin. Daily sunshine data corresponding to the date is then entered into a local database via external memory. After manually entering the local date and time parameters for confirmation, the system automatically calculates and queries the database based on the entered date and time parameters to determine the appropriate azimuth and pitch angles for the photovoltaic module, and adjusts the photovoltaic module to the corresponding azimuth and pitch angles. The system then rotates the azimuth and pitch angles according to a predetermined pattern, using the daily sunshine data in the database to determine the angular velocity at which the azimuth and pitch angles are rotated. Each rotation of the predetermined angle is repeated every time it takes to rotate the module, ensuring that the photovoltaic module is constantly aligned with the sun's rays, thereby improving its conversion efficiency. This cycle continues until a predetermined time or angle has elapsed, at which point the system stops operating. After a predetermined interval, the system returns to the origin or the starting point of the next cycle, entering standby mode to conserve system power and await the next cycle.

[0097] For example, consider a location (longitude: 114°6'50", latitude: 22°39'54"), date: September 26, 2023, and the preset position: the PV panel is aligned 180° to the south direction and 90° perpendicular to the ground.

[0098] The azimuth determination process is as follows:

[0099] At 9:00 AM, the PV module's orientation angle is 135°. Since the latitude is 22°39'54", when latitude is greater than 0, the sun tracker should rotate clockwise over time, from east to west in the Northern Hemisphere. Conversely, when latitude is less than 0, the sun tracker should rotate counterclockwise over time, from east to west in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the PV module installation time does not exceed 12:00 AM, the PV module should rotate eastward from the preset position by 180-135=45°.

[0100] At 6 a.m., the azimuth of the photovoltaic module relative to the south direction is 90°. By querying the database, it can be seen that the azimuth of 6 a.m. is 90°. At this time, the photovoltaic module should rotate 180°-90°=90° to the east. If the azimuth starts at 90° at 6 a.m. and the sun tracker rotates from east to west, it will be 180° at noon (1° every 4 minutes); the azimuth at 6 p.m. is 270°.

[0101] After a preset time interval, the photovoltaic module will pass through the preset initial position and return to the 90° azimuth position at six o'clock, stop running and enter sleep mode, and start the sun tracking function again at six o'clock the next morning.

[0102] The pitch angle determination process is as follows:

[0103] Through the database, it is found that on September 26, the solar altitude angle at noon is 57°, that is, the maximum pitch angle is 147°, and it rotates 1° every 6.32 minutes. Since the pitch angle at the preset position is 90°, it is 147° at noon, and the pitch angle at nine o'clock in the morning is: 147°-(12-9)*60° / 6.32=118°, that is, the pitch angle is 118°. From the pitch angle of 90° at six o'clock in the morning to the pitch angle of 118° at nine o'clock in the morning, it should be rotated 28°, that is, the pitch angle at nine o'clock in the morning is 118°; the pitch angle at six o'clock in the morning is: 147°-(12-6)*60° / 6.32≈90°. At this time, it should be rotated 57° from the preset position, that is, the pitch angle at six o'clock in the morning is 90°.

[0104] The pitch angle change process on September 26 was as follows: maintaining the rotation angular speed of 1° every 6.32 minutes, starting from 6:00 in the morning with a pitch angle of 90°, at which time the pitch angle gradually increased, and at 12:00 noon the pitch angle reached the maximum value of 147° for the day; after 12:00, the pitch angle gradually decreased, and at 18:00 the pitch angle was 90°.

[0105] Among them, the altitude angle corresponds to the pitch angle, and the pitch angle is 90° greater than the altitude angle.

[0106] In this embodiment, dynamic vertical maintenance means that due to the relative motion between a certain point on the ground and the sun, the angle of the photovoltaic module is changed with the position of the sun so that the photovoltaic module and the sunlight are maintained in a perpendicular state, thereby forming a dynamic vertical maintenance state; since the sun is in a moving state, in actual operation, the absolute vertical situation does not exist or exists only for a moment, because dynamic vertical maintenance also includes allowing the photovoltaic module and the sunlight to deviate from the vertical by a slight angle, and a slight angle deviation refers to a deviation of no more than 5°.

[0107] Example 2:

[0108] Please refer to Figure 2. In order to solve the technical problem of photovoltaic modules tracking the sun during solar power generation, so that the photovoltaic modules can be shut down when the sun is blocked, rainy days or other conditions with poor sunlight, and extend the battery life, the photovoltaic modules are controlled through the following steps:

[0109] Step S201: monitor the light intensity data of the photovoltaic module in real time.

[0110] Step S202: When the light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly is lower than a first preset threshold, the posture change of the photovoltaic assembly is stopped, and monitoring is stopped.

[0111] Step S203: Monitor the light intensity of the photovoltaic module once, twice or multiple times at intervals of the first time period and between sunrise and sunset on the same day to obtain current light intensity data.

[0112] Step S204: When the current light intensity data is not lower than the first preset threshold, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle at the current moment are calculated, and after the current posture is changed to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle at the current moment, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are changed from the current posture according to a preset rule.

[0113] Step S205: When the current light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly is stopped.

[0114] In this embodiment, a photosensitive element is used to sense whether the ambient light intensity of the photovoltaic module is lower than a preset light intensity. For example, when the photosensitive element senses that the ambient light intensity is lower than the preset light intensity, it can be determined whether it is a rainy day, the sunlight is blocked, or the sun has set. The photovoltaic module outputs low power or cannot output power. At this time, if the sun tracking system continues to work, it will become a device that consumes power, which is not worth the loss. At this time, it should stop working to reduce energy consumption and extend the system's battery life.

[0115] Example 3:

[0116] Please refer to FIG3 . In order to solve the technical problem of azimuth and pitch angle deviation of photovoltaic modules caused by mechanical deviation due to excessive wind, motor step loss, mechanical transmission error, and cumulative error caused by long-term operation of the system during solar power generation, so as to avoid the photovoltaic modules from being misaligned with the sunlight, thereby reducing the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic modules are controlled through the following steps:

[0117] Step S301: Acquire initial position data of the photovoltaic assembly at a preset initial posture.

[0118] Step S302: acquiring the current position data of the photovoltaic assembly after the photovoltaic assembly has restored to a preset initial position at intervals of a second time period.

[0119] Step S303: calibrating the preset initial posture of the photovoltaic assembly based on the current position data and the initial position data.

[0120] In this embodiment, a position sensor or contact switch is placed at a preset origin position (i.e., a preset initial position). When the photovoltaic module moves to this origin position, its azimuth and pitch angles are reset to initial values. Then, based on the initial azimuth and pitch angle values ​​at the origin and the current time, the azimuth and pitch angle values ​​at the corresponding time point are recalculated according to corresponding parameters in the database, and the motor is driven to reach the corresponding azimuth and pitch angles. This can eliminate operational errors, such as mechanical deviations of the photovoltaic module due to excessive wind, motor step loss, mechanical transmission errors, and accumulated errors caused by long-term operation of the system, which can lead to misalignment of the photovoltaic module with the sunlight. This automatic calibration mode can be preset by the system and can be calibrated once every one week of operation or once after N weeks of operation, where is a positive integer greater than 2.

[0121] Example 4:

[0122] Referring to FIG4 , in order to solve the technical problem of photovoltaic module tracking the sun during solar power generation, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, extending the battery life, and eliminating the influence of deviation, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module tracking control system for controlling the position of the photovoltaic module, including:

[0123] an azimuth angle control motor, configured to change the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic assembly based on a first drive signal;

[0124] a pitch angle control motor, configured to change the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly based on a second drive signal;

[0125] a controller electrically connected to the azimuth angle control motor and the pitch angle control motor, and configured to send a first drive signal and / or a second drive signal to the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor to change the azimuth angle and / or the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly;

[0126] Wherein, for any date, the controller controls the photovoltaic assembly through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor according to the acquired sunshine data corresponding to the date, and the control includes:

[0127] Before sunrise on the same day, the controller controls the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module to the initial azimuth angle of the day through the azimuth angle control motor, and controls the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module to the initial pitch angle of the day through the pitch angle control motor;

[0128] From sunrise to sunset on the same day, the controller changes the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module by the azimuth angle control motor until the end azimuth angle of the day, and changes the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module by the pitch angle control motor until the end pitch angle of the day according to a preset rule;

[0129] After sunset on the same day, the controller changes the posture of the photovoltaic assembly to a preset posture through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor.

[0130] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the control system further includes:

[0131] a photosensitive element, electrically connected to the controller, and configured to monitor light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly;

[0132] When the photovoltaic assembly is working, the photosensitive element monitors the light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly in real time. If the light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly stops working and the photosensitive element stops real-time monitoring.

[0133] Between sunrise and sunset on the same day, and when the photovoltaic assembly stops working, the photosensitive element monitors the light intensity of the photovoltaic assembly once, twice, or multiple times at intervals of a first time period to obtain current light intensity data:

[0134] If the current light intensity data is not lower than a first preset threshold, the controller calculates the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, and changes the current posture of the photovoltaic assembly to the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, and then changes the azimuth and the pitch angle from the current azimuth and the current pitch angle according to a preset rule;

[0135] If the current light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the controller keeps the photovoltaic assembly stopped.

[0136] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the control system further includes:

[0137] a limit sensing element electrically connected to the controller, and configured to enable the controller to obtain initial position data of the photovoltaic assembly at a preset initial posture through the limit sensing element;

[0138] The photovoltaic module is calibrated at intervals of a second time period:

[0139] The controller changes the azimuth and / or pitch angle of the photovoltaic module through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor, and obtains the current position data in real time through the limit sensing element; when the current position data is the same as the initial position data, the calibration is completed.

[0140] Embodiment 5:

[0141] Please refer to Figure 5. In order to solve the technical problem of photovoltaic modules tracking the sun during solar power generation, so as to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules, extend the battery life, and eliminate the influence of deviation, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module tracking power generation system, including at least one photovoltaic module and the above-mentioned tracking control system; the photovoltaic module is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; the tracking control system is used to control the posture of at least one photovoltaic module so that at least one photovoltaic module is dynamically maintained perpendicular to the sunlight.

[0142] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by computer program. When all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer program, the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium can include: read-only memory, random access memory, disk, optical disk, hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to implement the above functions. For example, the program is stored in the memory of the device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the above functions can be implemented. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer program, the program can also be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, disk, optical disk, flash disk or mobile hard disk, and saved in the memory of the local device by downloading or copying, or the system of the local device is updated. When the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions in the above embodiments can be implemented.

[0143] The above examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which are only used to help understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions based on the concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module sun tracking method for controlling the position and posture of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Get the sunshine data for the day corresponding to the date; For any date, the photovoltaic components are controlled according to the sunshine data corresponding to the date: Before sunrise on the same day, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are controlled to be the initial azimuth angle and the initial pitch angle of the same day respectively; Starting from the sunrise time of the day, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are changed according to a preset rule until the sunset time of the day, when the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module are the end azimuth angle and the end pitch angle of the day respectively; After sunset on the same day, the posture of the photovoltaic module is changed to a preset posture.

2. The photovoltaic assembly sun tracking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining sunshine data corresponding to a date includes: Obtaining installation geographical location information of the photovoltaic module; According to the installation geographical location information, the sunrise time, sunset time, noon pitch angle, initial azimuth, initial pitch angle, terminal azimuth and terminal pitch angle of each date of the installation geographical location are obtained, so as to obtain the daily sunshine data of each date.

3. The photovoltaic assembly sun tracking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of changing the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module according to a preset rule includes: Acquire angular velocity data for the day, wherein the angular velocity data for the day includes azimuth angular velocity data for the day and pitch angular velocity data for the day; Changing the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module according to the azimuth angle velocity data of the day; The pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly is changed according to the pitch angle angular velocity data of the day.

4. The photovoltaic assembly sun tracking method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The obtaining of the angular velocity data of the day includes: Provide a fixed quantity as the angular velocity data for the day; or Provide the change as the angular velocity data for the day; in: When the azimuth angular velocity data of the day is a fixed value, the azimuth change angular velocity of the day is obtained as the azimuth angular velocity data of the day: Using the first set value as the angular velocity of the azimuth change on that day; or The angular velocity of the azimuth change on the day is calculated by the following formula: When the daily pitch angle angular velocity data is a fixed value, the daily pitch angle change angular velocity is obtained as the daily pitch angle angular velocity data: Using the second set value as the angular velocity of the pitch angle change on that day; or The angular velocity of the pitch angle change on the day is calculated by the following formula: Among them, ω γ is the angular velocity of the azimuth change on the day, ω β is the angular velocity of the pitch angle change on the day, γ1 is the initial azimuth on the day, γ2 is the final azimuth on the day, β M is the pitch angle at noon of the day, β1 is the initial pitch angle of the day, β2 is the final pitch angle of the day, T1 is the sunrise time of the day, and T2 is the sunset time of the day; When the azimuth angular velocity data of the day is a variable, obtaining the azimuth variation law of the day as the azimuth angular velocity data of the day; When the daily pitch angle angular velocity data is a variable, obtaining the daily pitch angle variation law as the daily pitch angle angular velocity data; The daily azimuth angle variation rule and the daily pitch angle variation rule are angular velocity values ​​that change according to the first rule and the second rule, respectively.

5. The photovoltaic assembly sun tracking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controlling of the photovoltaic assembly further includes: Real-time monitoring of light intensity data of the photovoltaic module; When the light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly is lower than a first preset threshold, stopping the posture change of the photovoltaic assembly and stopping monitoring; At intervals of the first time period and between the sunrise time and the sunset time of the same day, the light intensity of the photovoltaic assembly is monitored to obtain current light intensity data: When the current light intensity data is not lower than a first preset threshold, the current azimuth and the current pitch angle are calculated, and after the current posture is changed to the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, the azimuth and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly are continuously changed from the current azimuth and the current pitch angle according to a preset rule; When the current light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly is kept stopped.

6. The photovoltaic assembly sun tracking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Controlling the photovoltaic module also includes: Acquiring initial position data of the photovoltaic assembly at a preset initial position; At intervals of a second time period, obtaining current position data of the photovoltaic assembly after restoring a preset initial position; Based on the current position data and the initial position data, the preset initial position of the photovoltaic assembly is calibrated.

7. A photovoltaic module sun tracking control system, used to control the position and posture of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: an azimuth angle control motor, used for changing the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic assembly based on a first drive signal; A pitch angle control motor, used to change the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly based on a second drive signal; a controller, electrically connected to the azimuth angle control motor and the pitch angle control motor, and configured to send a first drive signal and / or a second drive signal to the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor to change the azimuth angle and / or the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly; Wherein, for any date, the controller controls the photovoltaic assembly through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor according to the acquired sunshine data corresponding to the date, and the control includes: Before sunrise on the same day, the controller controls the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module to the initial azimuth angle of the day through the azimuth angle control motor, and controls the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module to the initial pitch angle of the day through the pitch angle control motor; From the sunrise time to the sunset time of the same day, the controller changes the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module through the azimuth angle control motor until the end azimuth angle of the day, and changes the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module through the pitch angle control motor until the end pitch angle of the day according to a preset rule; After sunset on the same day, the controller changes the posture of the photovoltaic assembly to a preset posture through the azimuth angle control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor.

8. The photovoltaic assembly sun tracking system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control system further comprises: A photosensitive element, electrically connected to the controller, for monitoring light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly; When the photovoltaic assembly is working, the photosensitive element monitors the light intensity data of the photovoltaic assembly in real time. If the light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic assembly stops working and the photosensitive element stops real-time monitoring. Between the sunrise time and the sunset time of the same day, and when the photovoltaic assembly stops working, the photosensitive element monitors the light intensity of the photovoltaic assembly at intervals of a first time period to obtain current light intensity data: If the current light intensity data is not lower than the first preset threshold, the controller calculates the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, and after changing the current posture to the current azimuth and the current pitch angle, continues to change the azimuth and the pitch angle of the photovoltaic assembly from the current azimuth and the current pitch angle according to a preset rule; If the current light intensity data is lower than a first preset threshold, the controller keeps the photovoltaic assembly stopped.

9. The photovoltaic assembly sun tracking system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control system further comprises: A limit sensing element, electrically connected to the controller, and used for enabling the controller to obtain initial position data of the photovoltaic assembly at a preset initial position through the limit sensing element; At every second time period, the photovoltaic module is calibrated: The controller changes the azimuth and / or pitch angle of the photovoltaic module through the azimuth control motor and / or the pitch angle control motor, and obtains the current position data in real time through the limit sensing element; when the current position data is the same as the initial position data, the calibration is completed.

10. A solar power generation system, characterized in that: Comprising at least one photovoltaic module and a sun tracking control system as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9; The photovoltaic module is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; The sun tracking control system is used to control the position of at least one photovoltaic component so that at least one photovoltaic component is dynamically maintained perpendicular to the sunlight.

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