Method for promoting combustion of combustible material, improving power output of combustion device and prolonging service life of combustion device

Abstract

A method for promoting the combustion of a combustible material, improving the power output of a combustion device and prolonging the service life of the combustion device by adding an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element into the combustible material, relating to the technical field of combustion supporting. The method is applicable to various combustible materials and various combustion devices. A combustion device, and a fuel for promoting the combustion of a combustible material, improving the power output of a combustion device and prolonging the service life of the combustion device, respectively comprising a combustion device, and a fuel for nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. The method can enable all kinds of combustion devices to be reliably started and efficiently and safely work in any environment.

Description

A method for promoting combustion of combustibles and increasing power output and service life of a combustion device Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of combustion-supporting technology, and relates to a method for promoting the combustion of combustibles and improving the power output and service life of a combustion device. The present invention discloses that by adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles, the combustion of combustibles is promoted, the power output of a combustion device is improved, and the service life is extended. The present invention also discloses fuels and combustion devices that promote the combustion of combustibles, improve the power output of a combustion device, and extend the service life, including fuels and reactors for nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Of particular importance is that the disclosed fuels and combustion devices also have anti-explosion properties. Through this method, the combustion efficiency of combustibles and the power output and service life of the combustion device will be greatly improved, and at the same time, the safety of the combustion process will also be greatly improved. Background Art

[0002] Combustion is a violent, luminous, and exothermic chemical reaction between a combustible material and a combustion-supporting material. Prior art considers a substance's combustion-supporting properties to be its ability to support combustion. For example, paper burns in oxygen, which is considered to be combustion-supporting. Magnesium burns in carbon dioxide, which is considered to be combustion-supporting. A substance with combustion-supporting properties is not flammable, and a substance with flammable properties is not combustion-supporting. Combustible and combustion-supporting substances are interdependent. For combustion to occur, both combustion-supporting and flammable substances must be present.

[0003] Conventional knowledge generally considers combustion improvers to enhance combustion performance and efficiency, and they are often considered oxidants. For example, oxygen is used as an oxidant in everyday combustion, and liquid oxygen is used in rocket engines. Combustion improvers can also be added to fuels for various devices, such as industrial boilers, automobiles and ships, jet engines, rocket engines, explosives, and gunpowder.

[0004] Prior art considers combustion efficiency, power output, noise and vibration, and service life of combustion devices to be solely related to the fuel combustion process. For the past 100 years, improvements to power output, noise and vibration, and service life of combustion devices have typically been based on structural design, without considering the interaction between the fuel and the combustion device during combustion. Furthermore, combustion enhancement has typically been achieved by adding oxidants. However, this traditional method has limited combustion enhancement effects and has not significantly improved power output and service life.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In light of this, the present invention provides a method for promoting the combustion of combustibles and increasing the power output and service life of a combustion device. This method differs radically from existing combustion-supporting technologies. By adding alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals, the method promotes plasma formation, thereby promoting the combustion of combustibles while also increasing the power output and service life of the combustion device.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for promoting combustion of combustibles and increasing the power output and service life of a combustion device, comprising adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustibles; the combustibles are in at least one of a gaseous, liquid, and solid state; the alkali metal elements include one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, yttrium, cesium, and francium; and the alkaline earth metal elements include one or more of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.

[0009] The method of the present invention is applicable to all combustible materials.

[0010] The combustible material includes one or more of carbon, carbon-containing organic matter, hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, ammonia, metal, sulfur and phosphorus.

[0011] The technology of the present invention is applicable to all combustion devices, such as gasoline engines, diesel engines, internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, piston engines, ammonia mixed fuel piston engines, hydrogen mixed fuel piston engines, mixed fuel piston engines, piston engines, turbofan engines, turbojet engines, rocket engines, gas turbines, mixed fuel gas turbines, boilers, nuclear fusion reactors, nuclear fission reactors, fuel cells, heating stoves, ovens, thermoelectric conversion devices or heat-cold conversion devices.

[0012] The added form of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element includes at least one of atoms, ions and plasma.

[0013] The alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is added in the form of any substance containing the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element.

[0014] The substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements includes one or more of all simple substances, alloys, compounds or compositions containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, and the form of the substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements includes gas, liquid, solid or plasma.

[0015] Preferably, the added amount of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is 0wt% to 100000.99999999999999999wt% of the combustible material, and is not 0.

[0016] Preferably, the added amount of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is 0wt% to 90.9999999999999999wt% of the combustible material, and is not 0.

[0017] The method of adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles includes at least one of method 1, method 2, method 3 or method 4;

[0018] The first method comprises: adding a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to a combustible material after melting, electric spark, plasma, stirring, ball milling or pulverizing, or mixing a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements with a non-combustible material and then adding the mixture to the combustible material; the non-combustible material includes all kinds of non-combustible materials;

[0019] The second method comprises: dissolving a substance containing an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element into a combustible material;

[0020] The third method comprises: mixing a substance containing an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element with a solvent to obtain a solution, a suspension or a paste; and adding the solution, suspension or paste to a combustible material;

[0021] The fourth method includes adding a substance containing an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element to a component of a combustion device. The alkali metal element or alkaline earth metal element in the component reacts with a combustible or non-combustible material to generate a substance containing an alkali metal element or an alkaline earth metal element, which is then added to the combustible material.

[0022] The components of the combustion device in the fourth method include one or more of the following: a combustion chamber or a piston, a piston connecting rod, a cylinder liner, a nozzle, a spark plug, a rotor, blades, a gear, a bearing, a screw, a bolt, a lubricating oil container, a fuel container, a container for a combustion-supporting substance, a delivery pipeline or a filter.

[0023] The components of the combustion device in the fourth method are made of materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, and the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements include one or more of polymers, ceramics or metals; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 99.990000000000wt%, and is not 0.

[0024] The polymer includes rubber; the metal includes a metal element and / or an alloy; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the alloy is 0.000000000001wt% to 99.99wt%.

[0025] The present invention further provides a combustion device. During the combustion process, alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements react with combustibles to form a carbonaceous material on the surface of the combustion device. This carbonaceous material is a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements. Therefore, the present invention provides recesses, protrusions, or holes in the components of the combustion device, allowing these locations to generate substances containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements with different chemical compositions or structures. During the combustion process, these locations release different substances containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements into different spaces within the combustion chamber, thereby adjusting the combustion state within the combustion chamber and achieving control over the combustion process. Furthermore, the alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal material in the recesses or holes also serves as a reservoir for the alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the combustibles during the combustion process, thereby preventing the loss or fluctuation of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal elements during the combustion process, which could affect the combustion process. The components include the combustion chamber or one or more of a piston, piston connecting rod, cylinder liner, nozzle, spark plug, rotor, blades, bearings, bearing seat, bolts, or nuts within the combustion chamber.

[0026] The maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the through-hole opening, pit opening, or protrusion bottom of the combustion device component is from 0.01 square nanometers to 1 square meter, the depth of the pit or the height of the protrusion is from 0.1 nanometers to 100 millimeters, and the pit or protrusion can have any geometric shape. The component includes a combustion chamber or one or more components of a combustion chamber.

[0027] At the same time, according to the method of the present invention, further, the components or partial components of the combustion device are made of materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 99.990000000000wt%, and is not 0, and the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements include polymers, metals, or ceramics; and the combustion device includes any type of combustion device. Such a combustion device can promote the combustion of combustible materials and has higher power, longer service life, and mechanical reliability.

[0028] Based on the above combustion control principle, the present invention discloses a piston engine. This piston engine is characterized in that the inner surface of the cylinder of the piston engine is provided with pits, or the outer surface is provided with pits and / or protrusions. The pits or protrusions can be of any geometric shape, with or without protrusions within the pits, and the arrangement of the pits or protrusions can be regular or irregular.

[0029] The surface area of ​​the pit mouth of the cylinder or the bottom of the protrusion is from 0.01 square nanometers to 0.03 square meters, and the depth of the pit or the height of the protrusion is from 0.1 nanometers to 100 millimeters.

[0030] The inner and / or outer surface of the cylinder is provided with grooves and / or blind holes, the width of the grooves or the diameter of the blind holes is 0.001 microns to 10 mm, and the depth of the grooves or the blind holes is 0.001 microns to 10 mm.

[0031] The components or partial components of the piston engine disclosed in the present invention can be further manufactured using materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 99.990000000000wt%, and is not 0, and the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements include polymers, metals, or ceramics. The components include one or more of the combustion chamber or the piston in the combustion chamber, the piston connecting rod, the cylinder liner, the nozzle, the spark plug, the bolt, the nut, the container or pipeline for the lubricating oil of the combustion chamber, the fuel container or pipeline, the container or pipeline for the combustion-supporting substance, or the filter.

[0032] The piston engine disclosed in the present invention is also characterized in that the piston engine includes or does not include a liquid cooling system; the combustible materials used by the piston engine include one or more of gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, vegetable oil, animal oil, bioethanol, biomethanol, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, natural gas, acetylene, methane, liquefied petroleum gas, polymer-based carbon-containing organic matter or plant-based carbon-containing organic matter.

[0033] During the combustion process, combustible materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements will generate carbonaceous materials on the surface of the combustion chamber or its components of the combustion device. The thickness of the carbonaceous material is from 0.1 nanometers to 1 millimeter; the surface of the carbonaceous material can have any structure and macromorphology; the carbonaceous material acts as a buffer reservoir for alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, and carbon elements, and has at least one of the following functions: lubrication, sealing, heat conduction, insulation, high and low temperature resistance, wear resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-explosion, or repair of surface defects of the combustion device. Therefore, the combustion device or fuel provided by the present invention can enable the combustion device to have excellent lubrication, sealing, heat conduction, insulation, high and low temperature resistance, wear resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-explosion, thermal fatigue resistance, mechanical fatigue resistance, or repair of surface defects of the combustion device. Therefore, the combustion device can withstand higher combustion temperatures and gas pressures, resulting in the promotion of combustion of combustible materials, the improvement of the power output and service life of the combustion device, and the need for a liquid cooling system or an external forced lubrication system.

[0034] Furthermore, since the method of the present invention allows more air or other types of combustion-supporting gases to enter the cylinder, high-pressure intake can be used to increase the amount of gas generated during the combustion process or the cylinder pressure, thereby further improving the power output of the piston engine.

[0035] It should be particularly pointed out that the piston engine disclosed in the present invention includes piston engines of all types of combustibles, such as gasoline engines, diesel engines, internal combustion engines, ammonia mixed fuel engines, hydrogen mixed fuel engines or mixed fuel piston engines.

[0036] The present invention also provides a fuel that can improve the power output and service life of a combustion device, comprising a combustible material and an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element; preferably, the added amount of the alkali metal element and / or the alkaline earth metal element is 0wt% to 100000.9999999999999999wt% of the mass of the combustible material, and is not 0.

[0037] Preferably, the mass of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is 0wt% to 90.9999999999999999wt% of the mass of the combustible material, and is not 0.

[0038] The fuel provided by the present invention is used for all types of combustion devices and can prevent deflagration, promote combustion of combustibles, increase the power output and service life of the combustion device, and make the combustion device safer. Examples of the fuel include anti-deflagration fuel, internal combustion engine fuel, external combustion engine fuel, piston engine fuel, mixed fuel engine fuel, mixed fuel, turbofan engine fuel, turbojet engine fuel, gas turbine fuel, boiler fuel, fuel cell fuel, nuclear fusion fuel, nuclear fission fuel, heating stove fuel, oven fuel, thermoelectric converter fuel, or heat-cooling converter fuel.

[0039] The present invention also provides a high-efficiency fuel energy conversion system, comprising a fuel and a combustion device; the fuel is the fuel described in the above embodiment; and the combustion device is the combustion device described in the above embodiment. The high-efficiency fuel energy conversion system provided by the present invention can start and operate efficiently in any environment, is explosion-proof, and has higher power output, a longer service life, and greater mechanical reliability.

[0040] In order to further improve the combustion efficiency of combustible materials, the high-efficiency fuel energy conversion system also includes other energy conversion devices connected to the combustion device; the other energy conversion devices include at least one of refrigeration equipment, hot water boilers, steam boilers, industrial kilns, industrial ovens, thermoelectric conversion devices or steam boiler-driven generators.

[0041] The present invention provides a method for promoting the combustion of combustibles and improving the power output and service life of a combustion device by adding at least one alkali metal element and / or at least one alkaline earth metal element to the combustibles. The inventor, Professor Dr. Zhang Yongheng (Dr. Zhang Yongheng is the legal representative, chairman, and general manager of Qingdao Hengnengda Energy Technology Co., Ltd. in China. He holds doctoral, master's, and bachelor's degrees in materials engineering and has been a professor of materials science since 2004) has discovered through research that plasma formation is essential during the combustion of combustibles. The combustion of carbon-containing organic matter requires ignition (for example, a match igniting a piece of paper, an electronic lighter igniting natural gas, or a spark plug igniting gasoline in a gasoline engine cylinder). These ignition sparks generate plasma. After the ignition spark ignites the combustible, the presence of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements causes the ignited combustibles to generate more plasma. This plasma will continue to ignite more combustibles, thereby continuing the combustion until the combustibles are completely consumed. If the combustibles or the environment lack alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, or if the ambient temperature does not reach a certain level, combustion will not proceed. Similarly, other combustible materials such as hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metals also require plasma to initiate reactions or combustion with oxygen. The formation of plasma requires the participation of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals. In other words, alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals are essential elements for plasma formation.

[0042] Based on the combustion principle of the above-mentioned combustibles, the inventors added alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustibles to trigger combustion and promote the formation of more plasma, thereby promoting the combustion of the combustibles. By controlling the amount of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements during the combustion process, it is possible to control the combustion process and combustion characteristics (such as the color, temperature distribution, combustion rate, airflow speed and direction, and degree of combustion during the combustion process). More importantly, the technology of the present invention is applicable to all types and forms of combustibles, as well as all combustion devices.

[0043] During the combustion process, alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements react with the surface layer of the combustion device, destroying the surface layer of the combustion device and generating heat. When the surface layer of the combustion device cannot be rebuilt, the temperature of the combustion device (including the environment of the combustion device) will continue to rise until the combustion chamber is melted. When the destruction and reconstruction of the surface layer of the combustion device reach a balance, the temperature of the combustion device reaches a constant and is heated, and the ambient temperature is also increased. During the combustion process, the destruction and reconstruction of the surface layer of the combustion device are related to the content and composition of the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements and combustibles and non-combustibles in the combustion device and the ambient temperature. When the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the combustion device is high, the degree of destruction of the surface layer of the combustion device is greater and the reconstruction speed is faster, and the heat generated is also higher.

[0044] The present invention adds alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustible material, and a carbon-containing material (carbon-containing layer) will be formed on the surface of the combustion device during the combustion process. As needed, by adjusting the type and content of the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements added to the combustible material, the carbon-containing material is made to have lubrication, sealing, heat conduction, heat insulation, high and low temperature resistance, wear resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-explosion, or repairing surface defects of the combustion device. Therefore, the combustion temperature inside the combustion device will be higher, the combustion speed will be faster and more thorough, the heating speed of the combustion device will be faster, the friction resistance of the piston movement will be smaller, the impeller and blades will have higher temperature resistance, the combustion device will output more power, the mechanical life will be longer, the working noise will be lower, and the combustion device will be smaller in size. According to the theory proposed by Professor Dr. Zhang Yongheng, the power output of the combustion device can be increased exponentially compared with the existing technology.

[0045] Another important technical feature of the method of promoting the combustion of combustibles and improving the power output and service life of the combustion device of the present invention is that the tail gas of the primary combustion device can be used to heat the secondary combustion device more efficiently. Since alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements are added to the combustibles, the tail gas of the primary combustion device will contain alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements. These alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements will destroy and rebuild the surface layer of the secondary combustion device to generate heat to heat the secondary combustion device. The secondary combustion device includes a boiler, an industrial kiln, a heating box or a refrigeration device. The boiler of the secondary combustion device will drive the steam turbine, and the steam turbine can drive the generator. Therefore, the energy conversion efficiency of the combustible material will be further improved.

[0046] In summary, the method of the present invention can promote the combustion of various combustibles, improve the power output of the combustion device, and at the same time extend the service life of the combustion device; make full use of various carbon-containing organic matter as fuel for the combustion device; make the combustion device smaller and more powerful; simplify the structure of the combustion device; improve the combustion efficiency of combustibles; enable the combustion device to ignite and start normally and work efficiently in any environment; and improve the reliability of the combustion device.

[0047] Technological advantages

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include but are not limited to:

[0049] (1) The method provided by the present invention is suitable for all types of combustibles, such as carbon powder, resin, polyethylene plastic, gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethanol, vegetable oil, animal oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, ethanol, methanol, toluene, methane, acetylene, ethane, ammonia, hydrogen, tritium, deuterium, sulfur, phosphorus, metals, or mixtures of the above combustibles. The method provided by the present invention is suitable for all types of combustion devices, such as gasoline engines, diesel engines, internal combustion engines, piston engines, turbojet engines, turbofan engines, rocket engines, nuclear fusion reactors, nuclear fission reactors, fuel cells, gas turbines, boilers, and thermoelectric conversion devices. Existing combustion-supporting methods are only suitable for a limited number of fuels or combustion devices.

[0050] (2) The present invention adds alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles, thereby not only improving the combustion efficiency of the combustibles but also adjusting the combustion efficiency, combustion rate, and combustion characteristics of the combustibles, thereby controlling the combustion process. By controlling the combustion process, the noise and vibration of the combustion process can be controlled. The prior art is unable to control the above-mentioned combustion process of combustibles.

[0051] (3) The present invention adds alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustible material, which can form a carbon-containing layer with various functions (such as lubrication, wear resistance, heat conduction, heat insulation, corrosion resistance, high and low temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance, etc.) on the surface of the combustion device, thereby reducing the noise of the combustion process, increasing the combustion temperature, increasing the output power, and extending the working life of the combustion device. At the same time, the liquid cooling system of the engine can be omitted for gasoline engines, diesel engines, piston engines, etc., simplifying the structure of the engine. The existing technology cannot form a carbon-containing layer with various functions on the surface of the combustion device, cannot significantly improve the power output of the device, cannot extend the service life of the device, and cannot simplify the engine structure.

[0052] (4) By adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustible material, the thermal efficiency and combustion rate of the fuel are improved, the size of the combustion device can be reduced, and thus the size of the power machinery can be reduced. For example, the output power of a gasoline or diesel engine with a 1-liter cylinder is equivalent to that of an existing gasoline or diesel engine with a 2.5-liter cylinder, and the thrust generated by a jet engine or rocket engine with a diameter of 50 cm is equivalent to that of an existing engine with a diameter of 1 meter. In addition, fuel is saved and the life of the machinery is extended. Existing technology cannot make such significant technological progress in combustion devices.

[0053] (5) The present invention adds alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustible material, which can reduce the noise and vibration of the combustion device during the combustion process. The existing technology cannot control the noise and vibration during the combustion process of combustible materials.

[0054] (6) The present invention significantly increases the combustion rate and temperature of the combustible material by adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, thereby increasing the temperature rise rate of the combustion device and simultaneously saving a large amount of fuel, typically 20%-40% (for existing gasoline engines). Existing technologies can only achieve a relatively small combustion-promoting effect on a single fuel, typically saving less than 10%.

[0055] (7) The present invention adds alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustible material, making it easier to ignite the fuel in the combustion device at high altitudes, high altitudes, and in outer space, and improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel, thereby greatly increasing the power output of the combustion device and significantly saving fuel. The existing technology cannot achieve this technical purpose.

[0056] (8) The present invention adds alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustible materials, enabling combustion devices to ignite and start normally and operate efficiently in any environment. For example, various combustion devices can start and operate normally at temperatures between -250°C and 2500°C. Existing technologies cannot achieve this technical objective.

[0057] (9) The present invention adds alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustible materials to improve the combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency of renewable fuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethanol, vegetable oils, animal oils, and plant fuels, making them suitable for use in a variety of combustion devices such as piston engines, gas turbines, jet engines, and rocket engines. Existing technologies are unable to achieve this technical objective.

[0058] (10) The additive for promoting combustion of combustibles of the present invention is non-toxic, harmless, very cheap, and recyclable.

[0059] (11) The heating effect of using the tail gas of the combustion device of the prior art to heat other heating devices is poor, and the tail gas of the heating device cannot be used or cannot be used well. However, by adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustible material, the tail gas of the primary combustion device can generate more heat when heating the heating device of the secondary combustion device, thereby further improving the combustion efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of the fuel. These secondary heating devices can also drive various energy conversion equipment such as steam turbines, and steam turbines can drive generators, etc. The prior art cannot achieve this technical purpose.

[0060] (12) The technology of the present invention enables the use of mixed fuels in various combustion devices. Such mixed fuels include diesel, gasoline, biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethanol, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, animal and vegetable oils, and polymer-based or plant-based carbon-containing organic matter, thereby fully utilizing various fuels and improving the thermal efficiency of the fuels. The existing technology cannot achieve this goal.

[0061] (13) The fuel provided by the present invention can be used to trigger nuclear fusion or nuclear fission reactions, and to enable the nuclear fusion or nuclear fission process to proceed and be controllable, thereby enabling nuclear fusion and nuclear fission to be utilized and commercialized. Existing technologies are unable to achieve this technical objective.

[0062] (14) The nuclear fusion or nuclear fission reactor provided by the present invention can realize nuclear fusion or nuclear fission reactions and make the nuclear fusion or nuclear fission reactions controllable. The existing technology cannot achieve this technical purpose.

[0063] (15) The fuel and engine provided by the present invention can enable an ammonia mixed fuel engine and a hydrogen mixed fuel engine to start and operate normally, which is a technical purpose that cannot be achieved with the existing technology.

[0064] (16) The present invention can make fuel cells more efficient, which is a technical goal that cannot be achieved with existing technologies.

[0065] (17) The combustion device provided by the present invention, such as a piston engine, does not require a liquid cooling system or a forced lubrication system for the combustion chamber. The prior art cannot achieve this technical purpose.

[0066] (18) The present invention can provide explosion-proof fuel and combustion devices, thereby making the combustion process safer. The existing technology cannot achieve this technical purpose.

[0067] (19) The present invention can greatly improve the mechanical reliability of the combustion device, thereby extending the service life of the combustion device. The existing technology cannot achieve this technical purpose.

[0068] Industrial Applications

[0069] Industrial applications of the present invention include but are not limited to the following:

[0070] Fuels that enable combustion devices to deliver higher power and longer service life;

[0071] Make the combustion device have higher combustion efficiency, higher power output and longer service life;

[0072] Make various fuels anti-explosion;

[0073] Make the combustion process safer and more reliable;

[0074] Using mixed fuels in combustion devices;

[0075] The combustion device is made more compact, more powerful, longer in service life and safer in use.

[0076] Enables better control of the combustion process;

[0077] Make all combustion devices ignite, start and operate in any environment;

[0078] The combustion chamber of the combustion device has no liquid cooling system or forced lubrication system;

[0079] Reduce toxic waste gas emissions from the combustion process;

[0080] Realize nuclear fusion and nuclear fission reactions and make the reaction process controllable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] The present invention provides a method for promoting the combustion of combustibles and improving the power output and service life of a combustion device, comprising adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustibles; the material form of the combustibles includes at least one of gaseous, liquid and solid states; the alkali metal elements include one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, yttrium, cesium and francium; and the alkaline earth metal elements include one or more of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.

[0082] Unlike prior art, the present invention is applicable to all combustible materials, such as one or more of carbon, carbon-containing organic matter, carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metals. The carbon preferably includes carbon powder; the carbon-containing organic matter preferably includes all carbon-containing organic matter, such as one or more of resin, polyethylene plastic, gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, vegetable oil, animal oil, bioethanol, biomethanol, natural gas, aviation kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, coal-to-gas, ethanol, methanol, toluene, acetylene, methane, ethane, polymer-based carbon-containing organic matter, or plant-based carbon-containing organic matter.

[0083] In the present invention, the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element may be in any form, and is preferably in the form of at least one of atoms, ions, and plasma.

[0084] In some embodiments, the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is added in the form of a substance containing the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element, and the substance containing the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element includes one or more of a plasma, a simple substance, an alloy, a compound or a composition containing the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element. Specifically, it is preferably added in the form of one or more of plasma, a simple substance, an alloy, a compound or a composition; the form of the substance containing the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element can be any form, preferably including plasma, gaseous, liquid or solid. The compound or composition includes one or more of all organic compounds or inorganic compounds.

[0085] In some embodiments, when the alkali metal element is added as a single element, the element is at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, arsenic, cesium, and francium. When the alkali metal element is added as an alloy, the alloy can be any type of alloy containing the alkali metal element, specifically at least one of lithium-aluminum alloy, calcium-lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-calcium alloy, calcium-magnesium-lithium alloy, iron-nickel-magnesium-lithium-carbon alloy, titanium-lithium alloy, and titanium-magnesium-lithium alloy. When the alkali metal element is added as a compound, the compound includes one or more of all compounds of the alkali metal element, including organic or inorganic compounds, specifically organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, oxides, bases, and more specifically one or more of alkoxides, phenoxides, acetates, oxalates, citrates, hydrochlorides, sulfates, carbonates, aluminosilicates, phosphates, or hydroxides. It should be noted that the alkali metal element in these compounds is essential for plasma generation. Other ions or components that constitute these compounds can only affect the temperature required for plasma generation. In the present invention, the choice of added compounds depends on the type of combustion device and the type of combustible material. For example, for piston engines with a relatively low permissible combustion temperature, a larger amount of compounds with high thermal decomposition and high ionization, such as acetates, oxalates, citrates, or chlorides, may be added. For combustion devices with a relatively high permissible combustion temperature, such as gas turbines, jet engines, and rocket engines, an appropriate amount of compounds with high thermal decomposition temperatures and low ionization, such as phosphates, aluminosilicates, or hydroxides, may be added to ensure a continuous supply of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals within the combustion chamber.

[0086] In some embodiments, the compound containing an alkali metal element is at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium acetate, potassium acetate, or sodium acetate; when the alkali metal element is added as a mixture, the mixture is lithium acetate and potassium acetate, or potassium acetate and potassium hydroxide, or sodium acetate and sodium hydroxide, or potassium acetate and sodium hydroxide, or potassium acetate, sodium acetate, and lithium acetate. Alkali metal elements can also be added in combination with alkaline earth metal elements, such as magnesium chloride and potassium hydroxide, or magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide, or magnesium chloride and potassium acetate, or magnesium chloride and sodium acetate, or calcium chloride, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, and sodium acetate.

[0087] In some embodiments, when the alkaline earth metal element is added as a single element, the element is preferably at least one of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. When the alkaline earth metal element is added as an alloy, the alloy can be any type of alloy containing the alkaline earth metal element, specifically at least one of magnesium-aluminum alloy, calcium-silicon alloy, lithium-calcium alloy, calcium-magnesium-lithium alloy, iron-calcium-magnesium-carbon alloy, iron-nickel-calcium-carbon alloy, and titanium-magnesium-lithium alloy. When the alkaline earth metal element is added as a compound, the compound includes one or more compounds of all alkaline earth metal elements, including organic compounds, inorganic compounds, or oxides, specifically organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, or bases, more specifically, one or more of alkoxides, phenoxides, acetates, oxalates, citrates, hydrochlorides, sulfates, carbonates, aluminosilicates, phosphates, or hydroxides. It should be noted that the alkaline earth metal element in these compounds is essential for plasma generation. Other ions or components that constitute these compounds can only affect the temperature required for plasma generation. The choice of compound to add depends on the type of combustion device and combustible material. The principles for addition are the same as those for adding alkali metal elements described above. In some embodiments, the alkaline earth metal element is added in the form of an organic acid salt, an inorganic acid salt, or a base of the alkaline earth metal element, specifically an acetate or hydrochloride. In some embodiments, the compound containing the alkaline earth metal element is at least one of magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate, and calcium chloride. When the alkaline earth metal element is added as a mixture, an example of such a mixture is magnesium chloride and magnesium acetate. The alkali metal element and alkaline earth metal element can be added to the combustible material simultaneously, such as magnesium chloride and potassium acetate, magnesium chloride and potassium hydroxide, calcium chloride and potassium acetate, and lithium acetate and sodium acetate. The specific addition ratio is selected based on the combustion device and combustible material. It is particularly important to emphasize that alloys containing alkali metal elements and alkaline earth metal elements can also be added, such as aluminum-magnesium-lithium alloys, aluminum-calcium-lithium alloys, iron-magnesium-carbon alloys, iron-nickel-calcium-magnesium-carbon alloys, titanium-lithium alloys, and titanium-magnesium-lithium alloys. These alloys are particularly suitable for manufacturing combustion chambers and components of combustion devices, such as cylinder liners, pistons, impellers, and blades.

[0088] In some embodiments, the amount of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements added is preferably 0wt% to 10000.99999999999999999wt% of the mass of the combustible material, and is not 0. In some embodiments, it is 0wt% to 90.99999999999999999wt%, and is not 0. In the present invention, the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements interact with the carbon element to generate new carbon-containing materials or generate plasma, thereby initiating combustion and allowing the combustion process to continue. At the same time, the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements destroy and generate a carbon-containing layer on the surface of the combustion device, thereby generating heat and heating the combustion device, further promoting the formation of plasma. In other words, the formation of plasma and the heating of the combustion device promote each other until the destruction and generation of the carbon-containing layer of the combustion device reach a balance, and the temperature of the combustion device also reaches a balance.

[0089] In the present invention, the combustion device includes any type of combustion device, which can be started and operated efficiently in any environment, outputs higher power, has a longer service life, and has higher mechanical reliability.

[0090] In some embodiments, the combustion device preferably includes one or more of a primary combustion device and a secondary combustion device heated by the exhaust gas of the primary combustion device; the primary combustion device preferably includes one or more of a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, an internal combustion engine, an ammonia mixed fuel engine, a hydrogen mixed fuel engine, a mixed fuel piston engine, a piston engine, a turbofan engine, a turbojet engine, a rocket engine, a mixed fuel gas turbine, a gas turbine, a boiler, a nuclear fusion reactor, a nuclear fission reactor, a fuel cell, a heating stove, an oven, a thermoelectric conversion device, or a heat-cooling device; the secondary combustion device heated by the exhaust gas of the primary combustion device includes a boiler, an industrial kiln, a refrigeration device, a thermoelectric conversion device, or a heat-cooling conversion device. The boiler includes a steam boiler or a hot water boiler.

[0091] In the present invention, the addition of the alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal elements continuously destroys and generates heat in the surface layer of the combustion device, thereby generating heat and heating the combustion device. Of particular importance is the fact that the exhaust gas from the primary combustion device contains a high concentration of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal elements and a very low concentration of carbon-containing organic matter. This exhaust gas more easily destroys the carbon-containing layer of the secondary combustion device, generating plasma, thereby heating the combustion device, further improving the thermal efficiency or energy conversion efficiency of the fuel.

[0092] In the present invention, a combustible material containing alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals generates a carbonaceous material on the surface of the combustion device during combustion. This carbonaceous material contains alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals. The thickness of this carbonaceous material ranges from 0.1 nanometers to 1 millimeter. This carbonaceous material provides at least one of the following functions: lubrication, wear resistance, sealing, thermal conductivity, insulation, high and low temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, deflagration prevention, and repair of surface defects in the combustion device. Therefore, the combustion device can be equipped with no liquid cooling system or no external forced lubrication system.

[0093] More importantly, adding alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals to deuterium and tritium can trigger hydrogen fusion and make the fusion process sustainable and controllable. Hydrogen fusion reactions are initiated by plasma and require more alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals to complete the fusion process.

[0094] In some embodiments, the amount of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements added is 0.0000000000000001wt% to 1000wt% of the mass of deuterium and tritium. Similarly, metal nuclear fusion also requires alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to turn the metal into plasma, thereby achieving reactions between metal nuclei. In some embodiments, the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in nuclear fusion fuel is 0.0001wt% to 100wt%. Similarly, nuclear fission of non-radioactive metals also requires alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to transform the metal into ultra-high temperature plasma, thereby achieving the splitting of metal nuclei and forming new metal and metal-carbon material composite materials. The inventors would like to specifically point out that the nuclear fusion or nuclear fission reaction process must involve the participation of carbon-containing organic matter to plasmatize the fusion material or fission material. Only the fuel and combustion device disclosed in the method of the present invention can obtain ultra-high temperature plasma to achieve nuclear fission reaction or nuclear fusion reaction, as well as control the nuclear fission reaction or nuclear fusion reaction process.

[0095] In some embodiments, carbon-containing organic matter and alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements are added to hydrogen or ammonia as a fuel; the amount of the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements added is 0.0001 wt% to 10,000 wt% of the mass of the ammonia or hydrogen. In the present invention, the method of adding the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to the combustible material preferably includes at least one of method 1, method 2, method 3, and method 4.

[0096] In some embodiments, the method for adding alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals to combustibles includes Method 1. Method 1 comprises: adding a substance containing alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals to the combustibles by stirring, ball milling, pulverizing, melting, sparking, or plasma treatment, or mixing the substance containing alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals with a non-combustible material and then adding the substance to the combustibles. The substance containing alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals includes one or more of the elements, alloys, compounds, and combinations described in the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail below. The stirring temperature is preferably 0-500°C, or below -100°C. For example, for cryogenic liquids such as liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and liquid methane, stirring and mixing at low temperatures, typically below -100°C, is required. Method 1 is applicable to combustibles in any form. The non-combustible material includes one or more of all types of non-combustible materials, such as H2O, N2, O2, NO, CO2, Fe2O3, and SiO2.

[0097] In some embodiments, the method for adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles includes Method 2. Method 2 comprises: dissolving a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements into the combustibles. Method 2 is applicable to combustibles in other forms besides gaseous form.

[0098] In some embodiments, the method for adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles includes method three. Method three comprises: mixing a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements with a solvent to obtain a solution, suspension, or paste; and adding the solution, suspension, or paste to the combustibles. The solvent comprises an inorganic solvent, an organic solvent, or at least one of an inorganic solvent; examples of inorganic solvents include water and organic acid solutions; examples of organic solvents include at least one of formic acid, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the organic solvent is ethanol.

[0099] In some embodiments, the method of adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles includes method 4. Method 4 comprises: manufacturing the combustion chamber and its components, lubricating oil container, fuel container, combustion-supporting material container, filter, or delivery pipeline of the combustion device using materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; such a combustion device can start and operate efficiently in any environment, output higher power, have a longer service life, and have higher mechanical reliability.

[0100] The material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements includes one or more of polymers, ceramics, or metals; the polymer preferably includes rubber; and the metal includes a single metal and / or an alloy. When a combustible or combustion-supporting material comes into contact with these materials, they react with the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, alkali metal compound, alkaline earth metal compound, metal, or alloy to form a compound containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, which is then mixed into the combustible and / or combustion-supporting material. The combustion device and its components include a combustion chamber, cylinder liner, nozzle, spark plug, piston, connecting rod, rotor, or blade. The content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is preferably between 0.0000000001wt% and 99.99wt%; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the alloy is preferably between 0.00000000001wt% and 99.99wt%.

[0101] In some embodiments, by providing recesses, protrusions, or holes in components of the combustion device, substances containing alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals with different chemical compositions and structures are generated at these locations. During the combustion process, these locations release different substances containing alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals into different spaces in the combustion chamber, preventing the loss or fluctuation of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals during combustion, thereby regulating the combustion state within the combustion chamber and achieving control over the combustion process.

[0102] The maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the through-hole opening, pit opening, or protrusion bottom of the combustion device component is from 0.01 square nanometers to 1 square meter, the depth of the pit or the height of the protrusion is from 0.1 nanometers to 100 millimeters, and the pit or protrusion can have any geometric shape. The component includes a combustion chamber or one or more components of a combustion chamber.

[0103] In some embodiments, components or partial components of the combustion device are made of a material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 99.990000000000wt%, and is not 0. The material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements includes polymers, metals, or ceramics; and the combustion device includes any type of combustion device. Such a combustion device can promote the combustion of combustible materials and has higher power, longer service life, and greater mechanical reliability.

[0104] The present invention also provides a piston engine, which includes or does not include a liquid cooling system; the fuel used by the piston engine is the fuel described in the above scheme; the combustible material in the fuel includes one or more of gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, vegetable oil, animal oil, bioethanol, biomethanol, vegetable oil, animal oil, ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, ammonia, natural gas, acetylene, methane or liquefied petroleum gas, polymer-based carbon-containing organic matter and plant-based carbon-containing organic matter.

[0105] In some embodiments, the inner surface of the cylinder of the piston engine is provided with pits or the outer surface is provided with pits or protrusions, the pits or protrusions are of any geometric shape, there may be or no protrusions in the pits, and the arrangement of the pits or protrusions is regular or irregular. The surface area of ​​the pit mouth or the bottom of the protrusion on the cylinder surface is from 0.01 square nanometers to 0.03 square meters, and the depth of the pit or the height of the protrusion is from 0.1 nanometers to 100 millimeters. In some implementations, the inner surface of the cylinder has grooves and / or blind holes, and the outer surface of the cylinder has grooves and / or blind holes or protrusions, the width of the grooves or protrusions or the diameter of the blind holes is preferably from 0.1 nanometers to 100 millimeters; the depth of the grooves or blind holes is from 0.1 nanometers to 50 millimeters; the height of the protrusions is preferably from 0.1 nanometers to 100 millimeters, preferably from 1 nanometer to 20 millimeters; the grooves or protrusions are of any shape, and the arrangement pattern of the grooves or protrusions or blind holes is regular or irregular; the grooves or blind holes are pre-filled A carbon-containing material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, or during operation of a piston engine, the grooves and / or blind holes are filled with a carbon-containing material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the carbon-containing material containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements filled in the grooves or blind holes serves as a reservoir of alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements and carbon elements, and has at least one of the effects of improving the sealing, thermal conductivity, lubricity, wear resistance, anti-explosion properties, high and low temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance of the cylinder wall.

[0106] In some embodiments, the piston engine provided by the present invention may not be provided with a liquid cooling system or an external forced lubrication system, thereby simplifying the structure of the piston engine and further improving reliability.

[0107] In some embodiments, since the method of the present invention allows more air or other types of gas to enter the cylinder of the piston engine, high-pressure intake can be used to increase the amount of gas produced by the combustion process and the cylinder pressure, thereby further improving the power output of the piston engine.

[0108] In the present invention, the piston engine has a spark plug ignition system or does not have a spark plug ignition system, and the combustible material in the fuel used by the piston engine preferably includes one or more of gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, vegetable oil, animal oil, bioethanol, biomethanol, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, natural gas, acetylene, methane, liquefied petroleum gas, polymer-based carbon-containing organic matter and plant-based carbon-containing organic matter.

[0109] The present invention also provides a fuel capable of improving the power output and service life of a combustion device, comprising a combustible material and an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element; in some instances, the content of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is 0 wt% to 10000.99999999999999999 wt% of the combustible material, and is not 0; in some embodiments, the content is 0 wt% to 90.99999999999999999 wt% of the combustible material, and is not 0. The addition form of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is the same as that of the above-mentioned solution and will not be repeated here.

[0110] The present invention also provides a high-efficiency fuel energy conversion system, comprising a combustion device and a fuel; the fuel is the fuel described in the above scheme; the combustion device can be any combustion device, specifically the combustion device described in the above scheme, preferably including one or more of a primary combustion device and a secondary combustion device. The types of primary combustion devices and secondary combustion devices are not described here. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the combustion device can be a thermoelectric conversion device, a nuclear fusion reactor, a nuclear fission reactor, an engine, or a heating device heated by engine exhaust gas, and the heating device heated by engine exhaust gas preferably includes a boiler, an industrial kiln, an air heating box, an oven, or a refrigeration device; the boiler includes a steam boiler or a hot water boiler; the device driven by the engine includes a generator, a vehicle, a ship, or a train. The steam boiler drives the steam turbine and the steam turbine drives the generator; the heating device is heated by the heat generated by the destruction and formation of the surface layer of the heating device by alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements.

[0111] In some embodiments, the high-efficiency fuel energy conversion system preferably further comprises another energy conversion device connected to the combustion device. The other energy conversion device preferably comprises at least one of a refrigeration device, a hot water boiler, a steam boiler, an industrial kiln, an industrial oven, a thermoelectric converter, or a steam boiler-driven generator.

[0112] The high-efficiency fuel energy conversion system provided by the present invention can start and operate efficiently in any environment, is explosion-proof, outputs higher power, has a longer service life, and has higher mechanical reliability.

[0113] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0114] Example 1

[0115] Add 2 grams of lithium acetate dihydrate to 500 milliliters of anhydrous ethanol and stir until the lithium acetate is completely dissolved to obtain a lithium acetate-ethanol solution. Measure 100 milliliters of the lithium acetate-ethanol solution and inject it into a car's fuel tank. Then, add 25 liters of 92-octane gasoline. Testing shows that the car's fuel consumption per 100 kilometers has decreased from 12 liters to 10 liters. Due to the increased plasma generated during the combustion process, combustion is more rapid. A carbonaceous layer, which acts as a lubricant and seal, forms on the cylinder surface, increasing engine power, reducing fuel consumption by 17%, and reducing engine noise. (Test conditions: The car has a 2.5-liter naturally aspirated engine, has a mileage of approximately 133,000 kilometers, and was manufactured in 2010. The car was driven on city roads six times a day, with an average distance of approximately 5 kilometers and an average speed of approximately 25 kilometers per hour.)

[0116] Example 2

[0117] 5 grams of magnesium chloride hexahydrate was dissolved in 500 milliliters of ethanol to obtain a magnesium chloride ethanol solution. 100 milliliters of the magnesium chloride ethanol solution was injected into a car fuel tank, followed by the addition of 25 liters of 92-octane gasoline. After testing, the car's fuel consumption per 100 kilometers was reduced from 12 liters to 10 liters, saving 20% ​​of gasoline. The test conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0118] Example 3

[0119] Dissolve 5 grams of potassium acetate in 500 milliliters of ethanol to create a potassium acetate-ethanol solution. Pour 100 milliliters of this solution into a car's fuel tank, then add 25 liters of 92-octane gasoline. Testing shows a 22.5% reduction in fuel consumption from 12 liters per 100 kilometers to 9.3 liters. The test conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0120] Example 4

[0121] (1) Dissolve 2 g of sodium hydroxide in 500 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution.

[0122] (2) Dissolve 5 g of potassium hydroxide in 500 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution.

[0123] (3) Dissolve 5 g of anhydrous potassium acetate in 500 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution.

[0124] (4) Dissolve 2 g of anhydrous sodium acetate in 500 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution.

[0125] (5) Dissolve 5 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate in 500 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution.

[0126] (6) 2 g of lithium acetate dihydrate was dissolved in 500 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution.

[0127] (7) 2 g of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was dissolved in 500 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution.

[0128] Take a certain amount of the above solution and add it to 10 liters of gasoline. The specific addition is shown in Table 1. Then drive the car described in Example 1 on an urban elevated road at an average speed of 58 kilometers per hour until 10 liters of gasoline are exhausted. The distance traveled, fuel consumption and fuel saving rate of the car are shown in Table 1. When alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth elements are not added to gasoline, the fuel consumption of the car is 11.5 liters / 100 kilometers (30 kilometers per hour), 8.5 liters / 100 kilometers (58 kilometers per hour), and 8.3 liters / 100 kilometers (90 kilometers per hour). During the vehicle's travel, the cooling fan of the coolant does not rotate. It should be noted that in this embodiment, gasoline cannot be used up each time the vehicle travels. About 3 liters of gasoline are left in the fuel tank. Therefore, each test inevitably has a mixture of remaining gasoline and newly added gasoline, and the result is that the content of various compounds in the fuel tank is not the compound content added as listed in the following table. Such results also show that the combustion-supporting technology of the present invention has very strong practicality.

[0129] Table 1 The distance traveled, fuel consumption and fuel saving rate of the car after adding different solutions

[0130] Example 5

[0131] In order to verify the application field of the present invention for promoting the combustion of combustibles. One set of experiments was to add 80 ml of the sodium acetate solution in Example 5 into the fuel tank, and then add 1 liter of ethanol, 1 liter of methanol and 8 liters of gasoline into the fuel tank, and then conduct a driving test. Another set of experiments was to add 40 ml of the potassium acetate solution in Example 5 into the fuel tank, and then add 3 liters of ethanol and 7 liters of gasoline into the fuel tank, and then conduct a driving test. Another set of experiments was to add 20 ml of the potassium acetate solution and 20 ml of the sodium acetate solution in Example 5 into the fuel tank, and then add 3 liters of methanol and 7 liters of gasoline into the fuel tank, and then conduct a driving test. The experimental results are shown in Table 2. The test results show that the thermal efficiency of the mixed fuels of ethanol and gasoline, ethanol and methanol and gasoline, and ethanol and methanol is not significantly lower than that of the fuel of all gasoline. The research results prove that the combustion promotion technology of the present invention is applicable to a variety of combustibles.

[0132] Table 2. Driving test results of gasoline, ethanol and methanol blends

[0133] Example 6

[0134] Immerse white printing paper in the potassium acetate solution of Example 5 and then dry it in sunlight for two hours. Cut a small piece of printing paper that has not been soaked in potassium acetate solution and a small piece of printing paper that has been soaked in potassium acetate solution. Then adjust the temperature of the stainless steel disc (thickness 4 mm) on the electric furnace to 150°C, 170°C and 203°C respectively. Then place a small piece of printing paper on the stainless steel disc on the electric furnace to test the ignition time of the printing paper. The test results are shown in Table 3. The results clearly show that potassium acetate can promote the combustion of printing paper (open flame appears).

[0135] In addition, coconut shell activated carbon with irregular particle length of about 2-3 mm was immersed in the sodium acetate solution of Example 5, and then pulled out to dry. The surface temperature of the stainless steel disc on the electric furnace was adjusted to about 300°C, and then the activated carbon particles coated with sodium acetate and the activated carbon particles not coated with sodium acetate were placed on the stainless steel disc to test their ignition time. The test results showed that the ignition time of the activated carbon coated with sodium acetate was 3 seconds, and the ignition time of the activated carbon not coated with sodium acetate was 32 seconds. It is obvious that sodium acetate promotes the combustion of the activated carbon (open flame appears). The research results show that the technology of promoting combustion disclosed by the present invention is applicable to a variety of combustibles.

[0136] Table 3 Ignition time of white printing paper coated and not coated with potassium acetate at different temperatures

[0137] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the combustion of combustibles and increasing the power output and service life of a combustion device, characterized in that: Alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements are added to combustibles; the material form of the combustibles includes at least one of gaseous, liquid and solid states; the alkali metal elements include one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, zirconium, cesium and francium; the alkaline earth metal elements include one or more of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The combustible material includes one or more of all combustible materials.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The combustibles include one or more of carbon, carbon-containing organic matter, ammonia, hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, sulfur, phosphorus or metals.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The added form of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element includes at least one of atoms, ions and plasma.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is added in the form of any substance containing the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements includes one or more of all simple substances, alloys, compounds or compositions containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, and the form of the substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements includes gas, liquid, solid or plasma.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The added amount of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is 0wt% to 100000.99999999999999999wt% of the combustible material, and is not 0.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The added amount of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is 0wt% to 90.99999999999999999wt% of the combustible material, and is not 0.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of adding alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles comprises at least one of method 1, method 2, method 3 or method 4; The first method comprises: adding a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to a combustible after stirring, ball milling, crushing, melting, electric sparking or plasma treatment, or mixing a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements with a non-combustible material and then adding the mixture to the combustible; The second method comprises: dissolving a substance containing an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element into a combustible; The third method comprises: mixing a substance containing an alkali metal element and / or an alkaline earth metal element with a solvent to obtain a solution, a suspension or a paste; adding the solution, the suspension or the paste to a combustible; The method four comprises: adding a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to a component of a combustion device; the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the component react with combustibles or non-combustibles to generate a substance containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, which is added to the combustibles, and the combustion device includes all types of combustion devices.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The components in the method four are made of materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, and the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements include one or more of polymers, ceramics or metals; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 99.990000000000wt%, and is not 0; the components include a combustion chamber or a piston in the combustion chamber, a piston connecting rod, a cylinder liner, a nozzle, a spark plug, a rotor, a blade, a bolt, a nut, a container or a pipeline for lubricating oil of the combustion chamber, a fuel container or a pipeline, a container or a pipeline for combustion-supporting substances, or one or more of a filter.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The combustion chamber or combustion chamber parts of the combustion device in method 4, the lubricating oil container inside the combustion chamber, the fuel container, the container of the combustion-supporting substance, the conveying pipeline or the filter are made of materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber parts include the combustion chamber, the piston in the combustion chamber, the piston connecting rod, the rotor or the blades; the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements include one or more of rubber, polymer-based composite materials, metals or alloys; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the alloy is 0.00000000001wt% to 99.99wt%.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The surface of the combustion chamber or combustion chamber component of the combustion device is provided with through holes, pits or protrusions. The through holes, pits or protrusions can be of any geometric shape. The distribution of the through holes, pits or protrusions is regular or irregular. The through holes or pits serve as reservoirs of substances containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to add substances containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements to combustibles, thereby preventing the lack of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the combustibles or fluctuations in the content during combustion; the through holes, pits or protrusions release different substances containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements into the combustibles, thereby adjusting the chemical composition or structure of the substances containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements at different spatial positions inside the combustion chamber, thereby further adjusting the combustion state of different spaces inside the combustion chamber, thereby further improving the combustion efficiency.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Substances containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, or combustibles containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements, or non-combustibles containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements are added to the fuel of the combustion device.

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The combustion device includes one or more of all combustion devices.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The combustion device includes all internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, piston engines, turbofan engines, turbojet engines, rocket engines, gas turbines, boilers, nuclear fusion reactors, nuclear fission reactors, fuel cells, stoves, heating stoves, ovens, thermoelectric conversion devices or heat-cold conversion devices.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The combustion device includes one or more of a primary combustion device or a secondary combustion device heated by the exhaust gas of a primary combustion device; the primary combustion device includes one or more of a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, a gas piston engine, a jet engine, a rocket engine, a gas turbine, a boiler and a thermoelectric conversion device; the secondary combustion device heated by the exhaust gas of a primary combustion device includes a boiler, an industrial kiln, a thermoelectric conversion device, a refrigeration device or a heat-to-cold conversion device.

17. A combustion device according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that: The components or parts of the combustion device are provided with through holes, pits or protrusions; the pits have protrusions or no protrusions; the arrangement of the pits or protrusions is regular or irregular; the pits or protrusions or through holes are of any geometric shape. The components include one or more of the combustion chamber or components in the combustion chamber.

18. The combustion device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the opening of the through hole, the opening of the pit or the bottom of the protrusion of the component is from 0.01 square nanometers to 1 square meter, and the depth of the pit or the height of the protrusion is from 0.1 nanometers to 100 millimeters.

19. The combustion device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The components or partial components of the combustion device are made of materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 99.990000000000wt%, and is not 0, and the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements include polymers, metals, or ceramics; the components include one or more of a combustion chamber or components inside the combustion chamber, a container or pipeline for lubricating oil of the combustion chamber, a fuel container or pipeline, a container or pipeline for combustion-supporting substances, or a filter.

20. A piston engine according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface of the cylinder of the piston engine has pits, the pits are of any geometric shape, there are or are not protrusions in the pits, and the arrangement of the pits is regular or irregular; the pit mouth surface area is from 0.01 square nanometers to 0.03 square meters, and the pit depth is from 0.1 nanometers to 50 millimeters.

21. The piston engine according to claim 20, characterized in that The outer surface of the cylinder is provided with pits or protrusions, the surface area of ​​the pit mouth or the bottom of the protrusion is from 0.01 square nanometers to 0.03 square meters, and the depth of the pit or the height of the protrusion is from 0.1 nanometers to 50 millimeters.

22. The piston engine according to claim 21, characterized in that The inner surface of the cylinder is provided with a groove and / or a blind hole, the width of the groove or the diameter of the blind hole is 0.001 micrometer to 10 millimeters, and the depth of the groove or the blind hole is 0.001 micrometer to 10 millimeters.

23. The piston engine according to claim 20, characterized in that The components or partial components of the engine are made of materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the content of alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements in the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 99.990000000000wt%, and is not 0, the materials containing alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements include polymers, metals, or ceramics, and the components include one or more of a combustion chamber or components inside the combustion chamber, a container or pipeline for lubricating oil of the combustion chamber, a fuel container or pipeline, a container or pipeline for combustion-supporting substances, or a filter.

24. The piston engine according to claim 20, characterized in that The piston engine may or may not include a liquid cooling system; the combustibles used by the piston engine may include one or more of gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, vegetable oil, animal oil, bioethanol, biomethanol, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, natural gas, acetylene, methane, liquefied petroleum gas, polymer-based carbon-containing organic matter, or plant-based carbon-containing organic matter.

25. The piston engine according to claim 20, characterized in that The piston engine has a liquid cooling system or does not have a liquid cooling system; the air intake system of the piston engine is naturally aspirated or high-pressure air intake; the engine includes an external forced lubrication system or does not include an external forced lubrication system.

26. A fuel capable of promoting the combustion of combustibles and increasing the power output and service life of a combustion device according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that: It includes combustibles and alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements; the mass of the alkali metal elements and / or alkaline earth metal elements is 0wt% to 100000.99999999999999999wt% of the mass of the combustibles, and is not 0; the fuel can enable the combustion device to start and operate efficiently in any environment, prevent explosion, output higher power and have a longer service life, and have higher mechanical reliability, and the fuel is used for all types of combustion devices.

27. The fuel according to claim 26, characterized in that The content of the alkali metal element and / or alkaline earth metal element is 0wt% to 90.99999999999999999wt% of the combustible material, and is not 0.

28. The fuel according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that The fuel includes all kinds of anti-explosion fuels, internal combustion engine fuels, external combustion engine fuels, piston engine fuels, mixed fuel engine fuels, mixed fuels, turbofan engine fuels, turbojet engine fuels, gas turbine fuels, boiler fuels, fuel cells fuels, nuclear fusion fuels, nuclear fission fuels, heating stove fuels, oven fuels, thermoelectric conversion device fuels or heat-cold conversion device fuels.

29. A high efficiency fuel energy conversion system according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a fuel and a combustion device; the fuel is the fuel described in any one of claims 26 to 28; the combustion device is the combustion device in the method described in any one of claims 14 to 16, or the combustion device described in any one of claims 17 to 19, or the piston engine described in any one of claims 20 to 25.

30. The system according to claim 29, characterized in that It also includes other energy conversion devices connected to the combustion device; the other energy conversion devices include at least one of refrigeration equipment, hot water boilers, steam boilers, industrial kilns, industrial ovens, thermoelectric conversion devices or generators driven by steam boilers.

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