Passive-tag management method, network function, and storage medium

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are a passive-tag management method, a network function, and a storage medium. The method is applied to a second cellular passive management function, and when the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function which serves a passive tag, the method comprises: receiving a passive Internet-of-Things instruction sent by a first network element for the passive tag; determining a visited network element which serves the passive tag; and forwarding the passive Internet-of-Things instruction to the passive tag by means of the visited network element.

Description

Passive tag management method, network function and storage medium

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311500599.0 filed in China on November 13, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular to a management method, network function and storage medium of a passive tag. Background Art

[0004] The salient feature of the passive IoT is that sensors using passive backscatter technology convert available wireless signals into energy for their own operation through internal wireless acquisition modules. Backscatter technology also enables information transmission to target nodes. Backscatter technology modulates the data to be transmitted onto the input radio frequency signal to achieve data transmission.

[0005] Cellular networks have good network coverage and high-quality communication performance. With the continuous optimization and innovation of cellular networks, combining cellular networks with passive Internet of Things systems can give full play to the advantages of cellular networks, achieve dense networking, suppress equipment interference, and enhance operation and maintenance management capabilities. At the same time, it can further improve communication distance and transmission reliability, becoming an important direction of passive Internet of Things technology development recognized by the industry.

[0006] There are two main potential air interface architectures for cellular passive systems. The first is direct communication between cellular base stations and tags. The base stations support both downlink signal excitation and uplink data reception, with low hardware deployment costs and suitable for large-scale outdoor deployment scenarios. The second is to use user equipment (UE) relays or other relays to transmit excitation signals and / or receive backscattered signals, which can meet the needs of regional passive tag fixed-point excitation, data aggregation, re-encryption, and unified reporting.

[0007] Roaming scenarios for the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) system include two scenarios: local breakout (Figure 1) and home routed (Figure 2). Current industry research on the integration of passive IoT and cellular networks is still in the scenario and demand research phase, and unified standards for cellular passive architecture and service processes have yet to be established. The industry is still developing a blank slate regarding cellular passive architecture in roaming scenarios, registration and management of passive tags / devices in roaming scenarios, and service processes for passive services in roaming scenarios. Without a cellular passive roaming architecture and process mechanism, it is impossible to provide corresponding cellular services when tags are roaming.

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] At least one embodiment of the present application provides a passive tag management method, network function, and storage medium, which are used to solve the tag management problem of passive tags in roaming scenarios.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0011] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a passive tag management method, which is applied to a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, the method comprising:

[0012] receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction for the passive tag sent by the first network element;

[0013] determining a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0014] The passive Internet of Things instruction is forwarded to the passive tag through the visited network element.

[0015] Optionally, the determining a visited network element serving the passive tag includes:

[0016] The visited network element serving the passive tag is determined according to pre-stored roaming tag registration information, wherein the roaming tag registration information includes a correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0017] Optionally, the visited network element includes at least one of the following: AMF, RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader.

[0018] Optionally, also include:

[0019] receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction response sent by the visited network element, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response is a response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0020] Send the passive Internet of Things command response to the first network element.

[0021] Optionally, the first network element is a first cellular passive management function, and the first cellular passive management function is a home location-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0022] The sending the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the first network element includes:

[0023] Determining the first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag according to roaming tag information, wherein the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function;

[0024] Send the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the first cellular passive management function.

[0025] Optionally, the first network element is a passive Internet of Things server that manages the passive tag; and the method further includes:

[0026] Determining, based on the roaming tag information, a first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag, where the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function;

[0027] Sending a first event registration message to the first cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of the passive Internet of Things instruction response;

[0028] A first event registration response message sent by the first cellular passive management function is received, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0029] Optionally, before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction, the method further includes:

[0030] Receive a tag registration request for a passive tag sent by a visited network element;

[0031] Determining, according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, a first cellular passive management function in the first network, where the first network is the home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0032] sending the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function;

[0033] Upon receiving a tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag is saved, and the tag registration success response is forwarded to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0034] Optionally, determining the first cellular passive management function in the first network according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request includes:

[0035] Obtaining information of the first network carried in the tag registration request;

[0036] In a case where the first network is different from a second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, a first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined.

[0037] Optionally, the tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

[0038] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a passive tag management method, which is applied to a first cellular passive management function, where the first cellular passive management function is a home cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the method includes:

[0039] Receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a passive Internet of Things server;

[0040] Determining a second cellular passive management function according to tag registration information, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between a tag identifier of a passive tag and a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function is the visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0041] Send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function.

[0042] Optionally, also include:

[0043] receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction response sent by the second cellular passive management function, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response is a response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0044] Sending the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0045] Optionally, before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction, the method further includes:

[0046] receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function;

[0047] Register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag registration is successful, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0048] Optionally, registering the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag includes:

[0049] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0050] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0051] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a passive tag management method, which is applied to a first cellular passive management function, where the first cellular passive management function is a home cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the method includes:

[0052] receiving a first event registration message sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of a passive Internet of Things instruction response message, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response message is a response message sent by the passive tag;

[0053] According to the first event registration message, service management and maintenance are performed, and a first event registration response message is sent to the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0054] Optionally, before receiving the first event registration message, the method further includes:

[0055] receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function;

[0056] Register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag registration is successful, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0057] Optionally, registering the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag includes:

[0058] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0059] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0060] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a passive tag management method, which is applied to a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, the method comprising:

[0061] receiving a tag registration request for a passive tag sent by a visited network element, where the visited network element is a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0062] Determining, according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, a first cellular passive management function in the first network, where the first network is the home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0063] sending the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function;

[0064] Upon receiving a tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag is established, and the tag registration success response is forwarded to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0065] Optionally, the visited network element includes at least one of the following: AMF, RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader.

[0066] Optionally, determining the first cellular passive management function in the first network according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request includes:

[0067] Obtaining information of the first network carried in the tag registration request;

[0068] In a case where the first network is different from a second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, a first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined.

[0069] Optionally, the tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

[0070] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a passive tag management method, which is applied to a first cellular passive management function, where the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the method includes:

[0071] receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0072] Register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag registration is successful, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0073] Optionally, registering the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag includes:

[0074] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0075] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0076] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second cellular passive management function, which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including a transceiver and a processor, wherein:

[0077] The transceiver is configured to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for the passive tag sent by the first network element;

[0078] The processor is configured to determine a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0079] The transceiver is further configured to forward the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the visited network element.

[0080] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second cellular passive management function, which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and runnable on the processor, and when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in any one of the first aspects are implemented.

[0081] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first cellular passive management function, which is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including a transceiver and a processor, wherein:

[0082] The transceiver is used to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a passive Internet of Things server;

[0083] The processor is configured to determine a second cellular passive management function based on tag registration information, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between a tag identifier of a passive tag and a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function is the visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0084] The transceiver is further used to send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function.

[0085] In the ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first cellular passive management function, which is the home location of the passive tag - the cellular passive management function, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and runnable on the processor, and when the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of the second aspects.

[0086] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first cellular passive management function, which is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including a transceiver and a processor, wherein:

[0087] The transceiver is configured to receive a first event registration message sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of a passive Internet of Things instruction response message, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response message is a response message sent by the passive tag;

[0088] The processor is configured to perform service management and maintenance according to the first event registration message, and send a first event registration response message to the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0089] In the eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first cellular passive management function, which is the home location of the passive tag - the cellular passive management function, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and runnable on the processor, and when the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of the third aspects.

[0090] In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second cellular passive management function, which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including a transceiver and a processor, wherein:

[0091] The transceiver is configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a visited network element, where the visited network element is a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0092] The processor is configured to determine a first cellular passive management function in the first network according to information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, where the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0093] The transceiver is further configured to send the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function;

[0094] The processor is further configured to, upon receiving a tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, establish roaming tag registration information of the passive tag, and forward the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0095] In the thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second cellular passive management function, which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and runnable on the processor, and when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in any one of the fourth aspects are implemented.

[0096] In a fourteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first cellular passive management function, which is a home-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including a transceiver and a processor, wherein:

[0097] The transceiver is configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0098] The processor is used to register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag registration is successful, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0099] In the fifteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first cellular passive management function, which is a home cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and runnable on the processor, and when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in any one of the fifth aspects are implemented.

[0100] In the sixteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described above are implemented.

[0101] Compared with related technologies, the passive tag management method, network function and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application realize the business process and registration process of passive tags in roaming scenarios, and solve the tag management problem of passive tags in roaming scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0102] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0103] FIG1 is an example diagram of a roaming scenario of a 5G system in the related art;

[0104] FIG2 is another example diagram of a roaming scenario of a 5G system in the related art;

[0105] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an interface architecture for a cellular passive roaming scenario;

[0106] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a service number architecture for a cellular passive roaming scenario;

[0107] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an interaction between a V-cellular passive management function and an H-cellular passive management function;

[0108] FIG6 is another schematic diagram of the interaction between the V-cellular passive management function and the H-cellular passive management function;

[0109] FIG7 is a flow chart of a method for managing passive tags according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0110] FIG8 is another flow chart of a method for managing passive tags according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0111] FIG9 is another flow chart of a method for managing passive tags according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0112] FIG10 is an example diagram of an interactive process of a passive tag management method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0113] FIG11 is another example diagram of an interactive process of a method for managing passive tags according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0114] FIG12 is another flow chart of a method for managing passive tags according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0115] FIG13 is another flow chart of a method for managing passive tags according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0116] FIG14 is another example diagram of an interactive process of a passive tag management method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0117] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cellular passive management function according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0118] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0119] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cellular passive management function according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0120] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0121] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0122] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0123] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0124] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0125] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0126] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0127] FIG25 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0128] FIG26 is a structural diagram of the first cellular passive management function according to another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0129] The following describes exemplary embodiments of the present application in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0130] The terms "first", "second" etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable in appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein, for example, can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, the process, method, system, product or equipment comprising a series of steps or units need not be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or that are intrinsic to these processes, methods, products or equipment. "And / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects.

[0131] The following description provides examples and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Various examples may appropriately omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components. For example, the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0132] The embodiment of the present application proposes a network architecture for a cellular passive roaming scenario in the fusion scenario of passive Internet of Things technology and cellular system, as well as processes such as registration of passive tags and execution of passive services based on the network architecture of this roaming scenario, so as to realize that the system provides network services based on roaming scenarios for passive tags and expand the application scenarios of cellular passive services.

[0133] The network architecture of the cellular passive roaming scenario is shown in Figures 3 and 4, where Figure 3 provides a schematic diagram of an interface-based architecture for the cellular passive roaming scenario, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a service number architecture for the cellular passive roaming scenario. The cellular passive management function is responsible for the connection and service management of passive devices (e.g., passive tags) in the cellular network, the visited location-cellular passive management function (V-cellular passive management function) is primarily responsible for the management of the roaming location of passive devices, and the home location-cellular passive management function (H-cellular passive management function) is primarily responsible for the management of the roaming location of passive devices. Through the interaction between the home location cellular passive management function and the visited location cellular passive management function, network registration and service management of passive tags in the roaming location are completed. The cellular passive management function of the home location and the cellular passive management function of the visited location can exchange passive tag information, including one or more of the following: tag identification information, tag registration / activation / registration information, tag contract information, tag status information, tag location information, tag corresponding exciter / receiver / reader, tag corresponding wireless access network (Radio Access Network, RAN), tag corresponding authentication management function (Authentication Management Function, AMF), etc., tag context information (including the tag's non-access layer (Non-Access Stratum, NAS) connection information, protocol data unit (Protocol Data Unit, PDU) session connection information, quality of service (Quality of Service, QoS) information, etc.), etc.

[0134] Please refer to Figures 5 and 6. In the embodiments of the present application, the visited-cellular passive management function and the home-cellular passive management function can interact directly through a specific interface. As shown in Figure 5, the visited-cellular passive management function and the home-cellular passive management function are directly connected. Alternatively, the visited-cellular passive management function and the home-cellular passive management function can interact through the Security and Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) function. For example, as shown in Figure 6, the visited-cellular passive management function and the home-cellular passive management function are not directly connected, but are connected through the visited SEPP (VSEPP) and the home SEPP (HSEPP). This embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0135] A passive tag management method provided in an embodiment of the present application is applied to a roaming scenario of a passive tag. Here, it is assumed that the passive tag roams from a first network (Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN)) to a second network (Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN)), and the first cellular passive management function in the first network is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function in the second network is the visited-cellular passive management function of the passive tag.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 7 , an embodiment of the present application provides a method for managing a passive tag. The method is applied to the second cellular passive management function and can implement a service process of the passive tag in a roaming scenario. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , the method includes the following steps:

[0137] Step 71: Receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a first network element.

[0138] Here, the second cellular passive management function receives a passive IoT instruction sent by a first network element. The first network element may be a first cellular passive management function, which is the home cellular passive management function of the passive tag. In this case, the first cellular passive management function receives a passive IoT instruction for the passive tag sent by a passive IoT server and forwards the passive IoT instruction to the second cellular passive management function. The passive IoT server is the server that manages the passive tag.

[0139] The first network element may also be a passive IoT server. In this case, the passive IoT server directly sends the passive IoT instruction to the second cellular passive management function. The passive IoT instruction typically includes tag identification information of the passive tag and service indication information. The service indication information is used to indicate the service that the passive tag needs to execute, such as a service identification.

[0140] Step 72: Determine the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0141] Here, after receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction for the passive tag, the second cellular passive management function determines the visited network element serving the passive tag, so as to send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the visited network element.

[0142] Specifically, the second cellular passive management function may determine a visited network element serving the passive tag based on pre-stored roaming tag registration information, wherein the roaming tag registration information includes a correspondence between a tag identifier of the passive tag and the visited network element serving the passive tag. The visited network element includes at least one of the following: an AMF, a RAN, a relay device, a tag reader / writer, etc.

[0143] Step 73: forward the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the visited network element.

[0144] Here, the second cellular passive management function forwards the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the visited network element. After receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction, the passive tag can execute corresponding services according to the passive Internet of Things instruction.

[0145] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application implements the service process of the passive tag in the roaming scenario.

[0146] In an embodiment of the present application, when executing the service process corresponding to the passive IoT instruction, the passive tag may generate a passive IoT instruction response (message) for the passive IoT instruction. In this case, the passive tag sends the passive IoT instruction response to the second cellular passive management function via the visited network element. In this way, the second cellular passive management function receives the passive IoT instruction response sent by the visited network element and sends the passive IoT instruction response to the first network element. The passive IoT instruction response may include information such as the tag identifier of the passive tag and the execution result of the service indicated by the passive IoT instruction.

[0147] For example, when the first network element is a first cellular passive management function, and the first cellular passive management function is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, after receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction response, the second cellular passive management function can determine the first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag based on roaming tag information, where the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function. Then, the second cellular passive management function sends the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the first cellular passive management function, thereby sending the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the passive Internet of Things server through the first cellular passive management function.

[0148] For another example, when the first network element is a passive Internet of Things server that manages the passive tag, the second cellular passive management function can directly send the passive Internet of Things command response to the passive Internet of Things server after receiving the passive Internet of Things command response.

[0149] In the case where the first network element is a passive Internet of Things server that manages the passive tag, in order to ensure that the first cellular passive management function implements the service maintenance and management function, in an embodiment of the present application, the second cellular passive management function can also determine the first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag based on roaming tag information. The first cellular passive management function is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag. The roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: the tag identifier of the passive tag, the correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function. Then, the second cellular passive management function sends a first event registration message to the first cellular passive management function. The first event registration message is used to request registration of the passive Internet of Things instruction response. Specifically, the first event registration message may include service information (such as service identifier, etc.) requested to be executed by the passive Internet of Things instruction and information such as service execution results.

[0150] In this way, after receiving the first event registration message, the first cellular passive management function can execute the corresponding event registration process, for example, perform service management and maintenance, such as statistics and billing, etc. Then, the first cellular passive management function sends a first event registration response message to the second cellular passive management function. The first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message, and is used to indicate the execution result corresponding to the first event registration message, for example, whether the service management and maintenance has been completed, etc. At this time, the second cellular passive management function receives the first event registration response message sent by the first cellular passive management function, and can thereby learn the execution result corresponding to the first event registration message.

[0151] In the embodiment of the present application, when the passive tag roams to the second network, the tag registration can be completed through the registration process. Before the above step 71, the embodiment of the present application can also include the following steps:

[0152] Step a: The second cellular passive management function receives a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a visited network element.

[0153] For example, when the tag repeater / reader needs to activate or inventory the passive tag in the second network, it sends a tag activation instruction or an inventory instruction to the passive tag. After receiving the above instruction, the passive tag sends a tag activation response or an inventory response message to the tag repeater / reader. The above tag activation response or inventory response message includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the information of the first network (such as the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) identifier). The first network is the home network of the passive tag. Optionally, the information of the first network can also be carried in a predefined field in the tag identifier of the passive tag.

[0154] In this way, the visited network element (visited network element) in the second network that serves the passive tag sends a tag registration request (also called a tag registration request) to the second cellular passive management function in the second network. The tag registration request carries the tag identifier of the passive tag and information about the first network. The second cellular passive management function then receives the tag registration request.

[0155] Step b: determining the first cellular passive management function in the first network according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, wherein the first network is the home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag.

[0156] Here, the second cellular passive management function can obtain the information of the first network carried by the tag registration request; then, when the first network is different from the second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, the first cellular passive management function in the first network is further determined.

[0157] Step c: sending the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function.

[0158] Here, the second cellular passive management function sends the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function to register the tag. After completing the registration of the passive tag according to the tag registration request, the first cellular passive management function sends a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function.

[0159] In step d, upon receiving the tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, the second cellular passive management function saves the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag, and forwards the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0160] Here, the tag registration success response may include at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, policy information, etc.

[0161] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application implements the registration process of the passive tag in the roaming scenario.

[0162] Referring to FIG8 , an embodiment of the present application provides a method for managing a passive tag. This method is applied to the first cellular passive management function, which is the home cellular passive management function of the passive tag. This method can implement a business process for passive tags in a roaming scenario. In this business process, the passive Internet of Things server sends a passive Internet of Things instruction to the visited cellular passive management function via the home cellular passive management function. Specifically, as shown in FIG8 , the method includes the following steps:

[0163] Step 81: Receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a passive Internet of Things server.

[0164] Here, the passive IoT server is a server that manages the passive tag. The first cellular passive management function receives the passive IoT instruction, which typically includes tag identification information of the passive tag and service indication information. The service indication information is used to indicate the service that the passive tag needs to perform, such as a service identification.

[0165] Step 82: Determine a second cellular passive management function based on the tag registration information, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function is the visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag.

[0166] Here, the first cellular passive management function determines the visited location-cellular passive management function (herein referred to as the second cellular passive management function) corresponding to the passive tag based on the tag identifier of the passive tag and pre-stored tag registration information. The tag registration information may be stored during the passive tag registration process.

[0167] Step 83: Send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function.

[0168] Here, the first cellular passive management function sends the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function, and then sends the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the network element in the second network to which the second cellular passive management function belongs, thereby realizing the business process of the passive tag in the roaming scenario.

[0169] Furthermore, after step 83, the first cellular passive management function may also receive a passive IoT command response sent by the second cellular passive management function, where the passive IoT command response is the passive tag's response to the passive IoT command, and then send the passive IoT command response to the passive IoT server. The passive IoT command response may include information such as the tag identifier of the passive tag and the execution result of the service indicated by the passive IoT command.

[0170] Similarly, before the above step 81, the registration of the passive tag roaming to the second network can be completed through the registration process. At this time, the above embodiment of the present application further includes the following steps:

[0171] Step A: receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function.

[0172] Here, after receiving the tag registration request for the passive tag sent by the visited network element in the second network, the second cellular passive management function determines the first cellular passive management function in the first network based on the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, and then sends the tag registration request for the passive tag to the first cellular passive management function.

[0173] Step B, registering the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag registration is successful, saving the tag registration information of the passive tag, and sending a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0174] Here, a specific method of tag registration may include: the first cellular passive management function sends a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag to request tag registration. After receiving a tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, the first cellular passive management function determines that the passive tag is successfully registered.

[0175] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application implements the registration process of the roaming tag.

[0176] Referring to FIG9 , an embodiment of the present application provides a method for managing a passive tag. This method is applied to the first cellular passive management function, which is the home cellular passive management function of the passive tag. This method can implement a business process for passive tags in a roaming scenario. In this business process, the passive IoT server directly sends a passive IoT instruction to the visited cellular passive management function. Specifically, as shown in FIG9 , the method includes the following steps:

[0177] Step 91: The first cellular passive management function receives a first event registration message sent by the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of a passive Internet of Things instruction response message, which is a response message sent by the passive tag.

[0178] Step 92: The first cellular passive management function performs service management and maintenance according to the first event registration message, and sends a first event registration response message to the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0179] The first event registration message may include information such as the service information (such as the service identifier, etc.) requested to be executed by the passive Internet of Things instruction and information such as the service execution result. After receiving the first event registration message, the first cellular passive management function may execute the corresponding event registration process, for example, perform service management and maintenance, such as statistical billing, etc. Then, the first cellular passive management function sends a first event registration response message to the second cellular passive management function. The first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message, and is used to indicate the execution result corresponding to the first event registration message, for example, whether the service management and maintenance has been completed. At this time, the second cellular passive management function receives the first event registration response message sent by the first cellular passive management function, and can thereby learn the execution result corresponding to the first event registration message.

[0180] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application can complete the registration of the passive Internet of Things instruction response message in the scenario where the passive Internet of Things server directly sends the passive Internet of Things instruction to the visited cellular passive management function.

[0181] In an embodiment of the present application, before receiving the first event registration message, the first cellular passive management function may also receive a tag registration request for a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function. Then, the first cellular passive management function registers the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag registration is successful, saves the tag registration information of the passive tag and sends a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes a corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0182] Among them, registering the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag may specifically include: the first cellular passive management function sends a tag registration request of the passive tag to the unified data management UDM function in the home network of the passive tag; and after receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, determining that the passive tag is successfully registered.

[0183] The above describes the service method of the passive tag in the embodiment of the present application from the perspectives of the first and second cellular passive management functions. The following further describes the above method through an example of the interaction of the service process of the passive tag between devices / network elements.

[0184] Example 1:

[0185] In this example, the passive IoT server sends a passive IoT instruction for the first tag to the visited cellular passive management function (V-cellular passive management function) through the home cellular passive management function (H-cellular passive management function). As shown in Figure 10, this example includes the following steps:

[0186] In step 1001, the passive IoT server sends a passive IoT instruction to the cellular passive management function (i.e., home location-cellular passive management function) of the PLMN to which the passive tag (hereinafter referred to as the passive tag) belongs. That is, the passive IoT server sends the passive IoT instruction to the cellular passive management function, which can be processed and forwarded to the cellular passive management function by the Network Equipment Functions (NEF). The method by which the passive IoT server determines which cellular passive management function to send the message to is to configure the cellular passive management function identifier (such as a fully qualified domain name (FQDN), Internet Protocol (IP) address, etc.) of the service on the passive IoT server, or to configure the cellular passive management function identifier (such as FQDN, IP address, etc.) information on the NEF, and the NEF determines how to forward the message to the cellular passive management function. The method by which the passive IoT server determines which NEF to send the message to can be implemented through tunnel binding, identifier binding, etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0187] Step 1002: The home location-cellular passive management function determines the visited location-cellular passive management function currently served by the tag based on the tag information obtained in step 1001 and information in the tag registration flow.

[0188] Step 1003: The home location-cellular passive management function sends a passive Internet of Things instruction to the visited location-cellular passive management function.

[0189] Step 1004: The visited location-cellular passive management function determines the AMF, RAN, or relay device / reader of the service tag based on the roaming tag registration information.

[0190] Step 1005: The visited location-cellular passive management function sends a passive IoT command to the AMF. This includes operations such as inventory, positioning, and read / write. The passive IoT command may carry one or more of the AMF identifier, the RAN identifier, and the repeater / reader identifier.

[0191] Step 1006: The AMF sends an inventory command to the corresponding RAN based on the passive IoT instruction received from the cellular passive management function. The AMF can obtain the RAN identifier from the instruction message in the cellular passive management function to confirm the RAN to which the inventory command should be sent.

[0192] Step 1007: RAN may send a passive IoT instruction to a repeater / reader within its service range or coverage. When RAN does not need an activator to send a passive IoT instruction to a tag, RAN may send the passive IoT instruction to the tag itself. When RAN does not need an activator to send an excitation signal to the tag, RAN may send the excitation signal to the tag itself.

[0193] Step 1008: The repeater / reader sends an excitation signal and a passive IoT instruction to the tag.

[0194] Step 1009: The tag replies with a passive IoT response to the repeater / reader.

[0195] Step 1010: The repeater / reader sends a tag reply passive IoT response to the RAN. In the case of an exciter, the passive IoT response can be sent to the RAN via the exciter or directly to the RAN without going through the exciter.

[0196] Step 1011: RAN sends a tag passive IoT response to AMF.

[0197] Step 1012: The AMF sends a passive IoT response message to the visited-cellular passive management function. The message carries the RAN identifier, the AMF identifier, and the tag identifier.

[0198] Step 1013: The visited location-cellular passive management function determines the H-cellular passive management function according to the roaming tag information.

[0199] Step 1014: The visited location-cellular passive management function sends a passive Internet of Things response message to the home location-cellular passive management function.

[0200] Step 1015: The home-cellular passive management function sends a passive Internet of Things command response to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0201] Example 2:

[0202] In this example, the passive IoT server directly sends a passive IoT instruction for the first tag to the visited cellular passive management function (V-cellular passive management function). As shown in Figure 11, this example includes the following steps:

[0203] Step 1101, the passive Internet of Things server sends a passive Internet of Things instruction to the visited location of the service tag - the cellular passive management function according to step 1414 or step 1415 in the registration process shown in Example 3 below. That is, the passive Internet of Things server sends a passive Internet of Things instruction to the cellular passive management function, which can be forwarded to the cellular passive management function through NEF processing. The method for the passive Internet of Things server to determine which cellular passive management function the message is sent to is to configure the cellular passive management function identifier (such as FQDN, IP address, etc.) of the service on the passive Internet of Things server, or to configure the cellular passive management function identifier (such as FQDN, IP address, etc.) information in the NEF, and the NEF determines how to forward it to the cellular passive management function. The method for the passive Internet of Things server to determine which NEF the message is sent to can be achieved through tunnel binding, identifier binding, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0204] Step 1102: The visited location-cellular passive management function determines the AMF, RAN, or relay device / reader of the service tag based on the roaming tag registration information.

[0205] Step 1103: The visited location-cellular passive management function sends a passive IoT command to the AMF. This includes operations such as inventory, positioning, and read / write. The passive IoT command may carry one or more of the AMF identifier, the RAN identifier, and the repeater / reader identifier.

[0206] Step 1104: The AMF sends an inventory command to the corresponding RAN based on the passive IoT instruction received from the cellular passive management function. The AMF can obtain the RAN identifier from the instruction message in the cellular passive management function to confirm the RAN to which the inventory command should be sent.

[0207] Step 1105: RAN may send a passive IoT instruction to a repeater / reader within its service range or coverage. When RAN does not need an activator to send a passive IoT instruction to a tag, RAN may send the passive IoT instruction to the tag itself. When RAN does not need an activator to send an excitation signal to the tag, RAN may send the excitation signal to the tag itself.

[0208] Step 1106: The repeater / reader sends an excitation signal and a passive IoT instruction to the tag.

[0209] Step 1107: The tag replies with a passive IoT response to the repeater / reader.

[0210] Step 1108: The repeater / reader sends the tag reply passive IoT response to the RAN. In the scenario where an exciter is present, the passive IoT response can be sent to the RAN via the exciter or directly to the RAN without going through the exciter.

[0211] Step 1109: RAN sends a tag passive IoT response to AMF.

[0212] Step 1110: The AMF sends a passive IoT response message to the visited-cellular passive management function. The message carries the RAN identifier, the AMF identifier, and the tag identifier.

[0213] Step 1111: The visited location-cellular passive management function determines the home location-cellular passive management function according to the roaming tag information.

[0214] Step 1112: The visited location-cellular passive management function sends a passive IoT response event registration message to the home location-cellular passive management function based on the event subscription message in step 1410 of the registration process shown in Example 3 below, for service management and maintenance, such as statistics and billing.

[0215] Step 1113: The visited location-cellular passive management function sends a passive Internet of Things response event registration response message to the home location-cellular passive management function.

[0216] Step 1114: The visited location-cellular passive management function sends a passive Internet of Things instruction response to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0217] Referring to Figure 12, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for managing passive tags in a roaming scenario of passive tags. Here, it is assumed that the passive tag roams from a first network (home network HPLMN) to a second network (visited network VPLMN). The first cellular passive management function in the first network is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function in the second network is the visited-cellular passive management function of the passive tag. This method can implement the tag registration process of the passive tag in a roaming scenario. Specifically, as shown in Figure 12, the method is applied to the second cellular passive management function, and includes the following steps:

[0218] Step 1201: Receive a tag registration request for a passive tag sent by a visited network element, where the visited network element is a visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0219] Here, the visited network element includes at least one of the following: AMF, RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader. The tag registration request of the passive tag may carry the tag identifier of the passive tag and information of the first network (such as PLMN identifier).

[0220] Step 1202: Determine the first cellular passive management function in the first network according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, wherein the first network is the home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag.

[0221] Here, the second cellular passive management function obtains the first network information carried in the tag registration request, and then determines whether the first network element and the second network to which the second cellular passive management function belongs are the same network. If the first network is different from the second network to which the visited location-cellular passive management function belongs, the first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined. The first cellular passive management function in the first network may be pre-stored in the second cellular passive management function.

[0222] Step 1203: Send the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function.

[0223] Step 1204: upon receiving the tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, establish the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag, and forward the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0224] Here, the tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

[0225] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application implements the registration process of the passive tag in the roaming scenario.

[0226] Please refer to Figure 13. An embodiment of the present application provides a method for managing passive tags in a roaming scenario of passive tags. Here, it is assumed that the passive tag roams from a first network (home network HPLMN) to a second network (visited network VPLMN), and the first cellular passive management function in the first network is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function in the second network is the visited-cellular passive management function of the passive tag. This method can implement the tag registration process of the passive tag in a roaming scenario. Specifically, as shown in Figure 13, the method is applied to the first cellular passive management function, and includes the following steps:

[0227] Step 1301: The first cellular passive management function receives a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag.

[0228] In step 1302, the first cellular passive management function registers the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the registration of the passive tag is successful, saves the tag registration information of the passive tag, and sends a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0229] Here, the first cellular passive management function registers the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, specifically including: the first cellular passive management function sends a tag registration request of the passive tag to the unified data management UDM function in the home network of the passive tag; after receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag is successfully registered.

[0230] Through the above steps, the embodiment of the present application implements the registration process of the passive tag in the roaming scenario.

[0231] The above describes the registration process of the passive tag in the embodiment of the present application from the perspectives of the first and second cellular passive management functions. The following further describes the above method through an example of the interaction of the registration process of the passive tag between devices / network elements.

[0232] Example 3:

[0233] In this example, the passive IoT server sends a passive IoT instruction for the first tag to the visited cellular passive management function (V-cellular passive management function) through the home cellular passive management function (H-cellular passive management function). As shown in Figure 14, this example includes the following steps:

[0234] Step 1401: The repeater / reader initiates a tag activation instruction / inventory instruction to the tag. The repeater / reader can select a specific intermediate device (such as a UE, relay device, etc.) within its service range as an activator; or use an activator fixedly deployed for tags in this area as an activator for periodic tag management; or the repeater / reader itself acts as an activator, i.e., the repeater / reader performs both the roles of reader and activator. The specific selection of the activator is not limited in this application. Step 1401 can be repeated multiple times to ensure the success rate of the inventory.

[0235] Step 1402, the tag sends a tag activation response / inventory response to the repeater / reader / writer according to the tag activation instruction / inventory instruction. If the tag receives a tag activation instruction, that is, an inventory instruction of a non-existing passive system, the tag can carry one or more of the tag identification information (including one or more of the following: temporary identification, permanent identification, global unique identification, etc.), tag type (such as manufacturer, product type, mobile type, etc.), and tag characteristics (such as high mobility, low mobility, fixed) in the response message. If the tag receives a tag inventory instruction, that is, an inventory instruction of an existing passive system, the tag can carry tag identification information (including one or more of the following: temporary identification, permanent identification, global unique identification, etc.) in the response message. The tag (Identifier, ID) information carries a PLMN identifier, which is used to determine the operator information signed by the tag.

[0236] Step 1403: After receiving the tag activation response / inventory response, the repeater / reader initiates a network registration request for the tag. The repeater / reader can initiate a network registration request for a single tag or for multiple tags. When initiating network registration requests for multiple tags, it can be done in the same registration message or in different registration messages. The registration request message is a NAS message sent by the repeater / reader to the cellular network. In the 5G system, it needs to be sent to the AMF network element through the access network device's access network (AN) message. In this step, the repeater / reader sends an AN message to the access network device. The AN message includes one or more of the following information: NAS registration request message, passive tag registration indication information, tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, repeater / reader identification, etc. One or more of the following information: passive tag registration indication information, tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, repeater / reader identification, etc. can also be carried in the NAS registration request message at the same time. At the same time, the NAS registration request message can also carry the passive IoT server identification information (including FQDN, IP address, tunnel ID, etc.).

[0237] In this step, after receiving the AN message, the access network device RAN forwards the NAS registration request message to the AMF network element. The message carries one or more of the following information: passive tag registration indication information, tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, repeater / reader identification, and passive IoT server identification.

[0238] Step 1404: The AMF determines, based on the tag ID information, that the tag is registered in the roaming location, triggering step 1405.

[0239] Step 1405: AMF sends a tag registration request message to the visited-cellular passive management function. The message carries one or more of the following information: access network identification information, AMF identification information, passive tag registration indication information, tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, etc.

[0240] Step 1406: The visited location-cellular passive management function determines that the tag is registered in the roaming location based on the tag information in the tag registration request information sent by the AMF, and sends a tag registration request information to the home location-cellular passive management function.

[0241] Step 1407: The home-cellular passive management function sends a tag registration request message to the UDM, which carries one or more of the following information: the visited PLMN identifier of the tag, passive tag registration indication information, tag identifier information, tag type, tag characteristics, etc.

[0242] In step 1408, the home-UDM determines whether the tag can be registered based on the tag information in the tag registration request message sent by the home-cellular passive management function. If the UDM authentication fails, the home-cellular passive management function is sent a registration rejection response. If the UDM authentication passes, the home-cellular passive management function is sent a registration success response. The tag registration response message carries one or more of the following information: event subscription, tag contract information, and tag-related policies.

[0243] Step 1409: The home location-cellular passive management function maintains tag registration information, including a correspondence between the tag and the visited location-cellular passive management function.

[0244] Step 1410: The home location-cellular passive management function sends a tag registration response to the visited location-cellular passive management function, including event subscription, tag contract information, tag corresponding policy, etc.

[0245] Step 1411: The visited location-cellular passive management function maintains the roaming tag registration information, including the correspondence between the tag and the AMF, RAN, relay equipment (including reader, exciter, etc.).

[0246] Step 1412: The visited-site-cellular passive management function sends a tag registration response to the AMF. Tag registration is used for the tag to register its status information with the cellular passive management function. The visited-site-cellular passive management function maintains the tag status through operations such as periodic inventory checks.

[0247] Step 1413: The AMF sends a Tag Registration Request Response message to the repeater / reader. The message may be forwarded via the RAN.

[0248] Step 1414: After receiving the successful registration response message in step 1413, the repeater / reader actively pushes tag activation information to the server, including tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, and one or more of the visited location-cellular passive management function identification information.

[0249] In step 1415, or as another possibility of step 1414, the home cellular passive management function actively pushes tag activation information to the passive IoT server based on the passive IoT server identifier obtained in step 1406, including tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, and one or more of the visited location-cellular passive management function identification information.

[0250] The above describes various methods of the embodiments of the present application. The following further provides apparatuses for implementing the above methods.

[0251] Referring to FIG. 15 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a second cellular passive management function, which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including:

[0252] The first receiving module 1501 is configured to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a first network element;

[0253] A first determining module 1502 is configured to determine a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0254] The first sending module 1503 is configured to forward the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the visited network element.

[0255] Optionally, the first determining module is further configured to:

[0256] The visited network element serving the passive tag is determined according to pre-stored roaming tag registration information, wherein the roaming tag registration information includes a correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0257] Optionally, the visited network element includes at least one of the following: AMF, RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader.

[0258] Optionally, the second cellular passive management function further includes:

[0259] A second receiving module is configured to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction response sent by the visited network element, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response is a response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0260] The second sending module is used to send the passive Internet of Things command response to the first network element.

[0261] Optionally, the first network element is a first cellular passive management function, and the first cellular passive management function is a home location-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0262] The second sending module is further configured to:

[0263] Determining the first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag according to roaming tag information, wherein the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function;

[0264] Send the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the first cellular passive management function.

[0265] Optionally, the first network element is a passive Internet of Things server that manages the passive tag; and the second cellular passive management function further includes:

[0266] A second determining module is configured to determine, based on the roaming tag information, a first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag, where the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function;

[0267] A third sending module is used to send a first event registration message to the first cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of the passive Internet of Things instruction response;

[0268] The third receiving module is configured to receive a first event registration response message sent by the first cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0269] Optionally, the second cellular passive management function further includes:

[0270] a fourth receiving module, configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a visited network element before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0271] a third determining module, configured to determine, based on information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, a first cellular passive management function in the first network, where the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0272] a fourth sending module, configured to send the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function;

[0273] The fifth sending module is used to save the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag when receiving the tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, and forward the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0274] Optionally, the third determining module is further configured to:

[0275] Obtaining information of the first network carried in the tag registration request;

[0276] In a case where the first network is different from a second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, a first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined.

[0277] Optionally, the tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

[0278] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method for applying the second cellular passive management function shown in Figure 7 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0279] Referring to FIG16 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a second cellular passive management function 800 , which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including: a transceiver 1601 and a processor 1602 ;

[0280] The transceiver 1601 is configured to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a first network element;

[0281] The processor 1602 is configured to determine a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0282] The transceiver 1601 is further configured to forward the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the visited network element.

[0283] Optionally, the processor is further used to determine the visited network element serving the passive tag based on pre-saved roaming tag registration information, wherein the roaming tag registration information includes the correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0284] Optionally, the visited network element includes at least one of the following: AMF, RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader.

[0285] Optionally, the transceiver 1601 is also used to receive a passive Internet of Things command response sent by the visited network element, where the passive Internet of Things command response is the response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things command; and send the passive Internet of Things command response to the first network element.

[0286] Optionally, the first network element is a first cellular passive management function, and the first cellular passive management function is a home location-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0287] The transceiver is further used to determine the first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag based on roaming tag information, where the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, a correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function; and send the passive Internet of Things command response to the first cellular passive management function.

[0288] Optionally, the first network element is a passive Internet of Things server that manages the passive tag;

[0289] The processor is further configured to determine, based on the roaming tag information, a first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag, where the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a correspondence between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function;

[0290] The transceiver is also used to send a first event registration message to the first cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of the passive Internet of Things instruction response; and receive a first event registration response message sent by the first cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0291] Optionally, the transceiver is further configured to receive a tag registration request for a passive tag sent by a visited network element before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0292] The processor is further configured to determine, based on information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, a first cellular passive management function in the first network, where the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0293] The transceiver is further configured to send the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function;

[0294] The processor is further configured to, upon receiving a tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, save the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag, and forward the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0295] Optionally, the processor is further configured to:

[0296] Obtaining information of the first network carried in the tag registration request;

[0297] In a case where the first network is different from a second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, a first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined.

[0298] Optionally, the tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

[0299] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method for applying the two-cell passive management function shown in Figure 7 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0300] Referring to FIG. 17 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a first cellular passive management function, which is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including:

[0301] The first receiving module 1701 is configured to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a passive Internet of Things server;

[0302] A first determining module 1702 is configured to determine a second cellular passive management function based on tag registration information, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between a tag identifier of a passive tag and a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function is the visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0303] The first sending module 1703 is configured to send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function.

[0304] Optionally, the first cellular passive management function further includes:

[0305] A second receiving module is configured to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction response sent by the second cellular passive management function, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response is a response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0306] The second sending module is used to send the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0307] Optionally, the first cellular passive management function further includes:

[0308] A third receiving module is configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0309] The third sending module is used to register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag is successfully registered, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0310] Optionally, the third sending module is further configured to:

[0311] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0312] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0313] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method applied to the first cellular passive management function shown in Figure 16 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0314] Referring to FIG18 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a first cellular passive management function 1800 , which is a home location-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including: a transceiver 1801 and a processor 1802 ;

[0315] The transceiver 1801 is used to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a passive Internet of Things server;

[0316] The processor 1802 is configured to determine a second cellular passive management function based on tag registration information, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between a tag identifier of a passive tag and a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function is the visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0317] The transceiver 1801 is further configured to send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function.

[0318] Optionally, the transceiver 1801 is further configured to:

[0319] receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction response sent by the second cellular passive management function, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response is a response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things instruction;

[0320] Sending the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the passive Internet of Things server.

[0321] Optionally, the transceiver 1801 is further configured to:

[0322] Before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction, receiving a tag registration request of the passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function;

[0323] Registering the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and saving tag registration information of the passive tag if the registration of the passive tag is successful;

[0324] A tag registration success response is sent to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0325] Optionally, the transceiver 1801 is further configured to:

[0326] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0327] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0328] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method applied to the first cellular passive management function shown in Figure 16 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0329] Referring to FIG. 19 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a first cellular passive management function, which is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including:

[0330] A first receiving module 1901 is configured to receive a first event registration message sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of a passive Internet of Things instruction response message, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response message is a response message sent by the passive tag;

[0331] The first sending module 1902 is used to perform service management and maintenance according to the first event registration message, and send a first event registration response message to the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0332] Optionally, the first cellular passive management function further includes:

[0333] A second receiving module is configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function before receiving the first event registration message;

[0334] The second sending module is used to register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and when the passive tag is successfully registered, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0335] Optionally, the second sending module is further configured to:

[0336] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0337] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0338] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method applied to the first cellular passive management function shown in Figure 19 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiment in this embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0339] Referring to FIG20 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a first cellular passive management function 2000 , which is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including: a transceiver 2001 and a processor 2002 ;

[0340] The transceiver 2001 is configured to receive a first event registration message sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of a passive Internet of Things instruction response message, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response message is a response message sent by the passive tag;

[0341] The processor 2002 is configured to perform service management and maintenance according to the first event registration message, and send a first event registration response message to the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

[0342] Optionally, the transceiver is further used to:

[0343] Before receiving the first event registration message, receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function;

[0344] Register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and if the passive tag registration is successful, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0345] Optionally, the transceiver is further used to:

[0346] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0347] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0348] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method applied to the first cellular passive management function shown in Figure 19 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiment in this embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0349] Referring to FIG. 21 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a second cellular passive management function, which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including:

[0350] A first receiving module 2101 is configured to receive a tag registration request for a passive tag sent by a visited network element, where the visited network element is a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0351] A first determining module 2102 is configured to determine a first cellular passive management function in the first network according to information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, where the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0352] A first sending module 2103 is configured to send the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function;

[0353] The second sending module 2104 is used to establish the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag upon receiving the tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, and forward the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0354] Optionally, the visited network element includes at least one of the following: AMF, RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader.

[0355] Optionally, the first determining module is further configured to:

[0356] Obtaining information of the first network carried in the tag registration request;

[0357] In a case where the first network is different from a second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, a first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined.

[0358] Optionally, the tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

[0359] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method for applying the second cellular passive management function shown in Figure 12 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0360] Referring to FIG. 22 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a second cellular passive management function 2200 , which is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, including: a transceiver 2201 and a processor 2202 ;

[0361] The transceiver 2201 is configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a visited network element, where the visited network element is a visited network element serving the passive tag;

[0362] The processor 2202 is configured to determine a first cellular passive management function in the first network according to information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, where the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag;

[0363] The transceiver 2201 is further configured to send the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function;

[0364] The processor 2202 is further configured to establish roaming tag registration information of the passive tag upon receiving a tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function;

[0365] The transceiver 2201 is further configured to forward the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

[0366] Optionally, the visited network element includes at least one of the following: AMF, RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader.

[0367] Optionally, the processor 2202 is further used to obtain information of the first network carried by the tag registration request; when the first network is different from the second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, determine the first cellular passive management function in the first network.

[0368] Optionally, the tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

[0369] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method for applying the second cellular passive management function shown in Figure 12 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0370] Referring to FIG. 23 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a first cellular passive management function, which is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including:

[0371] A first receiving module 2301 is configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0372] The saving module 2302 is configured to register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag and save the tag registration information of the passive tag if the registration of the passive tag is successful;

[0373] The first sending module 2303 is configured to send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0374] Optionally, the storage module is further configured to:

[0375] Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag;

[0376] After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag registration is successful.

[0377] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method applied to the first cellular passive management function shown in Figure 13 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0378] Referring to FIG. 24 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a first cellular passive management function 2400 , which is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, including: a transceiver 2401 and a processor 2402 ;

[0379] The transceiver 2401 is configured to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag;

[0380] The processor is configured to register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and save the tag registration information of the passive tag if the registration of the passive tag is successful;

[0381] The transceiver 2401 is further configured to send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

[0382] Optionally, the processor is further configured to send a tag registration request for the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in the home network of the passive tag; and determine that the passive tag is successfully registered after receiving a tag registration success response sent by the UDM function.

[0383] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is a device corresponding to the method applied to the first cellular passive management function shown in Figure 13 above. The implementation methods in the above embodiments are all applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effects. The above-mentioned device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0384] Please refer to Figure 25. An embodiment of the present application also provides a second cellular passive management function 2500, including a processor 2501, a memory 2502, and a computer program stored in the memory 2502 and executable on the processor 2501. When the computer program is executed by the processor 2501, the computer program implements the various processes of the above-mentioned passive tag management method embodiment executed by the second cellular passive management function, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0385] Please refer to Figure 26. An embodiment of the present application also provides a first cellular passive management function 2600, including a processor 2601, a memory 2602, and a computer program stored in the memory 2602 and executable on the processor 2601. When the computer program is executed by the processor 2601, the computer program implements the various processes of the above-mentioned passive tag management method embodiment executed by the first cellular passive management function, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0386] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the various processes of the above-mentioned passive tag management method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, the details are not repeated here. The computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0387] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0388] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, and of course can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0389] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A passive tag management method, applied to a first cellular passive management function, the first cellular passive management function is a home cellular passive management function of the passive tag, the method comprising: Receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a passive Internet of Things server; Determine a second cellular passive management function according to tag registration information, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between a tag identifier of a passive tag and a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function is a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag; Send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction response sent by the second cellular passive management function, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response is a response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things instruction; The passive Internet of Things instruction response is sent to the passive Internet of Things server.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction, the method further includes: receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function; The passive tag is registered in the home network of the passive tag, and when the passive tag is successfully registered, the tag registration information of the passive tag is saved, and a tag registration success response is sent to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes a corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: Registering the passive tag in a home network of the passive tag includes: Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag; After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag is successfully registered.

5. A passive tag management method, applied to a first cellular passive management function, the first cellular passive management function is a home cellular passive management function of the passive tag, the method comprising: Receive a first event registration message sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of a passive Internet of Things instruction response message, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response message is a response message sent by the passive tag; According to the first event registration message, service management and maintenance are performed, and a first event registration response message is sent to the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: Before receiving the first event registration message, the method further includes: receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by the second cellular passive management function; The passive tag is registered in the home network of the passive tag, and when the passive tag is successfully registered, the tag registration information of the passive tag is saved, and a tag registration success response is sent to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes a corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: Registering the passive tag in a home network of the passive tag includes: Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag; After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag is successfully registered.

8. A passive tag management method, applied to a second cellular passive management function, wherein the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, the method comprising: Receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by the first network element; Determining a visited network element serving the passive tag; The passive Internet of Things instruction is forwarded to the passive tag through the visited network element.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The determining of a visited network element serving the passive tag includes: The visited network element serving the passive tag is determined according to the pre-stored roaming tag registration information, wherein the roaming tag registration information includes a correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the visited network element serving the passive tag.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The visited network element includes at least one of the following: access and mobility management function AMF, radio access network RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader / writer.

11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: receiving a passive Internet of Things instruction response sent by the visited network element, wherein the passive Internet of Things instruction response is a response of the passive tag to the passive Internet of Things instruction; Send the passive Internet of Things command response to the first network element.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The first network element is a first cellular passive management function, and the first cellular passive management function is a home location-cellular passive management function of the passive tag; The sending the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the first network element includes: Determine the first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag according to the roaming tag information, wherein the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a corresponding relationship between the passive tag and the home location-cellular passive management function; Send the passive Internet of Things instruction response to the first cellular passive management function.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The first network element is a passive Internet of Things server that manages the passive tag; the method further includes: Determine, according to the roaming tag information, a first cellular passive management function corresponding to the passive tag, wherein the first cellular passive management function is the home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag, and the roaming tag information includes at least one of the following: a tag identifier of the passive tag, and a corresponding relationship between the passive tag and the home-cellular passive management function; Sending a first event registration message to the first cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of the passive Internet of Things instruction response; A first event registration response message sent by the first cellular passive management function is received, where the first event registration response message is a response message of the first event registration message.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein: Before receiving the passive Internet of Things instruction, the method further includes: receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a visited network element; Determine, according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, a first cellular passive management function in the first network, wherein the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag; Sending the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function; Upon receiving a successful tag registration response sent by the first cellular passive management function, the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag is saved, and the successful tag registration response is forwarded to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: Determining a first cellular passive management function in the first network according to information of the first network carried in the tag registration request includes: Obtaining information of the first network carried in the tag registration request; In case the first network is different from a second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, a first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

17. A passive tag management method, applied to a first cellular passive management function, wherein the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, the method comprising: receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag; The passive tag is registered in the home network of the passive tag, and when the passive tag is successfully registered, the tag registration information of the passive tag is saved, and a tag registration success response is sent to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes a corresponding relationship between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein: Registering the passive tag in a home network of the passive tag includes: Sending a tag registration request of the passive tag to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network of the passive tag; After receiving the tag registration success response sent by the UDM function, it is determined that the passive tag is successfully registered.

19. A passive tag management method, applied to a second cellular passive management function, wherein the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, the method comprising: receiving a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a visited network element, where the visited network element is a visited network element serving the passive tag; Determine, according to the information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, a first cellular passive management function in the first network, wherein the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag; Sending the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function; Upon receiving a successful tag registration response sent by the first cellular passive management function, roaming tag registration information of the passive tag is established, and the successful tag registration response is forwarded to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein: The visited network element includes at least one of the following: access and mobility management function AMF, radio access network RAN, relay equipment, and tag reader / writer.

21. The method according to claim 19, wherein: Determining a first cellular passive management function in the first network according to information of the first network carried in the tag registration request includes: Obtaining information of the first network carried in the tag registration request; In case the first network is different from a second network to which the visited-cellular passive management function belongs, a first cellular passive management function in the first network is determined.

22. The method according to claim 19, wherein: The tag registration success response includes at least one of the following information: event subscription information, tag contract information, and policy information.

23. A first cellular passive management function, the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, comprising a transceiver and a processor, wherein: The transceiver is used to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by a passive Internet of Things server; The processor is used to determine a second cellular passive management function according to tag registration information, wherein the tag registration information includes a correspondence between a tag identifier of a passive tag and a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, and the second cellular passive management function is a visited location-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag; The transceiver is also used to send the passive Internet of Things instruction to the second cellular passive management function.

24. A first cellular passive management function, wherein the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, comprising: A processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 when executed by the processor.

25. A first cellular passive management function, the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, comprising a transceiver and a processor, wherein: The transceiver is used to receive a first event registration message sent by the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration message is used to request registration of a passive Internet of Things instruction response message, where the passive Internet of Things instruction response message is a response message sent by the passive tag; The processor is used to perform service management and maintenance according to the first event registration message, and send a first event registration response message to the second cellular passive management function, where the first event registration response message is a response message to the first event registration message.

26. A first cellular passive management function, wherein the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of a passive tag, comprising: A processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 are implemented.

27. A second cellular passive management function, the second cellular passive management function is a visited-to-cellular passive management function serving a passive tag, comprising a transceiver and a processor, wherein: The transceiver is used to receive a passive Internet of Things instruction for a passive tag sent by the first network element; The processor is configured to determine a visited network element serving the passive tag; The transceiver is also used to forward the passive Internet of Things instruction to the passive tag through the visited network element.

28. A second cellular passive management function, wherein the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, comprising: A processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 16 are implemented.

29. A first cellular passive management function, the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function serving a passive tag, comprising a transceiver and a processor, wherein: The transceiver is used to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a second cellular passive management function, where the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag; The processor is used to register the passive tag in the home network of the passive tag, and when the passive tag is successfully registered, save the tag registration information of the passive tag, and send a tag registration success response to the second cellular passive management function, wherein the tag registration information includes the correspondence between the tag identifier of the passive tag and the second cellular passive management function.

30. A first cellular passive management function, wherein the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, comprising: A processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 17 to 18 are implemented.

31. A second cellular passive management function, the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving a passive tag, comprising a transceiver and a processor, wherein: The transceiver is used to receive a tag registration request of a passive tag sent by a visited network element, where the visited network element is a visited network element serving the passive tag; The processor is used to determine a first cellular passive management function in the first network according to information of the first network carried in the tag registration request, where the first network is a home network of the passive tag, and the first cellular passive management function is a home-cellular passive management function of the passive tag; The transceiver is further used to send the tag registration request to the first cellular passive management function; The processor is also used to establish roaming tag registration information of the passive tag upon receiving a tag registration success response sent by the first cellular passive management function, and forward the tag registration success response to the passive tag through the visited network element, wherein the roaming tag registration information of the passive tag includes the tag identifier of the passive tag and the correspondence between the visited network element serving the passive tag.

32. A second cellular passive management function, wherein the second cellular passive management function is a visited-cellular passive management function serving the passive tag, comprising: A processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 19 to 22 are implemented.

33. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

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