Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a communication method and a communication apparatus, which enable the acquisition of a subscription service or an attestation service of a third party without making a direct contact with the third party, and can be applied to a communication system. The communication method comprises: a first node acquiring first information from a blockchain node, wherein the first information is used for indicating information of a subscription service or a first attestation service; and the first node calling the subscription service or the first attestation service to acquire a service result of the subscription service or the first attestation service.

Description

Communication method and communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on November 17, 2023, with application number 202311549758.6 and application name “Communication Method and Communication Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and a communication device. Background Art

[0003] If a user needs to sign a contract with a carrier, they must provide their information to the carrier. The carrier will store this information in the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. SIM cards from different carriers are not interoperable. If a user needs to obtain a certificate from an authority, they must provide their identity information to the certification agency or organization and undergo identity verification at the authority.

[0004] In summary, in the existing technology, there are barriers between different service providers (such as operators, certification organizations or institutions, etc.). If users need to obtain services from a certain service provider, they need to directly contact the service provider and provide it with user information, which limits the application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and a communication device that can provide a method for delivering and circulating user trust, centered on the user's identity, and can obtain the contract service or certification service of the service provider without directly contacting the service provider.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided. The communication method includes: a first node obtaining first information from a blockchain node. The first information indicates information about a contract service or a first attestation service. The first node invokes the contract service or the first attestation service to obtain a service result of the contract service or the first attestation service.

[0008] Based on the method provided in the first aspect, the first node can obtain information indicating the contracted service or the first attestation service from the blockchain, thereby invoking the contracted service or the first attestation service to obtain a service result. This can avoid direct contact between the user and the operator or the attestation institution or organization's physical presence, thereby simplifying the process for the user to use the operator's or the attestation institution's or organization's services. In addition, obtaining different services from different operators or institutions through the blockchain can improve the credibility and diversity of the obtained services.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the first information includes an address of a contract service or a first certification service, so that the first node can obtain or call the contract service or the first certification service.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the address of the contracting service or first attestation service may be the address of a smart contract. The first node calling the contracting service or first attestation service may include: the first node calling the smart contract of the contracting service or attestation service based on the address of the smart contract, and sending the input information of the contracting service or first attestation service to the blockchain node. Obtaining the service result of the contracting service or first attestation service may include: receiving the service result of the contracting service or first attestation service from a second node or blockchain node. The service result of the contracting service or first attestation service is obtained by inputting the input information of the contracting service or first attestation service into the smart contract of the contracting service or first attestation service. Because smart contracts are executed on the blockchain, the execution process of the smart contract can be verified. In this way, each blockchain node (or the blockchain node that deploys the smart contract) can verify the service result of the contracting service or first attestation service, ensuring the credibility of the service result of the contracting service or first attestation service.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the address of the contract service or first attestation service is a website address. The first node invoking the contract service or first attestation service may include: the first node, based on the website address, sending input information for the contract service or first attestation service to a second node. Obtaining a service result from the contract service or first attestation service may include: receiving the service result from the contract service or first attestation service from the second node. The service result from the contract service or first attestation service is obtained by inputting the input information into a smart contract for the contract service or first attestation service. This allows obtaining service results using existing methods, reducing reliance on blockchain and enabling more flexible application scenarios.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the input information of the contract service or the first certification service includes information indicating the identifier of the first node. In this way, a service result can be generated for the identifier of the first node.

[0013] In one possible implementation, if the first information indicates the contracted service, the contracted service input information may also include: second proof information or a first address of the first node, where the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service. The first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node. This allows the user's identity to be confirmed through the second proof information, making the contracting process more secure.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the results of the contract signing service or first attestation service may include a correspondence between the contract signing information and the first node's identifier, or a correspondence between the first attestation information and the first node's identifier. The contract signing information indicates the services subscribed to by the first node, and the first attestation information verifies the identity of the first node. This allows users to complete the contract signing or attestation, providing a basis for subsequent services such as network services, QoS assurance, identity authentication, historical tracing, and payment.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first-type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first-type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0016] In one possible implementation, a first node stores information about a query contract, which is a smart contract used to query information about other smart contracts. Based on the query contract, the first node invokes the query contract to send input information for the query service to a blockchain node. The first node obtains first information from the blockchain node, which may include: the first node obtains the first information from the blockchain node using the query contract information. In this way, a user only needs to store the query contract information to directly obtain information about other services through the query contract.

[0017] In one possible implementation, querying contract information may include: querying the contract address.

[0018] In one possible implementation, blockchain nodes are network elements within the telecom network. This means that the presence of blockchain nodes within the telecom network allows the corresponding telecom network operator to control and manage the blockchain nodes. Furthermore, nodes within the telecom network can directly access blockchain nodes and obtain on-chain data, such as contract data, thereby reducing the number of interactions.

[0019] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided. The communication method includes: a blockchain node obtaining first information. The first information indicates information about a contracted service or a first certification service. The blockchain node sends the first information to the first node.

[0020] Based on the communication method of the second aspect, a blockchain node can obtain the first information and provide the first information to the first node. Since the first information is used to indicate information about the contracted service or the first certification service, the first node can call the contracted service or the first certification service based on the first information to obtain a service result. This can avoid direct contact between the user and the operator or certification institution or organization's entity, thereby simplifying the process for the user to use the services of the operator or certification institution or organization. In addition, obtaining different services from different operators or institutions through the blockchain can improve the credibility and diversity of the obtained services.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the first information may include the address of the contract service or the first certification service.

[0022] In one possible implementation, a smart contract of a signing service or a first proof service is deployed on a blockchain node, and the address of the signing service or the first proof service is the address of the smart contract.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the method provided in the second aspect may further include: the blockchain node receiving input information from the contract service or the first attestation service of the first node. The blockchain node obtaining a service result of the contract service or the first attestation service. The service result of the contract service or the first attestation service is obtained by inputting the input information of the contract service or the first attestation service into a smart contract of the contract service or the first attestation service. The blockchain node provides the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service to the second node.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the input information of the contract service or the first certification service includes information indicating the identifier of the first node.

[0025] In one possible implementation, if the first information is information indicating a contracted service, the contracted service input information may further include: second certification information or a first address of the first node, where the second certification information is the service result of the second certification service. The first address is the storage address of the second certification information in the blockchain node.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service may include: a correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or a correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node. The contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to verify the identity of the first node.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first-type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first-type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the address of the contract service or the first proof service is a website address, and the method provided in the second aspect may further include: the blockchain node receives the service result of the contract service or the first proof service, and / or the hash value of the service result of the contract service or the first proof service.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0030] Regarding the technical effects of the method provided in the second aspect, reference can be made to the technical effects of the method provided in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0031] In a third aspect, a communication method is provided. The communication method includes: a second node receiving a service result of a contract service or a first attestation service from a blockchain node; and the second node sending the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service to the first node.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service may include: a correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or a correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node. The contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to verify the identity of the first node.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first-type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first-type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0034] Regarding the technical effects of the method provided in the third aspect, reference can be made to the technical effects of the method provided in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0035] In a fourth aspect, a communication method is provided. The communication method includes: a second node receiving input information of a contract service or a first attestation service. The second node obtains a service result of the contract service or the first attestation service based on the input information of the contract service or the first attestation service. The second node sends the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service or a hash value of the service result of the contract service and / or the first attestation service to a blockchain node, and / or the second node sends the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service to the first node.

[0036] Based on the method provided in the fourth aspect, the second node can obtain the service result based on the input information of the contracted service or the first proof service, and provide information indicating the service result to the blockchain node or the first node. The existing method of obtaining the service result can be used, that is, the service provider obtains the service result, which can reduce the dependence on the blockchain, thereby making the application scenario more flexible.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service may include: a correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or a correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node. The contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to verify the identity of the first node.

[0038] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first-type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first-type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0040] Regarding the technical effects of the method provided in the fourth aspect, reference can be made to the technical effects of the method provided in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0041] In a fifth aspect, a communication method is provided. The communication method includes: a first node obtaining first information. The first information indicates the address of a smart contract for a contracting service or a first attestation service. The first node invokes the contracting service or the first attestation service based on the address of the smart contract and obtains a service result of the contracting service or the first attestation service.

[0042] Based on the communication method provided in the fifth aspect, the first node can call the smart contract of the contract service or the first certification service based on the address of the smart contract of the contract service or the first certification service stored locally. In this way, the first node can call the contract service or the first certification service according to the first information to obtain the service result, that is, the first node can avoid the user from directly contacting the entity of the operator or certification agency or organization, thereby simplifying the process for users to use the services of the operator or certification agency or organization.

[0043] In addition, local storage of the first information can also reduce the interaction process and improve communication efficiency.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the first node stores first information.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the first node calls the signing service or the first proof service based on the address of the smart contract, which may include: the first node sends input information of the signing service or the first proof service to the blockchain node based on the address of the smart contract.

[0046] In one possible implementation scheme, obtaining the service result of the signing service or the first proof service includes: receiving the service result of the signing service or the first proof service from the second node or the blockchain node; the service result of the signing service or the first proof service is obtained by inputting the input information of the signing service or the first proof service into the smart contract of the signing service or the first proof service.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the input information for the contract service or the first certification service includes information indicating an identifier of the first node.

[0048] In one possible implementation, if the first information is information used to indicate a contracted service, the input information of the contracted service also includes: the second proof information or the first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service includes: the correspondence between the contract signing information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first certification information and the identifier of the first node; wherein, the contract signing information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first certification information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0051] In a sixth aspect, a communication method is provided. The communication method includes: a blockchain node receiving input information from a contract service or a first attestation service; the blockchain node executing a smart contract for the contract service or the first attestation service based on the input information from the contract service or the first attestation service, and obtaining a service result from the contract service or the first attestation service. The blockchain node provides the service result from the contract service or the first attestation service to the first node.

[0052] In one possible implementation, if the input information of the contract service or the first proof service is the input information of the contract service, the input information of the contract service also includes: the second proof information or the first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service includes: the correspondence between the contract signing information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first certification information and the identifier of the first node; wherein, the contract signing information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first certification information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

[0054] In one possible implementation scheme, the method provided in the sixth aspect may also include: the blockchain node provides the service results of the signing service or the first proof service to the second node.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0056] In a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, which is used to execute the communication method described in any one of the implementations of the first to sixth aspects.

[0057] In the present application, the communication device described in the seventh aspect can be the first node described in any one of the first aspect or the fifth aspect, or the blockchain node described in any one of the second aspect or the sixth aspect, or the second node described in any one of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, or a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the first node, blockchain node or second node, or a device including the first node, blockchain node or second node.

[0058] It should be understood that the communication device described in the seventh aspect includes a module, unit, or means corresponding to the communication method described in any one of the first to sixth aspects above. The module, unit, or means can be implemented by hardware, software, or hardware executing the corresponding software implementation. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units for performing the functions involved in the above-mentioned communication method.

[0059] In an eighth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a processor configured to execute the communication method described in any possible implementation of the first to sixth aspects.

[0060] In a possible implementation, the communication device described in the eighth aspect may further include a transceiver. The transceiver may be a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit. The transceiver may be used for the communication device described in the eighth aspect to communicate with other communication devices.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the processor may be coupled to a memory, and the processor is configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory so that the communication device executes the communication method described in any possible implementation of the first to sixth aspects.

[0062] In one possible implementation, the communication device described in aspect 8 may further include a memory. The memory may be integrated with the processor or provided separately. The memory may be used to store the computer program and / or data involved in the communication method described in any one of aspects 1 to 6.

[0063] In the present application, the communication device described in the eighth aspect can be the first node described in any one of the first aspect or the second aspect, or the blockchain node described in any one of the second aspect or the sixth aspect, or the second node described in any one of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, or a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the first node, blockchain node or second node, or a device including the first node, blockchain node or second node.

[0064] In a ninth aspect, a processor is provided, wherein the processor is configured to execute the communication method described in any possible implementation manner of the first to sixth aspects.

[0065] In a tenth aspect, a communication system is provided, wherein the communication system includes one or more first nodes, one or more blockchain nodes, and one or more second nodes.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the first node and the blockchain node can exchange information, and the second node and the blockchain node can exchange information. The first node and the second node can exchange information.

[0067] In a possible implementation, the first node may be a terminal, and the second node may be a device corresponding to an operator, or a device corresponding to a social authority, or a device corresponding to other organizations or institutions that can provide certification services.

[0068] In the eleventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, comprising: a computer program or instructions; when the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, the computer executes the communication method described in any possible implementation method of the first to sixth aspects.

[0069] In the twelfth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the communication method described in any one of the possible implementations of the first to sixth aspects.

[0070] In addition, the technical effects of the communication devices described in the seventh to twelfth aspects above can refer to the technical effects of the communication methods described in the first to sixth aspects above, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of node information provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of node information uplinking provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG4 is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] FIG5 is a first schematic diagram of a process for obtaining first information according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] FIG6 is a second schematic diagram of a process for obtaining first information provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] FIG7 is a second flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0078] FIG8 is a third flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0079] FIG9 is a fourth flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0080] FIG10 is a fifth flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of information interaction between different devices and blockchain nodes provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] FIG12 is a sixth flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] FIG13 is a first structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] FIG14 is a second structural diagram of the communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as wireless fidelity (WiFi) systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, Internet of Vehicles communication systems, 4th generation (4G) mobile communication systems, such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems, such as new radio (NR) systems, and communication systems evolved after 5G, such as sixth generation (6G) mobile communication systems.

[0086] This application will present various aspects, embodiments, or features in the context of systems that may include multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that each system may include additional devices, components, modules, etc., and / or may not include all of the devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in conjunction with the figures. Furthermore, combinations of these aspects may also be used.

[0087] Additionally, in the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or implementation described in this application as "exemplary" should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or implementations. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner.

[0088] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "information," "signal," "message," "channel," and "signaling" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, the meanings they intend to convey are the same. The terms "of," "corresponding," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction between them is not emphasized, the meanings they intend to convey are the same.

[0089] In the embodiments of the present application, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be mistakenly written as a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meanings to be expressed are the same.

[0090] The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field will know that with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0091] In some implementations, if a user needs to sign a contract with a carrier, they must provide their information to the carrier. The carrier then generates contract information based on the user's information and stores it in the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. SIM cards from different carriers are not interoperable. If a user needs to obtain certification from an authoritative organization, they must provide their identity information to the certification agency or organization and undergo identity authentication at the authority.

[0092] In the above implementation, there are barriers between different service providers (such as operators, certification organizations or institutions, etc.). If users need to obtain services from a certain service provider, they need to directly contact the service provider and provide it with user information, which limits the application scenarios.

[0093] Based on this, the present application proposes a communication method and a corresponding device to provide a method for delivering and circulating user trust, which is centered on the user's identity and can obtain the contract service or certification service of the service provider without directly contacting the service provider.

[0094] To facilitate understanding, the following first introduces the technical terms in the embodiments of the present application.

[0095] The node identifier can be used to identify node information. A node can include one or more identifiers. For example, the node identifier can include one or more of the following: decentralized root credentials (DRC) (also known as decentralized root credentials), or decentralized identity credentials (DIC) (also known as decentralized identity credentials), or decentralized self-control credentials (DSCC), or subscription permanent identifier (SUPI). Among them, DRC, DIC and DSCC can all be called self-control identities (scID).

[0096] In some possible embodiments, a node's identifier may be information generated by a trusted node other than the node for identifying the node. For example, if the node is a terminal and the node's identifier is a DRC, the DRC may be generated by a trusted node other than the node, such as a node associated with a SIM card or UICC vendor, or by a terminal device manufacturer. For another example, if the node is a terminal and the node's identifier is a SUPI, the SUPI may be generated by a trusted node other than the node, such as a node associated with a carrier. In other possible embodiments, the node's identifier may be information derived by the node from a root credential, such as a DIC, that identifies the node or attributes corresponding to the node's first identifier. In yet other possible implementations, the node's identifier may be information independently generated by the node, such as a DSCC, that identifies the node or attributes corresponding to the node's first identifier. In this way, different types of identifiers can be used depending on different business scenarios. For example, in business scenarios where personal information confidentiality is highly required, a DIC may be used to complete the business. In another example, in scenarios where node trust is less required, a DSCC may be used to complete the business. SUPI can be used for communication between the node and the carrier's equipment.

[0097] Each node identifier may correspond to a piece of node information, which may include the node identifier. Furthermore, the node information may include one or more of the following: credential information corresponding to the node identifier, service information corresponding to the node identifier, information indicating the terminal type, information about the issuer of the node identifier, or information indicating disclosure conditions for the credential information corresponding to the node identifier. This allows for greater flexibility in the content of the second information.

[0098] In one possible implementation scheme, the credential information corresponding to the node's identification includes authentication information corresponding to the node's identification and / or proof information corresponding to the node's identification. The authentication information corresponding to the node's identification is used to verify the terminal; the proof information corresponding to the node's identification is used to verify the attributes corresponding to the node's identification.

[0099] In one possible implementation, the node's identifier and the credential information corresponding to the node's identifier are carried in the identifier information corresponding to the node's identifier; in this case, the node information may also include file information, wherein the file information includes one or more of the following: service information corresponding to the node's identifier, information indicating the type of terminal, information about the issuer of the node's identifier, or information indicating the disclosure conditions of the credential information corresponding to the node's identifier. Alternatively, the node's identifier is carried in the identifier information corresponding to the node's identifier, and one or more of the credential information corresponding to the node's identifier, service information corresponding to the node's identifier, information indicating the type of terminal, information about the issuer of the node's identifier, or information indicating the disclosure conditions of the credential information corresponding to the node's identifier are carried in the file information corresponding to the node's identifier.

[0100] It is understandable that in the embodiments of the present application, the identification of the node is only used as an example. In actual implementation, the identification of the node can also be implemented in other ways, which will not be repeated here.

[0101] Node information: This is information describing the characteristics of a node. This can be the characteristics of the node, the characteristics of the subject to which the node corresponds, or information about the services that the node can provide. Node information can also be referred to as node information for the device to which the node corresponds.

[0102] The subject corresponding to a node can be a physical entity, such as the node itself. Alternatively, the subject corresponding to a node can be a logically organized unit, such as a person, organization, or enterprise. The subjects corresponding to nodes listed here are only examples. In actual implementation, the subjects corresponding to nodes can also be implemented in other ways, which will not be detailed here.

[0103] A node may include one or more identifiers, wherein each identifier may correspond to a piece of node information. In other words, a piece of node information may include one or more pieces of node information.

[0104] If the node is a terminal, the node information may include one or more of the following: the issuing organization of the node's identifier, the node's identifier, the public key corresponding to the node's identifier, the verification algorithm, the validity period, and the revocation list. Furthermore, the node information may include information indicating the node information's storage location in the blockchain, such as the node information's block height and / or transaction identifier.

[0105] Taking the case where the node is a device corresponding to an operator, as shown in Figure 1, the node information may include the node's identifier, i.e., the operator's identifier, and the file information corresponding to the node's identifier. The file information corresponding to the node may include the public key, validity period, signature, verification algorithm, certificate, etc. corresponding to the node's identifier, as well as the subject corresponding to the node's identifier, such as the name of the operator; the service information corresponding to the service area corresponding to the node's identifier (i.e., the information on the services provided by the operator). The services in the service information corresponding to the node's identifier may include contract services, business services, and certification services. Contract services are services used to provide users with services for handling packages or handling business, and business services are services used to provide users with one or more of the following services: call bill inquiry, rate inquiry, or location inquiry.

[0106] Similarly, if the node is a device corresponding to a certification agency or organization, the implementation principle of the file information corresponding to the node identification is similar to that in FIG1 , and the certification service in the file information of the second node may be an identity certification service.

[0107] The information of each node can be stored in a blockchain node within the blockchain system in a blockchain manner. For example, as shown in Figure 2, node information 1 through node information M are hashed once per data block. Multiple results of the first hash are hashed again to obtain a second hash result. Multiple results of the second hash are hashed again to obtain a third hash result. This third hash result can then be stored in block n+1. Similarly, other blocks can be obtained. It is understood that the number of hashes can be one or more, and this is for illustrative purposes only.

[0108] The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0109] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, a communication system applicable to the embodiments of the present application is first described in detail using the communication system shown in Figure 3 as an example. For example, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system applicable to the communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0110] As shown in Figure 3, the communication system includes a first node 301, a second node (second node 302a and / or second node 302b), and a blockchain system 303.

[0111] The first node 301 may be, for example, a terminal or a network device.

[0112] The second node may be a network device. In some possible implementations, the second node may be a device corresponding to an operator, or a device corresponding to an authority, or a device corresponding to other organizations or institutions that can provide certification services.

[0113] The blockchain system 303 may include a blockchain node, which may be a terminal or a network device.

[0114] The first node 301 and the second node (the second node 302a and the second node 302b) can exchange information with each other, and the first node 301 and the blockchain system 303 can exchange information with each other, that is, the first node 301 can exchange information with at least some of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain system 303. The second node (the second node 302a and the second node 302b) and the blockchain system 303 can exchange information with each other, that is, the second node (the second node 302a and the second node 302b) can exchange information with at least some of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain system 303.

[0115] In addition, the blockchain system may also include other nodes, such as a third node (third node 304a to third node 304e).

[0116] The third nodes (third nodes 304a to 304e) can exchange information with at least some of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain system 303. The third nodes can be devices corresponding to terminal or network equipment card vendors or terminal manufacturers, air card writing servers, or devices corresponding to other organizations or institutions.

[0117] The device corresponding to the card merchant or terminal manufacturer may be a device used to implement the business of the card merchant or terminal manufacturer, such as a card writing device of the card merchant or terminal manufacturer.

[0118] The equipment corresponding to an organization or institution refers to the equipment used to implement the business of the organization or institution.

[0119] The equipment corresponding to the operator is the equipment used to provide the operator's services, such as the operator's servers, network elements in the core network, or access network equipment.

[0120] The device corresponding to the authority is a device that can be used to provide services of the authority, such as a server or host belonging to the authority, etc. The social authority can provide certification services for one or more identity information.

[0121] The above-mentioned terminal is a terminal that accesses the above-mentioned communication system and has a transceiver function, or a chip or chip system that can be set in the terminal, or a unit or module with terminal function. The terminal can also be called a terminal device, and can also be called user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), etc., or a device used to provide voice or data connectivity to users, or an Internet of Things device. For example, the terminal includes a handheld device with wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, etc. Currently, terminals can be: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices (such as smart watches, smart bracelets, pedometers, smart glasses, etc.), vehicle-mounted equipment (such as cars, bicycles, electric vehicles, airplanes, ships, trains, high-speed trains, etc.), satellite terminals, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, smart point of sale (POS) machines, customer-premises equipment (CPE), wireless terminals in industrial control, smart home devices (such as refrigerators, televisions, air conditioners, electricity meters, etc.), intelligent robots, robotic arms, workshop equipment, wireless terminals in unmanned driving, wireless terminals in telemedicine, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, or wireless terminals in smart homes, flying equipment (such as intelligent robots, hot air balloons, drones, airplanes), etc. The terminal can also be a vehicle device, such as a complete vehicle device, a vehicle-mounted module, a vehicle-mounted chip, an on-board unit (OBU) or a telematics box (T-BOX), etc. The terminal can also be other devices with terminal functions. For example, the terminal can also be a device that serves as a terminal in D2D communication.

[0122] The terminal of the present application may also be a module or unit that can be used to implement terminal functions. For example, the terminal may also be a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) or a blockchain universal integrated circuit card (B-UICC).

[0123] The embodiments of this application do not limit the device form factor of the terminal. The device used to implement the terminal function can be a terminal device; it can also be a device that supports the terminal to implement the function, such as a chip system. The device can be installed in the terminal or used in conjunction with the terminal. In the embodiments of this application, the chip system can be composed of a chip or include a chip and other discrete components.

[0124] In one possible scenario, a network device may be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmitting and receiving point (TRP), a transmitting point (TP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a next-generation base station in a sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, a satellite, an access point (AP) in a WiFi system, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a mobile switching center, or a network device in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication system, i.e., it may be deployed on a high-altitude platform or satellite. The network device may be a macro base station, a micro base station, an indoor station, a relay node or a donor node, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. The network device may also be a device that functions as a base station in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, drone communication, or machine communication. Optionally, the network device may also be a server, a wearable device, a vehicle or an onboard device, etc. For example, the access network device in vehicle to everything (V2X) technology may be a road side unit (RSU).

[0125] In another possible scenario, multiple network devices collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, and different network devices respectively implement part of the functions of the base station. For example, the network device can be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU can be set separately, or they can also be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH). It can be understood that the network device can be a CU node, a DU node, or a device including a CU node and a DU node. In addition, the CU can be divided into a network device in the radio access network (RAN), or the CU can be divided into a network device in the core network (CN), without limitation here.

[0126] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in an open RAN (ORAN) system, CU may also be called O-CU (open CU), DU may also be called O-DU, CU-CP may also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP may also be called O-CU-UP, and RU may also be called O-RU. For the convenience of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU as examples for description. Any unit of CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0127] In another possible scenario, the above-mentioned network device may also be a network element or device in the core network.

[0128] In some other possible scenarios, the above-mentioned network device may be a network element or device in a wired network, such as a server.

[0129] In the embodiments of the present application, the form of the network device is not limited. The device used to implement the function of the network device can be a network device; it can also be a device that can support the network device to implement the function, such as a chip system. The device can be installed in the network device or used in conjunction with the network device.

[0130] It should be understood that the nodes in the embodiments of the present application are only used as examples. In actual implementation, the nodes in the embodiments of the present application may also be devices corresponding to other organizations or institutions, which will not be repeated here.

[0131] It should be understood that the blockchain system described in the embodiments of the present application may include multiple electronic devices, and the distributed system described in the embodiments of the present application may include multiple electronic devices.

[0132] It should be noted that the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied between the nodes shown in Figure 3. For specific implementation, please refer to the following method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0133] It should be noted that the solutions in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to other communication systems, and the corresponding names can also be replaced by the names of corresponding functions in other communication systems.

[0134] It should be understood that FIG3 is only a simplified schematic diagram for ease of understanding, and the communication system may also include other components that are not shown in FIG3 .

[0135] The communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 4 to 11.

[0136] For example, Figure 4 is a flow chart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication method can be applied to communication between any two nodes shown in Figure 3 .

[0137] As shown in FIG4 , the communication method includes the following steps:

[0138] S401: The first node obtains first information from the blockchain node.

[0139] The first information is used to indicate information of a subscription service or a first certification service.

[0140] The first node may be a node that needs to obtain a service. For specific implementation, reference may be made to the relevant introduction to the communication system provided in FIG3 .

[0141] A blockchain node is one or more nodes in a blockchain system that can exchange information with a terminal. In some possible implementations, a first node stores information about blockchain nodes in the blockchain system that can exchange information with the first node, or information about blockchain nodes accessible to the first node, such as identifiers or Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of the blockchain nodes accessible to the first node.

[0142] In one possible implementation, a blockchain node can be a network element in a telecommunications network. For example, a blockchain node can be a unified data repository (UDR) network element in the core network. It should be understood that the UDR network element is used for example only; in actual implementation, the network element can also be used to store data from devices outside the telecommunications network, as well as to enable devices outside the telecommunications network to access data. In other words, the presence of a blockchain node in the telecommunications network allows the corresponding telecommunications network operator to control and manage the blockchain node. Furthermore, it allows nodes in the telecommunications network to directly access the blockchain node and obtain on-chain data, such as contract data, thereby reducing the interaction process.

[0143] A blockchain node stores node information for multiple nodes, including each node's identifier and the corresponding profile information. The multiple nodes may include a first node and a second node. The profile information for the first node may include information for verifying the identity of the first node. It is understood that verifying the identity of the first node can be achieved by verifying the identifier of the first node. The profile information for the second node may include information about the services provided by the second node.

[0144] For the implementation of node information, please refer to the relevant introduction in the technical terminology section.

[0145] It is understandable that for the same node, there may be multiple identifiers, and each identifier may correspond to a piece of file information.

[0146] The contract signing service is a service used to implement contract signing functions, such as a service used to sign a contract between a user and an operator. The first certification service is a service used to provide certification for a user's identity or attributes. It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the contract signing service may also be called a subscription service, a purchase service, or an account opening service.

[0147] In one possible implementation, the first information includes the address of a contracted service or a first attestation service. In other words, the first information may indicate the contracted service or the first attestation service by its address. This allows the first node to obtain or invoke the contracted service or the first attestation service.

[0148] Wherein, when the first information is used to indicate information of a contracted service, the first information includes the address of the contracted service. When the first information is used to indicate a first certification service, the first information includes the address of the first certification.

[0149] In one possible implementation, the address of the signing service or the first proof service may be the address of a smart contract or the address of a website.

[0150] In one possible implementation, the first node stores query contract information. In this case, S401 may include: the first node obtains the first information from the blockchain node by querying the contract information. In this way, a user only needs to store the query contract information to obtain information about other services through the query contract. The query contract is a smart contract that can be used to query other smart contracts.

[0151] In one possible implementation, querying contract information may include querying the contract address. The query contract address may be the storage location of the query contract in the blockchain. In some scenarios, the query contract address may also be the identifier of the query contract.

[0152] It is understandable that the information of the query contract may also include one or more of the following: the name of the query contract, the type of contract (used to identify whether the smart contract is a query contract or a contract for implementing services, such as signing services or certification services), the input information of the query contract (input parameters), and the calling address of the query contract.

[0153] If the address of the signing service or the first proof service is the address of the smart contract, then the implementation principle of the first node obtaining the first information from the blockchain node by querying the contract information can refer to the relevant introduction of the following design 1; if the address of the signing service or the first proof service is the address of the website, then the implementation principle of the first node obtaining the first information from the blockchain node by querying the contract information can refer to the relevant introduction of the following design 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0154] In a possible implementation, the first node further stores node information of the first node.

[0155] In one possible implementation, the first node also stores certificate information for a blockchain node in the blockchain system. This certificate information can be used to verify the legitimacy of the blockchain node, or to authenticate the blockchain node. This certificate information may include the node's corresponding public key, validity period, verification algorithm, and so on.

[0156] In a possible implementation, the first node also stores information of an air card writing server.

[0157] The over-the-air card writing server can be a standalone server, a server cluster, or a distributed server system, and can be used to communicate with the terminal (including the UICC) to write information to the UICC. Alternatively, the over-the-air card writing server can also be a device in the operator's network. For example, the over-the-air card writing server can be a management plane or control plane network element, or a device in the operation and maintenance center. Alternatively, the over-the-air card writing server can be a device belonging to the card manufacturer or equipment manufacturer.

[0158] The information of the air card writing server may include information for identifying the air card writing server, such as the address and / or identification of the air card writing service. The air card writing server may also include information for verifying the identity of the air card writing server, such as one or more of the following: a public key, a trust root, a root certificate, or a certificate.

[0159] S402: The first node calls the contract signing service or the first certification service to obtain a service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service.

[0160] The service results of the contract signing service or the first certification service include: the correspondence between the contract signing information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first certification information and the identifier of the first node; wherein, the contract signing information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first certification information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

[0161] The service result of the contracting service or the first attestation service may also include: operator-generated authentication information of the first node's identifier, which is used to verify the terminal's identity and includes the first node's certificate information. The certificate information includes the first node's public key, validity period, and other information. The certificate is signed by the operator's private key.

[0162] Regarding the implementation principle of S402, please refer to the relevant introduction of S702 to S705 in the method provided in Figure 7 below, or refer to the relevant introduction of S802 to S806 in the method provided in Figure 8 below, or refer to the relevant introduction of S902 to S908 in the method provided in Figure 9 below, or refer to the relevant introduction of S1002 to S1008 in the method provided in Figure 10 below, and no further details will be given here.

[0163] Based on the method provided in Figure 4, the first node can obtain information indicating the contracted service or the first certification service from the blockchain, thereby invoking the contracted service or the first certification service to obtain the service result. This can avoid direct contact between the user and the operator or certification institution or organization's physical presence, thereby simplifying the user's use of the operator's or certification institution's or organization's service process. In addition, obtaining different services from different operators or institutions through the blockchain can improve the credibility and diversity of the obtained services.

[0164] Design 1

[0165] As shown in FIG5 , the first node obtains the first information from the blockchain node by querying the contract information, which may include: S501 to S503.

[0166] S501, the first node calls the query contract.

[0167] The first node sends the query contract address to the blockchain system. After receiving the query contract address, the blockchain determines the type of input information for the query contract based on the query contract address and sends information indicating the type of input information for the query contract. The first node receives the information indicating the type of input information for the query contract and obtains the input information for the query contract based on the type of input information for the query contract. The input information for the query contract is information corresponding to the type of input information for the query contract. The first node sends the query contract input information. In response, the blockchain node receives the query contract input information. In this way, the blockchain node can execute the smart contract corresponding to the query contract and obtain the service result of the query contract, i.e., the information indicating the first information.

[0168] S502: The first node and the blockchain node mutually verify their identities.

[0169] Among them, S502 can also be said to be a two-way authentication between the first node and the blockchain node.

[0170] In one possible implementation, S502 may include: blockchain verifying the first node and the first node verifying the blockchain node.

[0171] The blockchain node can verify the first node through the following methods:

[0172] Method 1: The first node sends its certificate and signature to the blockchain node. The blockchain node verifies the signature information based on the certificate.

[0173] Method 2: The first node sends the node's identification and signature to the blockchain node. The blockchain node obtains the certificate corresponding to the identification and then uses the certificate to verify the signature.

[0174] The first node can verify the blockchain node through the following method three or four:

[0175] In method three, the first node stores information used to verify blockchain nodes, such as the blockchain system's root certificate. The blockchain node sends its node certificate and signature to the first node. The first node verifies the node certificate using the system's root certificate and then verifies the signature using the node certificate.

[0176] Method 4: The first node stores information used to verify the blockchain node, such as the blockchain node's certificate. The blockchain node sends the node signature to the first node. The first node verifies the signature using the node certificate. The first node can send the first node's first identifier to the blockchain node. The blockchain node can obtain file information corresponding to the first identifier from the blockchain system. The file information includes information used to verify the first node, such as the first node's certificate. Based on the first node's certificate, the blockchain node can verify the first node.

[0177] The first node stores information used to verify the blockchain node, such as the blockchain node's certificate. The blockchain node may provide the first node (e.g., directly or through a consensus mechanism) with a second identifier of the blockchain node. The first node may determine the certificate corresponding to the second identifier from the stored blockchain node certificates, thereby verifying the blockchain node.

[0178] In S502, if the identity authentication of the first node is passed and the identity authentication of the blockchain node is passed, two-way communication can be established between the first node and the blockchain node.

[0179] S503, the blockchain node provides the query result information to the first node (such as directly sending it or providing it through a consensus mechanism).

[0180] The query result information includes the first information.

[0181] It should be understood that S503 can be executed if the first node and the blockchain have successfully verified each other in S502.

[0182] For example, the first information may be operator corresponding profile information, which includes the first information.

[0183] Design 2

[0184] As shown in FIG6 , the first node obtains the first information from the blockchain node by querying the contract information, which may include: S601 to S604.

[0185] S601: A first node receives at least one second information.

[0186] The second information may be broadcast information. Each second information in the at least one second information corresponds to an access device of the operator, or in other words, each first information in the at least one second information is sent by an access network device of the operator. In other words, the first node receives one or more second information broadcast by one or more access network devices.

[0187] S602: The first node determines a second node according to at least one second information.

[0188] The first node can determine the spectrum used for communication by the operator (the access network device corresponding to the operator) from the access network device broadcast information. Based on the frequency band used for communication by the first node (referred to as the first frequency band), the first node selects an access network device whose frequency band used for communication includes the first frequency band as the second node.

[0189] S603: The first node and the blockchain node mutually verify their identities through the second node.

[0190] For the implementation principle of S603, please refer to the relevant introduction in S502. The difference is that the information interaction between the first node and the blockchain node is forwarded through the second node.

[0191] S604, the blockchain node provides query result information to the first node.

[0192] For the implementation principle of the query result information, please refer to the relevant introduction in S503 of Design 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0193] To facilitate understanding of the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the communication method provided in the above-mentioned Figure 4 is explained below in combination with different scenarios.

[0194] FIG7 is a second flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the scenario shown in FIG7 , the first node may be a node corresponding to the terminal, and the second node may be a node corresponding to an institution or organization providing a certification service. In other words, the service that the first node needs to obtain is a certification service, such as the first certification service, and the address of the certification service is the address of the smart contract. In this case, the communication method shown in FIG7 includes:

[0195] S701: The first node obtains first information from the blockchain node.

[0196] Among them, the first information is used to indicate the information of the first certification service. For the implementation principle of the first information, please refer to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above. For the implementation principle of S701, please refer to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above. No further details will be given here.

[0197] S702: The first node sends input information of the first certification service. Correspondingly, the blockchain node receives the input information of the first certification service.

[0198] In one possible implementation, the input information of the first certification service may include information indicating the identifier of the first node. In this way, a service result may be generated for the identifier of the first node.

[0199] In one possible implementation, the identifier of the first node indicated by the input information of the first attestation service is used to represent the identity of the user, or the identifier of the first node corresponds to an attribute of the user. Exemplarily, the identifier of the first node can be DRC, DIC, or DSCC.

[0200] In one possible implementation, the input information of the first attestation service can be obtained as follows: the first node sends the address of the first attestation service, i.e., the address of the smart contract for the first attestation service, to the blockchain system. After receiving the address of the smart contract for the first attestation service, the blockchain determines the type of the input information of the first attestation service based on the address of the smart contract for the first attestation service and sends information indicating the type of the input information of the first attestation service. The first node receives the information indicating the type of the input information of the first attestation service and obtains the input information of the first attestation service based on the type of the input information of the first attestation service. The input information of the first attestation service is information corresponding to the type of the input information of the first attestation service.

[0201] In a possible implementation, the input information of the first certification service may be provided by a user. For example, the input information of the first certification service may be input by a user into the first node.

[0202] S703: The blockchain node executes the smart contract corresponding to the first proof service and obtains a service result of the first proof service, i.e., a first service result.

[0203] In this case, the service result of the signing service or the first certification service in the method provided in Figure 4 is the first service result.

[0204] The first service result includes a correspondence between first certification information and the identifier of the first node. The first certification information is information used to verify the identity of the first node. It is understood that the identifier of the first node in the first service result can refer to the first-category identifier of the first node or the SUPI of the first node. The SUPI of the first node is generated by the operator. This allows users to complete the contract or certification, providing a basis for subsequent services such as network services, QoS assurance, identity authentication, historical tracing, and payment.

[0205] It is understandable that the blockchain system may also store the first service result. Alternatively, the blockchain system may store a hash value of the first service result.

[0206] S704, the blockchain node provides the first service result to the first node.

[0207] In one possible implementation, the blockchain node and the first node can communicate directly, and the blockchain node can directly send the first service result to the first node.

[0208] In one possible design scheme, the first node can be a node on the blockchain. In this case, the blockchain node can provide the first service result to the first node through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain.

[0209] In one possible implementation, the first node is connected to the blockchain node through other nodes, such as the second node. In this case, S704 may include: the blockchain node forwards the first service result to the first node through other nodes connected to the first node, such as the second node.

[0210] It is understandable that S704 may also include: the blockchain node provides the first node with the storage address of the first service result on the blockchain.

[0211] It is understandable that the storage address of the service result of the first proof service on the blockchain and the service result of the first proof can be carried in the same message or in different messages respectively.

[0212] S705: The first node stores the first service result.

[0213] In a possible implementation, the first node may store the first certification information in information corresponding to the first node's identifier, such as profile information, wherein the information corresponding to the first node's identifier includes the first node's identifier.

[0214] It is understandable that if the blockchain node in S704 also provides the first node with the storage address of the first service result on the blockchain, S705 may include: when the first node verifies that the first service result is correct, the first node stores the first service result.

[0215] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the identifier of the first node may include one or more, wherein each identifier of the first node may carry an identity identifier. The first certification information is stored in the file information of the identifier of the first node corresponding to the first certification information.

[0216] Optionally, when S704 includes: the blockchain node providing the first node with the storage address of the first service result on the blockchain, the first node may verify the received first service result through the blockchain. For example, the first node may obtain a hash value of the first service result from the blockchain, and calculate a hash value based on the service result received by the first node from the blockchain node. If the hash value obtained from the blockchain is the same as the hash value calculated by the first node, then it can be determined that the first service result received by the first node has been successfully verified. If the hash value obtained from the blockchain is inconsistent with the hash value calculated by the first node, then it can be determined that the first service result received by the first node has failed verification.

[0217] In one possible implementation, S704 and S705 can be understood as the process of the blockchain node writing a card to the first node via the over-the-air card writing server. In other words, the over-the-air card writing server can be used to forward information exchanged between the blockchain node and the first node. The over-the-air card writing server writes the first certification information into the file corresponding to the identifier of the first node.

[0218] For the technical effects of the communication method provided in FIG7 , reference can be made to the technical effects of the method provided in FIG4 . In addition, since the smart contract is executed on the blockchain, the execution process of the smart contract can be verified. This allows each blockchain node (or the blockchain node where the smart contract is deployed) to verify the service results of the first attestation service, thereby ensuring the credibility of the service results of the contract service or the first attestation service.

[0219] FIG8 is a flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the scenario shown in FIG8 , the first node may be a node corresponding to a terminal, the service that the first node needs to obtain is a certification service, such as a first certification service, and the address of the certification service is a website address. In this case, the second node may be a node corresponding to an institution or organization providing the certification service. The communication method shown in FIG8 may include:

[0220] S801: The first node obtains first information from the blockchain node.

[0221] Among them, the first information is used to indicate the information of the first certification service. For the implementation principle of the first information, please refer to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above. For the implementation principle of S801, please refer to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above. No further details will be given here.

[0222] S802: The first node sends input information of the first certification service. Correspondingly, the second node receives the input information of the first certification service.

[0223] In one possible implementation, the input information of the first attestation service can be obtained as follows: a first node sends the address of the first attestation service, i.e., the address of the website of the first attestation service, to a second node. After receiving the address of the website of the first attestation service, the second node determines the type of the input information of the first attestation service based on the address of the website of the first attestation service, and sends information indicating the type of the input information of the first attestation service. The first node receives the information indicating the type of the input information of the first attestation service, and obtains the input information of the first attestation service based on the type of the input information of the first attestation service. The input information of the first attestation service is information corresponding to the type of the input information of the first attestation service.

[0224] In a possible implementation, the input information of the first certification service may be provided by a user. For example, the input information of the first certification service may be input by a user into the first node.

[0225] S803: The second node obtains a service result of the first certification service, ie, a first service result, according to input information of the first certification service.

[0226] In this case, the service result of the contract service or the first certification service in the method provided in FIG4 is the first service result. The implementation principle of the first service result can be referred to the relevant introduction of S703 in the method provided in FIG7 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0227] In a possible implementation, the second node may input the input information of the first proof into the first proof service, thereby obtaining the first service result.

[0228] In a possible implementation, the second node may further store the first service result. For example, the second node may store the first service result locally on the second node.

[0229] S804: The second node sends the first service result and / or the hash value of the first service result to the blockchain node. In response, the blockchain node receives the first service result and / or the hash value of the first service result.

[0230] After S804, the blockchain node may further store the first service result and / or a hash value of the first service result.

[0231] In this way, the first node can use the first service result stored by the blockchain node, and / or the hash value of the first service result, to verify the service result received by the first node using the first service result stored by the blockchain node, and / or the hash value of the first service result.

[0232] S805: The second node sends the first service result.

[0233] It is understood that S805 may also include: the second node sending a second address. Accordingly, the first node receives the second address. The second address is the storage address of the first service result on the blockchain or the storage address of the hash value of the first service result on the blockchain. That is, the second node sends the second address to the first node. The second address may be provided to the second node after the blockchain stores the first service result and / or the hash value of the first service result.

[0234] It is understandable that the second address and the first service result can be carried in the same message or in different messages respectively.

[0235] In one possible implementation, S805 can be replaced by a process in which the blockchain node writes a card to the first node through the card writing server.

[0236] S806: The first node stores the first service result.

[0237] For the implementation principle of S806, please refer to the relevant introduction of S705, which will not be repeated here.

[0238] The technical effects of the communication method provided in FIG8 can be referenced to the technical effects of the method provided in FIG4. Furthermore, the address of the first identity service is a website address, and the second node can obtain a service result based on the input information of the first proof service and provide information indicating the service result to the blockchain node or the first node. The existing method for obtaining service results, i.e., obtaining the service result by the service provider, can be used. This can reduce reliance on the blockchain, thereby making the application scenario more flexible.

[0239] FIG9 is a fourth flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the scenario shown in FIG9 , the first node may be a user's terminal, the second node may be an organization or institution providing contracted services, such as equipment corresponding to an operator, the service that the terminal needs to obtain is a contracted service, and the address of the contracted service is the address of the smart contract. In this case, the communication method shown in FIG9 includes:

[0240] S901: The first node obtains first information from the blockchain node.

[0241] Among them, the first information is used to indicate the information of the contracted service. For the implementation principle of the first information, please refer to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above. For the implementation principle of S901, please refer to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above. No further details will be given here.

[0242] S902: The first node sends input information of the contracted service. Correspondingly, the blockchain node receives the input information of the contracted service.

[0243] Regarding the implementation principle of inputting information for the contract service, please refer to the relevant introduction of S702 in the method provided in Figure 7, which will not be repeated here.

[0244] Optionally, in S902, the input information for the contracted service may further include third information, which may include: the second proof information and / or the first address of the first node. The second proof information is the service result of the second proof service, which is used to prove the attributes corresponding to the first node, such as whether the user corresponding to the first node is over 18 years old, or the location of the first node; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node. Among them, the implementation principle of the second proof information can refer to the implementation principle of the first proof information, the implementation principle of the first address can refer to the implementation principle of the second address, the implementation principle of the second proof service can refer to the implementation principle of the above-mentioned first proof service, and in addition, the implementation principle of the service result of the second proof service can refer to the service result of the first proof service in the method provided in Figure 7 or Figure 8. It is understandable that the first node can obtain the service result of the second proof service through the method provided in Figure 7 or Figure 8. In the method provided in Figure 9, the second proof service can be the first proof service. The first address can be the second address.

[0245] In this way, the user's identity can be confirmed through the second proof information, making the signing process safer.

[0246] Among them, the input information of the contract service and the third information can be carried in the same message or in different messages respectively, and this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0247] S903, the blockchain node verifies the identity of the first node based on the second proof information.

[0248] In one possible implementation, a blockchain node can obtain the attestation content and signature from the second attestation information. The attestation content refers to the conditions required for the attestation service, such as whether the user corresponding to the first node has completed real-name authentication, is over 18 years old, or is a legal citizen. The blockchain node can verify that the signature is issued by the authentic institution or organization providing the attestation, as well as verify the attestation content.

[0249] In one possible implementation, the blockchain node can obtain the proof content based on the first address, thereby verifying the identity of the first node.

[0250] It is understandable that the second proof information of the blockchain node may come from the first node, or may be obtained based on the first address from the first node.

[0251] It can be understood that S903 is an optional step.

[0252] S904, the blockchain node executes the smart contract corresponding to the contract service and obtains the service result of the contract service, that is, the second service result.

[0253] That is, the second service result is obtained by inputting the input information of the contracted service into the smart contract of the contracted service.

[0254] In an embodiment of the present application, the blockchain node may also store a second service result.

[0255] S905, the blockchain node provides the second service result to the second node.

[0256] In one possible implementation, if the blockchain node and the second node belong to the same merchant, such as in an operator's communication network, the blockchain node can synchronize the second service result to the second node through an interactive interface between network elements within the same merchant.

[0257] In one possible implementation, if the blockchain node and the second node do not belong to the same merchant, the blockchain node can send the second service result to the second node through the information interaction interface between different merchants.

[0258] S906: The second node stores the second service result.

[0259] That is, the second node may store the second service result at a storage address that the second node can obtain, for example, in the memory of the second node itself.

[0260] S907: The second node sends a second service result to the first node.

[0261] In one possible implementation, S907 may further include: the second node sending the storage address of the second service result on the blockchain. Accordingly, the first node receives the storage address of the second service result on the blockchain. That is, the second node also sends the storage address of the second service result on the blockchain to the first node.

[0262] In a possible implementation, S907 may be a process in which the second node writes a card to the first node through the card writing server.

[0263] It is understandable that the storage address of the second service result on the blockchain and the second service result can be carried in the same message or in different messages respectively.

[0264] S908: The first node stores the second service result of the contracted service.

[0265] For the implementation principle of S908, reference may be made to the relevant introduction of S705 in the method provided in FIG. 7 .

[0266] For the technical effects of the communication method provided in FIG9 , reference can be made to the technical effects of the method provided in FIG4 . In addition, since smart contracts are executed on the blockchain, the execution process of the smart contract can be verified. This allows each blockchain node (or the blockchain node where the smart contract is deployed) to verify the service results of the contracted service.

[0267] Figure 10 is a flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the scenario shown in Figure 10, the first node may be a user's terminal that needs to obtain a contract service, and the address of the contract service is the address of a website, for example, a web portal. In this case, the second node may be an institution or organization that provides the contract service, such as a node corresponding to an operator. The communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application can be shown in Figure 10 below. As shown in Figure 10, the communication method includes:

[0268] S1001, a first node obtains first information from a blockchain node.

[0269] The first information is used to indicate the information of the contracted service. The implementation principle of the first information can be referred to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above, and the implementation principle of S1001 can be referred to the relevant introduction of S401 in the method provided in Figure 4 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0270] S1002: The first node sends input information of the contracted service to the second node. Correspondingly, the second node receives the input information of the contracted service.

[0271] Regarding the implementation principle of the input information of the signing service, please refer to the relevant introduction of the input information of the first certification service in the method provided in Figure 8, which will not be repeated here.

[0272] Optionally, in S1002, the input information for the contracted service may further include third information. The implementation principle of the third information may refer to the relevant introduction in S902 and will not be repeated here.

[0273] S1003, the second node verifies the identity of the first node based on the second certification information.

[0274] For the implementation principle of S1003, reference may be made to the relevant introduction of S903. The difference is that S1003 is executed by the second node.

[0275] It can be understood that S1003 is an optional step.

[0276] S1004: The second node obtains the service result of the contracted service, ie, the second service result.

[0277] In a possible implementation, the second node may input the input information of the contracted service into the contracted service, thereby obtaining a second service result.

[0278] S1005: The second node stores the second service result.

[0279] For the implementation principle of S1005, please refer to the relevant introduction of S906, which will not be repeated here.

[0280] S1006. The second node sends the second service result and / or the hash value of the second service result to the blockchain node.

[0281] It is understandable that the blockchain node can store the second service result and / or the hash value of the second service result.

[0282] In this way, the first node can use the first service result stored by the blockchain node, and / or the hash value of the first service result, to verify the service result received by the first node using the first service result stored by the blockchain node, and / or the hash value of the first service result.

[0283] S1007: The second node sends a second service result to the first node.

[0284] It is understood that S1007 may also include: the second node sending a third address. Accordingly, the first node receives the third address. The third address is the storage address of the second service result on the blockchain or the storage address of the hash value of the second service result on the blockchain. That is, the second node sends the third address to the first node. The third address may be provided to the second node after the blockchain stores the second service result and / or the hash value of the first service result.

[0285] It is understandable that the third address and the first service result can be carried in the same message or in different messages respectively.

[0286] S1008: The first node stores the second service result of the contracted service.

[0287] For the implementation principle of S1008, please refer to the relevant introduction of S806, which will not be repeated here.

[0288] For the technical effects of the communication method provided in FIG10 , reference can be made to the technical effects of the method provided in FIG4 . Furthermore, the address of the first identity service is the address of the website, and the second node can obtain the service result based on the input information of the contracted service and provide information indicating the service result to the blockchain node or the first node. The existing method for obtaining service results, i.e., the service provider obtains the service result, can be used. This can reduce reliance on the blockchain, thereby making the application scenario more flexible.

[0289] The relationship between the information flow and the blockchain nodes of the blockchain system in the method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be seen in Figure 11. Specifically, the devices corresponding to the card vendor and the equipment vendor can provide the node information of the devices corresponding to the card vendor and the equipment vendor to the blockchain node. The card vendor and the equipment vendor can also provide the node information of the terminal to the first node, such as the user's terminal, or the terminal can generate the node information of the terminal itself. The terminal's node information can include one or more, such as terminal node information 1 to terminal node information P. The terminal can exchange its own node information or the node information of other devices with the blockchain node. The terminal can call the smart contract corresponding to the contract service or the smart contract corresponding to the certification service (such as the first certification service or the second certification service) to obtain the corresponding service result, such as the first service result. Alternatively, the terminal can obtain the contract service result through the operator (not shown in Figure 11), or obtain the first certification information through the device corresponding to the certification institution or organization. In this case, the device corresponding to the certification institution or organization can upload the service result of the certification service to the chain. The device corresponding to the certification institution or organization can also write the certification information of the certification service result, such as the first certification information, to the card by writing the card. After receiving the terminal's contract signing result, the blockchain system can write the contract information in the contract result to the terminal through the operator's corresponding equipment or the over-the-air card writing server. In addition, the terminal can also provide certification information, such as the second certification information, to other devices, such as the operator's corresponding equipment, and other devices can verify the certification information based on the blockchain.

[0290] FIG12 is a flow chart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG12 , the first node stores information about the service to be obtained, such as the address of the smart contract. In this case, the communication method provided in FIG12 may include:

[0291] S1201: A first node obtains first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate the address of a smart contract of a contracting service or a first certification service.

[0292] Specifically, the first node obtains the first information stored locally, or obtains the first information from other nodes.

[0293] For details about the signing service or the first certification service, please refer to the relevant introduction in S401, which will not be repeated here.

[0294] In a possible implementation, the first node may obtain the first information from a memory of the first node. That is, the first node stores the first information.

[0295] S1202: The first node calls the contract signing service or the first certification service based on the address of the smart contract to obtain the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service.

[0296] For the implementation principle of S1202, please refer to the relevant introduction in S402, which will not be repeated here.

[0297] Based on the communication method provided in Figure 12, the first node can call the address of the smart contract of the locally stored contract service or the first certification service. In this way, the first node can call the contract service or the first certification service according to the first information to obtain the service result, that is, the first node can obtain information about services of different operators or institutions through the blockchain, which can avoid users from directly contacting the entities of the operator or certification agency or organization, thereby simplifying the process for users to use the services of the operator or certification agency or organization.

[0298] In addition, the first node locally stores the first information, which can also reduce the interaction process and improve communication efficiency.

[0299] The communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail above in conjunction with Figures 4 to 12. The following describes a communication device for executing the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0300] For example, Figure 13 is a structural diagram of a communication device 1300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 13, the communication device 1300 includes: a processing module 1301 and a transceiver module 1302. For ease of illustration, Figure 13 only shows the main components of the communication device 1300.

[0301] In some embodiments, the communication device 1300 may be applicable to the communication system shown in FIG. 3 , and perform the function of the first node in any one of FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 , or the communication method shown in FIG. 10 .

[0302] Processing module 1301 is configured to obtain first information from a blockchain node. The first information indicates information about a contract service or a first attestation service. Processing module 1301 is further configured to invoke the contract service or the first attestation service via transceiver module 1302 to obtain a service result of the contract service or the first attestation service.

[0303] In one possible implementation, the first information includes an address for a contracted service or a first certification service.

[0304] In one possible implementation, the address of the contracting service or first attestation service can be the address of a smart contract. Processing module 1301 is further configured to transmit input information of the contracting service or first attestation service to a blockchain node via transceiver module 1302 based on the address of the smart contract, and to receive service results of the contracting service or first attestation service from a second node or blockchain node. The service results of the contracting service or first attestation service are obtained by inputting the input information of the contracting service or first attestation service into the smart contract of the contracting service or first attestation service.

[0305] In one possible implementation, the address of the contract service or first attestation service is a website address. Processing module 1301, based on the website address, sends input information for the contract service or first attestation service to the second node, and receives a service result for the contract service or first attestation service from the second node. The service result for the contract service or first attestation service is obtained by inputting the input information for the contract service or first attestation service into the smart contract for the contract service or first attestation service.

[0306] In a possible implementation, the input information of the contract service or the first certification service includes information indicating the identifier of the first node.

[0307] In one possible implementation, if the first information is information indicating a contracted service, the contracted service input information may further include: second certification information or a first address of the first node, where the second certification information is the service result of the second certification service. The first address is the storage address of the second certification information in the blockchain node.

[0308] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service may include: a correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or a correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node. The contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to verify the identity of the first node.

[0309] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or the first type identifier corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0310] In one possible implementation, the first node stores information about the query contract, and the processing module 1301 is further used to obtain the first information from the blockchain node by querying the contract information.

[0311] In one possible implementation, querying contract information may include: querying the contract address.

[0312] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0313] Optionally, the transceiver module 1302 may include a receiving module and a sending module (not shown in FIG13 ). The transceiver module 1302 is used to implement the sending function and the receiving function of the communication device 1300 .

[0314] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 13 ) storing a program or instruction. When the processing module 1301 executes the program or instruction, the communication device 1300 may perform the function of the first node in any one of FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 or the communication method shown in FIG. 10 .

[0315] It should be understood that the processing module 1301 involved in the communication device 1300 can be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, which can be a processor or a processing unit; the transceiver module 1302 can be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, which can be a transceiver or a transceiver unit.

[0316] It should be noted that the communication device 1300 can be a terminal device or a network device, or a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the terminal device or network device, or a device that includes a terminal device or a network device. This application does not limit this.

[0317] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 1300 can refer to any one of Figures 4 to 9, or the technical effects of the communication method shown in Figure 10, and will not be repeated here.

[0318] In other embodiments, the communication device 1300 may be applicable to the communication system shown in FIG. 3 , and perform the functions of a blockchain node in any one of FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 , or the communication method shown in FIG. 10 .

[0319] The processing module 1301 is configured to obtain first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate information of a contracted service or a first certification service, and the processing module 1301 is further configured to provide the first information to the first node via the transceiver module 1302.

[0320] In a possible implementation, the first information may include the address of the contract service or the first certification service.

[0321] In one possible implementation, a smart contract of a signing service or a first proof service is deployed on a blockchain node, and the address of the signing service or the first proof service is the address of the smart contract.

[0322] In one possible implementation, transceiver module 1302 is further configured to receive input information from the contract service or first attestation service at the first node, and processing module 1301 is further configured to generate a service result from the contract service or first attestation service. The service result from the contract service or first attestation service is obtained by inputting the input information from the contract service or first attestation service into the smart contract of the contract service or first attestation service. Transceiver module 1302 is further configured to provide the service result from the contract service or first attestation service to the second node.

[0323] In a possible implementation, the input information of the contract service or the first certification service includes information indicating the identifier of the first node.

[0324] In one possible implementation, if the first information is information indicating a contracted service, the contracted service input information may further include: second certification information or a first address of the first node, where the second certification information is the service result of the second certification service. The first address is the storage address of the second certification information in the blockchain node.

[0325] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contracted service may include: a correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or a correspondence between the first certification information and the identifier of the first node. The contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first certification information is used to verify the identity of the first node.

[0326] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first-type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first-type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0327] In one possible implementation, the address of the contract service or the first proof service is a website address, and the transceiver module 1302 is also used to receive the service results of the contract service or the first proof service, and / or the hash value of the service results of the contract service or the first proof service.

[0328] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0329] Optionally, the transceiver module 1302 may include a receiving module and a sending module (not shown in FIG13 ). The transceiver module 1302 is used to implement the sending function and the receiving function of the communication device 1300 .

[0330] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG13 ) that stores a program or instruction. When the processing module 1301 executes the program or instruction, the communication device 1300 may perform the functions of a blockchain node in any one of FIG4 to FIG9 or the communication method shown in FIG10 .

[0331] It should be understood that the processing module 1301 involved in the communication device 1300 can be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, which can be a processor or a processing unit; the transceiver module 1302 can be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, which can be a transceiver or a transceiver unit.

[0332] It should be noted that the communication device 1300 can be a terminal device or a network device, or a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the terminal device or network device, or a device that includes a terminal device or a network device. This application does not limit this.

[0333] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 1300 can refer to any one of Figures 4 to 9, or the technical effects of the communication method shown in Figure 10, and will not be repeated here.

[0334] In some other embodiments, the communication device 1300 may be applicable to the communication system shown in FIG. 3 , and perform the function of the second node in the communication method shown in any one of FIG. 4 , FIG. 7 , or FIG. 9 .

[0335] The transceiver module 1302 is configured to receive the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service from the blockchain node. The processing module 1301 is configured to send the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service to the first node.

[0336] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service may include: a correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or a correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node. The contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to verify the identity of the first node.

[0337] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first-type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first-type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0338] Optionally, the transceiver module 1302 may include a receiving module and a sending module (not shown in FIG13 ). The transceiver module 1302 is used to implement the sending function and the receiving function of the communication device 1300 .

[0339] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG13 ) storing a program or instruction. When the processing module 1301 executes the program or instruction, the communication device 1300 may perform the function of the second node in the communication method shown in FIG4 , FIG7 , or FIG9 .

[0340] It should be understood that the processing module 1301 involved in the communication device 1300 can be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, which can be a processor or a processing unit; the transceiver module 1302 can be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, which can be a transceiver or a transceiver unit.

[0341] It should be noted that the communication device 1300 can be a network device, a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the network device, or a device that includes a network device. This application does not limit this.

[0342] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 1300 can refer to the technical effects of the communication method shown in any one of Figures 4, 7, or 9, and will not be repeated here.

[0343] In some other embodiments, the communication device 1300 may be applicable to the communication system shown in FIG. 3 , and perform the function of the second node in the communication method shown in FIG. 4 , FIG. 8 , or FIG. 10 .

[0344] The transceiver module 1302 is configured to receive input information from the contract service or the first attestation service. The processing module 1301 is configured to obtain a service result of the contract service or the first attestation service based on the input information of the contract service or the first attestation service. The transceiver module 1302 is configured to send the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service or a hash value of the service result of the contract service and / or the first attestation service to the blockchain node, and / or provide the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service to the first node.

[0345] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service may include: a correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or a correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node. The contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to verify the identity of the first node.

[0346] In a possible implementation, the identifier of the first node may include a first-type identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node. The first-type identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or corresponds to an attribute of the user.

[0347] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0348] Optionally, the transceiver module 1302 may include a receiving module and a sending module (not shown in FIG13 ). The transceiver module 1302 is used to implement the sending function and the receiving function of the communication device 1300 .

[0349] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG13 ) storing a program or instruction. When the processing module 1301 executes the program or instruction, the communication device 1300 may perform the function of the second node in the communication method shown in FIG4 , FIG8 , or FIG10 .

[0350] It should be understood that the processing module 1301 involved in the communication device 1300 can be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, which can be a processor or a processing unit; the transceiver module 1302 can be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, which can be a transceiver or a transceiver unit.

[0351] It should be noted that the communication device 1300 can be a network device, a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the network device, or a device that includes a network device. This application does not limit this.

[0352] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 1300 can refer to the technical effects of the communication method shown in any one of Figures 4, 8, or 10, and will not be repeated here.

[0353] In some other embodiments, the communication device 1300 may be applicable to the communication system shown in FIG. 3 , and perform the function of the first node in the communication method shown in FIG. 12 .

[0354] Processing module 1301 is configured to obtain first information. The first information indicates the address of a smart contract for a contracting service or a first attestation service. Processing module 1301 is further configured to invoke the contracting service or the first attestation service based on the address of the smart contract and obtain a service result of the contracting service or the first attestation service via transceiver module 1302.

[0355] In a possible implementation, the first node stores first information.

[0356] In one possible implementation, the processing module 1301 is further configured to send input information of the signing service or the first proof service to the blockchain node based on the address of the smart contract.

[0357] In one possible implementation scheme, the processing module 1301 is also used to receive the service results of the signing service or the first proof service from the second node or the blockchain node through the transceiver module 1302; the service results of the signing service or the first proof service are obtained by inputting the input information of the signing service or the first proof service into the smart contract of the signing service or the first proof service.

[0358] In a possible implementation, the input information for the contract service or the first certification service includes information indicating an identifier of the first node.

[0359] In one possible implementation, if the first information is information used to indicate a contracted service, the input information of the contracted service also includes: the second proof information or the first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

[0360] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service includes: the correspondence between the contract signing information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first certification information and the identifier of the first node; wherein, the contract signing information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first certification information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

[0361] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0362] Optionally, the transceiver module 1302 may include a receiving module and a sending module (not shown in FIG13 ). The transceiver module 1302 is used to implement the sending function and the receiving function of the communication device 1300 .

[0363] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG13 ) that stores a program or instruction. When the processing module 1301 executes the program or instruction, the communication device 1300 may perform the function of the first node in the communication method shown in FIG12 .

[0364] It should be understood that the processing module 1301 involved in the communication device 1300 can be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, which can be a processor or a processing unit; the transceiver module 1302 can be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, which can be a transceiver or a transceiver unit.

[0365] It should be noted that the communication device 1300 can be a terminal device or a network device, or a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the terminal device or network device, or a device that includes a terminal device or a network device. This application does not limit this.

[0366] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 1300 can refer to the technical effects of the communication method shown in any one of Figure 12, and will not be repeated here.

[0367] In other embodiments, the communication device 1300 can be used in the communication system shown in Figure 3 to perform the functions of the blockchain node in the communication method shown in Figure 12.

[0368] Transceiver module 1302 is configured to receive input information from the contract service or the first attestation service. Processing module 1301 is configured to execute the smart contract of the contract service or the first attestation service based on the input information, thereby obtaining a service result of the contract service or the first attestation service. Transceiver module 1302 is further configured to provide the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service to the first node.

[0369] In one possible implementation, if the input information of the contract service or the first proof service is the input information of the contract service, the input information of the contract service also includes: the second proof information or the first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

[0370] In one possible implementation, the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service includes: the correspondence between the contract signing information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first certification information and the identifier of the first node; wherein, the contract signing information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first certification information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

[0371] In a possible implementation, the processing module 1301 is further configured to provide the second node with the service result of the signing service or the first certification service.

[0372] In one possible implementation, the blockchain nodes are network elements in the telecommunications network.

[0373] Optionally, the transceiver module 1302 may include a receiving module and a sending module (not shown in FIG13 ). The transceiver module 1302 is used to implement the sending function and the receiving function of the communication device 1300 .

[0374] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG13 ) that stores a program or instruction. When the processing module 1301 executes the program or instruction, the communication device 1300 may perform the functions of a blockchain node in the communication method shown in FIG12 .

[0375] It should be understood that the processing module 1301 involved in the communication device 1300 can be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, which can be a processor or a processing unit; the transceiver module 1302 can be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, which can be a transceiver or a transceiver unit.

[0376] It should be noted that the communication device 1300 can be a terminal device or a network device, or a chip (system) or other parts or components that can be set in the terminal device or network device, or a device that includes a terminal device or a network device. This application does not limit this.

[0377] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 1300 can refer to the technical effects of the communication method shown in any one of Figure 12, and will not be repeated here.

[0378] For example, FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication device may be a terminal device or a network device, or may be a chip (system) or other component or assembly that can be provided in a terminal device or a network device. As shown in FIG14 , the communication device 1400 may include a processor 1401. Optionally, the communication device 1400 may further include a memory 1402 and / or a transceiver 1403. The processor 1401 is coupled to the memory 1402 and the transceiver 1403, such as by a communication bus.

[0379] The following is a detailed introduction to the various components of the communication device 1400 with reference to FIG14 :

[0380] The processor 1401 is the control center of the communication device 1400 and can be a single processor or a collective term for multiple processing elements. For example, the processor 1401 can be one or more central processing units (CPUs), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0381] Optionally, the processor 1401 may execute various functions of the communication device 1400 by running or executing a software program stored in the memory 1402 and calling data stored in the memory 1402 .

[0382] In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the processor 1401 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG14 .

[0383] In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the communication device 1400 may also include multiple processors, such as the processor 1401 and the processor 1404 shown in FIG14 . Each of these processors may be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). The processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0384] Among them, the memory 1402 is used to store the software program for executing the solution of this application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 1401. The specific implementation method can refer to the above method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0385] Alternatively, the memory 1402 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, an optical disc storage (including a compact disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory 1402 may be integrated with the processor 1401 or exist independently and be coupled to the processor 1401 via an interface circuit (not shown in FIG. 14 ) of the communication device 1400, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0386] Transceiver 1403 is used for communication with other communication devices. For example, if communication device 1400 is a terminal device, transceiver 1403 can be used to communicate with a network device or another terminal device. For another example, if communication device 1400 is a network device, transceiver 1403 can be used to communicate with a terminal device or another network device.

[0387] Optionally, the transceiver 1403 may include a receiver and a transmitter (not shown separately in FIG14 ), wherein the receiver is used to implement a receiving function, and the transmitter is used to implement a sending function.

[0388] Optionally, the transceiver 1403 can be integrated with the processor 1401, or can exist independently and be coupled to the processor 1401 through the interface circuit of the communication device 1400 (not shown in Figure 14), which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0389] It should be noted that the structure of the communication device 1400 shown in FIG14 does not constitute a limitation on the communication device. An actual communication device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0390] In addition, the technical effects of the communication device 1400 can refer to the technical effects of the communication method described in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0391] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes one or more terminal devices described above and one or more network devices.

[0392] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a CPU, but may also be other general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0393] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a ROM, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an EEPROM, or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a RAM, which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0394] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via a wired (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more available media sets. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0395] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. For specific understanding, please refer to the context.

[0396] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0397] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0398] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0399] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0400] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0401] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0402] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0403] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0404] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to the first node, the method comprises: Acquire first information from a blockchain node; wherein the first information is used to indicate information of a contracted service or a first certification service; Call the contract signing service or the first certification service to obtain the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first information includes the address of the contract service or the first certification service.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The address of the signing service or the first proof service is the address of the smart contract; The calling of the signing service or the first certification service includes: Based on the address of the smart contract, send input information of the signing service or the first proof service to the blockchain node; The obtaining of the service result of the signing service or the first certification service includes: Receive the service result of the signing service or the first proof service from the second node or the blockchain node; the service result of the signing service or the first proof service is obtained by inputting the input information of the signing service or the first proof service into the smart contract of the signing service or the first proof service.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The address of the contract service or the first certification service is the address of the website; The calling of the signing service or the first certification service includes: Based on the address of the website, sending input information of the contract service or the first certification service to the second node; The obtaining of the service result of the signing service or the first certification service includes: Receive the service result of the contract service or the first certification service from the second node; the service result of the contract service or the first certification service is obtained by inputting the input information of the contract service or the first certification service into the contract service or the first certification service.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The input information for the contracting service or the first certification service includes information indicating an identification of the first node.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: If the first information is information used to indicate a contracted service, the input information of the contracted service also includes: second proof information or a first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The service result of the contract service or the first attestation service includes: the correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node; wherein the contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The identifier of the first node includes a first type of identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node; the first type of identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or the first type of identifier corresponds to an attribute of the user.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The first node stores information about the query contract, and the obtaining the first information from the blockchain node includes: The first information is obtained from the blockchain node through the information of the query contract.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The information of the query contract includes: the address of the query contract.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The blockchain node is a network element in a telecommunications network.

12. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to a blockchain node, the method comprises: Acquire first information; wherein the first information is used to indicate information of a contracted service or a first certification service; The first information is provided to the first node.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The first information includes the address of the contract service or the first certification service.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that A smart contract of the signing service or the first proof service is deployed on the blockchain node, and the address of the signing service or the first proof service is the address of the smart contract.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The method further comprises: Receiving input information of the contracting service or the first certification service from the first node; Obtain the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service; the service result of the contract signing service or the first certification service is obtained by inputting the input information of the contract signing service or the first certification service into the contract signing service or the first certification service.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The method further includes: providing a service result of the contract service or the first certification service to the second node.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that The input information of the contracting service or the first certification service includes information indicating the identification of the first node.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that If the first information is information used to indicate a contracted service, the input information of the contracted service also includes: second proof information or a first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that The service result of the contract service or the first attestation service includes: the correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node; wherein the contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The identifier of the first node includes a first type of identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node; the first type of identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or the first type of identifier corresponds to an attribute of the user.

21. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The address of the contract service or the first certification service is a website address; the method further comprises: Receive a service result of the contract service or the first certification service, and / or a hash value of the service result of the contract service or the first certification service.

22. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that The blockchain node is a network element in a telecommunications network.

23. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to the second node, the method comprises: Receiving a service result of a contract service or a first certification service from a blockchain node, and storing the service result of the contract service or the first certification service; Send the service result of the contract service or the first certification service to the first node.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that The service result of the contract service or the first attestation service includes: the correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node; wherein the contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that The identifier of the first node includes a first type of identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node; the first type of identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or the first type of identifier corresponds to an attribute of the user.

26. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to the second node, the method comprises: receiving input information from a contracting service or a first certification service; Obtaining a service result of the contract service or the first certification service according to input information of the contract service or the first certification service; Sending the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service, and / or the hash value of the service result of the contract service or the first attestation service to the blockchain node; and / or, Send the service result of the contract service or the first certification service to the first node.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that The service result of the contract service or the first attestation service includes: the correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node; wherein the contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that The identifier of the first node includes a first type of identifier of the first node or a permanent identifier of a user of the first node; the first type of identifier is used to represent the identity of the user or the first type of identifier corresponds to an attribute of the user.

29. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that The blockchain node is a network element in a telecommunications network.

30. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to the first node, the method comprises: Obtaining first information; wherein the first information is used to indicate the address of the smart contract of the signing service or the first certification service; The signing service or the first attestation service is called based on the address of the smart contract to obtain a service result of the signing service or the first attestation service.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that The first information is stored in the first node.

32. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that The calling of the signing service or the first certification service based on the address of the smart contract includes: Based on the address of the smart contract, the input information of the signing service or the first proof service is sent to the blockchain node.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that The obtaining of the service result of the signing service or the first certification service includes: Receive the service result of the signing service or the first proof service from the second node or the blockchain node; the service result of the signing service or the first proof service is obtained by inputting the input information of the signing service or the first proof service into the smart contract of the signing service or the first proof service.

34. The method according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that The input information of the contracting service or the first certification service includes information indicating an identification of the first node.

35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that If the first information is information used to indicate the contract service, the input information of the contract service also includes: the second proof information or the first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

36. The method according to any one of claims 30 to 35, characterized in that The service result of the contract service or the first attestation service includes: the correspondence between the contract information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node; wherein the contract information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

37. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that Blockchain nodes are network elements in telecommunications networks.

38. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to a blockchain node, the method comprises: receiving input information from a contracting service or a first certification service; Execute the smart contract of the contract service or the first certification service according to the input information of the contract service or the first certification service to obtain the service result of the contract service or the first certification service; Provide the first node with a service result of the signing service or the first certification service.

39. The method according to claim 38, characterized in that If the input information of the contract service or the first proof service is the input information of the contract service, the input information of the contract service also includes: the second proof information or the first address of the first node, the second proof information is the service result of the second proof service; the first address is the storage address of the second proof information in the blockchain node.

40. The method according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that The service result of the signing service or the first attestation service includes: the correspondence between the signing information and the identifier of the first node, or the correspondence between the first attestation information and the identifier of the first node; wherein the signing information is used to indicate the service that the first node has subscribed to, and the first attestation information is used to prove the identity of the first node.

41. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 40, characterized in that The method further comprises: Provide the second node with the service result of the signing service or the first certification service.

42. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 41, characterized in that The blockchain node is a network element in a telecommunications network.

43. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device is used to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1-42.

44. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor configured to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 42.

45. A communication device, characterized in that: include: a processor coupled to the memory; The processor is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory so that the communication device executes the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 42.

46. ​​A communication device, characterized in that: include: processor and interface circuit; wherein, The interface circuit is used to receive code instructions and transmit them to the processor; The processor is configured to execute the code instructions to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-42.

47. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device includes a processor and a transceiver, the transceiver is used for information exchange between the communication device and other communication devices, and the processor executes program instructions to perform the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-42.

48. A communication system, characterized in that: The communication system includes one or more first nodes, one or more blockchain nodes and one or more second nodes, the one or more first nodes are used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1-11 or any one of claims 30-37, the one or more blockchain nodes are used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 12-22 or any one of claims 38-42, and the one or more second nodes are used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 23-29.

49. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium includes a computer program or instructions, and when the computer program or instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 42.

50. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product comprises: a computer program or instructions, and when the computer program or instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 42.

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