Generation and processing of data associated with chemical materials in decentral systems

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of sustainability, in particular to the field of sustainable industrialization. The disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer elements for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material. The disclosure further relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer elements for validating i chemical material data associated with chemical material (s). The disclosure further relates to the use of validated chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) as generated herein to generate chemical product passports associated with chemical products produced at least in part from such chemical material (s).

Description

[0001] GENERATION AND PROCESSING OF DATA ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL MATERIALS IN DECENTRAL SYSTEMS

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The invention relates to the field of sustainability, in particular to the field of sustainable industrialization. The disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer elements for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material. The disclosure further relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer elements for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce chemical product(s). The disclosure further relates to the use of validated chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) as generated herein to generate chemical product passports associated with chemical products produced at least in part from such chemical material(s).

[0004] TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0005] In the supply and production of chemical products multiple regulatory requirements need to be met, which differ depending on the chemical product. To fulfil such regulatory requirements, data on such chemical products may need to be exchanged between different participants involved in the production and use of such chemical products. Such data may be exchanged in a secure and controlled manner within a decentral network connecting different participants involved in the production of chemical products and / or the recycling of end-of-life products produced using such chemical products. Owing to the transfer of highly standardized data packages within the decentral network, generation of such data packages is cumbersome in handling, especially for various supply chain participants. Hence, there is a need to simply generation of data packages, in particular for chemical material(s) used to produce the chemical product, which can be exchanged via a decentral network while at the same time ensuring transfer of all data required for further processing, such as for generation of chemical product passports associated with the chemical products.

[0006] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Disclosed is in one aspect a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material, wherein the chemical material is used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), the method comprising:

[0008] • providing data associated with the chemical material including at least one chemical material identifier;

[0009] • gathering - based on the provided data associated with the chemical material - chemical material data from one or more databases;

[0010] • generating the chemical material data set by transforming the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical product(s); • providing the generated chemical material data set for access by a decentral data consuming node under control of or controlled by a decentral data providing node associated with data owner of the generated chemical material data set.

[0011] In a further aspect disclosed is an apparatus for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material, wherein the chemical material is used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), the apparatus comprising:

[0012] • a data providing interface configured to provide data associated with the chemical material including at least one chemical material identifier;

[0013] • a data gathering unit configured to gather - based on the provided data associated with the chemical material - chemical material data from one or more databases;

[0014] • a chemical material data set generator configured to generate the chemical material data set by transforming the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical product(s);

[0015] • a decentral network interface configured to provide the generated chemical material data set for access by a decentral data consuming node under control of or controlled by a decentral data providing node associated with data owner of the generated chemical material data set.

[0016] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a system for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material, wherein the chemical material is used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), the system comprising:

[0017] • a data source layer configured to provide chemical material data from one or more data source(s),

[0018] • a data consumer layer configured to gather the chemical material data provided by the one or more data source(s) containing one or more data instances that relate to the chemical material;

[0019] • a data transformer layer configured to generate the chemical material data set by transforming the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical product(s);

[0020] • a connector layer to a decentral network configured to provide the generated chemical material data set for access by a decentral data consuming node under control of or controlled by a decentral data providing node associated with data owner of the generated chemical material data set.

[0021] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material, wherein the chemical material is used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), the method comprising:

[0022] • receiving via a decentral network incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data;

[0023] • gathering - based on the received incident data - chemical material data associated with the chemical material; • updating one or more rule(s) associated with the chemical material based on the received incident data;

[0024] • generating an updated chemical material data set by transforming the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical product(s), wherein at least one of the rule(s) is an updated rule;

[0025] • providing the generated updated chemical material data set for access by a decentral data consuming node under control of or controlled by a decentral data providing node associated with data owner of the generated chemical material data set.

[0026] In yet a further aspect disclosed is an apparatus for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material, wherein the chemical material is used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), the apparatus comprising:

[0027] • a decentral network interface configured to receive via a decentral network incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data;

[0028] • a data gathering unit configured to gather - based on the received incident data - chemical material data associated with the chemical material;

[0029] • a rule updater configured to update one or more rule(s) associated with the chemical material based on the received incident data;

[0030] • a data transformer configured to generate an updated chemical material data set by transforming the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical product(s), wherein at least one of the rule(s) is an updated rule;

[0031] • a decentral network interface configured to provide the generated updated chemical material data set for access by a decentral data consuming node under control of or controlled by a decentral data providing node associated with data owner of the generated chemical material data set.

[0032] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a system for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material, wherein the chemical material is used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), the system comprising:

[0033] • a connector layer to a decentral network configured to receive via a decentral network incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data;

[0034] • a data source layer configured to provide chemical material data from one or more data source(s),

[0035] • a data consuming layer configured to gather - based on the received incident data - chemical material data associated with the chemical material;

[0036] • a rule updater configured to update one or more rule(s) associated with the chemical material based on the received incident data; • a data transformer layer configured to generate an updated chemical material data set by transforming the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical product(s), wherein at least one of the rule(s) is an updated rule;

[0037] • a connector layer to the decentral network configured to provide the generated updated chemical material data set for access by a decentral data consuming node under control of or controlled by a decentral data providing node associated with data owner of the generated chemical material data set.

[0038] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the method comprising:

[0039] • providing chemical product data including chemical product identifier(s) and chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s);

[0040] • obtaining the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on the provided chemical material identifier(s), in particular wherein the chemical material data is generated by the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein or by the systems disclosed herein;

[0041] • validating at least a part of the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products;

[0042] • linking the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers;

[0043] • determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data;

[0044] • providing the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data.

[0045] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the method comprising:

[0046] • providing chemical product data including chemical product identifier(s) and chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s);

[0047] • obtaining the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on the provided chemical material identifier(s), in particular wherein the chemical material data is generated by the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein or by the systems disclosed herein;

[0048] • validating at least a part of the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products;

[0049] • linking the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers;

[0050] • providing the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data.

[0051] In yet a further aspect disclosed is an apparatus for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the apparatus comprising:

[0052] • a product data providing interface configured to provide chemical product data including chemical product identifier(s) and chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s);

[0053] • a decentral network interface configured to obtain the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on the provided chemical material identifier(s), in particular wherein the chemical material data is generated by the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein or by the systems disclosed herein;

[0054] • a data validator configured to validate at least a part of the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products;

[0055] • a linking unit configured to link the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers;

[0056] • a storage determinator configured to determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data;

[0057] • a validated data providing interface configured to provide the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data.

[0058] In yet a further aspect disclosed is an apparatus for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the apparatus comprising:

[0059] • a product data providing interface configured to provide chemical product data including chemical product identifier(s) and chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s);

[0060] • a decentral network interface configured to obtain the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on the provided chemical material identifier(s), in particular wherein the chemical material data is generated by the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein or by the systems disclosed herein;

[0061] • a data validator configured to validate at least a part of the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products;

[0062] • a linking unit configured to link the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers;

[0063] • a validated data providing interface configured to provide the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data.

[0064] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a system for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the apparatus comprising:

[0065] • a connector layer to a decentral network configured to obtain the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s);

[0066] • a service layer including one or more input node(s) configured to gather the chemical material data provided by the connector layer and to provide the gathered chemical material data as chemical material data set(s) to one or more downstream node(s), in particular wherein the chemical material data is generated by the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein or by the systems disclosed herein,

[0067] • a data validation layer comprising the one or more downstream node(s) and configured to o validate at least a part of the chemical material data set(s) provided by the service layer by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products, o link the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers, o determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data, o provide the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data ,

[0068] • a storage layer comprising one or more databases and configured to store the provided validated chemical material data.

[0069] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a system for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the apparatus comprising: • a connector layer to a decentral network configured to obtain the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s);

[0070] • a service layer including one or more input node(s) configured to gather the chemical material data provided by the connector layer and to provide the gathered chemical material data as chemical material data set(s) to one or more downstream node(s), in particular wherein the chemical material data is generated by the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein or by the systems disclosed herein,

[0071] • a data validation layer comprising the one or more downstream node(s) and configured to o validate at least a part of the chemical material data set(s) provided by the service layer by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products, o link the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers, o provide the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data ,

[0072] • a storage layer comprising one or more databases and configured to store the provided validated chemical material data.

[0073] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the method comprising:

[0074] • generating incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data;

[0075] • providing the generated incident data via a decentral network to the decentral data providing node associated with the non-validated chemical material data,

[0076] • receiving updated chemical material data from the decentral data providing node(s) via the decentral network;

[0077] • validating at least a part of the updated chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products;

[0078] • linking the validated chemical material data to at least one associated chemical product identifier;

[0079] • determining storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data;

[0080] • providing the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data. In yet a further aspect disclosed is an apparatus for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the apparatus comprising:

[0081] • an incident data generator configured to generate incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data;

[0082] • a decentral network interface configured to provide the generated incident data via a decentral network to the decentral data providing node associated with the non-validated chemical material data,

[0083] • a decentral network interface configured to receive updated chemical material data from the decentral data providing node(s) via the decentral network;

[0084] • a data validator configured to validate at least a part of the updated chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products;

[0085] • a linking unit configured to link the validated chemical material data to at least one associated chemical product identifier;

[0086] • a storage determinator configured to determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data;

[0087] • a data providing interface configured to provide the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data.

[0088] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a system for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the apparatus comprising:

[0089] • a connector layer to a decentral network configured to o provide generated incident data via a decentral network to the decentral data providing node associated with the non-validated chemical material data, o receive updated chemical material data from the decentral data providing node(s) via the decentral network;

[0090] • a service layer including one or more input node(s) configured to gather the updated chemical material data provided by the connector layer and to provide the gathered updated chemical material data as updated chemical material data set(s) to one or more downstream node(s),

[0091] • a data validation layer comprising the one or more downstream node(s) and configured to o generate the incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data, o validate at least a part of the updated chemical material data set(s) provided by the service layer by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products, o link the validated chemical material data to at least one associated chemical product identifier, o determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data, o provide the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data,

[0092] • a storage layer comprising one or more databases and configured to store the provided validated chemical material data.

[0093] In yet a further aspect disclosed is a use of the validated chemical material data associated with chemical materials as generated by the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatuses disclosed herein or by the systems disclosed herein for generating chemical product passports associated with chemical products produced at least in part from the chemical material(s).

[0094] In yet another aspect disclosed is a computer element, in particular a computer program product or a computer readable medium, with instructions, which when executed on one or more computing node(s) are configured to carry out the steps of any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0095] In yet another aspect the present disclosure relates to a computer element with instructions, which when executed on one or more computing node(s) is configured to carry out the steps of the method(s) of the present disclosure or configured to be carried out by the apparatus(es) of the present disclosure.

[0096] Any disclosure, embodiments and examples described herein relate to the methods, the apparatuses, systems, the uses and computer elements lined out above and below. Advantageously, the benefits provided by any of the embodiments and examples equally apply to all other embodiments and examples.

[0097] Embodiments

[0098] In the following, embodiments of the present disclosure will be outlined by ways of embodiments and / or examples. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to said embodiments and / or examples.

[0099] To enable or improve the exchange of chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), simple and efficient generation of such chemical material data is crucial. However, sharing of chemical material data set(s) within a decentral network is generally associated with the use of highly complex data model(s) to ensure uniform data set(s) containing all required data point(s). Such complex data model(s) are, however, associated with high cost for generation and maintenance. Hence, use of such complex data models makes the generation of chemical material data set(s) a complicated and tedious effort. Such effort may not be feasible for small supplier companies, hence posing a hurdle for sharing chemical material data associated with chemical materials produced by such companies within the decentral network.

[0100] By using a rule-based engine including rule(s) associated with a chemical product produced from such chemical material(s), in particular associated with data model(s) of the chemical product or a chemical product type, it can be ensured that chemical material data point(s) required according to the data model, such as an aspect model, associated with the chemical product or the chemical product type produced from such chemical materials are contained in chemical material data set, hence avoiding missing data point(s) during generation of a chemical product passport associated with the chemical product using said data model. Since the rule(s) are derived from the data model of the chemical product or the chemical product type, suppliers producing chemical material(s) or further chemical material(s) used as input material(s) in the production of such chemical product do not necessarily have to use complex data models to generate the chemical material data set(s). Instead, existing data models for chemical products or chemical product types may be used to generate rule(s) used during generation of chemical material data set(s), hence avoiding costly and cumbersome generation of such models for the chemical material or the further chemical material.

[0101] By transforming the gathered chemical material data using such rule-based engine, aggregation of the gathered chemical material data into a given data structure, such as a tabular representation, can be achieved without the use of complex data models, hence facilitating simple generation and reliable sharing of chemical material data set(s) by chemical material producers within the product ecosystem. The chemical material data set(s) may be associated with authorization rule(s), hence avoiding unauthorized access to such data and ensuring secure sharing of such data via the decentral network. The chemical material data set(s), such as the tabular representation, may be stored within a dedicated storage associated with the data owner of the data set(s) for consumption of such data set(s) by a decentral data consuming node associated with a data consumer under the control of the data owner. Hence, the chemical material data sets can be directly consumed based on identifier(s) associated with such data set(s) and endpoint(s) of decentral data providing node(s) associated with the dedicated storage without having to use any intermediary registries, such as decentral registries storing access elements pointing to chemical material data set(s) generated using highly defined data models.

[0102] By using rule template(s) including unstructured data associated with transformation operation(s), generation of one or more rule(s) may be facilitated using natural language, hence allowing simple and reliable generation of rule(s) based on natural language text, such as user input, contract clauses, etc. In addition, the rule template(s) may be predefined, hence allowing generation of chemical material data set(s) based on given rule template(s) and rule(s), resulting in a further simplification of the generation of the chemical material data set(s). By enabling simple generation of chemical material data set(s), such chemical material data set(s) can be reliably shared within a decentral network by supply chain participants who are not familiar with data models or who can't afford to create such complicated data model(s). Such sharing may enable more efficient production of further chemical material(s), chemical products and / or recycling processes of endproducts produced from such chemical products based on the shared chemical material data, for instance based on chemical material composition data included in the shared chemical material data. By using a decentral network, the generated chemical material data set(s) may be shared in a secure yet controlled manner by avoiding access to such data set(s) by unauthorized decentral network participant(s), hence avoiding unwanted transparency on supply chains and / or chemical composition of the chemical material or further chemical material by third parties.

[0103] By using a rule-based engine operating on data point level, multiple data points level or whole data level, it may be ensured that the generated chemical material data set include(s) all chemical material data point(s) required by the semantic model or data model associated with the chemical product or chemical product type the chemical product is associated with. This ensures that chemical product passports associated with such chemical products can be reliably generated from data gathered via the decentral network, without a risk that required data point(s) are missing, hence resulting in the chemical product passport having a low data quality. Since it may be required that chemical products sold to customers are associated with such chemical product passports, lack of generation of such chemical passports due to missing chemical material data may result in increased storage times of chemical products and may negatively influence downstream participants of the supply chain due to lack of chemical product supply. In addition, low data quality of the chemical product passports may negatively influence the processing of the chemical product and / or the production of products using the chemical product based on the data included in the chemical product passports.

[0104] By validating the chemical material data set(s) generated in a simple and efficient way using a rule-based engine including rules associated with the chemical product produced using chemical material(s) associated with such data set(s) as production input(s), it can be ensured that the consumed chemical material data set(s) include the data point(s) required by the data model. This allows to avoid missing data points upon generation of chemical product passports associated with such chemical products using the consumed chemical material data. Validation of consumed chemical material data sets by the consumer side ensures that the chemical product passport contains all data required by a data model used to generate such chemical product passport, hence allowing to reduce the complexity associated with the chemical material data set generation at the provider side by avoiding the use of complex data models during generation of the chemical material data set(s) since this complexity is shifted to the consumer side generating the chemical product passports. This may enable reliable sharing of chemical material data of chemical material(s) irrespective of the existence of data models for such chemical materials since the rule(s) required to transform the gathered chemical material data may be readily derived or generated from the data model associated with the chemical products or chemical product types or from data models derived from the data models associated with the chemical product or chemical product type.

[0105] By generating incident data during generation of the chemical material data at the provider side if application of one or more rule(s) by the rule-based engine results in an error (e.g. conditions stipulated in such rule(s) are not fulfilled), updated chemical material data may be generated and provided to the consumer side. This allows to ensure that the generated chemical material data set(s) fulfil the one or more applied rule(s), avoiding validation errors at the consumer side. By generating incident data during validation of the chemical material at the consumer side, data providers may be enabled to generate updated chemical material data set(s) fulfilling the validation rule(s) used by the rule-based engine at the consumer side. By using the incident data at the provider side to update rule(s) included in the rule-based engine transforming the gathered chemical material data ensures that chemical material data set(s) fulfilling the validation rule(s) used at the consumer side is generated, hence reducing the occurrence of errors and delays in the generation of chemical product passports.

[0106] Various units, entities, nodes or other computing components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. Configured to shall recite structure meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks on operation. The units, circuits, entities, nodes or other computing components can be configured to perform the task even when the unit / circuit / component is not operating. The units, circuits, entities, nodes or other computing components that form the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits and / or memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation. The units, circuits, entities, nodes or other computing components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions shall be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to.”

[0107] In general, the methods, apparatuses, systems, computer elements, nodes or other computing components described herein may include memory, software components and hardware components. The memory can include volatile memory such as static or dynamic random-access memory and / or nonvolatile memory such as optical or magnetic disk storage, flash memory, programmable read-only memories, etc. The hardware components may include any combination of combinatoric logic circuitry, clocked storage devices such as flops, registers, latches, etc., finite state machines, memory such as static random-access memory or embedded dynamic random-access memory, custom designed circuitry, programmable logic arrays, etc.

[0108] The method for generating the chemical material data set may be executed by one or more computing node(s) associated with a chemical material production producing the chemical material. The method for generating the chemical material data set may be executed by one or more computing node(s) associated with a chemical material producer. The chemical material producer may operate the chemical material production. The method for validating the chemical material data may be executed by one or more computing node(s) associated with a chemical production producing the further chemical materials. The method for validating the chemical material data may be executed by one or more computing node(s) associated with a chemical material product producer. The method for validating the chemical material data may be executed by one or more computing node(s) associated with a chemical production producing the chemical product. The method for validating the chemical material data may be executed by one or more computing node(s) associated with a chemical product producer. The chemical product producer may operate the chemical production.

[0109] Input material may refer to any good which is bought from suppliers and brought to the respective production plant. The input material may include starting material used in the production process of the production plant to produce the chemical product. An input material can be used in any production step used to produce the chemical product. The input material may be any chemical material produced by upstream production stages with respect to the chemical product production stage. Input material may include recycled material and / or virgin material. The input material may comprise or be any input material entering the chemical production. The input material may comprise or be any input material provided at any entry point of the chemical production.

[0110] Chemical material may include inorganic chemical materials and organic chemical materials. Inorganic chemical material(s) may be devoid of carbon atoms and / or carbon-hydrogen bond(s) while organic chemical material(s) include at least one carbon atom and / or at least one carbon-hydrogen bond. The chemical material may be a virgin chemical material (e.g. a chemical material not resulting as output product from a recycling process). The chemical material may be a recycled material. The chemical material may be a naturally occurring chemical material, i.e. any unprocessed chemical substance that is found in nature, such as chemicals from plants, micro-organisms, animals, the earth and the sea or any chemical substance that is found in nature and extracted using a process that does not change its chemical composition. The chemical material may be an intermediate chemical material.

[0111] The chemical material may be produced via one or more process steps. The process steps may involve chemical reactions and / or physical processes. The chemical material may comprise or be any product produced by a production and provided at any exit point of the production. The chemical material may be used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s). The chemical product may be produced by a production chain including at least two production stages. The production stages may include chemical material production stage(s) producing chemical material(s) and the chemical production stage producing the chemical product. The chemical material produced by an upstream production stage may be used as production input by a downstream production stage. The downstream production stage may be a further chemical material production stage or the chemical product production stage. The chemical material may be used as input material in any of the downstream production stages associated with the production of the chemical product. The chemical product(s) may be produced by one or more downstream participants which may use the chemical material(s) produced by one or more upstream participants as input material(s). The chemical material may be associated with a chemical material identifier. The chemical material identifier may be a digital or virtual chemical material identifier. The chemical material identifier may uniquely identify the chemical material within the entity producing the chemical material. The chemical material identifier may uniquely identify the chemical material within the decentral network. The chemical material identifier may be associated with an identifier element physically connected to the chemical material. The identifier element may encode the digital chemical material identifier. The chemical material identifier may include a chemical material name, a chemical material number, a LOT number, a batch number, a serial number, etc..

[0112] The chemical product may be produced at least in part from the one or more chemical material(s) by chemical reaction(s) and / or physical processes. The physical process(es) may involve the use of chemical production inputs, such as chemical materials. Physical process(es) may include mixing, dispersing, extrusion, molding, casting, coating and / or filling. The chemical material(s) may be used as educts or starting material(s) within the chemical reaction(s). Chemical reactions may include any chemical reaction commonly known in the state of the art in which the reactants are converted to one or more different chemical products. Chemical reactions may involve the use of catalysts, enzymes, bacteria, etc. to achieve the chemical reaction between the reactants.

[0113] The chemical materials may be associated with the chemical material data sets (e.g. assets). The chemical material data set may include a chemical material identifier associated with the chemical material data set and chemical material data transformed by the rule-based engine. The chemical material identifier may be associated with the chemical material. The chemical material identifier, e.g. the asset identifier, may be different from the digital chemical material identifier uniquely identifying the chemical material within the chemical material production. The chemical material identifier may not be discoverable by participant nodes of the decentral network. The chemical material identifier may not be accessible within the decentral network for participant nodes of the decentral network.

[0114] The chemical material and the chemical product may be part of a product ecosystem. The product ecosystem may include production chains to produce a product. The product may be a chemical product, a component, a component assembly or an end-product. The product ecosystem may include processing chains to process used products resulting from the use of produced products. Processing chains may include recycling chains to recycle at least part of the used product or a component thereof. Processing chains may include re-use chains to re-use the used product. The product ecosystem may include various participants, such as raw input material producers, chemical product producers, chemical product users, end-product producers, end-product users, EOL product collectors and recyclers. The product ecosystem may allow to use of recycled materials resulting from recycling of end-of-life end products to produce new products, such as chemical products. The product ecosystem may be associated with the production and / or re-use and / or recycling of physical products.

[0115] The participants of the product ecosystem may be connected via a decentral network. The decentral network may include one or more decentral network node(s) configured to perform data transactions. The decentral network node(s) may be associated with participants of the product ecosystem. The data transactions may be based on a transaction protocol including authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s). Based on the authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s) a peer-to-peer network between decentral network node(s) of the decentral network may be established. The one or more authentication mechanism(s) may be associated with or linked to decentral identifier(s). The one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with decentral identifier(s) may be provided to decentral network node(s). The one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with decentral identifier(s) may be accessible by decentral network node(s). The decentral configuration allows for more efficient use of computing resources and strengthens control by each data owner of the decentral network.

[0116] The decentral data providing network node may comprise computer-executable instructions for providing and / or processing data within a decentral network, such as the chemical material data sets, by a decentral data consuming network node. The decentral data providing network node may be associated with or connected to one or more dedicated data storage(s) storing the chemical material data sets. The decentral data providing network node may be directly or indirectly connected to the data storage(s) storing the chemical material data sets. Hence, the decentral data providing network node may be associated with the chemical material data sets. The dedicated data storage(s) may be under control of the data owner of the chemical material data sets. The data owner may be an entity having access to the chemical material data sets and controlling access by data consuming services of the decentral network to the chemical material data sets. The data owner may be the chemical material producer. Via the chemical material identifier and its unique association with the data owner and chemical material data set access to the chemical material data set may be controlled by the data owner. The chemical material data sets may be accessible for the data owner. The data owner may hence directly or indirectly own the chemical material data sets. The chemical material data sets may be stored in a database of or associated with the data owner. The chemical material data sets may be stored in a database accessible by the data owner. The data owner may control access to the chemical material data sets via the data providing service of the data owner. The data owner may control access to the chemical material data sets. The chemical material data sets may be associated with the data owner. The data owner may be the owner of the chemical material data sets or the chemical material data set owner. The chemical material data sets may be stored in a data base of or under control by the data owner.

[0117] The decentral data consuming network node may comprise computer-executable instructions for accessing and / or processing data within a decentral network, such as chemical material data, provided by a decentral data providing network node. The decentral data consuming network node may be controlled or owned by or associated with a consumer of the chemical material data (e.g. the entity generating the chemical product passport). The consumer may be any entity processing the chemical material data. The consumer may be any entity operating a chemical production configured to process the chemical material associated with the chemical material data as chemical material(s) Processing may include using the chemical material as input materials to produce chemical products. The consumer may be an upstream participant of the chemical material producer in the product ecosystem.

[0118] A rule-based engine may be used to transform at least part of the gathered chemical material data associated with chemical material(s). The rule-based engine may be a software or software component that applies one or more rules to at least part of the gathered chemical material data. The rule(s) may include or correspond to executable logic. The executable logic may be generated from a rule template including unstructured data associated with instructions related to transformation operation(s). The rulebased engine used to transform at least part of the gathered chemical material data may include one or more rule(s) associated with chemical product(s) produced from the chemical material (s). The one or more rule(s) may be associated with or derived from the data model of the chemical product or chemical product type. Hence, the one or more rule(s) may ensure that data point(s) for such chemical materials required according to the data model may be included in the generated chemical material data set. The one or more rule(s) may be defined by the mandatory chemical material data points present within or defined by the data model. The one or more rule(s) may be generated based on the mandatory chemical material data points present within or defined by the data model. This may ensure that chemical material data required by the data model is included in the generated chemical material data set. The one or more rule(s) may hence be generated or defined by the data model associated with the chemical product produced from the chemical material(s) as input materials. The one or more rule(s) may hence not be derived or generated based on a data model associated with the produced chemical materials. This may allow to avoid generation of complex data models for produced chemical materials but may instead allow to use existing data models of chemical product(s) or chemical product type(s) for generation of rule(s) to transform gathered chemical material data to chemical material data set(s).

[0119] The rule-based engine may operate on individual data point level, combination of data points or the whole gathered chemical material data. The operation of the rule-based engine may be defined by the one or more rule(s). The rule(s) may include or correspond to executable logic. The executable logic may be generated from a rule template including unstructured data associated with instructions related to validation operation(s). Rule(s) associated with individual data point(s) may include one or more rule(s) defining condition(s) for individual data points present with the gathered chemical material data. Use of such rule(s) allows to ensure that data point(s) required by the data model associated with the chemical product or chemical product type are contained in the generated chemical material data sets. Rule(s) associated with multiple data points may include one or more rules defining required combination of data points. Use of such rule(s) allows to ensure that combination(s) of data point(s) required by the data associated with the chemical product or chemical product type are contained within the generated chemical material data sets.

[0120] A rule-based engine may be used to validate at least part of the chemical material data gathered via the decentral network. The rule-based engine may be a software or software component that applies one or more rules to at least part of the gathered chemical material data. The rule-based engine used to validate at least part of the gathered chemical material data may include one or more rule(s) associated with chemical product(s). The one or more rule(s) may be associated with or derived from or generated based on the data model of the chemical product or chemical product type. Hence, the one or more rule(s) may ensure that data point(s) for such chemical materials required according to the data model may be included in the gathered chemical material data. The one or more rule(s) may be defined by the mandatory chemical material data points present within the data model. The one or more rule(s) may be generated based on the mandatory chemical material data points present within the data model. This may ensure that chemical material data required by the data model is included in the gathered chemical material data, hence ensuring reliable and efficient generation of chemical product passports using such validated chemical material data.

[0121] The rule-based engine may operate on individual data point level, combination of data points or the whole gathered chemical material data. The operation of the rule-based engine may be defined by the one or more rule(s). Rule(s) associated with individual data point(s) may include one or more rule(s) defining condition(s) for individual data points present with the gathered chemical material data. Use of such rule(s) allows to ensure that data point(s) required by the data model associated with the chemical product or chemical product type are contained in the consumed chemical material data. Rule(s) associated with multiple data points may include one or more rules defining required combination of data points. Use of such rule(s) allows to ensure that combination(s) of data point(s) required by the data model associated with the chemical product or chemical product type are contained within the consumed chemical material data.

[0122] The chemical product passport may refer to a data set having a defined semantic structure. The defined semantic structure may be obtained by applying a data model, such as an aspect model, to validated chemical material data and chemical product data associated with the respective chemical product. The chemical product passport may include a chemical product identifier, at least one decentral identifier, validated chemical material data and chemical product data (e.g. passport data). The chemical product passport may include one or more authentication mechanisms associated with the decentral identifier(s), the validated chemical material data and the chemical product data. The chemical product passport may relate to one or more authorization mechanisms associated with the decentral identifier(s), the validated chemical material data and the chemical product data. The one or more authorization mechanisms may include authorization rules determining if access to the at least a part of the validated chemical material data and / or chemical product data is granted. The chemical product passport may be associated with one or more digital representations of the passport data or a part thereof. The digital representations may be regarded as access element(s) providing access to the chemical product passport or parts thereof. The digital representation may include a decentral identifier and access data for accessing the passport data or the part thereof. The access data may include a locator or pointer, such as am url or uri, to a dedicated storage storing the passport data, such as a dedicated storage address, associated with the data owner of the chemical product passport. The pointer or locator may point directly to the dedicated storage. The pointer or locator may point to a data providing network node associated with the dedicated storage. The access element may include one or more authentication mechanisms associated with the decentral identifier(s) and the access data. The access element may be associated with one or more authentication mechanisms associated with the decentral identifier(s) and the access data. The access element may be provided to a decentral registry storing access elements to be discoverable and / or accessible by participant node(s) of the decentral network. The decentral identifier may be discoverable and / or accessible by participant node(s) of the decentral network, for example via the access elements stored in the decentral registry. The decentral registry may be associated with the data owner of the passport data. The decentral registry may be associated with a data providing network node. This may allow to control access to such registry and access to access element(s) stored in such registry via the data providing network node. The decentral registry may be associated with a participant of the product ecosystem. The decentral registry may be associated with the data owner of the chemical product passport. The decentral registry may be part of the decentral network but may not be associated with a particular participant of the product ecosystem, e.g. may be regarded as infrastructure node of the decentral network.

[0123] In an embodiment, the one or more databases are distributed databases, wherein at least one of the databases stores instance(s) of the chemical material data. A distributed database may be a collection of data stored at different sites of a computer network. Each site might expose a degree of autonomy, providing services for the execution of local applications, but also participating in the execution of a global application. For instance, a distributed data source may be a distributed database. A distributed database can be created by splitting and scattering the data of an existing database over different sites or by federating together multiple existing databases. Each data source may contain only a fragment of the data associated with the respective chemical material. This leads to a fragmentation of said data. Two common types of data fragmentation are horizontal fragmentation, wherein (possibly overlapping) subsets of data tuples are stored at different sites; and vertical fragmentation, wherein (possibly overlapping) subtuples of data tuples are stored at different sites. More generally, the data associated with the chemical product may be fragmented into a set of relations (tables of a relational database, distributed across multiple sites).

[0124] In an embodiment, the chemical material is a chemical intermediate product. The chemical intermediate product may be produced from virgin input material(s) and / or recycled input material(s). The virgin material(s) may include naturally occurring chemical material(s) and / or chemical material(s) produced via at least one production step. The at least one production step may include chemical reaction(s) and / or physical process(es).

[0125] In an embodiment, the gathered chemical material data includes chemical material identifier data, property data associated with the chemical material, chemical material name data, chemical material producer data, chemical material declaration data, chemical material safety data, emission data associated with the chemical material, recyclate content data associated with the chemical material, biobased content data associated with the chemical material, biodegradability data associated with the chemical material, production data associated with the chemical material, certificate of analysis data associated with the chemical material, certificate data associated with the chemical material, life cycle data associated with the chemical material, storage instruction data associated with the chemical material, assembly instructions associated with the chemical material, operating conditions associated with the chemical material or a combination thereof.

[0126] Chemical material identifier data may include a batch number, a serial number, a LOT number or a combination thereof.

[0127] Property data may include at least one measured chemical and / or physical property of the produced chemical material and / or at least one chemical and / or physical property determined from collected data associated with the production of chemical material. The data may be collected before, during and / or after production of the chemical material. The collected data may be used to determine at least one physical and / or chemical property of the produced chemical material. For instance, the at least one physical and / or chemical property may be determined from sensor data obtained from sensor(s). The data may be collected with a suitable sensor configured to measure the chemical and / or physical property. The chemical property may be a property of the chemical material that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction. Hence, the chemical property may be any quality that can be established only by changing the chemical identity of the chemical material. Examples of chemical properties include heat of combustion, enthalpy of formation, toxicity, chemical stability in a given environment, flammability, oxidation state(s), ability to corrode, combustibility, acidity and basicity, chemical composition, recyclate content used for producing or manufacturing the product, bio-based content used for producing or manufacturing the product, renewable content used for producing or manufacturing the product and / or pH value. The physical property may be any property of the chemical material that is measurable. Hence, the value of a physical property describes a state of the chemical material. Examples of physical properties include absorption, brittleness, boiling point, capacitance, color, concentration, continuous discharge, density, ductility, physical dimensions, distribution, efficacy, elasticity, electric charge, electrical conductivity, electrical impedance, electric potential, flow rate, fluidity, hardness, capacity, inductance, intrinsic impedance, luminance, luminescence, luster, mass, melting point, opacity, permeability, permittivity, plasticity, pulse discharge, power, pressure, radiance, resistivity, reflectivity, refractive index, solubility, specific heat, strength, stiffness, temperature, tension, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, weight, viscosity, volume and / or wave impedance. The measured at least one physical and / or chemical property may be obtained by sensors configured to measure such property. The sensor may be included in a measuring device. The sensor may correspond to the measuring device. Recyclate content data and / or bio-based content data may comprise any data related to the recyclate content or the bio-based content used for providing or manufacturing the chemical material.

[0128] Emission data may comprise any data related to environmental footprint. The environmental footprint may refer to the chemical material and its associated environmental footprint. The environmental footprint may be chemical material specific. For instance, the environmental footprint may relate to the chemical material or additional chemical material-specific relations. Emission data may include data relating to the carbon footprint of the chemical material or a Product Carbon Footprint (PCF). Emission data may include data relating to greenhouse gas emissions e.g. released in production of the chemical material. Emission data may include data related to greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions may include emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, methane (CPU) emission, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emission, perfluorocarbons (PFCs) emission, sulphurhexafluoride (SFe) emission, nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) emission, combinations thereof and additional emissions.

[0129] Emission data may include data related to greenhouse gas emissions of an entities or companies own operations (production, power plants and waste incineration). Scope 2 may comprise emissions from energy production which is sourced externally. Scope 3 may comprise all other emissions along the value chain. Specifically, this may include the greenhouse gas emissions of raw materials obtained from suppliers. Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) may sum up greenhouse gas emissions and removals from the consecutive and interlinked process steps related to a particular chemical material. Cradle-to-gate PCF may sum up greenhouse gas emissions based on selected process steps: e.g. from the extraction of resources up to the factory gate where the chemical material leaves the company. Such PCFs may be called partial PCFs. In order to achieve such summation, each company providing any products may provide the scope 1 and scope 2 contributions to the PCF for each of its products..

[0130] Production data may comprise any data related to the production of the chemical material. Production data may include monitoring and / or control data associated with the production of the chemical material. Production data may be acquired prior to, during and / or after production of the chemical material.

[0131] In an embodiment, the rule-based engine operates on individual data points present within at least part of the gathered chemical material data, multiple data points present within at least part of the gathered chemical material data or the whole gathered chemical material data. The rule-based engine may be configured to transform gathered chemical material data based on one or more included rule(s). The rulebased engine may apply one or more rule(s) to individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) and / or the whole data set to generate the chemical material data set(s). If the rule-based engine determines that individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) and / or the whole data matches one or more condition(s) in the rule(s), such individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) or the whole data may be included in the generated chemical material data set. In an embodiment, the one or more rule(s) are generated from a rule template including unstructured data associated with instructions related to transformation operation(s). The instructions may signify the transformation operation(s). The instruction(s) may relate to the transformation operation(s). The transformation operation(s) may relate to aggregation chemical material data gathered from multiple data sources into a given data structure, filters to filter gathered chemical material data, attribute construction(s) to create or add new attributes to the gathered chemical material data and / or a trigger condition and a corresponding group of one more actions. The rule template may be used to generate executable logic that may be executed by the rule-based engine. Use of a rule template may facilitate generation of one or more rule(s) since the instructions for generation of executable logic may be formulated in natural language. The rule template may be a predefined rule template. The rule template may be generated to match data model(s) associated with chemical product(s) produced by using the chemical material as input material or chemical product type(s) the chemical product(s) are associated with. The rule template may be generated and provided by a third party. This may allow to provide rule template(s) as a service to data providers to further simplify the generation of the chemical material data sets and to lower the entry barrier for chemical material suppliers to generate and provide chemical material data sets via a decentral network to allow data consumers access to such data for generation of chemical product passports.

[0132] In an embodiment, the one or more rule(s) are associated with or are derived from or are generated based on a data model associated with at least one of the chemical products, in particular wherein the one or more rule(s) are defined by one or more mandatory chemical material data point(s) present within the data model. The data model may be associated with a chemical product type the chemical product is associated with. This may allow to avoid the use of complex data models associated with chemical materials and instead may allow to use existing data models of chemical product(s) or chemical product type(s) which are produced from such chemical material. This allows to significantly reduce the complexity of the generation of chemical material data sets for producers of such chemical material(s), hence ensuring reliable and efficient provision of such chemical material data set(s) within the decentral network for access by consuming entities for generation of chemical product passports.

[0133] In an embodiment, the one or more rule(s) define aggregation rule(s) for aggregating chemical material data gathered from multiple data sources into a given data structure, define filters to filter gathered chemical material data, define attribute construction(s) to create or add new attributes to the gathered chemical material data and / or include a trigger condition and a corresponding group of one more actions. The given data structure may be a tabular representation. Hence, the rule-based engine may be configured to generate, based on the one or more included rule(s), a tabular representation filled with gathered chemical material data matching one or more included rule(s). The tabular representation may be stored within a dedicated storage associated with the decentral data providing node, allowing provision of the tabular representation by requesting access to such tabular representation based on a chemical material identifier included in such tabular representation. Filters may define data point(s) to be included in the generated chemical material data set. For instance, a filter may define one for more chemical material property data point(s), chemical material identifier data point(s), chemical material name data point(s), chemical material producer data point(s), chemical material declaration data point(s), chemical material safety data point(s), chemical material emission data point(s), chemical material recyclate content data point(s), chemical material biobased content data point(s), chemical material biodegradability data point(s), chemical material production data point(s), chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), chemical material certificate data point(s), chemical material life cycle data point(s), chemical material storage instruction data point(s), chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or chemical material operating condition data point(s). A filter may define data point(s) per data category. A filter may define data point(s) for at least two different data categories. A data category may signify property data, declaration data, safety data, emission data, recyclate content data, biobased content data, biodegradability data, production data, certificate of analysis data, certificate data, storage instruction data, assembly instruction data or operating condition data.

[0134] In an embodiment, transforming the gathered chemical material data by the rule-based engine includes identifying one or more rule(s) applicable to the gathered chemical material data and providing the applicable rule(s) to the rule-based engine. The applicable rule(s) may be identified based on an identifier associated with each applicable rule matching or being related to at least one chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data. The applicable rule(s) may be included in a rule template. Hence transforming the gathered chemical material data may include identifying an applicable rule template. The applicable rule(s) and / or the applicable rule template may be stored on a database connected to the rule-based engine. The identifier associated with each applicable rule or rule template may correspond to a digital chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data. The applicable rule(s) or rule template may be gathered based on mapping data including identifier(s) associated with rule(s) or rule template(s) and associated chemical material identifier(s) and optionally chemical material type identifier(s).

[0135] In an embodiment, transforming the gathered chemical material data includes

[0136] • generating executable logic from the one or more identified applicable rule(s),

[0137] • and transforming the gathered chemical material data by executing the generated executable logic by the rule-based engine subject to rule execution criteria.

[0138] The rule execution criteria may be included in the executable logic. The execution criteria may relate to action(s) associated with triggers included in the executable logic. Generating executable logic allows provision of rule(s) or rule template(s) as unstructured data, such as in natural language, hence simplifying creation of executable logic by using rule template(s) or rule(s) including unstructured data, such as rule(s) and / or rule template(s) written in natural language. Simplifying creation of the executable logic ensures that the barrier to generate and provide chemical material data set(s) within the decentral network is lowered, hence ensuring that also small supplier entities are able to participate as data providers within the decentral network. This in turn allows data consumers generating chemical product passports to reliably consume all required chemical material data via the decentral network, hence ensuring efficient and reliable generation of chemical product passports using the gathered chemical material data. This way, the data quality of the chemical product passports may be improved, allowing more reliable processing of the chemical product and / or the production of products using the chemical product based on the data included the chemical product passports.

[0139] In an embodiment, the chemical material data set is generated responsive to fulfilment of one or more rule(s) applied to the gathered chemical material data by the rule-based engine. This may ensure that generation of chemical material data set(s) is only performed if at least a part of the rule(s) could be successfully applied to the gathered data by the rule-based engine, e.g. if application of the rule(s) did not result in an error, for example due to missing data, wrong data, incomplete data, etc.. This may ensure that only chemical material data set(s) are provided via the decentral network which fulfil the applied rule(s), hence avoiding errors during validation performed on the consumer side which may negatively influence the data quality of generated chemical product passports. This may in turn have a negative influence on the provision of such chemical products for example if certain data must be included in chemical product passport from a regulatory standpoint for chemical products sold to downstream participants of the product ecosystem. The delayed provision of such products may result in a negative influence on the production of downstream participants, since required chemical materials used as input materials are not available for production. In addition, the low data quality may negatively influence the processing of the chemical product based on the data included in the chemical product passport.

[0140] In an embodiment, the generated chemical material data set includes or is associated with at least one chemical material identifier, in particular the chemical material identifier(s) included in the provided data associated with the chemical material.

[0141] In an embodiment, the generated chemical material data set includes at least a part of the data included in the gathered chemical material data. For instance, the generated chemical material data set may include data point(s) defined by the one or more rule(s) used to generate the chemical material data set. Such rule(s) may define one or more data point(s) to be included in the generated chemical material data set(s).

[0142] In an embodiment, the generated chemical material data set includes chemical material property data point(s), chemical material identifier(s), chemical material name(s), chemical material producer data point(s), chemical material declaration data point(s), chemical material safety data point(s), chemical material emission data point(s), chemical material recyclate content data point(s), chemical material biobased content data point(s), chemical material biodegradability data point(s), chemical material production data point(s), chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), chemical material certificate data point(s), chemical material life cycle data point(s), chemical material storage instruction data point(s), chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or chemical material operating condition data point(s). For instance, the generated chemical material data set may include chemical material emission data point(s).

[0143] In an embodiment, the method further includes a step of generating group access data associated with the generated chemical material data set and optionally one or more authorization rule(s) defining access to and / or usage of the generated chemical material data set. The group access data may identify access control groups including decentral participant identifier(s) associated with decentral network participants permitted to access at the generated chemical material data set. This access group data may allow to control access to such data sets, hence avoiding access of unauthorized data consumers to such data. This may ensure that the chemical material data sets are only shared with such data consumers that require such data, for example for the generation of chemical product passports.

[0144] In an embodiment, the method further includes a step of generating a contract template including the digital chemical material identifier and the group access data identifier. The method may further include a step of linking the group access data to the digital chemical material identifier. The linking may be included in the contract template. The contract template may be used by the decentral data providing node to generate an electronic contract. The electronic contract may be provided to a decentral data consuming node requesting access to such chemical material data set(s) associated with the decentral data providing node. The contract may include access data. The access data may include an endpoint pointing to the dedicated storage storing the respective chemical material data set. This may allow the decentral data consumer node to use such endpoint within the request for such chemical material data upon accepting the electronic contract. The electronic contract may include authorization rule(s) associated with the usage of the chemical material data set(s). This may avoid unauthorized use of the provided chemical material data by the data consumer, hence improving data security.

[0145] In an embodiment, the access to the generated chemical material data set is controlled by the decentral data providing node associated with the data owner based on the group access data and contract template associated with the chemical material data set. This may allow to configure access to the chemical material data set such that access to such data by unauthorized data consumers is avoided. Access to the generated chemical material data set may be controlled based on the digital chemical material identifier associated with the chemical material data set and the chemical material.

[0146] In an embodiment, the method further includes a step of generating incident data responsive to the determination that at least one rule applied by the rule-based engine to the gathered chemical material data is not fulfilled. The incident data may identify the data point(s) and rule(s) which resulted in nonfulfillment. The incident data may be used to generate an updated chemical material data set. Use of such incident data may allow to avoid provision of chemical material data sets which may not be validated by the consumer side, thus resulting in delay of generation of chemical product passport(s) since such generation must be delayed until chemical material data set(s) including valid data are available from the provider side. In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the chemical product data further includes chemical product property data including at least one measured chemical and / or physical property of the chemical product and / or at least one chemical and / or physical property determined from collected data associated with the production of the chemical product. The chemical and / or physical property may correspond to the properties previously described. The data may be collected prior to, during and / or after production of the chemical product.

[0147] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the decentral data providing node(s) are determined from mapping data mapping decentral data providing node data to associated chemical material identifier(s) by matching chemical material identifier(s) included in the chemical product data to chemical material identifier(s) included in the mapping data. This mapping data may be stored in a database. The database may be associated with the data consumer or the entity performing the method. The database may be associated with the system performing the method. The chemical material identifier(s) and associated data providing node data may be provided by respective decentral data providing node(s) to the consuming entity consuming such chemical material data from such data providing node(s). Data providing node data may include location data pointing to the location of the chemical material data set associated with the respective data providing node, an endpoint address associated with the respective data providing node and / or a decentral participant identifier associated with the respective data providing node. The database may not contain associated chemical material data set(s) hence the database may not be regarded as a central repository of chemical material data set(s). Instead, the control over access to the chemical material data set(s) is retained by the respective data providers, while such database only allows to locate chemical material data set(s) required to generate respective chemical product passports.

[0148] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the obtained chemical material data is provided to one or more input node(s) configured to gather the obtained chemical material data and to provide the gathered chemical material data as chemical material data set(s) to one or more downstream node(s), wherein the one or more downstream node(s) are configured to validate at least a part of the data included in the chemical material data set(s) provided by the one or more input node(s), link the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers, determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data and to provide the validated chemical material data linked to chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s). An input node may represent a computing node gathering chemical material data from one or more decentral data consuming node(s). The one or more input node(s) may be configured to generate data packages, such as messages or events, from the received chemical material data. The generated data packages may be sent downstream from the input node to the one or more downstream node(s). The downstream node(s) may be configured to retrieve data packages provided by the input node(s). The input node(s) may be configured to provide data packages to a persistent or non-persistent log. The downstream node(s) may be configured to retrieve data packages provided to the persistent or non-persistent log. The downstream node(s) may be configured to receive data packages provided to the persistent or non-persistent log. The input node(s) may be associated with a decentral network. For instance, the input node(s) may be associated with a decentral data consuming network node being part of a decentral network. Downstream node may refer to a computing node consuming data from a computing node present upstream with respect to the flow of data. Consuming data may include receiving data or retrieving data packages from the input node(s) or the persistent or non-persistent log. For instance, data “flows” downstream from an input node to the downstream node. The downstream node may be regarded as an output node. A request for data may be sent upstream from the downstream node to the input node.

[0149] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the rule-based engine operates on individual data points present within at least part of the chemical material data, multiple data points present within at least part of the chemical material data or the whole chemical material data. The rule-based engine may be configured to validate chemical material data based on one or more included rule(s). The rule-based engine may apply one or more rule(s) to individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) and / or the whole data set to generate validated chemical material data. If the rule-based engine determines that individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) and / or the whole data matches one or more condition(s) in the rule(s), such individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) or the whole data may be regarded as validated. The validated data may be associated with a classifier indicating successful validation of the respective data point, combination of data point(s) or the whole data. The classifier may indicate that the chemical material data passed the one or more applied rule(s). Validating the chemical material data on data point level may ensure that all chemical material data point(s) required by the data model associated with the chemical product or chemical product type the chemical product is associated with are contained in the gathered chemical material data. Validation on data point level may compensate for the simplified chemical material data set generation at the provider side which does not require the use of data models ensuring that the generated chemical material data set(s) include all required data point(s).

[0150] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the one or more rule(s) are generated from a rule template including unstructured data associated with instructions related to validation operation(s). The validation operation(s) may relate to one or more data point(s) and / or data point combination(s) to be present within the chemical material data. The rule template may be used to generate executable logic that may be executed by the rulebased engine. Use of a rule template may facilitate generation of one or more rule(s) since the instructions for generation of executable logic may be formulated in natural language. The rule template may be a predefined rule template. The rule template may be generated to match data model(s) associated with chemical product(s) or chemical product type(s). In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the one or more rule(s) define data point(s) and / or combination(s) of data point(s) to be present within the chemical material data. This may ensure that the chemical material data includes all data point(s) required by the data model of the chemical product or chemical product type, hence ensuring that the gathered chemical material data includes all data points required by the data model for the particular chemical material.

[0151] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), validation of the chemical material data may further include transforming the chemical material data. Transforming the chemical material data may include unit transformation to transform a unit associated with a data point into a unit required by the data model associated with the chemical product or chemical product type. This may allow to shift unit transformation operations to the consumer side, hence allowing to simplify generation of chemical material data sets at the provider side to ensure reliable provision of chemical material data set(s) by various suppliers of the product ecosystem, irrespective of the size of the entity producing the chemical material.

[0152] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the one or more rule(s) are associated with or derived from a data model of the chemical product or chemical product type, in particular wherein the one or more rule(s) are defined by the mandatory chemical material data point(s) present within the data model. The semantic model may be a predefined (e.g. existing) data model. The data model may define the data structure of the chemical product passport. The data model may define the value(s) and / or value range(s) for data point(s) to be included in the chemical product passport. The data model may define mandatory and optional data point(s) to be included in the chemical product passport. The data model may define relationships between different data point(s).

[0153] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), validating the gathered chemical material data by the rule-based engine includes identifying one or more rule(s) applicable to the gathered chemical material data and providing the applicable rule(s) to the rule-based engine. The applicable rule(s) may be identified based on an identifier associated with each applicable rule matching or being related to at least one chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data as previously described. The applicable rule(s) may be included in a rule template. Hence validating the gathered chemical material data may include identifying an applicable rule template. The applicable rule(s) and / or the applicable rule template may be stored on a database connected to the rule-based engine. The identifier associated with each applicable rule or rule template may correspond to a digital chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data. The applicable rule(s) or rule template may be gathered based on mapping data include identifier(s) associated with rule(s) or rule template(s) and associated chemical material identifier(s) and optionally chemical material type identifier(s). In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), transforming the gathered chemical material data includes

[0154] • generating executable logic from the one or more identified applicable rule(s),

[0155] • and transforming the gathered chemical material data by executing the generated executable logic by the rule-based engine subject to rule execution criteria.

[0156] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the chemical material data is validated responsive to fulfilment of one or more rule(s) applied to the chemical material data by the rule-based engine. This may ensure that the gathered chemical material data is only validated if the rule(s) could be successfully applied to the gathered data by the rulebased engine, e.g. if application of the rule(s) did not result in an error, for example due to missing data, wrong data, incomplete data, etc.. This may ensure that the chemical product passport may be generated by applying the respective data model to the validated chemical material data and respective product data without any errors due to missing or wrong chemical material data, hence avoiding a delay in generation of the chemical product passports.

[0157] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the storage location is determined based on mapping data including a mapping between chemical material identifier(s) and associated storage location data or a mapping between chemical material identifier(s) and associated chemical material type identifier(s) and storage location data. The storage location may correspond to a database. The database may be a relational or a non-relational database. Use of different storage location(s) allows to improve data security, since validated chemical material data to be used for the generation of chemical product passports associated with a specific chemical product type, such as a chemical composition including at least one chemical compound, may be stored within a particular dedicated storage accessible only by the application generating the chemical product passports for such specific chemical product type but not for other applications generating chemical product passports for other chemical product types.

[0158] In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the validated chemical material data includes one or more validated chemical material property data point(s), validated chemical material identifier data point(s), validated chemical material name data point(s), validated chemical material producer data point(s), validated chemical material declaration data point(s), validated chemical material safety data point(s), validated chemical material emission data point(s), validated chemical material recyclate content data point(s), validated chemical material biobased content data point(s), validated chemical material biodegradability data point(s), validated chemical material production data point(s), validated chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), validated chemical material certificate data point(s), validated chemical material life cycle data point(s), validated chemical material storage instruction data point(s), validated chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or validated chemical material operating condition data point(s). In an embodiment of the method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), the method further includes a step of generating incident data responsive to the determination that at least one rule applied by the rule-based engine to the gathered chemical material data is not fulfilled. The incident data may identify the data point(s) and rule(s) which resulted in non-fulfilment. The incident data may be provided to the data provider from which the objected chemical material data was received, hence allowing the data provider to generated updated chemical material data and to provide such updated chemical material data for repeated validation.

[0159] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0160] In the following, the present disclosure is further described with reference to the enclosed figures. The same reference numbers in the drawings and this disclosure are intended to refer to the same or like elements, components, and / or parts.

[0161] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a participant network of a product ecosystem including a material loop and being associated with a decentral peer-to-peer network for exchange of data associated with raw materials, chemical product(s), discrete product(s), end product(s) and recycled material(s).

[0162] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a production process of a chemical product by a chemical production using one or more chemical material(s) as input material(s).

[0163] FIG. 3A illustrates a block diagram of an example system for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material(s) and for providing the generated chemical material data set(s) for access by decentral data consuming nodes.

[0164] FIG. 3B illustrates a diagram showing an example of gathering chemical material data and transforming at least part of the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine.

[0165] FIG. 4 illustrates an example system and associated methods for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with produced chemical material(s) and providing access to the generated chemical material data set(s).

[0166] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a decentral system for accessing chemical material data set(s) associated with produced chemical material(s).

[0167] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material(s).

[0168] FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of a further example method for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material(s).

[0169] FIG. 9 illustrates a sequence diagram of an example method for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material(s).

[0170] FIG. 10A illustrates a block diagram of a system for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce a chemical product or for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce a further chemical product.

[0171] FIG. 10B illustrates a diagram showing an example of validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce a chemical product using a rule-based engine.

[0172] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce a chemical product.

[0173] FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG. 11 .

[0174] FIG. 13 illustrates a sequence diagram of an example method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce a chemical product.

[0175] FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of a further example method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce a chemical product.

[0176] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0177] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a participant network of a product ecosystem associated with a decentral peer-to-peer network for exchange of data associated with raw materials, chemical product(s), discrete product(s), end product(s) and recycled material(s). The decentral participant network 130 may include one or more decentral network participants, such as decentral participants 102 to 114. The decentral network participants may be part of a product ecosystem including chemical products. The product ecosystem may include production chains to produce an end-product. The product ecosystem may include recycling chains to recycle at least part of an end-of-life product resulting from the use of the end product. The product ecosystem may include a raw material producer 104, a chemical product producer 102, a chemical product user 106, an end-product producer 108, an end-product user 110 an EOL product collector 112 and a recycler 114. The decentral participant network 130 may include a chemical supply chain. The product ecosystem may allow to use of recycled materials resulting from recycling of end-of- life products to produce new products, such as chemical products. The product ecosystem may be associated with the production and / or recycling of physical products. The product may be a chemical product, an intermediate chemical product, a component, a component assembly, an end product, an end-of-life product or a recycled material. At least a part of the participant(s) of the decentral participant network 130 may be associated with the production of the product and / or the recycling of end-of-life products resulting from the use of the product by product users, such as end-product users 110. The decentral network participant 102 to 114 may refer to a manufacturer of physical products, such as raw material producer 104, chemical product producer 102, chemical product user 106, end-product producer 108, a user of physical goods, such as end-product user 110, and / or a participant of a recycling chain associated with the physical product, such as EOL product collector 112 and recycler 114. The decentral network participant may be associated with a decentral participant identifier. The decentral participant identifier may uniquely identify the decentral network participant within the decentral participant network 130.

[0178] At least a further part of the participant(s) of the decentral participant network 130 may be associated with the generation of product passport(s). Such decentral participants may not be associated with the production of the product and / or the recycling of the end-of-life products. Such decentral participants may gather chemical material data, for example as described in the context of FIG. 11 and may generate product passports using at least a part of the gathered chemical material data. The generated product passports may be provided by such participants for access via the decentral network 130. For instance, recycler 114 may access such product passports to determine the composition of the end-of-life product, allowing adaption of the recycling process to the determined composition.

[0179] The participant(s) of the decentral participant network 130 may be connected via material flows. The material flow may be a loop material flow 136. The loop material flow 136 may be a closed loop material flow. A closed loop material flow may refer to a material loop where recycled material is used to produce the same end products the recycled material is obtained from via recycling. The loop material flow 136 may be an open loop material flow. An open loop material flow may refer to a material loop where recycled material is used to produce different end products than the one the recycled material is obtained from. The material flow may be a linear material flow (e.g. not including recycling). The material flow 136, 138 may correspond to the flow of product from one participant of the decentral participant network 130 to the downstream participant of the decentral participant network 130. The material flow 136, 138 may refer to a continuous or a discontinuous flow of product. The flow of product may include any means of transportation suitable to transport the product from a participant to the downstream participant. The means of transportation may include pipes, containers, barrels, packages. The material flow 138 may be associated with raw materials used to produce a chemical product, such as virgin raw materials. The raw materials may be provided to chemical product producer 102 for producing chemical product(s) and / or intermediate chemical product(s) (not shown). The loop material flow 136 may be associated with chemical product(s) and discrete product(s). The chemical product(s) may be provided from chemical product producer 102 to chemical product user 106 for producing discrete product(s). In contrast to chemical production, the discrete products being produced are distinct units sold as individual products. The loop material flow 136 may be associated with recycled material. The recycled material may be provided from recycler 114 to chemical product producer 102 for the production of chemical product(s) using the recycled material.

[0180] At least part of the participants of the decentral participant network 130 may be associated with decentral participant network nodes 116 to 128. The decentral participant nodes 116 to 128 may be under control of the respective decentral participant associated with the respective decentral participant node. The decentral participant nodes 116 to 128 may form decentral network 134. The decentral network 134 may be a peer-to-peer communication network. The decentral network 134 may be configured to perform data transactions 132. The data transactions 132 may be based on a transaction protocol including authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s). Based on the authentication and / or authorization mechanism(s) a peer-to-peer communication between decentral network nodes 116 to 128 associated with decentral network participants 102 to 114 may be established. The one or more authentication mechanism(s) may be associated with or linked to an identifier as described in the context of FIG. 5. The one or more authentication mechanism(s) associated with the identifier may be accessible by the decentral participant nodes as described in the context of FIG. 5. The decentral configuration allows for more efficient use of computing resources and strengthens control by the data owners of the decentral network.

[0181] Data transactions between decentral network participant nodes may be based on an identifier associated with respective data to be accessed, for example as described in the context of FIG. 5. The identifier may be uniquely associated with the physical entity of the respective product and associated product data. The identifier may be a decentral identifier uniquely identifying the product within the decentral network. The identifier may be a local identifier used by the respective product producer to uniquely identify the respective product. The identifier may be associated with further identifier(s), such as identifier(s) of production input(s) (e.g. input materials) used to produce the chemical material. This may allow to track the product input(s) used to produce a product, such as an end-product. The identifier may, for example, be included in a chemical material data set associated with the chemical material, for example as described in the context of FIG. 6.

[0182] The data flow 132 (e.g. transactions) between decentral network participant nodes may be directly or indirectly associated with the material flow 136, 138 between the decentral network participants. For instance, data flow 132 may be directly associated with material flow 136, 138 if data associated with an input material provided from the raw material producer 104 to the chemical product producer 102 is accessed by decentral participant node 118 associated with said chemical product producer 102. For instance, data flow 132 may be indirectly associated with material flow 136, 138 if data associated with a chemical product produced by chemical product producer 102 is accessed by decentral participant node 128 associated with recycler 114.

[0183] The decentral participant nodes 116 to 128 may be decentral computing nodes. The decentral computing node may be any device or system that includes at least one physical and tangible processor, and a physical and tangible memory capable of having thereon computer-executable instructions that are executed by a processor. The memory may take any form and depends on the nature and form of the computing node.

[0184] At least part of the decentral participant nodes 116 to 128 may be decentral data providing network nodes. At least part of the participant nodes 116 to 128 may be decentral data consuming network nodes. A participant of the decentral participant network 130 may be associated with a decentral data providing network node and / or a decentral data consuming network node depending on whether data is provided to downstream participants and / or consumed from upstream participants. For instance, end-product producer 108 may be associated with a decentral data providing network node configured to provide product data to a downstream participant (e.g. recycler 114). In addition to or alternatively, end-product producer 108 may be associated with a decentral data consuming network node configured to access data associated with a discrete product produced by an upstream participant (e.g. chemical product user 106) for example as described in the context of FIG. 5.

[0185] The decentral network 134 may include further decentral network nodes. The further decentral network nodes may be decentral infrastructure service nodes (not shown in FIG. 1). The decentral infrastructure service nodes may not be associated with a participant of the product ecosystem. The decentral infrastructure service nodes may provide services for decentral participant nodes 116 to 128, such as verifying the identity of the decentral network participant nodes 116 to 128 prior to performing a data exchange. The decentral network participant nodes 116 to 128 may be associated with or include certificate(s), such as X.509 certificate(s). The certificate(s) may be associated with decentral infrastructure service node(s) including e.g. a certificate issuing service and / or a dynamic provisioning service providing dynamic attribute tokens (e.g. OAuth Access Tokens). This way the decentral network participant nodes 116 to 124 possess a unique identifier embedded in a X.509 certificate that identifies the respective decentral network participant node 116 to 128. The information required to verify the certificate may be provided via an authentication registry associated with the certificate issuing service and / or a dynamic provisioning service. For instance, in the IDSA Reference Architecture Model, Version 3.0 of April 2019, a decentral data providing network node associated with a data owner, a Certification Authority (CA), a Dynamic Attribute Provisioning Service (DAPS) and a decentral data consuming network node associated with a data consumer are used to verify the identity prior to performing a data exchange (not shown, refer to FIG. 5).

[0186] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a production process of a chemical product produced by a chemical production using one or more chemical material(s) as input material(s) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The chemical material(s) may be one or more precursor material(s). The precursor material(s) may be regarded as input material(s) to the chemical production. The precursor material(s) may signify intermediate chemical material(s). The precursor material(s) may include inorganic chemical material(s) and / or organic chemical material(s). Inorganic chemical material(s) may be devoid of carbon atom(s) and / or carbon-hydrogen bond(s) while organic chemical material(s) may comprise at least one carbon atom and / or at least one carbon-hydrogen bond. The precursor material(s) may be produced by a precursor production from one or more input material(s), such as virgin chemical material(s) and / or recycled chemical material(s). Recycled chemical material(s) may be received by the precursor production from a recycler, such as recycler 114 (see for example FIG. 1).

[0187] The production of a chemical product may comprise a two-step process: 1) production of intermediate chemical product(s) (e.g. precursor material(s)) from one or more input material(s), and 2) production of the chemical product at least in part from the intermediate chemical product(s). To produce the intermediate chemical product(s), input materials may be used as physical inputs. The input materials may be provided from raw material provider(s) (see for example FIG. 1). The input material(s) may be provided from recyclers, such as recycler 114 illustrated in FIG. 1 . The input materials may include virgin and / or recycled materials. The input materials may be provided to an intermediate chemical product production as input material 402 (see also FIG. 4). The intermediate chemical product production may be a chemical production 404 as described in the context of FIG. 4. The input materials may comprise a physical identifier element. The physical identifier element may include, be associated with or be related to a digital input material identifier. The operating system, such as the operating system 416 described in the context of FIG. 4, of the intermediate chemical product production may comprise or be in communication with an ID reader configured to read the physical identifier element and to determine the digital input material identifier associated with said physical identifier element. The digital input material identifier may be used to uniquely identify the physical entity of the input material provided to the intermediate chemical product production (or precursor production). The digital input material identifier may be used by the operating system to control the production of the precursor material(s), for example as described in the context of FIG. 4. The digital input material identifier associated with the physical identifier element may be related to a digital input material identifier used within the precursor production to uniquely identify such physical entity of the input material. This may allow to convert the digital input material identifier assigned by the producer of the input material to a digital input material identifier used within the precursor production.

[0188] Input material data may be collected, for example upon entering the precursor production. This may ensure that the input material(s) fulfil specification(s) required by precursor production step(s) performed within the precursor production. The collected input material data may include a measured physical and / or chemical property of the respective input material and / or a physical and / or chemical property determined from collected data associated with the respective input material. The physical and / or chemical property may be measured with sensors as described in the context of FIG. 4. The physical and / or chemical property may be determined from collected data as described in the context of FIG. 4. The collected input material data may further include the input material name, input material producer, input material declaration data, input material safety data, emission data, recyclate content data, biobased content data, certificate of analysis data associated with the input material, certificates associated with the input material or a combination thereof. Further data may be provided from the input material producer in form of a digital asset associated with the digital input material identifier. The digital asset may be provided by the input material producer. The digital asset may be provided via a decentral network, such as illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0189] The input material data may be used to operate the precursor production producing the intermediate chemical product(s). For instance, if the input material(s) are recycled material(s), production steps purifying the recycled material(s) may be performed. For instance, if the input material(s) are virgin materials, purification steps may be omitted. The intermediate chemical product(s) may be formed by chemically reacting the input material(s) and / or by physically processing the input material(s). Chemical reactions may include polymerization, precipitation and other chemical reactions commonly known. Physical processing may include mixing, grinding, extruding, etc.. The intermediate chemical product production may include sensors measuring physical and / or chemical properties of the intermediate chemical product(s) produced by the intermediate chemical product production as described in the context of FIG. 4. The operating system may be configured to determine physical and / or chemical properties from collected data associated with the production of the intermediate chemical product(s), for example as described in the context of FIG. 4. The intermediate chemical product produced by intermediate chemical production may correspond to an output product of such intermediate chemical production.

[0190] The operating system may be configured to generate chemical material data set(s) for the produced intermediate chemical product(s) as described in the context of FIG. 4 below. Each intermediate product may be associated with a digital chemical material identifier and chemical material data. The chemical material data may include at least one physical and / or chemical property of the respective intermediate chemical product. The physical and / or chemical property may be measured by sensors and / or may be determined from collected data as previously described. The produced intermediate chemical product(s) may be packaged, and the packaging may include a physical identifier element, such as a QR code, an embossed code or an optical holographic code, such as zero-order diffractive microstructure. The physical identifier element may include or may be assigned to the respective digital chemical material identifier. The assignment of the physical identifier element and the digital chemical material identifier may be executed through an ID assignor running locally. For instance, the packaging line may comprise a labelling device detecting the packaging of the produced intermediate chemical product(s). Based on such recognition, a requestor may generate a request to provide a digital chemical material identifier and the asset generator service 306 may generate the chemical material data set(s) in response to the request. The digital chemical material identifier included in the generated chemical material data set may be assigned in the physical identifier element, for example by the ID assignor. Assigning may include encoding the respective digital chemical material identifier in a physical identifier element and providing the physical identifier element, such as a code, to the labelling device configured to attach the physical identifier element to the respective intermediate chemical product, such as the packaging of the respective intermediate chemical product. The ID assignor may be part of the labelling device or may be a separate device. Assigning may include associating the digital chemical material identifier with a physical identifier element generated and attached to the intermediate chemical product.

[0191] In a second step, the intermediate chemical product(s) produced in step 1) may be provided to a chemical production as input material and may be used within the chemical production to produce one or more chemical product(s). The chemical production may correspond to the chemical production producing the intermediate chemical product(s). The chemical production may be different from the chemical production producing the intermediate chemical product(s). Apart from the intermediate chemical product(s) produced in step 1), further input material(s) may be provided to the chemical production and may be used to produce the chemical product. The intermediate chemical product(s) may comprise recycled intermediate chemical product(s) and / or intermediate chemical product(s) produced by a different intermediate chemical product production than the intermediate chemical product production described in the context of step 1). Such intermediate chemical product(s) may be associated with a physical identifier element. The physical identifier element may be associated with a digital intermediate chemical product identifier via which the intermediate chemical product data may be accessible as previously described. An ID reader may be used to read the physical identifier element associated with the respective decentral intermediate chemical product identifier as described above.

[0192] The chemical production may be a chemical production network. The chemical production network may comprise one or more entry point(s) at which the input materials are provided to the chemical production network. The chemical production network may comprise one or more exit point(s) at which the produced chemical products are provided from the chemical production network. The chemical production network may include multiple chemical processes for producing one or more chemical product(s) from one or more input material(s). The chemical production network may include a complex production network producing multiple chemical products in multiple production or value chains. The one or more chemical product(s) may include chemical product(s) produced from input material(s) at least in part related to the recyclable material. A production or value chain may include one or more process(es) configured to produce one chemical product or chemical product class from one or more input material(s). The chemical production network may include connected, interconnected and / or non-connected production chains. The chemical production network may produce from input materials multiple intermediates and from intermediates one or more chemical products.

[0193] The chemical production network may include multiple production steps per production chain. The production steps included in the chemical production network may be defined by the physical system boundary of the chemical production network. The system boundary may be defined by location or control over production processes. The system boundary may be defined by the site of the chemical production network. The system boundary may be defined by production processes controlled by one entity or multiple entities jointly. The system boundary may be defined by production or value chain with staggered production processes to an end product, which may be controlled by multiple entities separately.

[0194] The chemical production network may convert one or more input material(s) to one or more chemical product(s) via one or more processes. The processes may chemically, physically, mechanically and / or thermally convert one or more input material(s) to one or more chemical product(s).

[0195] Intermediate chemical product data may be used by the operating system of the chemical production to control the production of the chemical product as described above. The chemical production may include sensors measuring physical and / or chemical properties of the chemical product produced by the chemical production as described in the context of FIG. 4. The operating system may be configured to determine physical and / or chemical properties from collected data associated with the production of the chemical product, for example as described in the context of FIG. 4.

[0196] The operating system may be configured to gather chemical material data associated with intermediate chemical product(s) used to produce the chemical product and to validate the gathered chemical material data, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10A to FIG. 13. The operating system may further be configured to generate a chemical product passport from such validated chemical material data, for example as described in the context of FIG. 11 .

[0197] The produced chemical product 202 may be associated with a digital chemical product identifier. The digital chemical product identifier may be associated with a physical identification element 204. The digital chemical product identifier may be unique for the physical entity of the chemical product. The digital chemical product identifier may be associated with chemical product data. Such data may include any data collected during the production and / or the use of the chemical product 202. For instance, such data may include chemical material identifier(s) associated with production input(s) used to produce the chemical product, data collected before, during and / or after production of the chemical product and / or use data collected during use of the chemical product 202.

[0198] The digital chemical product identifier may be associated with or include at least one decentral chemical product identifier. The decentral chemical product identifier may comprise any unique identifier uniquely associated with the chemical product data and the identified chemical product 202. The decentral chemical product identifier may further be associated with the data owner of the chemical product data. The decentral chemical product identifier may include at least one Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) and / or at least one Digital IDentifier (DID). The decentral chemical product identifier may be issued by a central or decentral identity issuer. The decentral chemical product identifier may include authentication information for authentication of the chemical product data. Via the decentral chemical product identifier and its unique association with the chemical product 202, access to the chemical product data may be controlled by the data owner of the chemical product data. This contrasts with central authority schemes, where identifiers are provided by central authority and access to data is controlled by such central authority. Decentral in this context refers to the usage of the identifier as controlled by the data owner. The decentral chemical product identifier may be discoverable and / or accessible for participant node(s) of the decentral network. Based on the discovered and / or accessed decentral chemical product identifier, access to the chemical product passport may be requested by decentral network node(s) associated with data consumers, such as chemical product users or production(s) processing the chemical product. The physical identification element 204 may be configured to provide the decentral chemical product identifier or to provide data associated with the decentral chemical product identifier for accessing chemical product data.

[0199] The data owner may comprise any entity generating data, particularly data relating to the chemical product identified. The generating node may be coupled to the entity owning physical products from or for which data, particularly the chemical material data associated with the material identifier or the chemical product passport associated with the chemical product identified, is generated. The data, particularly the data associated with the chemical product identified, may be generated by a third-party entity on behalf of the entity owning physical products from or for which data is generated. The data owner may be the producer of the input chemical materials used to produce the chemical product, the producer of the chemical product or the chemical product user using the chemical product to produce further products, such as further chemical and / or discrete products. The data owner may be the chemical production producing the input chemical materials, the chemical production producing the chemical product or the production producing product(s) based on the chemical product. Via the decentral identifier and its unique association with the data owner and the chemical material data or chemical product passport, access to the respective data may be controlled by the data owner. The chemical material data or chemical product passport may be accessible for the data owner. The data owner may hence directly or indirectly own or control the chemical material data or chemical product passport. The chemical material data or chemical product passport may be stored in a storage environment of or associated with the data owner for access by data consumer(s). The chemical material data or chemical product passport may be stored in a storage environment accessible by the data owner. The data owner may control access to the chemical material data or chemical product passport via the data providing service of the data owner. The data owner may control access to the chemical material data via the digital chemical material identifier. The data owner may control access to the chemical product passport via the decentral chemical product identifier. The chemical material data or chemical product passport may be associated with the data owner. The data owner may be the owner or controller of the chemical material data or chemical product passport. The chemical material data or chemical product passport may be stored in a storage environment of or under control by the data owner. In this sense, the data owner may relate to the entity having access to the chemical material data or chemical product passport or parts thereof and controlling access by decentral data providing network nodes of the decentral computing environment to the chemical material data or chemical product passport. In particular, the decentral chemical product identifier may be associated with material data specifying the material composition of one or more input chemical materials used to produce the chemical product. The decentral chemical product identifier may be associated with the chemical product 202 and the material data may specify the material composition of one or more input chemical material(s) used to produce the chemical product 202.

[0200] FIG. 3A illustrates a block diagram of an example system for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material(s) and for providing the generated chemical material data set(s) for access by decentral data consuming nodes. The chemical material may be a raw material, such as a virgin material and / or a recycled material, and / or an intermediate chemical product. The chemical material may be any chemical material produced by upstream production stage(s) with respect to the chemical product production stage. The asset generation system 346 may be configured to perform the method illustrated in FIG. 6. The system may be associated with a production, such as a chemical production or a chemical production network, producing the chemical material(s). The chemical material may be produced or producible by the production. Produced chemical materials may include physical entities of chemical materials having been produced by the production. Producible chemical materials may include chemical materials not yet having been produced by the production. Producible chemical materials may be producible by one or more production processes performed within the production.

[0201] With reference to FIG. 4, the chemical material 406 may be produced using one or more input material(s) 402. The chemical material may comprise or be any product produced by the production 404 and provided at any exit point of the production 404. The production 404 may be a chemical production. The production 404 may be a chemical production network. The input material may include starting material used in a production process performed within production 404 to produce the chemical material. An input material can be used in any process step of the production process. This means, the intermediate output product of the one production plant of production 404 can correspond to the input material of a subsequent production plant of production 404. Input material may include recycled material. The input material may comprise or be any input material entering the production 404. The input material may comprise or be any input material provided at any entry point of the production 404.

[0202] The chemical material may be produced via one or more process steps from the input material(s) 402 within production 404. The process steps may involve chemical reactions and / or physical processes. The input material may be used in one or more of such production step(s). The input materials 402 may enter the system boundary 414 of the production 404 at the entry point, such as a production plant or a material storage associated with the production 404. The amount of input material entering the system boundary 414 of the production 404 may be measured, for example using sensor 408a. Sensors 408a include sensors configured to measure an amount of input material, such as a weight and / or a volume. Chemical and / or physical properties of the input material may be measured, for example using sensor 408b, upon passing system boundary 414 of the production 404. The measured data may be used to determine at least one chemical and / or physical property of the respective input material. Examples of chemical properties include heat of combustion, enthalpy of formation, toxicity, chemical stability in a given environment, flammability, oxidation state(s), ability to corrode, combustibility, acidity and basicity, chemical composition, recyclate content used for producing or manufacturing the input material, biobased content used for producing or manufacturing the input material, renewable content used for producing or manufacturing the input material, biodegradability, and / or pH value. Examples of physical properties include absorption, brittleness, boiling point, capacitance, color, concentration, density, ductility, distribution, efficacy, elasticity, electric charge, electrical conductivity, electrical impedance, electric potential, flow rate, fluidity, hardness, heat capacity, inductance, intrinsic impedance, luminance, luminescence, luster, mass, melting point, opacity, permeability, permittivity, plasticity, pressure, radiance, resistivity, reflectivity, refractive index, solubility, specific heat, strength, stiffness, temperature, tension, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, viscosity, volume and / or wave impedance.

[0203] An operating system 416 of the production 404 may monitor and / or control the production 404 based on operating parameters of the different processes. The operating system 416 may receive production demand data associated with the production planning for the production 404. The production demand data may be produced from target production capacities for one or more chemical material(s) produced by the production 404. The production demand data may be produced from pre-defined production capacities or data-driven models that relate production capacities to market demand data or quantities consumed at the consumption location. The production demand data may include target capacities for chemical materials produced by the production 404 . The operating system 416 may further receive a bill of materials associated with chemical material to be produced. The bill of materials may include material data associated with the input materials used to produce the chemical material, process data associated with the production chain for producing the chemical material and / or chemical material data associated with the chemical material, such as a product specification data or data on the amount of chemical material to be produced.

[0204] Based on the received production demand data and the bill of materials, material demand data may be determined. The material demand data may include data on the amount of input material required to produce the target capacities of chemical material. The material demand data may include input material identifiers associated with input materials required to produce the chemical material and data on amounts of input material for respective input materials. The material demand data may include one or more material specifier(s) per input material identifier signifying the material specification. The material demand data may include data on the material amount per input material identifier signifying the amount of material to be supplied. The material demand data may specify the production chain(s) of the production 404. The material demand data may include a bill of materials for one or more production chain(s) of the production 404. The material demand data may include one or more recipe(s) specifying one or more material(s) for production process(es) of the production 404. The determined material demand data may be provided for access by a supplier system associated with a supplier outside the physical system boundary of the production 404. Material supply may be triggered by the supplier system accessing the material demand data.

[0205] The amount of chemical material(s) resulting from processes performed within production 404 may be measured using a sensor, such as sensor 408b. The measured data may be stored in one or more databases associated with operating system 416. Moreover processes performed within production 404 may be monitored using sensors, such as sensors 408b, and the generated monitoring data may be stored in one or more databases associated with operating system 416. The monitoring data may be interrelated with a digital chemical material identifier associated with the respective chemical material. Physical and / or chemical properties of produced chemical material may be measured by sensors, such as sensors 408a. Physical and / or chemical properties may include the properties previously described. The measured and / or determined chemical and / or physical properties of the produced chemical materials may be stored in one or more databases associated with operating system 416. The measured and / or determined chemical and / or physical properties of the produced chemical materials may be interrelated with a digital chemical material identifier associated with the respective chemical material.

[0206] The produced chemical material 406 may be provided at one or more exit points of the production 404. The chemical material 406 may exit the system boundary 414 of the production 404.

[0207] The operating system 416 may include asset generation system 346. The operating system 416 may be associated with asset generation system 346 (not shown). Asset generation system 346 may be configured to generate chemical material data set(s) (e.g. asset(s)) associated with chemical material(s) produced by production 404, for example as described in the context of FIG. 6.

[0208] Referring back to FIG. 3A and with continued reference to FIG. 4, the asset generation system 346 may generate chemical material data set(s) in response to receiving a trigger. The trigger may be associated with or may include trigger data. The trigger data may include data associated with the chemical material produced by production 404. The trigger may be generated by trigger generator 412. Trigger generator 412 may be part of a packaging line or may be present within a storage location, such as a warehouse. Trigger generator 412 may include sensor(s) configured to detect produced chemical material(s) and / or packaged chemical materials. The sensor(s) may be configured to detect an identification element physically attached to the produced chemical material or the packaged chemical material. The sensor data may be used by trigger generator 412 to generate trigger data including data associated with the produced chemical material. Data associated with the produced chemical material may include a digital chemical material identifier associated with the produced chemical material. The trigger may be generated by a user, for example using a front-end application allowing to generate trigger data. The front-end application may display data associated with produced chemical materials, such as chemical material name(s), chemical material quantities, chemical material identifiers, etc.. The data associated with the chemical material may be gathered from the one or more databases storing such data. The user may select chemical material(s) displayed by the front-end application. In response to selecting chemical material(s), a back-end application connected to the front-end application may generated the trigger data by collecting digital chemical material identifier(s) associated with the selected chemical material(s). The collected digital chemical material identifier(s) be used to generate the trigger data.

[0209] The trigger or trigger data may be received by data gathering unit 322 of asset generator service 306. Data gathering unit 322 may be connected to a data source layer 320. The data source layer 320 may include one or more databases, such as DB 1 314, DB 2 316 and DB 3 318. The databases may be distributed data sources. The distributed data source may be a data lake comprising chemical material data from a plurality of distributed data sources. A distributed data source may be a collection of data stored at different sites of a computer network. Each site might expose a degree of autonomy, providing services for the execution of local applications, but also participating in the execution of a global application. For instance, a distributed data source may be a distributed database. A distributed database can be created by splitting and scattering the data of an existing database over different sites or by federating together multiple existing databases. Each data source may contain only a fragment of the data associated with the chemical material. This leads to a fragmentation of said data. Two common types of data fragmentation are horizontal fragmentation, wherein (possibly overlapping) subsets of data tuples are stored at different sites; and vertical fragmentation, wherein (possibly overlapping) subtuples of data tuples are stored at different sites. More generally, the data associated with the chemical material may be fragmented into a set of relations (tables of a relational database, distributed across multiple sites). The one or more distributed data sources may contain chemical material data associated with produced chemical materials. The chemical material data may include at least one measured physical and / or chemical property of produced chemical material(s) and / or at least one physical and / or chemical property determined from collected data associated with the production and / or the use of produced chemical material(s) as previously described. At least one of the distributed data sources may contain data instances that relate to the chemical material for which the system 410 is configured to generate the chemical material data set(s). The data source layer 320 may be owned or controlled by the data owner of the data associated with chemical material data. The data source layer 320 may be associated with the data owner of the chemical material data. Data gathering unit 322 may be configured to gather chemical material data based on received trigger data (e.g. data associated with produced chemical materials from the data source layer 320, for example as described in the context of FIG. 6.

[0210] The chemical material data gathered by data gathering unit 322 may be provided to data transforming unit 324. Data transforming unit 324 may be configured to generate chemical material data set(s) by transforming chemical material data gathered by data gathering unit 322 based on one or more rule(s) retrieved from rule DB 312, for example as described in the context of FIG. 3B. Transforming may include filtering the gathered chemical material data, aggregating chemical material data gathered from multiple data sources into a given data structure, attribute construction to create or add new attributes to the chemical material data based on existing attributes, discretization to convert continuous chemical material data values into sets of data intervals with specific values, generalization of gathered chemical material data to convert low-level data attributes into high-level data attributes, manipulation to change or alter gathered chemical material data and / or normalization to converts chemical material data into another data structure to limit the occurrence of duplicated data. The rule(s) may define key-value pair(s) to be included in the generated chemical material data. The rule(s) may define value(s) to be included in the generated chemical material data. The rule(s) may define unit(s) for data point(s) and / or one or more conversion(s) to convert a unit associated with a data point into another unit. The rule(s) may define keyvalue pair(s) for chemical material property data, chemical material identifier data, chemical material name data, chemical material producer data, chemical material declaration data, chemical material safety data, chemical material emission data, chemical material recyclate content data, chemical material biobased content data, chemical material biodegradability data, chemical material production data, chemical material certificate of analysis data, chemical material certificate data, chemical material life cycle data, chemical material storage instruction data, chemical material assembly instruction data and / or chemical material operating condition data. A rule may define key-value pairs for per data category. A rule may define key-value pairs for at least two different data categories. A data category may signify property data, declaration data, safety data, emission data, recyclate content data, biobased content data, biodegradability data, production data, certificate of analysis data, certificate data, storage instruction data, assembly instruction data or operating condition data. Gathered data may be aggregated and filtered to extract the value(s) matching the key(s) defined in the rule(s) from the aggregated data. The generated chemical material data sets may include one or more data points. The chemical material data sets may include one or more key-value pairs. The chemical material data sets may include at least a part of the gathered chemical material data. The generated chemical material data set(s) may include chemical material property data point(s), chemical material identifier data point(s), chemical material name data point(s), chemical material producer data point(s), chemical material declaration data point(s), chemical material safety data point(s), chemical material emission data point(s), chemical material recyclate content data point(s), chemical material biobased content data point(s), chemical material biodegradability data point(s), chemical material production data point(s), chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), chemical material certificate data point(s), chemical material life cycle data point(s), chemical material storage instruction data point(s), chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or chemical material operating condition data point(s). The chemical material data set(s) may include at least a part of the gathered chemical material data in tabular data structure. Use of rule(s) associated with a chemical product produced from such chemical material(s) allows to ensure that chemical material data point(s) required according to a data model, such as an aspect model, associated with the chemical product or the chemical product type are contained in the chemical material data set, hence avoiding missing data point(s) during generation of a chemical product passport associated with the chemical product using said data model. The transformation allows to aggregate the gathered chemical material data into a given data structure, such as a tabular data structure, without the use of complex data models, hence facilitating generation and sharing of chemical material data set(s) within the product ecosystem. Such sharing may enable more efficient production and / or recycling processes based on the shared chemical material data, for instance chemical material composition data. The tabular data structure can be readily consumed via a decentral network by a consumer backend configured to validate the consumed data and to persist validated consumed data to data storages for generation of chemical product passports (see for example FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B). Validation by the consumer side ensures that the chemical product passport contains all data required by a data model used to generate such chemical product passport, hence allowing to reduce the complexity associated with the chemical material data set generation at the provider side by avoiding the use of complex data models during generation of the chemical material data set(s). This may enable reliable sharing of chemical material data of chemical material(s) irrespective of the existence of data models for such chemical materials since the rule(s) required to transform the gathered chemical material data may be readily derived from or generated based on existing data model associated with the chemical product or the chemical product type.

[0211] Data transforming unit 324 may further be configured to provide the generated chemical material data set(s) (hereinafter also referred to as asset(s)) to data provider unit 344. Data provider unit 344 may be configured to provide the received chemical material data set(s) to a database for storage, such as assets DB 304. The asset(s) may include or be associated with the digital chemical material identifier associated with the chemical material . This may allow to retrieve the asset based on the digital chemical material identifier. The asset(s) may be persisted by data transforming unit 324 in assets DB 304. Assets DB 304 may be configured to store chemical material data set(s) generated by data transforming unit 324. Assets DB 304 may be configured to provide chemical material data set(s) to data transfer service 302.

[0212] Data provider unit 344 may further be configured to provide data included in the generated chemical material data set(s), such as the digital chemical material identifier, to asset publisher service 308.

[0213] Asset publisher service 308 may be configured to generate group access data associated with the respective chemical material data set. The group access data may identify access control groups including decentral participant identifier(s) associated with decentral network participants permitted to access at the respective chemical material data set. The group access data may include a group access data identifier. The group access data may further identify one or more authorization rule(s) defining access to and / or usage of the chemical material data set. Asset publisher service 308 may further be configured to generate a contract template including the digital chemical material identifier and the group access data identifier. The contract template may hence be associated with the chemical material data set as well as respective group access data. The contract template may further include access data associated with assets DB 304. The access data may include a locator or pointer to the assets DB 304 storing the respective chemical material data set. This may allow to access the respective chemical material data set based on data included in the contract template, e.g. the digital chemical material identifier and the access data. The group access data and contract template may be generated by asset publisher service 308 per data included in the chemical material data set, for example per digital chemical material identifier. The generated group access data and contract template may be provided to decentral data providing node 118 connected to asset generation system 346.

[0214] Decentral data providing node 118 may be part of a decentral network, such as decentral network 134 described in the context of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Decentral data providing node 118 may be configured to provide chemical material data set(s) in response to a request received from decentral data consuming node(s), for example as described in the context of FIG. 5. Decentral data providing node 118 may be configured to control access to chemical material data set(s) based on associated group access data and contract template generated by asset publisher service 308, for example as described in the context of FIG. 5. Decentral data providing node 118 may be associated with a participant of the product ecosystem, such as a producer of the chemical material(s).

[0215] Data transfer service 302 may be configured to gather chemical material data set(s) from assets DB 304 in response to a request from decentral data providing node 118. Data transfer service 302 may be configured to fetch asset metadata from assets DB 304 based on data received from decentral data providing node 118. Data transfer service 302 may be configured to parse the fetched metadata to determine group access data associated with the respective chemical material data set and / or the storage location of the respective chemical material data set. Data transfer service 302 may be configured to gather respective chemical material data set(s) from assets DB 304 based on the fetched metadata. Data transfer service 302 may be configured to provide the gathered chemical material data set(s) to decentral data providing node 118.

[0216] The system may not comprise a decentral registry storing access elements allowing access to the chemical material data set(s) stored in assets DB 304. Hence, chemical material data set(s) may not be located by querying the decentral network using the digital chemical material identifier but may only be accessed directly from decentral data providing node 118 using the digital chemical material identifier. Hence, location data pointing to the dedicated storage storing the chemical material data set as well as the chemical material identifier may be required to access the respective chemical material data set. The location data in combination with the digital chemical material identifier of the chemical material data set may result in a unique identifier allowing to uniquely identify a given chemical material data set within the decentral network.

[0217] FIG. 3B illustrates a diagram showing an example of gathering chemical material data and transforming at least part of the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine. Transforming at least a part of the gathered chemical material data may result in generation of chemical material data set(s) as described in the context of FIG. 3A.

[0218] Data transforming unit 324 may include rule based engine 328. The rule based engine 328 may operate on individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) and / or the gathered chemical material data. The rule based engine 328 may operate on data gathered per chemical material identifier individually. This allows to transform gathered chemical material data per chemical material, hence allowing a more granular transformation of the chemical material data. Rule based engine 328 may receive a request to transform gathered chemical material data. The request may contain at least a part of the gathered chemical material data. Chemical material data may be gathered (see operation 326) by data gathering unit 322 from a data source layer 320 as described in the context of FIG. 3A. Rule based engine 328 may be configured to determine chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material data. For instance, rule based engine 328 may parse the received chemical material data to determine the respective chemical material identifier(s). The rule based engine 328 may have access to one or more rule(s). The rule based engine 328 may include one or more rule(s). The one or more rule(s) may be present within a rule template. The one or more rule(s) may be stored in a data storage, such as rule DB 612. The one or more rule(s) or rule template(s) may be provided to rule DB 612 by a user. The one or more rule(s) may correspond to unstructured data associated with instructions related to transformation operation(s). The rule template(s) may correspond to unstructured data associated with instructions related to transformation operation(s). The one or more rule(s) or the rule template may be included in a file provided by the user. The one or more rule(s) or the rule template(s) may be associated with chemical material type identifier(s) and / or chemical material data identifier(s). Rule based engine 628 may generate a request to obtain one or more rule(s) from rule DB 612. The request may contain the respective chemical material identifier(s).

[0219] One or more rule(s) associated with the chemical material data to be transformed (e.g. one or more applicable rule(s)) may be provided to rule based engine 328 in response to the request. The one or more rule(s) may be associated with chemical product(s) produced from the chemical material associated with the chemical material data to be transformed, e.g. the chemical material associated with the chemical material data to be transformed may be used as input material to produce the chemical product by a chemical production. The one or more rule(s) may be associated with or derived from or generated based on a data model of the chemical product or product type. Hence, the one or more rule(s) may ensure that data point(s) for such chemical materials required according to the data model may be included in the generated chemical material data set. The one or more rule(s) may be defined by the mandatory chemical material data points present within the data model. The one or more rule(s) may be generated based on the mandatory chemical material data points present within the data model. This may ensure that chemical material data required by the data model is included in the generated chemical material data set. The one or more rule(s) may be associated with chemical material identifier(s) and / or chemical material type identifier(s). A mapping table may be used to map chemical material identifier(s) to corresponding chemical material type identifier(s). The chemical material type identifier(s) may be associated with chemical material type(s). The mapping table may be stored in a separate database (not shown). Rule based engine 328 may be configured to gather chemical material type identifier(s) based on determined chemical material identifiers) and to request rule(s) based on the gathered chemical material type identifier(s). This may allow to gather rule(s) associated with chemical material type identifier(s) based on chemical material identifier(s), hence avoiding generation of rule(s) per chemical material identifier and reducing the number of rule(s) that need to be generated, stored and maintained in rule DB 1018..

[0220] The one or more rule(s) may define aggregation rule(s) for aggregating chemical material data gathered from multiple data sources into a given data structure. The given data structure may be a tabular representation. Aggregation may hence result in filling gathered chemical material data into a tabular data structure. The one or more rule(s) may define filters to filter gathered chemical material data. The filters may be associated with or relate to the data model of the chemical product or chemical product type. The filters may define data point(s) to be included in the generated chemical material data set. For instance, a filter may define one for more chemical material property data point(s), chemical material identifier data point(s), chemical material name data point(s), chemical material producer data point(s), chemical material declaration data point(s), chemical material safety data point(s), chemical material emission data point(s), chemical material recyclate content data point(s), chemical material biobased content data point(s), chemical material biodegradability data point(s), chemical material production data point(s), chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), chemical material certificate data point(s), chemical material life cycle data point(s), chemical material storage instruction data point(s), chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or chemical material operating condition data point(s). A filter may define data point(s) per data category. A filter may define data point(s) for at least two different data categories. A data category may signify property data, declaration data, safety data, emission data, recyclate content data, biobased content data, biodegradability data, production data, certificate of analysis data, certificate data, storage instruction data, assembly instruction data or operating condition data. This may ensure that chemical material data required by the data model is included in the generated chemical material data set. The one or more rule(s) may define attribute construction(s) to create or add new attributes to the gathered chemical material data. The one or more rule(s) may define manipulation(s) to convert chemical material data point(s). For instance, data point(s) present within the gathered chemical material data may be converted from one unit into another unit. This may ensure that the generated chemical material data set includes data points associated with a unit required by the data model of the chemical product or the chemical product type. The one or more rule(s) may include a trigger condition and a corresponding group of one more actions. The trigger conditions may involve a set of variables, sometimes called “working memory”, which may contain data (sometimes called “facts” or “data tuples”) representing the states of pertinent real-world items. The one or more action(s) may include attribute construction, filters and / or manipulations. A given chemical material identifier and / or chemical material identifier may be associated with rule(s) defining aggregation, rule(s) defining filters, rule(s) defining attribute construction, rule(s) defining manipulations and / or rule(s) including a trigger condition and action(s). The rule(s) may be associated with a given order.

[0221] Rule based engine 328 may be configured to initialize the rule engine (see operation 332). Initialization of the rule engine may include generating rule data executable by a processor included in rule based engine 328. The rule data may include or correspond to executable logic. This may allow to transform rule(s) or rule template(s) present in unstructured data form into code that can be executed by the processor. Execution of the code may result in applying the executable rule data to the gathered chemical material data (see operation 334) to transform the chemical material data according to the obtained rule(s). Execution of the logic may result in matching gathered chemical material data to condition(s) included in the executable logic, evaluating the condition(s) with matched chemical material data and triggering execution of rule actions based on condition evaluation results. Transforming the chemical material data may include filtering gathered chemical material data. Filtering the gathered chemical material data may include comparing individual data points present within the gathered chemical material data to data points defined by the filter(s) to determine chemical material data points to be included in the chemical material data set. Transforming the chemical material data may include comparing attributes of the gathered or filtered chemical material data to attributes defined in rule(s) to determine whether new attributes have to be created or added to the gathered or filtered chemical material data. In addition or alternatively, transforming may include comparing attribute(s) included in the gathered or filtered chemical material data or chemical material data including added or created attribute(s) to attribute(s) included in the modification rule(s). The modification rule(s) may include a trigger condition which may be associated with one or more action(s), for example unit conversion, if the trigger condition is satisfied and / or error handling if application of filters results in empty data points due to lack of data points in the gathered chemical material data. The trigger condition may be satisfied if the attribute(s) included in the gathered or filtered chemical material data or chemical material data including added or created attribute(s) are not matching attribute(s) defined in the modification rule(s). Operations performed by rule based engine 328 may be determined by rule(s) gathered from rule DB 312. For instance, rule(s) gathered from rule DB 312 may determine whether rule based engine 328 operates on individual data point(s) and / or multiple data point(s) and / or the whole gathered chemical material data.

[0222] Rule based engine 328 may be configured to determine whether the gathered chemical material data can be transformed by one or more applied rule(s) (see operation 336). Gathered chemical material data may not be transformed or only partially transformed (e.g. transformation may result in at least one error associated with applying one or more obtained rule(s) to the gathered output pro chemical material duct data) if the gathered chemical material data does not include data point(s) required according to one or more obtained rule(s). Rule based engine 328 may provide the generated chemical material data set to assets DB 304 responsive to the gathered chemical material data being successfully transformed (e.g. responsive to generation of a chemical material data set by applying one or more obtained rule(s) without resulting in an error.

[0223] If at least a part of the gathered chemical material data could not be transformed, rule based engine 328 may proceed to operation 338. In operation 338, rule based engine 328 may generate message data indicating that at least part of the gathered chemical material data could not be transformed. The message data may include an indication which data point(s) of the gathered chemical material data could not be transformed. The message data may be provided to a display device configured to display data received from rule based engine 328. The display device may comprise a graphical user interface 340. The display device may display the message in response to receiving message data from rule based engine 328. This allows to trigger correction or updating of data point(s) identified as not matching one or more of the obtained rule(s). After correction or updating of respectively identified data point(s), gathering and transformation of updated or corrected chemical material data may be initiated.

[0224] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a decentral system for accessing data associated with chemical material(s). The chemical material may be a raw material, such as a virgin material and / or a recycled material, and / or an intermediate chemical product. The chemical material may be any chemical material produced by upstream production stage(s) with respect to the chemical product production stage. The decentral system may be a decentral peer-to-peer network 134 as described in the context of FIG. 1.

[0225] The chemical material may be associated with chemical material data set(s). The chemical material data set(s) may be generated as described in the context of FIG. 3A to FIG. 4. The chemical material data set(s) may be stored in assets DB 304 associated with data transfer service 302. Assets DB 304 may be associated with a decentral provider node 118. The decentral provider node may be associated with a decentral network participant. The decentral network participant may be the producer of the chemical material. The decentral network participant may be the data owner of the chemical material data set(s) stored in assets DB 304. The chemical material data set(s) may represent at least a part of a digital twin of the physical entity of the chemical material. The digital twin may be a digital representation of the physical entity. The digital twin may hence represent a digital version of said physical entity. Once created, the digital twin may be used to represent the physical entity of the chemical material in a digital representation of a real-world system.

[0226] The decentral system may be used to gather chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used to produce chemical product(s) as described in the context of FIG. 10A and FIG. 13. The chemical material data may correspond to chemical material data set(s) stored in assets DB 304. The chemical material data may be gathered by a downstream production stage with respect to the production stage producing the chemical material(s).

[0227] The decentral system may include one or more decentral participants, such as a data consumer and a data provider. The data consumer and the data provider may be connected via a decentral network, such as a decentral peer-to-peer network (see for example FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). The data provider may provide data, such as chemical material data, associated with a chemical material to data consumer. The data consumer may request chemical material data from the data provider. The data provider may correspond to an entity producing chemical materials, such as intermediate chemical products. The data consumer may correspond to an entity using the produced chemical materials(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) and / or an entity performing the methods disclosed in FIG. 10A to FIG. 13. The data consumer may correspond to a downstream participant of the production chain used to produce the chemical product. The data provider may be associated with a data provider environment 508. The data consumer may be associated with a data consumer environment 502. The environments may include one or more node(s). The node(s) may be connected via peer-to-peer communication channels to allow data transfer between the nodes, as described in the context of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The decentral system may include more or less environments than illustrated in FIG. 5.

[0228] The participants of the decentral network may be associated with decentral participant identifiers. Each participant of the decentral network may be associated with one or more decentral participant identifier(s). The decentral participant identifier may comprise any identifier uniquely associated with a participant of the decentral network and / or with a production site of the participant of the decentral network. The decentral participant identifier may include letters and / or numbers. The decentral participant identifier may include one or more Universally Unique Identifier(s) (UUID(s)) and / or one or more Decentralized Identifier(s) (DID(s)). The decentral participant identifier may be associated with or may include a verifiable claim or credential. The verifiable claim may be issued by a central or decentral identity issuer making one or more claims about a subject, such as an entity being a trustworthy participant of the decentral network. For instance, the issuer may make a claim about a consumer (e.g. the entity operating data consuming network node(s)) or a provider (e.g. the entity operating data providing network node(s)) the decentral participant identifier is associated with. The verifiable claim may include those claim(s) as well as proof instructions to prove that claim(s) have not been tampered with and were indeed issued by the claims issuer. The verifiable claim may also include duration information metadata that defines a period of time that the verifiable claim is valid for use or that defines a specific number of times that the verifiable claim is authorized for use. The verifiable claim may also include a DID of the claims issuer and / or the subject, such as an entity. The verifiable claim may be signed by the claims issuer. The claims issuer may provide the verifiable claim to a claims holder, such as the entity, for presentation to any relying party that relies upon the veracity of those claims, such as a decentral data provider. The signature of the verifiable claim may be validated with a public key associated with the claims issuer to determine that the respective entity is a trusted entity within the decentral network. The verifiable credential may be presented by a decentral data consuming network node and may be used by a decentral data providing network node to verify that the decentral participant associated with the decentral data consuming network node is a trusted entity within the decentral network prior to providing access to data, such as chemical material data, hence ensuring that the chemical material data can be exchanged in a secure and controlled manner within the decentral network.

[0229] Data consumer environment 502 may include a consumer node 122 (e.g. decentral data consuming network node 122) and a consumer backend 504. Consumer backend 504 may include or correspond to the system illustrated in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B. Consumer node 122 may be configured to communicate with consumer backend 504. Consumer node 122 may be configured to receive data from the consumer backend 504. Consumer node 122 may be configured to receive data from provider node 118. Consumer node 122 may be configured to request data from provider node 118. Consumer node 122 may be configured to receive data from the consumer backend 504 and configured to receive and / or request data from provider node 118. Consumer node 122 may be configured to gather chemical material data stored in assets DB 304 associated with the provider node 118 of the data owner. Consumer backend 504 may be configured to send a request for data to consumer node 122, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10A to FIG. 13. Consumer backend 504 may be configured to process chemical material data received from consumer node 122, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10A to FIG. 13.

[0230] Data consumer environment 502 may be associated with a participant of the product ecosystem, such as product ecosystem illustrated in FIG. 1 . For instance, data consumer environment 502 may be associated with a chemical material producer, such as chemical product producer 102, receiving chemical material(s) and producing chemical product(s) using the chemical material (s).

[0231] Data consumer environment 502 may be associated with an entity performing the methods illustrated in FIG. 11 to FIG. 14. The entity performing such methods may be a participant of the product ecosystem. The entity performing such methods may not be a participant of the product ecosystem but may function as a service provider providing validated data for generation of chemical product passports. The service provider may gather chemical material data from various provider environment(s) associated with chemical material data of chemical materials used to produce a given chemical product. The service provider may process the gathered chemical material data as described in the context of FIG. 10A to FIG. 14. The service provider may provide the processed chemical material data for generation of chemical product passports.

[0232] Data provider environment 508 may include provider node 118, data transfer service 302 and assets DB 304. Data provider environment 508 may include the asset generation system 346 illustrated in FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B and FIG. 4. Data provider environment 508 may be associated with a data owner, such as a manufacturer producing the chemical material(s). Data provider environment 508 may include assets DB 304 storing chemical material data set(s) of produced chemical material(s). Assets DB 604 may be a dedicated storage associated with the data owner. The data owner may own such dedicated storage. The data owner may have access to such dedicated storage. Provider node 118 may be configured to provide data, such as chemical material data set(s) stored in assets DB 604. Provider node 118 may be configured to perform authentication and authorization step(s) prior to providing chemical material data, for example as described with reference to FIG. 9 later on. Provider node 118 may be coupled to data transfer service 602 configured to gather chemical material data set(s) from assets DB 604 in response to a request received from provider node 118 and to provide the gathered chemical material data set(s) to provider node 118.

[0233] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material(s). The method illustrated in FIG. 6 may be implemented by the system illustrated in FIG. 3A to FIG. 4. The chemical material may be a chemical intermediate product. The chemical material may be any chemical material produced by upstream production stage(s) with respect to the chemical product production stage. The chemical material may be used by one or more downstream participants of the product ecosystem as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s). The chemical material may be produced or producible by a production, such as illustrated in FIG. 4.

[0234] With reference to FIG. 9, data associated with the chemical material may be provided (see block 602). The data may be provided by a computing system connected to the system performing the method of FIG. 6, such as an asset generation system 346. The data may be provided by a user via a communication interface to the system performing the method of FIG. 6, such as an asset generation system 346. The data may be provided to data gathering unit 322 of asset generation system 346. The provided data may be generated in response to receiving a trigger, for example as described in the context of FIG. 4. Data associated with the chemical material may include digital chemical material identifier(s). The digital chemical material identifier(s) may include chemical material name, chemical material number, LOT number, batch number or a combination thereof.

[0235] With continued reference to FIG. 9, chemical material data may be gathered based on the provided data (see block 604). The chemical material data may be gathered from a data source layer, such as data source layer 320 described in the context of FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B. The chemical material data may be gathered from data source layer 320 based on digital chemical material identifier(s) included in the data provided in block 602. The chemical material data may be gathered by data gathering unit 322. The chemical material data may chemical material identifier(s), property data associated with the chemical material, the chemical material name, the chemical material producer chemical material declaration data, chemical material safety data, emission data associated with the chemical material, recyclate content data associated with the chemical material, biobased content data associated with the chemical material, biodegradability data associated with the chemical material, production data associated with the chemical material, certificate of analysis data associated with the chemical material, certificate data associated with the chemical material, life cycle data associated with the chemical material, storage instruction data associated with the chemical material, assembly instructions associated with the chemical material and / or operating conditions associated with the chemical material as described in the context of FIG. 3A.

[0236] A chemical material data set may be generated by transforming the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with a chemical product produced from the chemical material (see block 606). The one or more rule(s) may be associated with or derived from or generated based on a data model associated with the chemical product or the chemical product type. The chemical product may be produced from the chemical material by using the chemical material as input material within at least one production step of the production process of the chemical product. The production process of the chemical product may include one or more production steps. The production steps may be performed by one or more entities of the product ecosystem. The chemical material may be used as input material within at least one of such production step. With reference to FIG. 3B, FIG. 10 and FIG. 12, transforming the gathered chemical material data by the rule-based engine may include identifying one or more rule(s) applicable to the gathered chemical material data. The gathered chemical material data may be transformed by data transforming unit 624, The applicable rule(s) may be identified based on an identifier associated with each applicable rule matching or being related to a chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data. The identifier associated with each applicable rule may include a chemical material identifier matching the chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data. The identifier associated with each applicable rule may include a chemical material type identifier related to the chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data. The chemical material type identifier related to the chemical material identifier included in the gathered chemical material data may be determined based on mapping data as described in the context of FIG. 6B.

[0237] With continued reference to FIG. 3B, FIG. 7 and FIG. 9, executable logic may be generated from the one or more applicable rule(s). The executable logic may be generated by data transforming unit 324. Executable logic may include machine code, interpretable code, bytecode, and / or code that runs on a virtual machine. The logic included in the applicable rule(s) may be encoded in the executable logic. The logic included in the applicable rule(s) may be mirrored in the executable logic. Upon finalizing the generation of the executable logic, data transforming unit 324 may sent a response to data gathering unit 322 indicating finalizing the generation of the executable logic.

[0238] With continued reference to FIG. 3B, FIG. 7 and FIG. 9, a chemical material data set may be generated by transforming the gathered chemical material data by executing the generated executable logic by the rule-based engine subject to rule execution criteria. Data gathering unit 322 may sent a request to data transforming unit 324 to transform the chemical material data based on the executable logic generated for the applicable rule(s). Rule execution criteria may include rule execution order, exemptions and conditions. For instance, the rule designated in the condition is executed first as it triggers the execution or exemption action in the execution of the rule with which it is associated. The generated chemical material data set(s) may be provided from data transforming unit 324 to data provider unit 344.

[0239] It may be verified whether the gathered chemical material data could be transformed according to one or more applicable rule(s) (e.g. one or more rule(s) gathered from rule DB 312 based on the gathered chemical material data) (see block 608). Verification may be performed as described in the context of FIG. 3B. If the gathered chemical material data could be transformed according to the applicable rule(s), e.g. application of such rule(s) did not result in any error, the method may proceed to block 612. Otherwise message data may be generated and provided, for example as described in the context of FIG. 3B.

[0240] The generated chemical material data set may include at least a part of the gathered chemical material data. The part of the chemical material data may be defined by the one or more applied rule(s). The part of the chemical material data may be in tabular data structure. The generated chemical material data set may include chemical material property data point(s), chemical material identifier data point(s), chemical material name data point(s), chemical material producer data point(s), chemical material declaration data point(s), chemical material safety data point(s), chemical material emission data point(s), chemical material recyclate content data point(s), chemical material biobased content data point(s), chemical material biodegradability data point(s), chemical material production data point(s), chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), chemical material certificate data point(s), chemical material life cycle data point(s), chemical material storage instruction data point(s), chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or chemical material operating condition data point(s).

[0241] The generated chemical material data set may be provided for access via a decentral network under control of the data owner of the chemical material data set. With reference to FIG. 9, this may include storing the generated chemical material data set in a data storage, such as assets DB 304, for example as described in the context of FIG. 3A. With continued reference to FIG. 9, this may further include generating group access data and a contract template as described in the context of FIG. 3A. The group access data and contract data may be used to control access to the associated chemical material data set, for example as described in the context of FIG. 11 .

[0242] Use of rule(s) associated with a chemical product produced from such chemical material(s) allows to ensure that chemical material data point(s) required according to the data model, such as an aspect model, associated with the chemical product or the chemical product type are contained in the chemical material data set, hence avoiding missing data point(s) during generation of a chemical product passport associated with the chemical product using said data model. The transformation allows to aggregate the gathered chemical material data into a given data structure, such as a tabular data structure, without the use of complex data models, hence facilitating generation and sharing of chemical material data set(s) within the product ecosystem. Such sharing may enable more efficient production and / or recycling processes based on the shared chemical material data, for instance chemical material composition data included in the shared chemical material data. The tabular data structure can be readily consumed via a decentral network by a consumer backend configured to validate the consumed data and to persist validated consumed data to data storages for generation of chemical product passports. Validation by the consumer side ensures that the chemical product passport contains all data required by the data model used to generate such chemical product passport, hence allowing to reduce the complexity associated with the chemical material data set generation at the provider side by avoiding the use of complex data models during generation of the chemical material data set(s). This may enable reliable sharing of chemical material data of chemical material(s) irrespective of the existence of data models for such chemical materials since the rule(s) required to transform the gathered chemical material data may be readily derived from the data model associated with the chemical product or chemical product type.

[0243] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of a further example method for generating chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material(s). The method illustrated in FIG. 8 may be implemented by the system illustrated in FIG. 3A to FIG. 4. The chemical material may be a chemical intermediate product. The chemical material may be any chemical material produced by upstream production stage(s) with respect to the chemical product production stage. The chemical material may be used by one or more downstream participants of the product ecosystem as input material to produce one or more chemical products. The chemical material may be produced or producible by a production, such as illustrated in FIG. 4.

[0244] Incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data may be received via a decentral network (see block 802). The decentral network may be decentral network 134, 208 described in the context of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The incident data may be generated by a consumer environment, for example as described in the context of FIG. 14. The incident data may include the non-validated chemical material data point(s), the chemical material identifier and an indication indicating lack of validation. The indication may be a classifier, such as “validation failed”, “not validated”. The data associated with the rule(s) or rule template may include unstructured data, as described in the context of FIG. 6B. The data associated with the rule(s) or rule template may include executable logic generated from the rule(s) or rule template.

[0245] With reference to FIG. 5, the incident data may be received by a data provider environment 508 associated with the non-validated chemical material data. The data provider environment 508 may include a decentral consumer node configured to consume data provided via the decentral network (not shown in FIG. 5). The data may be provided by a data provider node associated with data consumer environment 502 (not shown in FIG. 5). The incident data may be provided to the consumer node of data provider environment 508 as described in the context of FIG. 14.

[0246] With reference to FIG. 3A, the incident data received by consumer node of data provider environment 508 may be provided by the consumer node to asset generator service 306. The incident data may be provided via data transfer service 302 to asset generator service 306.

[0247] With continued reference to FIG. 3A and based on the received incident data, chemical material data associated with the chemical material may be gathered. The chemical material data may be gathered based on the chemical material identifier included in the incident data. The chemical material data may be gathered from a data source layer by asset generator service 306.

[0248] With continued reference to FIG. 3A and with reference to FIG. 3B, one or more rule(s) associated with the chemical material may be updated based on the received incident data. This may include generating one or more rule(s) or a rule template from the incident data. The generated rule(s) or rule template may be associated with the chemical material identifier or a corresponding chemical material type identifier. The generated rule(s) or the rule template may be stored in a database containing rule(s) and rule template(s), such as rule DB 312 associated with rule based engine 328. With continued reference to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, an updated chemical material data set may be generated by transforming the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine including the updated rule(s). The updated rule(s) may be applicable to the gathered chemical material data, e.g. may be associated with a matching chemical material identifier or corresponding chemical material type identifier. The method may then proceed as described in the context of block 608 to 612 of FIG. 6.

[0249] Use of incident data to update rule(s) applicable to the chemical material data associated with the incident data may allow to generate updated chemical material data set(s) which may no longer fail validation using the rule(s) associated with the incident data. This may allow to provide - in response to a validation error occurring within a consumer environment validating such consumed chemical material data - updated chemical material data passing validation rule(s) which were not passed in the previous validation process. Use of such incident data to update rule(s) may hence allow to ensure that future chemical material data set(s) may not result in the same validation error. This may result in a more efficient validation and ensures that validated chemical material data is available for chemical product passport generation prior to providing such chemical product associated with the chemical product passport to a consumer. This allows the consumer, such as a chemical product user and / or a recycler, to gather passport data included in the chemical product passport associated with the chemical product and to use the gathered passport data to optimize and / or control production of further products using the chemical product and / or to optimize and / or control recycling processes of end products produced using the chemical product.

[0250] FIG. 10A illustrates a block diagram of an example system for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used as input material(s) to produce a chemical product by a chemical production. The chemical material(s) may be used as production input(s) in one or more process step(s) associated with the production of the chemical product. The process step(s) may be performed by one or more entities. Chemical material(s) may include raw materials, such as virgin material(s) and / or recycled material(s), and / or chemical intermediate products. Chemical intermediate products may be produced as described in the context of FIG. 2. The asset validation system 1042 may be configured to perform the methods described in the context of FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 and FIG. 14. The system may be associated with the chemical production.

[0251] Asset validation system 1042 may include data transfer service 1002, stream storage system 1012 and data transforming unit 1004. Various databases, such as rule DB 1006, storage general 506 and storage application A 510 may be connected to data transforming unit 1004.

[0252] The asset validation system 1042 may be connected to a decentral data consuming node, such as node 122. The decentral data consuming node may be part of a decentral network, such as decentral network 134, 208 described in the context of FIG. I .The decentral data consuming node 122 may be associated with a decentral participant. The decentral participant may be a participant of the product ecosystem associated with the product. The decentral participant may be a service provider providing validated chemical material data for generation of chemical product passports, e.g. may not be a participant of the product ecosystem. With reference to FIG. 5, decentral data consuming node 122 may be configured to request access to chemical material data set(s) at provider node(s) associated with such chemical material data set(s). The accessed chemical material data set(s) may be validated by the system. The request may include the chemical material identifier associated with the chemical material data set(s) and a decentral participant identifier associated with the decentral participant operating consumer node 122. The request may be generated in response to data received from the system, for example received from data transfer service 1002. The data received from the system may include the chemical material identifier(s) and associated access data pointing to decentral provider node(s), such as provider node 118. The access data may include endpoint(s) associated with the decentral provider node(s), such as URI(s). The request may be generated per chemical material identifier and associated access data. The request received by the respective provider node(s) may be authenticated. Such authentication may be based on data related to an authentication mechanism. The authentication mechanism may be based on certificate(s) and / or token(s), for example a device certificate (X.509v3), a TLS connection certificate (X.509v3) and a ‘Dynamic Attribute Token’ (OAuth Access Token), associated with the respective decentral participant nodes, e.g. consumer node 122 and provider node 118. If authentication fails, no chemical material data set(s) may be provided by respective data provider(s).

[0253] Provider node(s) may initiate contract negotiations with consumer node 122. Contract negations may be initiated upon successful authentication. Provider node(s) may provide electronic contract(s) to consumer node 122. The electronic contract may include one or more authorization rule(s) associated with the chemical material identifier. The electronic contract may further include the endpoint(s) associated with the chemical material data set(s). The endpoint(s) may point to the dedicated storage storing the respective chemical material data set(s), such as assets DB 304. The electronic contract may be generated by the provider node(s) based on group access data and a contract template associated with the respective chemical material identifier(s). The system may automatically accept the provided electronic contract(s). The system may be configured to parse the provided electronic contract(s) to determine the authorization rule(s) associated with the chemical material data set(s) to be gathered. Consumer node 122 may provide data being indicative of the signature, such as a token, to respective provider node(s). If the electronic contract is not signed, consumer node 122 may likewise forward data being indicative of declining the contract to the respective provider node(s). Upon declining the contract, respective provider node(s) may terminate the connection and may not provide any chemical material data set(s). Signature of such electronic contracts generated from group access data and a contract template associated with respective chemical material identifier(s) ensures that the consumer node 122 and further systems, such as asset validation system 1042, handling the provided chemical material data are complying to at least one authorization rule included in the electronic contract associated with the chemical material data set(s). This may ensure that the chemical material data set(s) may be exchanged in a secure and controlled manner, hence avoiding access to chemical material data set(s) by unauthorized decentral network participants while allowing to provide the chemical material data set(s) to decentral network participants required to use such provided chemical material data set(s), for example to control and / or monitor production of the chemical product and / or to control and / or monitor recycling operations and / or to generate chemical product passports associated with the chemical products.

[0254] With continued reference to FIG. 5, data providing node(s) may provide chemical material data set(s) associated with chemical material data identifier(s) included in the request received from consumer node 122 upon signature of the electronic contract. The chemical material data set(s) may be gathered from a dedicated storage, such as assets DB 304 as described in the context of FIG. 3A and FIG. 6.

[0255] Returning to FIG. 10A, consumer node 122 may provide the received chemical material data set(s) to data transfer service 1002. Data transfer service 1002 may be connected to stream storage system 1012. Stream storage system 1012 may be connected to data transforming unit 1004. Data transforming unit 1004 may be positioned upstream from data transfer service 1002. Chemical material data gathered via the decentral network may flow through data transfer service 1002 and stream storage system 1012 to data transforming unit 1004.

[0256] Data transfer service 1002 may be configured to receive chemical material data from consumer node 122. The chemical material data may represent a stream of data. Such a stream may be an ordered sequence of records received from consumer node 122 relatively continuously, i.e. not in accumulated batches or chunks. A record may for example comprise chemical material data associated with a given chemical material via a chemical material identifier. A record may be in a tabular representation. A record maybe in an object representation, e.g. using JSON, an XML document. A record may be defined as data that can be delivered continuously in small chunks or increments. The records may or may not be time- ordered. Data transfer service 1002 may be configured to generate data package(s) including the chemical material data received from consumer node 122. A data package may be generated by received chemical material data set. The data package may include further data, such as a time stamp, a date stamp, the chemical material identifier associated with the chemical material data, the decentral participant identifier associated with the provider node, location data pointing to the dedicated storage storing the chemical material data set or a combination thereof. The data package may represent a message or an event. The generated data package data may be provided to stream storage system 1012.

[0257] Stream storage system 1012 may be configured to store data packages received (e.g. pushed) from data transfer service 1002. The stream storage system 1012 may be configured to provide the stored data to data transforming unit 1004. The stream storage system 1012 may be configured to provide the stored data to data consuming unit 1008 of data transforming unit 1004. Stream storage system 1012 may comprise one or more persistent or non-persistent logs 1014, 1016. In this embodiment, stream storage system 1012 comprises two persistent or non-persistent logs 1014, 1016 (i.e. log 1 1014 and log 2 1016). Records stored in said logs may be ordered, for example by using IDs. This allows to identify a record within a specific log. A record may include a data package generated by data transfer service 1002. Stream storage system 1012 may provide a streaming service or stream processing service between one or more streaming sources (e.g. data transfer service 1002) and one or more streaming sinks (e.g. log 1 1014 and log 2 1016). Stream storage system 1012 may act as a persistent or non-persistent stream sink for chemical material data received from consumer node 122. For example, open-source software systems such as Apache Kafka ("Kafka") or Azure Event Hubs may act as a persistent stream sink.

[0258] Stream storage system 1012 may be configured to pull chemical material data from data transfer service 1002. For instance, stream storage system 1012 may be configured to request chemical material data from data transfer service 1002 at regular time intervals.

[0259] Stream storage system 1012 may be configured to determine if the received or pulled chemical material data is already contained in the one or more persistent or non-persistent logs. If said chemical material data is already contained in the one or more persistent or non-persistent logs, stream storage system 1012 may not store the received or pulled chemical material data in said logs. If said chemical material data is not contained in one or more persistent or non-persistent logs or is an update, stream storage system 1012 may be configured to store the received or pulled chemical material data in the one or more persistent or non-persistent logs or to update chemical material data present in the persistent or non- persistent log(s) with the received or pulled updated chemical material data. This may avoid that the same chemical material data is stored multiple times in the persistent or non-persistent log(s), hence avoiding redundant validation operations on the chemical material data stored in stream storage system 1012.

[0260] Data transforming unit 1004 may be connected to the stream storage system 1012. Data consuming unit 1008 of data transforming unit 1004 may be connected to stream storage system 1012. Data consuming unit 1008 may be connected to one or more persistent or non-persistent logs (e.g. in this embodiment in log 1 1014 and log 2 1016) of stream storage system 1012 to ingest and process chemical material data stored within the log(s). The stream storage system 1012 may be in a publisher-subscriber relationship with the data consuming unit 1008. For instance, data in one or more the logs(s) may be periodically read (e.g. pulled) by data consuming unit 1008. To avoid consumption of a data package stored in a log several times, such data package may be marked as consumed by stream storage system 1012. To avoid consumption of a data package stored in a log several times, an integer indicating the offset of the next data package to consume may be used. Such integer may be just one number for each persistent or non- persistent log. Such integer may be periodically checkpointed . Use of such an integer may allow data consuming unit 1008 to re-consume data packages by rewinding the integer to an old offset.

[0261] Data consuming unit 1008 may be connected to data validation unit 1010 of data transforming unit 1004. Data consuming unit 1008 may be configured to provide data packages gathered from stream storage system 1012 to data validation unit 1010 for validation of chemical material data included in said data packages. Data consuming unit 1008 may be configured to extract chemical material data from the data packages and provide the extracted chemical material identifier and chemical material data to data validation unit 1010. Data validation unit 1010 may be configured to validate chemical material data (e.g. data packages received from stream storage system 1012) based on one or more rule(s) retrieved from rule DB 1006, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10A. Validation may include applying one or more rule(s) retrieved from rule DB 1006 to the chemical material data. The chemical material data may be validated if at least a part of the applied rules are fulfilled. Applying the rule(s) to the chemical material data may include comparing the combination of chemical material identifier and location data to a database storing such combinations of chemical material identifier(s) and associated location data. Applying the rule(s) to the chemical material data may include comparing data point(s) present within one or more rule(s) to individual data point(s) present within the chemical material data to be validated. Applying the rule(s) to the chemical material data may include comparing data point combination(s) defined in the rule(s) to data point combination present within the chemical material data to be validated. Applying the rule(s) to the chemical material data may include comparing the data defined in one or more rule(s) to the whole chemical material data to be validated. The one or more rule(s) may be associated with a chemical product produced from the chemical material(s). The one or more rule(s) may be associated with a data model of the chemical product or the chemical product type. The data model may include a semantic description of the chemical product passport associated with the chemical product. The semantic description may include a semantic description of chemical material data and chemical product data. The semantic description may include the structure of at least a portion of the chemical product passport, and / or properties of the chemical product passport. The properties of the chemical product passport set may include data types. The properties of the chemical product passport set may include possible or allowable values and / or value ranges. The properties of the chemical product passport set may be a physical unit of parameter(s) described by values contained in the chemical product passport. The data type(s) and associated value(s) and / or value range(s) of chemical material data may be included in the one or more rule(s). This may allow to validate whether gathered chemical material data fulfils the data type(s) and associated value(s) and / or value range(s) required for chemical material data according to the data model. By validating the chemical material data against one or more rule(s) generated from the data model, it may be ensured that chemical material required by the data model is indeed included in the gathered chemical material data, allowing to ensure that chemical product passport(s) generated from such validated chemical material data include all required chemical material data. Validation of gathered chemical material data on data point level may allow to reliably perform the validation irrespective of the data structure of the chemical material data. This may allow, in turn, to generate the chemical material data without having to use complex data models. Instead, chemical material data may be generated in a tabular representation by the data providers and may be used by data validation unit 1310 for validation of data point(s) included in the chemical material data. The one or more rule(s) may define one for more chemical material identifier data point(s), chemical material property data point(s), chemical material name data point(s), chemical material producer data point(s), chemical material declaration data point(s), chemical material safety data point(s), chemical material emission data point(s), chemical material recyclate content data point(s), chemical material biobased content data point(s), chemical material biodegradability data point(s), chemical material production data point(s), chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), chemical material certificate data point(s), chemical material life cycle data point(s), chemical material storage instruction data point(s), chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or chemical material operating condition data point(s). The rule may define data point(s) per data category. The rule may define data point(s) for at least two different data categories. A data category may signify property data, declaration data, safety data, emission data, recyclate content data, biobased content data, biodegradability data, production data, certificate of analysis data, certificate data, storage instruction data, assembly instruction data or operating condition data.

[0262] By validating the chemical material data against one or more rule(s) generated from the data model, it may be ensured that chemical material data required by the data model is indeed included in the gathered chemical material data, allowing to ensure that chemical material passport(s) generated from such validated chemical material data include all required chemical material data. Validation of gathered chemical material data on data point level may allow to reliably perform the validation irrespective of the data structure of the chemical material data. This may allow, in turn, to generate the chemical material data without having to use data semantic models. Instead, chemical material data set(s) may be generated in a tabular representation by the data providers and may be used by data validation unit 1010 for validation of data point(s) included in the chemical material data set(s) received as chemical material data by the data consumer side.

[0263] The validated chemical material data generated by data validation unit 1310 may include one or more validated chemical material property data point(s), validated chemical material identifier(s), validated chemical material name(s), validated chemical material producer data point(s), validated chemical material declaration data point(s), validated chemical material safety data point(s), validated chemical material emission data point(s), validated chemical material recyclate content data point(s), validated chemical material biobased content data point(s), validated chemical material biodegradability data point(s), validated chemical material production data point(s), validated chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), validated chemical material certificate data point(s), validated chemical material life cycle data point(s), validated chemical material storage instruction data point(s), validated chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or validated chemical material operating condition data point(s).

[0264] Data validation unit 1010 may further be configured to determine the storage location to which the validated chemical material is to be persisted. The storage location may be determined based on mapping data including a mapping between chemical material identifier(s) and associated storage location data. The storage location data may include endpoint(s) associated with said storage location(s). The storage location(s) may be identified by way of storage location identifier(s) included in the storage location data. Such identifier(s) may be used to gather endpoint(s) associated with such storage location(s). The mapping data may include a first mapping between chemical material identifier and chemical material identifier and a second mapping between chemical material type identifier and associated storage location data. The mapping data may be stored in a database connected to data validation unit 1010 (not shown). Determining the storage location of validated chemical material data may allow to persist validated chemical material data in storage locations associated with given applications or systems(s). For instance, the validated chemical material data associated with a given chemical product , such as a given chemical product type, may be persisted in a storage location associated with a given application processing such validated chemical material data. Processing may, for example include generation of chemical product passport(s) using such validated chemical material data. Validated chemical material data which may not be mapped to a given application may be persisted in a general storage, such as storage general 506.

[0265] Data validation unit 1010 may further be configured to provide the validated chemical material data to the determined storage location, such as general storage general 506 or storage application A 510, for storage.

[0266] The asset validation system 1042 may further include incident data generator 1044. Incident data generator 1044 may be configured to generate incident data based on non-validated chemical material data stored in a database, such as storage general 506. The non-validated chemical material data may be associated with a classifier indicating non-compliance with one or more applied rule(s). The classifier may include “not validated”, “not valid”, “validation failed” or “failed”. The classifier may be associated with each data point which could not be validated upon application of the one or more rule(s). Each data point which could not be validated may be associated with a respective chemical material identifier. Each data point which could not be validated may be associated with rule data indicating the rule that resulted in non-validation of the respective data point. The rule data may include the rule. The rule data may include the executable logic generated from the rule, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10B. Incident data generator 1044 may be configured to gather data point(s) associated with the classifier per chemical material identifier. Incident data generator 1044 may query the database for chemical material data associated with the classifier. Incident data generator 1044 may assemble gathered chemical material data into incident data based on the chemical material identifier associated with the gathered chemical material data. Incident data generator 1044 may provide the generated incident data to data transfer service 1002. Data transfer service 1002 may be configured to determine the provider node having provided the non-validated incident data. Data transfer service 1002 may be configured to initiate a transfer of the incident data to the determined node associated with asset generator system 306 generating the non-validated chemical material data set via consumer node 122. The incident data may be provided to the node, such as provider node 118, using an endpoint of such node configured to receive data from other nodes of the decentral network. The endpoint may be provided by such node to data transfer service 1002 or a backend connected to data transfer service 1002. The endpoint may be stored in a ledger interrelating consumer node(s) with respective endpoints used for pushing incident data to such consumer nodes. The consumer node(s) may be identified by decentral participant identifier(s). Generation and provision of incident data associated with non-validated data point(s) may allow the data provider providing such non-validated data point(s) to generated updated chemical material data, for example as described in the context of FIG. 8 and to provide the updated chemical material data set(s). Hence, the use of incident data may ensure that non-validated chemical material data point(s) can be corrected by respective data providers such that the updated chemical material data set(s) generated by the asset generator service 306 associated with node 118 pass(es) the validation. This may result in efficient and reliable generation of validated chemical material data required to generate chemical product passports and hence also in reliable generation of chemical product passports. The chemical product passports may allow to improve and / or control production of further products using the chemical product and / or recycling processes of end products produced from the chemical product(s) based on passport data contained in the product passports.

[0267] FIG. 10B illustrates a diagram showing an example of validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used as input material(s) to produce a chemical product using a rule-based engine. The chemical material data may be gathered via a decentral network as described in the context of FIG. 3A. The gathered chemical material data may correspond to chemical material data set(s) stored in a dedicated storage of a data provider environment, such as data provider environment 508 described in the context of FIG. 5.

[0268] Data validation unit 1020 may include rule based engine 1022. The rule based engine 1022 may operate on individual data point(s), multiple data point(s) and / or the gathered chemical material data. The rule based engine 1022 may operate on data gathered per chemical material identifier individually. This allows to validate chemical material data per chemical material, hence allowing a more granular validation of the chemical material data. Rule based engine 328 may receive a request to validate gathered chemical material data. The request may contain at least a part of the gathered chemical material data. Data packages (e.g. messages or events) may be consumed from one or more log(s) of stream storage system 1012 (see operation 1038) by data consuming unit 1008 as described in the context of FIG. 10A. The consumed data packages may be extracted by data consuming unit 1008 (see operation 1046). The extracted chemical material identifier may be provided to rule based engine 1022. The rule based engine 1022 may have access to one or more rule(s). The rule based engine 1022 may include one or more rule(s). The one or more rule(s) may be present within a rule template. The one or more rule(s) and / or the rule template(s) may be stored in a data storage, such as rule DB 1018. The one or more rule(s) or rule template(s) may be provided to rule DB 1018 by a user. The one or more rule(s) may correspond to unstructured data associated with validation operation(s). The rule template(s) may include unstructured data associated with instructions related to validation operation(s). The one or more rule(s) or the rule template may be included in a file provided by the user. The one or more rule(s) or the rule template(s) may be associated with chemical material type identifier(s) and / or chemical material identifier(s). Rule based engine 1022 may generate a request to obtain one or more rule(s) from rule DB 1018. The request may contain the respective chemical material identifier(s).

[0269] One or more rule(s) associated with the chemical material data to be validated (e.g. one or more applicable rule(s)) may be provided to rule based engine 1022 in response to the request. The one or more rule(s) may define data point(s) and / or combination(s) of data point(s) to be present within the consumed chemical material data, e.g. to be present within a consumed chemical material data set. The one or more rule(s) may be associated with chemical product(s) produced from the chemical material associated with the chemical material data to be validated. The one or more rule(s) may be associated with or derived from or generated based on a data model of the chemical product or the chemical product type. Hence, the one or more rule(s) may ensure that data point(s) associated with chemical material(s) and being required according to the data model may be included in the consumed chemical material data. The one or more rule(s) may be defined by the mandatory chemical material data point(s) present within the data model. The one or more rule(s) may be generated based on the mandatory chemical material data point(s) present within the data model. This may ensure that chemical material data required by the data model is included in the consumed chemical material data. The one or more rule(s) may define one for more chemical material property data point(s), chemical material identifier data point(s), chemical material name data point(s), chemical material producer data point(s), chemical material declaration data point(s), chemical material safety data point(s), chemical material emission data point(s), chemical material recyclate content data point(s), chemical material biobased content data point(s), chemical material biodegradability data point(s), chemical material production data point(s), chemical material certificate of analysis data point(s), chemical material certificate data point(s), chemical material life cycle data point(s), chemical material storage instruction data point(s), chemical material assembly instruction data point(s) and / or chemical material operating condition data point(s). The rule may define data point(s) per data category. The rule may define data point(s) for at least two different data categories. A data category may signify property data, declaration data, safety data, emission data, recyclate content data, biobased content data, biodegradability data, production data, certificate of analysis data, certificate data, storage instruction data, assembly instruction data or operating condition data. The one or more rule(s) may be associated with chemical material identifier(s) and / or chemical material type identifier(s). A mapping table may be used to map chemical material identifier(s) to corresponding chemical material type identifier(s). The chemical material type identifier(s) may be associated with chemical material type(s). The mapping table may be stored in a separate database (not shown). Rule based engine 1022 may be configured to gather chemical material type identifier(s) based on determined chemical material identifiers) and to request rule(s) based on the gathered chemical material type identifier(s). This may allow to gather rule(s) associated with chemical material type identifier(s) based on chemical material identifier(s), hence avoiding generation of rule(s) per chemical material identifier and reducing the number of rule(s) that need to be generated, stored and maintained in rule DB 1018. Rule based engine 1022 may be configured to initialize the rule engine (see operation 1026). Initialization of the rule engine may include generating rule data executable by a processor included in rule based engine 1022. The rule data may include or correspond to executable logic. This may allow to transform rule(s) or rule template(s) present in unstructured data form into code that can be executed by the processor. Execution of the code may result in applying the executable rule data to the extracted chemical material I data (see operation 1028) to validate the consumed chemical material data according to the obtained rule(s). Execution of the logic may result in matching consumed chemical material data to data point(s) and / or combination(s) of data point(s) included in the executable logic, evaluating the data point(s) or combination(s) of data point(s) with matched chemical material data and generating validation result data based on the evaluation results. The validation result data may include a classifier and associated validated or non-validated chemical material data point(s). The classifier may be a binary classifier discriminating validated and non-validated chemical material data. Consumed chemical material data point(s) may be considered validated if one or more rule(s) applied by rule based engine 1022 are fulfilled. Applying the rule(s) to the consumed chemical material data may include comparing individual data point(s) present within the rule(s) to individual data point(s) present within the chemical material data to be validated to determine whether the chemical material data to be validated includes individual data point(s) required by such rule(s). Applying the rule(s) to the consumed chemical material data may include comparing data point combination(s) defined in the rule(s) to data point combination present within the chemical material data to be validated to determine whetherthe chemical material data contains data point combinations required by such rule(s). Applying the rule(s) to the consumed chemical material data may include comparing the data defined in the rule(s) to the whole chemical material data set to be validated to determine whether the chemical material data set contains all data required by such rule(s). Operations performed by rule based engine 1322 may be determined by rule(s) gathered from rule DB 1318. For instance, rule(s) gathered from rule DB 1318 may determine whether rule based engine 1322 operates on individual data point(s) and / or multiple data point(s) of the consumed chemical material data and / or the whole chemical material data.

[0270] Rule based engine 1022 may be configured to determine whether the consumed chemical material data fulfills one or more applied rule(s) (see operation 1030). Consumed chemical material data may not be validated or only partially validated (e.g. validation may result in at least one error associated with applying one or more obtained rule(s) to the consumed chemical material data) if the consumed chemical material does not include data point(s) required according to one or more obtained rule(s). Rule based engine 1022 may indicate to data validation unit 1020 successful validation of the consumed chemical material data responsive to the determination that the consumed chemical material data is successfully validated (e.g. fulfils one or more obtained rule(s)). In response to receiving that indication, data validation unit 1020 may determine the target data storage where the validated chemical material data is to be persisted (see operation 1040). The target data storage may be determined as described in the context of FIG. 10A. If data validation unit 1020 determines that the validated chemical material data is not associated with a given application, data validation unit 1020 may provide the validated chemical material data to a storage not being associated with any application processing the validated chemical material data, such as storage general 506. If data validation unit 1020 determines that the validated chemical material data is associated with a given application, data validation unit 1020 may provide the validated chemical material data to a storage being associated with such application processing the validated chemical material data stored therein, for example by generating chemical product passports.

[0271] If at least a part of the consumed chemical material data could not be validated, rule based engine 1022 may indicate to data validation unit 1020 that at least a part of the consumed chemical material data could not be validated. In response to receiving the indication, data validation unit 1020 may generate message data (operation 1032). The message data may indicate that at least part of the consumed chemical material data could not be validated. The message data may include an indication which data point(s) of the consumed chemical material data could not be validated. The message data may be provided to a display device configured to display data received from data validation unit 1020. The display device may comprise a graphical user interface 1034. The display device may display the message in response to receiving message data from rule based engine 1022. This allows to trigger correction or updating of non-validated data points, for example by generating incident data as described in the context of FIG. 10A.

[0272] Rule based engine 1022 may be configured to provide non-validated chemical material data to a storage not being associated with any application processing the validated chemical material data, such as storage general 506. The non-validated chemical material data may be provided to such storage along with a classifier classifying such chemical material data as non-validated. The non-validated chemical material may be provided to such storage along with the classifier and rule data indicating the applied rule(s) resulting in non-validation of at least a part of the chemical material data.

[0273] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used as input material(s) to produce a chemical product. The method illustrated in FIG. 11 may be implemented by the system illustrated in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B. The chemical material(s) may be used as production input(s) in one or more process step(s) associated with the production of the chemical product. The process step(s) may be performed by one or more entities. Chemical materials may include raw materials, such as virgin material(s) and / or recycled material(s), and / or chemical intermediate products. The chemical intermediate products may be produced as described in the context of FIG. 2. The chemical product may be produced by a chemical production.

[0274] Chemical product data including chemical product identifier(s) and chemical material identifier(s) associated with chemical material(s) used to produce the chemical product may be provided (see block 1102). The identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s) may be asset identifiers associated with or included in the chemical material data. The chemical product data may be provided from one or more database(s) storing such chemical product data. The one or more database(s) may be associated with the chemical production. The chemical product data may be provided by an entity producing the chemical product to the entity performing the method illustrated in FIG. 11 . The chemical product data may further include chemical product property data. The chemical product property data may include at least one measured chemical and / or physical property of the chemical product and / or at least one chemical and / or physical property determined from collected data associated with the production of the chemical product. At least a part of the chemical product data may be stored in one or more databases. The one or more database(s) may be determined based on mapping data. The mapping data may map chemical product identifier(s) to applications and associated databases. The mapping data may map chemical product identifier(s) to chemical product type identifier(s) and associated applications and databases.

[0275] Chemical material data may be gathered via a decentral network based on the chemical material identifier(s) included in the provided product data (see block 1104). The decentral network may be decentral network 134, 208 described in the context of FIG. 1. The chemical material data may be gathered by a decentral data consuming node, such as consumer node 122, from decentral data providing node(s), such as provider node 118, associated with the respective chemical material data as described in the context of FIG. 5. With reference to FIG. 12, gathering chemical material data may include determining decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data matching the chemical material identifier(s) (e.g. chemical material data associated with the provided chemical material identifier(s)). Determining such provider node(s) may include providing candidate decentral provider nodes associated with chemical material data of chemical material(s) used to produce the chemical product. The candidate provider node(s) may be provided by providing a database storing candidate provider node data associated with chemical material identifier(s) matching chemical material identifier(s) of chemical material data set(s) associated with such candidate provider node(s) (e.g. accessible via said candidate provider node(s)). The candidate provider node data may include access data associated with the candidate provider node(s). The candidate provider node data may further include candidate provider node identifier(s) and / or decentral participant identifier(s) associated with the candidate provider node(s). The database may include mapping data mapping candidate provider node data to chemical material identifier(s) associated with chemical material data provided by candidate provider nodes associated with the candidate provider node data. The database may be updated upon receiving new candidate provider data and associated chemical material identifier(s). Use of such mapping data allows to efficiently determine target provider node(s) associated with the required chemical material data, hence resulting in a reduced latency associated with the gathering of the chemical material data. This may ensure, that the chemical material data may be validated and the validated chemical material data may be processed, for example by generating chemical product passports, prior to providing the chemical product associated with the chemical product passport to a consumer, such as a chemical product consumer. Efficient generation of chemical product passports may avoid storage of produced chemical product(s) prior to providing them to consumers due to the absence of associated chemical product passports which may need to be generated from a regulatory standpoint prior to providing the associated chemical product to a consumer. With continued reference to FIG. 12, access data for target decentral provider nodes associated with the chemical material data may be determined based on the provided chemical material identifier(s). Target provider nodes may be identified by matching the provided chemical material identifier(s) to chemical material identifier(s) stored in the mapping data. The candidate provider node data associated with matching chemical material identifier(s) may be gathered from such database as target provider node data. The gathered target provider node data may be parsed to determine access data associated with target decentral provider node(s) (e.g. provider node(s) associated with dedicated storage(s) storing chemical material data associated with provided chemical material identifier(s)).

[0276] With continued reference to FIG. 12, access to chemical material data associated with the provided chemical material identifier(s) may be requested from target data provider node(s) associated with the determined access data. Access to chemical material data may be requested as described in the context of FIG. 10A. The chemical material data may be provided by the target provider node(s) in response to such a request, for example as described in the context of FIG. 5.

[0277] Returning to FIG. 11 and with reference to FIG. 10A and FIG. 13, the gathered chemical material data may be provided to a stream storage system, such as stream storage system 1012 described in the context of FIG. 10A. A data consumer, such as data consuming unit 1008 described in the context of FIG. 10A may consume the gathered chemical material data from the stream storage system. The consumer may extract chemical material identifier(s) and chemical material data from the consumed data package(s). The stream storage system may hence serve as a chemical material data sink and allows to compensate the asynchronous gathering of the chemical material data from the decentral network. Gathered chemical material data set(s) may be provided as messages or events to stream storage system. Stream storage system may publish such received message(s) or event(s), e.g. may persist the received message(s) or event(s) in a persistent or non-persistent log, for example as described in the context of FIG. 13A. The messages or events may be generated by data transfer service 1302, for example as described in the context of FIG. 13A. The data consumer may listen to published messages and / or events (see FIG. 13A) and may consume new messages and / or events. This may ensure that validation may be performed per chemical material data set and avoids validating a given chemical material data set multiple times.

[0278] With continued reference to FIG. 10A and FIG. 13 and with further reference to FIG. 10B, at least a part of the gathered chemical material data may be validated by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with the product. The chemical material data may be validated by data validation unit 1010. The applicable rule(s) may be identified based on an identifier associated with each applicable rule matching or being related to a chemical material identifier included in the extracted chemical material data. The identifier associated with each applicable rule may include a chemical material identifier matching the chemical material included in the extracted chemical material data. The identifier associated with each applicable rule may include a chemical material type identifier related to the chemical material identifier included in the extracted chemical material data. The chemical material type identifier related to the chemical material identifier included in the extracted chemical material data may be determined based on mapping data as described in the context of FIG. 10B.

[0279] With continued reference to FIG. 10B and FIG. 13, executable logic may be generated from the one or more applicable rule(s). The executable logic may be generated by data validation unit 1010. Executable logic may include machine code, interpretable code, bytecode, and / or code that runs on a virtual machine. The logic included in the applicable rule(s) may be encoded in the executable logic. The logic included in the applicable rule(s) may be mirrored in the executable logic. Upon finalizing the generation of the executable logic, data validation unit 1010 may sent a response to data consuming unit 1008 indicating finalizing the generation of the executable logic.

[0280] With continued reference to FIG. 10B and FIG. 13, extracted chemical material data may be provided to data validation unit 1010 by data consuming unit 1008 in response to receiving an indication that the generation of the executable logic has been finalized. The extracted chemical material data may be validated by executing the generated executable logic. The executable logic may be subject to rule execution criteria. Data consuming unit 1008 may sent a request to data validation unit 1010 to transform the extracted chemical material based on the executable logic generated for the applicable rule(s). Rule execution criteria may include rule execution order, exemptions and conditions. Validation data including the result of the validation may be generated by the rule engine. The validation data may include the chemical material data points subject to the validation process and associated classifiers. The classifiers may indicate whether the respective chemical material data point passed or failed the validation process. The validation data may further include rule data associated with data point(s) for which validation failed. The rule data may indicate the applied rule(s) which resulted in a fail of the validation of such data point.

[0281] Returning to FIG. 11 and with continued reference to FIG. 13, it may be verified whether the extracted chemical material data could be validated according to one or more applicable rule(s) (e.g. one or more rule(s) gathered from rule DB 1018 based on the gathered chemical material data) (see block 1108). Validation may be performed as described in the context of FIG. 10B. If the extracted chemical material data could be validated according to the applicable rule(s), e.g. application of such rule(s) did not result in any error, the method may proceed to block 1118. If only a part of the extracted chemical material data could be validated, the method may proceed to block 1114. If the extracted chemical material data could not be validated, the method may proceed to block 1110.

[0282] In block 1110, message data may be generated, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10B. The validation data including the non-validated chemical material data may be provided to a storage location, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10B. The validation data including the nonvalidated chemical material data may be used to generate incident data, for example das described in the context of FIG. 10A and FIG. 14. In block 1114, message data may be generated, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10B. In block 1116, validation data including the non-validated chemical material data may be provided to a storage location as previously described.

[0283] Validated chemical material data may be linked to at least one of the chemical product identifiers (see block 1118). This may allow to gather the validated chemical material data based on at least one chemical product identifier, for example upon generating the chemical product passports.

[0284] With continued reference to FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B, storage location(s) for at least a part of the validated chemical material data may be determined based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data (see block 1120). The chemical material identifier(s) may be included in the validated chemical material data. The storage location(s) may be determined as described in the context of FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B. Providing the validated chemical material data to a database used by a defined application to process the validated chemical material data may allow to sort the validated chemical material data according to applications processing or consuming the validated chemical material data. This may improve security since unauthorized data access by applications not processing the validated chemical material data stored in such database is avoided. Moreover, this may reduce latency to generate chemical product passports since the amount of data stored within a particular database is reduced by selectively providing validated chemical material data to be processed by a given application to database(s) associated with such application.

[0285] With continued reference to FIG. 13, at least a part of the validated chemical material data linked to at least one of the product identifiers may be provided to determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product including at least a part of the validated chemical material data (see block 1122). The validated chemical material data provided to such storage location(s) may be persisted in such storage location(s).

[0286] By gathering chemical material data directly from respective data provider nodes associated with such chemical material data, e.g. by avoiding a query to the decentral network to locate the data provider node(s) associated with the desired chemical material data, the chemical material data may be gathered via the decentral network reliably and quickly. By validating the gathered chemical material data by a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with the chemical product or chemical product type, such as rule(s) associated with a data model of the chemical product or chemical product type, chemical product passports may be reliably generated from such validated chemical material data since validation allows to ensure that all chemical material data points required according to the data model used to generate the chemical product passport are available (e.g. are stored within a dedicated storage). By validating the gathered chemical material data at the consumer side, the chemical material data can be directly gathered from the provider side without requiring the provider side to provide chemical material data adhering to a defined data structure. Hence, the provider side may not be required to generate the chemical material data gathered by the consumer side by using complex data models resulting in highly defined chemical material data sets. Instead, chemical material data may be provided as a tabular representation to the consumer side and such chemical material data may be validated on data point level to ensure that the gathered chemical material data includes all data point(s) mandatory with respect to the data model used to generate chemical product passports from the validated chemical material data. By validating the chemical material data on consumer side, the effort to generate and provide chemical material data at the provider side is greatly reduced while maintaining security, hence resulting in reliable, quick and secure sharing of chemical material data required to generate chemical product passports. This in turn may allow to generate chemical product passports associated with chemical products produced from such chemical materials in a reliable and efficient way, ensuring a high data quality of the chemical product passport as well as that such chemical product passports are available upon providing the chemical product to a consumer without having to store the chemical product until generation of the associated chemical product passport is completed. The high data quality of the chemical product passport may allow consumers of the associated chemical product to control and / or monitor production processes using the chemical product and / or recycling processes involving end-products or parts thereof produced from the chemical product in a more reliable and / or efficient way. In addition, this setup allows to gather chemical material data for various chemical material(s) from various data provider nodes simultaneously while ensuring that gathered chemical material data is correctly validated and persisted to a database associated with an application consuming the validated chemical material data persisted in such database.

[0287] FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of a further example method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) used as input material(s) to produce a chemical product. The method illustrated in FIG. 14 may be implemented by the system illustrated in FIG. 10A and FIG. l OB. The chemical material(s) may be used as production input(s) in one or more process step(s) associated with the production of the chemical product. The process step(s) may be performed by one or more entities. Chemical material(s) may include raw materials, such as virgin material(s) and / or recycled material(s) and / or intermediate chemical products. Intermediate chemical product(s) may be produced as described in the context of FIG. 2.

[0288] Incident data including non-validated chemical material data and data associated with rule(s) or a rule template resulting in the non-validation of such chemical material data may be generated (see block 1402). The incident data may be generated by incident data generator 1044, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10A.

[0289] The generated incident data may be provided via a decentral network to the decentral data provider associated with the non-validated chemical material data. The decentral data provider may be determined based on the chemical material identifier included in the generated incident data as described in the context of FIG. 12 using mapping data including candidate provider node data and associated chemical material identifier. For instance, the chemical material identifier included in the incident data may be matched to chemical material identifier(s) included in the mapping data to determine associate provider node data. The associated provider node data may be parsed to determine the access data associated with such provider node. The access data may be used to provide the incident data to the provider node associated with the access data.

[0290] In response to receiving the incident data, a backend system associated with the provider node receiving the incident data, such as asset generation system 346, may generate updated chemical material data set, for example as described in the context of FIG. 8. The updated chemical material data may be provided to the consumer node providing the incident data used to generate the updated chemical material data. The updated chemical material data may be provided to the consumer node by pushing such data to the consumer node without receiving a request for such data, for example as described in the context of FIG. 10A. This may allow to provide the updated chemical material data after generation of such chemical material data, hence reducing a delay in transfer of the updated chemical material data to the consumer node and facilitating timely validation of the updated chemical material data and generation of the chemical product passport using the updated and successfully validated chemical material data. This may avoid that chemical product passports may not be generated due to lack of validated chemical material data and may ensure that chemical product provided to the consumer, such as a chemical product consumer, is associated with a chemical product passport allowing the consumer to gather passport data included in the chemical product passport and to use the gathered passport data to control and / or optimize further production processes using the chemical product and / or recycling processes of end-products or parts thereof produced from the chemical product.

[0291] The updated chemical material data may be validated, for example as described in the context of FIG. 11.

[0292] The present disclosure has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments and examples as well. However, other variations can be understood and effected by those persons skilled in the art and practicing the claimed invention, from the studies of the drawings, this disclosure and the claims.

[0293] Any steps presented herein can be performed in any order. The methods disclosed herein are not limited to a specific order of these steps. It is also not required that the different steps are performed at a certain place or in a certain computing node of a distributed system, i.e. each of the steps may be performed at different computing nodes using different equipment / data processing.

[0294] As used herein ..determining" also includes ..initiating or causing to determine", “generating" also includes ..initiating and / or causing to generate" and “providing” also includes “initiating or causing to determine, generate, select, send and / or receive”. “Initiating or causing to perform an action” includes any processing signal that triggers a computing node or device to perform the respective action. In the claims as well as in the description the word “comprising” or “including” or similar wording does not exclude other elements or steps and shall not be construed limiting to the elements or steps lined out. The indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several entities or items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in the mutual different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used in an advantageous implementation or further elements may be included.

[0295] Providing in the scope of this disclosure may include any interface configured to provide data. This may include an application programming interface, a human-machine interface such as a display and / or a software module interface. Providing may include communication of data or submission of data to the interface, in particular display to a user or use of the data by the receiving entity.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A method for generating a chemical material data set associated with a chemical material, wherein the chemical material is used as input material to produce one or more chemical product(s), the method comprising: providing data associated with the chemical material including at least one chemical material identifier; gathering - based on the provided data associated with the chemical material - chemical material data from one or more databases; generating the chemical material data set by transforming the gathered chemical material data using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical product(s); providing the generated chemical material data set for access by a decentral data consuming node under control of or controlled by a decentral data providing node associated with data owner of the generated chemical material data set.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gathered chemical material data includes chemical material identifier data, property data associated with the chemical material, chemical material name data, chemical material producer data, chemical material declaration data, chemical material safety data, emission data associated with the chemical material, recyclate content data associated with the chemical material, biobased content data associated with the chemical material, biodegradability data associated with the chemical material, production data associated with the chemical material, certificate of analysis data associated with the chemical material, certificate data associated with the chemical material, life cycle data associated with the chemical material, storage instruction data associated with the chemical material, assembly instructions associated with the chemical material, operating conditions associated with the chemical material or a combination thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the rule-based engine operates on individual data points present within at least part of the gathered chemical material data, multiple data points present within at least part of the gathered chemical material data or the whole gathered chemical material data.

4. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more rule(s) are generated from a rule template including unstructured data associated with instructions related to transformation operation(s).

5. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more rule(s) are associated with or are derived from a semantic model associated with at least one of the chemical products, in particular wherein the one or more rule(s) are defined by one or more mandatory chemical material data point(s) present within the semantic model.

6. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more rule(s) define aggregation rule(s) for aggregating chemical material data gathered from multiple data sources into a given data structure, define filters to filter gathered chemical material data, define attribute construction(s) to create or add new attributes to the gathered chemical material data and / or include a trigger condition and a corresponding group of one more actions.

7. A method for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material(s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the method comprising: providing chemical product data including chemical product identifier(s) and chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material(s); obtaining the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on the provided chemical material identifier(s); validating at least a part of the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products; linking the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers; determining storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data; providing validated chemical material data linked to at least one of the chemical product identifiers to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the decentral data providing node(s) are determined from mapping data mapping decentral data providing node data to associated chemical material identifier(s) by matching chemical material identifier(s) included in the chemical product data to chemical material identifier(s) included in the mapping data.

9. The method of claim 7 and 8, wherein the obtained chemical material data is provided to one or more input node(s) configured to gather the obtained chemical material al data and to provide the gathered chemical material data as chemical material data set(s) to one or more downstream node(s), wherein the one or more downstream node(s) are configured to validate at least a part of the data included in the chemical material data set(s) provided by the one or more input node(s), link the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers associated with at least one of the chemical products, determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data and to provide the validated chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s),10. The method of any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the rule-based engine operates on individual data points present within at least part of the chemical material data, multiple data points present within at least part of the chemical material data or the whole chemical material data.

11. The method of any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the one or more rule(s) are generated from a rule template including unstructured data associated with instructions related to validation operation(s).

12. The method of any one of claims 7 to 11 , wherein the one or more rule(s) define data point(s) and / or combination(s) of data point(s) to be present within the chemical material data.

13. The method of any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the storage location is determined based on mapping data including a mapping between chemical material identifier(s) and associated storage location data or a mapping between chemical material identifier(s) and associated chemical material type identifier(s) and storage location data.

14. An apparatus for validating chemical material data associated with chemical material(s), wherein the chemical material (s) are used as input material(s) to produce one or more chemical product(s) by a chemical production, the apparatus comprising: a product data providing interface configured to provide chemical product data including chemical product identifier(s) and chemical material identifier(s) associated with the chemical material (s); a decentral network interface configured to obtain the chemical material data from decentral data providing node(s) associated with the chemical material data, wherein the chemical material data is gathered by a decentral data consuming node based on the provided chemical material identifier(s); a data validator configured to validate at least a part of the gathered chemical material data by using a rule-based engine including one or more rule(s) associated with at least one of the chemical products; a linking unit configured to link the validated chemical material data to at least one of the chemical product identifiers; a storage determinator configured to determine storage location(s) for the validated chemical material data based on chemical material identifier(s) associated with the validated chemical material data; a validated data providing interface configured to provide the chemical material data linked to the chemical product identifier(s) to the determined storage location(s) for generating chemical product passport(s) associated with the chemical product(s) including at least a part of the validated chemical material data.

15. Use of the validated chemical material data associated with chemical material(s) as generated by the methods claimed in any one of claims 7 to 13 or by the apparatus of claim 14 for generating chemical product passports associated with chemical products produced at least in part from the chemical material(s).

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