GNSS antenna

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a GNSS antenna. The GNSS antenna comprises a patch, a first capacitive element, a second capacitive element, a third capacitive element, a fourth capacitive element, a fifth capacitive element, a sixth capacitive element, a seventh capacitive element, an eighth capacitive element, a connecting conductor and a ground plane, wherein the ground plane is arranged under the patch, and the patch, the capacitive elements, the connecting conductor and the ground plane are electrically connected to form a first ring resonator, a second ring resonator, a third ring resonator and a fourth ring resonator, respectively, the first ring resonator, the second ring resonator, the third ring resonator, and the fourth ring resonator being sequentially arranged in a crosswise manner. By means of implementing the present invention, four ring resonators are established to generate a pair of circularly polarized signals, and the principle of superposition of electric fields is utilized to realize the superposition of the circularly polarized signals, thereby greatly improving the antenna gain and radiation efficiency, and realizing the miniaturization and high-radiation performance of the antenna.

Description

A GNSS antenna Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a GNSS antenna. Background Art

[0002] Patch antennas are widely deployed in many devices due to their small size and light weight, such as Global Positioning System receivers, in-vehicle communications, and satellite communications. The basic components of a traditional patch antenna are a flat patch and a ground plane separated by a dielectric medium. This type of patch antenna, also known as a microstrip antenna, can be manufactured using photolithography processes, such as those used to manufacture printed circuit boards (PCBs). These manufacturing processes enable economical, high-volume production. In a common microstrip antenna design, the ground plane and radiating patch are made of a metal film deposited or electroplated on a dielectric substrate. The length of the microstrip patch is approximately half the wavelength (0.5λ) of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the dielectric substrate. By using a dielectric with a high dielectric constant, the length of the microstrip patch can be effectively reduced, achieving antenna miniaturization. For example, a ceramic patch antenna, as shown in Figures 1a and 1b, can be used.

[0003] However, existing miniaturization technologies have drawbacks such as limited frequency modulation capabilities, heavy weight, low gain, and narrow bandwidth. In the RF and microwave bands, dielectric substrates with high dielectric constants also have high density, which increases the weight of the antenna. Lightweight antennas can effectively reduce the weight of equipment and improve its endurance, which is of great strategic significance in areas such as drones. In addition, for GNSS antennas, high gain and circularly polarized signals are two important parameters that can effectively reduce multipath fading and environmental interference, and improve communication quality and positioning accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a miniaturized, lightweight, ceramic-free, high-gain, and high-performance patch antenna to meet the growing demand for communication and high-precision positioning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Existing patch antennas have limited frequency tuning capabilities, are heavy, and have low gain.

[0005] In view of the above problems, a GNSS antenna is proposed to solve the above problems.

[0006] A GNSS antenna, comprising:

[0007] Patches;

[0008] a first capacitive element, a second capacitive element, a third capacitive element, a fourth capacitive element, a fifth capacitive element, a sixth capacitive element, a seventh capacitive element, and an eighth capacitive element;

[0009] connecting conductors;

[0010] A ground plate, arranged below the patch;

[0011] The connecting conductor is used to extend the connection capacitive element to achieve electrical connection between the patch and the ground plate;

[0012] The patch, the first capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a first annular resonator; the patch, the second capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a second annular resonator; the patch, the third capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a third annular resonator; the patch, the fourth capacitive element, the eighth capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a fourth annular resonator;

[0013] The first annular resonator, the second annular resonator, the third annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator are arranged in sequence and cross-wise.

[0014] In conjunction with the GNSS antenna of the present invention, in a first possible implementation manner, the high-performance GNSS antenna further includes:

[0015] feeder;

[0016] Two ends of the feed line are electrically connected to the patch and the ground plate respectively.

[0017] The first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the third capacitive element, the fourth capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element and the eighth capacitive element are electrically connected to the first position, the second position, the third position, the fourth position, the fifth position, the sixth position, the seventh position and the eighth position on the side of the patch respectively.

[0018] In combination with the first possible implementation manner of the present invention, in a second possible implementation manner, the patch is a rectangular patch, and the first position, third position, fifth position, and seventh position are respectively the first corner, second corner, third corner, and fourth corner of the rectangular patch; the second position, fourth position, sixth position, and eighth position are respectively the first midpoint, second midpoint, third midpoint, and fourth midpoint between the first corner and the second corner, between the second corner and the third corner, between the third corner and the fourth corner, and between the fourth corner and the first corner.

[0019] In combination with the first possible embodiment of the present invention, in a third possible embodiment, the patch is an elliptical, circular or annular patch, and the first position, second position, third position, fourth position, fifth position, sixth position, seventh position and eighth position are respectively the first equal division point, second equal division point, third equal division point, fourth equal division point, fifth equal division point, sixth equal division point, seventh equal division point and eighth equal division point on the circumference of the patch.

[0020] In combination with the second or third possible implementation manner of the present invention, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the connecting conductor includes:

[0021] a first metal connecting line, a second metal connecting line, a third metal connecting line, a fourth metal connecting line, a fifth metal connecting line, a sixth metal connecting line, a seventh metal connecting line, and an eighth metal connecting line;

[0022] The first metal connecting line, the second metal connecting line, the third metal connecting line, the fourth metal connecting line, the fifth metal connecting line, the sixth metal connecting line, the seventh metal connecting line, and the eighth metal connecting line are respectively connected to:

[0023] between the first capacitive element and the ground plane, between the second capacitive element and the ground plane, between the third capacitive element and the ground plane, between the fourth capacitive element and the ground plane, between the fifth capacitive element and the ground plane, between the sixth capacitive element and the ground plane, between the seventh capacitive element and the ground plane, and between the eighth capacitive element and the ground plane.

[0024] In combination with the second or third possible implementation manner of the present invention, in a fifth possible implementation manner, the connecting conductor is a metal block;

[0025] The shape of the metal block is adapted to the shape design of the patch;

[0026] The bottom surface of the metal block is electrically connected to the ground plate, and the corresponding positions on the top of the metal block are electrically connected to the first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the third capacitive element, the fourth capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element, and the eighth capacitive element, respectively.

[0027] In combination with the fourth possible implementation manner of the present invention, in a sixth possible implementation manner, the patch is arranged parallel to the ground plane, and the first metal connecting line, the second metal connecting line, the third metal connecting line, the fourth metal connecting line, the fifth metal connecting line, the sixth metal connecting line, the seventh metal connecting line, and the eighth metal connecting line are respectively arranged vertically between the patch and the ground plane.

[0028] In combination with the fifth possible implementation manner of the present invention, in a seventh possible implementation manner, the patch, the metal block, and the ground plate are arranged in parallel from top to bottom, and the bottom surface of the metal block is in contact with the ground plate.

[0029] In combination with the GNSS antenna described in the present invention, in an eighth possible implementation, the first capacitive element and the fifth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, the second capacitive element and the sixth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, the third capacitive element and the seventh capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, and the fourth capacitive element and the eighth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged. The first annular resonator and the third annular resonator constituted are orthogonal to each other, and the second annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator constituted are orthogonal to each other.

[0030] In conjunction with the GNSS antenna of the present invention, in a ninth possible implementation manner, the GNSS antenna further includes:

[0031] a first dielectric substrate;

[0032] a second dielectric substrate;

[0033] The second dielectric substrate is arranged parallel to and above the first dielectric substrate;

[0034] The first dielectric substrate is used for printing the ground plane, and the second dielectric substrate is used for printing the patch;

[0035] The first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the third capacitive element, the fourth capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element, and the eighth capacitive element are respectively soldered on corresponding positions of the second dielectric substrate through surface mount technology (SMT).

[0036] The implementation of the GNSS antenna of the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. Miniaturization and adjustability of the antenna are achieved; the introduction of the capacitor element enables the miniaturized patch antenna to be tuned to any operating frequency band within a wide frequency range without changing the size and structure of the antenna, significantly saving manufacturing costs and shortening the R&D cycle;

[0037] 2. By establishing four annular resonators, a pair of circularly polarized signals are generated, and the superposition principle of electric fields is used to achieve the superposition of circularly polarized signals, thereby greatly improving the antenna gain and radiation efficiency, and achieving the unity of antenna miniaturization and high radiation performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0039] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a traditional ceramic patch antenna;

[0040] FIG1b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional ceramic patch antenna;

[0041] FIG2 a is a first three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0042] FIG2 b is a side view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention in the yz plane;

[0043] FIG2c is a schematic diagram showing the positions of rectangular patches in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0044] 3a and 3b are schematic diagrams showing the principle of a high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0045] FIG4 a is a second three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] FIG4 b is a front and side view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] FIG4 c is a right side view of the high performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] FIG4 d is a rear side view of the high performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] FIG5 a is a schematic diagram of a third three-dimensional structure of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] FIG5 b is a top view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0051] FIG6 a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0052] Figures 6b and 6c are schematic diagrams showing the principle of a high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0053] FIG7 a is a schematic cross-sectional view in the yz plane of the high-performance GNSS antenna in process embodiment 1 of the present invention when installed on a single-layer circuit board;

[0054] FIG7 b is a schematic cross-sectional view in the yz plane of the high-performance GNSS antenna in process embodiment 2 of the present invention when installed on a single-layer circuit board;

[0055] FIG8 a shows the reflection coefficient of the high-performance GNSS antenna in a simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] FIG8 b is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the high-performance GNSS antenna in a simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] FIG8 c is a planar radiation pattern of a high-performance GNSS antenna in an embodiment of the present invention in simulation;

[0058] FIG8 d is a 3D radiation pattern of the high-performance GNSS antenna in simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0061] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0062] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0063] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0064] Existing ceramic patch antennas have limited frequency tuning capabilities, are heavy, and have low gain, as shown in Figures 1a and 1b.

[0065] In view of the above problems, a GNSS antenna is proposed to solve the above problems. Example

[0066] As shown in Figures 2a and 2b, Figure 2a is a first three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention, and Figure 2b is a side view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention in the yz plane; a GNSS antenna includes a patch (for radiating and receiving signals), a first capacitive element 20a, a second capacitive element 20b, a third capacitive element 20c, a fourth capacitive element 20d, a fifth capacitive element 20e, a sixth capacitive element 20f, a seventh capacitive element 20g, an eighth capacitive element 20h, a connecting conductor (for electrically connecting the patch and the ground plate), and a ground plate 100; the ground plate 100 is arranged below the patch for providing electrical connection and support; the first capacitive element 20a, the second capacitive element 20b, the third capacitive element 20c, the fourth capacitive element 20d, the fifth capacitive element 20e, the sixth capacitive element 20f, the seventh capacitive element 20g, the eighth capacitive element 20h, 0h is electrically connected between the first position, second position, third position, fourth position, fifth position, sixth position, seventh position and eighth position on the side of the patch and the connecting conductor, and is electrically connected to the ground plate 100 through the connecting conductor; the patch, the first capacitive element 20a, the fifth capacitive element 20e, the connecting conductor and the ground plate 100 are electrically connected to form a first ring resonator; the patch, the second capacitive element 20b, the sixth capacitive element 20f, the connecting conductor and the ground plate 100 are electrically connected to form a second ring resonator; the patch, the third capacitive element 20c, the seventh capacitive element 20g, the connecting conductor and the ground plate 100 are electrically connected to form a third ring resonator; the patch, the fourth capacitive element 20d, the eighth capacitive element 20h, the connecting conductor and the ground plate 100 are electrically connected to form a fourth ring resonator; the first ring resonator, the second ring resonator, the third ring resonator and the fourth ring resonator are arranged crosswise in sequence.

[0067] Furthermore, the high-performance GNSS antenna further includes a feeder line; two ends of the feeder line are electrically connected to the patch and the ground plate 100 respectively.

[0068] Feed line 202 is a probe feed or coaxial feed. The inner and outer conductors of the coaxial feed line connect patch 201 and ground plane 100, respectively, to feed the RF signal. Other common feeding methods, such as coupled feed, can also be used. The space between rectangular patch 201 and ground plane 100 does not require a high dielectric constant material; for example, air can be used.

[0069] In some implementations, two feed lines may be used for power feeding.

[0070] As shown in Figures 5a and 5b, Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of the third three-dimensional structure of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention, and Figure 5b is a top view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention; the feed line 202a and the feed line 202b are both probe feed lines or coaxial feed lines, and the inner conductor and outer conductor of the coaxial feed line are respectively connected to the patch 201 and the ground plate 100 for feeding the RF signal.

[0071] Feeder 202a is arranged along the x-axis, and feeder 202b is arranged along the y-axis, in an orthogonal configuration. Feeder 202a and feeder 202b each receive two signals of equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, generating a broadband circularly polarized signal. This improves signal stability and positioning accuracy. In some embodiments, four feeders may be used for power supply.

[0072] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2c, Figure 2c is a schematic diagram of the position of the rectangular patch in Example 1 of the present invention; the patch is preferably a rectangular patch 201, and the first position, the third position, the fifth position, and the seventh position are respectively the first corner, the second corner, the third corner, and the fourth corner of the rectangular patch 201; the second position, the fourth position, the sixth position, and the eighth position are respectively the first midpoint, the second midpoint, the third midpoint, and the fourth midpoint between the first corner and the second corner, between the second corner and the third corner, between the third corner and the fourth corner, and between the fourth corner and the first corner.

[0073] Furthermore, the connecting conductors include a first metal connecting wire 21a, a second metal connecting wire 21b, a third metal connecting wire 21c, a fourth metal connecting wire 21d, a fifth metal connecting wire 21e, a sixth metal connecting wire 21f, a seventh metal connecting wire 21g, and an eighth metal connecting wire 21h; a first metal connecting wire 21a, a second metal connecting wire 21b, a third metal connecting wire 21c, a fourth metal connecting wire 21d, a fifth metal connecting wire 21e, a sixth metal connecting wire 21f, a seventh metal connecting wire 21g, and an eighth metal connecting wire 21h; 21g and the eighth metal connection line 21h are respectively connected between: the first capacitive element 20a and the ground plane 100, between the second capacitive element 20b and the ground plane 100, between the third capacitive element 20c and the ground plane 100, between the fourth capacitive element 20d and the ground plane 100, between the fifth capacitive element 20e and the ground plane 100, between the sixth capacitive element 20f and the ground plane 100, between the seventh capacitive element 20g and the ground plane 100, and between the eighth capacitive element 20h and the ground plane 100.

[0074] When the connecting conductor is a metal connecting wire, the patch can be set parallel to the ground plate 100, and the first metal connecting wire 21a, the second metal connecting wire 21b, the third metal connecting wire 21c, the fourth metal connecting wire 21d, the fifth metal connecting wire 21e, the sixth metal connecting wire 21f, the seventh metal connecting wire 21g, and the eighth metal connecting wire 21h are respectively set vertically between the patch and the ground plate 100.

[0075] When metal connecting wires are used, the connection relationship between the patch, capacitive element, and metal connecting wires is as follows: one end of the capacitive element located at the corner / midpoint is connected to the rectangular patch 201, and the other end is connected to the metal connecting wire. The lower end of the metal connecting wire is connected to the ground plane 100, serving to connect the capacitive element and the ground plane 100. The metal connecting wires are all located between the rectangular patch 201 and the ground plane 100 and can be in the form of wires, metal sheets, etc. The metal connecting wires are used to extend the connection of the capacitive element and realize the electrical connection between the rectangular patch 201 and the ground plane 100. The capacitive element is a capacitive load between the rectangular patch 201 and the ground plane 100, which can effectively reduce the operating frequency of the patch antenna and realize the miniaturization of the antenna. Preferably, the metal connecting wires are arranged perpendicular to the patch 201 and the ground plane 100.

[0076] When using metal connecting wires, the capacitive element can be connected to:

[0077] Between the patch and the metal connection line, in the middle of the metal connection line, and between the metal connection line and the ground plane.

[0078] When metal block 400 is used, the connection relationship between the patch, capacitive element, and metal block 400 is as follows: the capacitive element located at the corner / midpoint is connected to the rectangular patch 201 at one end and to the metal block 400 at the other end. The metal block 400 is connected to the ground plane 100, thus connecting the capacitive element and the ground plane 100. Metal block 400 is located between the rectangular patch 201 and the ground plane 100. Metal block 400 is used to extend the connection of the capacitive element and establish an electrical connection between the rectangular patch 201 and the ground plane 100. The capacitive element acts as a capacitive load between the rectangular patch 201 and the ground plane 100, effectively reducing the operating frequency of the patch antenna and achieving antenna miniaturization. Preferably, metal block 400 is positioned perpendicular to the patch 201 and the ground plane 100. Furthermore, the connecting conductor is not limited to a metal wire or metal block; it can also be any other conductive structure. These conductive structures can include, but are not limited to, conductive films, conductive coatings, or other conductive materials or components to meet different design requirements and adapt to various manufacturing processes.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the first capacitive element and the fifth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, the second capacitive element and the sixth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, the third capacitive element and the seventh capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, and the fourth capacitive element and the eighth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged. The first annular resonator and the third annular resonator formed are orthogonal to each other, and the second annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator formed are orthogonal to each other.

[0080] As shown in Figures 3a and 3b, which are schematic diagrams of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention, the second capacitive element 20b, the second metal connection line 21b, the sixth capacitive element 20f, the sixth metal connection line 21f, the rectangular patch 201, and the ground plane 100 form a second ring resonator. This resonator generates a transverse current pattern and an electric field Ex along the x-axis (indicated by the dashed arrows in the figure). Furthermore, the operating frequency of this resonator can be controlled by the second capacitive element 20b and the sixth capacitive element 20f, and the operating frequency is f1. The fourth capacitive element 20d, the fourth metal connection line 21d, the eighth capacitive element 20h, the eighth metal connection line 21h, the rectangular patch 201, and the ground plane 100 form a fourth ring resonator. This resonator generates a longitudinal current pattern and an electric field Ey along the y-axis (indicated by the solid arrows in the figure). The operating frequency of this resonator can be controlled by the fourth capacitive element 20d and the eighth capacitive element 20h, and the operating frequency is f2.

[0081] The two resonators described above can generate electric field components (Ex and Ey) with orthogonal characteristics. By controlling the frequency difference between the two resonators (the frequency difference between f1 and f2), a 90-degree phase difference can be generated at the center frequency (f0). That is, the second annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator have orthogonal characteristics (i.e., the angle between the second annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator is approximately 80-100 degrees, specifically 80 degrees, 85 degrees, 90 degrees, 95 degrees, 100 degrees, and so on). Therefore, the GNSS antenna of the present invention can effectively control the magnitude and phase of the orthogonal electric fields to generate circularly polarized signals. For example, for the L1 frequency band, f0 is 1.575 GHz, and f1 and f2 are typically tuned to either side of f0.

[0082] As shown in Figure 3b, the first capacitive element 20a, the first metal connection line 21a, the fifth capacitive element 20e, the fifth metal connection line 21e, the rectangular patch 201, and the ground plane 100 form a first ring resonator (the direction of the current is indicated by the dashed arrow in the figure). The operating frequency of this resonator can be controlled by the first capacitive element 20a and the fifth capacitive element 20e, and the operating frequency is f1. The third capacitive element 20c, the third metal connection line 21c, the seventh capacitive element 20g, the seventh metal connection line 21g, the rectangular patch 201, and the ground plane 100 form a third ring resonator (the direction of the current is indicated by the solid arrow in the figure). The operating frequency of this resonator can be controlled by the third capacitive element 20c and the seventh capacitive element 20g, and the operating frequency is f2. Similarly, the above-mentioned two resonators also have orthogonal characteristics (that is, the angle between the first annular resonator and the third annular resonator is approximately 80-100 degrees, specifically 80 degrees, 85 degrees, 90 degrees, 95 degrees, 100 degrees, etc.), and circularly polarized signals can be generated by controlling the magnitude and phase of the orthogonal electric field.

[0083] The GNSS antenna in this embodiment uses capacitive elements to establish four annular resonators. It should be noted that the angle between the first annular resonator and the third annular resonator is approximately 80-100 degrees, and the angle between the second annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator is approximately 80-100 degrees. In addition, the angles between the first annular resonator, the second annular resonator, the third annular resonator, and the fourth annular resonator are all required to be approximately 40-50 degrees, and can specifically be 40 degrees, 42 degrees, 45 degrees, 48 ​​degrees, 50 degrees, etc. According to the principle of electric field superposition, vector electric fields with orthogonal characteristics have a signal enhancement effect, and avoid phase cancellation between signals, achieve signal zero point filling, and compensate for signal unevenness. Therefore, the above setting method can achieve the enhancement of circularly polarized signals, thereby significantly improving the antenna gain and radiation efficiency. It should be noted that the gain can be increased by about 3dB compared to traditional methods. Therefore, the GNSS antenna in the present invention has the dual characteristics of miniaturization and high gain.

[0084] Capacitive elements have a capacitance component and can be lumped elements, such as chip capacitors, variable capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, ceramic capacitors, and film capacitors. They can also be distributed elements, such as parallel conductors (two or more conductors arranged in parallel generate an electric field between them, forming capacitance. The capacitance value is adjusted by adjusting the spacing and length of the conductors), transmission line structures (such as microstrip lines or coaxial cables), capacitive plates (two parallel metal plates separated by a dielectric layer or air gap to form a capacitor), and planar capacitive structures (metal patterns printed on PCBs, such as finger-shaped or staggered structures, whose geometry is adjusted to optimize capacitance characteristics). These forms can be flexibly combined to optimize antenna performance based on design requirements. Furthermore, capacitive elements can consist of a single capacitor or multiple interconnected elements. To achieve a specific capacitance, a combination of multiple elements can be used in place of a capacitor. For example, a capacitive element can be replaced by a combination of a capacitor and an inductor. Inductive elements, on the other hand, have an inductive component and can be lumped elements, such as chip inductors and chip resistors, or distributed elements, such as wires and coils. Likewise, the inductor element may be formed by a single inductor element or by connecting a plurality of inductor elements to each other.

[0085] As can be seen, when the capacitive element of the GNSSS antenna of the present invention is a lumped element, the antenna frequency can be effectively controlled by adjusting the capacitance value of the lumped element, thus providing adjustability. When the capacitive element of the GNSSS antenna of the present invention is a distributed element, no additional components are required, which not only saves costs but also reduces component losses, further improving antenna performance. Therefore, the GNSS antenna of the present invention is more flexible.

[0086] As shown in Figures 4a to 4d, Figure 4a is a second three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention, Figure 4b is a front side view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention, Figure 4c is a right side view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention, Figure 4d is a rear side view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention, and Figure 4d is a left side view of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0087] In some embodiments, the connecting conductor may also be a metal block 400; the shape of the metal block 400 is adapted to the shape design of the patch; the bottom side of the metal block 400 is electrically connected to the ground plate 100, and the corresponding positions on the upper side of the metal block 400 are respectively electrically connected to the first capacitive element 20a, the second capacitive element 20b, the third capacitive element 20c, the fourth capacitive element 20d, the fifth capacitive element 20e, the sixth capacitive element 20f, the seventh capacitive element 20g, and the eighth capacitive element 20h.

[0088] When the connecting conductor is a metal block, the patch, metal block 400 and ground plate 100 are arranged in parallel from top to bottom, and the metal block 400 is in contact with the ground plate 100 or the metal block 400 is in contact with the patch.

[0089] When using a metal block, the capacitive element can be connected to:

[0090] Between the patch and the metal block and between the metal block and the ground plane.

[0091] It's worth noting that the bottom surface of metal block 400 can be bonded to ground plane 100 in a continuous, full-surface contact to maximize conductivity and minimize parasitic effects, or it can be a discontinuous, partial contact to optimize electric field distribution or simplify antenna manufacturing in certain applications. Furthermore, metal block 400 can be a continuous, integral structure to provide a stable and consistent conductive path for the antenna, or it can be composed of several discontinuous metal blocks to flexibly adjust the electric field distribution and meet specific electromagnetic performance requirements.

[0092] As shown in FIG4b and in conjunction with FIG4a, first capacitive element 20a is located at a first corner of rectangular patch 201, second capacitive element 20b is located in the middle of a first side of rectangular patch 201, and third capacitive element 20c is located at a second corner of rectangular patch 201. First capacitive element 20a, second capacitive element 20b, and third capacitive element 20c are all electrically connected to rectangular patch 201 and ground plane 100 via metal block 400.

[0093] As shown in FIG4c and in conjunction with FIG4a, third capacitive element 20c is located at the second corner of rectangular patch 201, fourth capacitive element 20d is located in the middle of the second side of rectangular patch 201, and fifth capacitive element 20e is located at the third corner of rectangular patch 201. Third capacitive element 20c, fourth capacitive element 20d, and fifth capacitive element 20e are all electrically connected to rectangular patch 201 and ground plane 100 via metal block 400.

[0094] As shown in Figure 4d and in conjunction with Figure 4a, fifth capacitive element 20e is located at the third corner of rectangular patch 201, sixth capacitive element 20f is located in the middle of the third side of rectangular patch 201, and seventh capacitive element 20g is located at the fourth corner of rectangular patch 201. Fifth capacitive element 20e, sixth capacitive element 20f, and seventh capacitive element 20g are all electrically connected to rectangular patch 201 and ground plane 100 via metal block 400.

[0095] 4a , seventh capacitive element 20g is located at the fourth corner of rectangular patch 201, eighth capacitive element 20h is located in the middle of the fourth side of rectangular patch 201, and first capacitive element 20a is located at the first corner of rectangular patch 201. Seventh capacitive element 20g, eighth capacitive element 20h, and first capacitive element 20a are all electrically connected to rectangular patch 201 and ground plane 100 via metal block 400. Example

[0096] Different from Example 1, in this embodiment, the patch is a circular patch 601, and the first position, second position, third position, fourth position, fifth position, sixth position, seventh position, and eighth position are respectively the first equal division point, second equal division point, third equal division point, fourth equal division point, fifth equal division point, sixth equal division point, seventh equal division point, and eighth equal division point on the circumference of the circular patch 601.

[0097] As shown in Figures 6a-6c, Figure 6a is a schematic diagram of the high-performance GNSS antenna structure in Example 2 of the present invention, while Figures 6b and 6c are schematic diagrams of the principle of the high-performance GNSS antenna in Example 2 of the present invention. As a further improvement of the present invention, Figure 6a illustrates a miniaturized and high-performance GNSS antenna in which the circular patch can also generate two (a pair of) orthogonal currents and produce a circularly polarized signal. As shown in Figure 6c, and in conjunction with Figure 6a, the second capacitive element 20b is symmetrically arranged with the sixth capacitive element 20f; and the fourth capacitive element 20d is symmetrically arranged with the eighth capacitive element 20h. This arrangement ensures that the angle between the first and third annular resonators is approximately 80-100 degrees, and the angle between the second and fourth annular resonators is approximately 80-100 degrees. Furthermore, the angles between the first, second, third, and fourth annular resonators are all approximately 40-50 degrees. Then, a pair of circularly polarized signals can be generated, and the superposition principle of electric fields can be used to improve the antenna radiation impedance and radiation efficiency, ultimately achieving the excellent characteristics of the antenna in terms of miniaturization and high performance.

[0098] For the circular patch 601, a metal connecting wire can also be used to expand the capacitive element. The metal block 400 can also be used to expand the capacitive element. The connection method is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0099] When metal connecting wires are used, the connection relationship between the patch, the capacitive element, and the metal connecting wires is as follows: one end of the capacitive element located at the corner / midpoint position is connected to the circular patch 601, and the other end is connected to the metal connecting wire. The lower end of the metal connecting wire is connected to the ground plate 100, playing the role of connecting the capacitive element and the ground plate 100. The metal connecting wires are all located between the circular patch 601 and the ground plate 100, and can be in the form of wires, metal sheets, etc. The metal connecting wires are used to extend the connection of the capacitive element to achieve electrical connection between the circular patch 601 and the ground plate 100. The capacitive element is a capacitive load between the circular patch 601 and the ground plate 100, which can effectively reduce the operating frequency of the patch antenna and achieve miniaturization of the antenna. Preferably, the metal connecting wires are all arranged perpendicular to the patch 201 and the ground plate 100.

[0100] When the metal block 400 is used, the connection relationship between the patch, the capacitive element, and the metal block 400 is as follows: one end of the capacitive element located at the corner / midpoint position is connected to the circular patch 601, and the other end is connected to the metal block 400. The metal block 400 is connected to the ground plane 100, playing the role of connecting the capacitive element and the ground plane 100. The metal block 400 is located between the circular patch 601 and the ground plane 100. The metal block 400 is used to expand the connection of the capacitive element and realize the electrical connection between the circular patch 601 and the ground plane 100. The capacitive element is a capacitive load between the circular patch 601 and the ground plane 100, which can effectively reduce the operating frequency of the patch antenna and realize the miniaturization of the antenna. Preferably, the metal blocks 400 are arranged perpendicular to the patch 201 and the ground plane 100.

[0101] It is worth noting that the patch of the present invention can have a variety of shapes, such as rectangular, square, elliptical, circular, and annular. Preferably, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth positions are located at the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth points on the perimeter of the patch, respectively. Preferably, eight capacitive elements are connected between the patch and the ground plane to construct four (two pairs) orthogonal signals, achieving high gain and circularly polarized radiation performance while miniaturizing the antenna.

[0102] The GNSS antenna of the present invention has the following three features:

[0103] The traditional patch antenna (with dimensions of approximately 0.5λ×0.5λ, where λ is the wavelength at the center frequency f0) can be reduced to within 0.2λ×0.2λ without relying on a dielectric substrate made of a polymer material, thereby greatly reducing the weight and size of the antenna. It can also reduce the impact of high dielectric constant materials on antenna radiation and achieve excellent radiation performance.

[0104] The introduction of capacitive elements allows the miniaturized patch antenna to be tuned to any operating frequency band within a large frequency range without changing the size and structure of the antenna, greatly saving manufacturing costs and shortening the R&D cycle.

[0105] By establishing four orthogonal signals (or two circularly polarized signals) and leveraging the principle of electric field superposition to improve the antenna's radiation impedance and efficiency, this approach achieves both miniaturization and high radiation performance. Its gain and efficiency characteristics far surpass those of existing technologies, as shown in Figures 8a-8d. Figure 8a shows the reflection coefficient of a high-performance GNSS antenna in a simulation, Figure 8b illustrates the axial ratio of a high-performance GNSS antenna in a simulation, Figure 8c shows the planar radiation pattern of a high-performance GNSS antenna in a simulation, and Figure 8d shows the 3D radiation pattern of a high-performance GNSS antenna in a simulation.

[0106] Process Example 1

[0107] Based on Examples 1 and 2, the GNSS antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate 701 and a second dielectric substrate 702; the second dielectric substrate 702 is arranged parallel to and above the first dielectric substrate 701; the first dielectric substrate 701 is used for printing the ground plane 100, and the second dielectric substrate 702 is used for printing the patch; the first capacitive element 20a, the second capacitive element 20b, the third capacitive element 20c, the fourth capacitive element 20d, the fifth capacitive element 20e, the sixth capacitive element 20f, the seventh capacitive element 20g, and the eighth capacitive element 20h are respectively soldered to corresponding positions on the second dielectric substrate 702 using surface mount technology (SMT).

[0108] Figure 7a is a schematic cross-sectional view in the yz plane of the high-performance GNSS antenna in process Example 1 of the present invention, mounted on a single-layer circuit board. As shown in Figure 7a and in conjunction with Figure 2b, a ground plane 100′ is printed on the upper side of a first dielectric substrate 701, forming a conventional single-layer circuit board. A rectangular patch 201′ is printed on the upper side of a second dielectric substrate 702 and positioned parallel to the single-layer circuit board. A first component 20a′ is located at the first corner of the rectangular patch 201′ and soldered to the second dielectric substrate 702 using surface mount technology (SMT). One end of the first component 20a′ is connected to the rectangular patch 201′, and the other end is connected to a first metal connection wire 21a′. The first metal connection wire 21a′ is positioned perpendicularly between the ground plane 100′ and the rectangular patch 201′, with one end connected to the first component 20a′ and the other end connected to the ground plane 100′. The first metal connection wire 21a′ can be a metal bracket soldered between the first dielectric substrate 701 and the second dielectric substrate 702. Through this connection method, the first element 20a′ electrically connects the ground plane 100′ and the rectangular patch 201′ at the first corner of the rectangular patch 201′, serving as a capacitive load between the ground plane 100′ and the rectangular patch 201′, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the rectangular patch 201′.

[0109] The third component 20c′ is a chip capacitor located at the second corner of the rectangular patch 201′ and soldered to the second dielectric substrate 702 using surface mount technology (SMT). One end of the third component 20c′ is connected to the rectangular patch 201′, and the other end is connected to a first metal connection wire 21c′. The third metal connection wire 21c′ is located vertically between the ground plane 100′ and the rectangular patch 201′, with one end connected to the third component 20c′ and the other end connected to the ground plane 100′. The third metal connection wire 21c′ can be a metal bracket soldered between the first dielectric substrate 701 and the second dielectric substrate 702. Through this connection method, the third component 20c′ electrically connects the ground plane 100′ and the rectangular patch 201′ at the second corner of the rectangular patch 201′, acting as a capacitive load between the ground plane 100′ and the rectangular patch 201′, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the rectangular patch 201′.

[0110] Figure 7a only illustrates the connection and installation of the capacitive element at the first and second corners, illustrating a schematic diagram of an installation of the GNSS antenna of the present invention in a practical application. A circuit board and metal bracket are used to maintain the overall antenna structure and support strength. This installation and connection method offers advantages such as simple processing and low cost. Furthermore, depending on process and design requirements, the lumped capacitive element can also be connected in the middle of a metal connecting wire or between a metal connecting wire and a ground plane. Depending on design requirements or manufacturing process limitations, other connection methods can also be used to provide other implementation examples of the present invention.

[0111] Process Example 2

[0112] It is worth noting that in another preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 7b, which is a schematic cross-sectional view in the yz plane of the high-performance GNSS antenna in process embodiment 2 of the present invention, when installed on a single-layer circuit board. In conjunction with Figure 2b, a ground plane 100′ is printed on the upper side of a first dielectric substrate 701, forming a conventional single-layer circuit board; a rectangular patch 201′ is arranged parallel to the upper surface of the single-layer circuit board. Metal connecting line 21a′-1 extends downward from the first corner of rectangular patch 201′, and metal connecting line 21a′-2 extends upward from ground plane 100′. A third dielectric substrate 703 is located between metal connecting lines 21a′-1 and 21a′-2, and these are arranged parallel to each other, forming a distributed capacitive element. Similarly, metal connecting line 21c′-1 extends downward from the second corner of rectangular patch 201′, and metal connecting line 21c′-2 extends upward from ground plane 100′. A fourth dielectric substrate 704 is located between metal connecting wires 21c′-1 and 21c′-2 and is positioned parallel to the middle of the metal connecting wires, forming a distributed capacitive element. This is equivalent to connecting the capacitive element in the middle of the metal connecting wires. This connection creates a distributed capacitive load between ground plane 100′ and rectangular patch 201′, reducing the resonant frequency of rectangular patch 201′. Depending on process and design requirements, distributed capacitive elements can also be constructed between the patch and the metal connecting wire, or between the metal connecting wire and the ground plane.

[0113] FIG8 shows performance parameters obtained by simulation of the miniaturized and circularly polarized patch antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0114] Figures 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams of the reflection coefficient and axial ratio, respectively, of a miniaturized, high-performance GNSS antenna in simulations, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna in this embodiment measures 30mm × 30mm × 4mm, with a 50mm × 50mm ground plane. These dimensions are similar to commercially available ceramic patch antennas for GPS. The antenna operates in a frequency band near 1.575 GHz and generates circularly polarized waves above the antenna, making it widely applicable to GPS positioning systems.

[0115] Figures 8c and 8d show the simulated planar and 3D radiation patterns of a miniaturized, high-performance GNSS antenna in an embodiment of the present invention. Curves 801 and 802 show the radiation patterns in the xz and yz planes, respectively. Combined with Figure 8c, it can be seen that the antenna in this embodiment of the present invention produces a stable, wide beam and boasts a mainlobe gain exceeding 7dB, demonstrating superior radiation performance compared to commercially available ceramic patch antennas.

[0116] The high-performance GNSS antenna of the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0117] 1. Miniaturization and adjustability of the antenna are achieved. The introduction of capacitive elements enables the miniaturized patch antenna to be tuned to any operating frequency band within a large frequency range without changing the size and structure of the antenna, greatly saving manufacturing costs and shortening the R&D cycle.

[0118] 2. By establishing four annular resonators, a pair of circularly polarized signals are generated, and the superposition principle of electric fields is used to achieve the superposition of circularly polarized signals, thereby greatly improving the antenna gain and radiation efficiency, and achieving the unity of antenna miniaturization and high radiation performance.

[0119] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A GNSS antenna, characterized in that: include: Patch; A first capacitive element, a second capacitive element, a third capacitive element, a fourth capacitive element, a fifth capacitive element, a sixth capacitive element, a seventh capacitive element, and an eighth capacitive element; Connecting conductors; A ground plate, arranged below the patch; The connecting conductor is used to extend the connection capacitive element to achieve electrical connection between the patch and the ground plate; The patch, the first capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a first annular resonator; the patch, the second capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a second annular resonator; the patch, the third capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a third annular resonator; the patch, the fourth capacitive element, the eighth capacitive element, the connecting conductor, and the grounding plate are electrically connected to form a fourth annular resonator; The first annular resonator, the second annular resonator, the third annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator are arranged crosswise in sequence.

2. The GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high performance GNSS antenna further comprises: Feeder; Two ends of the feed line are electrically connected to the patch and the ground plate respectively.

3. The GNSS antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The patch is a rectangular patch; the first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the third capacitive element, the fourth capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element, and the eighth capacitive element are electrically connected to the first position, the second position, the third position, the fourth position, the fifth position, the sixth position, the seventh position, and the eighth position on the side of the patch, respectively; the first position, the third position, the fifth position, and the seventh position are respectively the first corner, the second corner, the third corner, and the fourth corner of the rectangular patch; the second position, the fourth position, the sixth position, and the eighth position are respectively the first midpoint, the second midpoint, the third midpoint, and the fourth midpoint between the first corner and the second corner, between the second corner and the third corner, between the third corner and the fourth corner, and between the fourth corner and the first corner.

4. The GNSS antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The patch is an elliptical, circular or annular patch; the first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the third capacitive element, the fourth capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element and the eighth capacitive element are respectively electrically connected to the first position, the second position, the third position, the fourth position, the fifth position, the sixth position, the seventh position and the eighth position on the side of the patch; the first position, the second position, the third position, the fourth position, the fifth position, the sixth position, the seventh position and the eighth position are respectively the first equal division point, the second equal division point, the third equal division point, the fourth equal division point, the fifth equal division point, the sixth equal division point, the seventh equal division point and the eighth equal division point on the circumference of the patch.

5. The GNSS antenna according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The connecting conductor is a metal connecting wire, which includes: a first metal connecting line, a second metal connecting line, a third metal connecting line, a fourth metal connecting line, a fifth metal connecting line, a sixth metal connecting line, a seventh metal connecting line, and an eighth metal connecting line; The first metal connecting line, the second metal connecting line, the third metal connecting line, the fourth metal connecting line, the fifth metal connecting line, the sixth metal connecting line, the seventh metal connecting line, and the eighth metal connecting line are electrically connected to the first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the third capacitive element, the fourth capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element, and the eighth capacitive element, respectively.

6. The GNSS antenna according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The connecting conductor is a metal block.

7. The GNSS antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The patch is arranged in parallel above the ground plate, and the first metal connecting line, the second metal connecting line, the third metal connecting line, the fourth metal connecting line, the fifth metal connecting line, the sixth metal connecting line, the seventh metal connecting line, and the eighth metal connecting line are respectively arranged vertically between the patch and the ground plate.

8. The GNSS antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The patch, the metal block and the grounding plate are arranged in parallel from top to bottom, and the metal block is located between the patch and the grounding plate.

9. The GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first capacitive element and the fifth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, the second capacitive element and the sixth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, the third capacitive element and the seventh capacitive element are symmetrically arranged, and the fourth capacitive element and the eighth capacitive element are symmetrically arranged. The first annular resonator and the third annular resonator are orthogonal to each other, and the second annular resonator and the fourth annular resonator are orthogonal to each other.

10. The GNSS antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the third capacitive element, the fourth capacitive element, the fifth capacitive element, the sixth capacitive element, the seventh capacitive element, and the eighth capacitive element are respectively: One or more of lumped capacitive elements, distributed capacitive elements, and combined capacitive elements.

Images