Composition in the form of a direct emulsion comprising at least one compound bearing acetoacetate functions, at least one fatty acid and at least chitosan

Abstract

Composition in the form of a direct emulsion comprising at least one compound bearing acetoacetate functions, at least one fatty acid and at least chitosan. The present invention relates to a composition in the form of an oil-in-water (O / W) direct emulsion comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as defined hereinbelow, at least one fatty acid, at least one chitosan, and optionally at least one pigment. The present invention also relates to a process for the cosmetic treatment, preferably dyeing, of keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at least the application to said fibres of at least one composition as defined above.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE: Composition in the form of a direct emulsion comprising at least one compound bearing acetoacetate functions, at least one fatty acid and at least chitosan.

[0003] The present invention relates to a composition in the form of an oil-in-water (O / W) direct emulsion comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as defined hereinbelow, at least one fatty acid, at least one chitosan, and optionally at least one pigment.

[0004] The present invention also relates to a process for the cosmetic treatment, preferably dyeing, of keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at least the application to said fibres of at least one composition as defined above.

[0005] In the field of dyeing hair keratin fibres, it is already known practice to dye hair keratin fibres via various techniques using direct dyes or pigments for nonpermanent colouring, or dye precursors for permanent colouring.

[0006] There are essentially three types of process for dyeing the hair: a) “permanent” dyeing, the function of which is to afford a substantial modification to the natural colour and which uses oxidation dyes which penetrate into the hair fibre and form the dye via an oxidative condensation process; b) non-permanent, semi-permanent or direct dyeing, which does not use the oxidative condensation process and withstands four or five shampoo washes; it consists in dyeing keratin fibres with dye compositions containing direct dyes; c) temporary dyeing, which gives rise to a modification of the natural colour of the head of hair that remains from one shampoo wash to the next, and which serves to enhance or correct a shade that has already been obtained. It may also be likened to a “makeup” process.

[0007] Another dyeing method consists in using pigments. Specifically, the use of pigments on the surface of keratin fibres generally makes it possible to obtain colourings that are visible on dark hair, since the surface pigment masks the natural colour of the fibre. However, the colourings obtained by this embodiment still have the drawback of having poor resistance to water and shampoo washing, and also to external agents such as brushing and / or rubbing. Thus, there is a real need to offer compositions intended for the cosmetic treatment, preferably the dyeing, of keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, which do not have the abovementioned drawbacks, i.e. compositions which are stable and capable of affording a coating that is non-tacky, which transfers little, if at all, and which is resistant to external attacking factors, in particular water and / or shampoo washing, notably ensuring good colour persistence over time.

[0008] In addition, in this context, it is important to develop novel compositions with a better carbon footprint, notably by promoting the use of starting materials that are renewable and / or that have a good naturalness index and / or that are of natural origin and more particularly of plant origin, while reducing the use of compounds of petrochemical origin.

[0009] One subject of the present invention is thus notably a composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion comprising:

[0010] - i) one or more compounds of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof such as hydrates:

[0011] (I) in which formula (I):

[0012] - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or nonconjugated, acyclic or cyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic multivalent C2 to C40, in particular C3 to C36, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z possibly being interrupted with one or more groups or heteroatoms chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)-, (hetero)cycles, and combinations thereof;

[0013] - AK1 represents a divalent saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C1-C12, preferably Ci-Ce, more preferentially saturated Ci-Ce, hydrocarbon-based chain;

[0014] - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1-C40 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- and / or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-;

[0015] - AK3 represents a divalent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12, preferably Ci-Ce, more preferentially saturated Ci-Ce, even more preferentially C1-C4, hydrocarbon-based chain; - R represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-Ce, preferably C1-C4, alkyl radical, in particular a methyl radical, or a radical -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4;

[0016] - X represents -O-, -S-, -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-;

[0017] - Y represents -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-;

[0018] - R4represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-Ce monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical, preferably a (Ci-C4)alkyl group, in particular methyl or tertbutyl, more preferentially methyl;

[0019] - Raand Rb, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a (Ci- C4)alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom;

[0020] - p denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1;

[0021] - m denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when m is greater than 1, then the radicals -Y-AK2 are identical or different;

[0022] - n denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when n is greater than 1, then the radicals -(O)t-(AKi)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u are identical or different;

[0023] - 1 denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1 ;

[0024] - q denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1 ;

[0025] - u denotes an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3;

[0026] - v denotes an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; it being understood that if q is equal to 0 then t is equal to 0, that (m + n) is greater than or equal to 1, and that the compounds of formula (I) contain at least two groups -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; ii) one or more fatty acids, iii) at least one chitosan, and iv) optionally one or more pigments, v) optionally one or more fatty substances other than the fatty acid(s) ii).

[0027] The composition according to the invention achieves the objectives as described previously, i.e. the composition is a stable oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion which leads to a non-sticky coating that is resistant to external attacking factors, for example, water, and / or shampoo washing, in order to treat keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair.

[0028] In other words, the application of the composition according to the invention allows deposits to be obtained on keratin fibres which show good resistance to external attacking factors, such as water and shampoo washing, and thus have very good staying power.

[0029] The deposits or coatings thus formed on keratin fibres are tack-free and transfer little, or not at all, thereby enabling post-application discomfort problems to be minimized.

[0030] The composition according to the invention also has the advantage of being an oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion that is stable at room temperature, notably at a temperature of 20°C.

[0031] For the purposes of the present invention, the term “stable” means that 1) the formulation process gives rise to a direct emulsion without any sign of phase separation (creaming or sedimentation) and / or aggregates, and 2) that the visual and microscopic appearance, viscosity and / or pH of the composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion change little or not at all over a storage period, notably at least one week at room temperature.

[0032] For the purposes of the present invention, “room temperature” means a temperature of 20°C.

[0033] In particular, the composition according to the invention has a creamy texture and a white to yellowish appearance which is stable over time (at least 1 week) at room temperature, notably at a temperature of 20°C.

[0034] Advantageously, when the composition according to the invention comprises at least one pigment, and is applied to keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, it results in colouring that is resistant to external attacking factors, preferably colouring that is persistent with respect to water and / or shampoo washing.

[0035] The composition according to the invention thus makes it possible to improve the colour persistence of dyed keratin fibres, notably of a colouring induced by at least one pigment, in particular with respect to the application of one or more shampoo washes, in particular several shampoo washes.

[0036] In addition, emulsification of the composition according to the invention notably leads to an improvement in the colour persistence, in particular on keratin fibres, preferably with respect to water and / or shampoo washing.

[0037] Moreover, the composition may also comprise glycerol, which leads to improved colour persistence on keratin materials, in particular keratin fibres, preferably human keratin fibres such as the hair.

[0038] The composition according to the invention may thus be applied to keratin fibres, notably for dyeing keratin fibres. The composition according to the invention also has an improved carbon footprint.

[0039] The invention thus relates to a process for the cosmetic treatment of keratin fibres, in particular of human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at least the application to said fibres of at least one composition, in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion, comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as defined previously, the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, at least one fatty acid and at least one chitosan.

[0040] Preferably, the treatment process is a process for dyeing keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres, such as the hair, comprising at least the application to said fibres of at least one composition, in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion, comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as defined previously, the optical or geometric isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, at least one fatty acid, at least one chitosan, and at least one pigment.

[0041] The invention also relates to the use of said composition for treating, preferably dyeing, keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair.

[0042] Other subjects, characteristics, aspects and advantages of the invention will emerge even more clearly on reading the description and the example that follows.

[0043] In the text hereinbelow, and unless otherwise indicated, the limits of a range of values are included within that range, notably in the expressions "between..." and “ ranging from ... to .

[0044] Moreover, the expression “at least one” used in the present description is equivalent to the expression “one or more" .

[0045] Similarly, the expression “at least" used in the present description is equivalent to the expression “ greater than or equal to” .

[0046] In addition, the term “colorant” used in the present description is equivalent to the term “colouring agent” .

[0047] In a manner known per se, a “Cn” or “Cn” compound or group denotes a compound or group containing “n” carbon atoms in its chemical structure.

[0048] For the purposes of the present invention, and unless otherwise indicated:

[0049] The term “ (hetero)aryF means aryl or heteroaryl groups.

[0050] The term “ (hetero) cycloalkyF means cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups.

[0051] The “aryl” or “heteroaryF radicals or the aryl or heteroaryl part of a radical may be substituted with at least one substituent borne by a carbon atom, chosen from:

[0052] - a Ci-Ce and preferably C1-C4 (poly)(hydroxy)alkyl radical; - a halogen atom such as chlorine, fluorine or bromine;

[0053] - a hydroxyl group;

[0054] - a C1-C2 alkoxy radical; a C2-C4 (poly)hydroxyalkoxy radical;

[0055] - an amino radical;

[0056] - an amino radical substituted by one or two identical or different Ci-Ce, preferably C1-C4, alkyl radicals;

[0057] - an acylamino radical (-N(R)-C(O)-R’) in which the radical R is a hydrogen atom;

[0058] - a C1-C4 alkyl radical and the radical R’ is a C1-C4 alkyl radical; a carbamoyl radical ((R)2N-C(O)-) in which the radicals R, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl radical;

[0059] - an alkylsulfonylamino radical (R’-S(O)2-N(R)-) in which the radical R represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl radical and the radical R’ represents a Ci- C4 alkyl radical, or a phenyl radical;

[0060] - an aminosulfonyl radical ((R)2N-S(O)2-) in which the radicals R, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl radical; a carboxylic radical in acid form or salified (preferably with an alkali metal or a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium) form;

[0061] - a cyano group (CN);

[0062] - a polyhalo(Ci-C4)alkyl group, preferentially trifluoromethyl (CF3).

[0063] The cyclic or heterocyclic part of a non-aromatic radical may be substituted with at least one substituent borne by a carbon atom, chosen from the following groups:

[0064] . hydroxyl,

[0065] . C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C4 (poly)hydroxyalkoxy;

[0066] . alkylcarbonylamino ((R-C(O)-NR’-), in which the radical R’ is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl radical and the radical R is a C1-C2 alkyl radical, amino substituted with one or two identical or different C1-C4 alkyl groups;

[0067] . alkylcarbonyloxy ((R-C(O)-O-), in which the radical R is a C1-C4 alkyl radical, amino substituted with one or two identical or different C1-C4 alkyl groups;

[0068] . alkoxycarbonyl ((R-O-C(O)-) in which the radical R is a C1-C4 alkyl radical, amino substituted with one or two identical or different C1-C4 alkyl groups;

[0069] - A cyclic or heterocyclic radical, or a non-aromatic part of an aryl or heteroaryl radical, may also be substituted with one or more oxo groups.

[0070] - A hydrocarbon-based chain is unsaturated when it includes one or more double bonds and / or one or more triple bonds. - An “aryF radical represents a monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and at least one ring of which is aromatic; preferentially, the aryl radical is a phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, anthracenyl or tetrahydronaphthyl.

[0071] - A "heteroaryl’' radical represents a monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic, 5- to 14-membered group, comprising from 1 to 6 heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and selenium atoms, and at least one ring of which is aromatic; preferentially, a heteroaryl radical is chosen from acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzobistriazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzopyridazinyl, benzoquinolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzotri azolyl, benzoxazolyl, pyridyl, tetrazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, isoquinolyl, naphthoimidazolyl, naphthooxazolyl, naphthopyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxazolopyridyl, phenazinyl, phenoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrilyl, pyrazoyltriazyl, pyridyl, pyridinoimidazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiazolopyridyl, thiazoylimidazolyl, thiopyrylyl, triazolyl and xanthylyl.

[0072] - A “cyclic” or “cycloalkyF radical is a monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic, non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon-based radical containing from 5 to 14 carbon atoms, which may include one or more unsaturations; the cycloalkyl is preferably a cyclohexyl group.

[0073] - A “heterocyclic” or “heterocycloalkyF radical is a monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic 3- to 9-membered non-aromatic cyclic radical, including from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and selenium atoms; preferably, the heterocycloalkyl is chosen from epoxide, piperazinyl, piperidyl, morpholinyl and dithiolane.

[0074] - An “alkyl” radical is a linear or branched, in particular Ci-Ce and preferably C1-C4 saturated hydrocarbon-based radical.

[0075] - An “alkoxy” radical is an alkyl-oxy radical for which the alkyl radical is a linear or branched Ci-Ce and preferentially C1-C4 hydrocarbon-based radical.

[0076] - A “ (poly) (hydroxy) alky F radical denotes a Ci-Ce and preferably C1-C4 alkyl radical optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals, preferably substituted with from 1 to 4 hydroxyl groups, more particularly between 1 and 3.

[0077] A. Composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion

[0078] As indicated above, the composition according to the invention is an oil-in- water (O / W) emulsion. The composition according to the invention thus comprises a fatty phase and an aqueous phase, in particular a dispersed fatty phase and a continuous aqueous phase.

[0079] The composition according to the invention notably comprises an aqueous phase comprising at least one chitosan and at least one fatty acid as defined hereinbelow.

[0080] Preferably, the weight ratio between the fatty phase and the aqueous phase ranges from 0.001 to 6, preferably from 0.01 to 1, more preferentially ranges from 0.05 to 0.3.

[0081] A. l. Aqueous phase

[0082] The aqueous phase is contained in the composition according to the invention preferably in an amount ranging from 40% to 99% by weight and preferably in an amount ranging from 80% to 99% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0083] The aqueous phase notably comprises water, at least one chitosan and at least one organic or mineral acid, preferably an organic acid.

[0084] According to a preferred embodiment, the aqueous phase comprises at least one organic acid with a pKa of less than 5, as defined hereinbelow.

[0085] The aqueous phase preferentially comprises water, at least one chitosan, and at least one organic or mineral acid, preferably an organic acid, with a pKa of less than 5, as defined hereinbelow.

[0086] Preferably, the aqueous phase has a pH of less than or equal to 6, preferably a pH ranging from 4 to 5.5.

[0087] Preferably, the aqueous phase is present in an amount ranging from 40% to 99% by weight, better still in an amount ranging from 80% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and comprises water, at least one chitosan, and at least one organic or mineral acid, preferably an organic acid, with a pKa of less than 5.

[0088] Preferably, the aqueous phase comprises water in a content ranging from 70% to 99% by weight, at least one chitosan, in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, and at least one acid, preferably at least one Ci-Ce carboxylic acid of formula (Q), as defined hereinbelow and having a pKa of less than 5 in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase.

[0089] According to one preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises: - preferably a content ranging from 40% to 99% by weight, more preferentially a content ranging from 80% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of said composition, of an aqueous phase comprising: - water in a content ranging from 70% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, - at least one chitosan, in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, and - at least one organic acid, preferably at least one C1-C6 carboxylic acid of formula (Q), as defined hereinbelow and having a pKa of less than 5, in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Chitosan The composition according to the invention contains iii) at least one chitosan. Preferably, the chitosan is chosen from poly(D-glucosamines). Preferably, the degree of acetylation of the chitosan is less than or equal to 30%, more preferentially less than or equal to 15% and even more preferentially ranges from 1% to 10%. The chitosan may be present in the aqueous phase in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, better still in a content ranging from 0.5% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. The chitosan may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.5% to 10% by weight, preferably in a content ranging from 2% to 6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Acid with a pKa of less than 5 As indicated above, the aqueous phase comprises one or more acids with a pKa of less than 5. The acid(s) with a pKa of less than 5 are preferably organic acids. The acid(s) with a pKa of less than 5 are preferably C1-6 carboxylic acids. Preferably, the acid(s) with a pKa of less than 5 have the following formula (Q): in which: A represents a monovalent group when n is 0, or a polyvalent group when n is greater than or equal to 1; A represents a saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or non- cyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon-based group, comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms, and / or substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups; preferably, A represents a monovalent C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl group, or a polyvalent saturated C1-C6 hydrocarbon-based or phenylene group, A being optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups; - n represents an integer ranging from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 5, and better still from 0 to 2. More particularly, the acid(s) of formula (Q) are chosen from α-hydroxy acids, in which A represents either a phenyl group or a C1-C6, in particular C1-C4, saturated hydrocarbon-based group, substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups; preferably with one OH group; and n ranges from 0 to 2. More particularly, the acid(s) with a pKa of less than 5 are chosen from those of formula (Q) in which: n=0 and A represents a C1-C6, in particular C2-C4, alkyl group or a C1-C6, in particular C2-C4, alkyl group substituted with an OH group; or n=0 and A represents a phenyl group, or a phenyl group substituted with an OH group; or n=1 or 2 and A represents a divalent or trivalent C1-C6, in particular C2-C4, alkyl group or a divalent or trivalent C1-C6, in particular C2-C4, alkyl group substituted with an OH group. Even more preferentially, the acid(s) with a pKa of less than 5 are chosen from salicylic acid, citric acid, glutaric acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof, better still from lactic acid or citric acid. According to one embodiment, the aqueous phase comprises only one acid with a pKa of less than 5. According to one embodiment, the aqueous phase comprises at least lactic acid. Better still, the acid with a pKa of less than 5 is lactic acid. The acid(s) with a pKa of less than 5 may be present in the aqueous phase in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, better still in a content ranging from 0.5% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. The acid(s) with a pKa of less than 5 may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.5% to 10% by weight, preferably in a content ranging from 2% to 6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. A2. Fatty phase The fatty phase is contained in the composition according to the invention in an amount preferably ranging from 0.5% to 50% by weight and preferably in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. For the purposes of the present invention, it is understood that the fatty phase corresponds to the oily phase of the oil-in-water emulsion. The terms “fatty phase” and “oily phase” may be used interchangeably in the description. The fatty phase notably comprises at least one compound of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, as defined hereinbelow, and at least one fatty acid ii) as defined hereinbelow. Preferably, the fatty phase is present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 50% by weight, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and comprises i) at least one compound of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, as defined hereinbelow, and ii) at least one fatty acid as defined hereinbelow. The fatty phase may also contain v) at least one fatty substance, preferably at least one oil as defined hereinbelow, which is different from the fatty acid(s) ii). According to one embodiment, the fatty phase comprises i) at least one compound of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, as defined hereinbelow, ii) at least one fatty acid as defined hereinbelow, and v) at least one fatty substance, preferably at least one oil different from the fatty acid(s) ii). According to a preferred embodiment, the fatty phase is present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 50% by weight, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and comprises i) at least one compound of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, as defined hereinbelow, ii) at least one fatty acid as defined hereinbelow and v) at least one fatty substance, preferably at least one oil different from the fatty acid(s) ii). A compound having formula (I): The composition according to the invention comprises i) at least one compound of formula (I). As indicated previously, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: (I) in which formula (I): - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or non- conjugated, acyclic or cyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic multivalent C2 to C40, in particular C3 to C36, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z possibly being interrupted with one or more groups or heteroatoms chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)-, (hetero)cycles, and combinations thereof; - AK1 represents a divalent saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, hydrocarbon-based chain; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1-C40 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- and / or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-; - AK3 represents a divalent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, even more preferentially C1-C4, hydrocarbon-based chain; - R represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6, preferably C1-C4, alkyl radical, in particular a methyl radical, or a radical -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; - X represents -O-, -S-, -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - Y represents -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - R4 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical, preferably a (C1-C4)alkyl group, in particular methyl or tert- butyl, more preferentially methyl; - Ra and Rb, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a (C1- C4)alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom; - p denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1; - m denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when m is greater than 1, then the radicals -Y-AK2 are identical or different; - n denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when n is greater than 1, then the radicals -(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u are identical or different; - t denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1; - q denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1; - u denotes an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; - v denotes an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; it being understood that if q is equal to 0 then t is equal to 0, that (m + n) is greater than or equal to 1, and that the compounds of formula (I) contain at least two groups -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. The compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, have in particular a molar mass ranging from 500 to 10000 g / mol, more preferentially a molar mass ranging from 1000 to 4000 g / mol. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that Z denotes a radical chosen from: a) divalent radicals, preferably C2-C30 radicals, optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)- and / or (hetero)cycle(s), in particular radicals -CH2-(CH2)f, in which f denotes an integer between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 5, or such as the radicals –(CH2)g- (heterocycle)-O-(CH2)h-(heterocycle)-(CH2)j-, in which h denotes 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and g and j, independently of each other, denote an integer between 1 and 3, preferably 1; b) trivalent radicals, preferably C3-C6, in particular CH2-CH-CH2-; and c) tetravalent radicals, preferably C3-C12, in particular -CH2-C-CH2-CH2- CH2- or -CH2-C-CH2- or the radicals –(CH2)a-CH-CH-(CH2)b-, in which a and b independently denote an integer equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; preferably, a is greater than b. According to a preferred embodiment, a (hetero)cycle denotes a heterocyclic divalent radical (i.e. a heterocycle), preferably a heterocycloalkyl radical, more particularly a divalent 3-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl radical such as a divalent epoxide radical, a divalent tetrahydrofuran radical or a divalent tetrahydropyran radical, said (hetero)cycle being optionally substituted with one or more radicals chosen from -OR with R as defined previously, and in particular -OH or -O-C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C12-C28 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3- (O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with -O- C(O)- or -C(O)-O-. According to a first embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - Z represents the trivalent radical -CH2-CH-CH2-; - p is equal to 0; - n is equal to 0; - m is equal to 3; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C12-C24 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)- R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and epoxides, and combinations thereof, in particular -O(CO)- or -C(O)-O-; - Y, AK3, v, R, X, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I); it being understood that the compounds contain at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C12-C24 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3- (O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S- and -C(O)-, and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-. According to this embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I) are in particular chosen from compounds (1), (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), (9) and (11) hereinbelow, and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates: [Chem 3] (2) [Chem 5]

[0090]

[0091] [Chem 7]

[0092]

[0093] [Chem 9]

[0094]

[0095] [Chem 10]

[0096] According to a second embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 0; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, acyclic, multivalent C4 to C24, particularly C6 to C20, more particularly C14 to C20, in particular C17, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being optionally substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n; - n denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when n is greater than 1, then the radicals -(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u are identical or different; preferably, n is non-zero; - m is equal to 1; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C3-C8, in particular C4 or C6, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3- (O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O-, -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably not being interrupted; - Y, AK1, AK3, t, q, u, v, R, X, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I); it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to this embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I) are in particular chosen from compounds (5) and (6) hereinbelow, and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates: [Chem 11] [Chem 12]

[0097] According to a third embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 0; - n + m is equal to 4, m being non-zero; - Z represents an unsubstituted and uninterrupted, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, C2 to C24, particularly C3 to C10, in particular C3, tetravalent hydrocarbon-based radical; - AK2 independently represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C12-C24, preferably C16-C20, in particular C18, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O- C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably not being interrupted; - AK3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, even more preferentially C2-C4, better still C3, divalent hydrocarbon-based chain; - v is as defined previously for formula (I); preferably v is equal to 2; - X is as defined previously for formula (I); preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, u, t, q, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I); it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, m is equal to 3, n is equal to 1 and u is equal to 1. According to a preferred embodiment, t is equal to 0. According to a preferred embodiment, q is equal to 0. According to a preferred embodiment, Y denotes -C(O)-O. According to a preferred embodiment, none of the radicals AK2 are interrupted. According to a preferred embodiment, the radicals AK2 are saturated. According to a preferred embodiment, the radicals AK2 are not substituted with -OR. According to a preferred embodiment, AK3 represents a divalent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, even more preferentially saturated C1-C4, better still saturated C3 hydrocarbon-based chain. According to this embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I) are in particular chosen from the compounds (10) hereinbelow, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: [Chem 13] According to a fourth embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 1; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated 25 and acyclic, multivalent C14 to C24, particularly C16 to C20, preferably C17, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being optionally substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n, preferably being unsubstituted; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, in particular C20-C29, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3- (O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably being interrupted with -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - X is as defined previously for formula (I); preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, n, m, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I); it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, n is equal to 0 and m is equal to 1. According to a preferred embodiment, Z is a divalent radical. According to a preferred embodiment, if Z is an unsaturated chain, AK2 is an unsaturated chain, and if Z is a saturated chain, AK2 is a saturated chain. According to this embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are in particular of formula (Iic): H-Z-Y-AK4-Y’-Z-H (Iic) in which formula (Iic): - Y is as defined previously for formula (I); - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14 to C24, in particular C16 to C20, preferably C17, divalent hydrocarbon-based radical; - Y’ represents -C(O)-O- or -O-C(O)- it being understood that if Y represents - O-C(O)-, Y’ represents -C(O)-O-, and if Y represents -C(O)-O-, Y’ represents -O- C(O)-; - AK4 denotes a saturated divalent hydrocarbon-based radical of 5 or 6 carbon atoms, substituted with at least two radicals -OR with R being as defined previously in formula (I); it being understood that the compounds of formula (Iic) contain at least two radicals -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, and preferably four radicals -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4. According to this embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I) are in particular chosen from the compounds (12) hereinbelow, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: [Chem 14] According to a fifth embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 0; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C10, preferably C4 or C5, tetravalent hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t- (AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n, n preferably being equal to 1; - n + m is equal to 4, and preferably m is equal to 3; - AK2 independently represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14 to C30, preferably C16 to C24, preferably C17, hydrocarbon- based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or - (hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably not being interrupted; - X is as defined previously for formula (I); preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, u, t, q, v, n, m R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I); it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, t is equal to 0 and u is equal to 1. According to a preferred embodiment, all the radicals AK2 are identical, and preferably all the radicals Y are identical. According to a preferred embodiment, Y denotes -O-C(O)-. According to a particular embodiment, the compounds according to this variant are of general formula (Iid), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof such as hydrates: [AK’2-OCO-CH2]3-C-CH2-O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4 (Iid) in which formula (Iid) AK’2 represents a linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C16-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -S-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; AK3, v, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I), it being understood that said compounds contain at least two radicals C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a sixth embodiment variant, the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 0; - m is non-zero; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or non-conjugated, preferably non-conjugated, acyclic or cyclic, aromatic or non- aromatic, preferably non-aromatic, divalent C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C12, hydrocarbon-based radical, said radical Z also being interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl(s), and combinations thereof; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C14-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably unsubstituted; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycles, and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O- (hetero)cycle-, preferably optionally interrupted with -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-, and more preferentially not being interrupted; - X is as defined previously for formula (I); preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I); it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, according to this variant, Z denotes a divalent radical -(CH2)g-(heterocycle)-O-(CH2)h-(heterocycle)-(CH2)j- in which h is equal to 0, 1 or 2, preferably is equal to 0 or 1, g and j independently denote an integer between 1 and 3, preferably 1, (heterocycle) denotes a divalent 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl radical, in particular a divalent tetrahydrofuran radical or a divalent tetrahydropyran radical, said heterocycle being optionally substituted with one or more radicals chosen from -OR, with R as defined previously for formula (I), and notably - OH or -O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a particular embodiment, the compounds according to this variant are of general formula (Iie), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof such as hydrates: AK’’2-C(O)-O-(CH2)g-(heterocycle)-O-(CH2)h-(heterocycle)-(CH2)j-O-CO- AK’’2 (Iie) in which formula (Iie): - h is equal to 0, 1 or 2 and preferably is equal to 0 or 1; - g and j independently denote an integer between 1 and 3, preferably 1; - (heterocycle) denotes a divalent 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl radical substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, with R as defined previously for formula (I), and notably -OH or -O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; - AK’’2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C14-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OH, -O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4 and -S-AK3-(O-C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably unsubstituted; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or - (hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, preferably optionally interrupted with -O-C(O)- or - C(O)-O-, and more preferentially not being interrupted; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to this embodiment variant, the compounds of formula (I) or (Iie) are in particular chosen from the compounds (14) hereinbelow, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: [Chem 15] with W being a hydrogen atom or -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, and said compound containing at least two groups -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the following compounds of formula (Ia), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: Z-(Y-AK2)3(Ia) in which formula (Ia): - Z represents -CH2-CH-CH2-; - AK2 independently denote a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C12-C24monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)- R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and epoxides, and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)- and -C(O)-O-; - Y, AK3, v, R, X, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously; preferably, Y denotes -O-C(O); it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the compounds of formula (Ib) below, and also the optical or geometric isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2 -Y) – Z – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Ib) in which formula (Ib): - n + m is equal to 4, m being non-zero; m and n being as defined previously; - Z represents an unsubstituted and uninterrupted, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C10 preferably C3, tetravalent hydrocarbon-based radical; - AK2 independently represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C12-C24, preferably C16-C20, preferably C18, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O- C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably not being interrupted; - AK3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, even more preferentially C2-C4, preferably C3, divalent hydrocarbon-based chain; - v is as defined previously; preferably, v is equal to 2; - X is as defined previously; preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, t, q, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the compounds of formula (Ic) below, and also the optical or geometric isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2 -Y) – ZH – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Ic) in which formula (Ic): - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, multivalent C14 to C24, particularly C16 to C20, such as C17, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being optionally substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n, preferably unsubstituted; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C20-C29, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X- AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably interrupted with -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - X is as defined previously, and X preferably denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, n, m, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the compounds of formula (Id) below, and also the optical or geometric isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2 -Y) – Z – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Id) in which formula (Id): - n + m is equal to 4, and preferably m is equal to 3; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated or acyclic, C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C10, in particular C4 or C5, tetravalent hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t- (AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n, n preferably being equal to 1; - AK2 independently represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C16-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O- , -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, - C(O)-O- or (hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle, and preferably not being interrupted; X is as defined previously and preferably X denotes a sulfur atom; Y, AK1, AK3, v, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously, it being understood that these compounds contain at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the compounds of formula (Ie) below, and also the optical or geometric isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2-Y) – Z – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Ie) in which formula (Ie): - n + m is equal to 2, m being non-zero, and m preferably being equal to 2; n is as defined previously; preferably, n is zero; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or non-conjugated, preferably non-conjugated, acyclic or cyclic, aromatic or non- aromatic, preferably non-aromatic, C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C12, divalent hydrocarbon-based radical, said radical Z also being interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)-, (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof; preferably, Z denotes a divalent radical -(CH2)g-(heterocycle)- O-(CH2)h-(heterocycle)-(CH2)j- in which h denotes 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, g and j independently denote an integer between 1 and 3, preferably 1; (heterocycle) denotes a divalent heterocyclic radical (i. e. a heterocycle), preferably a heterocycloalkyl radical, more particularly a divalent 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl radical, in particular a divalent tetrahydrofuran radical or a divalent tetrahydropyran radical, said heterocycle being optionally substituted with one or more radicals chosen from -OR with R as defined previously, and notably -OH or -O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C14-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably unsubstituted; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O- (hetero)cycle-, preferably optionally interrupted with -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-, and more preferentially not being interrupted; - X is as defined previously; preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from compounds (1) to (14) below, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof, and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: [Chem 16] [Chem 18]

[0098]

[0099] (4)

[0100] [Chem 20]

[0101]

[0102] [Chem 23]

[0103]

[0104] [Chem 24]

[0105]

[0106] [Chem 25] [Chem 27] (14) with W being a hydrogen atom or -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, and said compound containing at least two groups -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4. According to a preferred embodiment, the compound(s) of formula (I) are in particular chosen from compounds (1), (3), (4), (8), (9), (10) and (11) hereinbelow, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: [Chem 30] [Chem 32]

[0107]

[0108] [Chem 34]

[0109]

[0110] [Chem 35] Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the compounds of formula (I) as defined in the first variant described previously, namely the compounds of formula (I) such that: - Z represents the trivalent radical -CH2-CH- CH2-; - p is equal to 0; - n is equal to 0; - m is equal to 3; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C12-C24 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)- R4)v, and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and epoxides, and combinations thereof, in particular -O(CO)- or -C(O)-O-; preferably, AK2 represents a monovalent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C12-C24 hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X- AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S- and -C(O)-, and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-. - Y, AK3, v, R, X, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined previously for formula (I); it being understood that the compounds contain at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof such as hydrates. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from compounds (1), (3), (4), (7), (8), (9) and (11) as described previously, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, more preferentially chosen from compounds (4) and (11) as described previously, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates. The compound(s) of formula (I) are present in the fatty phase in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 99.99%, better still in a content ranging from 50% to 85% by weight, relative to the total weight of the fatty phase. The compound(s) of formula (I) as defined above may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.1% to 25% by weight, preferably in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight and even more preferentially from 1% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Preparation of the compounds of formula (I) The compound(s) of formula (I) may be prepared via the following sequence of reactions: First step In a first step, a commercial polyol, which is preferably natural, of formula (H)p-Z(OH)m’, is reacted with m equivalents of fatty derivatives R’CO-AK’2 with m’ greater than or equal to m, and m being as defined previously, under conditions known to those skilled in the art, to form an ester bond Y according to the scheme below: (H)p-Z(OH)m’ + m R’CO-AK’2 -> (H)p-Z(OH)m’-m (YAK’2)m in which scheme: - Y represents -O-C(O)-; - R’ denoting in particular -OH or -Cl; preferably, R’ denotes -OH; - AK’2 represents a linear or branched, unsaturated, C1-C40, preferably C14- C20, hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O- (hetero)cycle-, preferably interrupted with -O- or -S-, more preferentially not being interrupted. According to a preferred embodiment, m is equal to m’. The polyols (H)p-Z(OH)m’ may be cyclic or acyclic. By way of example of cyclic polyols (H)p-Z(OH)m’, mention may be made of maltose, lactose, raffinose, sucrose, trehalose, melibiulose, melibiose, mannobiose, kojibiose, nigerose, isomaltose, rutinose, rutinulose, xylobiose or sorbitan. As examples of acyclic polyols (H)p-Z(OH)m’, mention may be made of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, mannitol or trimethylolpropane. According to a preferred embodiment, the polyol (H)p-Z(OH)m’ is chosen from glycerol, mannitol, sucrose, ethylene glycol, sorbitan or trimethylolpropane, and more preferentially the polyol (H)p-Z(OH)m’ denotes glycerol. The compounds R’CO-AK’2 are preferably unsaturated fatty acids containing from 15 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 15 to 24 carbon atoms. They may be mono- or polyunsaturated. The monounsaturated fatty acids are in particular chosen from palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, 9-eicosenoic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acids are notably chosen from linoleic acid, α- linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, ruminic acid and hydroxyl monounsaturated fatty acids notably chosen from 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11-octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid, 13- hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid, ricinoleic acid, isoricinoleic acid, and polyunsaturated hydroxyl fatty acids notably chosen from densipolic acid, auricolic acid, dimorphecolic acid. More preferentially, the unsaturated fatty acid is chosen from ricinoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, erucic acid and mixtures thereof. Second step In a second step, all or some of the unsaturation(s) of the radical(s) AK’2 are converted a) via an epoxidation reaction into epoxide to yield the derivatives (III), such as the starting compound a1 illustrated in the scheme described below, or b) via a thiol- ene reaction with a (poly)hydroxylated thiol or a thiol bearing acid function(s) to yield the derivatives (IV), for instance compound b3 illustrated in the scheme described below. The thiol-ene reaction b) may be performed using (poly)hydroxylated thiols such as linear hydroxylated thiols of formula HS-(CH2)k-OH with k being an integer from 1 to 12, preferably from 1 to 6, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, 3-mercapto-1- propanol, 6-mercapto-1-hexanol, 4-mercapto-1-butanol, or such as branched hydroxylated thiols preferably including from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 3-mercapto- 3-methylbutanol, 3-mercapto-2-butanol, or such as polyhydroxylated thiols, preferably including from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol HS-CH(OH)- CH2OH. The compounds (IV) obtained are thus substituted with a radical -S-AK3- (OH)v with v being equal to 1 if the thiol is hydroxylated and v being greater than 1, such as 2, if the thiol is polyhydroxylated, AK3 and v being as defined previously for the compounds of formula (I). Third step In a third step, all or some of the epoxide groups of the compounds of formula (III) are opened with nucleophilic compounds, in particular i) alcohols preferably of C1-C4 such as methanol or ethanol, or even a polyol to give compounds (IIIi), such as compound b2 illustrated in the scheme hereinbelow, ii) carboxylic acids, preferably of C1-C6, such as lactic acid, pyruvic acid, benzoic acid, glycolic acid or 2,2- bishydroxymethylpropionic acid, more preferentially carboxylic acids substituted with at least one hydroxyl radical such as lactic acid, to yield the compounds (IIIii), such as compound b1 illustrated in the scheme hereinbelow. According to a preferred embodiment, the carboxylic acid ii) is chosen from lactic acid, glycolic acid or 2,2-bishydroxymethylpropionic acid (epoxy-acid reaction) and the reaction is performed in the presence of a catalyst such as imidazole, 1- methylimidazole, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine or caffeine. According to a preferred embodiment, the alcohol i) is chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, trimethylolethane and trimethylolpropane, more preferentially butylene glycol or trimethylolethane. Fourth step In a fourth step, all or some of the alcohol functions -OH of the compounds (IIIi) or (IIIii) and all or some of the alcohol functions which may possibly still be present originating from the polyols (H)p-Z(OH)m’ used in the first step are converted into radicals -O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, for example via a (trans)esterification reaction with an ester Gp-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, in which Gp preferably denotes a hydroxyl radical or a (C1-C4)alkoxy radical, such as methoxy, ethoxy, isobutoxy or t- butoxy. According to a preferred embodiment, Gp-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4 denotes an ester chosen from ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate and tert-butyl acetoacetate, preferably tert-butyl acetoacetate. The compounds of structures (Ia), (Ic), such as the compounds of structure (Iic), and the compounds of structures (Id) and (Ie) may be obtained according to this process. By way of example, step 4 may be performed according to the protocol described in Trevino, A.S., and Trumbo, D.L. (2002). Acetoacetylated castor oil in coatings applications. Progress in Organic Coatings, 44(1), 49-54: [Chem 52] In certain cases, the compounds (H)p-Z(OH)m’-m (YAK’2)m resulting from the first step are commercial; in particular, certain compounds for which m’ is equal to m, p is equal to 0, Z preferably denoting -CH2-CH-CH2-, are commercial. When p is equal to 0 and m’ is equal to m, the compounds are esters of optionally hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids, in particular triglycerides of castor oil, soybean oil, canola oil or linseed oil. The synthesis of compounds (Ia) to (Ie) then begins from the second step described above. For example, starting with an unsaturated triglyceride, a thiol-ene reaction is performed with a (poly)hydroxyl thiol such as SH-(CH2)xOH with x being an integer preferably from 1 to 4, and then a transesterification reaction (as described in Desroches, M., Caillol, S., Lapinte, V., Auvergne, R. and Boutevin, B. (2011). Synthesis of biobased polyols by thiol-ene coupling from vegetable oils. Macromolecules, 44(8), 2489–2500: [Chem 53] [Chem 54]

[0111] For example, starting with an unsaturated triglyceride, a total or partial epoxidation reaction is performed, followed by opening of the epoxide(s) formed, which generates alcohol functions and (trans)esterification. A commercial epoxidized triglyceride, such as the products sold by Arkema under the references Vikoflex 7170 or Vikoflex 7190, may also be used as starting material. By way of example, the reaction scheme below may be used, in which all the epoxides are opened with lactic acid and each hydroxyl is then esterified with t-Bu- OCOCH2CH3, according to the scheme below: [Chem 55]

[0112] [Chem 56] By way of example, the reaction scheme below may also be used, in which all the epoxides are opened with an alcohol, methanol in the example, and each hydroxyl is then esterified with t-Bu-OCOCH2CH3: [Chem 57] [Chem 58] The compounds of formulae (Ia) to (Ie) may also be prepared via the following sequence of reactions: - In a first step, a preferably natural commercial polyacid (H)p-Z(COOH)m’ is reacted with m equivalents of fatty alcohol HO-AK’2 with m’ greater than or equal to m, and m being as defined previously, under conditions known to those skilled in the art to form an ester bond Y according to the scheme below: (H)p-Z(COOH)m’ + m HO-AK’2 -> (H)p-Z(COOH)m’-m (YAK’2)m in which Y denotes -C(O)-O-, and AK’2 represents a monovalent linear or branched, unsaturated, C1-C40, preferably C14-C20, hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain optionally being interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)- , -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, preferably interrupted with -O- or -S-, and more preferentially not being interrupted. According to a preferred embodiment, m is equal to m’. The polyacids (H)p-Z(COOH)m’ may be cyclic or acyclic. The polyacids may preferably denote optionally hydroxylated dicarboxylic acids, optionally hydroxylated tricarboxylic acids, or optionally hydroxylated tetracarboxylic acids. The non-hydroxylated dicarboxylic acids are notably chosen from maleic acid, propanedioic acid, butanedioic acid, pentanedioic acid, hexanedioic acid, decanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,4- dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, suberic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, pimelic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid, and preferably propanedioic acid, butanedioic acid and pentanedioic acid. The hydroxylated dicarboxylic acids are notably chosen from tartaric acid, malic acid, aleuritic acid, 7,18-dihydroxytetracos-15-enoic acid and avenic acid B, and preferably malic acid and tartaric acid. The (hydroxy)tricarboxylic acids are notably chosen from 2-oxaloglutaric acid, oxalosuccinic acid, 3-carboxymethylmuconic acid, 2-methylcitric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, transaconitic acid, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-pentanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5- cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, 3-butene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 3-butene-1,1,3- tricarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5- benzenetricarboxylic acid and agaric acid, preferably citric acid and aconitic acid. The tetracarboxylic acids are notably chosen from 1,2,3,4- butanetetracarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, thiodisuccinic acid, N-[1,2-dicarboxyethyl]-L-aspartic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetrapropionic acid and N,N’-ethylenebis(L-aspartic acid). According to a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohols HO-AK’2 are chosen from fatty alcohols comprising from 15 to 36 carbon atoms, preferably from 15 to 24 carbon atoms. The fatty alcohols HO-AK’2 may be mono- or polyunsaturated (presence of one or more ethylenic double bonds). The fatty alcohols HO-AK’2 may contain several alcohol functions. The monounsaturated fatty alcohols are notably chosen from oleyl alcohol, docosenol, or unsaturated fatty alcohol ethers, such as polyoxyethylene monooleyl ether, preferably oleyl alcohol. The unsaturated monounsaturated fatty alcohols containing several alcohol functions are notably chosen from 9-octadecene-1,12-diol. The polyunsaturated fatty alcohols are notably chosen from linoleic alcohol, 2,4-dodecadien-1-ol and dolichols (with n being greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5). According to a preferred embodiment, the fatty alcohol HO-AK’2 is chosen from oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol or mixtures thereof. The following steps are identical to those described previously: - In a second step, all or some of the unsaturation(s) of the radical(s) AK’2 are converted a) via an epoxidation reaction into epoxide to yield derivatives (III'), such as compound a4 illustrated in the scheme below, or b) via a thiol-ene reaction with a (poly)hydroxylated thiol or a thiol bearing acid function(s) to yield derivatives (IV’), such as compound b5 illustrated in the scheme below. - In a third step, all or some of the epoxide groups of the compounds of formula (III’) are opened with nucleophilic compounds, such as i) preferably C1-C4 alcohols such as methanol or ethanol or even a polyol to yield compounds (III’i), such as compound b4 illustrated in the scheme below, ii) carboxylic acids preferably of C1- C6, such as lactic acid, pyruvic acid or benzoic acid, more preferentially carboxylic acids substituted with at least one hydroxyl radical, such as lactic acid, to yield compounds (III’ii), such as compound b6 illustrated in the scheme below. - In a fourth step, all or some of the alcohol functions -OH of the compounds (III’i) or (III’ii) and all or some of the alcohol functions which may still be present and which are derived from the polyols (H)p-Z(OH)m’ used in the first step are converted into radicals -O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, for example via a transesterification reaction with an ester Gp-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4 in which Gp preferably denotes a hindered alkoxy radical such as tBu-O-, to give the corresponding compounds of formula (I). The compounds of formulae (Ia) to (Ie) such that p is equal to 1, Y denotes - C(O)-O- and m is equal to 1 may also be prepared by combining steps 2, 3 and 4 described previously, from an unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid as described in “The synthesis of Bio-based Michael donors from tall oil fatty acids for polymer development”, Polymers, 2022,14, 4107. By way of example, the reaction scheme below may be used, in which all the epoxides are opened with methanol and each hydroxyl is then esterified with t-Bu- OCOCH2CH3: [Chem 59]

[0113] By way of example, the reaction scheme below may be used, in which an unsaturated oil reacts with a (poly)hydroxyl thiol such as SH-(CH2)xOH, with x being an integer preferably from 1 to 4, followed by a transesterification reaction (as described in Desroches, M., Caillol, S., Lapinte, V., Auvergne, R. and Boutevin, B. (2011). Synthesis of biobased polyols by thiol-ene coupling from vegetable oils. Macromolecules, 44(8), 2489–2500): [Chem 60] By way of example, the reaction scheme below may be used, in which all the epoxides are opened with lactic acid and each hydroxyl is then esterified with t-Bu- OCOCH2CH3: [Chem 61] Fatty acid The composition according to the invention comprises ii) one or more fatty acids. The term “fatty acid” means a compound comprising at least one saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain containing from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, the chain being substituted with one or more carboxyl groups and optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. These fatty acids are neither oxyalkylenated nor glycerolated. Preferably, the fatty acid(s) according to the invention are chosen from compounds of structure R20-C(O)OH in which R20represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 5 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 29 carbon atoms, preferentially from 9 to 24 carbon atoms, better still from 11 to 19 carbon atoms, said R20group being optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals. When R20 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group, the unsaturation(s) are preferably ethylenic unsaturations; when several unsaturations are present, these may or may not be conjugated. The fatty acids that may be used in the present invention are notably chosen from myristic acid, cetylic acid (or palmitic acid), stearic acid, arachidic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, behenic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, isostearic acid, isopalmitic acid and mixtures thereof. In a particularly preferred manner, the fatty acid(s) are chosen from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid (also called cetylic acid), stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, isostearic acid, isopalmitic acid and mixtures thereof. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises at least one fatty acid of structure R20-C(O)OH in which R20 represents a linear or branched, unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 11 to 19 carbon atoms, said group R20 being optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals, preferably unsubstituted. According to one embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises at least oleic acid. The fatty acid(s) ii) are present in the fatty phase in a content ranging from 0.01% to 95% by weight, better still in a content ranging from 15% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the fatty phase. The fatty acid(s) ii) are present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.1% to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10%, preferentially from 1% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Fatty substances different from the fatty acid(s) ii) As indicated previously, the fatty phase may contain v) at least one fatty substance, preferably at least one oil, different from the fatty acids ii). The fatty phase may thus also contain one or more oils chosen from alkanes, triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin, fatty alcohols, fatty esters different from triglyceride oils, fatty ethers, and mixtures thereof. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “oil” denotes a water- immiscible compound which is liquid at a temperature of 25°C and atmospheric pressure (1.013×105Pa). The term “immiscible” means that the mixing of the same amount of water and oil, after stirring, does not result in a stable solution comprising only a single phase, under the abovementioned temperature and pressure conditions. Observation is made with the naked eye or using a phase-contrast microscope, if necessary, on 100 g of mixture obtained after sufficient stirring with a Rayneri blender to produce a vortex within the mixture (as a guide, 200 to 1000 rpm), the resulting mixture being left to stand, in a closed flask, for 24 hours at room temperature before observation. It is recalled that the fatty alcohols, fatty esters and fatty ethers more particularly contain at least one saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 6 to 40, better still from 8 to 30 and better still from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted, in particular with one or more hydroxyl groups (in particular 1 to 4). If they are unsaturated, these compounds may include one to three conjugated or non-conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds. The alkanes may be chosen from: * hydrocarbon oils containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, and notably: - branched C10-C16 alkanes, for instance isoalkanes (also known as isoparaffins) such as C13-C16 isoparaffin, isododecane, isodecane, isohexadecane, and for example the oils sold under the Isopar or Permethyl trade names, alone or as mixtures, preferably isododecane (also known as 2,2,4,4,6-pentamethylheptane), for example sold by Ineos, more preferentially isododecane; - linear alkanes, for example C10-C16 alkanes, alone or as mixtures, for instance hexane, decane, undecane, tridecane, or n-dodecane (C12) and n-tetradecane (C14) sold by Sasol under the respective references Parafol 12-97 and Parafol 14-97, the undecane-tridecane mixture, the mixtures of n-undecane (C11) and n-tridecane (C13) obtained in Examples 1 and 2 of patent application WO 2008 / 155059 by the company Cognis, and mixtures thereof, and also mixtures of n-undecane (C11) and n-tridecane (C13) Cetiol Ultimate® from the company BASF; - volatile, non-aromatic cyclic C5-C12 alkanes; * hydrocarbon-based oils notably chosen from linear or branched compounds of mineral or synthetic origin, for instance: i) liquid paraffin, ii) squalane such as the reference Neossance Squalane sold by Amyris, isoeicosane, iii) mixtures of linear, saturated hydrocarbons, particularly C14-C30 and more particularly C15-C28 hydrocarbons, such as mixtures whose INCI names are, for example, the following: C15-C19 alkane, C18-C21 alkane, C21-C28 alkane, for instance the products Gemseal 40, Gemseal 60 and Gemseal 120 sold by Total, Emogreen L19 sold by SEPPIC, Emogreen L15 sold by SEPPIC, Emogreen HP40 sold by SEPPIC, iv) hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated polybutenes, for instance the products of the Indopol range sold by Ineos Oligomers, products having the INCI name Hydrogenated Polyisobutene; v) hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated polyisobutenes, preferably hydrogenated, for instance the non-volatile compounds of the Parleam® range sold by the company Nippon Oil Fats, vi) hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated polydecenes, for instance the non-volatile compounds of the Puresyn® range sold by the company ExxonMobil), vii) decene / butene copolymers, butene / isobutene copolymers, and viii) mixtures thereof. The triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin are preferably triglycerides consisting of fatty acid esters of glycerol that are liquid at room temperature, in particular whose fatty acids may have chain lengths ranging from C7 to C22. These oils may be linear or branched, and saturated or unsaturated. By way of example, mention may notably be made of heptanoic or octanoic triglycerides, caprylic / capric acid triglycerides, caprylic / capric / succinic acid triglycerides, plant oils such as wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, grapeseed oil, sesame seed oil, cumin oil, corn oil, apricot kernel oil, castor oil, shea oil, avocado oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sweet almond oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, jojoba oil, alfalfa oil, poppy oil, pumpkin oil, marrow oil, blackcurrant oil, evening primrose oil, millet oil, barley oil, quinoa oil, rye oil, safflower oil, candlenut oil, passionflower oil, musk rose oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil, argan oil, passionflower oil, kaya oil; the liquid fraction of shea butter, and the liquid fraction of cocoa butter; and also mixtures thereof. The fatty alcohols are in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, and notably include from 10 to 26 carbon atoms. They are preferably monoalcohols. Advantageously, the C10-C26 alcohols are fatty alcohols, which are preferably branched or unsaturated when they comprise at least 14 carbon atoms. Preferably, the fatty alcohol comprises from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, and more preferentially from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, notably such as lauryl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, 2-hexyldecyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, octyldodecanol and mixtures thereof. The fatty esters other than the triglyceride oils mentioned above include a total number of carbon atoms greater than or equal to 8, more advantageously greater than or equal to 10. They may be chosen from: (i) linear aliphatic esters of formula R-C(O)-OR’ in which R-C(O)-O- represents a carboxylic acid residue including from 2 to 40 carbon atoms and R’ represents a hydrocarbon-based chain containing from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, aliphatic hydrocarbon-based esters of alkylene glycol, in particular ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, the total number of carbon atoms advantageously being at least 10. As examples of such esters, mention may be made of isoamyl laurate, cetostearyl octanoate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate or isostearate, ethyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isostearyl isostearate, octyl stearate, isostearyl heptanoate, cetyl octanoate, cocoyl caprylate / caprate, tridecyl octanoate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, hexyl laurate, neopentanoic acid esters, such as isodecyl neopentanoate, isotridecyl neopentanoate, isostearyl neopentanoate or 2-octyldodecyl neopentanoate, isononanoic acid esters, such as isononyl isononanoate, isotridecyl isononanoate or octyl isononanoate, oleyl erucate, isocetyl stearate, isodecyl neopentanoate, isostearyl behenate or myristyl myristate; ii) fatty acid esters of alcohols or polyols, such as polyglyceryl-2 triisostearate; glyceryl triisostearate; glyceryl 2-tridecyltetradecanoate; propylene glycol dioctanoate; polyethylene glycol diheptanoate; propylene glycol diethyl 2- hexanoate; pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate; pentaerythrityl tetradecyl 2-tetradecanoate; pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetraisononanoate; iii) aromatic esters such as tridecyl trimellitate, C12-C15 alcohol benzoate, the 2-phenylethyl ester of benzoic acid, and butyloctyl salicylate; iv) fatty esters of α-hydroxy acids, polyacids or amino acids such as triisoarachidyl citrate, lauroyl isopropyl sarcosinate or diisopropyl sebacate; v) polyesters obtained by condensation of dimer and / or trimer of unsaturated fatty acid and of diol, such as those with the INCI name Dilinoleic Acid / Butanediol Copolymer or Dilinoleic Acid / Propanediol Copolymer; the polyesters obtained by condensation of fatty acid dimer and of diol dimer, such as dimer dilinoleyl dimer dilinoleate; vi) the carbonates of formula R1-O-C(O)-O-R2, where R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched C4-C12, and preferentially C6- C10, alkyl chain; the total number of carbon atoms in the carbonate advantageously being at least 10. The carbonate oils may be dicaprylyl carbonate (or dioctyl carbonate), sold under the name Cetiol CC® by the company BASF, bis(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate, sold under the name Tegosoft DEC® by the company Evonik, dipropylheptyl carbonate (Cetiol 4 AII from BASF), dibutyl carbonate, dineopentyl carbonate, dipentyl carbonate, dineoheptyl carbonate, diheptyl carbonate, diisononyl carbonate or dinonyl carbonate, and preferably dioctyl carbonate; vii) and mixtures thereof. Among the liquid fatty ethers are the oils of formula R3-O-R4 in which R3 and R4 independently denote a linear, branched or cyclic C6-C24 alkyl group, preferably a C6-C18 alkyl group, and preferably a C8-C12 alkyl group. It may be preferable for R3 and R4 to be identical. Linear alkyl groups that may be mentioned include a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, an eicosyl group, a behenyl group, a docosyl group, a tricosyl group and a tetracosyl group. Branched alkyl groups that may be mentioned include a 1,1-dimethylpropyl group, a 3-methylhexyl group, a 5-methylhexyl group, an ethylhexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a 5- methyloctyl group, a 1-ethylhexyl group, a 1-butylpentyl group, a 2-butyloctyl group, an isotridecyl group, a 2-pentylnonyl group, a 2-hexyldecyl group, an isostearyl group, a 2-heptylundecyl group, a 2-octyldodecyl group, a 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, a 1-(1- methylethyl)-2-methylpropyl group, a 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl group, a 3,5,5- trimethylhexyl group, a 1-(2-methylpropyl)-3-methylbutyl group, a 3,7-dimethyloctyl group and a 2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-5,7,7-trimethyloctyl group. Cyclic alkyl groups that may be mentioned include a cyclohexyl group, a 3-methylcyclohexyl group and a 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl group. As examples of liquid fatty ethers, mention may be made of caprylyl ether, dilauryl ether, diisostearyl ether, dioctyl ether, nonylphenyl ether, dodecyl dimethyl butyl ether, cetyl dimethyl butyl ether, cetyl isobutyl ether and mixtures thereof, better still caprylyl ether, such as the reference Cetiol OE sold by BASF. The fatty substance(s) of the fatty phase are preferentially chosen from triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin, fatty alcohols, fatty esters other than triglyceride oils, and mixtures thereof. A3. Colouring agent As indicated above, the composition according to the invention optionally comprises iv) at least one colouring agent. The composition according to the invention preferably comprises iv) at least one colouring agent. The colouring agent(s) iv) are chosen from pigments. Pigment The term “pigment” refers to any pigment that gives colour to keratin materials. Their solubility in water at 25°C and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) is less than 0.05% by weight, and preferably less than 0.01% by weight. The pigments that may be used are notably chosen from the organic and / or mineral pigments known in the art, notably those described in Kirk-Othmer’s Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology and in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. They may be natural, of natural origin, or non-natural. These pigments may be in pigment powder or paste form. They may be coated or uncoated. The pigments may be chosen, for example, from mineral pigments, organic pigments, lakes, pigments with special effects such as nacres or glitter flakes, and mixtures thereof. The pigment may be a mineral pigment. The term “mineral pigment” refers to any pigment that satisfies the definition in Ullmann’s encyclopedia in the chapter on inorganic pigments. Among the mineral pigments that are useful in the present invention, mention may be made of iron oxides, chromium oxides, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate, ferric blue and titanium oxide. The pigment may be an organic pigment. The term “organic pigment” refers to any pigment that satisfies the definition in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia in the chapter on organic pigments. The organic pigment may notably be chosen from nitroso, nitro, azo, xanthene, pyrene, quinoline, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, fluoran, phthalocyanine, metal-complex, isoindolinone, isoindoline, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, thioindigo, dioxazine, triphenylmethane and quinophthalone compounds. In particular, the white or coloured organic pigments may be chosen from carmine, carbon black, aniline black, azo yellow, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, the blue pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 42090, 69800, 69825, 74100, 74160, the yellow pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 11680, 11710, 19140, 20040, 21100, 21108, 47000, 47005, the green pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 61565, 61570, 74260, the orange pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 11725, 45370, 71105, the red pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 12085, 12120, 12370, 12420, 12490, 14700, 15525, 15580, 15620, 15630, 15800, 15850, 15865, 15880, 26100, 45380, 45410, 58000, 73360, 73915, 75470, the pigments obtained by oxidative polymerization of indole or phenol derivatives as described in patent FR 2679771. Examples that may also be mentioned include pigment pastes of organic pigments, such as the products sold by the company Hoechst under the names: - Cosmenyl Yellow 10G: Yellow 3 pigment (CI 11710); - Cosmenyl Yellow G: Yellow 1 pigment (CI 11680); - Cosmenyl Orange GR: Orange 43 pigment (CI 71105); - Cosmenyl Red R: Red 4 pigment (CI 12085); - Cosmenyl Carmine FB: Red 5 pigment (CI 12490); - Cosmenyl Violet RL: Violet 23 pigment (CI 51319); - Cosmenyl Blue A2R: Blue 15.1 pigment (CI 74160); - Cosmenyl Green GG: Green 7 pigment (CI 74260); - Cosmenyl Black R: Black 7 pigment (CI 77266). The pigments in accordance with the invention may also be in the form of composite pigments, as described in patent EP 1184426. These composite pigments may notably be composed of particles including an inorganic core, at least one binder for attaching the organic pigments to the core, and at least one organic pigment which at least partially covers the core. The organic pigment may also be a lake. The term “lake” refers to dyes adsorbed onto insoluble particles, the assembly thus obtained remaining insoluble during use. The inorganic substrates onto which the dyes are adsorbed are, for example, alumina, silica, calcium sodium borosilicate or calcium aluminium borosilicate, and aluminium. Among the dyes, mention may be made of carminic acid. Mention may also be made of the dyes known under the following names: D&C Red 21 (CI 45380), D&C Orange 5 (CI 45370), D&C Red 27 (CI 45410), D&C Orange 10 (CI 45425), D&C Red 3 (CI 45430), D&C Red 4 (CI 15510), D&C Red 33 (CI 17200), D&C Yellow 5 (CI 19140), D&C Yellow 6 (CI 15985), D&C Green (CI 61570), D&C Yellow 10 (CI 77002), D&C Green 3 (CI 42053), D&C Blue 1 (CI 42090). An example of a lake that may be mentioned is the product known under the following name: D&C Red 7 (CI 15850:1). The pigment may also be a pigment with special effects. The term “pigments with special effects” means pigments that generally create a coloured appearance (characterized by a certain shade, a certain vivacity and a certain level of luminance) that is non-uniform and that changes as a function of the conditions of observation (light, temperature, angles of observation, etc.). They thereby differ from coloured pigments, which afford a standard uniform opaque, semi-transparent or transparent shade. Several types of pigments with special effects exist: those with a low refractive index, such as fluorescent or photochromic pigments, and those with a higher refractive index, such as nacres, interference pigments or glitter flakes. Examples of pigments with special effects that may be mentioned include nacreous pigments such as mica coated with titanium or with bismuth oxychloride, coloured nacreous pigments such as mica covered with titanium and with iron oxides, mica covered with iron oxide, mica covered with titanium and notably with ferric blue or with chromium oxide, mica covered with titanium and with an organic pigment as defined previously, and also nacreous pigments based on bismuth oxychloride. Nacreous pigments that may be mentioned include the nacres Cellini sold by BASF (mica-TiO2-lake), Prestige sold by Eckart (mica-TiO2), Prestige Bronze sold by Eckart (mica-Fe2O3) and Colorona sold by Merck (mica-TiO2-Fe2O3). Mention may also be made of the gold-coloured nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Brilliant Gold 212G (Timica), Gold 222C (Cloisonne), Sparkle Gold (Timica), Gold 4504 (Chromalite) and Monarch Gold 233X (Cloisonne); the bronze nacres sold notably by the company Merck under the name Bronze Fine (17384) (Colorona) and Bronze (17353) (Colorona) and by the company BASF under the name Super Bronze (Cloisonne); the orange nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Orange 363C (Cloisonne) and Orange MCR 101 (Cosmica) and by the company Merck under the name Passion Orange (Colorona) and Matte Orange (17449) (Microna); the brown nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Nu-antique Copper 340XB (Cloisonne) and Brown CL4509 (Chromalite); the nacres with a copper tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Copper 340A (Timica); the nacres with a red tint sold notably by the company Merck under the name Sienna Fine (17386) (Colorona); the nacres with a yellow tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Yellow (4502) (Chromalite); the red nacres with a gold tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Sunstone G012 (Gemtone); the pink nacres sold notably by the company BASF under the name Tan Opale G005 (Gemtone); the black nacres with a gold tint sold notably by the company BASF under the name Nu-antique Bronze 240 AB (Timica), the blue nacres sold notably by the company Merck under the name Matte Blue (17433) (Microna), the white nacres with a silvery tint sold notably by the company Merck under the name Xirona Silver, and the golden-green pink-orange nacres sold notably by the company Merck under the name Indian Summer (Xirona), and mixtures thereof. Still as examples of nacres, mention may also be made of particles including a borosilicate substrate coated with titanium oxide. Particles comprising a glass substrate coated with titanium oxide are notably sold under the name Metashine MC1080RY by Toyal. Finally, examples of nacres that may also be mentioned include polyethylene terephthalate glitter flakes, notably those sold by the company Meadowbrook Inventions under the name Silver 1P 0.004X0.004 (silver glitter flakes). It is also possible to envisage multilayer pigments based on synthetic substrates, such as alumina, silica, calcium sodium borosilicate, calcium aluminium borosilicate and aluminium. The pigments with special effects may also be chosen from reflective particles, i.e. notably from particles whose size, structure, notably the thickness of the layer(s) of which they are made and their physical and chemical nature, and surface state, allow them to reflect incident light. This reflection may, where appropriate, have an intensity sufficient to create at the surface of the composition or of the mixture, when it is applied to the support to be made up, highlight points that are visible to the naked eye, i.e. more luminous points that contrast with their environment making them appear to sparkle. The reflective particles may be selected so as not to significantly alter the colouring effect generated by the colouring agents with which they are combined, and more particularly so as to optimize this effect in terms of colour rendition. They may more particularly have a yellow, pink, red, bronze, orange, brown, gold and / or coppery colour or tint. These particles may have varied forms and may notably be in platelet or globular form, in particular in spherical form. The reflective particles, whatever their form, may or may not have a multilayer structure and, in the case of a multilayer structure, may have, for example, at least one layer of uniform thickness, notably of a reflective material. When the reflective particles do not have a multilayer structure, they may be composed, for example, of metal oxides, notably titanium or iron oxides obtained synthetically. When the reflective particles have a multilayer structure, they may include, for example, a natural or synthetic substrate, notably a synthetic substrate at least partially coated with at least one layer of a reflective material, notably of at least one metal or metallic material. The substrate may be made of one or more organic and / or mineral materials. More particularly, it may be chosen from glasses, ceramics, graphite, metal oxides, aluminas, silicas, silicates, notably aluminosilicates and borosilicates, and synthetic mica, and mixtures thereof, this list not being limiting. The reflective material may include a layer of metal or of a metallic material. Reflective particles are notably described in JP-A-09188830, JP-A-10158450, JP-A-10158541, JP-A-07258460 and JP-A-05017710. Again as an example of reflective particles including a mineral substrate coated with a layer of metal, mention may also be made of particles including a silver- coated borosilicate substrate. Particles with a silver-coated glass substrate, in the form of platelets, are sold under the name Microglass Metashine REFSX 2025 PS by the company Toyal. Particles with a glass substrate coated with a nickel / chromium / molybdenum alloy are sold under the names Crystal Star GF 550 and GF 2525 by this same company. Use may also be made of particles comprising a metal substrate, such as silver, aluminium, iron, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, gold, copper, zinc, tin, magnesium, steel, bronze or titanium, said substrate being coated with at least one layer of at least one metal oxide, such as titanium oxide, aluminium oxide, iron oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, silicon oxides and mixtures thereof. Examples that may be mentioned include aluminium powder, bronze powder or copper powder coated with SiO2 sold under the name Visionaire by the company Eckart. Mention may also be made of interference pigments which are not attached to a substrate, such as liquid crystals (Helicones HC from Wacker) or interference holographic glitter flakes (Geometric Pigments or Spectra f / x from Spectratek). Pigments with special effects also comprise fluorescent pigments, whether these are substances that are fluorescent in daylight or that produce an ultraviolet fluorescence, phosphorescent pigments, photochromic pigments, thermochromic pigments and quantum dots, sold, for example, by the company Quantum Dots Corporation. The variety of pigments that may be used in the present invention makes it possible to obtain a wide range of colours, and also particular optical effects such as metallic effects or interference effects. The size of the pigment used in the composition according to the present invention is generally between 10 nm and 200 µm, preferably between 20 nm and 80 µm and more preferentially between 30 nm and 50 µm. The pigments may be dispersed in the composition by means of a dispersant. The dispersant serves to protect the dispersed particles against agglomeration or flocculation thereof. This dispersant may be a surfactant, an oligomer, a polymer or a mixture of several thereof, bearing one or more functionalities with strong affinity for the surface of the particles to be dispersed. In particular, they may become physically or chemically attached to the surface of the pigments. These dispersants also contain at least one functional group that is compatible with or soluble in the continuous medium. In particular, esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid in particular and of C8 to C20 fatty acid and of polyols such as glycerol or diglycerol are used, such as poly(12-hydroxystearic acid) stearate with a molecular weight of approximately 750 g / mol, such as the product sold under the name Solsperse 21000 by the company Avecia, polyglyceryl-2 dipolyhydroxystearate (CTFA name) sold under the reference Dehymyls PGPH by the company Henkel, or else polyhydroxystearic acid such as the product sold under the reference Arlacel P100 by the company Uniqema, and mixtures thereof. As other dispersants that may be used in the compositions of the invention, mention may be made of quaternary ammonium derivatives of polycondensed fatty acids, for instance Solsperse 17 000 sold by the company Avecia, and polydimethylsiloxane / oxypropylene mixtures such as those sold by the company Dow Corning under the references DC2-5185 and DC2-5225 C. The pigments used in the composition may be surface-treated with an organic agent. Thus, the pigments surface-treated beforehand of use in the context of the invention are pigments which have been completely or partially subjected to a surface treatment of chemical, electronic, electrochemical, mechanochemical or mechanical nature with an organic agent, such as those which are described in particular in Cosmetics and Toiletries, February 1990, Vol. 105, pages 53-64, before being dispersed in the composition in accordance with the invention. These organic agents may be chosen, for example, from waxes, for example carnauba wax and beeswax; fatty acids, fatty alcohols and derivatives thereof, such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, stearyl alcohol, hydroxystearyl alcohol and lauric acid and derivatives thereof; anionic surfactants; lecithins; sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, titanium, zinc or aluminium salts of fatty acids, for example aluminium stearate or laurate; metal alkoxides; polyethylene; (meth)acrylic polymers, for example polymethyl methacrylates; polymers and copolymers containing acrylate units; alkanolamines; silicone compounds, for example silicones, notably polydimethylsiloxanes; organofluorine compounds, for example perfluoroalkyl ethers; fluorosilicone compounds. The surface-treated pigments that are useful in the composition may also have been treated with a mixture of these compounds and / or may have undergone several surface treatments. The surface-treated pigments that are useful in the context of the present invention may be prepared according to surface-treatment techniques that are well known to those skilled in the art, or may be commercially available as is. Preferably, the surface-treated pigments are coated with an organic layer. The organic agent with which the pigments are treated may be deposited on the pigments by evaporation of solvent, chemical reaction between the molecules of the surface agent or creation of a covalent bond between the surface agent and the pigments. The surface treatment may thus be performed, for example, by chemical reaction of a surface agent with the surface of the pigments and creation of a covalent bond between the surface agent and the pigments or the fillers. This method is notably described in patent US 4578266. An organic agent covalently bonded to the pigments will preferably be used. The agent for the surface treatment may represent from 0.1% to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the surface-treated pigment, preferably from 0.5% to 30% by weight and even more preferentially from 1% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the surface-treated pigment. Preferably, the surface treatments of the pigments are chosen from the following treatments: - a PEG-silicone treatment, for instance the AQ surface treatment sold by LCW; - a methicone treatment, for instance the SI surface treatment sold by LCW; - a dimethicone treatment, for instance the Covasil 3.05 surface treatment sold by LCW; - a dimethicone / trimethyl siloxysilicate treatment, for instance the Covasil 4.05 surface treatment sold by LCW; - a magnesium myristate treatment, for instance the MM surface treatment sold by LCW; - an aluminium dimyristate treatment, for instance the MI surface treatment sold by Miyoshi; - a perfluoropolymethyl isopropyl ether treatment, for instance the FHC surface treatment sold by LCW; - an isostearyl sebacate treatment, for instance the HS surface treatment sold by Miyoshi; - a perfluoroalkyl phosphate treatment, for instance the PF surface treatment sold by Daito; - an acrylate / dimethicone copolymer and perfluoroalkyl phosphate treatment, for instance the FSA surface treatment sold by Daito; - a polymethylhydrogenosiloxane / perfluoroalkyl phosphate treatment, for instance the FS01 surface treatment sold by Daito; - an acrylate / dimethicone copolymer treatment, for instance the ASC surface treatment sold by Daito; - an isopropyl titanium triisostearate treatment, for instance the ITT surface treatment sold by Daito; - an acrylate copolymer treatment, for instance the APD surface treatment sold by Daito; - a perfluoroalkyl phosphate / isopropyl titanium triisostearate treatment, for instance the PF + ITT surface treatment sold by Daito. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the dispersant is present with organic or mineral pigments in submicron-sized particulate form. The term “submicron-sized” or “submicronic” refers to pigments having a particle size that has been micronized by a micronization method and having a mean particle size of less than a micrometre (µm), in particular between 0.1 and 0.9 µm, and preferably between 0.2 and 0.6 µm. According to one embodiment, the dispersant and the pigment(s) are present in a (dispersant:pigment) amount, according to a weight ratio, of between 1: 4 and 4: 1, particularly between 1.5: 3.5 and 3.5: 1 or better still between 1.75: 3 and 3: 1. The dispersant(s) may therefore have a silicone backbone, such as silicone polyether and dispersants of amino silicone type. Among the suitable dispersants that may be mentioned are: - amino silicones, i.e. silicones comprising one or more amine groups, such as those sold under the following names and references: BYK LPX 21879, par BYK, GP-4, GP-6, GP-344, GP-851, GP-965, GP-967 and GP-988-1, sold by Genesee Polymers, - silicone acrylates such as Tego® RC 902, Tego® RC 922, Tego® RC 1041, and Tego® RC 1043, sold by Evonik, - polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicones bearing carboxylic groups such as X-22162 and X-22370 by Shin-Etsu, epoxy silicones such as GP-29, GP-32, GP-502, GP-504, GP-514, GP-607, GP-682, and GP-695 by Genesee Polymers, or Tego® RC 1401, Tego® RC 1403, Tego® RC 1412 by Evonik. According to a particular embodiment, the dispersant(s) are of amino silicone type and are cationic. Preferably, the pigment(s) are chosen from mineral, mixed mineral-organic or organic pigments. In one variant of the invention, the pigment(s) are organic pigments, preferentially organic pigments surface-treated with an organic agent chosen from silicone compounds. In another variant of the invention, the pigment(s) are mineral pigments. Preferably, the pigment(s) are chosen from iron oxides, notably red, brown or black iron oxides. An example of an iron oxide that may be mentioned is red iron oxide. The pigment(s) as defined previously may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0 to 20% by weight, preferably in a content ranging from 0 to 15% by weight, better still in a content ranging from 0 to 10%, relative to the total weight of the composition. Advantageously, the pigment(s) may be present in a total content ranging from 0.05% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 15% by weight and better still from 0.5% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. A4. Additive(s) The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more additives. The additives are different from compound(s) ii), iii), iv) and v) as described previously. The additive(s) optionally present in the composition according to the invention may be included in the aqueous phase or the fatty phase. The composition according to the invention may thus also comprise one or more additives chosen from the group consisting of salts; emollients; moisturizers; fragrances; peptizers; vitamins; thickeners; suspensives; conditioning agents; preserving agents; anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric polymers. A person skilled in the art will take care to select the optional additives and the amount thereof such that they do not harm the cosmetic properties of the composition of the present invention. These additives may be present in the composition according to the invention in an amount ranging from 0% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, among the additives, mention may notably be made of glycerol. According to one embodiment, the aqueous phase comprises water, iii) at least chitosan, as described previously, at least one acid with a pKa of less than 5, as described previously, and at least glycerol. The composition according to the invention may also comprise at least one (poly)amine compound other than the chitosan(s) iii). (Poly)amine compounds The (poly)amine compound other than the chitosan(s) iii) may be chosen in particular from polyamine compounds bearing several primary amine and / or secondary amine groups or from amino alkoxysilanes, and more particularly from amino alkoxysilane compounds, diamine compounds, triamine compounds, and mixtures thereof. The (poly)amine compound may be a compound comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, notably a non-polymeric compound; they may be acyclic or cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or non-conjugated, aromatic or non-aromatic, optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -Si(R’)2- and -N(R’’)-, preferably -O-, -Si(R’)2-, or combinations thereof such as -Si(R’)2-O- or -O-Si(R’)2-, with R’, which may be identical or different, representing a (C1-C4)alkyl group such as methyl, and R’’ representing a hydrogen atom or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom. The term “non-polymeric compound” means a compound which is not directly obtained via a monomer polymerization reaction. (Poly)amine compounds that may be mentioned in particular include N- methyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-propyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-isopropyl-1,3- diaminopropane, N-cyclohexyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethanol, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylamine, bis(3-aminopropyl)amine, methylbis(3- aminopropyl)amine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, N,N- dimethyldipropylenetriamine, 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, N,N’-bis(3- aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,4- butylenediamine, lysine, cystamine, xylenediamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, 1,3- bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, diaminopropanol, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, spermidine and C36-alkylenediamines (PriamineTM1071, 1073, 1074, 1075, respectively), preferably spermidine and / or 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the (poly)amine compound(s) are monoamine compounds, i.e. they contain only one primary and / or secondary amine group, preferably a primary amine group (NH2). The (poly)amine compound(s) may be chosen from amino alkoxysilanes, notably of formula R’1Si(OR’2)z(R’3)x in which: - R’1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or acyclic C1-C6 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with a group chosen from primary amine groups NH2 or secondary amine groups -N(H)R with R representing a C1-C4 alkyl, an aryl or a benzyl substituted with an amino group or with a C1-C4 aminoalkyl group; R’1 may be interrupted in its chain with a heteroatom (O, S, NH) or a carbonyl group (CO), R’1 being linked to the silicon atom directly via a carbon atom, - R’2 and R’3, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched (C1-C6)alkyl group, - z denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 3, and - x denotes an integer ranging from 0 to 2, with z + x = 3. In particular, R’1 is an acyclic chain. Preferably, R’1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with an amine -NH2 or -N(H)R group, with R representing a C1-C6 alkyl, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C6 aromatic group. More preferentially, R’1 is a saturated linear C1-C6 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with an amine group NH2. Even more preferentially, R’1 is a saturated linear C2-C4 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with an amine group NH2. In particular, R’2 represents an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; preferably, R’2 represents a linear alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and more preferentially R’2 represents an ethyl group. In particular, R’3 represents an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; preferably, R’3 represents a linear alkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and more preferentially R’3 represents methyl or ethyl groups. Preferably, z is equal to 3. In particular, the (poly)amine compound(s) are chosen from amino alkoxysilanes including only one primary and / or secondary, preferably primary (NH2), amine group, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 3- aminoethyltriethoxysilane (AETES), 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N-(2- aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(m- aminophenoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, p-aminophenyltrimethoxysilane, and N-(2- aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane. Preferably, the (poly)amine compound(s) are chosen from 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 3-aminoethyltriethoxysilane (AETES), 3- aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and more preferentially 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), in particular the product sold by Sigma Aldrich. The (poly)amine compound may also be chosen from amino polymers other than the chitosan(s) iii), notably having a weight-average molecular weight ranging from 500 g.mol-1to 1000000 g.mol-1, preferably ranging from 500 g.mol-1to 500000 g.mol-1, and preferentially ranging from 500 g.mol-1to 100000 g.mol-1. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the (poly)amine compound(s) are monoamine compounds and are chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes notably of formula (IV): H2N-ALK-Si(R’2)(R’3)-O-[ Si(R’2)(R’3)-O]n- Si(R’2)(R’3)-R’4 (IV) in which formula (IV): - Alk represents a (C1-C4) alkylene group which is linear or branched, preferably linear, such as propylene, - R’2 and R’3, which may be identical or different, preferably identical, represent a (C1-C4)alkyl group, such as methyl, and - R’4 represents a linear or branched (C1-C6)alkyl group, preferably C4, such as n-butyl, n represents an integer greater than or equal to 2, preferably the value of n is such that the weight-average molecular weight of the polydimethylsiloxane ranges from 500 to 3000 g.mol-1. As examples of polydimethylsiloxanes (IV), mention may be made of the products sold under the names MCR-A11 and MCR-A12 by the company Gelest. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the (poly)amine compounds are diamine compounds, i.e. they contain two primary and / or secondary amine groups, preferably primary amine groups (NH2). More particularly, they are chosen from the compounds of formula (V) or (VI): ^^ALK[(O-ALK’)m-NH2]2 (V) or ^^H2N-ALK-Si(R’)2-[O-Si(R’)2]m-O-Si(R)2-ALK’-NH2 (VI) in which formulae (V) and (VI): - ALK and ALK’, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched (C1-C6)alkylene group, preferably a linear group such as propylene, - R’, which may be identical or different, represents a (C1-C4)alkyl group such as methyl, - m represents an integer greater than or equal to 0; preferably, the value of m is such that the weight-average molecular weight of compound (V) or (VI) ranges from 500 g.mol-1to 55000 g.mol-1. As examples of compounds of formula (VI), mention may be made of those sold under the names DMS-A11, DMS-A12, DMS-A15, DMS-A21, DMS-A31, DMS- A32 and DMS-A35 by the company Gelest. The (poly)amines compounds that are diamines are particularly polyether diamines notably of formula H2N-ALK-O-[ALK’-O]m-ALK’’-NH2 with ALK, ALK’ and ALK’’, which may be identical or different, representing a linear or branched (C1- C6))alkylene group, and m representing an integer greater than or equal to 0, such as 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine or the compounds known under the reference Jeffamine from the company Hunstman, and more particularly α,ω-diamino polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol (with an amine function at the end of the chain) such as the products sold under the names Jeffamine D-230, D-400, D-2000, D-4000, ED-600, ED-9000 and ED-2003. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the (poly)amine compound(s) are triamine compounds, i.e. they contain three primary and / or secondary amine groups, preferably primary amine groups (NH2). More particularly, they are chosen from polyether triamines notably of formula ALK’’’[(O-ALK’)m-NH2]3 with ALK’ as defined previously and ALK’’’ representing a linear or branched trivalent (C1-C6)alkylene group, and m representing an integer greater than or equal to 0. As (poly)amine compounds that are triamine compounds, mention may be made in particular of polyether triamines, and notably α,ω-diamino polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol (with an amine function at the end of the chain) such as the products sold under the names Jeffamine T-403. According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the (poly)amine compound(s) include more than three primary and / or secondary amine groups, preferably primary amine groups (NH2). In this variant, the (poly)amine compound(s) are chosen from poly(meth)acrylates or poly(meth)acrylamides bearing lateral primary or secondary amine functions, such as poly(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide and poly(2-aminoethyl) methacrylate. Preferably, the polyamine compounds are chosen from polydimethylsiloxanes comprising primary amine groups at the chain end and / or on side chains. According to this variant, the (poly)amine compound(s) are chosen in particular from poly((C2-C5)alkyleneimines), and preferably polyethylenimines and polypropyleneimines, notably poly(ethyleneimine), in particular the product sold under reference 408700 by the company Aldrich Chemical or under the trade name Lupasol by BASF, notably with a molecular weight of between 1200 and 25000; poly(allylamine), in particular the product sold under reference 479136 by the company Aldrich Chemical; polyvinylamines and copolymers thereof, notably with vinylamides, in particular vinylamine / vinylformamide copolymers such as those sold under the name Lupamin®9030 by the company BASF; polyamine acids containing NH2 groups, such as polylysine, in particular the product sold by the company JNC Corporation (formerly Chisso); amino dextran, in particular the product sold by the company CarboMer Inc; amino polyvinyl alcohol, in particular the product sold by the company CarboMer Inc; acrylamido(C1-C6)alkylamine-based copolymers, notably acrylamidopropylamine-based copolymers. According to a particular embodiment, the polydimethylsiloxanes comprising primary amine groups at the end of the chain and / or on side chains are chosen from the compounds of formula (VII) below: Ra-Si(Rb)(Rc)-O-[Si(Rb)(Rc)-O]m-[Si(ALK1-NH2)(Ra)-O]n-Si(Rb)(Rc)-Ra (VII) in which formula (VII): Ra, which may be identical or different, represents a hydroxyl or (C1-C4)alkyl group, - Rb and Rc, which may be identical or different, preferably identical, represent a (C1-C4)alkyl group, such as methyl, - ALK1represents a linear or branched (C1-C6) alkylene group, optionally interrupted with an N(H) group, - m and n are integers greater than or equal to 1; preferably, m and n are such that the weight-average molecular mass of the compound of formula (VII) ranges from 1000 g.mol-1to 500000 g.mol-1. According to a preferred variant, formula (VII) is such that Ra, Rb and Rc represent a methyl group, ALK1represents a propylene group, the values of n and m are such that the weight-average molecular weight of the polydimethylsiloxane ranges from 1000 g.mol-1to 55000 g.mol-1. As examples of polydimethylsiloxanes of formula (VI), mention may be made of those sold under the names AMS-132, AMS-152, AMS-162, AMS-163, AMS-191 and AMS-1203 by the company Gelest. According to another variant, formula (VII) is such that Ra represents a hydroxyl or (C1-C4)alkyl group, such as methyl, ALK1represents a (C5-C6)alkylene group substituted with an NH group; preferably, ALK1represents -(CH2)3-N(H)- (CH2)2-, and m and n are such that the weight-average molecular mass of the compound of formula (VI) ranges from 5000 g.mol-1to 500000 g.mol-1. As amine polymer, mention may also be made of polytetrahydrofuran (or polytetramethylene glycol) α,ω-diamines and polybutadiene α,ω-diamines. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the (poly)amine compounds are chosen from hyperbranched polymers comprising at least one amino group and dendrimers bearing at least one amino group, such as PAMAM polyamidoamine dendrimers with an ethylenediamine core and a terminal amine function. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one (poly)amine compound other than the chitosan(s) iii), in particular chosen from aminoalkoxysilanes, polydimethylsiloxanes comprising primary amine groups at the end of the chain or on side chains, amodimethicones, polyglucosamines, spermidine and mixtures thereof. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises at least one (poly)amine compound other than the chitosan(s) iii), chosen from: ib) polyether diamines, in particular polyethylene glycol α,ω-diamines, bearing a chain-end amine function, ic) polyether triamines, in particular polyetheramines (or Jeffamine), id) aminoalkoxysilanes, in particular APTES, ie) polyamine compounds NH2-alk-NH2, in which alk denotes a divalent C2- C20 hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms chosen from -O-, -N(R)- with R denoting a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl radical, notably spermidine and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, and if) polydialkylsiloxanes comprising primary amine groups at the end of the chain or on side chains, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes comprising primary amine groups, more particularly bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethoxysiloxane) (PDMS-diNH2) and amodimethicones comprising amine groups on side chains, more particularly bis-cetearyl amodimethicone; B. Embodiment(s) of the composition Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises: a) at least one fatty phase comprising i) at least one compound of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, as defined previously; and ii) at least one fatty acid as defined previously, b) at least one aqueous phase comprising iii) at least one chitosan, at least one acid, preferably an organic acid, with a pKa of less than 5, and water. c) at least one pigment. In accordance with this preferred embodiment, the aqueous phase comprises at least one acid with a pKa of less than 5, in particular at least one carboxylic acid of formula (Q), as defined previously, with a pKa of less than 5. Preferably, the acid with a pKa of less than 5 is lactic acid. In accordance with this preferred embodiment, the aqueous phase preferentially has a pH of less than or equal to 6. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises: a) at least one fatty phase comprising at least one compound of formula (I) i) chosen from compounds (1), (3), (4), (7), (8), (9), and (11), in particular chosen from compounds (4) and (11) as described previously, and also the salts, isomers and solvates thereof; and at least one fatty acid corresponding to the structure R100-C(O)OH with R100 corresponding to an alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, b) at least one aqueous phase comprising iii) at least one chitosan, at least one C1-6 carboxylic acid of formula (Q), with a pKa of less than 5, preferably lactic acid, and water. c) at least one colouring agent iv) chosen from pigments. In accordance with this preferred embodiment, the fatty phase preferably comprises at least one compound of formula (I) i) chosen from compounds (4) and (11) and also the salts, isomers and solvates thereof; and ii) at least one fatty acid comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises: a) a content ranging from 0.5% to 50% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a fatty phase comprising at least one compound of formula (I) and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, as defined previously, and at least one fatty acid, preferably at least one liquid fatty acid, b) a content ranging from 40% to 99% by weight, more preferentially a content ranging from 80% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of said composition, of an aqueous phase comprising: water, in a content ranging from 70% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, chitosan, in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, and at least one organic acid, preferably at least one C1-C6 carboxylic acid of formula (Q), as defined previously, with a pKa of less than 5, in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, c) at least one pigment in a total content ranging from 0.05% to 20% by weight, preferentially from 0.1% to 15% by weight, better still from 0.5% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises: a) a content ranging from 0.5% to 50% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a fatty phase comprising at least one compound chosen from compounds (1), (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), (9) and (11), in particular compounds (4) and (11) as described previously, and also the salts, isomers and solvates thereof; and at least one liquid fatty acid corresponding to the structure R100-C(O)OH with R100 corresponding to an alkyl group comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, b) a content ranging from 40% to 99% by weight, more preferentially a content ranging from 80% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of said composition, of an aqueous phase comprising: water, in a content ranging from 70% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, chitosan, in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, and at least one organic acid, preferably at least one C1-C6 carboxylic acid of formula (Q), with a pKa of less than 5, in a content ranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase, c) at least one pigment in a total content ranging from 0.05% to 20% by weight, preferentially from 0.1% to 15% by weight, better still from 0.5% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. C. Process for preparing the composition The composition according to the invention may be prepared via a process known to those skilled in the art. More particularly, the process for preparing the oil- in-water emulsion comprises: a) the preparation, in a first container, of an aqueous solution of iii) at least one chitosan as defined previously; the aqueous solution of at least one chitosan also comprising at least one acid with a pKa of less than 5 as defined previously, b) the preparation, in a second container, of a mixture comprising at least one compound of formula (I), optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, as defined previously, and at least one fatty acid (ii) as defined previously, c) the addition of the mixture obtained in step b) to the aqueous solution obtained in step a) with controlled mechanical stirring. An exemplary process may consist in first dissolving at least one chitosan iii) in water, in the presence of at least one acid with a pKa of less than 5, with stirring at a temperature which may range from 20 to 45°C. An aqueous chitosan solution is thus obtained. In a thermostatically-controlled vessel and with controlled mechanical stirring, for instance by means of a rotor / stator, at least one compound of formula (I) i), as described previously, and at least one fatty acid ii) are mixed, preferably at room temperature (20°C) with stirring, until the fatty acid is dissolved. The mixture comprising at least one compound of formula (I) i) and at least one fatty acid ii) is then added slowly to the aqueous chitosan solution maintained under mechanical stirring at room temperature, for example under mechanical rotor / stator stirring at 2000 rpm for a period of 10 minutes. The pigment(s) can be dispersed in the resulting composition just before application. The optional additive(s), as described previously, are added to the aqueous and / or fatty phase prior to emulsification. Preferably, the additive(s) comprise glycerol. D. Process for treating keratin fibres As indicated above, a subject of the invention is also a process for the cosmetic treatment of keratin fibres, preferably human keratin fibres such as the hair. Preferably, the composition according to the invention is applied to wet or dry keratin fibres. Preferably, the process for the cosmetic treatment of keratin fibres comprises at least the application to said keratin fibres of at least one composition, in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion, as defined previously, comprising at least one pigment. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from compounds (1), (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), (9) and (11), in particular compounds (4) and (11) as described previously, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates. Preferably, the application step may be followed by at least one drying step. Preferably, the treatment process is a process for dyeing keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at least the application to said fibres of at least one composition, as defined previously, comprising at least one pigment. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from compounds (4) and (11) as described previously, and also the optical or geometrical isomers and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates. The composition may be applied to light or dark, natural or dyed, permed, bleached or relaxed, wet or dry keratin fibres. The step of applying the composition according to the invention may optionally be followed by a rinsing step. Preferably, the step of applying the composition according to the invention is followed by a rinsing step. E. Use The present invention also relates to the use of at least one composition as defined previously for the cosmetic treatment of keratin fibres, preferably human keratin fibres such as the hair. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from compounds (1), (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), (9) and (11), in particular compounds (4) and (11) as described previously, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates. Preferably, the invention also relates to the use of said composition for the treatment, preferably the dyeing, of keratin fibres, in particular of human keratin fibres such as the hair. Even more preferentially, the invention relates to the use of said composition for dyeing keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, as defined previously, comprising at least one pigment. The examples that follow serve to illustrate the invention without, however, being limiting in nature. Examples Synthesis of compound 4 of formula (I): The synthesis is represented by the following preparation scheme: [Chem 64] 50 g of castor oil (sold by the company Interchimie) and 25.40 g of tert-butyl acetoacetate are placed in a 250 mL SVL®reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer and a distillation column. The reaction medium is heated at 130°C on an oil bath. After 7 hours, the reaction medium is cooled, placed in a 250 ml pear- shaped flask and heated at 120°C under continuous vacuum on a rotavapor for 1 hour. Synthesis of compound 11 of formula (I): The synthesis is represented by the following preparation scheme: Step a): [Chem 75] Step b): [Chem 76]

[0114] In step a), 100 g of castor oil (sold by the company Interchimie), 17 g of 3- mercapto-1,2-propanediol (sold by the company Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 g of 2-hydroxy- 2-methylpropiophenone (sold by the company Sigma-Aldrich) are added to 20 mL of ethyl acetate in a 250 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, and stirred for 5 minutes under argon. The reaction medium is then irradiated under a UV lamp (100 W, 365 nm) for 4 hours and then washed three times with NaCl-saturated water. The organic phase is separated out, dried over MgSO4 and then concentrated under vacuum. The solvent and the traces of thiol and of photoinitiator (2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone) are removed by distillation under reduced pressure. In step b), 100 g of hydroxylated castor oil obtained in step a) and 99 g of tert-butyl acetoacetate are placed in a 250 ml round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The reaction medium is then heated at a temperature of 130°C on an oil bath (oil bath nominal temperature of 140°C). After 4 hours, the reaction medium is placed under continuous vacuum for 1 hour. A yellow viscous oil is obtained. Compounds tested: The formulations illustrated in the following examples were notably prepared using the following ingredients: - compound 4 prepared in accordance with the synthetic process described previously, - compound 11 prepared in accordance with the synthetic process described previously, - oleic acid as fatty acid, - chitosan sold under the trade name Kiosmetine - CSH (chitosan according to the invention - amine compound 1), - lactic acid as acid with a pKa of less than 5, - red iron oxide, CI 77491 as pigment, - glycerol as additive. I. Preparation of the test compositions 1. Preparation of the aqueous phase containing chitosan An aqueous chitosan solution is prepared by diluting an acidic solution of chitosan concentrated to 9% by weight and lactic acid to 5.8% by weight. The required amount of solution is collected and diluted with distilled water to achieve the desired chitosan concentration in the aqueous phase. 2. Formulation of the emulsion In a beaker, a mixture of the compound of formula (I) and oleic acid is prepared with magnetic stirring until the oleic acid is dissolved. The aqueous chitosan solution, prepared previously, is placed under controlled mechanical stirring at 500 rpm using a rotor / stator and at room temperature (20°C). The mixture of compound of formula (I) and oleic acid is then slowly introduced into the aqueous phase with rotor / stator stirring at 2000 rpm for a period of 10 minutes. An oil-in-water emulsion with a whitish appearance is thus obtained. 3. Compositions (oil-in-water emulsions) obtained The oil-in-water emulsions obtained according to the protocol described in sections I.1 and I.2 from the ingredients described previously are shown in Table 1 below; the amounts are indicated in weight percentages, unless otherwise stated: Table 1 4. Comparative compositions Two additional comparative compositions (CC1 and CC2) were also prepared and are described in Table 2 below: Table 2 Comparative composition CC1 is an oil-in-water emulsion comprising a non- functionalized castor oil (i.e. a compound not comprising an acetoacetate function of formula (I) according to the invention). Comparative composition CC2 comprises a compound (4), of formula (I) according to the invention (i.e. oil bearing acetoacetate functions), but is not an emulsion. Specifically, comparative composition CC2 was obtained by mixing the ingredients listed in Table 2 without emulsification (i.e. without oleic acid and without mechanical stirring at 2000 rpm). III. Evaluation of the persistence with respect to shampoo washing The compositions described previously are applied to locks of natural hair containing 90% white hair strands (N90%W), at a rate of 1 g of composition per gram of hair, and then, after application, the lock is dried using a hair dryer. The locks of hair thus dyed are then subjected to a test of several repeated shampoo washes (five shampoo washes) so as to evaluate the fastness (persistence) of the colouring obtained with respect to shampoo washing. The evaluations in terms of resistance to shampoo washing are thus performed 24 hours after applying the composition to the lock of hair. Persistence protocol: The persistence of the colour of the locks was evaluated in the CIE L*a*b* system, using a colorimeter (illuminant D65, angle 10°, specular component included). In this L*a*b* system, L* represents the intensity of the colour, a* indicates the green / red colour axis and b* the blue / yellow colour axis. The colour difference ΔE between the dyed locks is calculated with the L*a*b* values before shampoo washing (hair after dyeing) and after undergoing five shampoo washes, via the equation below. The ΔE value is calculated according to the following equation: In this equation, L*a*b* represent the values measured after dyeing the hair and after performing the shampoo washes (dyed hair subjected to five shampoo washes), and L0*a0*b0* represent the values measured on the lock after dyeing the hair but before shampoo washing (dyed hair before shampoo washing). Comparison of composition 2 and composition CC1: The evaluation results are summarized in Tables 3 and 4 below: Table 3 Table 4 The results show that composition 2 in accordance with the invention, comprising at least one compound of formula (I), significantly improves the colour persistence with respect to shampoo washing relative to a composition CC1. Comparison of composition 2 and composition CC2: The results of the evaluations of the persistence with respect to shampoo washing of the comparative composition CC2 and composition 2 according to the invention are summarized in Tables 5 and 6 below: Table 5 Table 6 The results show that composition 2 in accordance with the invention, in the form of an oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion, significantly improves the colour persistence with respect to shampoo washing, relative to a non-emulsified composition CC2. Comparison of composition 5 and composition 3 The results of the evaluations of the persistence with respect to shampoo washing of composition 5 according to the invention and composition 3 according to the invention are summarized in Tables 9 and 10 below: Table 9 Table 10 The results show that composition 5 in accordance with the invention, comprising an additive, in particular glycerol, in the aqueous phase, allows improved persistence with respect to shampoo washing relative to a similar composition not comprising such an additive.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion comprising: - i) one or more compounds of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof such as hydrates: (I) in which formula (I): - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or non- conjugated, acyclic or cyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic multivalent C2 to C40, in particular C3 to C36, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z possibly being interrupted with one or more groups or heteroatoms chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)-, (hetero)cycles, and combinations thereof; - AK1 represents a divalent saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, hydrocarbon-based chain; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1-C40 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- and / or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-; - AK3 represents a divalent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, even more preferentially C1-C4, hydrocarbon-based chain; - R represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6, preferably C1-C4, alkyl radical, in particular a methyl radical, or a radical -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; - X represents -O-, -S-, -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - Y represents -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - R4 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical, preferably a (C1-C4)alkyl group, in particular methyl or tert- butyl, more preferentially methyl; - Ra and Rb, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a (C1- C4)alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom;- p denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1; - m denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when m is greater than 1, then the radicals -Y-AK2 are identical or different; - n denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when n is greater than 1, then the radicals -(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u are identical or different; - t denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1; - q denotes an integer equal to 0 or 1; - u denotes an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; - v denotes an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; it being understood that if q is equal to 0 then t is equal to 0, that (m + n) is greater than or equal to 1, and that the compounds of formula (I) contain at least two groups -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; ii) one or more fatty acids, iii) at least chitosan, and iv) optionally one or more pigments, v) optionally one or more fatty substances other than the fatty acid(s) ii).

2. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the chitosan has a degree of acetylation of less than or equal to 30%, preferably less than or equal to 15%, more preferentially a degree of acetylation ranging from 1% to 10%.

3. Composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - Z represents the trivalent radical -CH2-CH- CH2-; - p is equal to 0; - n is equal to 0; - m is equal to 3; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C12-C24 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)- R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and epoxides, and combinations thereof, in particular -O-(CO)- or -C(O)-O-; - Y, AK3, v, R, X, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1;it being understood that the compounds contain at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4.

4. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 0; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, acyclic, multivalent C4 to C24, particularly C6 to C20, more particularly C14 to C20, in particular C17, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being optionally substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n; - n denotes an integer equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; it being understood that when n is greater than 1, then the radicals -(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u are identical or different; preferably, n is non-zero; - m is equal to 1; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C3-C8, in particular C4 or C6, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3-(O-C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O-, -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably not being interrupted; - Y, AK1, AK3, t, q, u, v, R, X, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4.

5. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 0; - n + m is equal to 4, m being non-zero; - Z represents an unsubstituted and uninterrupted, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, C2 to C24, particularly C3 to C10, in particular C3, tetravalent hydrocarbon-based radical; - AK2 independently represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C12-C24, preferably C16-C20, in particular C18,monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -X-AK3-(O-C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O- (hetero)cycle-, and preferably not being interrupted; - AK3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12, preferably C1-C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, even more preferentially C2- C4, better still C3, divalent hydrocarbon-based chain; - v is as defined in Claim 1; preferably, v is equal to 2; - X is as defined in Claim 1; preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, u, t, q, R, R4, Ra and Rb are as defined in Claim 1; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4.

6. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 1; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, multivalent C14 to C24, particularly C16 to C20, preferably C17, hydrocarbon- based radical, Z also being optionally substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t- (AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n, preferably being unsubstituted; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, in particular C20-C29, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR, -X-AK3-(O-C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)- , -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably being interrupted with - O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - X is as defined in Claim 1; preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, n, m, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4.

7. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are such that: - p is equal to 0; - m is non-zero; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or non- conjugated, preferably non-conjugated, acyclic or cyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic, preferably non-aromatic, divalent C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C12, hydrocarbon-based radical, said radical Z also being interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl(s), and combinations thereof; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C14-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably unsubstituted; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycles, and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O- (hetero)cycle-, preferably optionally interrupted with -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-, and more preferentially not being interrupted; - X is as defined in Claim 1 and preferably X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4.

8. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the following compounds of formula (Ia), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: Z-(Y-AK2)3 (Ia) in which formula (Ia): - Z represents -CH2-CH-CH2-; - AK2 independently denote a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C12-C24 monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or moreheteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and epoxides, and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)- and -C(O)-O-; - Y, AK3, v, R, X, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1; preferably, Y denotes - O-C(O); it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4.

9. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the following compounds of formula (Ib), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2 -Y) – Z – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Ib) in which formula (Ib): - n + m is equal to 4, m being non-zero; m and n being as defined in Claim 1; - Z represents an unsubstituted and uninterrupted, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C10 preferably C3, tetravalent hydrocarbon-based radical; - AK2 independently represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C12-C24, preferably C16-C20, preferably C18, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O- C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle-, and preferably not being interrupted; - AK3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12, preferably C1- C6, more preferentially saturated C1-C6, even more preferentially C2-C4, preferably C3, divalent hydrocarbon-based chain; - v is as defined in Claim 1; preferably, v is equal to 2; - X is as defined in Claim 1; preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, t, q, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4.

10. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the following compounds offormula (Ic), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2 -Y) – ZH – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Ic) in which formula (Ic): - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and acyclic, multivalent C14 to C24, particularly C16 to C20, such as C17, hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being optionally substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t-(AK1)q- (O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n, preferably unsubstituted; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C20-C29, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O- C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or (hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle, and preferably interrupted with -O- C(O)- or -C(O)-O-; - X is as defined in Claim 1 and preferably X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, n, m, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4.

11. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the following compounds of formula (Id), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2 -Y) – Z – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Id) in which formula (Id): - n + m is equal to 4, and preferably m is equal to 3; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated or acyclic, C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C10, in particular C4 or C5, tetravalent hydrocarbon-based radical, Z also being substituted with one or more radicals –[(O)t- (AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n, n preferably being equal to 1; - AK2 independently represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C16-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably substituted with one or more radicals -OR; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O- , -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, - C(O)-O- or (hetero)cycle-O-(hetero)cycle, and preferably not being interrupted; X is as defined in Claim 1 and preferably X denotes a sulfur atom; Y, AK1, AK3, v, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1, it being understood that these compounds contain at least two radicals -C(O)- C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4.

12. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the following compounds of formula (Ie), and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates: m(AK2-Y) – Z – [(O)t-(AK1)q-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)u]n (Ie) in which formula (Ie): - n + m is equal to 2, m being non-zero, and m preferably being equal to 2; n is as defined in Claim 1; preferably, n is zero; - Z represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, conjugated or non- conjugated, preferably non-conjugated, acyclic or cyclic, aromatic or non-conjugated, preferably non-aromatic, C2 to C24, in particular C3 to C12, divalent hydrocarbon-based radical, said radical Z also being interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -N(Ra)-, -S-, -C(O)-, (hetero)cycle(s), and combinations thereof; preferably, Z denotes a divalent radical -(CH2)g-(heterocycle)-O-(CH2)h-(heterocycle)- (CH2)j- in which h denotes 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, g and j independently denote an integer between 1 and 3, preferably 1; (heterocycle) denotes a divalent heterocyclic radical (i. e. a heterocycle), preferably a heterocycloalkyl radical, more particularly a divalent 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl radical, in particular a divalent tetrahydrofuran radical or a divalent tetrahydropyran radical, said heterocycle being optionally substituted with one or more radicals chosen from -OR with R as defined in Claim 1, and notably -OH or -O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; - AK2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, C14-C30, preferably C14-C24, preferably C17, monovalent hydrocarbon-based chain, said chain being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different radicals chosen from -OR and -X-AK3-(O-C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4)v, preferably unsubstituted; and / or said chain being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups chosen from -O-, -S-, -C(O)- and (hetero)cycles, andcombinations thereof, in particular -O-C(O)-, -C(O)-O- or -(hetero)cycle-O- (hetero)cycle-, preferably optionally interrupted with -O-C(O)- or -C(O)-O-, and more preferentially not being interrupted; - X is as defined in Claim 1; preferably, X denotes a sulfur atom; - Y, AK1, AK3, v, t, q, u, R, R4, Ra and Rb being as defined in Claim 1; it being understood that said compound contains at least two radicals C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)- C(O)-R4.

13. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from the following compounds, and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or the solvates thereof, such as hydrates:(14) with W being a hydrogen atom or -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4, and said compound containing at least two groups -C(O)-C(Ra)(Rb)-C(O)-R4; preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) are chosen from compounds (4) and (11) and also the optical or geometrical isomers thereof and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates.

14. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fatty acid(s) are chosen from compounds of structure R20-C(O)OH in which R20 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based groupcomprising from 5 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 29 carbon atoms, preferentially from 9 to 24 carbon atoms, better still from 11 to 19 carbon atoms; preferably, the fatty acid(s) are chosen from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, isostearic acid, isopalmitic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferentially oleic acid.

15. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises at least glycerol.

16. Cosmetic process for treating keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at least the application to said fibres of at least one composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 15.

17. Process according to Claim 16, characterized in that it is a process for dyeing keratin fibres, comprising at least the application to said fibres of at least one composition, as defined according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, comprising one or more pigments.

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