Battery management system and vehicle

Abstract

A battery management system and a vehicle. The battery management system comprises a battery pack and a heat exchange plate, wherein the heat exchange plate is configured to exchange heat with the battery pack, and the heat exchange plate is provided with a plurality of pairs of inlets and outlets; at least one flow channel is provided between the inlet and the outlet of the same pair and is in communication with the inlet and the outlet of the same pair; projections of all the flow channels in the heat exchange plate on the battery pack cover the battery pack; each inlet is configured to be in communication with an external phase-change working medium source; and the dryness of the phase-change working medium at each outlet is less than or equal to 0.93.

Description

Battery management system and vehicle

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on November 28, 2023, with application number 202311615823.0 and titled “Battery Management System and Vehicle,” the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this disclosure. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery management system and a vehicle including the battery management system. Background Art

[0004] During operation, the battery packs within the battery management system typically release heat. To minimize the impact of this heat on the battery packs, conventional techniques typically employ heat exchange plates within the battery tray, positioned adjacent to the battery packs. Coolant within the heat exchange plates absorbs the heat, thereby lowering the battery pack temperature.

[0005] However, during the actual operation of the battery management system, different areas of the battery pack usually release different amounts of heat. As the coolant flows through the flow channels in the heat exchange plate, the temperature of the coolant itself will gradually rise, thereby reducing the heat dissipation effect of the coolant and the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a battery management system that improves temperature uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency, and a vehicle including the battery management system. Specifically, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, comprising a battery pack and a heat exchange plate, wherein the heat exchange plate is used to exchange heat with the battery pack;

[0009] The heat exchange plate is provided with multiple pairs of inlets and outlets, and at least one flow channel is connected between the same pair of inlets and outlets. The projections of all the flow channels in the heat exchange plate on the battery pack cover the battery pack.

[0010] Each inlet is used to communicate with an external phase-change working fluid source, and the dryness of the phase-change working fluid at each outlet is less than or equal to 0.93.

[0011] The battery management system of the present application is configured with multiple pairs of inlets and outlets on the heat exchange plate, and flow channels are configured between the same pair of inlets and outlets, so that the heat exchange plate can dissipate heat to different areas of the battery pack through different flow channels, and the heat exchange plate can set different flow channels based on the heat production of different areas, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system of the present application.

[0012] At the same time, the battery management system of this application also limits the dryness of the phase-change fluid at each outlet to less than or equal to 0.93 to ensure that the liquid phase ratio of the phase-change fluid in the flow channel is maintained, thereby ensuring the heat absorption efficiency of the phase-change fluid in each area of ​​the battery pack within the corresponding flow channel. This improves the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate and the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system of this application.

[0013] In one embodiment, when the phase-change working fluid flows in the flow channel, the dryness of the phase-change working fluid at each outlet is greater than or equal to 0.2.

[0014] In one embodiment, the latent heat of vaporization of the phase-change medium between the same pair of inlets and outlets is Δh, and the mass flow rate of the phase-change medium between the same pair of inlets and outlets is Q m , the heat generation power of the part of the battery group contacted by at least one flow channel between the same pair of inlets and outlets is q;

[0015] The above parameters meet the conditions:

[0016] In one embodiment, the latent heat of vaporization Δh of the phase change medium between the same pair of inlet and outlet meets the following conditions: 1.5×10 5 J / kg≤Δh≤5×10 5 J / kg.

[0017] In one embodiment, the mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium between the same pair of inlet and outlet is m Conditions met: 0.0036kg / s≤Q m ≤0.15kg / s.

[0018] In one embodiment, the heat generation power q of the portion of the battery pack contacted by at least one flow channel between the same pair of inlets and outlets satisfies the condition: 300W≤q≤7000W.

[0019] In one embodiment, the density of the phase-change working fluid is ρ, and the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one flow channel between the same pair of inlet and outlet is S;

[0020] Among them, the mass flow rate Q of the phase change working fluid corresponding to the same pair of inlet and outlet m The conditions are met between the parameters ρ and S:

[0021] In one embodiment, the density ρ of the phase change working fluid satisfies the condition: 900 kg / m 3 ≤ρ≤1500kg / m 3 .

[0022] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area S of at least one flow channel between the same pair of inlet and outlet meets the following conditions: 2.1×10 -5 m 2 ≤S≤4.5×10 -4 m 2 .

[0023] In one embodiment, the projected area of ​​at least one flow channel between the same pair of inlet and outlet on the battery pack is A;

[0024] Among them, the mass flow rate Q of the phase change working fluid corresponding to the same pair of inlet and outlet m , the cross-sectional area S of the corresponding at least one flow channel, and the projected area A of the corresponding at least one flow channel satisfy the following conditions:

[0025] In one embodiment, the projected area A of at least one flow channel between the same pair of inlet and outlet on the battery pack satisfies the following condition: 0.06m 2 ≤A≤3.31m 2 .

[0026] In one embodiment, the phase-change working fluid has a first correction coefficient β1 and a second correction coefficient β2;

[0027] Among them, the mass flow rate Q of the phase change working fluid corresponding to the same pair of inlet and outlet m , the cross-sectional area A and projected area S of at least one corresponding flow channel, the heat generation power q of the corresponding partial battery pack, the density ρ of the phase change working fluid, and the first correction coefficient β1 and the second correction coefficient β2 satisfy the following conditions:

[0028] In one embodiment, the first correction coefficient β1 of the phase change working fluid is -6.8, and the second correction coefficient β2 is 492.5.

[0029] In one embodiment, the phase change working fluid includes 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane material.

[0030] In one embodiment, the heat generation power of the portion of the battery pack contacted by at least one flow channel between the same pair of inlets and outlets is q, and the total heat generation power generated by the battery pack is Q;

[0031] The above parameters meet the conditions:

[0032] In one embodiment, the total heat generation power Q generated by the battery pack satisfies the condition: 500W≤Q≤7500W.

[0033] In one embodiment, the battery management system includes 2 to 8 pairs of inlets and outlets.

[0034] In one embodiment, the battery management system further includes a flow control device connected between at least one inlet or at least one outlet and the phase change working fluid source, and the flow control device is used to control the mass flow of the phase change working fluid in the flow channel.

[0035] In one embodiment, the battery management system includes a first water collection channel and a second water collection channel, one end of the first water collection channel is connected to the phase change working fluid source, and the other end is connected to each inlet, and one end of the second water collection channel is connected to the phase change working fluid source, and the other end is connected to the outlet.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle including a battery management system.

[0037] It can be understood that the vehicle provided in the second aspect of the present application has the effect of improving temperature uniformity and improving heat dissipation efficiency because it adopts the battery management system provided in the first aspect of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery management system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery management system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG4 is another partial structural diagram of a battery management system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a partial top view of the battery management system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG6 is another partial top view schematic diagram of the battery management system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG7 is a schematic block diagram of a vehicle provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To facilitate understanding of the present application, a more comprehensive description of the present application will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of the present application.

[0046] The following descriptions of the embodiments are made with reference to the attached diagrams to illustrate specific embodiments that can be used to implement the present application. The serial numbers assigned to the components herein, such as "first, second", etc., are only used to distinguish the objects described and do not have any order or technical meaning. The "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application include direct and indirect connections (couplings) unless otherwise specified. The directional terms mentioned, such as "up, down, front, back, left, right, inside, "outside", side", etc., are only with reference to the directions of the attached drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the present application, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted, connected, and connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediary, or internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and so on, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish between different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "include," "may include," "contain," or "may include" used in this application indicate the presence of the corresponding functions, operations, components, and the like disclosed herein, and do not limit the presence of one or more additional functions, operations, components, and the like. Furthermore, the terms "include" or "contain" indicate the presence of the corresponding features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, and do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof, and are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0049] 7 , the vehicle 1000 provided in this application includes a battery management system 100. The battery management system 100 is used to provide electrical energy to the vehicle 1000 and drive the vehicle 1000 to operate.

[0050] It is understandable that in other embodiments, the battery management system 100 can also be applied to other scenarios, and this application does not impose any particular limitation on this.

[0051] Please refer to FIG1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system 100 provided in one embodiment of the present application, and FIG2 , which is a schematic exploded diagram of a battery management system 100 provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0052] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the battery management system 100 of the present application includes a battery tray 10 and a battery pack 20. The battery pack 20 includes a plurality of batteries 21, which are arranged side by side in the battery tray 10. The battery tray 10 is used to carry and protect the battery pack 20.

[0053] The battery pack 20 is used to electrically connect to an external circuit. It is understood that the chemical energy stored in the electrolyte (not shown) within each battery 21 within the battery pack 20 can be converted into electrical energy in conjunction with the remaining components within the battery 21 and output to the external circuit, thereby achieving the discharge function of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0054] On the other hand, the external circuit can also be connected to the remaining power sources so that the current in the remaining power sources can be transmitted to the battery 21 through the external circuit, and cooperate with the remaining structures in the battery 21 to convert electrical energy into chemical energy and store it in the electrolyte, thereby realizing the charging function of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0055] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the battery management system 100 of the present application further includes a heat exchange plate 30, which is housed within the battery tray 10 and disposed between the battery tray 10 and the battery pack 20, and is in contact with the surface of the battery pack 20. The heat exchange plate 30 is configured to communicate with an external phase-change fluid source so that the phase-change fluid within the external phase-change fluid source can enter the heat exchange plate 30 and absorb heat released by the battery pack 20, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack 20 and preventing high temperatures from affecting the activity of the electrolyte within the battery 21, as well as the service life of the battery 21.

[0056] That is, the provision of the heat exchange plate 30 can reduce the overall temperature of the battery pack 20, thereby ensuring the charge and discharge performance of the battery 21 and reducing the impact of high temperature on the service life of the battery 21. This further improves the service life and stability of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0057] For ease of description, in FIG1 and subsequent figures, the stacking direction of the heat exchange plates 30 and the battery pack 20 in the battery management system 100 is set to a first direction 001 , and the mutually perpendicular second direction 002 and third direction 003 are both perpendicular to the first direction 001 .

[0058] 1 and 2 , the batteries 21 in the battery pack 20 are arranged side by side along the second direction 002. It is understood that in other embodiments, the batteries 21 in the battery pack 20 may be arranged along a third direction 003 while being arranged side by side along the second direction 002.

[0059] In other embodiments, the heat exchange plate 30 is attached to the surface of the battery pack 20 away from the battery tray 10. This application does not impose any particular limitation on this.

[0060] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 for a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the battery management system 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to Figure 4 for another schematic diagram of the partial structure of the battery management system 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application, and please refer to Figure 5 for a schematic diagram of the partial top view of the battery management system 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] As shown in Figures 3-5, the heat exchange plate 30 is provided with multiple pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32. At least one flow channel 33 is connected between each pair of inlets 31 and outlets 32. Each inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is configured to communicate with an external phase-change working fluid source, allowing the phase-change working fluid in the phase-change working fluid source to enter the flow channel 33 through the inlet 31 and flow back to the phase-change working fluid source from the outlet 32 ​​along the flow channel 33.

[0062] In this application and subsequent embodiments, description of at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​refers to all flow channels 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​.

[0063] It can be understood that when the phase change working fluid flows through each flow channel 33, it can absorb the heat released by the battery pack 20 adjacent to each flow channel 33, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack 20, realizing the heat dissipation function of the heat exchange plate 30, and realizing the heat dissipation function of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0064] Along the first direction 001, the projection of the battery pack 20 on the heat exchange plate 30 is contained within the plurality of flow channels 33, so that each region of the battery pack 20 is close to the flow channels 33. Since a phase change medium flows through each flow channel 33, it is understandable that the arrangement of the flow channels 33 matches the arrangement of the battery pack 20, ensuring that the heat released by each region of the battery pack 20 is absorbed by the phase change medium. This avoids the situation where the temperature of a local region of the battery pack 20 is too high due to the limited arrangement range of the flow channels 33, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0065] During the actual operation of the battery management system 100 of the present application, each battery 21 within the battery pack 20 may have different temperatures in different regions along the second direction 002 and the third direction 003 due to its own structural configuration and the influence of the surrounding structure. As a result, different regions of the battery pack 20 exhibit different temperatures.

[0066] The heat exchange plate 30 is provided with multiple pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32 connected to the phase-change working fluid source, and each pair of inlets 31 and outlets 32 is provided with a flow channel 33. It is understood that the phase-change working fluid in different flow channels 33 in the heat exchange plate 30 can absorb heat released by different regions of the battery pack 20, thereby enabling the heat exchange plate 30 of the present application to dissipate heat from different regions of the battery pack 20 through different flow channels 33.

[0067] That is, the battery management system 100 of the present application can set different flow channels 33 between different pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32 so that each flow channel 33 can be matched with the heat generation of different areas of the battery pack 20. While ensuring the heat dissipation function of the phase change working fluid on each area of ​​the battery pack 20, the heat dissipation effect of the phase change working fluid on each area of ​​the battery pack 20 is ensured, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0068] At the same time, the dryness of the phase-change working fluid flowing out of each outlet 32 ​​is less than or equal to 0.93. Since the phase-change working fluid flowing in the flow channel 33 transforms from a liquid phase to a gas phase after absorbing a certain amount of heat, the proportion of liquid-to-gas conversion gradually increases as the amount of heat absorbed increases. The amount of heat that the gas-phase phase-change working fluid can further absorb is relatively low.

[0069] Specifically, the dryness refers to the mass ratio of the steam mass to the total mass. That is, in this application, the dryness of the phase-change working fluid flowing out of the outlet 32 ​​refers to the ratio between the mass of the phase-change working fluid in the gas phase and the total mass of the phase-change working fluid in the liquid and gas phases.

[0070] When the dryness of the phase-change fluid flowing out of outlet 32 ​​is greater than 0.93, the phase-change fluid in the end of flow channel 33 near outlet 32 ​​contains an excessively high content of gaseous phase-change fluid, resulting in relatively poor heat dissipation of the phase-change fluid in this portion of flow channel 33. It is even possible that portions of the flow channel 33 are entirely filled with gaseous phase-change fluid. This can make it difficult for the phase-change fluid to absorb local temperatures within the battery pack 20, resulting in excessive local heat. This can affect the service life and operational stability of the battery management system 100.

[0071] It can be understood that setting the dryness of the phase change fluid flowing out of each outlet 32 ​​to less than or equal to 0.93 can ensure the proportion of liquid phase of the phase change fluid in each flow channel 33, thereby ensuring the heat absorption efficiency of the phase change fluid to each area of ​​the battery pack 20 corresponding to each flow channel 33, improving the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate 30, and improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of this application.

[0072] Thus, compared to the prior art method of using a heat exchange plate with a single flow channel to dissipate heat from the battery pack, the battery management system 100 of the present application provides multiple pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32 within the heat exchange plate 30, and arranges flow channels 33 for the flow of phase-change fluid between the same pair of inlets 31 and outlets 32. This allows the heat exchange plate 30 to absorb heat released from different areas of the battery pack 20. Furthermore, the dryness of the phase-change fluid at each outlet 32 ​​is less than or equal to 0.93, ensuring the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate 30, thereby improving the temperature uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0073] In one embodiment, the dryness of the phase change fluid flowing out of each outlet 32 ​​should be greater than or equal to 0.07. It is understood that when the dryness of the phase change fluid flowing out of each outlet 32 ​​is greater than or equal to 0.07, each outlet 32 ​​can produce a phase change fluid in a vapor-liquid state, thereby improving the temperature uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100.

[0074] In one embodiment, the dryness of the phase-change working fluid flowing out of each outlet 32 ​​should also be greater than or equal to 0.2. It can be understood that the lower limit of the dryness of the phase-change working fluid flowing out of each outlet 32 ​​ensures the proportion of the phase-change working fluid in the gas phase in each flow channel 33, thereby ensuring that the heat absorbed by the phase-change working fluid in each flow channel 33 matches the heat of the corresponding battery pack 20, avoiding the phenomenon of excessive heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange plate 30 due to excessive phase-change working fluid, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the battery management system 100 of the present application while ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0075] Specifically, in one embodiment, the latent heat of vaporization of the phase-change working fluid between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is Δh. The latent heat of vaporization Δh can be determined by detecting the pressure and temperature environment of the phase-change working fluid at outlet 32 ​​and comparing them with a physical property table. Specifically, when detecting the latent heat of vaporization of the phase-change working fluid at outlet 32, a barometer can be used to detect the air pressure of the environment in which the phase-change working fluid is located at the outlet. A thermometer can be used to detect the temperature of the environment in which the phase-change working fluid is located at the outlet.

[0076] The mass flow rate of the phase change medium between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is Q m . Wherein the mass flow rate Q m The mass of the phase-change medium flowing into the inlet 31 per unit time can be obtained.

[0077] The heat generation power of the portion of the battery pack 20 contacted by at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is q. Since the battery pack 20 generates heat during operation, this heat is transferred to the heat exchange plate 30 through the contact surface between the battery pack 20 and the heat exchange plate 30. This heat then diffuses in all directions along the plane of the contact surface, making the surface of the battery pack 20 near the heat exchange plate 30 a heat-generating surface.

[0078] The heat exchange plate 30 has multiple flow channels 33, each spaced apart from the others. When heat is transferred to the surface of the battery pack 20 that each flow channel 33 contacts, the heat from that surface is absorbed by that flow channel 33. For all flow channels 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32, that portion of the flow channel 33 contacts a portion of the battery pack 20. Accordingly, the heat generation power q represents the amount of heat generated by the battery pack in that portion per unit time.

[0079] The heat generation power q can be obtained through electrochemical model simulation or thermal balance experiments on the battery pack 20. Specifically, when obtaining data on the heat generation power q, it is necessary to ensure that no phase change medium exists within the heat exchange plate 30 to prevent the phase change medium from affecting the measurement results of the heat generation power q in various regions of the battery pack 20.

[0080] The above parameters meet the conditions:

[0081] Among them, Δh, Q in the above formula m The values ​​of and q are all data obtained for the phase change medium or at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32. That is, the values ​​in the above formula are all for the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32, rather than the values ​​between the inlet 31 of one pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​and the outlet 32 ​​of another pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32.

[0082] Specifically, the above formula represents the ratio between the heat absorbed by the phase-change fluid in at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​and the heat generated by the corresponding portion of the battery pack 20. In other words, the above formula represents the matching relationship between the heat dissipation capacity of the phase-change fluid in at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​and the heat generated by the portion of the battery pack 20 corresponding to that flow channel 33.

[0083] When the above formula is greater than 5, the dryness of the phase change fluid at the corresponding outlet 32 ​​is less than 0.2, resulting in a relatively small proportion of the gas phase phase change fluid in the corresponding flow channel 33, and the content of the liquid phase phase change fluid does not match the heat generated by the part of the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channel 33, resulting in excessive heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange plate 30, resulting in an increase in the manufacturing cost of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0084] When the above formula is less than 1.1, the dryness of the phase change fluid at the corresponding outlet 32 ​​is greater than 0.93, resulting in a relatively large proportion of the gas phase phase change fluid in the corresponding flow channel 33, and the content of the liquid phase phase change fluid does not match the heat generated by the part of the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channel 33, resulting in poor heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange plate 30, which makes it difficult for the heat in some areas of the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channel 33 to be absorbed and cooled in time, affecting the service life and stability of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0085] Therefore, limiting the value of the above formula to between 1.1 and 5 can ensure that the heat dissipation capacity of the phase change medium in the flow channel 33 and the heat generated by the partial area of ​​the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channel 33 can match each other, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application and reducing the manufacturing cost of the battery management system 100 of the present application, while also improving the temperature uniformity of each area of ​​the battery pack 20 corresponding to each flow channel 33.

[0086] It is understood that in other embodiments, when verifying the heat dissipation performance of the heat exchange plate 30, heating blocks may be installed on the heat exchange plate 30 to dissipate heat from various areas of the battery pack 20. The projection of each heating block on the heat exchange plate 30 should be contained within at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32. Accordingly, the heating power of each heating block corresponds to the heat generation power of a portion of the battery pack 20. In other embodiments, the heating blocks can be replaced with heating films, which is not specifically limited in this application.

[0087] In one embodiment, the latent heat of vaporization Δh of the phase change medium between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​satisfies the following condition: 1.5×10 5J / kg≤Δh≤5×10 5 J / kg. The latent heat of vaporization characterizes the ability of the working medium to absorb heat when it changes from liquid phase to gas phase. When the latent heat of vaporization of the phase change working medium is less than 1.5×10 5 When the phase change working fluid has a relatively weak ability to absorb heat, it may be vaporized after absorbing a relatively small amount of heat. The latent heat of vaporization Δh of the phase change working fluid between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​refers to the latent heat of vaporization Δh of the phase change working fluid between any pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32, not the latent heat of vaporization Δh of the phase change working fluid between the inlet 31 of one pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​and the outlet 32 ​​of another pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32.

[0088] That is, under the premise of ensuring that the dryness of the phase change fluid flowing out of the outlet 32 ​​remains unchanged, if the latent heat of vaporization is too small, the phase change fluid flowing in the flow channel 33 will be able to absorb relatively little heat, thereby resulting in a relatively poor heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange plate 30, affecting the heat dissipation effect of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0089] In one embodiment, the mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is m Conditions met: 0.0036kg / s≤Q m ≤0.15kg / s. Among them, when the mass flow rate of the phase change working fluid in the flow channel 33 is less than 0.0036kg / s, the flow rate of the phase change working fluid in the flow channel 33 is too small, resulting in a high degree of vaporization of the phase change working fluid after absorbing heat, and insufficient subsequent heat absorption capacity, thereby reducing the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate 30. At the same time, if the mass flow rate is too small, it will also cause the mass of the phase change working fluid in the flow channel 33 to be relatively small per unit time, resulting in relatively poor heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchange plate 30, resulting in relatively poor heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application. Among them, the mass flow rate Q of the phase change working fluid between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 m Refers to the mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium between any pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 m , rather than the mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium between the inlet 31 of one pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​and the outlet 32 ​​of the other pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 m .

[0090] As the phase-change fluid flows through the flow channel 33, it is also affected by the flow resistance of the flow channel 33 itself, which slows down the flow rate of the phase-change fluid. When the mass flow rate of the phase-change fluid in the flow channel 33 exceeds 0.15 kg / s, the flow rate of the phase-change fluid in the flow channel 33 is too high. As the phase-change fluid flows through the entire flow channel 33, the power consumed by the phase-change fluid due to the flow resistance increases, thereby increasing the power required to inject the phase-change fluid into the heat exchange plate 30.

[0091] Therefore, limiting the mass flow rate of the phase-change fluid to between 0.0036 kg / s and 0.15 kg / s can reduce the power loss of the phase-change fluid within the flow channel 33 while further improving the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate 30, thereby further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application. Furthermore, controlling the mass flow rate allows the phase-change fluid within each flow channel 33 to match the heat of the corresponding region of the battery pack 20, thereby further improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0092] In one embodiment, the heat generation power q of the portion of the battery pack 20 contacted by at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​satisfies the condition: 300W ≤ q ≤ 7000W. When the heat generation power of the portion of the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channel 33 is less than 300W, the phase change fluid within the flow channel 33 corresponding to that region, after absorbing heat from that region, evaporates at a relatively low rate. In other words, the phase change fluid within the flow channel 33 corresponding to that region has excess heat dissipation capacity.

[0093] However, when the heat generation power of a part of the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channel 33 is greater than 7000W, the heat absorption capacity of the phase change working fluid in the flow channel 33 corresponding to the area is insufficient to absorb the heat of the area, resulting in the heat of the area being difficult to be absorbed, thereby causing the temperature of the area to be too high, affecting the service life and stability of the battery management system 100.

[0094] Therefore, limiting the heat generation power of the portion of the battery pack 20 contacted by each flow channel 33 to between 300W and 7000W ensures that the heat dissipation capacity of the phase-change fluid within each flow channel 33 matches the heat generation capacity of the corresponding region, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate 30 and further enhancing the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application. Furthermore, controlling the range of heat generation power of each region of the battery pack 20 also ensures that the phase-change fluid within each flow channel 33 matches the heat generation capacity of the corresponding region of the battery pack 20, further improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0095] In one embodiment, the density of the phase change medium is ρ, and the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is S. The mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium corresponding to the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is m The conditions are met between the parameters ρ and S:

[0096] Specifically, the above formula represents the flow rate of the phase-change fluid within the portion of flow channel 33 where only the liquid phase of the phase-change fluid exists. When the above formula is less than 0.06 m / s, the liquid phase flow rate of the phase-change fluid is too low, resulting in a low heat dissipation capacity of the phase-change fluid, thereby reducing the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate 30. Furthermore, a low flow rate also results in a relatively small mass of the phase-change fluid flowing through the flow channel 33 per unit time, resulting in relatively poor heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchange plate 30 and, consequently, relatively poor heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0097] When the above formula is greater than 0.8 m / s, the flow velocity of the phase-change working fluid in the flow channel 33 is too fast. In the process of the phase-change working fluid flowing through the entire flow channel 33, the power consumed by the phase-change working fluid due to the flow resistance increases, thereby increasing the power required for injecting the phase-change working fluid into the heat exchange plate 30.

[0098] Therefore, the mass flow rate of the phase change medium is limited to between 0.06m / s and 0.8m / s. This can further improve the heat dissipation effect of the heat exchange plate 30 while reducing the power loss of the phase change medium in the flow channel 33. This further improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application. At the same time, the control of the flow rate of the phase change medium also enables the mass of the phase change medium flowing through each flow channel 33 per unit time to match the heat of each area of ​​the corresponding battery pack 20, thereby further improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0099] In one embodiment, the density ρ of the phase change working fluid satisfies the condition: 900 kg / m 3 ≤ρ≤1500kg / m 3 .

[0100] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area S of at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​satisfies the following condition: 2.1×10 -5 m 2 ≤S≤4.5×10 -4 m 2 When the cross-sectional area S is less than 2.1×10 -5 m 2 When the heat exchange plate 30 is heated, the mass of the phase-changing medium in the flow channel 33 will be reduced, thereby reducing the heat dissipation effect and heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchange plate 30.

[0101] When the cross-sectional area S is greater than 4.5×10 -4 m 2Since the contact area between the battery pack 20 and the heat exchange plate 30 remains unchanged, it is understandable that the increase in cross-sectional area S will cause the spacing between the flow channels 33 in the first direction 001 to increase, thereby increasing the thickness of the heat exchange plate 30. This will increase the manufacturing cost of the heat exchange plate 30 while reducing the space occupied by the battery pack 20 in the battery tray 10, resulting in a decrease in the capacity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0102] On the other hand, the increase in cross-sectional area S may also cause the width of the flow channel 33 in the second direction 002 or the third direction 003 to become wider, thereby reducing the flow rate of the phase-change medium in the flow channel 33 and reducing the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchange plate 30.

[0103] Therefore, the cross-sectional area S is limited to 2.1×10 -5 m 2 and 4.5×10 -4 m 2 The heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application can be improved while reducing the manufacturing cost of the heat exchange plate 30. At the same time, the space occupied by the battery pack 20 in the battery management system 100 can be guaranteed, thereby ensuring the capacity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0104] In one embodiment, the projected area of ​​at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​on the battery pack 20 is A;

[0105] The mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium corresponding to the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is m , the corresponding cross-sectional area S of the flow channel 33, and the corresponding projected area A of the flow channel 33 satisfy the following conditions:

[0106] Specifically, the above formula represents the convective heat transfer capacity of the heat exchange plate 30. When the above formula is greater than or equal to 340 kg / s, it indicates that the convective heat transfer capacity of the heat exchange plate 30 is too strong, resulting in a mismatch between the heat absorption capacity of the phase change medium flowing within the heat exchange plate 30 and the corresponding heat of the battery pack 20, resulting in excessive heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange plate 30.

[0107] In other words, setting the above formula to less than 340 kg / s ensures that the heat absorbed by the phase-change fluid in each flow channel 33 matches the heat of the corresponding battery pack 20, avoiding the phenomenon of excessive heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange plate 30 due to excessive phase-change fluid. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the battery management system 100 while ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0108] In one embodiment, the projection area A of at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​on the battery pack 20 satisfies the following condition: 0.06m 2 ≤A≤3.31m 2 When the projected area A is less than 0.06m 2 When the heat is discharged, the convection heat exchange area between the single flow channel 33 and the battery pack 20 is reduced, which may cause the heat absorption capacity of the phase change medium in the flow channel 33 to be mismatched with the heat generation of the battery pack 20 in the corresponding area, thereby reducing the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0109] The flow resistance based on the flow channel 33 increases with the increase of the length of the flow channel 33. When the projected area A is greater than 3.31m 2 When , the length of the flow channel 33 is relatively long, which leads to an increase in the flow resistance of the flow channel 33 and an increase in the power consumed by the phase change medium when flowing through the flow channel 33.

[0110] It can be understood that the limitation of the projected area range can reduce the power required by the phase change fluid source to inject the phase change fluid into the heat exchange plate 30, and can also ensure that the heat absorption capacity of the phase change fluid in the flow channel 33 matches the heat generation of the battery pack 20 in the corresponding area, thereby improving the temperature uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0111] In one embodiment, the phase-change working fluid has a first correction coefficient β1 and a second correction coefficient β2;

[0112] The mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium corresponding to the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is m , the corresponding cross-sectional area A and projected area S of the flow channel 33 , the corresponding heat generation power q of the partial battery pack 20 , the density ρ of the phase change working fluid, and the first correction coefficient β1 and the second correction coefficient β2 satisfy the following conditions:

[0113] Specifically, the above formula represents the theoretical difference between the temperature of the surface of a portion of the battery pack 20 in contact with the corresponding flow channel 33 and the temperature of the phase-change working fluid at the inlet 31 of the flow channel 33. It will be appreciated that this difference reflects the temperature difference between the battery pack 20 and the phase-change working fluid.

[0114] When the theoretical temperature difference between each zone is controlled to be between 3.2°C and 30°C, the temperature difference between the contact surfaces of the battery pack 20 and the heat exchange plate 30 can be kept within 27°C. As can be appreciated, controlling the theoretical temperature difference between each zone can reduce the temperature difference range between each zone of the battery pack 20, further improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0115] In one embodiment, the first correction coefficient β1 of the phase change working fluid is -6.8, and the second correction coefficient β2 is 492.5.

[0116] In one embodiment, the phase change working fluid includes 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Specifically, the phase change working fluid includes R410a and R134yf.

[0117] In one embodiment, the heat generation power of the portion of the battery pack 20 contacted by at least one flow channel 33 between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is q, and the total heat generation power generated by the battery pack 20 is Q. The total heat generation power Q can also be obtained using electrochemical model simulation or by conducting a thermal balance experiment on the battery pack 20. Specifically, when obtaining data on the total heat generation power Q, it is necessary to ensure that no phase change medium is present within the heat exchange plate 30 to prevent the phase change medium from affecting the detection result of the total heat generation power Q of the battery pack 20.

[0118] The above parameters meet the conditions:

[0119] Specifically, the above formula represents the criteria for dividing the various regions of the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channels 33. It is understood that when the above formula is less than 0.1, some regions of the battery pack 20 may release too little heat. This may result in a mismatch between the heat absorption capacity of the phase change fluid within the flow channels 33 and the heat released in these regions, leading to excessive heat dissipation by the heat exchange plate 30.

[0120] When the above formula is greater than 0.9, the heat released by the battery pack 20 in some areas may be too high, which may cause the heat absorption capacity of the phase change medium in the flow channel 33 to not match the heat released in the area, thereby causing high temperature in local areas of the battery pack 20.

[0121] Therefore, limiting the range of the above formula to between 0.1 and 0.9 further ensures the mutual matching between the heat absorption capacity of the phase change medium in the flow channel 33 and the heat released in this area, thereby further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0122] It is understandable that in other embodiments, when using heating blocks or heating films to verify the heat dissipation performance of the heat exchange plate 30 , the sum of the heating powers of all heating blocks or heating films is the total heat generation power of the battery pack 20 .

[0123] In one embodiment, the total heat generation power generated by the battery pack 20 is Q, wherein the total heat generation power Q generated by the battery pack 20 satisfies the condition: 500W≤Q≤7500W.

[0124] In one embodiment, the battery management system 100 of the present application includes 2 to 8 pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32. It is understood that when the number of pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32 is less than 2, the flow channels 33 may not effectively dissipate heat from the entire surface of the battery pack 20, potentially reducing localized high temperatures in the battery pack 20, thereby affecting the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application. Furthermore, when the number of pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32 is greater than 8, the manufacturing cost of the entire heat exchange plate 30 and the cost of controlling the phase change medium in each flow channel 33 within the heat exchange plate 30 increase.

[0125] Therefore, limiting the number of pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32 to 2 to 8 pairs can reduce the manufacturing cost and control cost of the heat exchange plate 30 while improving the temperature uniformity of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0126] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 3-5, the battery management system 100 of the present application also includes a flow control device 40, which is connected between at least one inlet 31 or at least one outlet 32 ​​and the phase change working fluid source, and the flow control device 40 is used to control the mass flow of the phase change working fluid in the flow channel 33.

[0127] It can be understood that the setting of the flow control device 40 enables the flow of the phase change working medium in each flow channel 33 to match the heat of the partial area of ​​the battery pack 20 corresponding to the flow channel 33, thereby further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0128] In one embodiment, the number of flow control devices 40 matches the number of pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32 , so that each flow control device 40 can control the flow rate of the phase-change medium in the flow channel 33 between each pair of inlets 31 and outlets 32 .

[0129] Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , the battery management system 100 of the present application includes three pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32, and three flow control devices 40. One end of each flow control device 40 is connected to an inlet 31, and the other end is connected to a phase-change fluid source. In other words, the phase-change fluid input from the external phase-change fluid source passes through the flow control device 40 and then is input from the inlet 31 into the flow channel 33.

[0130] It is understandable that in other embodiments, the flow control device 40 may also be disposed between the outlet 32 ​​and the phase-change working fluid source, which is not particularly limited in this application.

[0131] Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is another partial top view schematic diagram of the battery management system provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0132] As shown in Figure 6, the battery management system 100 of the present application further includes a first water collection channel 34 and a second water collection channel 35. One end of the first water collection channel 34 is connected to the phase change working fluid source, and the other end is connected to each inlet 31. One end of the second water collection channel 35 is connected to the phase change working fluid source, and the other end is connected to each outlet 32.

[0133] There are two flow control devices 40, which are arranged between two of the three inlets 31 and the first water collection channel 34. It can be understood that the provision of two flow control devices 40 can achieve flow control of the phase change medium in the flow channel 33 between the three pairs of inlets 31 and outlets 32.

[0134] It is understood that in other embodiments, the relationship between each inlet 31 and each outlet 32 ​​can be other. At the same time, the number and location of the flow control device 40 can also be other. This application does not impose any particular restrictions on this.

[0135] In one embodiment, since the heat generated by the battery 21 during operation of the battery pack 20 may be absorbed by external structures such as the battery tray 10 , the unit heat generation in different areas of the battery pack 20 spaced apart from each other may be within the same range.

[0136] Multiple flow channels 33 are provided between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32, and the unit heat output of each region of the battery pack 20 corresponding to each flow channel 33 provided between the same pair of inlet 31 and outlet 32 ​​is within the same range. As can be appreciated, the provision of multiple flow channels 33 enables the phase change fluid flowing from a single inlet 31 to directly dissipate heat in multiple regions with the same unit heat output. This further improves the temperature uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency of the battery management system 100 of the present application.

[0137] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0138] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment, some embodiments, exemplary embodiments, examples, specific examples, or some examples" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0139] It should be understood that the application of this application is not limited to the above examples. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the scope of protection of the claims appended to this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that implementing all or part of the processes of the above embodiments and making equivalent changes in accordance with the claims of this invention still fall within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A battery management system (100), characterized in that: It comprises a battery pack (20) and a heat exchange plate (30), wherein the heat exchange plate (30) is used to exchange heat with the battery pack (20); The heat exchange plate (30) is provided with a plurality of pairs of inlets (31) and outlets (32), at least one flow channel (33) is connected between the same pair of inlets (31) and outlets (32), and the projections of all the flow channels (33) in the heat exchange plate (30) on the battery pack (20) cover the battery pack (20); Each of the inlets (31) is used to communicate with an external phase-change working fluid source. When the phase-change working fluid flows in the flow channel (33), the dryness of the phase-change working fluid at each of the outlets (32) is less than or equal to 0.

93.

2. The battery management system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a phase-change working medium flows in the flow channel (33), the dryness of the phase-change working medium at each outlet (32) is greater than or equal to 0.

2.

3. The battery management system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: For the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32), the latent heat of vaporization of the phase-changing medium between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is Δh, and the mass flow rate of the phase-changing medium between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is Q m , the heat generation power of the portion of the battery pack (20) contacted by the at least one flow channel (33) between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is q; The above parameters meet the following conditions:

4. The battery management system (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that: The latent heat of vaporization Δh of the phase change medium between the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) satisfies the condition: 1.5×10 5 J / kg≤Δh≤5×10 5 J / kg.

5. The battery management system (100) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium between the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) of the same pair m Satisfying conditions: 0.0036kg / s≤Q m ≤0.15kg / s.

6. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The heat generation power q of the portion of the battery pack (20) contacted by the at least one flow channel (33) between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) satisfies the condition: 300W≤q≤7000W.

7. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The density of the phase-changing working fluid is ρ, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the at least one flow channel (33) between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is S; The mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium corresponding to the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is m The conditions are satisfied between the parameters ρ and S:

8. The battery management system (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that: The density ρ of the phase change medium meets the condition: 900kg / m 3 ≤ρ≤1500kg / m 3 .

9. The battery management system (100) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area S of the at least one flow channel (33) between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) satisfies the condition: 2.1×10 -5 m 2 ≤S≤4.5×10 -4 m 2 .

10. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The projection area of ​​the at least one flow channel (33) between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) on the battery pack (20) is A; The mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium corresponding to the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is m , the corresponding cross-sectional area S of the at least one flow channel (33), and the corresponding projection area A of the at least one flow channel (33) satisfy the following conditions:

11. The battery management system (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that: The projection area A of the at least one flow channel (33) between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) on the battery pack (20) satisfies the condition: 0.06 m 2 ≤A≤3.31m 2 .

12. The battery management system (100) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The phase-change working fluid has a first correction coefficient β1 and a second correction coefficient β2; The mass flow rate Q of the phase change medium corresponding to the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is m , the corresponding cross-sectional area A and the projected area S of the at least one flow channel, the corresponding heat generation power q of the battery pack (20), the density ρ of the phase change working fluid, and the first correction coefficient β1 and the second correction coefficient β2 satisfy the following conditions:

13. The battery management system (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first correction coefficient β1 of the phase change working fluid is -6.8, and the second correction coefficient β2 is 492.

5.

14. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The phase change working fluid includes 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane material.

15. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The heat generation power of the portion of the battery pack (20) contacted by the at least one flow channel (33) between the same pair of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) is q, and the total heat generation power generated by the battery pack (20) is Q; The above parameters meet the following conditions:

16. The battery management system (100) according to claim 15, characterized in that: The total heat generation power Q generated by the battery pack (20) satisfies the condition: 500W≤Q≤7500W.

17. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The battery management system (100) comprises 2 to 8 pairs of the inlet (31) and the outlet (32).

18. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: The battery management system (100) further comprises a flow control device (40), wherein the flow control device (40) is connected between at least one of the inlets (31) and the phase change working fluid source, or the flow control device (40) is connected between at least one of the outlets (32) and the phase change working fluid source, and the flow control device (40) is used to control the mass flow of the phase change working fluid in the flow channel (33).

19. The battery management system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that: The battery management system (100) comprises a first water collection channel (34) and a second water collection channel (35); one end of the first water collection channel (34) is connected to a phase change working fluid source, and the other end is connected to each of the inlets (31); one end of the second water collection channel (35) is connected to the phase change working fluid source, and the other end is connected to each of the outlets (32).

20. A vehicle (1000), characterized in that: The invention comprises a battery management system (100) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19.

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