Organic compound, solar cell, and use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to an organic compound, a solar cell, and a use thereof. The organic compound is as represented by formula (1): wherein Ar is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group the number of ring-forming atoms of which is 6-50, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group the number of ring-forming atoms of which is 5-50, a group represented by formula (A), and a group represented by formula (B), wherein Ar' is selected from an electrically neutral organic group, and L is selected from an alkylene group the number of carbon atoms of which is 1-10; R1 is an oxyacid group; and n1 is selected from any integer of 1-3, and m1 is selected from any integer of 1-10. Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxyacid radical salt of the compound represented by formula (1). The organic compound can be used not only as a passivation material, but also as a hole transport material, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar cell when being applied to the preparation of the solar cell.

Description

Organic compounds, solar cells and their applications

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202311596550.X, filed on November 27, 2023, entitled “Organic Compounds, Solar Cells and Their Applications,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to an organic compound, a solar cell and applications thereof. Background Art

[0004] Perovskite solar cells have many characteristics such as excellent photoelectric properties, high light absorption coefficient, long carrier lifetime and long diffusion length, and have become the leader among the third generation of new solar cells.

[0005] However, on the one hand, there are generally defects in the bulk phase and surface interface of perovskite materials. For example, perovskite films prepared by solution method usually produce grain boundary defects and crystal defects. These defects not only lead to a decline in crystal quality and affect the transport of carriers, but also accelerate the penetration of water / oxygen and accelerate the degradation of perovskite, thereby adversely affecting the efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. On the other hand, traditional hole transport layer materials are unstable and have too many defects, which will also reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells.

[0006] Therefore, traditional technologies still need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to various embodiments of the present application, the present application provides an organic compound, a solar cell, and applications thereof, aiming to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0008] This application is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] In a first aspect of the present application, an organic compound is provided, wherein the organic compound is represented by formula (1):

[0010] Wherein, Ar is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a group represented by formula (A) and a group represented by formula (B):

[0011] Ar' is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0012] Ar1 to Ar6 are independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkane group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and at least one of Ar4 to Ar6 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms;

[0013] L is selected from a chain alkane subunit having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;

[0014] R1 is an oxyacid group; n1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, and m1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 10;

[0015] Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0016] When the above organic compound is used to prepare a solar cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell can be improved. The above organic compound organically combines Ar, Ar', L and R1 with a specific group structure to form a compound of formula (1) or further forms an oxygen-containing acid salt, Ar is a terminal group, L is a connecting group L, and R1 is a head group. When the organic compound is used to prepare a solar cell, the terminal group Ar with an aromatic group causes the organic compound molecules to generate π-π interactions through the π bonds of the aromatic group, inducing the molecules to form an ordered self-assembled molecular film, R1 can combine with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, or can anchor the hole transport layer, or can have a hydrogen bond interaction with the A-position cation in the perovskite, thereby playing a role in passivating the metal ions, and L plays a role in reducing spatial steric hindrance. At the same time, a second aromatic group Ar' is introduced between the terminal group Ar and the connecting group L, and on the basis of maintaining a small change in the molecular energy level of the organic compound, the dipole of the organic compound is improved, so that the work function of the molecular film formed after the organic compound self-assembles is more compatible with the perovskite layer. When used to prepare a solar cell, a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be obtained.

[0017] In some embodiments, each occurrence of Ar' is independently selected from any one or any combination of the following groups Ar'1 to Ar'7:

[0018] Among them, Y a ~Y fEach independently selected from -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, -Si(R6R7)-, -P(R8)-, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR9)-, -C(=CR 10 )-any one;

[0019] Each occurrence of Z1 to Z7 is independently selected from C(R 11 ) or N;

[0020] R2~R 11 are independently selected from H, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, -OC(=O)R 12 、-NHC(=O)R 13 、-N(R 14 )2, -L1N + (R 15 )3X1 - 、-L2P + (R 16 )3X2 - ;

[0021] L1 and L2 are independently selected from any one of a single bond and an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R 12 ~R 16 are independently selected from or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 12 ~R 13 Not for; X1 - and X2 - are independently selected from halogen ions;

[0022] * indicates the attachment site.

[0023] In some embodiments, Ar' satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (3):

[0024] (1)Y a ~Y f Each independently selected from any one of -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, -Si(R6R7)-, -P(R8)- and -S-;

[0025] (2)R2~R 10 Each of them is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;

[0026] (3)R11 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0027] In some embodiments, each occurrence of Ar' is independently selected from any one or more combinations of the following groups:

[0028] * indicates the attachment site.

[0029] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of the groups formed by removing a hydrogen atom from the structures shown in Formula (A) to Formula (G):

[0030] Wherein, X1 to X6 are independently selected from a single bond, C(R 24 R 25 ), O, S, N, NR 26 , C=O or S=O, and X1 and X2 are not single bonds at the same time, X3 and X4 are not single bonds at the same time, and X5 and X6 are not single bonds at the same time; y is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, and when y≥2, X1 is selected from C(R 24 R 25 );

[0031] Each occurrence of Y1 is independently selected from CR 27 or N;

[0032] Y2 to Y6 are each independently selected from C(R 28 R 29 ), O, S, N, NR 30 , any one of C=O or S=O;

[0033] R 17 ~R 30 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 31 )2、-CONR 32 、-OCOR 33 , any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0034] R 31 ~R 33Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkane group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, and R 32 and R 33 Not H or D;

[0035] Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0036] m2, m3 and m5 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 4, m4, m6 and m7 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 6, and m8 and m9 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 2.

[0037] In some embodiments, in formula (C), X1 is a single bond, X2 is selected from NR 26 When there is at least one R 17 Or at least one R 18 Not for H.

[0038] In some embodiments, Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from H or any one of the following structures:

[0039] Wherein: Y7 to Y9 are independently selected from CR 28 R 29 , any one of O, S, S=O, C=O;

[0040] Each Z8~Z 14 Each occurrence is independently selected from CR 29 or N, and Z8~Z in the same structural formula 14 Not all N at the same time;

[0041] R 34 ~R 36 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0042] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of the following groups:

[0043] Among them, R 37 ~R65 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2、-CONR 67 、-OCOR 68 , any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; R 66～ R 68 Each of the following is independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0044] m 10 ~m 11 、m 14 、m 19 ~m 20 and m 23 are independently selected from any integer from 1 to 5, m 13 、m 16 ~m 17 、m 22 、m 25 ~m 26 are independently selected from any integer from 1 to 6, m 12 、m 15 、m 18 、m 21 、m 24 、m 27 ~m 29 、m 32 ~m 33、 n2 are independently selected from any integer from 1 to 4, m 30 ~m 31 、m 34 ~m 35 are independently selected from any integer from 1 to 2.

[0045] In some embodiments, the organic compound satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (2):

[0046] (1)R 17 ~R 30 、R 37 ~R 65Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0047] Optionally, R 17 ~R 30 、R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 1 to 15 ring atoms;

[0048] Optionally, R 17 ~R 30 、R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a halogen-substituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 ring atoms;

[0049] (2)R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms substituted by halogen;

[0050] Optionally, R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0051] In some embodiments, each occurrence of R1 is independently selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group, or a silicic acid group;

[0052] Optionally, each occurrence of R1 is independently selected from any one of the following structures:

[0053] * indicates the attachment site.

[0054] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing acid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from a metal ion or NH4 + .

[0055] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM17) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM17):

[0056] In a second aspect, the present application provides the use of the organic compound of the first aspect as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

[0057] According to a third aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, comprising the organic compound according to the first aspect.

[0058] In some embodiments, the solar cell satisfies any one of conditions (1) to (3):

[0059] (1) The solar cell includes a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer includes the organic compound;

[0060] (2) The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer includes the organic compound;

[0061] (3) The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer provided on at least one surface of the hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer includes the organic compound;

[0062] Optionally, a passivation layer is provided between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer.

[0063] In some embodiments, the solar cell satisfies at least one of conditions (1) to (3):

[0064] (1) The passivation layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the passivation layer is K1, 0<K1≤100%;

[0065] (2) the hole transport layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K2, 0<K2≤100%;

[0066] (3) The perovskite layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, 0.01%<K3≤0.5%.

[0067] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly comprising the solar cell of the third aspect.

[0068] A fifth aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic system comprising the photovoltaic assembly of the fourth aspect.

[0069] In a sixth aspect of the present application, there is also provided an electrical device comprising at least one of the solar cell of the third aspect and the photovoltaic assembly of the fourth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without inventive work. In the drawings:

[0071] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0073] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 10 perovskite solar cell; 11 first electrode; 12 hole transport layer; 13 passivation layer; 14 perovskite layer; 15 electron transport layer; 16 hole blocking layer; 17 second electrode; 20 perovskite solar cell; 21 first electrode; 22 hole transport layer; 23 perovskite layer; 24 electron transport layer; 25 hole blocking layer; 26 second electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0075] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0076] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly indicate the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0077] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0078] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0079] In this application, unless otherwise specified, "room temperature" generally refers to 4°C to 30°C, preferably 20±5°C.

[0080] In this application, the term "alkane group" refers to a group formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen, such as methane losing one hydrogen to form a methyl group; "alkane dialkylene or alkylene group" refers to a group formed when an alkane loses two hydrogens, such as methane losing two hydrogens to form a methylene group.

[0081] The term "chain alkane group" refers to a group formed by losing one hydrogen atom in an alkane in which the carbon atoms are connected by single carbon-carbon bonds and do not form a ring, and the remaining valence bonds are bonded to hydrogen, including straight-chain alkane groups and branched-chain alkane groups.

[0082] In the present application, the number of carbon atoms of "alkane group" can be 1 to 20, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and refers to a straight-chain alkane group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a branched-chain alkane group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms; non-limiting examples include methane, ethane, n-propane, isopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-ethylbutane, 3,3-dimethylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, 1-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethylpentane, 4-methyl-2-pentane, n-hexane, 1-methylhexane, 2-ethylhexane, 2-butylhexane, n-heptane, 1-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2-ethylheptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, etc., which are formed after losing one hydrogen atom.

[0083] In this application, the term "ring atoms" refers to the number of atoms bonded to form a ring. When a ring is substituted with a substituent, the atoms contained in the substituent are not included in the ring atoms. The term "ring atoms" used below applies unless otherwise specified. For example, a benzene ring has 6 ring atoms, a naphthalene ring has 10 ring atoms, and a thiophene ring has 5 ring atoms.

[0084] "Aromatic group" refers to a hydrocarbon group with aromatic properties, including single-ring aromatic groups and fused-ring aromatic groups. A fused-ring aromatic group is a group formed by linking two or more single aromatic rings through two shared adjacent ring atoms, i.e., a fused ring. Furthermore, the π electrons of an aromatic group must satisfy the Huckel rule of 4n+2.

[0085] "Heteroaromatic" refers to a group in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom and has aromatic properties. Heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, N, P, O, and S.

[0086] Non-limiting examples of “aromatic groups” in the present application include benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, perylene, tetracene or fluorene; non-limiting examples of “heteroaromatic groups” include pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, imidazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, carbazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienothiophene, furopyrrole, furofuran, thienothiophane, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, o-naphthyridine, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, primary idine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, etc.; non-limiting examples of “aromatic amine groups” include substituted or unsubstituted aniline, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine or substituted or unsubstituted triphenylamine.

[0087] In the present application, when a linking site is not specified in a group, it means that any linking site in the group can be used as the linking site.

[0088] In the present application, the single bond to which the substituent is connected runs through the corresponding ring, indicating that the substituent can be connected to any position of the ring, for example R is connected to any substitutable site of the naphthalene ring. When the same substituent R appears multiple times, it can be independently selected from different groups. For example, there are 6 substitutable sites on the naphthalene ring, that is, j can be 6. Each R can be the same or different. When R is H, it means that there is no substituent. At this time, it is naphthalene.

[0089] In this application, "substituted or unsubstituted" means that the defined group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When the defined group is substituted, it is understood that it is optionally substituted with a group acceptable in the art, including but not limited to: C1-C30 alkyl, heterocyclic group containing 3-20 ring atoms, aryl containing 5-20 ring atoms, heteroaryl containing 5-20 ring atoms, and halogen.

[0090] In this application, when two groups are linked by a point of attachment, e.g. When R is selected from a single bond, it means that the two groups do not need to be connected through a specific group, but are directly connected by a single bond, that is,

[0091] In this application, when two cyclic structures in the structural diagram share at least two ring atoms, it means that the two cyclic structures are fused. If one of the cyclic structure groups is selected from H, it means that the cyclic structure does not exist. For example In the case where Ar7 or Ar8 is selected from H, it means that Ar7 or Ar8 does not exist. If both Ar7 and Ar8 are H, the structure is

[0092] In one embodiment of the present application, an organic compound is provided. The organic compound is shown in formula (1):

[0093] Wherein, Ar is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a group represented by formula (A) and a group represented by formula (B):

[0094] Ar' is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0095] Ar1 to Ar6 are independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkane group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and at least one of Ar4 to Ar6 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms;

[0096] L is selected from a chain alkane subunit having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;

[0097] R1 is an oxyacid group; n1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, and m1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 10;

[0098] Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0099] When the above organic compound is used to prepare a solar cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell can be improved. The above organic compound organically combines Ar, Ar', L and R1 with a specific group structure to form a compound of formula (1) or further forms an oxygen-containing acid salt, Ar is a terminal group, L is a connecting group, and R1 is a head group. When the organic compound is used to prepare a solar cell, the terminal group Ar with an aromatic group causes the organic compound molecules to generate π-π interactions through the π bonds of the aromatic group, inducing the molecules to form an ordered self-assembled molecular film, R1 can be combined with metal ions such as trivalent nickel, or can anchor the hole transport layer, or can have a hydrogen bond interaction with the A-position cation in the perovskite, thereby playing a role in passivating the metal ions, while L plays a role in reducing spatial steric hindrance. At the same time, a second aromatic group Ar' is introduced between the terminal group Ar and the connecting group L, and on the basis of maintaining a small change in the molecular energy level of the organic compound, the dipole of the organic compound is increased, so that the work function of the molecular film formed after the organic compound self-assembles is more compatible with the perovskite layer. When used to prepare a solar cell, a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be obtained.

[0100] In some embodiments, each occurrence of Ar' is independently selected from any one or any combination of the following groups Ar'1 to Ar'7:

[0101] It can be understood that the above “any combination” refers to any combination of groups connected by single bonds. Furthermore, * represents a connection site.

[0102] Among them, Y a ~Y fEach independently selected from -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, -Si(R6R7)-, -P(R8)-, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR9)-, -C(=CR 10 )-any one.

[0103] “Y f + " is a group formed when Y loses an electron.

[0104] Each occurrence of Z1 to Z7 is independently selected from -C(R 11 )-or N.

[0105] "Z7 - " is the group formed when Z7 gains an electron.

[0106] R2~R 11 are independently selected from H, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, -OC(=O)R 12 、-NHC(=O)R 13 、-N(R 14 )2, -L1N + (R 15 )3X1 - 、-L2P + (R 16 )3X2 - .

[0107] L1 and L2 are independently selected from any one of a single bond and an alkane subunit with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R 12 ~R 16 are independently selected from or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 12 ~R 13 Not H; X1 - and X2 - are independently selected from halogen ions.

[0108] * indicates the attachment site.

[0109] In some embodiments, Y a ~Y f Each occurrence is independently selected from -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, -Si(R6R7)-, -P(R8)-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR9)-, -C(=CR 10 )-any one.

[0110] In some embodiments, Y a ~Y f Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, -Si(R6R7)-, -P(R8)- and -S-.

[0111] In some embodiments, Y a ~Y f Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, and -Si(R6R7)-.

[0112] In some embodiments, R2~R 10 Each of them is independently selected from H, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0113] In some embodiments, R2~R 10 Each independently selected from any one of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0114] In some embodiments, R2~R 10 Each of them is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0115] In some embodiments, R2~R 10 Each of them is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0116] In some embodiments, R2~R 10 Each of them is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0117] In some embodiments, R 11Any one selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0118] In some embodiments, R 11 Any one selected from H, F, Cl, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0119] In some embodiments, R 11 Any one selected from H, F, Cl, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0120] In some embodiments, R 12 ~R 16 are independently selected from H or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0121] In some embodiments, R 12 ~R 16 are independently selected from H or a chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0122] In some embodiments, R 12 ~R 16 are independently selected from H or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0123] In some embodiments, each occurrence of Ar' is independently selected from any one or more combinations of the following groups:

[0124] * indicates the attachment site.

[0125] When Ar' is selected from a combination of the above groups, each group may appear once or be repeated multiple times, and the groups may be connected by a single bond or by fusion; further, the groups may be connected by forming a carbon-carbon single bond or by fusion through their respective ring atoms; further, the groups may be connected by forming a carbon-carbon double bond through the carbon atoms on the ring atoms or by fusion through the carbon atoms in their respective ring atoms.

[0126] In some embodiments, non-limiting examples of combinations of various of the above groups include, but are not limited to, the following structures:

[0127] Ar is selected from any one of the groups formed by removing a hydrogen atom from the structures shown in formula (A) to formula (G):

[0128] Wherein, X1 to X6 are independently selected from a single bond, C(R 24 R 25 ), O, S, N, NR 26 , C=O or S=O, and X1 and X2 are not single bonds at the same time, X3 and X4 are not single bonds at the same time, and X5 and X6 are not single bonds at the same time; y is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, and when y≥2, X1 is selected from C(R 24 R 25 );

[0129] Each occurrence of Y1 is independently selected from CR 27 or N;

[0130] Y2 to Y6 are each independently selected from C(R 28 R 29 ), O, S, N, NR 30 , any one of C=O or S=O;

[0131] R 17 ~R 30 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 31 )2、-CONR 32 、-OCOR 33 , any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0132] R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkane group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; and R 32 and R 33 Not H or D.

[0133] Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms;

[0134] m2, m3 and m5 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 4, m4, m6 and m7 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 6, and m8 and m9 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 2.

[0135] In some embodiments, m2, m3 and m5 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0136] In some embodiments, m4, m6 and m7 are independently selected from any integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0137] In some embodiments, m8 and m9 are independently selected from 1 or 2.

[0138] In some embodiments, in formula (C), X1 is a single bond, X2 is selected from NR 26 When there is at least one R 17 Or at least one R 18 Not for H.

[0139] In some embodiments, X1 to X6 are independently selected from a single bond, C(R 24 R 25 ), O, S, N, NR 26 Any one of .

[0140] In some embodiments, X1 is selected from a single bond, C(R 24 R 25 ), any one of O, S, and N.

[0141] Y2 to Y6 are each independently selected from C(R 28 R 29 ), O, S, N, NR 30 Any one of .

[0142] In some embodiments, R 17 ~R 18 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 ) 2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0143] In some embodiments, R 17 ~R 18 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25)2. Any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and any one of a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0144] In some embodiments, R 17 ~R 18 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0145] In some embodiments, R 17 ~R 18 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0146] In some embodiments, R 19 ~R 20 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 ) 2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0147] In some embodiments, R 19 ~R 20 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25)2. Any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen.

[0148] In some embodiments, R 19 ~R 20 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0149] In some embodiments, R 19 ~R 20 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0150] In some embodiments, R 21 ~R 22 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 ) 2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0151] In some embodiments, R 21 ~R 22 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25)2. Any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen.

[0152] In some embodiments, R 21 ~R 22 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0153] In some embodiments, R 21 ~R 22 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0154] In some embodiments, R 23 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 ) 2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0155] In some embodiments, R 23 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25)2. Any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 2 to 20 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0156] In some embodiments, R 23 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0157] In some embodiments, R 23 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0158] In some embodiments, R 24 ~R 25 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 ) 2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0159] In some embodiments, R 24 ~R25 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by a halogen.

[0160] In some embodiments, R 24 ~R 25 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0161] In some embodiments, R 24 ~R 25 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0162] In some embodiments, R 26 ~R 27 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25)2. Any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0163] In some embodiments, R 26 ~R 27 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0164] In some embodiments, R 26 ~R 27 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 25 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0165] In some embodiments, R 28 ~R 30 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0166] In some embodiments, R 28 ~R30 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0167] In some embodiments, R 28 ~R 30 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0168] In some embodiments, R 28 ~R 30 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, an alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0169] In some embodiments, R 28 ~R 30 Each occurrence of is independently selected from any one of H, D, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0170] In some embodiments, R 31 ~R 33Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkane group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms.

[0171] In some embodiments, R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0172] In some embodiments, R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0173] In some embodiments, R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence of is independently selected from any one of H, D, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0174] Ar7 and Ar8 are each independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0175] In some embodiments, Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from H or any one of the following structures:

[0176] Among them: Y7~Y9 are selected from CR 34 R35 , any one of O, S, S=O, C=O;

[0177] Each Z8~Z 14 Each occurrence is independently selected from CR 36 or N, and each Z8~Z in the same structural formula 14 Not N at the same time.

[0178] Each Z8~Z in the same structural formula 14 Not all N at the same time, that is, all Z8 in the same structural formula are not all N, all Z9 are not all N, and all Z 10 Different N, Z 11 Different N, Z 12 Different N, Z 13 Different N, Z 14 Not N at the same time. R 34 ~R 36 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0179] In some embodiments, Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from H or any one of the following structures:

[0180] In some embodiments, Y7-Y9 are independently selected from CR 34 R 35 , O, S.

[0181] In some embodiments, Y7-Y9 are independently selected from CR 34 R 35 , O

[0182] In some embodiments, R 34 ~R 36 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a halogen-substituted branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0183] In some embodiments, R 34 ~R 36Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and a halogen-substituted branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0184] In some embodiments, Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from any one of H or phenyl.

[0185] In some embodiments, Ar is selected from any one of the following groups:

[0186] Among them, R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2、-CONR 67 、-OCOR 68 , any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0187] R 66～ R 68 Each of the groups is independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0188] In some embodiments, R 17 ~R 30 、R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms.

[0189] Optionally, R 17 ~R 30 、R 37 ~R 65Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and an aromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0190] Optionally, R 17 ~R 30 、R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 ring atoms, and an aromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0191] In some embodiments, R 37 ~R 39 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0192] In some embodiments, R 37 ~R 39 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0193] In some embodiments, R 37 ~R 39 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0194] In some embodiments, R 37 ~R 39 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0195] In some embodiments, R 37 ~R 39 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0196] In some embodiments, R 40 ~R 42 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0197] In some embodiments, R 40 ~R 42 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms.

[0198] In some embodiments, R 40 ~R 42 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0199] In some embodiments, R 40 ~R 42Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0200] In some embodiments, R 40 ~R 42 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0201] In some embodiments, R 43 ~R 45 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0202] In some embodiments, R 43 ~R 45 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0203] In some embodiments, R 43 ~R 45 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0204] In some embodiments, R 43 ~R 45Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0205] In some embodiments, R 43 ~R 45 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0206] In some embodiments, R 46 ~R 48 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0207] In some embodiments, R 46 ~R 48 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0208] In some embodiments, R 46 ~R 48 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0209] In some embodiments, R 46 ~R 48Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0210] In some embodiments, R 46 ~R 48 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0211] In some embodiments, R 49 ~R 51 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0212] In some embodiments, R 49 ~R 51 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0213] In some embodiments, R 49 ~R 51 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0214] In some embodiments, R 49 ~R 51Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0215] In some embodiments, R 49 ~R 51 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0216] In some embodiments, R 52 ~R 55 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0217] In some embodiments, R 52 ~R 55 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0218] In some embodiments, R 52 ~R 55 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0219] In some embodiments, R 52 ~R 55Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0220] In some embodiments, R 52 ~R 55 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0221] In some embodiments, R 56 ~R 57 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0222] In some embodiments, R 56 ~R 57 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0223] In some embodiments, R 56 ~R 57 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0224] In some embodiments, R 56 ~R 57 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0225] In some embodiments, R 56 ~R 57 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0226] In some embodiments, R 58 ~R 59 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0227] In some embodiments, R 58 ~R 59 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0228] In some embodiments, R 58 ~R 59 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66)2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0229] In some embodiments, R 58 ~R 59 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0230] In some embodiments, R 58 ~R 59 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0231] In some embodiments, R 60 ~R 61 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0232] In some embodiments, R 60 ~R 61 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0233] In some embodiments, R 60 ~R 61 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66)2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 0 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0234] In some embodiments, R 60 ~R 61 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0235] In some embodiments, R 60 ~R 61 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0236] In some embodiments, R 62 ~R 63 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0237] In some embodiments, R 62 ~R 63 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 20 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

[0238] In some embodiments, R 62 ~R 63 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0239] In some embodiments, R 62 ~R 63 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0240] In some embodiments, R 62 ~R 63 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, halogen groups, -N(R 66 )2. Any one of a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0241] In some embodiments, R 64 ~R 68 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0242] Optionally, R 64 ~R 68Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0243] In some embodiments, R 64 ~R 68 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkane group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, a branched-chain alkane group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

[0244] In some embodiments, m 10 ~m 11 、m 14 、m 19 ~m 20 and m 23 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0245] In some embodiments, m 13 、m 16 ~m 17 、m 22 、m 25 ~m 26 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0246] In some embodiments, m 12 、m 15 、m 18 、m 21 、m 24 、m 27 ~m 29 、m 32 ~m 33 , n2 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0247] In some embodiments, m 30 ~m 31 、m 34 ~m 35 are independently selected from 1 or 2.

[0248] In some embodiments, each occurrence of R1 is independently selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group, or a silicic acid group;

[0249] Optionally, the phosphonic acid group includes at least one of an orthophosphonic acid group, a phosphinate group, and a partial phosphonic acid group.

[0250] Optionally, each occurrence of R1 is independently selected from any one of the following structures:

[0251] * indicates the attachment site.

[0252] In some embodiments, the oxyacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxyacid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from a metal ion or NH4 + .

[0253] In some embodiments, the metal ions include at least one of alkali metal ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, iron ions, copper ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions.

[0254] In some embodiments, each occurrence of L is independently selected from a paraffin substituent having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0255] In some embodiments, each occurrence of L is independently selected from a paraffin substituent having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0256] In some embodiments, each occurrence of L is independently selected from a linear alkane subunit having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched alkane subunit having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0257] In some embodiments, each occurrence of L is independently selected from a paraffin substituent having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0258] In some embodiments, each occurrence of L is independently selected from a paraffin substituent having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0259] In some embodiments, each occurrence of L is independently selected from a linear alkane subunit or a branched alkane subunit having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0260] In some embodiments, each occurrence of L is independently selected from any one of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl.

[0261] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by the following formulas (SAM1) to (SAM17) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by the following formulas (SAM1) to (SAM17):

[0262] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned organic compounds can be prepared by referring to commonly used organic synthesis methods in the art. Here, the preparation method thereof is illustrated by taking the compound of formula (SAM1) as an example, which includes the following steps:

[0263] Compound 1 and compound 2 are subjected to a first substitution reaction to prepare compound 3. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0264] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out under the action of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and cuprous iodide (CuI).

[0265] In some embodiments, the temperature of the first substitution reaction is 100° C. to 145° C., and the time is 15 h to 25 h.

[0266] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide (MDF).

[0267] Compound 3 and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3) were subjected to a second substitution reaction to prepare a compound of formula (SAM1). The synthesis route is as follows:

[0268] In some embodiments, the second substitution reaction is carried out under the action of tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr).

[0269] In some embodiments, the second substitution reaction is carried out in methanol (MeOH).

[0270] In one embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned organic compound is provided as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

[0271] One embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0272] The above organic compounds can be used as passivation materials and hole transport materials, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells.

[0273] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer disposed on at least one surface of the hole transport layer. In some embodiments, at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer includes an organic compound.

[0274] It can be understood that the hole transport layer has two surfaces arranged opposite to each other, one closer to the perovskite layer and the other farther away from the perovskite layer, and the passivation layer can be arranged on at least one surface, that is, including any of the following solutions:

[0275] The solar cell comprises a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer and a passivation layer arranged in a stacked manner; or

[0276] The solar cell comprises a perovskite layer, a passivation layer and a hole transport layer arranged in a stacked manner; or

[0277] The solar cell includes a perovskite layer, a passivation layer, a hole transport layer and a passivation layer that are stacked.

[0278] The above-mentioned organic compounds can be doped in the perovskite layer to play a passivation role, and can play both a hole transport role and a passivation role in the hole transport layer or in the passivation layer.

[0279] In some embodiments, a passivation layer is disposed between the titanite layer and the hole transport layer.

[0280] It can be understood that the perovskite layer includes perovskite materials commonly used in the art.

[0281] In some embodiments, the chemical formula of the perovskite material satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; wherein A is an inorganic cation or an organic cation or a mixture of the two, and can be at least one of formamidinium ion (FA), methylammonium ion (MA) and Cs ion; B is an inorganic metal cation, and can be at least one of Pb ion and Sn ion; C is a noble metal cation, commonly Ag+; D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, and can be a bismuth cation Bi 3+ 、Antimony cation Sb 3+ , and indium cations In 3+ At least one of; X oxygen or halogen element, can be at least one of O, Br and I.

[0282] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.20 eV to 2.30 eV and a thickness of 200 nm to 1000 nm.

[0283] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1, a solar cell 10 includes a hole transport layer 12, a passivation layer 13 and a perovskite layer 14 arranged in a stacked manner, and at least one layer of the passivation layer 13, the hole transport layer 12 and the perovskite layer 14 includes the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0284] In some embodiments, the components of the passivation layer 13 include the organic compound of the first aspect, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the passivation layer is K1, where 0<K1≤100%.

[0285] Alternatively, K1 may be 1 to 100 wt%, for example, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt% or 100 wt%.

[0286] In some embodiments, when K1 is not 100%, the passivation layer may also include other passivation materials commonly used in the art, such as SAM18, SAM19, etc.; when K1 is 100%, it means that the material of the passivation layer is the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0287] In one embodiment, the thickness of the passivation layer is 1-50 nm.

[0288] Alternatively, the thickness of the passivation layer may be 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm or 50 nm, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0289] In some embodiments, when the passivation layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the material of the hole transport layer can be at least one of various hole transport materials commonly used in the art and the above-mentioned organic compound. In this case, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the hole transport layer can be 0-100%; optionally, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the hole transport layer can be 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100%.

[0290] Various types of hole transport materials commonly used in this field include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following materials and their derivatives: nickel oxide, zinc oxide, molybdenum oxide, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid (Me-4Pacz).

[0291] In some embodiments, when the passivation layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer may be 0-0.5%; optionally, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer may be 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5%.

[0292] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, and the mass ratio of the above-mentioned organic compound in the hole transport layer is K2, 0<K2≤100%.

[0293] Optionally, K2 may be 1 to 100 wt%, for example, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt% or 100 wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0294] In some embodiments, when K2 is not 100%, the hole transport layer may also include other hole transport layer materials commonly found in the art, such as nickel oxide, zinc oxide, molybdenum oxide, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid (Me-4Pacz).

[0295] In some embodiments, when K2 is 100%, it means that the material of the hole transport layer is the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0296] In one embodiment, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1 to 50 nm.

[0297] Alternatively, the thickness of the hole transport layer may be 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm or 50 nm, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0298] In some embodiments, when the hole transport layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer may be 0-0.5%; optionally, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer may be 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5%.

[0299] In some embodiments, when the hole transport layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the passivation layer may be 0 to 100%; optionally, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the passivation layer may be 0, 10wt%, 20wt%, 30wt%, 40wt%, 50wt%, 60wt%, 70wt%, 80wt%, 90wt% or 100wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0300] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, and the mass ratio of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, 0.01%≤K3≤0.5%.

[0301] Optionally, 0.01%<K3≤0.5%; further, K3 can be selected as 0.1-0.5wt%, for example, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt% or 0.5wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0302] In some embodiments, the organic compound is doped by adding it to a perovskite precursor solution, wherein the concentration of the organic compound in the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL.

[0303] In some embodiments, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the passivation layer may be 0-100%; further, it may be 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100%.

[0304] In other words, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the passivation layer may contain the above-mentioned organic compound or may use other commonly used passivation materials in the art, or a mixture of the two.

[0305] Other commonly used passivation materials in this field are the same as those described above and will not be described in detail here.

[0306] In some embodiments, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the hole transport layer may be 0-100%; further, it may be 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100%.

[0307] In other words, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the hole transport material may contain the above-mentioned organic compound or may use other commonly used hole transport materials in the art, or a mixture of the two.

[0308] Other commonly used hole transport materials in this field are the same as those described above and will not be described in detail here.

[0309] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 , the solar cell 10 further includes a first electrode 11 , an electron transport layer 15 , a hole blocking layer 16 and a second electrode 17 .

[0310] Among them, the first electrode 11 is located on the surface of the hole transport layer 12 away from the passivation layer 13, the electron transport layer 15 is located on the surface of the perovskite layer 14 away from the passivation layer 13, the hole blocking layer 16 is located on the surface of the electron transport layer 15 away from the perovskite layer 14, and the second electrode 17 is located on the surface of the hole blocking layer 16 away from the electron transport layer 15.

[0311] In some embodiments, the solar cell 10 may be a normal solar cell (nip planar structure) or an inverted solar cell (pin planar structure).

[0312] It should be noted that when the first electrode 11 is a transparent electrode, that is, the first electrode side serves as the light incident side, the solar cell 10 is a transverse solar cell. Conversely, when the second electrode 17 is a transparent electrode, that is, the second electrode side serves as the light incident side, the solar cell 10 is a regular solar cell. In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 is a transparent conductive electrode, and the material of the first electrode 11 can be any one of fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), and IZO.

[0313] In some embodiments, the components in the electron transport layer 15 can be electron transport materials commonly used in the art, non-limiting examples of which include: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.

[0314] In some embodiments, the components of the hole blocking layer 16 can be hole blocking materials commonly used in the art, non-limiting examples of which include at least one of BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene, and 4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylethylene)-1,1'-biphenyl.

[0315] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode 16 may be an electrode material commonly used in the art, including but not limited to the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0316] The preparation process of the above-mentioned first electrode, hole transport layer, perovskite layer, electron transport layer and second electrode can adopt the preparation methods commonly used in the art, including solution method and solid deposition method. The solution method includes any one of spin coating, spray coating, blade coating and slit coating, and the solid deposition method includes any one of vacuum evaporation, sputtering deposition, plasma deposition and ion deposition.

[0317] In some embodiments, the functional film layer is a hole transport layer, and components of the hole transport layer include organic compounds.

[0318] Hole transport materials can be directly used as components of the hole transport layer, which can play both a passivation role and a hole transport role. Even if the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer are in direct contact, that is, without setting an additional passivation layer, the efficiency of the device can still be improved.

[0319] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a hole transport layer that are stacked, and the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer are in direct contact, and at least one of the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer includes the above-mentioned organic matter.

[0320] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 , a solar cell 20 is shown. The solar cell 20 includes a first electrode 21 , a hole transport layer 22 , a perovskite layer 23 , an electron transport layer 24 , a hole blocking layer 25 and a second electrode 26 that are stacked.

[0321] At least one of the perovskite layer 23 and the hole transport layer 22 includes at least one of the organic compound represented by formula (1) and an oxoacid salt thereof.

[0322] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer 22 includes the aforementioned organic compound, and the mass percentage of the aforementioned organic compound in the hole transport layer is K2, where 0<K2≤100%.

[0323] Optionally, K2 may be 1 to 100 wt%, for example, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt% or 100 wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0324] In some embodiments, when K2 is not 100%, the hole transport layer may also include other hole transport layer materials commonly found in the art, such as nickel oxide, zinc oxide, molybdenum oxide, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid (Me-4Pacz).

[0325] In some embodiments, when K2 is 100%, it means that the material of the hole transport layer is the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0326] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer 22 includes the above-mentioned organic compound, and the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer can be 0-0.5%; further can be 0, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt% or 0.5wt%.

[0327] In other words, when the hole transport layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the above-mentioned organic compound can be doped into the perovskite layer; further, the perovskite material in the perovskite layer can be a perovskite material commonly used in the art, and the types are the same as described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0328] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, and the mass ratio of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, 0.01%<K3≤0.5%.

[0329] Optionally, K3 may be selected to be 0.1-0.5 wt%, such as 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt% or 0.5 wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0330] In some embodiments, the organic compound is doped by adding it to a perovskite precursor solution, wherein the concentration of the organic compound in the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL.

[0331] In some embodiments, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the hole transport layer may be 0-100%; further, it may be 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100%.

[0332] In other words, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the hole transport layer may contain the above-mentioned organic compound or other commonly used hole transport materials in the art, or a mixture of the two.

[0333] Other commonly used hole transport materials in this field are the same as those described above and will not be described in detail here.

[0334] The materials of the first electrode 21 , the electron transport layer 24 , the hole blocking layer 25 and the second electrode 26 correspond to the materials of the first electrode 11 , the electron transport layer 15 , the hole blocking layer 26 and the second electrode 17 , and are not described again here.

[0335] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a second electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a first electrode that are stacked, and the perovskite layer is in direct contact with the first electrode, and the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic matter.

[0336] In other words, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic matter, the photoelectric efficiency can be improved even without providing an additional hole transport layer and a passivation layer.

[0337] It can be understood that the above-mentioned perovskite layer includes a perovskite material, and a perovskite material commonly used in the art can be used. The perovskite material commonly used in the art is the same as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0338] In some embodiments, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer is 0.01% to 0.5%; it can be optionally 0.1 to 0.5wt%, for example, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt% or 0.5wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0339] In some embodiments, the organic compound is doped by adding it to a perovskite precursor solution, wherein the concentration of the organic compound in the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL.

[0340] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a hole blocking layer disposed on a surface of the electron transport layer away from the perovskite layer.

[0341] The materials for the first electrode, the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer and the second electrode are the same as those described above and will not be described in detail here.

[0342] One embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic module, which includes the above-mentioned solar cell.

[0343] The solar cell has high light conversion efficiency and good stability, and can improve the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0344] The above photovoltaic module includes one or more solar cells, which can be selected according to the specific application scenario; further, the above photovoltaic module includes multiple solar cells, and the multiple solar cells are connected in series or in parallel to form a battery cell.

[0345] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a photovoltaic glass layer, an adhesive layer, and a back sheet.

[0346] Adhesive layers are provided on both surfaces of the cell, a back plate is provided on the surface of one of the adhesive layers away from the cell, and a photovoltaic glass layer is provided on the surface of the other adhesive layer away from the cell.

[0347] The photovoltaic glass layer and back panel are used to protect the solar cells, seal, insulate and waterproof; the bonding layer serves to bond the photovoltaic glass layer to the cell, and to bond the back panel to the cell.

[0348] Optionally, the photovoltaic glass layer is made of tempered glass, the back panel is made of TPT (polyvinyl fluoride) or TPE (thermoplastic elastomer), and the adhesive layer is made of EVA (polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer).

[0349] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module further includes a junction box and an outer frame.

[0350] The junction box is used to protect the power generation system of the entire photovoltaic module. It is equivalent to a current transfer station. When a battery cell short-circuits, the junction box will automatically disconnect the short-circuited battery string.

[0351] The outer frame can support and protect the entire photovoltaic module. The frame can be made of aluminum alloy with excellent strength and corrosion resistance.

[0352] Furthermore, silicone is used to bond and seal the connection between the frame and other parts of the photovoltaic module. Photovoltaic modules can convert solar energy into electrical energy, which can be stored in batteries or used to drive loads.

[0353] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic component is a solar panel.

[0354] One embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the above-mentioned photovoltaic module.

[0355] The photovoltaic system utilizes the photovoltaic effect of the solar cells in the above photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy with high efficiency; further, the above photovoltaic system is a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0356] Photovoltaic modules are the core part of photovoltaic power generation systems. The above photovoltaic system includes one or more photovoltaic modules, which can be selected according to the specific application scenario; further, when the above photovoltaic system includes multiple photovoltaic modules, the multiple photovoltaic modules form a photovoltaic array.

[0357] The above photovoltaic system can be an independent photovoltaic power generation system or a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system.

[0358] An independent photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array, a battery pack, a charge controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a load. Its operating principle is that solar radiation energy is first converted into electrical energy by the photovoltaic array, then converted by the power electronic converter to power the load. Meanwhile, excess electrical energy is stored as chemical energy in an energy storage device after passing through the charge controller. In this way, when sunlight is insufficient, the energy stored in the battery can be converted into 220V, 50Hz AC electricity after passing through the power electronic inverter, filtering, and power frequency transformer to supply the AC load.

[0359] A grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and system monitoring. Its operating principle is that solar radiation energy is converted by the photovoltaic array, then converted to high-voltage DC through high-frequency DC conversion. This is then inverted by a power electronic inverter and output to the grid as a sinusoidal AC current with a frequency consistent with the grid voltage.

[0360] The above two photovoltaic power generation systems have their own characteristics and can be selected according to specific application scenarios.

[0361] One embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device comprising at least one of the above-mentioned solar cell and photovoltaic module.

[0362] The above-mentioned electrical devices may be, but are not limited to, mobile devices, electric vehicles, electric trains, ships, satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0363] In some embodiments, the mobile device may be a mobile phone or a laptop computer, etc.

[0364] In some embodiments, electric vehicles include, but are not limited to, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, and the like.

[0365] The present application will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present application is not limited to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the attached claims summarize the scope of the present application. Under the guidance of the concept of the present application, those skilled in the art should realize that certain changes made to the various embodiments of the present application will be covered by the spirit and scope of the claims of the present application.

[0366] The following are specific examples.

[0367] Example 1

[0368] Step 1: Preparation of organic compound SAM1, the specific steps are as follows:

[0369] (1) Compound 1 (1 mmol), potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 1.5 mmol), cuprous iodide (CuI, 2 mmol), compound 2 (1.1 mmol), and DMF (10 mL) were mixed and heated at 125°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. Compound 3 was then separated by silica gel chromatography. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0370] Compound 3 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.18(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.98(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.89(s,2H),7.75(d,J =7.2Hz,4H),7.53-7.41(m,8H),7.29(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.66-3.61(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H).

[0371] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 3 was further calculated using the following formula to be 58%.

[0372] Yield = moles of compound 3 / moles of compound 1 × 100%

[0373] (2) Compound 3 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The remaining triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 0.72 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (MeOH, 5 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM1. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0374] The product SAM1 was subjected to nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum testing, and the test results are as follows:

[0375] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.18(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.98(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.89(s,2H),7.75(d,J =7.2Hz,4H),7.53-7.41(m,8H),7.29(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.83-2.79(m,2H),2.03-2.00(m,2H).

[0376] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM1.

[0377] The yield of the product SAM1 was further calculated using the following formula to be 55%.

[0378] Yield = moles of product SAM1 / moles of compound 3 × 100%

[0379] Step 2: Preparation of solar cells. The specific steps are as follows:

[0380] 1. Cleaning of FTO conductive glass: Remove 0.35 cm from both ends of a 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm FTO conductive glass by laser etching to expose the glass substrate. Then, ultrasonically clean the glass in deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol for 10 minutes in sequence. Blow dry the solvent with a nitrogen gun and place the cleaned FTO conductive glass in a UV ozone machine for UV ozone cleaning to serve as the first electrode.

[0381] 2. Preparation of hole transport layer: Nano-tin oxide methanol solution (10 mg / mL) was spin-coated on the surface of FTO conductive glass at 2000 rpm, and the solvent was removed by annealing to form a nickel oxide film, that is, a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm was obtained.

[0382] 3. Preparation of passivation layer: The above-mentioned compound SAM1 was dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL). The self-assembled molecular solution was spin-coated on the surface of the hole transport layer at a speed of 3000 rpm and annealed to form a self-assembled molecular layer, thereby obtaining a passivation layer with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0383] 4. Preparation of perovskite layer: Weigh lead iodide (726 mg), iodomethane (240 mg), cesium iodide (19 mg), and lead bromide (11 mg) and dissolve them in 1 mL of a DMF:DMSO mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 4:1. Stir for 3 hours and filter with a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. Spin-coat the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the passivation layer at a speed of 3000 rpm, anneal at 100°C for 30 minutes, and cool to room temperature to form a perovskite layer with an active substance of the CsFA system and a thickness of 800 nm.

[0384] 5. Preparation of electron transport layer: Spin-coat the electron transport material PC on the surface of the perovskite layer at a speed of 1500 rpm 61 BM was used to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 35 nm, and then a hole blocking material BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was spin-coated at 5000 rpm and annealed at 100 ° C for 10 min to form a hole blocking layer with a thickness of 15 nm.

[0385] 6. Preparation of the second electrode: Place the device obtained in step 5 into a mask, and evaporate 80 nm of silver on the surface of the hole blocking layer in a vacuum evaporation device to form a second electrode, thereby obtaining a complete perovskite solar cell 10.

[0386] 1 , the perovskite solar cell 10 includes a first electrode 11 , a hole transport layer 12 , a passivation layer 13 , a perovskite layer 14 , an electron transport layer 15 , a hole blocking layer 16 , and a second electrode 17 , which are stacked in sequence.

[0387] 7. Performance test: Use IV measurement method to measure the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The specific steps are as follows:

[0388] By changing the bias voltage point and measuring the current at the same time, the IV characteristics of the sample under test can be obtained.

[0389] a) Place the test fixture containing the sample cell on the sample holder so that it is located in the measurement plane and ensure that the sample cell is located at the center of the solar simulator's output light spot (or the normal line of the photovoltaic cell is parallel to the center line of the solar simulator's light beam);

[0390] b) Using Guangyan's solar simulator, which complies with the national standard IEC61215 for testing, and using crystalline silicon solar cells to calibrate the light intensity to reach the intensity of one sun, at 1000W / m 2 Under the condition of irradiance, a mask is installed on the sample battery to be tested, and the temperature of the sample battery is controlled by a temperature monitoring device so that the temperature of the sample is maintained at (30±5℃) during the measurement process;

[0391] c) Set the scanning direction, voltage range, scanning interval voltage and scanning interval time. It is recommended that the scanning interval should not be greater than 0.02V and the interval between two adjacent points should not be less than 0.s. Measure the forward and reverse scanning current-voltage characteristics of the sample battery under test, and record the maximum power point current Vm, maximum power point voltage, and open circuit voltage V oc and short-circuit current J sc .

[0392] Calculation formula: Fill factor FF = J m ×V m / V oc ×J sc , photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE=V oc ×J sc ×FF / P in .P in is the incident light intensity, which is equal to 10 3 W / m 2 The perovskite solar cells were naturally aged for 10 days in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. During this process, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was tested every 12 hours according to the above steps. The highest efficiency measured was recorded as the optimal efficiency. Please see Table 1 for details.

[0393] The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cell after 30 days of standing in a N2 atmosphere at room temperature is recorded as P30. Please see Table 1 for the results.

[0394] Example 2

[0395] Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM2. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0396] Step (1): Referring to step (1) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 4, and compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 5. After reaction, compound 6 was obtained. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0397] Compound 6 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.54(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.99-7.91(m,8H),7.62-7.53(m,8H),7.32(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.66-3.61(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H).

[0398] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 6 was further calculated using the following formula to be 77%.

[0399] Yield = moles of compound 6 / moles of compound 4 × 100%

[0400] Step (2): Referring to step (2) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 3 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 6, and the reaction yielded compound SAM2. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0401] The compound SAM2 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.97(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.31(s,6H),8.12(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=7.2Hz ,2H),7.28(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.02(s,2H),4.18-4.14(m,2H),1.73-1.69(m,4H),1.26-1.23(m,2H).

[0402] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM2. The yield of the product SAM2 was further calculated using the following formula to be 45%.

[0403] Yield = moles of product SAM2 / moles of compound 6 × 100%

[0404] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0405] Example 3

[0406] Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM3. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0407] Step (1): Referring to step (1) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 7, and compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 8. After the reaction, compound 9 was obtained. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0408] Compound 9 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.38 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 6H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00-6.96 (m, 2H).

[0409] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 9 was further calculated using the following formula to be 77%.

[0410] Yield = moles of compound 9 / moles of compound 7 × 100%

[0411] Step (2): Compound 9 (1 mmol), compound 10 (1.1 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 2 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloropalladium (5% mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The filtrate was obtained through diatomaceous earth. After removing the solvent, the crude product was mixed with compound 11 (1.2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 12. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0412] Compound 12 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.70 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.21-7.13 (m, 7H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00-6.96 (m, 2H).

[0413] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 12 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0414] Yield = moles of compound 12 / moles of compound 9 × 100%

[0415] Step (3): Compound 12 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 10 mL), and n-butyllithium n-hexane solution (n-BuLi, 2.5 M, 0.5 mL) was added dropwise at -78°C. After stirring for 2 h, zinc chloride tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M, 1.3 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol) and compound 2 (1.1 mmol) were added. After heating at 75°C, the mixture was separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 13. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0416] Compound 13 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.77(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.37-7.30(m,6H),7.21-7.15(m,6H),7.00-6.96(m,4H),3.66-3.60(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H).

[0417] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM13. The yield of product 13 was further calculated using the following formula to be 58%.

[0418] Yield = moles of product 13 / moles of compound 12 × 100%

[0419] Step (4): Compound 13 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 0.72 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (5 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM3. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0420] The compound SAM3 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.77(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.37-7.30(m,6H),7.21-7.15(m,6H),7.00-6.96(m,4H),2.84-2.78(m,2H),2.04-1.99(m,2H).

[0421] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM3. The yield of the product SAM3 was further calculated using the following formula to be 45%.

[0422] Yield = moles of product SAM3 / moles of compound 13 × 100%

[0423] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0424] Example 4

[0425] Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM4. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0426] Step (1): Compound 14 (1 mmol) and compound 15 (1.1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL) were mixed, heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 16. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0427] Compound 16 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.37-7.24(m,7H),7.08-6.99(m,8H),6.80(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.56-3.51(m,2H),3.38-3.33(m,2H).

[0428] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 16 was further calculated using the following formula to be 77%.

[0429] Yield = moles of compound 16 / moles of compound 14 × 100%

[0430] Step (2): Referring to step (2) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 3 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 16, and compound SAM4 was obtained after reaction. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0431] The compound SAM4 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.37-7.24(m,7H),7.08-6.99(m,8H),6.80(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.11-3.05(m,2H),1.98-1.93(m,2H).

[0432] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM4. The yield of the product SAM4 was further calculated using the following formula to be 45%.

[0433] Yield = moles of product SAM4 / moles of compound 16 × 100%

[0434] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0435] Example 5

[0436] Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM5. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0437] Step (1): Compound 14 (1 mmol) and compound 17 (1.1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours. Compound 18 was obtained after separation by silica gel chromatography. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0438] Compound 18 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.37-7.24(m,8H),7.0 8-7.00(m,6H),4.03-3.98(m,2H),2.86-2.81(m,2H),2.58-2.53(m,2H),1.09-1.05(m,3H).

[0439] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 18 was further calculated using the following formula to be 89%.

[0440] Yield = moles of compound 18 / moles of compound 14 × 100%

[0441] Step (2): Compound 18 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM5. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0442] The compound SAM5 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.03(s,1H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.37- 7.24(m,8H),7.08-7.00(m,6H),4.03-3.98(m,2H),2.85-2.81(m,2H),2.54-2.48(m,2H).

[0443] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM5. The yield of the product SAM5 was further calculated using the following formula to be 72%.

[0444] Yield = moles of product SAM5 / moles of compound 18 × 100%

[0445] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0446] Example 6

[0447] Example 6 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM6. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0448] Step (1): Compound 19 (1 mmol), compound 2 (1.1 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd2dba3, 5% mmol), tert-butylphosphine (t-Bu3P, 10 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (2 mmol) were filtered to obtain compound 20. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0449] Compound 20 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.23-7.16(m,6H),7.10-7.00(m,4H),6.79-6.73(m,2H),3.66-3.61(m,2H),2.93-2.88(m,6H).

[0450] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 20 was further calculated using the following formula to be 55%.

[0451] Yield = moles of compound 20 / moles of compound 19 × 100%

[0452] Step (2): Compound 20 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 0.72 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (5 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM6. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0453] The compound SAM6 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.21-7.16(m,6H),7.10-7.00(m,4H),6.79-6.73(m,2H),2.88(s,4H),2.72-2.66(m,2H),2.03-1.98(m,2H).

[0454] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM6. The yield of the product SAM6 was further calculated using the following formula to be 55%.

[0455] Yield = moles of product SAM6 / moles of compound 20 × 100%

[0456] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0457] Example 7

[0458] Example 7 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM7. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0459] Step (1): Referring to step (1) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, Compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 21, and Compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 5. After reaction, Compound 22 was obtained. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0460] Compound 22 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.37-7.32(m,4H), 7.19-7.14(m,6H),6.98-6.93(m,2H),3.66-3.61(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H),1.69(s,6H).

[0461] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 22 was further calculated using the following formula to be 75%.

[0462] Yield = moles of compound 22 / moles of compound 21 × 100%

[0463] Step (2): Referring to step (2) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 3 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 22, and compound SAM7 was obtained after reaction. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0464] The compound SAM7 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.37-7.32(m,4H), 7.19-7.14(m,6H),6.98-6.93(m,2H),2.86-2.81(m,2H),2.08-2.03(m,2H),1.69(s,6H).

[0465] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM7. The yield of the product SAM7 was further calculated using the following formula to be 45%.

[0466] Yield = moles of product SAM7 / moles of compound 22 × 100%

[0467] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0468] Example 8

[0469] Example 8 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM8. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0470] Step (1): Referring to step (1) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, Compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 23, and Compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 24. After the reaction, Compound 25 was obtained. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0471] Compound 25 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.76(s,1H),8.64(s,1H),7.87-7.82(m,4H),7.49-7.44(m,6H),7.10(s,2H),3.66-3.61(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H).

[0472] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 25 was further calculated using the following formula to be 75%.

[0473] Yield = moles of compound 25 / moles of compound 23 × 100%

[0474] Step (2): Referring to step (2) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 3 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 25, and compound SAM8 was obtained after reaction. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0475] The compound SAM8 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.76(s,1H),8.64(s,1H),7.87-7.82(m,4H),7.49-7.44(m,6H),7.10(s,2H),2.86-2.81(m,2H),2.08-2.00(m,2H).

[0476] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM8. The yield of the product SAM8 was further calculated using the following formula to be 45%.

[0477] Yield = moles of product SAM8 / moles of compound 25 × 100%

[0478] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0479] Example 9

[0480] Example 9 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM9. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0481] Step (1): Compound 26 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), and a tetrahydrofuran solution (2 mL) of compound 27 (1 mmol) was added dropwise at -78°C. After stirring at room temperature for 12 h, the mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL×3). After removing the solvent, the oily substance was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). A tetrahydrofuran solution (3 mL) of compound 28 (1.5 mmol) was added dropwise to the above solution at -78°C. After reacting for 12 h, the mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL×3). After removing the solvent, the oily substance was added dropwise to a mixture of boiling sodium hydroxide (20 mmol), zinc powder (5 mmol) and water (10 mL). After reacting for 20 h, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL×3). After removing the solvent, the mixture was separated and purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 29. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0482] Compound 29 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.70(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=7.8Hz,1H)7.36(s,2H ),7.28(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.16-7.11(m,1H),6.83(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),2.37(s,9H).

[0483] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 29 was further calculated using the following formula to be 37%.

[0484] Yield = moles of compound 29 / moles of compound 26 × 100%

[0485] Step (2): Compound 29 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 10 mL), and n-butyllithium n-hexane solution (n-BuLi, 2.5 M, 0.5 mL) was added dropwise at -78°C. After stirring for 2 h, zinc chloride tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M, 1.3 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol) and compound 2 (1.1 mmol) were added. After heating at 75°C for 12 h, the mixture was separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 30. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0486] Compound 30 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.77(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.36-7.28(m,7H),6.83(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.66-3.60(m,2H),3.08-3.02(m,2H),2.37(s,9H).

[0487] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 30 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0488] Yield = moles of compound 30 / moles of compound 29 × 100%

[0489] Step (3): Compound 30 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 0.72 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (5 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM9. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0490] The compound SAM9 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.77(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.36-7.28(m,7H),6.83(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.66-3.60(m,2H),1.73-1.69(m,4H),1.26-1.23(m,2H).

[0491] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM9. The yield of the product SAM9 was further calculated using the following formula to be 58%.

[0492] Yield = moles of product SAM9 / moles of compound 30 × 100%

[0493] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0494] Example 10

[0495] Example 10 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM10. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0496] Step (1): Compound 31 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), and a 2.5 M n-butyllithium hexane solution (0.5 mL) was added dropwise at -78°C. After stirring for 2 h, compound 32 (1.5 mmol) was added dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 12 h, the mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL × 3). After removing the solvent, the solid was recrystallized from ethanol to obtain SAM10. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0497] The compound SAM10 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.94 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2H), 7.81-7.75 (m, 4H), 7.48-7.33 (m, 8H), 7.18-7.12 (m, 4H), 4.22 (s, 2H).

[0498] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM10. The yield of the product SAM10 was further calculated using the following formula to be 38%.

[0499] Yield = moles of product SAM10 / moles of compound 31 × 100%

[0500] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0501] Example 11

[0502] Example 11 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM11. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0503] Step (1): Compound 33 (1 mmol), compound 10 (1.1 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 2 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloride palladium (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 5% mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The filtrate was obtained through diatomaceous earth. After removing the solvent, the crude product was mixed with compound 2 (1.2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 34. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0504] Compound 34 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 7.79 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.47-7.32 (m, 10H), 7.18-7.12 (m, 4H), 3.70-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.03 (m, 2H).

[0505] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 34 was further calculated using the following formula to be 58%.

[0506] Yield = moles of compound 34 / moles of compound 33 × 100%

[0507] (2) Compound 34 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 0.72 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection and the solvent was removed. Methanol (5 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM11. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0508] The product SAM11 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the test results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.79(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.47-7.32(m,10H),7. 18-7.12(m,4H),3.70-3.66(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H),2.84-2.78(m,2H),2.04-1.99(m,2H).

[0509] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM11; further calculated using the following formula, the yield of the product SAM11 is 39%.

[0510] Yield = moles of product SAM11 / moles of compound 34 × 100%

[0511] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0512] Example 12

[0513] Example 12 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM12. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0514] Step (1): Compound 35 (1 mmol), compound 10 (1.1 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 2 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloropalladium (5% mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The filtrate was collected through diatomaceous earth. After removing the solvent, the crude product was mixed with compound 11 (1.2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 36. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0515] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0516] Compound 36 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.03-7.99(m,6H),7.84-7.79(m,4H),7.70(d,J=7.2Hz,1H ),7.61-7.57(m,4H),7.48(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.40-7.34(m,3H),7.16-7.10(m,1H).

[0517] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 36 was further calculated using the following formula to be 57%.

[0518] Yield = moles of compound 36 / moles of compound 35 × 100%

[0519] Step (2): Compound 36 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 10 mL), and n-butyllithium in n-hexane solution (n-BuLi, 2.5 M, 0.5 mL) was added dropwise at -78°C. After stirring for 2 h, zinc chloride in tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M, 1.3 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol) and compound 2 (1.1 mmol) were added. After heating at 75°C, the mixture was separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 37. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0520] Compound 37 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.03-7.99(m,6H),7.84-7.77(m,6H),7.61-7.57(m,4H) ,7.48(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.35-7.30(m,6H),3.66-3.60(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H).

[0521] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of product 37 was further calculated using the following formula to be 58%.

[0522] Yield = moles of product 37 / moles of compound 36 × 100%

[0523] Step (3): Compound 37 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 0.72 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL), stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (5 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours, and then deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM12. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0524] The compound SAM12 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.03-7.99(m,6H),7.84-7.77(m,6H),7.61-7.57(m,4H) ,7.48(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.35-7.30(m,6H),2.84-2.78(m,2H),2.04-1.99(m,2H).

[0525] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM12. The yield of the product SAM12 was further calculated using the following formula to be 46%.

[0526] Yield = moles of product SAM12 / moles of compound 37 × 100%

[0527] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0528] Example 13

[0529] Example 13 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM13. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0530] Step (1): Compound 38 (1 mmol), compound 10 (1.1 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 2 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloride palladium (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 5% mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The filtrate was obtained through diatomaceous earth. After removing the solvent, the crude product was mixed with compound 39 (1.2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 40. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0531] Compound 40 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ8.00(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.83-7.77(m,4H),7.48-7.43(m,6H),7.34(d ,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.18-7.13(m,4H),4.18-4.12(m,2H),3.54-3.48(m,2H),1.28-1.23(m,3H).

[0532] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 40 was further calculated using the following formula to be 67%.

[0533] Yield = moles of compound 40 / moles of compound 38 × 100%

[0534] Step (2): Compound 40 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the solution pH was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM13. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0535] The compound SAM13 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ13.82 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.77 (m, 4H), 7.48-7.43(m,6H),7.34(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.18-7.13(m,4H),3.54-3.48(m,2H).

[0536] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM13. The yield of the product SAM13 was further calculated using the following formula to be 78%.

[0537] Yield = moles of product SAM13 / moles of compound 40 × 100%

[0538] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0539] Example 14

[0540] Example 14 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM14. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0541] Step (1): Compound 14 (1 mmol) and compound 41 (1.1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours. Compound 42 was obtained after separation by silica gel chromatography. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0542] Compound 42 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ8.74(s,2H),8.04(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=7.6Hz,1H), 7.55(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.27-7.21(m,4H),7.09-7.05(m,6H).

[0543] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 42 was further calculated using the following formula to be 53%.

[0544] Yield = moles of compound 42 / moles of compound 14 × 100%

[0545] Step (2): Compound 42 (1 mmol), compound 10 (1.1 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 2 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloropalladium (5% mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The filtrate was collected through diatomaceous earth. After removing the solvent, the crude product was mixed with compound 43 (1.2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 44. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0546] Compound 44 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ8.76(s,2H),8.23(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.57(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.39-7.36(m,4H),7.28-7.24(m,6 H),7.09-7.04(m,6H),4.04-3.99(m,2H),2.65-2.62(m,2H),2.33-2.31(m,2H),1.83-1.80(m,2H),1.09-1.04(m,3H).

[0547] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 44 was further calculated using the following formula to be 47%.

[0548] Yield = moles of compound 44 / moles of compound 42 × 100%

[0549] Step (3): Compound 44 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), and heated at 75°C for 20 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the solution pH was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM14. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0550] The results of the H-NMR spectrum test on SAM14 are as follows: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.01(s,1H),8.76(s,2H),8.23(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.57(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.39-7. 36(m,4H),7.28-7.24(m,6H),7.09-7.04(m,6H),2.65-2.62(m,2H),2.33-2.29(m,2H),1.73-1.69(m,2H).

[0551] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of SAM14 was further calculated using the following formula to be 47%.

[0552] Yield = moles of SAM14 / moles of compound 44 × 100%

[0553] Example 15

[0554] Example 15 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM15. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0555] Step (1): Referring to step (1) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 45, and compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 8. After the reaction, compound 46 was obtained. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0556] Compound 46 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.53(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.92(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.68(d ,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.36-7.32(m,2H),7.18-7.14(m,2H).

[0557] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 46 was further calculated using the following formula to be 87%.

[0558] Yield = moles of compound 46 / moles of compound 45 × 100%

[0559] Step (2): Compound 46 (1 mmol), compound 10 (1.1 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 2 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloropalladium (5% mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The filtrate was collected through diatomaceous earth. After removing the solvent, the crude product was mixed with compound 47 (1.2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 48. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0560] Compound 48 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.36-8.31(m,4H),8.23-8.17(m,2H),7.94-7.88(m,6H),7.46-7.42(m,6H),7.20-7.16(m,2H).

[0561] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 48 was further calculated using the following formula to be 63%.

[0562] Yield = moles of compound 48 / moles of compound 46 × 100%

[0563] Step (3): Compound 48 (1 mmol), compound 10 (1.1 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 2 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloropalladium (5% mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. The filtrate was collected through diatomaceous earth. After removing the solvent, the crude product was mixed with compound 49 (1.2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 50. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0564] Compound 50 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.36-8.31(m,4H),8.23-8.17(m,2H),8.02(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.94-7.88(m,6H ),7.75(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.46-7.42(m,6H),7.20-7.16(m,2H),4.32-4.28(m,2H),1.33-1.30(m,3H).

[0565] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 50 was further calculated using the following formula to be 71%.

[0566] Yield = moles of compound 50 / moles of compound 48 × 100%

[0567] Step (4): Compound 50 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM15. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0568] The SAM15 was tested by nuclear magnetic proton spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.01 (s, 1H), 8.36-8.31 (m, 4H), 8.23-8.17 (m, 2H), 8.02 (d, J = 7. 6Hz, 2H), 7.94-7.88 (m, 6H), 7.75 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 2H), 7.46-7.42 (m, 6H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 2H).

[0569] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of SAM15 was further calculated using the following formula to be 77%.

[0570] Yield = moles of SAM15 / moles of compound 50 × 100%

[0571] Example 16

[0572] Example 16 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM16. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0573] Step (1): Compound 51 (1 mmol) and compound 52 (1.1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (2 M, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 110° C. under nitrogen protection for 48 hours. Compound 53 was obtained after separation by silica gel chromatography. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0574] Compound 53 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.77(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.71(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7. 6Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.39 (m, 8H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 2H), 7.30 (s, 2H), 7.11-7.03 (m, 4H).

[0575] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 53 was further calculated using the following formula to be 53%.

[0576] Yield = moles of compound 53 / moles of compound 51 × 100%

[0577] Step (2): Compound 53 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF, 10 mL), and n-butyllithium n-hexane solution (n-BuLi, 2.5 M, 0.5 mL) was added dropwise at -78°C. After stirring for 2 h, zinc chloride tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M, 1.3 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5% mmol) and compound 2 (1.1 mmol) were added. After heating at 75°C for 12 h, the mixture was separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 54. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0578] Compound 54 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.77(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.71(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.45-7.39(m,8H),7. 37(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.30(s,2H),7.11-7.03(m,4H),3.65-3.61(m,2H),3.07-3.03(m,2H).

[0579] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 54 was further calculated using the following formula to be 47%.

[0580] Yield = moles of compound 54 / moles of compound 53 × 100%

[0581] Step (3): Compound 54 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 0.72 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (5 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM16. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0582] The SAM16 was tested by nuclear magnetic proton spectrum, and the results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.77(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.71(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.45-7.39(m,8H),7. 37(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.30(s,2H),7.11-7.03(m,4H),2.45-2.42(m,2H),1.64-1.60(m,2H).

[0583] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of SAM16 was further calculated using the following formula to be 47%.

[0584] Yield = moles of SAM16 / moles of compound 54 × 100%

[0585] Example 17

[0586] Example 17 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM17. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0587] Step (1): Referring to step (1) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, Compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 55, and Compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 56. After the reaction, Compound 57 was obtained. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0588] Compound 57 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows: 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ8.55(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.99-7.94(m,6H),7.61-7.53(m,4H),6.67-6.61(m, 1H),4.03-3.99(m,2H),2.65-2.61(m,2H),2.36-2.32(m,2H),1.64-1.59(m,4H)1.10-1.04(m,3H).

[0589] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 57 was further calculated using the following formula to be 36%.

[0590] Yield = moles of compound 57 / moles of compound 55 × 100%

[0591] Step (2): Compound 57 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM17. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0592] The results of nuclear magnetic proton spectrum test on SAM17 are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ11.87 (s, 1H), 8.55 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 2H), 7.99-7.94 (m, 6H), 7.61-7 .53(m,4H),6.67-6.61(m,1H),2.65-2.61(m,2H),2.26-2.23(m,2H),1.64-1.59(m,4H).

[0593] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of SAM17 was further calculated using the following formula to be 77%.

[0594] Yield = moles of SAM17 / moles of compound 57 × 100%

[0595] Comparative Example 1

[0596] Comparative Example 1 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that no passivation layer is provided during the preparation of the solar cell.

[0597] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0598] Comparative Example 2

[0599] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM18. The specific structure is as follows:

[0600] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0601] Comparative Example 3

[0602] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the passivation layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM19. The specific structure is as follows:

[0603] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0604] Please see Table 1 for the relevant physical parameters and test results in each embodiment and comparative example.

[0605] Table 1 Note: “ / ” indicates that the structure or substance does not exist.

[0606] By analyzing the experimental results in Table 1 and comparing Examples 1 to 17 with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that the passivation layer prepared by the organic compound of the present application can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell when used to prepare the solar cell.

[0607] Example 18

[0608] The specific steps for preparing solar cells are as follows:

[0609] 1. Cleaning of FTO conductive glass: Remove 0.35 cm from both ends of a 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm FTO conductive glass by laser etching to expose the glass substrate. Then, ultrasonically clean the glass in deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol for 10 minutes in sequence. Blow dry the solvent with a nitrogen gun and place the cleaned FTO conductive glass in a UV ozone machine for UV ozone cleaning to serve as the first electrode.

[0610] 2. Preparation of the hole transport layer: The above-mentioned compound SAM1 was dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL). The self-assembled molecular solution was spin-coated at 3000 rpm on the surface of the first electrode and annealed to form a self-assembled molecular layer, thereby obtaining a hole transport layer with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0611] 3. Preparation of perovskite layer: Weigh lead iodide (726 mg), iodomethane (240 mg), cesium iodide (19 mg), and lead bromide (11 mg) and dissolve them in 1 mL of a DMF:DMSO mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 4:1. Stir for 3 hours and filter with a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. Spin-coat the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the hole transport layer at a speed of 3000 rpm, anneal at 100°C for 30 minutes, and cool to room temperature to form a perovskite layer with an active substance of the CsFA system and a thickness of 800 nm.

[0612] 4. Preparation of electron transport layer: Spin-coat the electron transport material PC on the surface of the perovskite layer at a speed of 1500 rpm 61 BM was used to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 35 nm, and then a hole blocking material BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was spin-coated at 5000 rpm and annealed at 100 °C for 10 min to form a blocking layer with a thickness of 15 nm.

[0613] 5. Preparation of the second electrode: Place the device obtained in step 4 into an evaporation mask, and evaporate 80 nm of silver on the surface of the hole blocking layer in a vacuum evaporation device to form a second electrode, thereby obtaining a complete perovskite solar cell 20.

[0614] The specific structure of the perovskite solar cell 20 is shown in FIG1 , and includes a first electrode 21 , a hole transport layer 22 , a perovskite layer 23 , an electron transport layer 24 , a hole blocking layer 25 , and a second electrode 26 stacked in sequence.

[0615] 7. Performance test: Refer to step 7 in step 2 of Example 1. See Table 2 for specific results.

[0616] Examples 19 to 34

[0617] Examples 19 to 34 are substantially the same as Example 18, except that compound SAM1, a preparation material of the hole transport layer, is replaced with compounds SAM2 to SAM17 in sequence.

[0618] Comparative Examples 4-5

[0619] Comparative Examples 4 to 5 are substantially the same as Example 18, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compounds SAM18 to SAM19 in sequence.

[0620] The test steps are the same as those in Example 1. Please see Table 2 for specific results.

[0621] The test results of Examples 18 to 34 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 are shown in Table 2.

[0622] Table 2

[0623] Analysis of the experimental results in Table 2 above shows that when the organic compounds and oxygen-containing acid salts of the present application are used as hole transport materials to prepare solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells can also be improved.

[0624] Example 35

[0625] Example 35 is substantially the same as Comparative Example 2, except that the preparation method of the passivation layer in step 3 is:

[0626] The above-mentioned compound SAM1 was used as a doping material and was mixed with SAM18 in a mass ratio of 1:1 and dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (total concentration 1 mg / mL). The self-assembled molecular solution was spin-coated on the surface of the hole transport layer at a speed of 3000 rpm and annealed to form a self-assembled molecular layer, thereby obtaining a passivation layer with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0627] The test steps are the same as those in Example 1. Please see Table 3 for specific results.

[0628] Example 36

[0629] Example 36 is substantially the same as Comparative Example 4, except that the preparation method of the hole transport layer in step 2 is:

[0630] The above-mentioned compound SAM1 was used as a doping material and was mixed with SAM18 in a mass ratio of 1:1 and dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (total concentration of 1 mg / mL). The self-assembled molecular solution was spin-coated on the surface of the first electrode at a speed of 3000 rpm and annealed to form a self-assembled molecular layer, thereby obtaining a hole transport layer with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0631] The test steps are the same as those in Example 1. Please see Table 3 for specific results.

[0632] Example 37

[0633] Example 37 is substantially the same as Example 19, except that step 2 is omitted and SAM2 is added to the perovskite precursor solution in step 3 at a concentration of 1 mg / mL.

[0634] The test steps are the same as those in Example 1. Please see Table 3 for specific results.

[0635] The test results of Examples 35-37 are shown in Table 2.

[0636] Table 3

[0637] Analysis of the experimental results in Table 3 above shows that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells can be improved when the organic compounds and oxygen-containing acid salts thereof of the present application are used as doping materials for the passivation layer, the hole transport layer, and the perovskite layer.

[0638] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0639] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make several modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent in this application shall be based on the appended claims, and the specification and drawings may be used to interpret the claims.

Claims

1. An organic compound, wherein The organic compound is shown in formula (1): Wherein, Ar is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a group represented by formula (A) and a group represented by formula (B): Ar' is selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; Ar1 to Ar6 are independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and at least one of Ar4 to Ar6 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms; L is selected from a chain alkane subunit having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R1 is an oxyacid group; n1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, and m1 is selected from any integer from 1 to 10; Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

2. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein Ar' is independently selected from any one or any combination of the following groups Ar'1 to Ar'7: Among them, Y a ~Y f are independently selected from -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, -Si(R6R7)-, -P(R8)-, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR9)-, -C(=CR 10 )-any one; Each occurrence of Z1 to Z7 is independently selected from C(R 11 ) or N; R2~R 11 are independently selected from H, a halogen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, -OC(=O)R 12 、-NHC(=O)R 13 、-N(R 14 )2. -L1N + (R 15 )3X1 - 、-L2P + (R 16 )3X2 - ; L1 and L2 are independently selected from any one of a single bond and an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R 12 ~R 16 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 12 ~R 13 Not H; X1 - and X2 - are independently selected from halogen ions; * indicates the attachment site.

3. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein Ar' satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (3): (1)Y a ~Y f Each independently selected from any one of -C(R2R3)-, -N(R4)-, -O-, -Si(R6R7)-, -P(R8)- and -S-; (2) R2~R 10 Each of them is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; (3)R 11 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

4. The organic compound according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein Ar' is independently selected from any one or more combinations of the following groups at each occurrence: * indicates the attachment site.

5. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Ar is selected from any one of the groups formed by removing a hydrogen atom from the structures shown in formula (A) to formula (G): wherein X1 to X6 are independently selected from a single bond, C(R 24 R 25 ), O, S, N, NR 26 , C=O or S=O, and X1 and X2 are not single bonds at the same time, X3 and X4 are not single bonds at the same time, and X5 and X6 are not single bonds at the same time; y is selected from any integer from 1 to 3, and when y≥2, X1 is selected from C(R 24 R 25 ); Each occurrence of Y1 is independently selected from CR 27 or N; Y2 to Y6 are each independently selected from C(R 28 R 29 ), O, S, N, NR 30 , any one of C=O or S=O; R 17 ~R 30 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, a halogen group, -N(R 31 2. -CONR 32 、-OCOR 33 , any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted olefin group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms, and R 32 and R 33 Not H or D; Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from any one of H, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; m2, m3 and m5 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 4, m4, m6 and m7 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 6, and m8 and m9 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 2.

6. The organic compound according to claim 5, wherein In formula (C), X1 is a single bond, and X2 is selected from NR 26 When there is at least one R 17 Or at least one R 18 Not for H.

7. The organic compound according to any one of claims 5 to 6, wherein Ar7 and Ar8 are independently selected from H or any one of the following structures: Wherein: Y7 to Y9 are independently selected from CR 34 R 35 , any one of O, S, S=O, C=O; Each Z8~Z 14 Each time it occurs, it is independently selected from CR 36 or N, and Z8~Z in the same structural formula 14 Not all are N; R 34 ~R 36 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted branched-chain alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

8. The organic compound according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein Ar is selected from any one of the following groups: Among them, R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from H, a halogen group, -N(R 66 2. -CONR 67 、-OCOR 68 , any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; R 66～ R 68 Each of them is independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; m 10 ~m 11 、m 14 、m 19 ~m 20 and m 23 are independently selected from any integer from 1 to 5, m 13 、m 16 ~m 17 、m 22 、m 25 ~m 26 are independently selected from any integer from 1 to 6, m 12 、m 15 、m 18 、m 21 、m 24 、m 27 ~m 29 、m 32 ~m 33、 n2 is independently selected from any integer from 1 to 4, m 30 ~m 31 、m 34 ~m 35 are independently selected from any integer from 1 to 2.

9. The organic compound according to claim 8, wherein The organic compound satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (2): (1)R 17 ~R 30 , R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 30 ring atoms; (2)R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

10. The organic compound according to any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein R 17 ~R 30 , R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms substituted by a halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 1 to 15 ring atoms.

11. The organic compound according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein R 17 ~R 30 , R 37 ~R 65 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, a halogen group, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, and a heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 ring atoms.

12. The organic compound according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein R 31 ~R 33 Each occurrence is independently selected from any one of H, D, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms substituted by halogen.

13. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein Each occurrence of R1 is independently selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group or a silicic acid group.

14. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, each occurrence of R1 is independently selected from any one of the following structures: * indicates the attachment site.

15. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein The oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing acid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from a metal ion or NH4 + .

16. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein The organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (SAM1) to formula (SAM17) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by formula (SAM1) to formula (SAM17):

17. Use of the organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 16 as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

18. A solar cell, wherein: The solar cell comprises the organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

19. The solar cell according to claim 18, wherein: The solar cell satisfies any one of conditions (1) to (3): (1) The solar cell includes a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer includes the organic compound; (2) The solar cell comprises a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer comprises the organic compound; (3) The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer provided on at least one side surface of the hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer and the passivation layer includes the organic compound.

20. The solar cell according to claim 19, wherein: A passivation layer is disposed between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer.

21. The solar cell according to any one of claims 19 to 20, wherein: The solar cell meets at least one of conditions (1) to (3): (1) The passivation layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the passivation layer is K1, 0<K1≤100%; (2) the hole transport layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K2, 0<K2≤100%; (3) The perovskite layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, 0.01%<K3≤0.5%.

22. A photovoltaic module, wherein: Comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 18 to 21.

23. A photovoltaic system, wherein: Comprising the photovoltaic module as claimed in claim 22.

24. An electrical device, wherein: The method comprises at least one of the solar cell according to any one of claims 18 to 21 and the photovoltaic module according to claim 22.

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