A method and an apparatus for measuring pulsed laser energy
The laser energy feedback circuit addresses the inefficiencies in measuring pulsed laser energy by using a high-speed comparison circuit to determine if the pulsed laser is within a preset energy range, enabling real-time monitoring and precise control.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/134619
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-11-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for measuring pulsed laser energy are costly and inefficient, particularly for short-pulse lasers, where the laser pulse signal becomes wider due to device capacitance, leading to slow response speeds and high costs.
A laser energy feedback circuit is developed, comprising a pulsed laser receiving circuit, a signal voltage generating circuit, a high-speed comparison circuit, a latch circuit, a control processing circuit, and a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, which generates a photocurrent, converts it to a signal voltage, and compares it to reference values within a preset laser energy range to determine if the pulsed laser is within the desired energy range.
The solution enables real-time monitoring and accurate determination of whether the pulsed laser is within the preset energy range, allowing for precise control and reducing costs associated with existing technologies.
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Figure CN2024134619_05062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING PULSED LASER ENERGYCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to and benefits of Chinese Patent Application Ser. No. 202311587376.2, entitled "A LASER ENERGY FEEDBACK CIRCUIT, A LASER ENERGY FEEDBACK DEVICE, AND A LASER ABLATION APPARATUS " , filed on Nov. 27, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This application relates generally to surgical tools, particularly to surgical tools for making intracavity medical operations, such as intravascular laser ablation.BACKGROUND
[0003] Signals sensed from pulsed laser energy are extremely high in sampling rate. Most existing technologies measuring pulsed laser energy collect and monitor laser emission in real time, which is costly. When processing the collected laser signal, a low-noise signal amplification circuit is used. For short-pulse lasers, the laser pulse signal becomes wider due to the capacitance of the device and peripheral devices, and its response speed is also slow, which is not cost-effective. For these reasons, being able to provide the intracavity procedures using surgical robots is sought after by the need in the medical field. Accordingly, herein disclosed methods and apparatus are directed to solve one or more problems set forth above and other problems.SUMMARY
[0004] In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, herein disclosed is laser energy feedback circuit to be configured for performing laser ablation, the circuitry includes a pulsed laser receiving circuit generating a photocurrent corresponding to a pulsed laser signal, a signal voltage generating circuit receiving and converting the photocurrent to a signal voltage, a comparison circuit electrically receiving the signal voltage, a latch circuit storing results temporarily from the comparison circuit, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit being electrically connected to the comparison circuit and a power supply providing power to each component of the circuit. The control processing circuit is configured to control the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a reference voltage to the comparison circuit corresponding to an instant reference value among a series of reference values within a preset laser energy range. The comparison circuit is configured to make a comparison between the signal voltage and the instant reference value, producing a comparison result which is temporarily stored in the latch circuit. The control processing circuit then determines whether the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range based on the comparison result.
[0005] In another aspect of the present disclosure, herein further disclosed is a method that includes providing a pulsed laser receiving circuit to generate a photocurrent corresponding to a pulsed laser signal, providing a signal voltage generating circuit to receive and convert the photocurrent to a signal voltage, providing a comparison circuit to electrically receive the signal voltage, providing a latch circuit to electrically be connected to the comparison circuit, providing a control processing circuit to electrically connected to the latch circuit, and further providing a digital-to-analog conversion circuit being electrically connected to the comparison circuit, providing a power supply to provide power to each component of the circuit. The control processing circuit is configured to control the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a reference voltage to the comparison circuit corresponding to an instant reference value among a series of reference values within a preset laser energy range. The comparison circuit is configured to make a comparison between the signal voltage and the instant reference value, thereby producing a comparison result which is temporarily stored in the latch circuit, and the control processing circuit determines whether the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range based on the comparison result.
[0006] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the circuitry includes at least one photoelectric sensor for receiving pulsed laser, and a high-voltage power supply generating circuit which is configured to increase a low voltage to a high voltage to drive the photoelectric sensor.
[0007] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the comparison circuit is a high-speed comparison circuit that includes at least a first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator, and the series of reference values includes an upper limit and a lower limit corresponding to the first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator.
[0008] Yet in another aspect of the present disclosure, the comparison result of the first high-speed comparator is different from the comparison result of the second high-speed comparator, the control processing circuit determines that the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range.
[0009] Yet in another aspect of the present disclosure, when the comparison result of the first high-speed comparator is the same as the comparison result of the second high-speed comparator, the control processing circuit determines that the received pulsed laser is outside the preset laser energy range.
[0010] Yet in another aspect of the present disclosure, when the comparison result of the first high-speed comparator is different from the comparison result of the second high-speed comparator, the control processing circuit determines that the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the apparatus or method of the present disclosure are not intended as limiting. For purposes of clarity, not every component is labeled in every drawing. In the following description, various embodiments are described with reference to the following drawings.
[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the laser energy feedback circuit according to the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power module of the laser energy feedback circuit according to the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pulse laser receiving circuit, voltage signal generating circuit and high-speed comparison circuit of the laser energy feedback circuit according to the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control processing circuit of the laser energy feedback circuit according to the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the latch circuit of the laser energy feedback circuit according to the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit of the laser energy feedback circuit according to the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the high-voltage power supply generating circuit of the laser energy feedback circuit according to the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the laser energy feedback device according to the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the laser ablation apparatus according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] In the description of the present disclosure, the term "proximal end" refers to the end close to the operator, and the term "distal end" refers to the end away from the operator; the terms "delivery" , "push" , "advance" , "pull" or "drag" refer to the process of moving from a place away from the operator toward a place near the operator, and the terms "withdrawal" , "withdrawal" or "backward" refer to the process of moving from a place close to the operator toward a place away from the operator, and the terms "horizontal" , "vertical" , "up" , "down" , "left" , "right" , "inside" , "outside" , "between" , "between" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection" , "connected" , "fixed" , "installed" , etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or magnetic connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0022] It should be appreciated that, some parts may be omitted in the figures to assist the clear displays of the corresponding components herein described, although the omitted parts are still important for the operation. Also, it should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure and the individual features of the embodiments may be combined with each other, if not in conflict, and are all within the scope of protection of the disclosure patent.
[0023] Referring to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a laser energy feedback circuit 100 according to the present disclosure, the laser energy feedback circuit 100 includes a power supply circuit 10, a pulsed laser receiving circuit 20, a voltage signal generating circuit 30, a high-speed comparison circuit 40, a latch circuit 50, a control processing circuit 60, a DAC circuit (adigital-to-analog conversion circuit) 70, and a high-voltage power supply generating circuit 80. The power supply circuit 10 is electrically connected to the high-speed comparison circuit 40, the latch circuit 50, the control processing circuit 60, the DAC circuit 70, and the high-voltage power supply generating circuit 80 to provide a power supply voltage.
[0024] Referring to FIG. 2, the power supply circuit 10 in this exemplary embodiment comprises a power supply module, such as that of a switching power supply, a connector J1 and input-output lines. The power supply module 12 draws power through the connector J1 at input voltage of +24VDC with direct current power supply, and the output voltage of +3.3V. Power supply module 12 also preferably includes a power stabilizing chip to facilitate the power supply module with a step-down and voltage stabilizing function. The power supply module 12 is also configured to be connected with the grounds both at the input and output sides.
[0025] Referring now to FIG. 3, the pulsed laser receiving circuit 20, the voltage signal generating circuit 30, and the high-speed comparison circuit 40 are elaborated. In this exemplary embodiment, the pulsed laser receiving circuit 20 includes a photoelectric sensor, a filtering capacitor C1, and a current limiting resistor R1. The photoelectric sensor is preferably a photoelectric receiving diode D1, specifically a Silicon avalanche photodiode, which is used to respond to a pulsed laser signal in the wavelength range of 300nm~1100nm. The high-voltage power supply generating circuit 80 is connected to the second pin of the photoelectric receiving diode D1 through a current limiting resistor R1 to provide +HV high voltage to the photoelectric receiving diode D1. The filtering capacitor C1 is connected to the second pin of the photoelectric receiving diode D1 to provide filtering.
[0026] The voltage signal generating circuit 30 includes a current sensing resistor R2 and a resistor R3. One end of the current sensing resistor R2 is connected to the first pin of the photodiode D1, and the other end is grounded. The current sensing resistor R2 is used to convert the photocurrent into a voltage. In this embodiment, the voltage is an analog voltage.
[0027] The high-speed comparison circuit 40 includes three high-speed comparators U1, U2, and U3. The first pin of the photodiode D1 of the pulsed laser receiving circuit 20 is connected to the current-sense resistor R2 and grounded, and the first pin of the photodiode D1 is connected to the first input terminals (such as the positive input terminals) of the three high-speed comparators U1, U2, and U3 through the resistor R3. The voltage stabilizing chip of the power supply circuit 10 provides +3.3V DC power supply to the three high-speed comparators U1, U2, and U3 of the high-speed comparison circuit 40.
[0028] Referring to FIG, 4, the control processing circuit 60 includes a microcontroller 52, a crystal oscillating circuit 54, a filtering circuit 56 and a reset circuit 58. In this exemplary embodiment, the microcontroller 52 is a single-chip microcomputer U4. The crystal oscillating circuit 54, also called an oscillation circuit, includes a crystal oscillator Y1 and capacitors C4 and C5. Capacitors C4 and C5 are respectively connected to the second pin and the first pin of the crystal oscillator Y1, and are respectively connected to the 24th pin and the 23rd pin of the single-chip microcomputer U4, providing a frequency signal for the normal operation of the single-chip microcomputer U4. The filtering circuit 56 includes a filtering capacitor C3, which is connected to the 30th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U4 and grounded. The reset circuit 58 includes a pull-up resistor R4 and a filtering capacitor C2, which are connected in series. The pull-up resistor R4 and the filtering capacitor C2 are connected to the RESET signal, and the RESET signal is connected to the 6th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U4 through a resistor R6. The voltage stabilizing chip of the power supply circuit 10 provides a +3.3VDC direct current operating voltage for the single-chip microcomputer U4.
[0029] Referring to FIG. 5, which elaborates how the latch circuit 50 being connected to the high-speed comparison circuit 40 and the single-chip computer U4 respectively. Referring back to FIG. 3, the three high-speed comparators U1, U2, and U3 of the high-speed comparison circuit 40 respectively provide outputs UPPER_LIMIT signal, LOWER_LIMIT signal, and PULSE_DETECT signal to the latch circuit 50. The latch circuit 50 is configured to provide outputs respectively LK_UPPER_LIMIT signal, LK_LOWER_LIMIT signal, and LK_PULSE_DETECT signal to the 28th pin, the 1st pin, and the 21st pin of the single-chip computer U4 respectively (see FIG. 4) .
[0030] Referring to FIG. 6, the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60 includes a digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1, filtering capacitors C6 and C7. The voltage stabilizing chip of the power supply circuit 10 is respectively connected to the filtering capacitors C6 and C7 of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60 to provide a +3.3VDC DC working voltage for the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 and is also connected to the resistor R11 of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60 to provide a pull-up effect. The filtering capacitors C6 and C7 are connected to the ground in parallel. The 7th, 9th, 11th and 10th pins of the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 are connected to the 2nd, 16th, 17th and 18th pins of the single-chip microcomputer U4 through resistors R5, R8, R9 and R10, respectively, so that the single-chip microcomputer U4 can control the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 by sending instructions. (See FIG. 4. ) The 2nd, 1st and 16th pins of the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 are connected to the second input terminals (such as the reverse input terminals) of the three high-speed comparators U1, U2 and U3, respectively.
[0031] Referring to FIG. 7, the high-voltage power supply generation circuit 70 includes a switch tube Q1, an inductor L1, a diode D2, a voltage-stabilizing diode D3, D4, D5, a filtering capacitor C8, C9, C10, and resistors R12, R13, and R14. The first pin of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the 19th pin of the single-chip computer U4. The resistor R12 is connected in parallel to the first and second pins of the switch tube Q1. The third pin of the switch tube Q1 is connected in series to the second pin of the inductor L1 through the resistor R13. The first pin of the inductor L1 is connected in series to the connector J1 of the power module where the power supply circuit 10 is located through the filtering capacitor C8, which provides +24VDC direct current power supply. The first pin of the diode D2 is connected in series to the third pin of the switch tube Q1 through the resistor 13. The filtering capacitor C10 is used for filtering the +HV voltage, one end of which is connected to the second pin of the diode D2 and the other end is grounded. At the same time, the filtering capacitor C10 is connected in parallel with the series-connected voltage-stabilizing diodes D3, D4, and D5, and the series-connected voltage-stabilizing diodes D3, D4, and D5 are used to provide a stable voltage. The filtering capacitor C9 is connected to the first pin of the diode D2 through the resistor R14 to absorb the peak voltage.
[0032] While still referring to FIG. 7 and referring back to FIGS. 2 and 4, when the power module is started by taking power from the connector J1, the voltage regulator chip of the power circuit 10 supplies power to the single-chip computer U4, and the 19th pin of the single-chip computer U4 sends a fixed frequency MCU_CON square wave signal to the switch tube Q1 of the high-voltage power generation circuit 70, controlling the on and off of the switch tube Q1 to provide a loop for the energy storage of the inductor L1. The +24VDC DC provided by the voltage regulator chip of the power circuit 10 is boosted to +HV high voltage, such as +320V, by using the boost circuit composed of the switch tube Q1, the inductor L1, and the diode D2. After filtering by the filtering capacitor C10 and storing energy at the same time, the stable +HV high voltage is provided to the pulsed laser receiving circuit 20 in cooperation with the voltage regulator diodes D3, D4, and D5, providing a stable working bias voltage for the photoelectric receiving diode D1.
[0033] Referring to FIGS. 1, 3, 4, and 6, the pulsed laser receiving circuit 20 collects pulsed laser in real time and uses the photoelectric receiving diode D1 to convert the pulsed laser into a photocurrent. The photocurrent flows through the current detection resistor R2 of the voltage signal generating circuit 30 to generate a proportional analog voltage signal and is provided to the first input end (such as the positive input end) of the three high-speed comparators U1, U2, and U3 of the high-speed comparison circuit 40. The single-chip microcomputer U4 sends instructions to the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60. That is, the single-chip microcomputer U4 sends DAC_DATA signal, DAC_CLK signal, DAC_CS#signal, and DAC_LDAC signal to the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1, and controls the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 to output DAC_OUT1 analog voltage signal, DAT_OUT2 analog voltage signal, and DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal to the second input end (such as the reverse input end) of the three high-speed comparators U1, U2, and U3 respectively. The specific values of the DAC_OUT1 analog voltage signal, the DAT_OUT2 analog voltage signal, and the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal are determined by the single-chip microcomputer U4 of the comparison circuit 40 according to a predetermined pulsed laser energy range. In this embodiment, the DAC_OUT1 analog voltage signal corresponds to the upper limit of the preset pulsed laser energy range, the DAT_OUT2 analog voltage signal corresponds to the lower limit of the preset pulsed laser energy range, and the DAT_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponds to any value within the preset pulsed laser energy range or any value outside the pulsed laser energy range.
[0034] After the high-speed comparator U1 compares the analog voltage signal generated by the input voltage signal generating circuit 30 and the DAC_OUT1 analog voltage signal corresponding to the upper limit of the preset pulsed laser energy range, the comparison result is temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50. Similarly, after the high-speed comparator U2 compares the same analog voltage signal generated by the input voltage signal generating circuit 30 and the DAC_OUT2 analog voltage signal corresponding to the lower limit of the preset pulsed laser energy range, the comparison result is temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50. The single-chip microcomputer U4 of the comparison circuit 40 reads the comparison results of the high-speed comparators U1 and U2 temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50 and processes them. If the two are judged to be different, it is considered that the pulsed laser emission is normal (within the preset pulsed laser energy range) ; if the two are judged to be the same, it is considered that the pulsed laser emission is abnormal (outside the preset pulsed laser energy range) . An example is as follows:
[0035] If 0 and 1 are used to represent the comparison result and 0 represents that the first input end (such as the positive input end) of the comparator 40 is smaller than the second input end (such as the reverse input end) of the high-speed comparator, and 1 represents that the first input end (such as the positive input end) of the comparator 40 is larger than the second input end (such as the reverse input end) of the comparator 40, then when the comparison results of the high-speed comparators U1 and U2 are 0 and 1 respectively, it means that the received pulsed laser is within the preset pulsed laser energy range and the emission is normal. When the comparison results of the high-speed comparators U1 and U2 are 0, 0 or 1, 1 respectively, it means that the received pulsed laser is outside the preset pulsed laser energy range and the emission is abnormal. Then the 0 and 1 numerals representing the comparison result are stored in the latch circuit 50 and read and processed by the single-chip microcomputer U4 to determine whether the number representing the comparison result of the high-speed comparator U1 is the same as the number representing the comparison result of the high-speed comparator U2.
[0036] When the DAT_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponds to a value within the preset pulsed laser energy range, the high-speed comparator U3 successively compares the same analog voltage signal generated by the input voltage signal generating circuit 30 and a series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals, and the series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals are continuously reduced and / or continuously increased starting from the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponding to the value within the preset pulsed laser energy range. These comparison results are temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50. The single-chip microcomputer U4 reads these comparison results temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50 and processes them. If it is judged that the two adjacent comparison results are different, the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 at the previous moment is relatively close to the analog voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30, thereby indirectly obtaining the analog voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30 in a close comparison manner. In this way, the single-chip microcomputer U4 can learn the specific energy value of the received pulsed laser. It should be noted that when the single-chip computer U4 controls the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60 to input a series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals to the high-speed comparator U3 in a continuously decreasing (or continuously increasing) manner starting from the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponding to the value within the preset pulsed laser energy range, if the DAC_OUT2 analog voltage signal is close to the value corresponding to the lower limit or upper limit of the preset pulsed laser energy range, and the single-chip computer U4 determines that the two adjacent comparison results are still the same, then the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60 is controlled to input another series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals to the high-speed comparator U3 in a continuously increasing (or continuously decreasing) manner starting from the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponding to the value within the preset pulsed laser energy range, until the single-chip computer U4 determines that the two adjacent comparison results are different.
[0037] When the DAT_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponds to a value outside the preset pulsed laser energy range and is closer to the upper limit, the high-speed comparator U3 successively compares the same analog voltage signal generated by the input voltage signal generating circuit 30 with a series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals, which starts from the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponding to the value outside the preset pulsed laser energy range closest to the upper limit, then continuously decrease in the series. These comparison results are temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50. The single-chip microcomputer U4 reads these comparison results temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50 and processes them. If it is determined that the two adjacent comparison results are different, the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 at the previous moment is relatively close to the analog voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30, thereby indirectly obtain the analog voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30 in a close comparison manner. In this way, the single-chip microcomputer U4 can obtain the specific energy value of the received pulsed laser.
[0038] When the DAT_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponds to a value outside the pulsed laser energy range and closer to the lower limit, the high-speed comparator U3 successively compares the same analog voltage signal generated by the input voltage signal generating circuit 30 with a series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals. The series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals start from the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal corresponding to the value outside the pulsed laser energy range and closest to the upper limit then continue to increase from there. These comparison results are temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50. The single-chip microcomputer U4 reads these comparison results temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50 and processes them. If it is determined that the two adjacent comparison results are different, the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 at the previous moment is relatively close to the analog voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30, thereby indirectly obtain the analog voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30 in a close comparison manner. In this way, the single-chip microcomputer U4 can obtain the specific energy value of the received pulsed laser.
[0039] The above single-chip microcomputer U4 controls the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60 to output a series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals to the high-speed comparator U3, and is also configured to provide outputs of a series of different DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signals to the high-speed comparator U1 or U2. After being temporarily stored by the latch circuit 50 and determined and processed by the single-chip microcomputer U4, the DAC_OUT1 or DAC_OUT2 analog voltage signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 at the previous moment is obtained, and it is regarded as the analog voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30, thereby indirectly obtaining the specific energy value of the received pulsed laser in a close comparison manner. In this way, the high-speed comparator U3 is also able to be negated.
[0040] In fact, in the above process, the high-speed comparator U3 outputs the PUSLE DETECT square wave signal to the latch circuit 50 and is processed by the single-chip microcomputer U4. When the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal keeps decreasing or increasing, as long as the single-chip microcomputer U4 determines the positive and negative conversion of the PUSLE DETECT square wave signal, it means that the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage signal is close to the analog voltage output by the voltage signal generating circuit 30. The analog voltage output by the voltage signal generating circuit 30 can be indirectly known through the DAC_OUT3 analog voltage, thereby obtaining the pulsed laser energy value received by the photoelectric receiving diode D1 relatively closely. As for the degree of proximity, it can be set according to actual needs.
[0041] Since the pulsed laser lasts for a short time and is fleeting in nature, it is difficult to capture. The present disclosure uses a high-voltage driven photoelectric sensor to achieve real-time acquisition. After the high-speed comparison circuit 40 compares the predetermined pairs of input, the comparison result is temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50, so that the control processing circuit 60 has time to process the comparison result to determine whether the pulsed laser is within or outside the predetermined energy range, and whether the emission is normal or abnormal. Furthermore, the control processing circuit 60 can control the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit 60 to provide output of a series of different DAC_OUT analog voltage signals to the high-speed comparison circuit 40 in a manner that is constantly decreasing or constantly increasing. When the control processing circuit 60 determines that the two adjacent comparison results temporarily stored in the latch circuit 50 are different, the DAC_OUT analog voltage signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 at the previous moment is relatively more closely regarded as the analog voltage generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30, thereby indirectly obtaining the analog voltage generated by the voltage signal generating circuit 30 in a manner of choosing a closer value in the comparison, and achieving that the specific energy value of the received pulsed laser relatively accurately. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether the pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range or outside the preset laser energy range, and the specific energy value of the received pulsed laser can be measured in a close proximity and comparative manner, thereby achieving real-time monitoring. It can be seen that the laser energy feedback circuit of the present disclosure achieves a rapid response to the pulsed laser signal, is simple to control, and has low cost. It can also quickly determine the laser energy range and specific energy value at the same time. This method also has a high cost-effectiveness and practicality, reduces the capacitive and inductive loads of the circuit components, and does not cause the pulse width to become wider.
[0042] Referring now to FIG. 8, which is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the laser energy feedback device 200 according to the present disclosure. The laser energy feedback device 200 includes a laser generating device 90 and the above-mentioned laser energy feedback circuit 100. When the laser generating device 90 emits a pulsed laser, the photoelectric sensor of the laser energy feedback circuit 100 is used to collect the pulsed laser in real time, and after the above-mentioned processing, it is quickly determined whether the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range or outside the preset laser energy range, and the specific energy value of the received pulsed laser is relatively accurately known in a close comparison manner, so as to quickly determine the operating state of the laser 90.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 9, which is a schematic diagram of the exemplary embodiment of a laser ablation apparatus 300 according to the present disclosure. The laser ablation apparatus 300 includes a controller 92 and the above-mentioned laser energy feedback device 200. After the operator sets the laser energy value (generally with an allowable error range) or the laser energy range (in a narrow sense) emitted by the laser 90 through the controller 92, the laser generating device 90 emits laser for ablation treatment of lesions such as intravascular calcification, plaque, thrombus or occlusion. The photoelectric sensor of the laser energy feedback circuit 100 in FIG. 1 collects the laser emitted by the laser generating device 90 in real time and converts it into photocurrent, which is fed back to the controller 92 after the above processing by the laser energy feedback circuit 100, so that the operator can monitor the operating status of the laser ablation apparatus 300 in real time and perform precise treatment. Even if the laser emitted by the laser generating device 90 exceeds the predetermined laser energy range, it can be adjusted in time to avoid serious consequences and accidents.
[0044] The above-mentioned embodiments only express limited implementation methods of the present disclosure, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the disclosure patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present disclosure, several deformations and improvements or deteriorations can be made. The scope of protection of the disclosure patent shall be based on the claims.
[0045] Additionally, it is contemplated that systems, devices, methods, and processes of the present disclosure encompass variations and adaptations developed using information from the embodiments described in the following description. Adaptation or modification of the methods and processes described in this specification may be performed by those of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
[0046] Throughout the description, where compositions, compounds, or products are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes and methods are described as having, including, or comprising specific steps, it is contemplated that, additionally, there are articles, devices, and systems of the present application that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that there are processes and methods according to the present disclosure that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
[0047] It should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain action is immaterial so long as the described method remains operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions may be conducted simultaneously.
Claims
1.A circuit, comprising:a pulsed laser receiving circuit generating a photocurrent corresponding to a pulsed laser signal,a signal voltage generating circuit receiving and converting the photocurrent to a signal voltage;a comparison circuit electrically receiving the signal voltage,a latch circuit electrically connected to the comparison circuit,a control processing circuit electrically connected to the latch circuit,a digital-to-analog conversion circuit being electrically connected to the comparison circuit,a power supply providing power to each component of the circuit, wherein,the control processing circuit controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a reference voltage to the comparison circuit corresponding to an instant reference value among a series of reference values within a preset laser energy range, the comparison circuit is configured to make a comparison between the signal voltage and the instant reference value, producing a comparison result which is temporarily stored in the latch circuit, and the control processing circuit determines whether the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range based on the comparison result.2.The circuit of claim 1, wherein the power supply includes a high voltage power generating circuit electrically connected to the pulsed laser receiving circuit.3.The circuit of claim 2, wherein the pulsed laser receiving circuit includes a photoelectric sensor for receiving pulsed laser, and the high-voltage power supply generating circuit is configured to increase a low voltage to a high voltage to drive the photoelectric sensor.4.The circuit of claim 1, wherein the comparison circuit is a high-speed comparison circuit that includes at least a first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator, and the series of reference values includes an upper limit and a lower limit corresponding to the first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator.5.The circuit of claim 4, wherein, when the comparison result of the first high-speed comparator is different from the comparison result of the second high-speed comparator, the control processing circuit determines that the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range.6.The circuit of claim 4, wherein, when the comparison result of the first high-speed comparator is the same as the comparison result of the second high-speed comparator, the control processing circuit determines that the received pulsed laser is outside the preset laser energy range.7.The circuit of claim 1, wherein the control processing circuit controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a series of reference voltage signals to the comparison circuit in a manner of continuously decreasing or increasing in the reference voltage values, starting from a voltage signal corresponding to a predetermined value of pulsed laser energy, and the comparison circuit successively compares the voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit with the series of reference voltage signals and temporarily stores the comparison results in the latch circuit, and when the control processing circuit determines that the two adjacent comparison results are different, the reference voltage signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit at the previous moment is regarded as the voltage signal generated by the voltage signal generating circuit.8.The circuit of claim 4, wherein the control processing circuit controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a series of reference voltage signals to the high-speed comparison circuit in a manner of continuously decreasing in the reference voltage values, starting from the voltage signal corresponding to the predetermined value of the pulsed laser energy, if the control processing circuit determines that the two adjacent comparison results are still the same when the reference voltage signal is close to the lower limit of the pulsed laser energy range, the digital-to-analog conversion circuit outputs a series of reference voltage signals to any high-speed comparator in a continuously increasing manner starting from the voltage signal corresponding to the predetermined value of the pulsed laser energy, until the control processing circuit determines that the two adjacent comparison results are different.9.The circuit of claim 4, wherein the control processing circuit controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a series of reference voltage signals to the high-speed comparison circuit in a manner of continuously increasing in the reference voltage values, starting from the voltage signal corresponding to the predetermined value of the pulsed laser energy, if the reference voltage signal is close to the upper limit of the pulsed laser energy range, and the control processing circuit determines that the two adjacent comparison results are still the same, then the digital-to-analog conversion circuit outputs a series of reference voltage signals to any high-speed comparator in a continuously decreasing manner starting from the voltage signal corresponding to the predetermined value of the pulsed laser energy, until the control processing circuit determines that the two adjacent comparison results are different.10.The circuit of claim 8 or 9, wherein the high-speed comparison circuit also includes a third high-speed comparator, and the first input ends, the second input ends and the output ends of the first high-speed comparator, the second high-speed comparator and the third high-speed comparator are electrically connected to the voltage signal generating circuit, the digital-to-analog conversion circuit, the latch circuit, respectively.11.The circuit of claim 3, wherein the control processing circuit includes a microcontroller having a single-chip microcomputer, the photoelectric sensor is a photoelectric receiving diode, the pulsed laser receiving circuit also includes a filter capacitor and a current limiting resistor and the filter capacitor is connected to a pin of the photoelectric receiving diode for filtering and the high-voltage power supply generation circuit includes a switch tube, an inductor, a diode D2, and voltage-stabilizing diodes D3, D4, and D5, the first pin of the inductor L1 is connected to the power supply, the first pin of the switch tube is connected to the single-chip computer U4, the second pin is grounded, and the third pin is connected to the second pin of the inductor L1, the first pin of the diode D2 is connected to the third pin of the switch tube, the voltage-stabilizing diodes D3, D4, and D5 are connected in series and connected to a second pin of the diode D2, and the voltage-stabilizing diode D3 is connected to the second pin of the photoelectric receiving diode through the current-limiting resistor.12.The circuit of claim 11, wherein the digital-to-analog conversion circuit includes a digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1, four pins of the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 are respectively connected to the four corresponding pins of the single-chip microcomputer, so that the single-chip microcomputer controls the digital-to-analog conversion chip IC1 by sending instructions, and the other three pins of the digital-to-analog conversion chip are respectively connected to the second input ends of the first high-speed comparator, the second high-speed comparator and the third high-speed comparator.13.The circuit of claim 11, wherein the voltage signal generating circuit includes a current sensing resistor R2 and a resistor R3, the current sensing resistor R2 is used to convert the photocurrent into a voltage, one end of which is connected to the first pin of the photoelectric receiving diode and the other end is grounded, and the first pin of the photoelectric receiving diode D1 is respectively connected to the first input ends of the first high-speed comparator, the second high-speed comparator and the third high-speed comparator through the resistor R3.14.The circuit of claim 11, wherein the control processing circuit also includes a reset circuit, the reset circuit includes a pull-up resistor R4 and a filter capacitor C2, the pull-up resistor R4 and the filter capacitor C2 are connected in series and connected to the RESET signal, and the RESET signal is connected to the single-chip microcomputer U4 through the resistor R6.15.The circuit of claim 11, wherein the control processing circuit also includes a filter circuit with a filter capacitor C3, the filter capacitor C3 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer U4 and grounded.16.The circuit of claim 11, wherein the control processing circuit also includes a crystal oscillator circuit, the crystal oscillator circuit includes a crystal oscillator Y1 and capacitors C4 and C5, the capacitors C4 and C5 are respectively connected to the second pin and the first pin of the crystal oscillator Y1, and are respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer, providing a frequency signal for the normal operation of the single-chip microcomputer, and the latch circuit is connected to three pins of the single-chip microcomputer.17.An apparatus comprising,a laser generating device;a pulsed laser receiving circuit generating a photocurrent corresponding to a pulsed laser signal;a signal voltage generating circuit receiving and converting the photocurrent to a signal voltage;a comparison circuit electrically receiving the signal voltage,a latch circuit electrically connected to the comparison circuit,a control processing circuit electrically connected to the latch circuit,a digital-to-analog conversion circuit being electrically connected to the comparison circuit,a power supply providing power to each component of the circuit, wherein,the control processing circuit controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a reference voltage to the comparison circuit corresponding to an instant reference value among a series of reference values within a preset laser energy range, the comparison circuit is configured to make a comparison between the signal voltage and the instant reference value, producing a comparison result which is temporarily stored in the latch circuit, and the control processing circuit determines whether the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range based on the comparison result.18.The apparatus of claim 17 is a laser ablation instrument.19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the power supply includes a high voltage power generating circuit electrically connected to the pulsed laser receiving circuit, and the pulsed laser receiving circuit includes a photoelectric sensor for receiving pulsed laser, and the high-voltage power supply generating circuit is configured to increase a low voltage to a high voltage to drive the photoelectric sensor.20.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the comparison circuit is a high-speed comparison circuit that includes at least a first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator, and the series of reference values includes an upper limit and a lower limit corresponding to the first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator.21.A method comprising,providing a pulsed laser receiving circuit to generate a photocurrent corresponding to a pulsed laser signal,providing a signal voltage generating circuit to receive and convert the photocurrent to a signal voltage,providing a comparison circuit to electrically receive the signal voltage,providing a latch circuit to electrically be connected to the comparison circuit,providing a control processing circuit to electrically connected to the latch circuit,providing a digital-to-analog conversion circuit being electrically connected to the comparison circuit,providing a power supply to provide power to each component of the circuit, wherein,the control processing circuit controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to output a reference voltage to the comparison circuit corresponding to an instant reference value among a series of reference values within a preset laser energy range, the comparison circuit is configured to make a comparison between the signal voltage and the instant reference value, producing a comparison result which is temporarily stored in the latch circuit, and the control processing circuit determines whether the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range based on the comparison result.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the power supply includes a high voltage power generating circuit electrically connected to the pulsed laser receiving circuit.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the pulsed laser receiving circuit includes a photoelectric sensor for receiving pulsed laser, and the high-voltage power supply generating circuit is configured to increase a low voltage to a high voltage to drive the photoelectric sensor.24.The method of claim 21, wherein the comparison circuit is a high-speed comparison circuit that includes at least a first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator, and the series of reference values includes an upper limit and a lower limit corresponding to the first high-speed comparator and a second high-speed comparator.25.The method of claim 24, wherein when the comparison result of the first high-speed comparator is different from the comparison result of the second high-speed comparator, the control processing circuit determines that the received pulsed laser is within the preset laser energy range.26.The method of claim 24, wherein when the comparison result of the first high-speed comparator is the same as the comparison result of the second high-speed comparator, the control processing circuit determines that the received pulsed laser is outside the preset laser energy range.
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