Autonomous electricity generation system in diverse microgrids with static power converters

Abstract

This electricity-generating electrical device generates electricity by the operation of the electrical system itself, which may be a reduced power microgrid, such as those found in electro-domes appliances and some electronic devices, photonic computers and smartphones, conventional microgrids, with for example the microgrids of electric vehicles, electric aircraft, residential, commercial and industrial installations, and high power electrical systems, which can be used for the facilities of electricity more attractive economic viability for supply electrical grids with supply to needy entities, and low-income communities. When imposing an autonomous electrical system, which may generate the electricity itself, it will imply and a relatively greater result in the movement systems, but they depend on battery autonomy, which can be recharged by the systems itself providing greater reliability. The use of machine to be triggered in both use and motor or generator will independent the type of machine, whether induction engine or any type of generator, permanent magnet or synchronous, etc., as the type of drive will depend on the power to be supplied by the system, because using a generator with greater power density, it is provided electrical for the total drive of the generation and electricity motor system required by the connected microgrid, autonomously, which improves the state of the art in the electricity generation system.

Description

[0001] Autonomous Electricity Generation System in Diverse Microgrids with Static Power Converters

[0002] Eng. Vicente Tiburcio dos Santos Junior, MSC,

[0003] 1. Description

[0004] Ten thousand years ago humanity constituted a population of approximately four million people, evolving to around four hundred million people in the year number 1 , and therefore the world population is about eight billion people, demonstrating greater population growth as the evolution of vital sectors occurs for a better coexistence, such as food production, public health, transportation, education, scientific research development with technological applications, and the entire range of subsectors that influence and promote better coexistence with greater safety and quality of life for the population.

[0005] The latest climate measurements verified concerns about the global climate exposed by many governments at the beginning of this century, leading to the classification of various agglomerations, target cities, to use zero-carbon classification goals for gas emissions in all systems that use old - fashioned and polluting technology. Climate improvement efforts are motivated by artificially caused climate change of which the main agents acting in the modification of climate stability comes from activities directly related to human operation in various consumer sectors, leading to the application of rigorous goals and forecast of extinction of polluting gases in various places around the world.

[0006] Vehicle emissions pollutants have an analysis based on a model of microscopic emissions based on velocity, acceleration and type of vehicle fuel to perform instant emissions of CO2 vehicle, nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate material (PM ) and volatile organic compounds (you), for this reason, these emissions in the atmosphere determine an artificial change that considering gases as the main components of increased greenhouse effect, leading to the increase of variations in different forms of cancer and other serious diseases. A significant effect caused by the greenhouse effect relates, with change in water vapor level, which reacts directly to temperature changes, being referred to as resulting from the cyclical process, because it amplifies the effect of forces that initially caused heating. A set of human activities consisting of systems that use electricity from the fossil fuel combustion reaction have led to the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, altering the energy balance of planet Earth. Through these changes, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and oceans tended to increase. This level of carbon dioxide increasing rapidly in the atmosphere providing additional heating, the temperature on the earth's surface, which causes an increase in global temperature.

[0007] Electric vehicles have become a solution to various environmental problem for technologies that make up the transportation and traffic lift systems in urban agglomerations and, therefore, act as protagonists of numerous scientific research. In addition to some vehicles, they have already had higher performance in traction systems in relation to other vehicle technologies with emphasis on autonomy, acceleration, safety, and economic performance.

[0008] Since the early 19th century, electric vehicles have changed a technology capable of acting as a means of transport on the roads similar to vehicles with internal combustion engines (CI). The reduction in the price of batteries in Powertrain, as well as and technological evolution of the performance of electricity storage, life cycle, etc., led vehicle manufacturers to increase research for the development of more durable, sustainable and minimal electrical units with minimal cost. Electrical system planning in terms of the need for autonomy for systems little or not provided with the training of means to provide gathering to form the source of electricity generation, such as renewable energies, which use natural means, such as light from the sun, movement of air masses, movement generated by water, and various other forms of harnessing the generation capacity. Like some sources not highlighted by the less volatility disadvantages, causing intermittent, which generated the application of specific concepts to a more reliable electricity system. The use of electricity storage in an electrical power system provides some advantages that stand out in the classification of a more complete electric power generation system, characterizing systems that use batteries an advantage of having greater resilience to various variations and oscillations which submit the supply of electricity, classifying them with dispatches or not. By definition, a source of power generation of photovoltaic origin, for example, can be considered dispatched if it reaches the necessary requirements related to the modulation of electricity generation through energy storage, where it represents a minimum of 20% of the power generation capacity provided monthly by the generation sistem.

[0009] This system of electricity emphasizes the performance of electricity generation systems formed by various microgrids, and may be low, medium or high-power systems. In an electric car, for example, it acts with the specific function of promoting the operation of the vehicle in order to promote the total regeneration of the electricity required to traction the vehicle according to its displacement, physical constitution and safety. With the inclusion of power generation systems with reduced energy consumed power-consumed electric traction motor, it can be generated by the system itself with the inclusion of energy adaptation from corrected rotation for maximum generation of the power generator with reduced weight, when compared to conventional electrical generators.

Claims

2. ClaimsThis autonomous electricity generation system can be used in various types of electrical systems or devices that have the power required as the power required for their operation in their operation.A structural example model and system constitution is presented in Figure 1, in which an electricity generator appears, which, through the specific pre-defined rotation, promotes the generation of electricity to be transmitted to the consumer charge. In this type of system, such as the generation of electricity is promoted by the effect of the operation of the system itself, an electric motor drives the generator to reach the rotation capable of acting, as the generation mechanism was construction, as a source of electric power generation with enough amount to keep the entire electrical system working, electrical engine and battery charge, unlike conventional systems, that there is a need to connect to a main network, a source of renewable generation, by batteries, which as soon as the discharge occurs should soon be connected to a grid to be charged. In conventional systems, generators cannot provide the necessary power because most of these generators provide electricity with alternating current characteristic and frequency of 60 [Hz], which leads to build a very high weight machine, incapacitating self -generation, as it the generator drive engine has a very high electric power consumption, making the mechanism unfeasible. When using a high frequency feature power generator you can build a generation machine with an electric power generation ratio above 12 kW / kg, much larger than conventional generators, which are built with an average ratio of 2.5 kW / kg, due to the characteristic of the generated voltage, so that this occurs the characteristic of the machine should be adapted, such as the variation in the number of poles as example, increasing the number of poles reduces the mass of the stator. While increasing current density reduces the mass of the reinforcement, as well as whether or not the cooling system, which can reduce the making material, therefore reducing the weight of the machine, improving the state-of-the-art in terms of the efficiency and density of the generated energy. In the compact electrical generator presented, the generated alternating current will be rectified by an AC / DC converter, converting it to direct current, which will go to a DC / DC converter, from there the characteristic of electricity, voltage and current, if It adapts to feed a power inverter, which will provide the voltage with the frequency of 60 Hz, required for the operation of a electric power, for example. In this mechanism the engine starts from the connection of batteries charged by the generation system itself that disconnect from the engine after the initial drive, as the electric motor will be works by the electricity generator, due to the remaining power in its generation capacity. When using an electric motor with a lower rotation than necessary for the generator capacity, a rotation conversion mechanism should be used to adapt the rotation to a necessary value by the generator and at the same time to use a motor with smaller consumption, as the generator has a small weight, which provides the use of reduced electric power consumption motors, and with the necessary torque capacity for the operation of the electrical system.

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