Methods and apparatuses for handling coexistence of single-hop remote UE and multi-hop relay ue
The integration of multi-hop and single-hop relay capabilities in a first UE, allowing it to establish a PC5 connection with a second UE and switch between direct and indirect paths, addresses the challenges of coexistence in wireless communication systems, enhancing efficiency and connectivity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110145
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing the coexistence of single-hop remote user equipment (UE) and multi-hop relay UE, particularly in terms of path selection, relay reselection, and maintaining connections during path switches.
The proposed solution involves a first UE that supports both multi-hop and single-hop relay connections, enabling it to access a base station (BS) directly and establish a PC5 connection with a second UE that supports only single-hop relay connections. This allows the second UE to access the BS through the first UE, while the first UE can switch between direct and indirect paths as needed.
This approach enables efficient coexistence of single-hop and multi-hop relay UEs by allowing seamless transitions between direct and indirect paths, maintaining connections during relay reselections, and optimizing resource allocation in wireless communication systems.
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Figure CN2024110145_12062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR HANDLING COEXISTENCE OF SINGLE-HOP REMOTE UE AND MULTI-HOP RELAY UETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to handling the coexistence of single-hop remote user equipment (UE) and multi-hop relay UE.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communication system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may support wireless communication for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UE, or other suitable terminology. The wireless communication system may support wireless communication with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) ) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communication system may support wireless communication across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) (which is also known as new radio (NR) ) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ” Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” or a “list” may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a first UE. The first UE may include at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first UE to: access a BS via a direct path; and establish a PC5 connection with a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.
[0005] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to perform one or more of the following: determining to reselect to a relay node, receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or reestablishing to a cell selected by the first UE via an indirect path. An indirect path may be a type of UE-to-network (U2N) transmission path, where data is forwarded via a U2N relay UE between a U2N remote UE and the network (e.g., a BS) .
[0006] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to transmit a message to the second UE and the message includes: a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or including a multi-hop indication; a notification message including a multi-hop indication; or a PC5-Srelease message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE.
[0007] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to perform one or more of the following: releasing the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE before determining to reselect to a relay node; indicating, to the BS, that the first UE has the PC5 connection with the second UE which supports the single-hop relay connection; and preferentially selecting a direct path to the BS during a reestablishment procedure if at least one cell and at least one relay UE meet a selection criterion.
[0008] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to maintain the PC5 connection with the second UE after the first UE switches from the direct path to an indirect path to the BS.
[0009] In some embodiments, the switch from the direct path to the indirect path is triggered by a relay reselection at the first UE, a path switch command from the BS to the first UE, or a reestablishment procedure at the first UE.
[0010] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to receive, from the second UE, a request to request the first UE to receive system information for the second UE, to monitor paging for the second UE, or both.
[0011] In some embodiments, the second UE and the BS has a radio resource control (RRC) connection through the first UE state. In some embodiments, the first UE is in a connected, inactive or idle state when the second UE is in an inactive or idle state.
[0012] In some embodiments, the first UE supporting the multi-hop relay connection includes that the first UE supports the single-hop relay connection; or wherein the first UE supports both the single-hop relay connection and the multi-hop relay connection.
[0013] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a second UE. The second UE may include at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second UE to: select a first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a BS, and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; establish a PC5 connection with the first UE; and access the BS via the first UE.
[0014] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the second UE to: receive a message from the first UE; and initiate a relay reselection procedure in response to receiving the message. The message includes: a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or including a multi-hop indication; a notification message including a multi-hop indication; or a PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE.
[0015] In some embodiments, the message is received in response to one of the following: the first UE determining to reselect to a relay node, the first UE receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or the first UE reestablishing an indirect path to the BS. In some embodiments, the PC5-S release message is received before the first UE determining to reselect to the relay node.
[0016] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the second UE to maintain the PC5 connection with the second UE after the first UE switches from the direct path to an indirect path to the BS.
[0017] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the second UE to transmit, to the first UE, a request to request the first UE to receive system information for the second UE, to monitor paging for the second UE, or both.
[0018] In some embodiments, the second UE has an RRC connection with the BS through the first UE. In some embodiments, the first UE is in a connected, inactive or idle state when the second UE is in an inactive or idle state.
[0019] In some embodiments, the first UE supporting the multi-hop relay connection includes that the first UE supports the single-hop relay connection; or wherein the first UE supports both the single-hop relay connection and the multi-hop relay connection.
[0020] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a first UE. The first UE may include at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first UE to: receive, from a second UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and transmit a second message in response to the first message.
[0021] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to access a BS via a direct path.
[0022] In some embodiments, the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second message rejects the establishment of the PC5 connection with the first UE.
[0023] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a second UE. The second UE may include at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second UE to: transmit, to the first UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and receive a second message in response to the first message.
[0024] In some embodiments, in response to the first UE supporting at least a multi-hop relay connection, the second message rejects the establishment of the PC5 connection with the first UE.
[0025] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a processor. The processor includes at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: access a BS via a direct path; and establish a PC5 connection between a first UE and a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.
[0026] In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to perform one or more of the following: determining to reselect to a relay node, receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or reestablishing to a cell selected by the first UE via an indirect path.
[0027] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a processor. The processor includes at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: select a first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a BS; establish a PC5 connection between the first UE and a second UE, wherein the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and access the BS via the first UE.
[0028] In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to: receive a message from the first UE, wherein the message comprises: a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or comprising a multi-hop indication; a notification message comprising a multi-hop indication; or a PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE; and initiate a relay reselection procedure in response to receiving the message.
[0029] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a processor. The processor includes at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a second UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and transmit a second message in response to the first message.
[0030] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a processor. The processor includes at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to a first UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that a second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and receive a second message in response to the first message.
[0031] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes: accessing a BS via a direct path; and establishing a PC5 connection between a first UE and a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.
[0032] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes: selecting a first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a BS; establishing a PC5 connection between the first UE and a second UE, wherein the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and accessing the BS via the first UE.
[0033] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes: receiving, from a second UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and transmitting a second message in response to the first message.
[0034] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes: transmitting, to a first UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that a second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and receiving a second message in response to the first message.
[0035] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus may include: at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions; at least one receiving circuitry; at least one transmitting circuitry; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, the at least one receiving circuitry and the at least one transmitting circuitry, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium and the computer executable instructions may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] In order to describe the manner in which the advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a description of the disclosure is rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope.
[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIGs. 2-5 illustrate flowcharts of methods for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIGs. 6A-7B illustrate flowcharts of methods for wireless communication performed by a UE in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0042] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an NE in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0043] The detailed description of the appended drawings is intended as a description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only form in which the present disclosure may be practiced. It should be understood that the same or equivalent functions may be accomplished by different embodiments that are intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0044] Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. To facilitate understanding, embodiments are provided under a specific network architecture (s) and new service scenarios, such as the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR or 6G, 3GPP LTE, and so on. It is contemplated that along with the developments of network architectures and new service scenarios, all embodiments in the present disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems; and moreover, the terminologies recited in the present disclosure may change, which should not affect the principles of the present disclosure.
[0045] When a communication system includes both a single-hop remote UE and a multi-hop relay UE, various issues need to be resolved. The present disclosure provides solutions to solve the problems in the scenario of the coexistence of a single-hop remote UE and a multi-hop relay UE.
[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of wireless communication system 100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0047] The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more NEs 102 (e.g., one or more BSs) , one or more UEs 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultra-wideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , and IEEE 802.20. The wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communication system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0048] The one or more NEs 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communication system 100. One or more of the NEs 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN) , a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an NE 102 may include a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs) . An F1 interface may be established between the DU of NE 102 and the CU of NE 102.
[0049] An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0050] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with a different NE 102.
[0051] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communication system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0052] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0053] A relaying function based on a sidelink may be supported in the wireless communication system 100. For example, a UE 104 supporting sidelink communication may function as a relay node to extend the coverage of an NE 102 (e.g., a BS) . An out-of-coverage or in-coverage UE may access a BS via a relay node (e.g., a relay UE) . In some implementations, a UE, which functions as a relay between another UE (also referred to as a remote UE) and a BS, may be referred to as a UE-to-network (U2N) relay. The remote UE and the BS may establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection (e.g., end-to-end RRC connection) through the relay UE. The remote UE may have various RRC states, such as RRC_idle state, RRC_inactive state and RRC_connected state.
[0054] An NE 102 may support communication with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with another NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N3 or another network interface) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more NEs 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0055] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NEs 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0056] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0057] In the wireless communication system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communication) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0058] In some embodiments, the NEs 102 may include one or more relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes or wireless access backhaul (WAB) nodes which can provide wireless access services for UEs 104. A relay node (or an IAB node or a WAB node) can directly access (e.g., connect to) a BS or hop through one or more relay nodes (or one or more IAB or WAB nodes) before reaching the BS.
[0059] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communication system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A sixth numerology (e.g., μ=5) may be associated with a sixth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 480 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A seventh numerology (e.g., μ=6) may be associated with a seventh subcarrier spacing (e.g., 960 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. For ambient IoT communication, additional numerologies (e.g., μ=-1 or μ =-2) may be introduced corresponding to 7.5 kHz or 3.75 kHz respectively.
[0060] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0061] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communication system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings (SCSs) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0062] In the wireless communication system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communication system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communication over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communication traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0063] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0064] A UE 104 may include computing devices, such as desktop computers, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , tablet computers, smart televisions (e.g., televisions connected to the Internet) , set-top boxes, game consoles, security systems (including security cameras) , vehicle on-board computers, network devices (e.g., routers, switches, and modems) , or the like. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE 104 may include a portable wireless communication device, a smart phone, a cellular telephone, a flip phone, a device having a subscriber identity module, a personal computer, a selective call receiver, or any other device that is capable of sending and receiving communication signals on a wireless network. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE 104 includes wearable devices, such as smart watches, fitness bands, optical head-mounted displays, or the like. Moreover, a UE 104 may be referred to as a subscriber unit, a mobile, a mobile station, a user, a terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a fixed terminal, a subscriber station, a user terminal, or a device, or described using other terminology used in the art. A UE 104 may communicate with an NE 102 (e.g., a BS) via uplink (UL) communication signals. An NE 102 may communicate with a UE 104 via downlink (DL) communication signals.
[0065] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate over licensed spectrums, whereas in some other embodiments, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate over unlicensed spectrums. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementation of any particular wireless communication system architecture or protocol. Persons skilled in the art should understand that as technology develops and advances, the terminologies described in the present disclosure may change, but should not affect or limit the principles and spirit of the present disclosure.
[0066] A remote UE may access a BS via a relay UE. In some embodiments, a remote UE may support a single-hop relay connection, but does not support a multi-hop relay connection. For example, a remote UE only supports reaching a BS by hopping through a single relay UE, and does not support reaching the BS by hopping through more than one relay UE. Such a remote UE is referred to as a single-hop remote UE in the present disclosure. A relay UE may support a multi-hop relay connection. In the context of the present disclosure, a relay UE supporting a multi-hop relay connection implies that the relay UE can also support the single-hop relay connection. For example, a relay UE can either access (e.g., connect to) a BS directly (also referred to as having a direct path to the BS) or reach the BS by hopping through one or more relay nodes (also referred to as having an indirect path to the BS) . Such a relay UE is referred to as a multi-hop relay UE in the present disclosure. A direct path may mean that there is a Uu interface between the relay UE and the BS. An indirect path may be a type of U2N transmission path, where data is forwarded via a U2N relay UE between a U2N remote UE and the network (e.g., a BS) . Supporting a single-hop relay connection can also be referred to as supporting a single-hop relay function and supporting a multi-hop relay connection can also be referred to as supporting a multi-hop relay function.
[0067] In the present disclosure, "a relay UE supporting a multi-hop relay connection" and "a relay UE supporting both a single-hop relay connection and a multi-hop relay connection" can be used interchangeably. If, outside the context of the present disclosure, " a relay UE supporting a multi-hop relay connection" cannot mean that the relay UE can also support the single-hop relay connection, then "a relay UE supporting a multi-hop relay connection" in the present disclosure can be replaced with "a relay UE supporting both a single-hop relay connection and a multi-hop relay connection" such that the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure can also be applied.
[0068] When a communication system includes both a single-hop remote UE and a multi-hop relay UE, various issues need to be resolved. For example, can a single-hop remote UE select or reselect a multi-hop relay UE in order to access a BS? For example, if a single-hop remote UE can camp on a multi-hop relay UE or can access (e.g., connect to) a BS via a multi-hop relay UE, can the multi-hop relay UE reselect to, perform reestablishment with, or be handed over to a relay node (e.g., another relay UE)? If a multi-hop relay UE can reselect to, perform reestablishment with, or be handed over to a relay node, how should the single-hop remote UE (s) connected to the multi-hop relay UE via a PC5 link be handled? Embodiments of the present disclosure propose solutions to solve the problems in the scenario of the coexistence of a single-hop remote UE and a multi-hop relay UE. More details on the embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the following text in combination with the appended drawings.
[0069] As stated above, a remote UE may access a BS via a relay UE (e.g., U2N relay UE or L2 U2N relay UE) . In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a single unicast link may be established between the relay UE and the remote UE. The traffic of the remote UE via the relay UE and the traffic of the relay UE may be separated in different Uu relay radio link control (RLC) channels. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the remote UE can only be configured to use resource allocation mode 2 for data to be relayed.
[0070] Either a remote UE or a relay UE can have an RRC state, such as RRC_idle state, RRC_inactive state or RRC_connected state. In the case of path switch, a relay UE in an RRC_idle state, RRC_inactive state or RRC_connected state can be selected as a target relay UE. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, to perform relaying of unicast data (e.g., to perform transmission and / or reception of relayed unicast data) , both a relay UE and a remote UE need to be in an RRC_connected state. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a relay UE can be in an RRC_idle state, RRC_inactive state or RRC_connected state as long as the remote UEs (e.g., all the remote UEs) that are connected to the relay UE are either in an RRC_inactive state or an RRC_connected state.
[0071] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when a communication system includes both a single-hop remote UE and a multi-hop relay UE, a single-hop remote UE may not be allowed to select or reselect to a multi-hop relay UE. For example, even if a multi-hop relay UE has a direct path to a BS at a certain time, the single-hop remote UE is not allowed to select or reselect to the multi-hop relay UE. Various methods can be employed to identify a multi-hop relay UE or to avoid establishing a PC5 connection between a single-hop remote UE and a multi-hop relay UE.
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 200 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 2. For example, UE 204A and UE 204B may function as UE 104 in FIG. 1.
[0073] Referring to FIG. 2, UE 204A can perform relay selection, relay reselection, cell selection and cell reselection. For example, when UE 204A is switched on, UE 204A may perform a relay selection if UE 204A is out of coverage. If UE 204A is in coverage of a cell, UE 204A can perform both relay selection and cell selection. In some embodiments, UE 204A may stay at an idle or inactive state and perform relay reselection or cell reselection.
[0074] The purpose of relay (re) selection or cell (re) selection includes finding a suitable relay node (e.g., a relay UE) or a suitable cell. If at least one suitable relay UE and at least one suitable cell are found, it may be up to the implementation of a remote UE (e.g., UE 204A) to select one of them. The parameters related to the definition of a suitable relay UE or a suitable cell (e.g., threshold) may be transmitted to the remote UE or predefined in 3GPP specifications.
[0075] In some embodiments, UE 204A may only support the single-hop relay connection and UE 204B may support the multi-hop relay connection. In some embodiments, UE 204A is not allowed to select or reselect to UE 204B.
[0076] For example, in some embodiments, UE 204B may transmit a discovery message indicating that UE 204B supports the multi-hop relay connection. For example, UE 204B may broadcast the discovery message. In response to receiving the discovery message or the indication, UE 204A may not select or reselect to UE 204B. For example, even if UE 204B has a direct path to a BS, UE 204A may not select or reselect to UE 204B.
[0077] In some embodiments, UE 204A may select or reselect UE 204B as the target relay UE. At 213, UE 204A may transmit a request to UE 204B for establishing a PC5 connection with UE 204B. In some embodiments, the request message may indicate that UE 204A supports a single-hop relay connection. In response to receiving the indication, UE 204B may, at 215, transmit a response message rejecting the establishment of the PC5 connection. UE 204B may be in an idle, inactive or connected state. In some embodiments, when UE 204B is in a connected state, UE 204B may ask the BS (not shown in FIG. 2) whether to access UE 204A. If the BS indicates rejecting UE 204A, UE 204B then rejects the PC5 connection establishment at 215.
[0078] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 200 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 200 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0079] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when a communication system includes both a single-hop remote UE and a multi-hop relay UE, a single-hop remote UE may be allowed to select or reselect to a multi-hop relay UE. For example, a single-hop remote UE can select or reselect to a multi-hop relay UE having a direct path to a BS. In some scenarios, the multi-hop relay UE may switch from the direct path to an indirect path. The switch can be triggered under various conditions, including for example, a relay reselection at the multi-hop relay UE, a path switch command from the BS to the multi-hop relay UE, or a reestablishment procedure at the multi-hop relay UE. Various methods can be employed to handle the remote UE (s) connected to the multi-hop relay UE via the PC5 connection.
[0080] FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 300 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 3. For example, UE 304A and UE 304B may function as UE 104 in FIG. 1.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 3, UE 304A can perform relay selection, relay reselection, cell selection and cell reselection. For example, when UE 304A is switched on, UE 304A may perform a relay selection if UE 304A is out of coverage. If UE 304A is in coverage of a cell, UE 304A can perform both relay selection and cell selection. In some embodiments, UE 304A may stay at an idle or inactive state and may perform relay reselection or cell reselection.
[0082] The purpose of relay (re) selection or cell (re) selection includes finding a suitable relay node (e.g., a relay UE) or a suitable cell. If at least one suitable relay UE and at least one suitable cell are found, it may be up to the implementation of a remote UE (e.g., UE 304A) to select one of them. The parameters related to the definition of a suitable relay UE or a suitable cell (e.g., threshold) may be transmitted to the remote UE or predefined in 3GPP specifications.
[0083] UE 304A may only support the single-hop relay connection and UE 304B may support the multi-hop relay connection. UE 304A may select or reselect a suitable relay UE or a suitable cell. For example, at 311, UE 304B may directly access (e.g., connect to) a BS (not shown in FIG. 3) . Or in other word, UE 304B may directly access (e.g., connect to) a cell of the BS. Still at 311, UE 304A may select or reselect UE 304B as the target relay node, establish a PC5 connection with UE 304B, and access a BS (not shown in FIG. 3) via UE 304B.
[0084] In some embodiments, UE 304A may camp on UE 304B. In the context of the present disclosure, "a UE camping on a node" suggests that the UE is in an inactive or idle state and "a UE accessing a node" suggests that the UE can be in any of the inactive, idle or connected states.
[0085] In some embodiments, UE 304B may reselect to a relay node (e.g., a relay UE) . In other words, UE 304B may switch from the direct path to a BS to an indirect path to a BS via a relay node and the switch is caused by the relay reselection at UE 304B.
[0086] In some embodiments, before UE 304B determines to reselect to a relay node, UE 304B may release the PC5 connection between UE 304A and UE 304B. For example, UE 304B may transmit a PC5-S release message to UE 304A to release the PC5 connection.
[0087] In some embodiments, procedure 320 (denoted in a dotted block as an option) in FIG. 3 may be performed. For example, in response to determining to reselect to a relay node, UE 304B may transmit a message to UE 304A at 321. In response to receiving the message, UE 304A may initiate a relay reselection procedure, a cell reselection procedure or both at 323. The PC5 connection between UE 304A and UE 304B may be released.
[0088] In some embodiments, the message transmitted to UE 304A at 321 may be a discovery message indicating that UE 304B will switch from the direct path to an indirect path. For example, the discovery message may indicate a number of hops to a BS via UE 304B (e.g., after the path switch) or the discovery message may include a multi-hop indication. For example, the multi-hop indication may indicate that there is more than one hop to the BS via UE 304B. In some embodiments, the message may be a notification message including the multi-hop indication. In some embodiments, the message may be a PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between UE 304A and UE 304B.
[0089] In some embodiments, procedure 330 (denoted in a dotted block as an option) in FIG. 3 may be performed. For example, at 331, UE 304A may still camp on UE 304B when UE 304B accesses a BS via a relay node. For example, if there is no suitable relay node supporting the single-hop relay connection or no suitable cell, UE 304A may still camp on UE 304B. However, when UE 304A needs to transit to a connected state, UE 304A should perform a relay reselection, a cell reselection or both. In some embodiments, at 333, UE 304A, which camps on UE 304B, may transmit a request to UE 304B to request UE 304B to receive system information for UE 304A, to monitor paging for UE 304A, or both.
[0090] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 300 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 300 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0091] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 400 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 4. For example, UE 404A and UE 404B may function as UE 104 in FIG. 1 and BS 402 may function as NE 102 in FIG. 1.
[0092] Referring to FIG. 4, UE 404A can perform relay selection, relay reselection, cell selection and cell reselection. For example, when UE 404A is switched on, UE 404A may perform a relay selection if UE 404A is out of coverage. If UE 404A is in coverage of a cell, UE 404A can perform both relay selection and cell selection. In some embodiments, UE 404A may stay at an idle or inactive state and may perform relay reselection or cell reselection.
[0093] The purpose of relay (re) selection or cell (re) selection includes finding a suitable relay node (e.g., a relay UE) or a suitable cell. If at least one suitable relay UE and at least one suitable cell are found, it may be up to the implementation of a remote UE (e.g., UE 404A) to select one of them. The parameters related to the definition of a suitable relay UE or a suitable cell (e.g., threshold) may be transmitted to the remote UE or predefined in 3GPP specifications.
[0094] UE 404A may only support the single-hop relay connection and UE 404B may support the multi-hop relay connection. UE 404A may select or reselect a suitable relay UE or a suitable cell. For example, at 411, UE 404B may directly access (e.g., connect to) BS 402. Or in other word, UE 404B may directly access (e.g., connect to) a cell of BS 402. Still at 411, UE 404A may select or reselect UE 404B as the target relay node, establish a PC5 connection with UE 404B, and access BS 402 via UE 404B.
[0095] In some embodiments, UE 404B may be handed over from the direct path to an indirect path or UE 404B may reestablish communication with a cell via an indirect path. For example, UE 404B may be in a connected state and UE 404A may camp on UE 404B. For example, BS 402 may transmit a path switch command (also referred to as a handover command) to UE 404B to switch it to an indirect path. That is, UE 404B will access a cell via a relay node (e.g., a relay UE) after the path switch. For example, UE 404B may perform a reestablishment procedure to a cell via a relay node (e.g., a relay UE) . The cell for reestablishment is selected by UE 404B.
[0096] In some embodiments, UE 404B may indicate, to BS 402, that it has a PC5 connection with at least one UE (e.g., UE 404A) which supports the single-hop relay connection. BS 402 may take the indication into account when preparing a path switch command for UE 404B. For example, BS 402 may preferentially select a target cell over a target relay when it prepares a path switch command for UE 404B.
[0097] In some embodiments, UE 404B may preferentially select a direct path to a BS during a reestablishment procedure. For example, if at least one cell and at least one relay node (e.g., relay UE) meet a (re) selection criterion, UE 404B may preferentially select one of the at least one cell for reestablishment.
[0098] In some embodiments, in response to UE 404B receiving a path switch command from BS 402 to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or in response to UE 404B reestablishing to a cell via an indirect path, UE 404B may transmit a message to UE 404A. In response to receiving the message, UE 404A may initiate a relay reselection procedure, a cell reselection procedure or both. The PC5 connection between UE 404A and UE 404B may be released. For example, at 413, BS 402 may transmit a path switch command to UE 404B to switch it to an indirect path; and in response to receiving the path switch command, UE 404B may, at 415, inform UE 404A that it will switch from the direct path to an indirect path.
[0099] In some embodiments, the message transmitted to UE 404A may be a discovery message indicating a number of hops to a BS via UE 404B (e.g., after the path switch) or a discovery message including a multi-hop indication. For example, the multi-hop indication may indicate that there is more than one hop to the BS via UE 404B. In some embodiments, the message may be a notification message including the multi-hop indication. In some embodiments, the message may be a PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between UE 404A and UE 404B.
[0100] In some embodiments, UE 404A may still camp on UE 404B when UE 404B accesses a BS via a relay node. For example, if there is no suitable relay node supporting the single-hop relay connection or no suitable cell, UE 404A may still camp on UE 404B. However, when UE 404A needs to transit to a connected state, UE 404A should perform a relay reselection, a cell reselection or both. In some embodiments, UE 404A, which camps on UE 404B, may transmit a request to UE 404B to request UE 404B to receive system information for UE 404A, to monitor paging for UE 404A, or both.
[0101] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 400 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 400 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0102] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 500 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 5. For example, UE 504A and UE 504B may function as UE 104 in FIG. 1 and BS 502 may function as NE 102 in FIG. 1.
[0103] Referring to FIG. 5, UE 504A can perform relay selection, relay reselection, cell selection and cell reselection. For example, when UE 504A is switched on, UE 504A may perform a relay selection if UE 504A is out of coverage. If UE 504A is in coverage of a cell, UE 504A can perform both relay selection and cell selection. In some embodiments, UE 504A may stay at an idle or inactive state and may perform relay reselection or cell reselection.
[0104] The purpose of relay (re) selection or cell (re) selection includes finding a suitable relay node (e.g., a relay UE) or a suitable cell. If at least one suitable relay UE and at least one suitable cell are found, it may be up to the implementation of a remote UE (e.g., UE 504A) to select one of them. The parameters related to the definition of a suitable relay UE or a suitable cell (e.g., threshold) may be transmitted to the remote UE or predefined in 3GPP specifications.
[0105] UE 504A may only support the single-hop relay connection and UE 504B may support the multi-hop relay connection. UE 504A may select or reselect a suitable relay UE or a suitable cell. For example, at 511, UE 504B may directly access (e.g., connect to) BS 502. Or in other word, UE 504B may directly access (e.g., connect to) a cell of BS 502. Still at 511, UE 504A may select or reselect UE 504B as the target relay node, establish a PC5 connection with UE 504B, and have an end-to-end RRC connection with BS 502 via UE 504B.
[0106] In some embodiments, UE 504B may be handed over from the direct path to an indirect path or UE 504B may reestablish communication with a cell via an indirect path. For example, both UE 504A and UE 504B may be in a connected state. For example, BS 502 may transmit a path switch command (also referred to as a handover command) to UE 504B to switch it to an indirect path. That is, UE 504B will access a cell via a relay node (e.g., a relay UE) after the path switch. For example, UE 504B may perform a reestablishment procedure to a cell via a relay node (e.g., a relay UE) . The cell for reestablishment is selected by UE 504B.
[0107] In some embodiments, at 513, UE 504B may indicate, to BS 502, that it has a PC5 connection with at least one UE (e.g., UE 504A) which supports the single-hop relay connection. BS 502 may take the indication into account when preparing a path switch command for UE 504B. For example, at 515, BS 502 may preferentially select a target cell over a target relay when it prepares a path switch command for UE 504B.
[0108] In some embodiments, UE 504B may preferentially select a direct path to a BS during a reestablishment procedure. For example, if at least one cell and at least one relay node (e.g., relay UE) meet a (re) selection criterion, UE 504B may preferentially select one of the at least one cell reestablishment.
[0109] In some embodiments, in response to UE 504B receiving a path switch command from BS 502 to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or in response to UE 504B reestablishing to a cell via an indirect path, UE 504B may transmit a message to UE 504A. In response to receiving the message, UE 504A may initiate a relay reselection procedure, a cell reselection procedure or both at 525. The PC5 connection between UE 504A and UE 504B may be released.
[0110] In some embodiments, the message transmitted to UE 504A may be a discovery message indicating a number of hops to a BS via UE 504B (e.g., after the path switch) or a discovery message including a multi-hop indication. For example, the multi-hop indication may indicate that there is more than one hop to the BS via UE 504B. In some embodiments, the message may be a notification message including the multi-hop indication. In some embodiments, the message may be a PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between UE 504A and UE 504B.
[0111] In some embodiments, it may be up to the implementation of the network (e.g., BS 502) on how to deal with UE 504A which supports the single-hop relay connection. For example, BS 502 may handover UE 504A before switching UE 504B from the direct path to an indirect path.
[0112] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 500 may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 500 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0113] FIG. 6A illustrates a flowchart of method 600A for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 6A. In some examples, method 600A may be performed by a UE, for example, UE 104 in FIG. 1, UE 204B in FIG. 2, UE 304B in FIG. 3 and UE 404B in FIG. 4 and UE 504B in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions or operations. In some examples, a processor of a UE may cause the UE to perform method 600A.
[0114] At 611, a first UE may access a BS via a direct path. At 613, the first UE may establish a PC5 connection with a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.
[0115] In some embodiments, the first UE may perform one or more of the following: determining to reselect to a relay node, receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or reestablishing to a cell selected by the first UE via an indirect path.
[0116] In some embodiments, the first UE may perform transmit a message to the second UE. The message includes: a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or including a multi-hop indication; a notification message including a multi-hop indication; or a PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE.
[0117] In some embodiments, the first UE may perform one or more of the following: releasing the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE before determining to reselect to a relay node; indicating, to the BS, that the first UE has the PC5 connection with the second UE which supports the single-hop relay connection; and preferentially selecting a direct path to the BS during a reestablishment procedure if at least one cell and at least one relay UE meet a selection criterion.
[0118] In some embodiments, the first UE may maintain the PC5 connection with the second UE after the first UE switches from the direct path to an indirect path to the BS.
[0119] In some embodiments, the switch from the direct path to the indirect path is triggered by a relay reselection at the first UE, a path switch command from the BS to the first UE, or a reestablishment procedure at the first UE.
[0120] In some embodiments, the first UE may receive, from the second UE, a request to request the first UE to receive system information for the second UE, to monitor paging for the second UE, or both.
[0121] In some embodiments, the second UE and the BS has an RRC connection through the first UE state. In some embodiments, the first UE is in a connected, inactive or idle state when the second UE is in an inactive or idle state.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first UE supporting the multi-hop relay connection includes that the first UE supports the single-hop relay connection; or wherein the first UE supports both the single-hop relay connection and the multi-hop relay connection.
[0123] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 600A may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 600A may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0124] FIG. 6B illustrates a flowchart of method 600B for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 6B. In some examples, method 600B may be performed by a UE, for example, UE 104 in FIG. 1, UE 204B in FIG. 2, UE 304B in FIG. 3 and UE 404B in FIG. 4 and UE 504B in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions or operations. In some examples, a processor of a UE may cause the UE to perform method 600B.
[0125] At 621, a first UE may receive, from a second UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection. At 623, the first UE may transmit a second message in response to the first message.
[0126] In some embodiments, the first UE may access a BS via a direct path.
[0127] In some embodiments, the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second message rejects the establishment of the PC5 connection with the first UE.
[0128] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 600B may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 600B may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0129] FIG. 7A illustrates a flowchart of method 700A for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 7A. In some examples, method 700A may be performed by a UE, for example, UE 104 in FIG. 1, UE 204A in FIG. 2, UE 304A in FIG. 3 and UE 404A in FIG. 4 and UE 504A in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions or operations. In some examples, a processor of a UE may cause the UE to perform method 700A.
[0130] At 711, a second UE may select a first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a BS, and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection. At 713, the second UE may establish a PC5 connection with the first UE. At 715, the second UE may access the BS via the first UE.
[0131] In some embodiments, the second UE may: receive a message from the first UE;and initiate a relay reselection procedure in response to receiving the message. The message includes: a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or including a multi-hop indication; a notification message including a multi-hop indication; or a PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE.
[0132] In some embodiments, the message is received in response to one of the following: the first UE determining to reselect to a relay node, the first UE receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or the first UE reestablishing an indirect path to the BS. In some embodiments, the PC5-S release message is received before the first UE determining to reselect to the relay node.
[0133] In some embodiments, the second UE may maintain the PC5 connection with the second UE after the first UE switches from the direct path to an indirect path to the BS.
[0134] In some embodiments, the second UE may transmit, to the first UE, a request to request the first UE to receive system information for the second UE, to monitor paging for the second UE, or both.
[0135] In some embodiments, the second UE has an RRC connection with the BS through the first UE. In some embodiments, the first UE is in a connected, inactive or idle state when the second UE is in an inactive or idle state.
[0136] In some embodiments, the first UE supporting the multi-hop relay connection includes that the first UE supports the single-hop relay connection; or wherein the first UE supports both the single-hop relay connection and the multi-hop relay connection.
[0137] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 700A may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 700A may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0138] FIG. 7B illustrates a flowchart of method 700B for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 7B. In some examples, method 700B may be performed by a UE, for example, UE 104 in FIG. 1, UE 204A in FIG. 2, UE 304A in FIG. 3 and UE 404A in FIG. 4 and UE 504A in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions or operations. In some examples, a processor of a UE may cause the UE to perform method 700B.
[0139] At 721, a second UE may transmit, to the first UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection. At 723, the second UE may receive a second message in response to the first message.
[0140] In some embodiments, in response to the first UE supporting at least a multi-hop relay connection, the second message rejects the establishment of the PC5 connection with the first UE.
[0141] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 700B may be changed and some of the operations in exemplary method 700B may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0142] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a UE 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 800 may include a processor 802, a memory 804, a controller 806, and a transceiver 808. The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0143] The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0144] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate the memory 804. In some other implementations, the memory 804 may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the UE 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0145] The memory 804 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 802 cause the UE 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 804 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0146] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause the UE 800 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) . For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the UE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the UE 800 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-7B.
[0147] For example, the UE 800 may be configured to support: a means for accessing a BS via a direct path; and a means for establishing a PC5 connection between the UE 800 and a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the UE 800, wherein the UE 800 supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.
[0148] For example, the UE 800 may be configured to support: a means for selecting a first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a BS; a means for establishing a PC5 connection between the first UE and the UE 800, wherein the UE 800 supports a single-hop relay connection; and a means for accessing the BS via the first UE.
[0149] For example, the UE 800 may be configured to support: a means for receiving, from a second UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the UE 800, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and a means for transmitting a second message in response to the first message.
[0150] For example, the UE 800 may be configured to support: a means for transmitting, to a first UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the UE 800 supports a single-hop relay connection; and a means for receiving a second message in response to the first message.
[0151] The controller 806 may manage input and output signals for the UE 800. The controller 806 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 800. In some implementations, the controller 806 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 806 may be implemented as part of the processor 802.
[0152] In some implementations, the UE 800 may include at least one transceiver 808. In some other implementations, the UE 800 may have more than one transceiver 808. The transceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may include one or more receiver chains 810, one or more transmitter chains 812, or a combination thereof.
[0153] A receiver chain 810 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 810 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0154] A transmitter chain 812 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) . The transmitter chain 812 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 812 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 812 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0155] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary UE 800 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary UE 800 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary UE 800, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the UE 800 may not include the controller 806.
[0156] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0157] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0158] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0159] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine a subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 904. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs, and other functional units of the processor 900.
[0160] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
[0161] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0162] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0163] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the processor 900 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-7B.
[0164] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support: a means for accessing a BS via a direct path; and a means for establishing a PC5 connection between a first UE and a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.
[0165] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support: a means for selecting a first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a BS, wherein a direct path means a Uu interface between the first UE and the BS; a means for establishing a PC5 connection between the first UE and a second UE, wherein the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and a means for accessing the BS via the first UE.
[0166] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support: a means for receiving, from a second UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with a first UE, wherein the first message indicates that the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and a means for transmitting a second message in response to the first message.
[0167] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support: a means for transmitting, to a first UE, a first message for establishing a PC5 connection with the first UE, wherein the first message indicates that a second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; and a means for receiving a second message in response to the first message.
[0168] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary processor 900 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary processor 900 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary processor 900, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the processor 900 may not include the ALUs 906.
[0169] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an NE 1000 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 1000 may include a processor 1002, a memory 1004, a controller 1006, and a transceiver 1008. The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0170] The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, an ASIC, or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0171] The processor 1002 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1002 may be configured to operate the memory 1004. In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may be integrated into the processor 1002. The processor 1002 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the NE 1000 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0172] The memory 1004 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1002 cause the NE 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1004 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0173] In some implementations, the processor 1002 and the memory 1004 coupled with the processor 1002 may be configured to cause the NE 1000 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1002, instructions stored in the memory 1004) . For example, the processor 1002 may support wireless communication at the NE 1000 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the NE 1000 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-5.
[0174] The controller 1006 may manage input and output signals for the NE 1000. The controller 1006 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 1000. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may be implemented as part of the processor 1002.
[0175] In some implementations, the NE 1000 may include at least one transceiver 1008. In some other implementations, the NE 1000 may have more than one transceiver 1008. The transceiver 1008 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1008 may include one or more receiver chains 1010, one or more transmitter chains 1012, or a combination thereof.
[0176] A receiver chain 1010 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1010 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., an LNA) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0177] A transmitter chain 1012 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) . The transmitter chain 1012 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as AM, FM, or digital modulation schemes like PSK or QAM. The transmitter chain 1012 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1012 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0178] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary NE 1000 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary NE 1000 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary NE 1000, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the NE 1000 may not include the controller 1006.
[0179] Those having ordinary skill in the art would understand that the operations or steps of the methods described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Additionally, in some aspects, the operations or steps of the methods may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and / or instructions on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0180] While this disclosure has been described with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art. The disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded with the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. For example, various components of the embodiments may be interchanged, added, or substituted in other embodiments. Also, all of the elements of each figure are not necessary for the operation of the disclosed embodiments. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art of the disclosed embodiments would be enabled to make and use the teachings of the disclosure by simply employing the elements of the independent claims. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosure as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0181] In this document, this document, the terms "handover, " "path switch" and "cell switch" may be used interchangeably. The terms "path switch" and "path change" may be used interchangeably. The terms "cell switch" and "cell change" may be used interchangeably. The terms "select" and "reselect" may be used interchangeably. The term " (re) selection" may include selection, reselection or both selection and reselection depending on the context. The terms "includes, " "including, " or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "a, " "an, " or the like does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element. Also, the term "another" is defined as at least a second or more. The term "having" or the like, as used herein, is defined as "including. " Expressions such as A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include any and all combinations of words enumerated along with the expression. For instance, the expression "A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include A, B, or both A and B. The wording "the first, " "the second" or the like is only used to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure, but is not used to limit the substance of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A first user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first UE to:access a base station (BS) via a direct path; andestablish a PC5 connection with a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.2.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to perform one or more of the following: determining to reselect to a relay node, receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or reestablishing to a cell selected by the first UE via an indirect path.3.The first UE of Claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to transmit a message to the second UE, and the message comprises:a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or comprising a multi-hop indication;a notification message comprising a multi-hop indication; ora PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE.4.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to perform one or more of the following:releasing the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE before determining to reselect to a relay node;indicating, to the BS, that the first UE has the PC5 connection with the second UE which supports the single-hop relay connection; andpreferentially selecting a direct path to the BS during a reestablishment procedure if at least one cell and at least one relay UE meet a selection criterion.5.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to maintain the PC5 connection with the second UE after the first UE switches from the direct path to an indirect path to the BS.6.The first UE of Claim 5, wherein the switch from the direct path to the indirect path is triggered by a relay reselection at the first UE, a path switch command from the BS to the first UE, or a reestablishment procedure at the first UE.7.The first UE of Claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first UE to receive, from the second UE, a request to request the first UE to receive system information for the second UE, to monitor paging for the second UE, or both.8.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the second UE and the BS has a radio resource control (RRC) connection through the first UE state; orwherein the first UE is in a connected, inactive or idle state when the second UE is in an inactive or idle state.9.The first UE of Claim 1, wherein the first UE supporting the multi-hop relay connection comprises that the first UE supports the single-hop relay connection; or wherein the first UE supports both the single-hop relay connection and the multi-hop relay connection.10.A second user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second UE to:select a first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a base station (BS) , and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection;establish a PC5 connection with the first UE; andaccess the BS via the first UE.11.The second UE of Claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second UE to:receive a message from the first UE, wherein the message comprises:a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or comprising a multi-hop indication;a notification message comprising a multi-hop indication; ora PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE; andinitiate a relay reselection procedure in response to receiving the message.12.The second UE of Claim 11, wherein the message is received in response to one of the following: the first UE determining to reselect to a relay node, the first UE receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or the first UE reestablishing an indirect path to the BS; or wherein the PC5-S release message is received before the first UE determining to reselect to the relay node.13.The second UE of Claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second UE to maintain the PC5 connection with the second UE after the first UE switches from the direct path to an indirect path to the BS.14.The second UE of Claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second UE to transmit, to the first UE, a request to request the first UE to receive system information for the second UE, to monitor paging for the second UE, or both.15.The second UE of Claim 10, wherein the second UE has a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the BS through the first UE; orwherein the first UE is in a connected, inactive or idle state when the second UE is in an inactive or idle state.16.The second UE of Claim 10, wherein the first UE supporting the multi-hop relay connection comprises that the first UE supports the single-hop relay connection; or wherein the first UE supports both the single-hop relay connection and the multi-hop relay connection.17.A processor, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:access a base station (BS) via a direct path; andestablish a PC5 connection between a first user equipment (UE) and a second UE to enable the second UE to access the BS via the first UE, wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection.18.The processor of Claim 17, wherein the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to perform one or more of the following: determining to reselect to a relay node, receiving a command from the BS to switch from the direct path to an indirect path, or reestablishing to a cell selected by the first UE via an indirect path.19.A processor, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:select a first user equipment (UE) , wherein the first UE supports at least a multi-hop relay connection and has a direct path to a base station (BS) ;establish a PC5 connection between the first UE and a second UE, wherein the second UE supports a single-hop relay connection; andaccess the BS via the first UE.20.The processor of Claim 19, wherein the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to:receive a message from the first UE, wherein the message comprises:a discovery message indicating a number of hops to the BS via the first UE or comprising a multi-hop indication;a notification message comprising a multi-hop indication; ora PC5-S release message to release the PC5 connection between the first UE and the second UE; andinitiate a relay reselection procedure in response to receiving the message.
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