Stator for an electric machine, electric machine for driving a vehicle, and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (1) comprising a stator core (2), which has a plurality of slots (6), and a stator winding (7), which has N phases (U, V, W), where N ≥ 2; wherein – each phase (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8a, 8b) which have leg portions (9.1 to 9.24) provided within the slots and which form a current path (14a) for each phase (U, V, W); – the slots (6) are divided into first to L-th layers (19a to 19d) which form first to (L / 2)-th double layers (20a, 20b), receiving areas for each phase (U, V, W) form 2·winding zones with first to (2·P)-th winding zone indices (21a to 21f), and the current path (14a) comprises first to (L·P)-th of the leg portions (9.1 to 9.12), where L ≥ 4 and is an even number and P ≥ 2; – for all 0 ≤ b ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ c ≤ 2·P, the (2·P·b+c)-th leg portion (9.1 to 9.12) of the current path (14a) is positioned in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone (21a to 21f) and the (b+1)-th double layer (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c); – for all 1 ≤ d ≤ L·P / 2, the (2·d–1)-th and (2·d)-th leg portions (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) are spaced apart from one another by N·q slots (6), q ≥ 2; – for all 1 ≤ f ≤ L / 2–1, the (2·f·P)-th and (2·f·P+1)-th leg portions (9.6, 9.7) are spaced apart from one another by N·q slots (6); and – for all 0 ≤ g ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ i ≤ P–1, the (g·2·P+2·i)-th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)-th leg portions (9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.11) are spaced apart from one another by N·q–1 slots (6) when g is a specified first parity and by N·q+1 slots (6) when g is a second parity which differs from the first parity.

Description

[0001] Stator for an electrical machine, electrical machine for driving a vehicle and vehicle

[0002] The present invention relates to a stator for an electric machine, an electric machine for driving a vehicle and a vehicle.

[0003] Stators with a stator winding made of shaped conductors have become the focus of industrial development efforts, particularly in the field of automotive drives. A key requirement is a symmetrical design of the stator winding to avoid rotor position-dependent compensating currents when operating an electrical machine with such a stator.

[0004] The invention is based on the object of providing a possibility for the symmetrical operation of an electrical machine with a stator winding formed from shaped conductors, which is particularly suitable for automotive use.

[0005] This object is achieved according to the invention by a stator for an electrical machine, comprising a stator core which has a longitudinal axis, two axially opposite end faces and a plurality of slots which extend from one of the end faces to the other of the end faces, and a stator winding which has a number N of strands, where N > 2; wherein each strand is formed by shaped conductors which have leg sections arranged within the slots and form connecting sections which each electrically conductively connect a pair of the leg sections to one another at the end faces; wherein the shaped conductors form a current path for each strand from the leg sections which are connected in series by means of the connecting sections;wherein the slots are subdivided into first to L-th layers, which are named according to their order in the radial direction and form first to (L / 2)-th double layers from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers for all 1 < a < L / 2, where L > 4 and is straight; wherein each slot in each of the layers forms a receiving location for one of the leg sections and the receiving locations for a respective strand form 2-P winding zones with first to (2-P)-th winding zone indices along predetermined circumferential directions, where P > 2; wherein the current path comprises first to (LP)-th of the leg sections, which are named according to their order along the series connection; where for all 0 < b < L / 2-1 and all 1 < c < 2-P the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section of the current path is located in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index and the (b+1 )-th double layer;where, for all 1 < d < LP / 2, the (2-d-1)-th and (2-d)-th leg sections are spaced Nq slots apart, where q is a natural number and q > 2; where, for all 1 < f < L / 2-1, the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1)-th leg sections are spaced Nq slots apart; where, for all 0 < g < L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < P-1, the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1)-th leg sections are spaced Nq-1 slots apart if g has a predetermined first parity, and N-q+1 slots apart if g has a second parity different from the first parity;

[0006] The stator according to the invention for an electrical machine comprises a stator core. The stator core has a longitudinal axis, two end faces, and a plurality of slots. The end faces are axially opposite one another. The slots extend from one of the end faces to the other of the end faces. The stator further comprises a stator winding. The stator winding has a number N of phases, where N > 2.

[0007] Each strand is formed by shaped conductors. The shaped conductors have leg sections. The leg sections are arranged within the slots. The shaped conductors form connecting sections. The connecting sections each electrically connect a pair of leg sections to one another at the end faces. The shaped conductors form a current path for each strand from the leg sections connected in series via the connecting sections. The slots are divided into first to L-th layers, where L > 4 and are straight. The layers are named according to their order in the radial direction. The layers form first to (L / 2)-th double layers from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers for all 1 < a < L / 2. Each slot forms a receiving location for one of the leg sections in each of the layers. The receiving locations for a respective strand form 2-P winding zones, where P > 2.The winding zones have first to (2- P)-th winding zone indices along a given circumferential direction.

[0008] The current path comprises the first through (LP)-th leg sections, named according to their order along the series circuit. For all 0 < b < L / 2—1 and all 1 < c < 2-P, the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section of the current path is located in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index and the (b+1)-th double layer. For all 1 < d < LP / 2, the (2-d-1)-th and (2-d)-th leg sections are spaced Nq slots apart. q is a natural number and q > 2. For all 1 < f < L / 2—1, the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1)-th leg sections are spaced Nq slots apart.

[0009] For all 0 < g < L / 2— 1 and all 1 < i < P-1, the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg sections are spaced Nq-1 slots apart when g has a given first parity, and Nq+1 slots apart when g has a second parity different from the first parity.

[0010] The invention is based on the idea of ​​achieving the symmetry of the stator winding in that the leg sections connected on one of the end faces, namely the (2-d-1 )-th and (2-d)-th leg sections, and the leg sections arranged in different double layers and connected on the other of the end faces, namely the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1 )-th leg sections, have a spacing of Nq slots. In addition, those leg sections that are connected on the other end face and are located in the same double layer, namely the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg sections, change their spacing from double layer to double layer between Nq-1 slots and N-q+1 slots, i.e. depending on the parity of the running index g. It can be provided that the first parity is even and the second parity is odd, or that the first parity is odd and the second parity is even.

[0011] The terms "axial," "axial direction," "radial," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" refer to the longitudinal axis. The specified circumferential direction can be clockwise or counterclockwise when viewed from one of the end faces.

[0012] The stator core is formed, in particular, from a plurality of individual laminations arranged in axial layers and / or electrically insulated from one another. The stator core can therefore also be considered or referred to as a stator lamination stack. The slots typically extend axially within the stator core.

[0013] The number of phases is preferably exactly three or exactly six. The phases can be connected as a star connection or a delta connection. In particular, a connection device is provided for connecting the phases as a star connection or a delta connection. Typically, the current path forms a wave winding.

[0014] The number of layers is preferably at most sixteen, particularly preferably at most twelve. In a preferred embodiment, L is exactly four, six, or eight. The first layer can be the radially outermost or the radially innermost of the layers. q can also be understood as the number of slots per pole and phase. In other words, the stator core can have a total of 2-PqN slots. In particular, q > 3.

[0015] Particularly preferably, q is an odd number. In particular, q = 3 or q = 5. An odd number of holes often places high demands on the realization of a symmetrical stator winding, which the stator according to the invention meets.

[0016] It is particularly preferred that P = q.

[0017] A winding zone is understood, in particular, to be a contiguous group of receiving locations that accommodate leg sections belonging to the same phase and through which current flows in the same direction when an N-phase alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding. Each winding zone preferably extends over exactly q slots.

[0018] It is also preferred if L and P are relatively prime. In this case, too, the stator allows for a symmetrical design of the stator winding.

[0019] The winding zones can additionally have (2-P+1)th to (4-P)th winding zone indices according to their sequence along a circumferential direction opposite to the specified circumferential direction, where the (2-P+1)th winding zone index and the (2-P+1)th winding zone index designate the same winding zone. Each winding zone of a phase thus has two designations or winding zone indices.

[0020] In a preferred development of the stator according to the invention, it is provided that the current path further comprises (L-P+1)-th to (2-LP)-th leg sections, which are named according to their order along the series connection, wherein the (L-P+2-P-b+c)-th leg section is arranged in the winding zone with the (2-P+c)-th winding zone index and the [(L / 2)-b]-th double layer, wherein the (L-P+2-d-1)-th and (L-P+2-d)-th leg sections are spaced Nq slots from each other, wherein the (L-P+f-2-P)-th and (L-P+f-2-P+1)-th leg sections are spaced Nq slots from each other, wherein the (L-P+(L / 2-g)-2-P+2-i)-th and [L- P+(L / 2-g)-2- P+2-i+1 ]-th leg sections are Nq-1 grooves apart when g has the first parity, N-q+1 grooves apart when g has the second parity.Figuratively speaking, the distances of the first to (LP)-th leg sections are mirrored to the arrangement of the (L-P+1)-th to (2-LP)-th leg sections in order to achieve a symmetrical stator winding even when a current path is provided with 2-LP leg sections.

[0021] Preferably, the (LP)-th leg section and the (L-P+1)-th leg section are connected in series through one of the connecting sections. The (LP)-th leg section and the (L-P+1)-th leg section can be spaced apart by Nq grooves.

[0022] In detail, it can be provided that the (L-P+1)-th leg section is arranged in the L-th layer and / or the (2-LP)-th leg section is arranged in the first layer and / or two leg sections from the groups of the first to (LP)-th leg sections and the (L-P+1)-th to (2-LP)-th leg sections which are immediately consecutive with respect to the series connection are arranged in layers of different parity.

[0023] In the stator according to the invention, it can generally be provided that the first leg section is arranged in the first position and / or the (LP)-th leg section is arranged in the L-th position.

[0024] In addition, each strand can further comprise second to P-th current paths, whose leg sections are arranged relative to each other in accordance with the first current path. It is preferred if the j-th current path is offset from the first current path by 2-Nq-(j—1) grooves along the opposite circumferential direction, where 2 < j < P. The P current paths can be connected in parallel or in series. In particular, the connecting device can be designed to connect the P current paths of a respective strand in parallel or in series.

[0025] In the stator according to the invention, it is preferably provided that a respective connecting section on a first of the end faces is formed integrally with the leg sections connected by it. A respective connecting section on a second of the end faces can be formed by electrically conductive and mechanical connection of the leg sections connected by it. The connection can be materially bonded, for example by welding. The first and second leg sections can be connected to one another by a connecting section on the second end face, and the leg sections following one another in relation to the series connection can be connected to one another alternately at the first and second end faces.

[0026] In particular, the specified circumferential direction with respect to the first end face is counterclockwise.

[0027] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by an electric machine for driving a vehicle, comprising a rotor and a stator according to the invention, wherein the rotor is rotatably mounted relative to the stator. The electric machine can be a synchronous machine. The rotor can be permanently excited or electrically excited. Alternatively, the electric machine can be an asynchronous machine.

[0028] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a vehicle comprising an electric machine according to the invention for driving the vehicle. The vehicle can be a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid vehicle.

[0029] All embodiments of the stator according to the invention can be transferred analogously to the electrical machine according to the invention and the vehicle according to the invention, so that the advantages described above can also be achieved with these.

[0030] Further advantages and details of the present invention will become apparent from the following drawings. These are schematic representations and show:

[0031] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the stator according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the stator winding according to the first embodiment;

[0032] Fig. 3 is a winding diagram of one of the strands according to the first embodiment;

[0033] Fig. 4 is a detailed representation of the winding diagram of the first current path of the phase shown in Fig. 3 according to the first embodiment;

[0034] Fig. 5 is a winding diagram of the first current path of one of the strands according to a second embodiment of the stator according to the invention; and

[0035] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention with an embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention.

[0036] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a stator 1 .

[0037] The stator 1 has a stator core 2, which has a longitudinal axis 3, a first end face 4, and a second end face 5 opposite the end face 4. A plurality of circumferentially distributed slots 6 of the stator core 2 extend from the first end face 4 to the second end face 5, only three of which are schematically shown in Fig. 1. The stator core 2 is formed, by way of example, from a plurality of axially layered, electrically insulated individual laminations (not shown), so that it can also be referred to or considered a stator lamination stack.

[0038] The stator 1 further comprises a stator winding 7, which in the present exemplary embodiment has N = 3 phases U, V, W (see Fig. 2). Each phase U, V, W is formed by shaped conductors 8a, 8b, which have leg sections 9 arranged within the slots 6. The shaped conductors 8a, 8b further form first connecting sections 10a on the first end face 4 and second connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5. Each connecting section 10a, 10b connects a pair of leg sections 9 arranged in different slots 6. The connecting sections 10a, 10b on a respective end face 4, 5 form a winding head 12, 13 on the corresponding end face 4, 5.

[0039] In detail, shaped conductors of the first type 8a and shaped conductors of the second type 8b are provided. The shaped conductors of the first type 8a each have two leg sections 9, which are formed integrally with the connecting section 10a connecting them on the first end face 4. The shaped conductors of the second type 8b have only one leg section 9 and one connection section 11 on the first end face 4. On the second end face 5, the connecting sections 10b are formed by mechanically and electrically conductively connecting the leg sections 9 of two shaped conductors 8a, 8b. In Fig. 1, only one shaped conductor of the first type 8a and one shaped conductor of the second type 8b are shown in full. Another shaped conductor of the first type 8a, which forms one of the second connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5 with the fully shown shaped conductor of the first type 8a, is shown in part.The first type 8a form conductors can also be called U-pins and the second type 8b form conductors can also be called I-pins.

[0040] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 according to the first embodiment.

[0041] In the present exemplary embodiment, each phase U, V, W has a number of current paths 14a, 14b, 14c corresponding to the number of pole pairs P = 3, from the leg sections 9 connected in series by means of the connecting sections 10, 11. Each current path 14a, 14b, 14c has a first conductor sequence 15a and a second conductor sequence 15b connected in series. By means of a connecting device 16, which is shown only schematically in Fig. 1, the current paths 14a, 14b, 14c of a respective phase U, V, W are connected in parallel. The connecting device 16 also forms phase connections 17u, 17v, 17w, and the phases U, V, W are connected to form a star connection with a star point 18. According to alternative embodiments, the current paths 14a, 14b, 14c are connected in series and / or the strands U, V, W are connected to form a delta circuit.

[0042] Fig. 3 is a winding diagram of one of the phases U according to the first exemplary embodiment. In an upper table, receiving locations for the leg sections 9 of the phases U, V, W are represented by different hatching. The three lower tables show the respective winding diagrams of the current paths 14a, 14b, 14c of the phase U. The connecting sections 10a on the first end face 4 are represented by dashed arrows between the receiving locations in which the leg sections 9 connected by the respective connecting section 10a are arranged, and connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5 are represented by solid arrows between the receiving locations in which the leg sections 9 connected by the respective connecting section 10b are arranged. A numbering of the slots 6 is shown between the upper table and the three lower tables.

[0043] Each of the grooves 6 is subdivided into an even number of L layers 19a to 19d, with L = 4 in the present exemplary embodiment. The layers 19a to 19d are named the first to sixth (= L-th) layers according to their order in the radial direction. For example, the first layer 19a is the innermost layer and the fourth layer 19d is the radially outermost layer. In addition, the grooves 6 are subdivided into (L / 2) double layers, i.e., a first double layer 20a and a second double layer 20b. The i-th double layer 20a, 20b is formed from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers 19a to 19d for all 1 < i < L / 2 = 2. This means that the first double layer 20a comprises the first layer 19a and the second layer 19b, and the second double layer 20b comprises the third layer 19c and the fourth layer 19d. In each groove 6, one of the layers 19a to 19f of the groove 6 forms a receiving location. Each cell thus represents a receiving location.Each phase U, V, W is further arranged in 2-P winding zones within the slots 6. By way of example, in this exemplary embodiment, 2-P = 6 winding zones are provided per phase U, V, W. The number of winding zones of a phase U, V, W corresponds to the number of poles 2-P of the stator winding 9. In each winding zone, the leg sections will be flowed through in the same direction of current when an N-phase alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding 9. In each individual layer 19a to 19f, a winding zone 21a to 21f, 21g to 21l extends over q = 3 slots, so that in this case P = q.

[0044] Each winding zone of a respective phase U, V, W is provided in the present case with two winding zone indices 21 a to 21 f, 21 g to 21 l for a respective current path 14 a, 14 b, 14 c. On the one hand, the winding zones have first to sixth (= 2-P-th) winding zone indices 21 a to 21 f according to their sequence along a predetermined circumferential direction 22, which is, for example, counterclockwise with respect to the first end face 4 (see Fig. 1 ). On the other hand, according to their sequence along a circumferential direction 23 opposite to the given circumferential direction 22, they have seventh [= (2-P+1)-th] to twelfth [= 4-P-th] winding zone indices 21g to 211, wherein the seventh [= (2-P+1)-th] winding zone index 21g and the fifth [= (2-P— 1)-th] winding zone index 21e designate the same winding zone. In detail, this means,

[0045] - that the first winding zone index 21 a and the eleventh winding zone index 21 k designate the same winding zone,

[0046] - that the second winding zone index 21 b and the tenth winding zone index 21 j designate the same winding zone,

[0047] - that the third winding zone index 21 c and the ninth winding zone index 21 i designate the same winding zone,

[0048] - that the fourth winding zone index 21 d and the eighth winding zone index 21 h designate the same winding zone,

[0049] - that the fifth winding zone index 21 e and the seventh winding zone index 21 g designate the same winding zone,

[0050] - that the sixth winding zone index 21f and the twelfth winding zone index 211 designate the same winding zone. Fig. 4 is a detailed representation of the winding scheme of the first current path 14a of phase U, in which, for reasons of clarity, the first conductor sequence 15a and the second conductor sequence 15b are shown in separate tables.

[0051] The first conductor sequence 15a comprises the first to twelfth (=LP-th) of the leg sections 9.1 to 9.12, which are named according to their sequence along the series circuit. The second conductor sequence 15b comprises the thirteenth (= 2-L-P+1-th) to twenty-fourth (= 4-LP-th) of the leg sections 9.13 to 9.24, which are named according to their sequence along the series circuit.

[0052] For all 0 < b < 1 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < c < 6 = 2-P the following applies:

[0053] - the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section is arranged in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index and the (b+1 )-th double layer and

[0054] - the (L-P+2-P-b+c)-th leg section is arranged in the winding zone with the (2-P+c)-th winding zone index and the [(L / 2)—b]-th double layer.

[0055] The arrangement of the leg sections 9.1 to 9.24 in the double layers 20a, 20b and the winding zones with the corresponding winding zone indices 21a to 21f, 21g to 211 is shown in the following two tables:

[0056] bc 2-P-b+c (2-P-b+c)-ter (b+1)-te c-ter

[0057] Leg section double layer winding zone index

[0058] 0 1 1 9.1 20a 21a

[0059] 0 2 2 9.2 20a 21b

[0060] 0 3 3 9.3 20a 21c

[0061] 0 4 4 9.4 20a 21d

[0062] 0 5 5 9.5 20a 21 e

[0063] 0 6 6 9.6 20a 21f

[0064] 1 1 7 9.7 20b 21a

[0065] 1 2 8 9.8 20b 21b

[0066] 1 3 9 9.9 20b 21c

[0067] 1 4 10 9.10 20b 21d

[0068] 1 5 11 9.11 20b 21e

[0069] 1 6 12 9.12 20b 21f bc L-P+2-P-b+c (L-P+2-P-b+c)-ter [(L / 2)— b]-th (2-P+c)-ter

[0070] Leg section double layer winding zone index

[0071] 0 1 13 9.13 20b 21g

[0072] 0 2 14 9.14 20b 21h

[0073] 0 3 15 9.15 20b 21 i

[0074] 0 4 16 9.16 20b 21j

[0075] 0 5 17 9.17 20b 21k

[0076] 0 6 18 9.18 20b 211

[0077] 1 1 19 9.19 20a 21g

[0078] 1 2 20 9.20 20a 21h

[0079] 1 3 21 9.21 20a 21 i

[0080] 1 4 22 9.22 20a 21j

[0081] 1 5 23 9.23 20a 21k

[0082] 1 6 24 9.24 20a 211

[0083] Furthermore, for all 1 < d < 6 = LP / 2, the (2-d-1)th and (2-d)th leg sections as well as the (L-P+2-d-1)th and (L-P+2-d)th leg sections are spaced apart by nine (= Nq) grooves 6. In this case, these are the leg sections 9.1 to 9.24, which are connected to each other by second connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5, as shown in the following table:

[0084] In addition, for all 1 < f < L / 2-1, the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1)-th leg sections as well as the (L-P+f-2-P)-th and (L-P+f-2-P+1)-th leg sections are spaced apart from each other by nine (= Nq) grooves 6. Since in the present embodiment L / 2-1 = 1, this applies for f = 1 to the distance between the sixth (= 1 -2-P-th) and seventh (= 1 -2-P+1 -th) leg sections 9.6, 9.7 as well as the distance between the eighteenth (= L-P+1 -2-P)-th and nineteenth (= L-P+1 -2-P+1 )-th leg sections 9.18, 9.19. These are therefore leg sections 9.6, 9.7, 9.18, 9.19 that are arranged in different double layers 20a, 20b. In the present embodiment, these leg sections 9.6, 9.7, 9.18, 9.19 are connected by first connecting sections 10a on the first end face 4.

[0085] In addition, for all 0 < g < 1 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < 2 = P-1, the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg sections are spaced eight (= Nq-1 ) slots 6 apart when g has a predetermined first parity and ten (= N-q+1 ) slots 6 apart when g has a second parity different from the first parity, the (L-P+(L / 2-g)-2-P+2-i)-th and [L- P+(L / 2-g)-2- P+2-i+1 ]-th leg sections are spaced eight (= Nq-1 ) slots 6 apart when g has the first parity and ten (= N-q+1 ) slots 6 apart when g has the second parity.

[0086] In the present embodiment, the first parity is even. The second parity is therefore odd. The resulting distances are shown in the following two tables: gi (g-2-P+2-i)-th (g-2- P+2- i+1 )-th distance

[0087] Leg section Leg section

[0088] 0 1 9.2 9.3 Nq-1 = 8

[0089] 0 2 9.4 9.5 Nq-1 = 8

[0090] 1 1 9.8 9.9 N-q+1 =10

[0091] 1 2 9.10 9.1 1 N-q+1 =10 gi [L- P+(L / 2-g)-2- P+2-i]-th [L- P+(L / 2-g)-2- P+2-i+1 ]-th distance

[0092] Leg section Leg section

[0093] 0 1 9.20 9.21 Nq-1 = 8

[0094] 0 2 9.22 9.23 Nq-1 = 8

[0095] 1 1 9.14 9.15 N-q+1 = 10

[0096] 1 2 9.16 9.17 N-q+1 = 10

[0097] Furthermore, the twelfth (= LP-th) leg section 9.12 and the thirteenth (= L-P+1 )-th leg section 9.13 are spaced apart from each other by nine (=Nq) grooves 6 and arranged in the same position 19d.

[0098] With regard to the arrangement of the leg sections 9.1 to 9.24 in the layers 19a to 19d, it is provided that the first leg section 9.1 is arranged in the first layer 19a,

[0099] - the twelfth (= LP-th) leg section 9.12 is arranged in the fourth (= L-th) layer 19d, the thirteenth (= L-P+1-th) leg section 9.13 is arranged in the fourth (= L-th) layer 19d and - the twenty-fourth (= 2-LP-th) leg section 9.24 is arranged in the first layer 19a.

[0100] In addition, two leg sections from the groups of the first to twelfth (= LP-th) leg sections 9.1 to 9.12 and the thirteenth (= L-P+1-th) to twenty-fourth (= 2-LP-th) leg sections 9.13 to 9.24, which are directly consecutive with respect to the series connection, are arranged in layers 19a to 19d of different parity.

[0101] Referring again to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the structure of the second and third current paths 14b, 14c corresponds to that of the first current path 14a, except for an offset in the circumferential direction. For 2 < j < P, the j-th current path 14b, 14c is offset from the first current path 14a by 2-Nq-(j—1) grooves 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23. This means that the second current path 14b is offset by eighteen (= 2-Nq-1) grooves 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23 and the third current path 14c is offset by thirty-six (= 2-Nq-2) grooves 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23.

[0102] Fig. 5 is a detailed illustration of the winding diagram of the first current path 14a of the phase U according to a second embodiment of the stator 1. Except for the deviations described below, all information about the first embodiment can be transferred to the second embodiment.

[0103] According to the second embodiment, each of the grooves 6 is divided into six (= L) layers 19a to 19f, with the first layer 19a being the innermost layer and the sixth layer 19f being the radially outermost layer, as an example. Accordingly, three double layers 20a, 20b, 20c are provided, with the third double layer 20c comprising the fifth layer 20e and the sixth layer 20f.

[0104] Accordingly, the first conductor sequence 15a comprises the first to eighteenth (=LP-th) of the leg sections 9.1 to 9.13, which are named according to their sequence along the series circuit. The second conductor sequence 15b comprises the nineteenth (= 2-P+1-th) to thirty-sixth (= 4-LP-th) of the leg sections 9.19 to 9.36, which are named according to their sequence along the series circuit.

[0105] For all 0 < b < 2 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < c < 6 = 2-P, the following arrangement of the leg sections 9.1 to 9.36 in the double layers 20a, 20b, 20c and the winding zones with the corresponding winding zone indices 21a to 21f, 21g to 21l results: bc 2-P-b+c (2-P-b+c)-ter (b+1)-ter c-ter

[0106] Leg section double layer winding zone index

[0107] 0 1 1 9.1 20a 21 a

[0108] 0 2 2 9.2 20a 21 b

[0109] 0 3 3 9.3 20a 21 c

[0110] 0 4 4 9.4 20a 21d

[0111] 0 5 5 9.5 20a 21 e

[0112] 0 6 6 9.6 20a 21f

[0113] 1 1 7 9.7 20b 21 a

[0114] 1 2 8 9.8 20b 21 b

[0115] 1 3 9 9.9 20b 21 c

[0116] 1 4 10 9.10 20b 21d

[0117] 1 5 11 9.11 20b 21 e

[0118] 1 6 12 9.12 20b 21f

[0119] 2 1 13 9.13 20c 21 a

[0120] 2 2 14 9.14 20c 21 b

[0121] 2 3 15 9.15 20c 21 c

[0122] 2 4 16 9.16 20c 21d

[0123] 2 5 17 9.17 20c 21 e

[0124] 2 6 18 9.18 20c 21f b c L-P+2-P-b+c (L-P+2-P-b+c)-ter [(L / 2)— b]-te (2-P+c)-ter

[0125] Beinabschnitt Doppellage Wicklungszonenindex

[0126] 0 1 19 9.19 20b 21 g

[0127] 0 2 20 9.20 20b 21 h

[0128] 0 3 21 9.21 20b 21 i

[0129] 0 4 22 9.22 20b 21j

[0130] 0 5 23 9.23 20b 21 k

[0131] 0 6 24 9.24 20b 211

[0132] 1 1 25 9.25 20a 21 g

[0133] 1 2 26 9.26 20a 21 h

[0134] 1 3 27 9.27 20a 21 i

[0135] 1 4 28 9.28 20a 21j

[0136] 1 5 29 9.29 20a 21 k

[0137] 1 6 30 9.30 20c 211

[0138] 2 1 31 9.31 20c 21 g

[0139] 2 2 32 9.32 20c 21 h

[0140] 2 3 33 9.33 20c 21 i

[0141] 2 4 34 9.34 20c 21j

[0142] 2 5 35 9.35 20c 21 k

[0143] 2 6 36 9.36 20c 211

[0144] In addition, for all 1 < d < 9 = LP / 2, the following leg sections are spaced nine (= Nq) grooves 6 apart:

[0145]

[0146] In addition, for all 1 < f < L / 2-1 = 2, the following leg sections are spaced nine (= Nq) grooves 6 apart: f (2-fP)-th (2-f-P+1 ) +2-f ■ P)-th (L- P+2-f- P+1 )-th

[0147] Leg section Leg section Leg section

[0148] 1 9.6 9.7 9.24 9.25

[0149] 2 9.12 9.13 9.30 9.31

[0150] In addition, for all 0 < g < 2 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < 2 = P-1 and even first parity, the following distances result: gi (g-2-P+2-i)-th (g-2- P+2- i+1 )-th distance

[0151] Leg section Leg section

[0152] 0 1 9.2 9.3 Nq-1 = 8

[0153] 0 2 9.4 9.5 Nq-1 = 8

[0154] 1 1 9.8 9.9 N-q+1 =10

[0155] 1 2 9.10 9.1 1 N-q+1 =10

[0156] 2 1 9.14 9.15 Nq-1 = 8

[0157] 2 2 9.16 9.17 Nq-1 = 8 gi [L- P+(L / 2-g)-2- P+2-i]-th [L-P+(L / 2-g)-2-P+2-i+1]-th distance

[0158] Leg section Leg section

[0159] 0 1 9.32 9.33 Nq-1 = 8

[0160] 0 2 9.34 9.35 Nq-1 = 8

[0161] 1 1 9.26 9.27 N-q+1 = 10

[0162] 1 2 9.28 9.28 N-q+1 = 10

[0163] 2 1 9.20 9.21 Nq-1 = 8

[0164] 2 2 9.22 9.23 Nq-1 = 8

[0165] Furthermore, the eighteenth (= LP-th) leg section 9.18 and the nineteenth (= L-P+1 )-th leg section 9.19 are spaced apart from each other by nine (=Nq) grooves 6 and arranged in the same position 19f.

[0166] Accordingly, in the second embodiment, it is provided that the first leg section 9.1 is arranged in the first layer 19a, the eighteenth (= LP-th) leg section 9.18 is arranged in the sixth (= L-th) layer 19f,

[0167] - the nineteenth (= L-P+1 -th) leg section 9.19 is arranged in the sixth (= L-th layer) layer 19f and the thirty-sixth (= 2-LP-th) leg section 9.36 is arranged in the first layer 19a.

[0168] In addition, two leg sections from the groups of the first to eighteenth (= LP-th) leg sections 9.1 to 9.18 and the nineteenth (= L-P+1 -th) to thirty-sixth (= 2-LP-th) leg sections 9.18 to 9.36, which are immediately consecutive in series, are arranged in layers 19a to 19f of different parity.

[0169] The preceding explanations can be applied analogously to stators with more than six layers, for example, eight, ten, or twelve layers. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle 100 with an embodiment of an electric machine 101.

[0170] The electric machine 101, for example a permanent or electrically excited synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor, has a stator 1 according to one of the previously described embodiments and a rotor 102. The rotor 102 is rotatably mounted with respect to the stator 1.

[0171] The vehicle 100 further includes wheels 103. The electric machine 101 is configured to drive at least one of the wheels 103 indirectly, for example, via a transmission (not shown), or directly, for example, in the form of a wheel hub motor. The vehicle 100 may further include an axle (not shown) coupled to the wheel 103, which directly or indirectly drives the electric machine 101 of the vehicle 101.

[0172] Vehicle 100 is a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a fuel cell-powered vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle. In the latter case, vehicle 100 further includes an internal combustion engine (not shown).

Claims

Patent claims 1. Stator (1) for an electrical machine (101), comprising a stator core (2) having a longitudinal axis (3), two axially opposite end faces (4, 5) and a plurality of slots (6) extending from one of the end faces (4) to the other of the end faces (5), and a stator winding (7) having a number N of strands (U, V, W), where N > 2; where each strand (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8a, 8b) having leg sections (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) arranged within the slots and forming connecting sections (10a, 10b) which each electrically conductively connect a pair of the leg sections (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) to one another at the end faces (4, 5); wherein the shaped conductors (8) for each strand (U, V, W) form a current path (14a) from the leg sections (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36); wherein the grooves (6) are subdivided into first to L-th layers (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f), which are named according to their order in the radial direction and form first to (L / 2)-th double layers (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c) from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers for all 1 < a < L / 2, where L > 4 and is even; wherein each groove (6) in each of the layers (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f) forms a receiving space for one of the leg sections (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36), and the receiving spaces for a respective strand (U, V, W) form 2-P winding zones with first to (2-P)-th winding zone indices (21 af) along a predetermined circumferential direction, where P > 2; wherein the current path (14a) comprises first to (LP)-th of the leg sections (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18), which are named according to their order along the series connection; wherein for all 0 < b < L / 2- 1 and all 1 < c < 2-P the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) of the current path is arranged in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index (21 af) and the (b+1 )-th double layer (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c); wherein. for all 1 < d < LP / 2 the (2-d-1 )-th and (2-d)-th leg sections (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) are spaced apart by Nq grooves (6), where q is a natural number and q > 2; where - for all 1 < f < L / 2-1 the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1 )-th leg sections (9.6, 9.7; 9.6, 9.7, 9.12, 9.13) are spaced apart by Nq grooves (6); wherein for all 0 < g < L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < P-1, the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg sections (9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.1 1 ; 9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.11 , 9.14 to 9.17) Nq-1 slots (6) are spaced from each other when g has a predetermined first parity, and N-q+1 slots (6) are spaced from each other when g has a second parity different from the first parity.

2. Stator according to claim 1, wherein - the winding zones additionally have (2-P+1)-th to (4-P)-th winding zone indices (21 g to 21 1) according to their sequence along a circumferential direction (23) opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction (22), wherein the (2-P+1)-th winding zone index (21 g) and the (2-P-1)-th winding zone index (21 e) designate the same winding zone, wherein the current path (14a) further has (L-P+1)-th to (2-LP)-th leg sections (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36), which are named according to their sequence along the series connection, wherein the (L-P+2-P-b+c)-th leg section (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36) in the winding zone with the (2-P+c)-th winding zone index (21 g to 211) and the [(L / 2)-b]-th double layer (20a, 20b, 20c), wherein the (L-P+2-d-1 )-th and (L-P+2-d)-th leg sections (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36) Nq slots (6) are spaced from each other, wherein - the (L-P+f-2-P)-th and (L-P+f-2-P+1 )-th leg sections (9.18, 9.19; 9.24, 9.25, 9.30, 9.31 ) Nq grooves (6) are spaced from each other, wherein the (L-P+(L / 2-g)-2-P+2-i)-th and [L-P+(L / 2-g)-2-P+2-i+1 ]-th leg sections (9.14 to 9.17, 9.20 to 9.23; 9.20 to 9.23, 9.26 to 9.28, 9.32 to 9.25) Nq-1 grooves (6) are spaced from each other when g is the first parity N-q+1 grooves (6) are spaced apart when g has the second parity.

3. Stator according to claim 2, wherein the (LP)-th leg portion (9.12; 9.18) and the (L-P+1 )-th leg portion (9.13; 9.19) are connected in series by one of the connecting portions (10a).

4. Stator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the (LP)-th leg section (9.12; 9.18) and the (L-P+1 )-th leg section (9.13; 9.19) Nq grooves (6) are spaced apart from each other.

5. Stator according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the (L-P+1)-th leg section (9.13; 9.19) is arranged in the L-th layer (19d; 19f) and / or the (2-LP)-th leg section (9.24; 9.36) is arranged in the first layer (19a) and / or - two leg sections (9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) which follow one another directly in series from the groups of the first to (LP)-th leg sections (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) and the (L-P+1 )-th to (2-LP)-th leg sections (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36) are arranged in layers (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f) of different parity.

6. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first leg section (9.1) is arranged in the first layer (19a) and / or the (LP)-th leg section (9.12; 9.18) is arranged in the L-th layer (19d; 19f).

7. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each strand (U, V, W) further comprises second to P-th current paths (14b, 14c), the leg portions (9) of which are arranged relative to one another in accordance with the first current path (14a) wherein the j-th current path (14b, 14c) is offset by 2-Nq-(j— 1 ) grooves (6) along the opposite circumferential direction (23) to the first current path (14a), wherein 2 < j < P.

8. Stator according to claim 7, wherein the P current paths (14a, 14b, 14c) are connected in parallel or in series.

9. Stator according to claim 7 or 8, wherein P and L are relatively prime.

10. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein q is odd.

11. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a respective connecting section (10a) on a first of the end faces (4) is formed integrally with the leg sections (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) connected by it, and a respective connecting section (10b) on a second of the end faces (5) is formed by electrically conductive and mechanical connection of the leg sections connected by it, wherein the first and second leg sections (9.1, 9.2) are connected to one another by a connecting section (10b) on the second end face (5), and the leg sections (9.3 to 9.24; 9.3 to 9.36) following one another in relation to the series connection are alternately connected to one another on the first and second end faces (4, 5).

12. An electric machine (101) for driving a vehicle (100), comprising a rotor (102) and a stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor (102) is mounted rotatably with respect to the stator (1).

13. A vehicle (100) comprising an electric machine (101) according to claim 12 for driving the vehicle (100).

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