Stackable modular plant pot with improved solar exposure and stability

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertically stackable modular plant pot structure, formed by superposed modules, wherein each module is formed by a trunk having a base with an edge which, not being circular, is geometrically identical to the edge of the top of the trunk of the same module, rotated by an angle δ and shifted by a height H relative to the vertical axis, such that the modules are coupled together from above by the edge of the base of the module and from below by the edge of the top of the trunk of the module, the rotation generating areas preferably close to the axis of the structure, in which areas are located arms with cavities containing substrate or pottery shards, in order to i) be closer to the axis, thereby improving the stability of the structure, ii) have a larger planting area, the pot having greater capacity, or iii) have openings further from the trunk, providing more space for the plants. The structure provides a single continuous exposed surface, with the module arms thus coupled as hollow bodies in successive branches and distributed with different degrees of rotation.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Stackable modular planter with improved sun exposure and stability.-

[0003] The object of the present invention is a modular pot that can be stacked in height, allowing a vertical structure to be configured, when superimposed on others, for growing plants, generally formed by modules of identical pots, with the uniqueness of presenting a configuration and spatial distribution of the component modules based on the rotation of its trunk, which allows greater structural stability against external disturbances and load imbalances due to the different weights of the plants, also providing greater use of the space occupied by the structure by optimizing the cultivation area per module, as well as greater space available for each plant, improving its distribution and solar exposure, which resembles the natural distribution of tree branches, reducing interference between neighboring plants.

[0004] The invention is based on the fact that an appropriate rotation or twisting of the trunk of each module, with a contour that, generally, is not symmetrical with the vertical axis of the structure, causes an alteration of the trunk that generates bottlenecks or empty spaces. These can be used to move the pot compartments closer to the axis to center the load and gain stability, or to enlarge them and gain capacity, or simply to have more space available for the plant. Likewise, said rotation makes it possible to optimize the distribution of the pots in relation to their neighbors to improve sun exposure and minimize interference between them.

[0005] The invention is applicable as a planter structure, if the arm spaces hold substrate and plants, or as a planter structure, if the spaces are intended to hold individual pots or planters.

[0006] TECHNICAL FIELD.-

[0007] The technical field of the invention is that of pot- and planter-type containers for growing plants and flowers; in particular, vertically stackable pots and planters.

[0008] STATE OF THE ART. - The main advantage of vertically arranged pots and planters over conventional versions is that they increase the utilization of the available area for planting and growing.

[0009] These systems most commonly have a large, vertical, cylindrical central trunk with openings along its surface (see Figure 1a). Two main types can be conceptually distinguished: (i) those that have an additional structural element that supports the pots themselves and which, although part of the system, is a clearly differentiating element distinct from the pots themselves, with no other purpose than support; and (ii) self-supporting modular systems, i.e., where the pot itself has a structural function of supporting both the system and that of a pot. The present invention falls into the second category: stackable pot systems with self-supporting modules.

[0010] In the first category we can find the stackable pot system presented in model ES0257469-U, consisting of pots supported by a tube, presumably metallic, or the systems described in the patents with publication numbers CN208402608U and US00D55822S, which, although they are not modular systems, are also a clear example of this category where two types of differentiated elements with different functions are clearly distinguished: the pot and a tube, whose only function is to support the pot.

[0011] Examples of pot structures in the second category, that of systems with self-supporting modules such as that of the present invention, are those corresponding to patent GB2066632 A, which is designed for hydroponic cultivation, with four openings that act as a connection window between the trunk, where the roots are located, and the exterior; the one described in model ES1028581-U, very similar to the previous one; or that of utility model ES0215649-U, or patent US4779378A. All of them have a staggered pot distribution according to the design, except for ES0215649-U, which can be configured with an unrestricted distribution of cultivation openings, since they can rotate freely with respect to their neighbors, leaving the orientation to the discretion of the end user, which could worsen the performance (sun exposure and shadows) and stability of the system.

[0012] In all these cases, the opening dimension is approximately one order of magnitude smaller than the trunk diameter (Figure 1a), which prevents the system from accommodating large plants and thus ensures good stability. Furthermore, the openings are literally glued or embedded into the cylindrical surface, constraining plant growth, which generally forces diagonal growth due to lack of space. Finally, the plants do not have their own compartment, but rather one shared by their neighbors on the same floor, unlike the concept presented in document ES0257469-U, which can be configured with individual compartments, one per module.

[0013] Model ES0193127-U is based on a central prism-shaped trunk with a hexagonal base, conceptually similar to that of Figure 4b, which limits the distribution of the pots to six orientations. Like all the aforementioned systems, it is configured in a staggered pattern, except for ES0215649-U, which has a free orientation. In this case, the openings actually act as pots, configured as cantilevered elements attached to the prism. This requires greater stresses, which must be compensated for with fatigue- and load-resistant materials with a high degree of toughness, which are more expensive.

[0014] There are also cases that, although they are not modular systems, are related to the present invention, such as reference CZ35470U U1, a monolithic tube with openings distributed according to the golden angle. It is worth noting that a variant is presented in which the openings are smaller in the upper region of the tube, thereby reducing the weight in the upper area, which is technically one of the most critical points in this type of system. In this way, it reduces the leverage force in the base area due to external disturbances, such as gusts of wind, or imbalances caused by heterogeneous plants with different weights.

[0015] On the other hand, documents CN 208402608U U and US00D400822S present structures based on bent tubes. The first mimics branches that end in a compartment to house the plant, and the second is a bent tube to which vessels are attached laterally, remaining in a cantilevered position to house the plants. This product is made up of two distinct pieces assembled by separate sections of the tube, which have an elliptical cross-section. Both tubes adopt different curves based primarily on aesthetic criteria, and each vessel is distinct, also located diametrically opposite each other to balance the weight. Finally, the concept described in patent CN218550720U consists of a planter based on a prism with a rectangular base, in which two lateral faces are its two larger faces, which are square, and from one of them, a circular opening emerges that holds a pot and integrates a drip irrigation system.There is an inherent problem with modular vertical garden systems related to the stability of the structure (Figure 2), which, in turn, determines the capacity of the planter in relation to the radius of the structure. Structures with very large trunk diameters (Figure 1a) and / or smaller compartments (Figure 1b) are more stable, while structures with large growing opening diameters and thin trunks are generally more unstable and / or require more demanding and expensive materials. For this reason, the vast majority of state-of-the-art configurations are assumed to be made of low-cost plastic resins such as polypropylene or polyethylene, and have a growing opening diameter very small relative to the diameter of the supporting structure.However, although with a higher cost / capacity, there are also structures designed in materials with high tenacity and load resistance (metallic materials), such as those assumed in the structures corresponding to documents ES0257469-U, ES0193127-U, CN208402608U U and US00D400822S.

[0016] The present invention proposes a pot suitable for manufacturing using a relatively low-tenacity, low-cost material, such as a linear low-density polyethylene resin, although it is also compatible with other materials. Avoiding tougher materials, such as metal tubes or bars, is also a technical advantage, as it allows for a more robust structure at a lower cost.

[0017] On the other hand, many of these systems, such as the one corresponding to patent GB2066632-A, are designed for hydroponic crops, which generally house the same type of plants, all in the same growth phase, resulting in plants of similar weight and size, ensuring that the structure's weight is balanced. Likewise, many hydroponic crops are installed in greenhouses, free from wind gusts.

[0018] However, the essential problem is that, in general, the weight distribution of the various plants is hardly controlled by design, but rather is determined by the user and the plants' own evolution and growth (Figure 2). In other words, a structurally balanced design does not guarantee that the system in use will be balanced. This problem requires a greater technical challenge than that of intensive cultivation systems.

[0019] The main technical limitations that prevent increasing the crop opening diameter vs. trunk diameter ratio are mainly because it compromises the structural stability of the system due to i) an imbalance of loads in the structure derived from having heterogeneous plants in weight (figures 2a and 2b), and / or i) an external disturbance, such as horizontal wind loads. This can cause either the collapse of the modules that separate from each other, or, if they are bolted together, the collapse of the entire structure (figures 2b and 2c).

[0020] Adding a stabilizing plate at the base mechanically anchored to the first module helps to avoid this, as shown in figure 2c, but a system with unbalanced loads with some plant(s) with excessive weight and / or wind load causes a significant lever force that makes the column bend, especially when it is resin, and can break the mechanical connection of the base with the first module, and / or cause the system to fall, if this disturbance causes a horizontal displacement sufficient so that the center of mass is outside the convex envelope of the base.

[0021] Except for reducing the weight in the upper parts of the system, which is what invention CZ35470U U1 proposes, reviewing the current state of the art, it does not appear that any other solution has been found other than increasing the diameter of the system in relation to the diameter of the cultivation opening.

[0022] The essential strategy adopted by the present invention to partially reduce the problem is to try to center the loads of the pot more with respect to the vertical axis of the structure or to unbalance the design of the modules that make up the system so that this is compensated, once the plants are added, resulting in a more stable system. This has been achieved by rotating or twisting the trunk, which generates, for purely geometric reasons, preferential regions where the surface of the trunk shifts toward the axis of the system. It is obvious that the more centered the weight of the plants is with respect to the axis of the structure, the less dependent it is on the heterogeneity of loads and the lever effect it causes, presenting a system with greater stability.

[0023] On the other hand, all the modular systems mentioned have a layout with the pots staggered with their adjacent modules, except for ES0215649-U, whose layout (and stability) is left to the end user. Thus, neighboring modules will create shade and limit the available space for the plant, as they interfere with the module.

[0024] The present invention proposes a vertical garden system that distributes plants in the most efficient and homogeneous manner, based on a distribution governed by the golden ratio, imitating the growth rules governed by plants. This is similar to the CZ35470U U1 proposal, but for a modular system of independent modules. This allows for improved solar exposure for the plant and an increase in the space available for the plant, by reducing interference with neighboring plants.

[0025] Furthermore, existing solutions are based on highly symmetrical trunk contours, which, for purely geometric reasons, necessarily force their branches to be suspended in a cantilevered, balcony-like position. This results in ineffective load transmission, resulting in material stress, deformation, and, ultimately, breakage. However, the proposed solution, due to its conception, accepts non-symmetrical contours and, therefore, for geometric reasons, allows the branch to fall directly onto the base of the trunk and not be suspended in a cantilever position, allowing for much more efficient and distributed load transmission.

[0026] Furthermore, the preferred configuration of the vertical garden invention features self-supporting modules with a single branch, a unique configuration on the market made possible by improving the stability of current systems. This poses a significant technical challenge. Furthermore, the diameter of the growing opening is approximately an order of magnitude larger than existing self-supporting stackable pot systems.

[0027] This has been achieved thanks to a construction system that, in essence, is based on the fact that each self-supporting flowerpot or planter module used is a component that is made up of a trunk with a continuous surface, with branched arms, which undergoes a rotation or torsion with respect to the vertical axis of the structure, with the contour of the lower and upper bases identically, one rotated with respect to the other, so that, by a purely geometric question, bottlenecks or empty spaces are generated that are preferred regions in which the arms and cultivation openings can be located.Furthermore, iv) said rotation of the trunk allows stacking between modules to occur by rotating and coupling the lower base of the trunk of the module above with the upper base of the trunk of the module below, regulating the distribution of the pots in the structure, enabling a distribution governed by the golden ratio, which maximizes sun exposure and minimizes interference between neighboring plants.

[0028] COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION.-

[0029] The stackable pot system presented is based on the natural growth of plants, which relies on very simple rules that give rise to complex structures. The growth rule is based on designing pot-planter modules, generally identical, that confer an organic structure through successive copying, H translation, and 0 rotation of each module.

[0030] Specifically, the stackable modular pot with improved sun exposure and stability claimed in the invention is characterized in that the contour of the base of each component module, of an arbitrary shape that is not a circle centered on the axis, is identical in geometry to the contour of the upper part of the trunk of the same module, rotated by an angle 0 and displaced a distance H in height with respect to the vertical axis, such that the coupling between modules occurs between the contour of the base of the module above with the contour of the upper part of the trunk of the module below, both contours coinciding, and because the arms with the cultivation openings are located in the areas of the surface of the trunk closest to its vertical axis, present as a consequence of the geometric torsion produced by the rotation of the extreme contours of the trunk, resulting in the structure in a single continuous exposed surface.with the arms of the modules thus coupled as hollow bodies in successive branches with different degrees of rotation. This rotation of the ends of the trunk creates preferred regions where the arms can i) be closer to the axis to improve the stability of the structure, or ii) have a larger growing area to have greater pot capacity, or iii) have openings further from the trunk to provide more space available for the plants.

[0031] This structure of stackable planters or pots essentially presents a single, continuous, generally rounded, connected surface, free of edges and with a smooth sloping transition between the trunk and the branch to avoid the accumulation of dirt and cobwebs and to facilitate cleaning.

[0032] By conveniently selecting the angle 0 of rotation of the trunk with respect to the vertical axis between neighboring modules and the number and arrangement of the arms, advantageous pot configurations are achieved. In particular, if the angle 0 is the golden angle O divided by the number of arms (0 = <P / N = n*[3-5 1 / 2 ] / N), and the angle 5¡ of projection of the arms “i” in the horizontal plane with respect to their neighboring arms “i+1” is 2n / N (5¡ = 2n / N, Vi), the branched arms of each pot module will be equiangularly distributed. And if the angle 0 is the golden angle O multiplied by the number of arms (0 = <P*N = n*[3- 5 1 / 2]*N), and the angle 5¡ of projection of the arms “i” in the horizontal plane with respect to their neighboring arms “i+1” is the golden angle (5¡ = O, vi), the successive modules of the pot will follow a distribution similar to the natural distribution and growth of the branches of the plants, with what this implies in terms of maximum use of light exposure and the space available for the plant, minimizing interference between them.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, a stackable pot structure is proposed in which each pot module only has one arm (N = 1), has no symmetry and the angle m of rotation of the trunk with respect to the vertical axis between neighboring modules is the golden angle (m = O = n*[3- 5 1 / 2 ]).

[0034] The branched arm or arms attached to the trunk of the modular planter can be straight or curved, single or composed of other arms. For example, for the preferred design of a planter module with a single arm, this can be a single curved arm, or a compound arm, ending in two straight or curved arms, with a whole range of possibilities.

[0035] As for the size of the modules that make up the structures, the preferred option is identical pot modules, to save on manufacturing and installation costs.

[0036] And as for the surface finish of the pots, which can be of any material and texture, depending on the space and environment of the location, the advantageous possibility is considered, as it visually conceals the junction between superimposed modules, of a surface with surrounding stripes or slices between the lower base of the trunk and the upper part of the arms and trunk.

[0037] For practical and installation purposes, the planters may be provided with a system for fixing or anchoring the superimposed modules to ensure they are perfectly seated, while providing stability to the whole. Three alternative types of mechanical adjustment and connection systems have been provided between the planter modules, through the contours of the top and base of the trunk of each module: a) A system of key pieces with through holes on a perimeter tab aligned with the contour of the top, and through holes for threaded screws with nuts in the contour of the base; b) A system of through holes for threaded screws with nuts in the contours of the top and base; or c) A perimeter fitting guide system along the contour of the base, complementary to the perimeter of the hollow contour of the trunk of the top.

[0038] Once the stackable pot structure is assembled, the spaces between the branched arms of successive modules are normally filled with substrate and plants, such as pots or growing vessels. However, they can also accommodate other pot modules using any of the mechanical adjustment and connection systems indicated, or by forming fractal branching structures with successive stacked pot modules. Each pot module can be defined by the resulting geometry of two or more adjacent pots, forming a pot module of its own.

[0039] The gaps in the structure's branched arms can also be filled with individual pots or planters, thus forming a stackable modular planter structure.

[0040] In the usual case where the branch spaces of the assembled pot contain substrate and plants, a specific gravity irrigation system has been provided, as an advantageous method compared to that commonly used in pots of the same type. This irrigation system is configured by installing one or more water tanks in the spaces of one or more pot modules. The upper tank may be equipped with an automatic water level detector, along with a downpipe from the upper tank to the spaces of the lower modules, which passes through the base of each pot through a hole made for this purpose.This conduit can directly access the substrate contained in the holes or growing vessels through branches terminating in water dispensers, using porous material or a drip device, or it can connect to the remaining reservoirs, if provided, from which the same type of water-dispensing branches can emerge. All of this is explained in the figures in the following embodiment section.

[0041] Technical advantages.-

[0042] The main technical advantage of the developed stackable pot compared to existing solutions is that

[0043] It improves light exposure, minimizes interference between pots and maximizes the available space due to an optimal distribution of the pots, one with respect to the other, similar to the solutions present in nature (Phyllotaxis). It improves structural stability against load imbalance due to heterogeneous plants and external disturbances, since it allows the weight of the plants to be located in regions closer to the E axis of the structure.

[0044] It improves the spacing between the trunk and the plant, also increasing the space available to the plant and light exposure.

[0045] It allows for the cultivation of larger branches, since there is more space in the preferred region where the trunk surfaces are closer to the axis of the structure, improving the capacity of the pot.

[0046] It allows the branch to fall at the base of the trunk, preventing it from being suspended in a cantilever, which distributes the load of the branch directly to the base of the trunk, reducing stress on the material and allowing for cheaper materials, and / or thinner thicknesses (less material).

[0047] Since it allows for pots with an unsymmetrical base, the mounting position is univocal, ensuring correct assembly, without leaving the stability and orientation of the pots in the hands of the installer and the user.

[0048] It allows pots with a pot area versus cultivation opening area ratio approximately one order of magnitude greater than existing similar systems.

[0049] It allows pots to be stacked without the need for anchoring systems, since the trunk design allows for a balanced load on the branch, acting as a counterweight and reducing the torque generated by the weight of the plant and branch.

[0050] FIGURES AND DRAWINGS. -

[0051] For a better understanding of the claimed modular pot, a series of figures with illustrative drawings are included at the end of this specification.

[0052] Figure 1 illustrates strategies for avoiding the problem of load imbalance caused by plants with heterogeneous weights. Figures 1a and 1b are the strategies adopted by existing solutions, based on increasing the ratio of trunk diameter to crop opening diameter, resulting in a large trunk or a small opening. Figure 1c illustrates the proposed invention with heterogeneous plants, with a considerably larger crop opening to module area ratio.

[0053] Figure 2 represents the problem that exists in current structures due to the imbalance of loads across floors with uneven weights. In Figure 2a, there is no anchoring between modules. In Figure 2b, there is anchoring only between modules. In Figure 2c, there is anchoring between modules and between the lower module and a base or stabilizing plate. Even in this case, the system experiences a torque that is greater the further the load is from the system axis, causing structural stresses that cause the system to buckle and / or a rupture or failure in the anchoring system, which can be aggravated by external disturbances, causing the system to collapse.

[0054] Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the structural layout of the planter module of the invention. It is shown in three-dimensional space in Figure 3a, and in the horizontal xy plane in Figure 3b.

[0055] Figure 4 shows two perspective views, a) and b), of a preferred configuration of a stackable pot with two modules, each with one arm, in which the boundary conditions and branching periodicity of the two modules can be seen, where the upper module is connected by the base with the upper part of the trunk of the lower module.

[0056] Figure 5 shows a preferred embodiment in which the space available per plant is indicated in a hatched region.

[0057] Figure 6 represents a perspective view of a series of structures composed of stackable pot modules that increase in height, from a first module to nine assembled and stacked modules, based on the preferred pot module design of the present invention, with all modules identical.

[0058] Figure 7 is a perspective view of a stackable planter-pot structure where the size of the modules progressively decreases as the structure grows vertically.

[0059] Figure 8 shows a representation of fractal structures composed of flowerpot modules according to the proposed invention, illustrating both the resulting structure (Figures 8a, 8b, 8c) and the module that forms it in different views (Figures 8d, 8e, 8f). There is only one type of module. Figure 9 represents a top view of fractal structures composed of flowerpot modules. Figure 9a illustrates a system in which each level of the fractal has identical modules, which are proportional to the other levels. Figure 9b presents a fractal system that always uses the same module but uses a connection module for the level transition.

[0060] Figure 10 illustrates, using several drawings of assembled modules in longitudinal section and component parts in perspective, the detail of the three mechanical systems for assembling and connecting the component modules of the stackable planter through the contours of the upper and lower bases of the trunk of each module: a) Key parts system; b) Through-hole system; c) Perimeter fitting guide system.

[0061] Figure 11 shows in perspective a composition of three pots with one branch per pot (N = 1) whose surface has a surface texture in surrounding stripes or slices, the relief of which can be seen in detail in the drawing on the left of one of the component modules.

[0062] Figure 12 is an isometric view of the lateral attachment of a stackable planter configuration to a wall or facade structure. The drawing in Figure 12a shows that the attachment is by the base of one of the planter modules, and Figure 12b shows the attachment element.

[0063] Figure 13 shows a longitudinal section of a stackable pot with an integrated gravity irrigation system, according to three possibilities, a), b) and c), of arrangements of water tank, conduits and irrigation ends.

[0064] Figure 14 shows six perspective views of a preferred design of a flowerpot-planter module of the invention, consisting of a trunk with upper and lower bases shaped similar to an ellipse and a single branched arm with a hollow part whose end has a contour similar to a circle, showing the detail of the contour of the bases of the trunk where the neighboring modules are assembled.

[0065] Figures 15a and 15b show different arrangements of branches with respect to an arbitrary contour, for different positions of the axis of the structure and different numbers of branches, based on the design criteria that confer the advantages of the present invention, those corresponding to Figure 15a being those in which the center of mass coincides with the axis of the structure. Figure 15c shows examples in which the branch is positioned outside the preferred regions, far from the axis, which worsens stability, and is therefore not recommended.

[0066] Figure 16 shows the design steps of a module of the present invention for a general case based on surface coating.

[0067] Figure 17 illustrates design criteria in a preferred embodiment, with the upper opening being close to the axis, represented by a cross in Figure 17a, and in which a non-symmetrical contour has been conceived, with a shape similar to an oval or an ellipse, whose center of mass is offset from the axis of the structure, opposite to the cultivation opening, to provide partial compensation for the weight of the branch. A top view is shown in Figure 17a and a side view in Figure 17b, schematically indicating said weight compensation.

[0068] Figure 18a shows a trunk generated by rotating an arbitrary contour whose center of mass is aligned with the axis of the structure, while in Figure 18b it is not. In both cases, the trunk has regions on its surface closer to the axis of the system.

[0069] Figure 19 shows case studies of stackable pot structures based on an extruded trunk, following the current state of the art. Although it is less symmetrical, the contour allows for a closer connection between the branch and the axis, but the possible orientations are more limited.

[0070] Figure 20 shows cases similar to those in the previous figure, but with contours at the ends of the trunk rotated, based on configurations specific to the proposed invention. This eliminates the existing orientation restrictions of the previous figures.

[0071] Figure 21 clearly illustrates the advantages associated with a rotation of the ends of the module's trunk, typical of the present invention (Figure 21 b, 21 c, 21 d), and compares it with a generic case based on a cylindrical trunk (Figure 21 a) according to the current state of the art, showing visual evidence that the invention represents an improvement on the state of the art in terms of stability, use of space and capacity of the modules. In all the present configurations, the volume and area of ​​the trunk and the cultivation openings are identical and all are at the same representation scale. Finally, Figure 22 is a top view of the surface resulting from the rotation of a contour with respect to the axis of the structure, which is located at the origin. The center of mass, which is closer to the axis compared to not being rotated, is indicated.

[0072] METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION. -

[0073] The abstract structure of the geometry of the claimed stackable modular pot of the invention can be described according to figure 3 where a trunk (2) is schematically illustrated that extends a height H with respect to the vertical axis (3), and branched arms or "branches"

[0074] (4) converging to a point on the trunk located at a distance h from its base. Each branch “i” forms an angle projected on the horizontal plane xy 5¡ with respect to its neighboring branch “i+1”. In the figure, this structure is repeated three times displaced along the vertical axis (3), and rotated at an angle 0. The particular curve of each branch is arbitrary and will depend on the design, and may be straight or curved, simple or compound. In this way, it is possible to optimize the three-dimensional distribution of the pots according to their application.

[0075] Based on these design parameters, a contour is established that defines the base of the pot. This contour is rotated by angle A and shifted a distance H relative to the vertical. A contour is also established that defines the opening of each branch and is located at a height h¡. In this way, all the essential geometric parameters of the system are defined. Subsequently, the surface of the trunk is generated by a sweep operation with rotation, which connects the lower contour of the base with the upper contour of the trunk. Finally, similar to the trunk, the surface of each branch is created, starting from the established contour. In this way, the surface of the pot is obtained, which can be thickened to form a solid.In an optimization process, the generated surfaces can be altered as needed, including rounding, without altering the outer contours of the trunk, which are the key elements that define the system.

[0076] As an additional condition, the coating operation can be carried out in such a way that the union between modules provides a smooth surface, with continuity in the inclinations of the trunk of the upper module in regions close to its base with respect to the inclinations of the trunk of the immediately lower module in regions close to the top. These geometric restrictions allow a technically improved solution, since the resulting composite surface of the body (1), which we call exposed surface, does not present edges, protuberances or cavities, which reduces the accumulation of dust, dirt and the formation of cobwebs, in addition to facilitating its cleaning. Figure 4 shows the boundary conditions and periodicity of branching of two stacked flowerpot modules with one embrace each.The exposed surface of the body (1) of each module requires boundary conditions with severe restrictions, since the contour of the base of the pot (5) must coincide exactly with the upper contour of the trunk (6), once rotated through an angle El and translated through a height H with respect to the vertical axis (3), which is not trivial if it is not a circumference. This property is illustrated in Figure 4a. Secondly, optionally as an additional requirement, the derivatives of the normal vectors, that is, the surface inclinations in these regions of coincidence between the lower contour of the trunk and the rotated and translated upper contour of the trunk must be the same. These regions where they share contours and tangent normal vectors are illustrated by arrows in Figure 4b.In both figures (4a and 4b) the exposed surface of the body (1) with one arm (N = 1) is represented as a mesh, which as a whole forms a continuous, connected, edge-free surface, with its derivatives also continuous, with smooth changes in inclination, where the upper contour of the trunk (6) is identical to the lower contour of the trunk (5) rotated by an angle El and shifted by the height of the trunk, H. In this way, the points ui and U2, where U2 is the point ui shifted by a distance H along the vertical axis (3) and rotated by an angle El with respect to said axis (3), are the same point in adjacent modules. Figure 4b illustrates the tangents of the surface of the modules at the connection contours (5) and (6), which must be equal for adjacent modules.

[0077] This system is of special interest in configurations whose referred angles ó, and A are related to the golden angle O = n*[3-5 1 / 2] since practical advantages are observed in terms of light exposure and space available for the plant. It has been observed that in cases where this is fulfilled / N = n*[3-5 1 / 2 ] / N substantially improves the space available for the plant, as interaction between neighboring pots is reduced. For illustrative purposes, this space is represented as a hatched area in Figure 5.

[0078] One of the most significant advantages of the invention is the possibility of having identical modules, reducing the number of different components. This feature is shown in Figure 6. However, the system can be made up of modules of different sizes or scales, such that the size decreases as the pot structure grows upward, as illustrated in Figure 7.

[0079] On the other hand, the ends of the arms of the pot-planter modules, in addition to being intended to contain substrate and the plant itself, can also be intended to receive these same stackable pot structures, thus extending the functionality of a modular vertical growth system to a modular branched or fractal growth system. Figure 8 shows a non-limiting practical example of this type of branchable or fractal system, and Figure 9 presents a schematic top view with modules with A = 90°. The first is made up of three identical module sizes scaled for each of the three levels, and the second with the same module for several levels, but with additional pieces in connection and change of level of the fractal.

[0080] The connection system between modules can be implemented in multiple ways, adopting already existing mechanical solutions. Three proposed strategies are illustrated in Figure 10 as non-limiting examples: in Figure 10a the connection is made by means of a key piece (8), which are additional pieces that locate the module in predetermined positions, and which, together with a threaded screw (9) and a nut (10), capture and join a tab or wing that arises from the upper face of the trunk of a module with the lower face of the trunk of its neighboring module, such that they allow a robust mechanical connection between modules. A section of said connection is shown in the lower right corner, and a detailed enlargement is shown in the upper left corner, both to facilitate understanding of the mechanical solution. This solution does not require holes or openings in the upper part of the module, which improves the aesthetic perception.Another solution is to screw or rivet the adjacent modules together by means of through holes (11) arranged at the top and bottom of the module, as illustrated in Figure 10b. Figure 10c shows a solution in which there is a fitting guide (12) that ensures the correct positioning of the coupled modules. This fitting guide can be at the top or at the bottom, or both. Another solution would be to equip the module with a clip system for coupling between modules.

[0081] As shown in Figure 11, the planter-pot may have a surface texture in surrounding slices or stripes (7), or some other motif so as to conceal the connection between adjacent pots and improve the aesthetic perception.

[0082] The planter structure may be anchored to a saucer, which collects excess water and / or improves stability, a stand, the floor or the like, by means of screws, rivets, clips or other anchoring elements. The system may integrate a pedestal or a base trunk supplement at the ends or in any position between modules. The pedestal may be formed by several pieces. It is also suitable for anchoring to the wall or ceiling by means of an adapter for this purpose, such as a pedestal that bends 90 degrees. The system may have wheels to facilitate relocation. It is also possible to add anchors or lateral support elements (18), as illustrated in Figure 12, to anchor the system to a façade (19) or similar, which is convenient for very tall systems, with many stacked modules.

[0083] This system can be equipped with a hydroponic pump system powered by electricity, batteries, or solar panels, whether or not mounted on the structure itself. The planter-pot module can also be fitted with a sponge, foam, cotton, or porous material as a substitute for the substrate.

[0084] Each module can incorporate a water reservoir at the bottom with one or more wicks that soak the substrate of the pot-planter module, similar to the solutions adopted for conventional pots.

[0085] Additionally, the module structure can incorporate the gravity irrigation system also set forth as part of the invention, and schematized in Figure 13. Drip irrigation system or water supply system using porous material, with a water tank (13) in the upper part that irrigates the modules by gravity through the conduit (14) descending from the upper tank, with protruding branches ending in water dispensers (16) using porous material or a drip device. The tank can have a water level detector (15) and a communication system that is autonomous or connected to the network such that a notification is issued when a water shortage is detected, in order to refill the tank. Said figure shows three diagrams of three different irrigation systems based on this gravity irrigation.Figure 13a shows only a single water tank integrated into the system's top module, irrigating all the planter modules. Figure 13b shows a similar irrigation system where each module incorporates a tank, increasing the irrigation system's capacity and autonomy. Figure 13c shows a solution in which only some modules integrate a water tank. This type of irrigation system allows watering of all plants to be centralized in a single shared tank, making maintenance simple.

[0086] This planter can be manufactured industrially in a single piece using a rotomolding process in plastic, in ceramic using a cast mold, or in aluminum using a sand core casting process, in cement, fiberglass, or resin, preferably using a flexible mold, for example, although it is also suitable for manufacturing in multiple pieces with subsequent assembly, fusion, or welding of these. Preferred embodiment.

[0087] As a preferred embodiment, a pot with a single branch (N = 1) and with a coupling rotation of 0 of the golden angle (Izl = O = n*[3-5 1 / 2]) and a contour at its base without symmetry, similar to an ellipse and an oval, such that the resulting structure forms a single surface with gentle changes in inclination, with continuity of the orientation of the surface in the regions close to the lower contour of the trunk with the regions close to the upper contour of the trunk of the adjacent lower module, as shown in Figure 4. In this way, the loads are distributed in a more even manner, avoiding regions with load stress. This configuration is similar to the solutions adopted by plants in nature and improves the capacity of the pot, solar capture and the space available to the plant. No other stackable pot system with a single branch is known in the state of the art.Figure 14 shows a flowerpot-planter module as a preferred embodiment in different views, while Figure 6 shows the formation of nine structures that result from said module for successive numbers of flowerpots, from one module to nine flowerpot-planter modules.

[0088] Structural configuration design procedure:

[0089] The general way of developing a practical embodiment of the invention, without limitation, is to establish an outline that has one or more preferred regions in relation to the E axis of the structure compatible in scale and shape with the number and size of the branches and cultivation openings desired. In this way, the position of the branches in relation to the trunk is determined. In Figures 15a, 15b, possible locations of the cultivation areas in relation to the approximate contour of the trunk are illustrated, for different numbers of branches and positions of the contour with respect to the E axis. In these cases, the aim is to locate the branch and cultivation area close to the preferred regions. Note that the E axis can be located externally to the contour, as in the last example in Figure 15b. Likewise, in Figure 17a, the upper contour and that of the branch are presented, analogously, which also respect this criterion.Figure 15c shows approaches in which the cultivation surfaces are far from the E axis of the structure (Figure 22), and are therefore not recommended, as this worsens the stability of the system.

[0090] This contour is translated vertically along the E axis at a distance H, corresponding to the height of the module. It is then rotated through an angle 0, according to design criteria. Except for specific requirements, it is advisable to use the golden angle, as shown in Figure 16a. The contours of the cultivation opening(s) are positioned on a plane at a height h relative to the base of the module, where h is the design parameter. In this way, the key contours that define the structure of the invention are obtained. To complete the process of developing the structure, all that remains is to complete the surface of the trunk with a sweeping, coating, or similar operation (Figure 16b) that goes from the contour of the base to the upper part of the trunk, both fully defined, and to attach the branch(es) according to their previously defined position (Figures 16c and 16d).Subsequently, it is possible to refine the structure in an optimization process according to established design criteria (weight, capacity, aesthetics, etc.).

[0091] In general, any surface interpolation from the lower to the upper contour of the trunk provides a convenient displacement of the center of mass and the trunk, generating a preferred region or regions (unless said covering operation is extremely exotic so that it contributes to adding more mass in the region of the branches).

[0092] On the other hand, it is important to emphasize that the geometry of the invention allows, by means of a covering between the contour of the base of the trunk and the contour of the branch, the load of the branch to fall and be transmitted directly to the base of the module, and this is only possible thanks to allowing contours without a specific symmetry, which is a relevant difference with respect to conventional solutions that propose cantilevered balcony-type branches.

[0093] Fundamentals of technical effects. -

[0094] As already explained, the invention enables branches closer to the axis of the structure, which results in a reduction of the torque of the module, and the torque of the system, whose contribution is proportional to the distance D between the center of mass of the load and said axis.

[0095] Any arbitrary contour in the xy plane that generates a surface by means of a sweep operation with rotation along the z axis, which will be the axis of the structure E, or any type of covering operation provided that the two extreme contours of the generated surface are displaced a distance hy and rotated with respect to the z axis, one in relation to the other, will necessarily, and for purely geometric reasons (since the contour is a closed curve and the distance between the axis and the points of the contour varies, necessarily having some minimum and some maximum) have regions in which the surface of the trunk is closer to the axis, and three-dimensional regions further away. This is true for any contour except in the case that the contour is a circumference in an xy plane, centered on the axis of the structure and that generates a cylindrical surface.We will refer to these three-dimensional empty spaces and their surroundings as preferred regions, and they are conducive to the placement of the pot's branches and / or growing openings. This is the basis for generating the trunk of the structure of the invention.

[0096] Figure 18 shows two cases with the same arbitrary contour and with their ends rotated relative to each other four times the golden angle, with the difference that in Figure 18a the center of mass of the contour coincides with the axis of the structure, while in Figure 18b it does not. Due to the described operation, regions on the surface of the surface closer to the axis of the structure and empty spaces close to them are generated. In both cases, the E axis and the center of mass of the contour are indicated in the rotation sweep operation, which in the first case is a straight line coinciding with the axis and in the other, in this specific case, a spiral curve. It is obvious that, when the center of mass of the contour does not coincide with the axis of the structure, it is possible to unbalance the center of mass of the trunk itself to balance it with the foreseeable weight of the branch.

[0097] Next, we will analyze different trunk contours of vertical garden structures.

[0098] For convenience, we parameterize the contour r(0) as located in the XY plane according to a polar coordinate system centered on the E axis of the structure. Thus, we say that the contour has an S Symmetry with respect to the E axis if, for the largest value of S, it satisfies that r(0) = r(moGf(0,S)) where S is a positive integer and mod the remainder function after the division.

[0099] Figures 19 and 20 illustrate configurations of stackable pots with different base contours, all with exactly the same area, which generate the trunk by an extrusion operation. The first column illustrates a diagram of the trunk contour and the cultivation opening with a single arm, which is located in preferential positions. Although in our analysis it can be considered that the particular configuration has more arms, but the load on the arm is much greater than the rest. In the comparison, it is considered that the systems have the same stabilizing plate of the same diameter anchored to the base of the structure, which has been omitted for simplicity. Figures 4 represent some existing and / or evident configurations where symmetry is shown.

[0100] S with respect to the E axis, and the possible orientations, as well as an example of such a configuration showing a top view, a side view, a section view in one of its half-planes, and a three-dimensional view of the structure and the module. Figure 19a shows a typical module with a cylindrical trunk of area A, with a branch located at a distance D from the E axis. If the center of mass of the module with the floor plan and the arm projected horizontally is outside the convex envelope of the system, the system collapses and falls. It turns out that a cylindrical contour centered on the axis is a bad example to try to bring the arm closer to the axis of the structure and reduce the distance D. In fact, we will see that any extruded contour with smooth changes allows to center the loads more, increasing the stability of the structure.

[0101] On the other hand, since its base is a circumference (S = infinity) with respect to the axis of the system, it is possible to distribute the pots as required, since a circular outline makes any orientation possible.

[0102] Similarly, Figure 19b shows a hexagonal outline and a branch. In this case, for the specific location of the figure, a slight reduction in distance D is observed compared to Figure 4a. Thus, with the same diameter, weight, and volume of the structure, and considering that both are anchored to a stabilizing plate of the same diameter, the structure in Figure 4b is slightly more stable. However, its symmetry is 6, which means that the system can only orient its modules in six possible ways.

[0103] Similarly, other structures based on a square, triangle, ellipse, and an arbitrary contour with the center of mass centered on the E axis are presented, all with equal areas. As the regular polygon has fewer sides, the stability of the system is improved, but, at the same time, its symmetry is reduced, which limits the number of orientations, resulting in more stable structures, but with a very limited orientation distribution of the modules, which in practice is a problem.

[0104] In particular, Figure 19e presents a configuration with an elliptical base that, if the structure is composed of identical modules, only allows two orientations (S = 2), making it impractical.

[0105] An example is also presented (Figure 19f) in which the symmetry is 1 (S = 1), so that stacking by rotation is not allowed: the modules only have one orientation and, generally, it is of no interest.

[0106] In view of the exposition, it can be seen that the lower the symmetry, the closer the preferred regions can be obtained, and therefore, potentially, greater stability, although, on the other hand, the greater the stability, the more limited the orientations are. The limiting case is with an arbitrary contour (symmetry S = 1), where stability could potentially be improved, but it makes no practical sense because all modules would be oriented the same.

[0107] Figures 20 and 19 show configurations similar to those in Figure 19, but with the trunk rotated with a torsion. For convenience, and to improve understanding of the explanation, it is rotated at the angle 0 = 90°. On the other hand, the rotation continues to allow, this time in a three-dimensional manner, the appearance of preferred regions in which to locate the branches. In this way, with a simple torsion, we can take advantage of the stability improvement benefits of contours with low S symmetry. This time we can control the highest degree of orientations possible, which is illustrated in the examples at 90°. 9 without limitation.

[0108] In fact, it allows for a torsion of the golden angle, which, thanks to its irrational nature, allows for the full spectrum of possible orientations. This result is captured in the "orientations" column and represents a significant and non-trivial technical advantage, as we can improve stability (or capacity per area, or the space available per floor) and orientation, improving the layout of floors, minimizing interference between neighboring floors, and minimizing the area occupied by the structure, all at the same time, with a torsion of the trunk.

[0109] Note that in both figures 19 and 20 the differential center of mass of the trunk does not vary and coincides with the E axis of the structure, understanding the differential center of mass of the trunk in z as the center of mass of the differential portion dz of the trunk.

[0110] The conclusions and implementation of this research and development can be taken further: it is possible to vary the position of the trunk not only to generate preferential regions for branch placement, but also to vary the differential center of mass of the trunk to compensate or regulate, totally or partially, the weight of the branch. This can be done with any arbitrary contour, although some are more favorable and offer more advantages or are more viable according to other criteria.

[0111] Thus, it is possible to develop, by design, modules that are purposefully unbalanced in order to be more balanced with an expected load, specified in the design. Figure 17b shows a preferred configuration that illustrates this strategy where the left side of the trunk has a beak-shaped protrusion that, when filled with substrate, partially counteracts the torque generated by branching with the plant. Figure 21 captures the essence of the present invention (Figures 21b, 21c, 21d) exhibiting its advantages and contrasting it with a conventional configuration based on a cylindrical trunk (Figure 21a). All cases have exactly the same trunk volume, the same area of ​​the cultivation opening and the same area of ​​the base. As in Figure 19, for simplicity, the stabilizing plate is not shown, although it must be assumed that all structures are anchored to a circular stabilizing plate with the same diameter.In all cases, a side view is presented, with the right half-plane in section, and a plan view, which, for reference, superimposes the circumference of the conventional system's envelope. The structure and a module are also shown in perspective.

[0112] Figure 21 b shows an embodiment of the proposed invention in which the plants have more space in the vicinity of the growing area for their growth than with the conventional solution (Figure 21 a). Furthermore, it allows the trunk itself to cast less shadows on the plant, resulting in a configuration with greater solar radiation.

[0113] Figure 21c shows another embodiment of the proposed invention in which the branch and the growing area are closer to the E axis of the structure, reducing the torque caused by the weight of the plant, which gives it greater stability compared to the conventional solution (Figure 21a). Furthermore, by setting back the branches, the resulting system is significantly more compact, which reduces the area occupied by the structure, all things being equal: volume and growing area.

[0114] Finally, Figure 21 d illustrates an embodiment of the proposed invention in which the arm and the cultivation area are significantly larger, improving the capacity with respect to the conventional solution (Figure 21a).

[0115] In all these cases the trunk undergoes a variable change in its center of mass along its axis.

[0116] On the other hand, the invention is valid for any number of branches. For example, Figure 16d shows a contour with one branch, while Figure 16e shows two branches, all of which have identical contours.

[0117] The process of creating the trunk surface, as already mentioned, is a layering operation, which is difficult to parameterize in practice for analytical analysis. Therefore, an empirical factor is generally present in the design, although it is surprisingly tolerant of arbitrary contours, position, and branch shapes, as in virtually all cases—except for the exotic ones mentioned—they show improvements compared to conventional structures.

[0118] Another method for creating structures specific to the present invention, which is much easier to analyze and implement, although in some cases it does not offer optimal results and requires more subsequent optimization work, is simply to create a sweep with rotation of the original contour at angle 0, which corresponds to the cases in Figure 20. With this configuration it is easy to analytically demonstrate that the distance between the center of mass of the trunk and the axis of the structure is reduced and is easily adjustable with the rotation angle. Furthermore, it is obvious that said sweep with rotation generates preferred regions suitable for locating the arms, for any type of contour, even for a circumference, as long as the symmetry with respect to the axis is zero S = 0, that is, that it is off-center with respect to the axis E of the structure.

[0119] Before moving on to an analytical study, a visual and intuitive explanation is anticipated: if we approximate the swept trunk with rotation to, for example, three equal equirotated slices (a more rigorous analysis decomposes the trunk into infinite differential slices, but the concept is the same), each -differential- slice has a center of mass, in figure 22 a, b and c. Each center of mass has the same weight, so the center of mass of the trunk is the arithmetic mean of the centers of mass of the slice, and, necessarily, due to the fact that they are rotated, the total center of mass corresponding to the trunk is closer to the E axis of the structure than if we consider a trunk with the same contour not rotated, but extruded. On the other hand, the volume in both cases, rotated trunk, versus extruded trunk, is identical (the contribution of each slice is identical, regardless of whether it is rotated or not).Therefore, the simple rotation of the trunk modulates the center of mass. Note that this argument is valid for any arbitrary contour whose center of mass does not coincide with the E axis, as is the case in Figure 3b.

[0120] Indeed, if we assume that the generating contour of the trunk is located at z = 0 and a coordinate system is chosen such that the x axis is aligned with the particular center of mass , as shown in Figure 9, and that the trunk is the result of a sweep with rotation from z = -H / 2 to z = H / 2, and includes a rotation ¿s between its ends, then, normalizing the height, the center of mass of a differential slice of the trunk located at z is:

[0121] The center of mass of the trunk will be the arithmetic sum of said centers of mass: “ = J«W / *< = wnf » = <vn C“®ü donde se asume que su densidad es constante, siendo dV=Adz el diferencial del volumen del tronco y A al área del contorno.

[0122] Replacing and integrating between -H / 2 and H / 2 we obtain that

[0123] That is, the distance between the center of mass of the trunk and the axis of the structure E is proportional to the function sc (A / 2J, which for <D = 0 es 1 , que representa el caso clásico de un tronco extruido (no rotado) y se decrementa para cualquier otro ángulo distinto de cero. Por lo tanto, la operación de barrido con traslación del tronco produce una modulación del centro de masas con respecto al eje del sistema, para cualquier contorno arbitrario, de forma que el centro de masas resultante de la rotación del tronco se ubica más cerca al eje E de la estructura, con comparación con un tronco no rotado. Esta conclusión se deriva para cualquier contorno arbitrario, independiente de su forma.

[0124] Based on the foregoing, it can be deduced that the present invention offers greater structural stability against load imbalances caused by heterogeneous plants than similar cases cited in the prior art, when compared to the same area occupied by each pot. By offering greater stability, the invention thus has room to radially enlarge or lengthen its branches, improving its capacity per area, the space available per plant, and sun exposure. Furthermore, said rotation allows for optimized distribution of the pots and allows the branches to rest directly on the base of the module, preventing them from being suspended on overhangs.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Modular structure of stackable pots or planters with improved sun exposure and stability, of the type of structures consisting of self-supporting modules of pots or planters, with simultaneous function of support of the system and of pot, coupled vertically, in which the hollow containers of substrate or pots occupy different positions with respect to the neighboring modules to balance the structural stability, facilitate exposure to light and the growth space of the plants, each of them being formed by a body (1) with a trunk (2) that occupies a height H along its vertical axis (3) and one or a determined integer number N of branched arms (4) attached to the trunk, arranged so that arm "i" forms an angle Si projected in a horizontal plane with respect to its neighboring arm "i + 1", with the arm or the hollow branched arms, as cultivation openings, and the lower part of the trunk of each module,where the arm cavities converge, closed, the base of the module being the lower surface of the trunk, characterized in that the contour (5) of the base of each module, of an arbitrary shape that is not a circle centered on the vertical axis (3), is identical in geometry to the contour (6) of the upper part of the trunk of the same module, rotated through an angle A and displaced a height H with respect to the vertical axis, so that the coupling between modules occurs between the contour (5) of the base of the module above with the contour (6) of the upper part of the trunk of the module below, both contours coinciding, and because the arms (4) with the cultivation openings are located in the areas of the surface of the trunk closest to its vertical axis, present as a consequence of the torsion produced by the rotation of the extreme contours of the trunk, resulting in the structure in a single continuous exposed surface,with the arms of the modules thus coupled as hollow bodies distributed in successive branches with different degrees of rotation.

2. Modular structure of stackable pots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that its surface has smooth changes and is free of edges.

3. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle A of rotation between the extreme contours of the trunk (2) with respect to the vertical axis is the golden angle divided by the number of arms, such that A = <D / N = TT*[3-5 1 / 2 ] / N, and the branched arms (4) of each module follow an equiangular distribution according to which the projection angle Si of the arms “i” in the horizontal plane with respect to its neighboring arms “i+1” is 2TT / N, such that 5¡ = 2TT / N.

4. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle A of rotation between the extreme contours of the trunk (2) with respect to the vertical axis is the golden angle multiplied by the number of arms, such that A = <D*N = TT*[3-5 1 / 2 ]*N, and the branched arms (4) of the successive modules follow a distribution, according to which the angle Si of projection of the arms “i” in the horizontal plane with respect to their neighboring arms “i+1” is the golden angle, such that 5¡ = <D.

5. Modular structure of stackable pots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that each module only has one arm, N = 1, and the contour of the base (5) is neither circular nor a regular polygon.

6. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claims 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that each module only has one arm, N = 1, and the angle A of rotation between the extreme contours of the trunk (2) with respect to the vertical axis (3) is the golden angle, such that A = <D = TT*[3-5 1 / 2 ].

7. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the branched arm or arms (4) attached to the trunk of each module are straight or curved, simple or composed of other arms.

8. Modular structure of stackable pots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the component modules of the structure are identical.

9. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized by having a surface finish in surrounding slices (7) between the lower base of the trunk and the upper part of the arms and trunk.

10. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved sun exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the contours of the upper part (6) and base (5) of the trunk of each module are provided, as mechanical coupling and connection systems between superimposed modules, with: a) System of key pieces (8) with through holes on a perimeter tab to the contour of the upper part, and through holes of threaded screws (9) with nut (10) in the contour of the base; or, b) System of through holes (11) of threaded screws with nut in the contours of the upper part and base; or, c) Perimetral fitting guide system (12) in the contour of the base, complementary to the perimeter of the hollow contour of the trunk of the upper part.

11. Modular structure of stackable pots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the space of the branched arm or arms of each module is occupied by substrate and plants.

12. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved sun exposure and stability, according to claim 11, characterized by integrating a gravity irrigation system for the spaces with substrate and plants, consisting of one or more water tanks (13) in the spaces of one or more modules, and a conduit (14) descending from the upper tank, optionally provided with a water level detector (15), and passing through the spaces of the lower modules, connecting where appropriate to the rest of the tanks, with branches projecting from the down conduit and / or from the lower tanks, terminating in water dispensers (16) by means of porous material or drip device.

13. Modular structure of stackable flowerpots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow of the branched arm or arms of each flowerpot module is coupled directly by its contour, or by means of a connection piece, to the contour of the base of another flowerpot module, forming a fractal structure of branches with successive stacked flowerpot modules.

14. Modular structure of stackable pots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaps in the arms of the pot modules are occupied by individual pots or planters, forming a stackable modular pot structure.

15. Modular structure of stackable pots or planters with improved solar exposure and stability, according to the preceding claims 1 to 14, characterized in that each pot-planter module is defined by the resulting geometry of two or more adjacent pots-planters, forming its own pot-planter module.

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