Ligand-drug conjugate of camptothecin analogs and use thereof
By forming ligand-drug conjugates of camptothecin analogs with a cell-binding molecule and a linker unit, the solubility and stability issues of camptothecin are addressed, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity in cancer treatment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/139197
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-09-13
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Camptothecin and its analogs have low solubility in physiological buffers, leading to aggregation in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which complicates scale-up manufacturing and can cause systemic side effects due to their limited therapeutic index.
Development of ligand-drug conjugates of camptothecin analogs linked to a cell-binding molecule, utilizing a linker unit to enhance solubility and stability, thereby reducing aggregation and improving manufacturing feasibility.
The conjugation of camptothecin analogs with a cell-binding molecule and a suitable linker unit enhances the solubility and stability of the camptothecin payload, reducing systemic toxicity and improving the therapeutic index, thus offering a more effective and safer treatment option for cancer.
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Figure CN2024139197_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LIGAND-DRUG CONJUGATE OF CAMPTOTHECIN ANALOGS AND USE THEREOFFieldProvided are conjugates of camptothecin analogs with a cell-surface receptor-biding molecule for targeted therapy, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a conjugate. Also provided are intermediates of conjugates of camptothecin analogs and preparation methods thereof. Also provided are uses of a conjugate of a camptothecin analog and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a conjugate of the camptothecin analog to a cell-binding molecule for targeted treatment of cancer.BackgroundCancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy are the standard-of-care therapies. Although chemotherapy is widely applied, the use of most chemotherapies is limited by undesired side effects, mostly through action on cells beyond the tumor and its environment, resulting in systemic toxicity and a narrow therapeutic window. The discovery of the unique composition of cancer cell surfaces combined with the understanding of the strong and selective interaction between antibodies and cell-surface antigens opened the way to exploit antibodies as targeted delivery agents for chemotherapies, including highly toxic drugs (Drago, J.Z. et al., Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 2021.; Khongorzul, P. et al., Mol. Cancer Res. 2020, 18, 3–19.; Joubert, N. et al.; The Last Decade. Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 245.; Ravi V.J. Chari et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 3796–3827. ) . The resulting molecular entities, also known as antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) consist of three main parts: the antibody responsible for the selective recognition of the cancer cell surface antigen capable of internalizing the ADC, the drug payload responsible for killing the cancer cell once released inside it, and the linker connecting the antibody and payload parts.Antibody-drug conjugates, combining the selective targeting of tumor cells through antigen-directed recognition and potent cell-killing by cytotoxic payloads, have emerged in recent years as an efficient therapeutic approach for the treatment of various cancers (Nature review Drug Discovery, 2013, 12, 329-332) . The first ADC (Mylotarg) was approved in 2000 (and following withdrawal in 2010, reapproved in 2017) , and the second ADC (Adcetris) received accelerated approval in 2011 and full approval in 2015. The third (Kadcyla) and fourth (Besponsa) ADCs were approved in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Kadcyla is the first ADC approved for solid tumor treatment. Since 2019, more than ten ADCs have been approved, and there are more than 100 ADCs in clinical development.It has been known that the payload-linker component in the ADC critically contributes to ADC homogeneity, circulation stability, pharmacokinetic profiles, tolerability and overall treatment efficacy (Acchionea, M. et al., mAbs. 2012, 4, 362.; Zhao, R.Y. et al., J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 3606; ) . Despite extensive study to improve these profiles, most payloads used so far include DNA damaging agents (such as calicheamicins, PBD, and duocarmysins) , microtubule disrupting agents (such as maytansins, like DM1 or DM4; auruistatins like MMAE or MMAF; tubulysins) and topoisomerase inhibitors (such as camptothecins like Dxd or SN-38) . (Leung, D., et al., Antibodies (Basel) . 2020, 9, 2.; Khongorzul, P., et al., Mol. Cancer. Res., 2020, 18, 3.; Chau, C.H., et al., Lancet. 2019, 394, 793. )Among these payloads, the camptothecins have proved a promising choice with a wider therapeutic index than many other payloads for ADC construction. Two of the approved ADCs, Enhertu and Trodelvy, which employ the camptothecin payloads Dxd and SN-38 respectively, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits (Progression-Free-Survival, PFS and Overall-Survival, OS) for solid tumors in many clinical trials (Pondé, N., et al., Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2019, 20, 37.; Kaplon, H., et al., Mabs. 2020, 12, 1703531. ) . By interacting with DNA enzyme topoisomerase I and then accumulating reversible enzyme-camptothecin-DNA ternary complexes, camptothecin can induce cell death.Camptothecin and most of its analogs are extremely insoluble in physiological buffer and have demonstrated high adverse drug reaction in the preliminary clinical trial since 1970s. The low solubility of camptothecin can cause their ADC conjugates to aggregate (Burke, P., et al. Bioconjugate Chem. 2009, 20, 6, 1242) which is problematic for scale-up manufacturing production and may cause systematic side-effects resulting from aggregation. So far, the US FDA has only approved three water-soluble camptothecin analogs: topotecan, irinotecan and belotecan in cancer therapy (Palakurthi, S., Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015., 12 (12) , 1911) . Most of the camptothecin payloads employed to date for ADC development suffer from low solubility, which further limits the Drug-to-Antibody Ratio and results in low potency.Provided herein is a series of ligand-drug conjugates of camptothecin analogs.SummaryProvided are conjugates of camptothecin analogs linked to a cell-binding molecule, camptothecin analog-linker compounds, camptothecin analogs, methods to prepare and to use them.Aspect 1: The present disclosure provides a ligand-drug conjugate having a formula ofT- (L-D) m,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein:T is a targeting or binding Ligand;L is a Linker Unit;m is an integer or fraction of integer selected from 1 to 12;D is a Drug Unit having a formula of D1wherein:R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from 1 or 2;R1d is selected from H or halo;R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and C3-C6 heterocycloalkyl; or R2a and R2b are combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl;Z is-R3a-R3b;R3b is selected from-OH, -SH, and -NHR3c;R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 arylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 heteroarylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -N (C1-C8 alkyl) -C2-C8 alkylene-, and -NR3dR3e-R3f-;R3g is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of O, S, S (O) , S (O) 2, -NHC (=O) -, -NHC (=O) O-, -NHC (=O) NH-, -OC (=O) NH-, -NHC (=O) S-, -NHC (=S) NH-, and -NHS (O) 2-;R3d and R3e are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 4 to 9 membered ring containing one or two nitrogen atoms;R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of -C (O) -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene (C1-C3 alkyl) -, -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-;R3c is selected from H or C1-C6 alkyl;wherein D is covalently attached to L via any suitable attachment site on D, optionally wherein a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl, thiol, primary amine, or secondary amine of D is replaced with a bond to L or a tertiary amine of D is quaternized to form a bond to L;provided that when R1a and R1b combine to form-O-CH=CH-and R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, and -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-; then R3g is not-NHC (=O) -.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, and -CH=CH-CH=CH-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula of Ⅰ,wherein:X is-C (R5b) -or-N-;R5a is either absent, or R5a and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R5a and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, each “3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl” and each “4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl” are independently optionally substituted with one to three R9;R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl and wherein each of C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; or R4 and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, provided that R5a and R5b do not also form a ring; or R4 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R6 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R4 and R6 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R7 and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form oxo, 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; and wherein each of the 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl and 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; and the remaining of R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to four R9;R9 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, oxo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl; or two R9 groups when attached to adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R9 groups when attached to the same carbon and taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to three fluoro or hydroxy, and C1-C3 alkyl;n1 and n2 are each an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; provided that n1+n2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below:In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below:In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R1c and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R3f is selected from the group consisting of -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein D is covalently attached to L via an O, S, or N atom of R3b, wherein a hydrogen atom of -OH, -SH, or-NHR3c of R3b is replaced with a bond to L.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R2a and R2b are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3alkyl.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R3b is-OH.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R3a is selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S (O) 2-C1-C6 alkylene-, and -NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R3a is-C1-C6alkylene-or-S-C1-C6alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R3a is-NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R3f is either absent, or selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, and -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein D having a formula of D1a, D1b, D1c, D1d, D1e, D1f, D1g, D1h, D1m, D1n, D1p, or D1q,wherein R1e and R1f at each occurrence are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R1a, R1c, R1d, R2a, R2b and Z at each occurrence are as defined for formula D1 in Aspect 1 and any embodiments thereof.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting ofIn some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting ofIn some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting ofIn some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein D is covalently attached to L via an O atom of the substituent located on the 7-position carbon atom of camptothecin, wherein a hydrogen atom of -OH is replaced with a bond to L.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L is a Linker Unit having a formula of-L1-L2-L3-L4-wherein L1 is Connector Unit; L2 is either absent, or a Partitioning Agent; L3 is an Amino Acid Unit; L4 is either absent, or a Spacer Unit; and wherein L1 is connected to T.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein:L1 is selected from the group consisting of-CH (CH2COOH) -C (O) -NH-, -CH (COOH) -CH2-C (O) -NH-, -CH2C (O) -, -CH=CH-P (O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) -NH-W1-C (O) -, and wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, -NHC (O) CH2- (OCH2CH2) p6-OC1-C6 alkyl, and cycloalkyl; p6 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; and wherein the left side of each of the L1 groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or - (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein:L1 is selected from the group consisting of-CH (CH2COOH) -C (O) -NH-, -CH (COOH) -CH2-C (O) -NH-, -CH2C (O) -, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the left side of each of the L1 groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein:L1 is selected from the group consisting ofand -CH=CH-P (O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) -NH-W1-C (O) -; wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, and C1-C8 alkynylene; q3 is an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, -NHC (O) CH2- (OCH2CH2) p6-OC1-C6 alkyl, and cycloalkyl; p6 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; and wherein the left side of each of the L1 groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or - (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein:L1 iswherein W1 isR17, R18, and R19 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, - (CH2CH2O) p7- (C1-C6 alkyl) , -SO3H, -PO (OH) 2, and C1-C6 alkyl; R20 at each occurrence is independently C1-C6 alkylene; p7 is an integer selected from 1 to 15; W is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the left side of each of the L1 groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or - (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L1 isand wherein Z1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is-O-or-CH2-; q1 and q2 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L2 is selected from the group consisting of -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; “5-to 6-membered heteroarylene” at each occurrence is independently selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L3 is an amino acid residue or peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the amino acids are selected from Phenylalanine (F) , Glycine (G) , Valine (V) , Lysine (K) , Citrulline, Serine (S) , Glutamic acid (E) , and Aspartic acid (N) ; wherein the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-N (CH3) -CH2COOH, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, -NH- (CH2CH2O) g1-C1-C6 alkyl, -C (O) - (CH2CH2O) g1- (CH2) g-N [CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 2, -NH-C [CH2OCH2CH2C (O) NHCH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 3, and wherein g at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 0 to 5; s is an integer selected from 0 to 3; Y2, Y3, and Y4 at each occurrence are selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -S-, and -O-; g1 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; optionally a peptide residue composed of 1, 2 or more Phenylalanine and Glycine; optionally is a peptide residue composed of 4 amino acids; optionally is a peptide residue composed of GGFG; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L3 is an amino acid residue or peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the amino acids are selected from Phenylalanine (F) , Glycine (G) , Valine (V) , Lysine (K) , Citrulline, Serine (S) , Glutamic acid (E) , and Aspartic acid (N) ; wherein the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, and wherein g at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 0 to 5; s is an integer selected from 0 to 3; Y2, Y3, and Y4 at each occurrence are selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -S-, and -O-; g1 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; optionally a peptide residue composed of 1, 2 or more Phenylalanine and Glycine; optionally is a peptide residue composed of 4 amino acids; optionally is a peptide residue composed of GGFG; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L4 is absent orwherein R14 and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C2-C8 alkenylene, C2-C8 alkynylene, phenylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C2-C8 alkenylene, C2-C8alkynylene.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein the ligand-drug conjugates include, but are not limited to:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof;In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein T is a targeting antibody or ligand binding to antigen; wherein the antibody is selected from chimeric antibody, humanized antibody, and human antibody.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein T is a monoclonal antibody.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein T is selected from anti-Her2 (ErbB2) antibody, anti-EGFR antibody, anti-B7H3 antibody, anti-c-MET antibody, anti-Her3 (ErbB3) antibody, anti-Her4 (ErbB4) antibody, anti-CD20 antibody, anti-CD22 antibody, anti-CD30 antibody, anti-CD33 antibody, anti-CD44 antibody, anti-CD56 antibody, anti-CD70 antibody, anti-CD73 antibody, anti-CD105 antibody, anti-CEA antibody, anti-A33 antibody, anti-Cripto antibody, anti-EphA2 antibody, anti-G250 antibody, anti-MICI antibody, anti-Lewis Y antibody, anti-VEGFR antibody, anti-GPNMB antibody, anti-Integrin antibody, anti-PSMA antibody, anti-Tenascin-C antibody, anti-SLC44A4 antibody, anti-Mesothelin antibody, and anti-ROR1 antibody or the fragment binding to the antigen.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein T is selected from Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, Nimotuzumab, Enoblituzumab, Emibetuzumab, Inotuzumab, Pinatuzumab, Brentuximab, Gemtuzumab, Bivatuzumab, Lorvotuzumab, cBR96, and Glembatumumab or the fragment binding to the antigen.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein T is Trastuzumab.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein m is an integer or fraction of an integer selected from 2 to 8.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein m is an integer or fraction of an integer selected from 3 to 8.Aspect 2: The present disclosure provides a compound having the formula ofL-D,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, wherein:L is a Linker Unit;D is a Drug Unit having a formula of D1wherein:R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from 1 or 2;R1d is selected from H or halo;R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and C3-C6 heterocycloalkyl; or R2a and R2b are combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl;Z is-R3a-R3b;R3b is selected from-OH, -SH, and -NHR3c;R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 arylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 heteroarylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -N (C1-C8 alkyl) -C2-C8 alkylene-, and -NR3dR3e-R3f-;R3g is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of O, S, S (O) , S (O) 2, -NHC (=O) -, -NHC (=O) O-, -NHC (=O) NH-, -OC (=O) NH-, -NHC (=O) S-, -NHC (=S) NH-, and -NHS (O) 2-;R3d and R3e are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 4 to 9 membered ring containing one or two nitrogen atoms;R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of -C (O) -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene (C1-C3 alkyl) -, -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-;R3c is selected from H or C1-C6 alkyl;wherein D is covalently attached to L via any suitable attachment site on D, optionally wherein a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl, thiol, primary amine, or secondary amine of D is replaced with a bond to L or a tertiary amine of D is quaternized to form a bond to L;provided that when R1a and R1b combine to form-O-CH=CH-and R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, and -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-; then R3g is not-NHC (=O) -.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, and -CH=CH-CH=CH-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula of Ⅰ,wherein:X is-C (R5b) -or-N-;R5a is either absent, or R5a and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R5a and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, each “3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl” and each “4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl” are independently optionally substituted with one to three R9;R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl and wherein each of C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; or R4 and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, provided that R5a and R5b do not also form a ring; or R4 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R6 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R4 and R6 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R7 and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form oxo, 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; and wherein each of the 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl and 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; and the remaining of R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to four R9;R9 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, oxo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl; or two R9 groups when attached to adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R9 groups when attached to the same carbon and taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to three fluoro or hydroxy, and C1-C3 alkyl;n1 and n2 are each an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; provided that n1+n2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below:In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below:In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R1c and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R3f is selected from the group consisting of -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein D is covalently attached to L via an O, S, or N atom of R3b, wherein a hydrogen atom of -OH, -SH, or-NHR3c of R3b is replaced with a bond to L.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R2a and R2b are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3alkyl.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R3b is-OH.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R3a is selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S (O) 2-C1-C6 alkylene-, and -NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R3a is-C1-C6 alkylene-or-S-C1-C6 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R3a is-NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein R3f is either absent, or selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, and -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein D having a formula of D1a, D1b, D1c, D1d, D1e, D1f, D1g, D1h, D1m, D1n, D1p, or D1q,wherein R1e and R1f at each occurrence are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R1a, R1c, R1d, R2a, R2b and Z at each occurrence are as defined for formula D1 in Aspect 2 and any embodiments thereof.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting ofIn some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting ofIn some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein D is covalently attached to L via an O atom of the substituent located on the 7-position carbon atom of camptothecin, wherein a hydrogen atom of -OH is replaced with a bond to L.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L is a Linker Unit having a formula ofL1a-L2-L3-L4-wherein L1a is Connector Unit; L2 is either absent, or a Partitioning Agent; L3 is an Amino Acid Unit; L4 is either absent, or a Spacer Unit.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein:L1a is selected from the group consisting ofBr-CH2C (O) -, CH ≡C-P (O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) -NH-W1-C (O) -, andwherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, -NHC (O) CH2- (OCH2CH2) p6-OC1-C6 alkyl, and cycloalkyl; p6 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; and wherein the right side of each of the L1a groups provided above is attached to L2or L3;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or - (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein:L1a is selected from the group consisting ofBr-CH2C (O) -, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the right side of each of the L1a groups provided above is attached to L2or L3;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein:L1a is selected from the group consisting ofand CH≡C-P (O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) -NH-W1-C (O) -; wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, and C1-C8 alkynylene; q3 is an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, -NHC (O) CH2- (OCH2CH2) p6-OC1-C6 alkyl, and cycloalkyl; p6 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; and wherein the right side of each of the L1a groups provided above is attached to L2or L3;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or - (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein:L1a iswherein W1 isR17, R18, and R19 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, - (CH2CH2O) p7- (C1-C6 alkyl) , -SO3H, -PO (OH) 2, and C1-C6 alkyl; R20 at each occurrence is independently C1-C6 alkylene; p7 is an integer selected from 1 to 15; W is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the left side of each of the L1a groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or - (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L1a isand wherein Z1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is-O-or-CH2-; q1 and q2 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L2 is selected from the group consisting of -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5- to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; “5-to 6-membered heteroarylene” at each occurrence is independently selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L3 is an amino acid residue or peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the amino acids are selected from Phenylalanine (F) , Glycine (G) , Valine (V) , Lysine (K) , Citrulline, Serine (S) , Glutamic acid (E) , and Aspartic acid (N) ; wherein the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-N (CH3) -CH2COOH, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, -NH- (CH2CH2O) g1-C1-C6 alkyl, -C (O) - (CH2CH2O) g1- (CH2) g-N [CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 2, -NH-C [CH2OCH2CH2C (O) NHCH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 3, and wherein g at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 0 to 5; s is an integer selected from 0 to 3; Y2, Y3, and Y4 at each occurrence are selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -S-, and -O-; g1 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; optionally a peptide residue composed of 1, 2 or more Phenylalanine and Glycine; optionally is a peptide residue composed of 4 amino acids; optionally is a peptide residue composed of GGFG; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L3 is an amino acid residue or peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the amino acids are selected from Phenylalanine (F) , Glycine (G) , Valine (V) , Lysine (K) , Citrulline, Serine (S) , Glutamic acid (E) , and Aspartic acid (N) ; wherein the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, and wherein g at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 0 to 5; s is an integer selected from 0 to 3; Y2, Y3, and Y4 at each occurrence are selected from the group consisting of -CH2-, -NH-, -S-, and -O-; g1 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; optionally a peptide residue composed of 1, 2 or more Phenylalanine and Glycine; optionally is a peptide residue composed of 4 amino acids; optionally is a peptide residue composed of GGFG; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L4 is absent orwherein R14 and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C2-C8 alkenylene, C2-C8 alkynylene, phenylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C2-C8 alkenylene, C2-C8alkynylene.In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 2, wherein L is selected from structures below:In some embodiments of Aspect 2, the compounds include, but are not limited to:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof.Aspect 3: The present disclosure provides a compound having a formula of D1or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, wherein:R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from 1 or 2;R1d is selected from H or halo;R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and C3-C6 heterocycloalkyl; or R2a and R2b are combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl;Z is-R3a-R3b;R3b is selected from-OH, -SH, and -NHR3c;R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 arylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 heteroarylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -N (C1-C8 alkyl) -C2-C8 alkylene-, and -NR3dR3e-R3f-;R3g is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of O, S, S (O) , S (O) 2, -NHC (=O) -, -NHC (=O) O-, -NHC (=O) NH-, -OC (=O) NH-, -NHC (=O) S-, -NHC (=S) NH-, and -NHS (O) 2-;R3d and R3e are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 4 to 9 membered ring containing one or two nitrogen atoms;R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of -C (O) -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene (C1-C3 alkyl) -, -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-;R3c is selected from H or C1-C6 alkyl;provided that when R1a and R1b combine to form-O-CH=CH-and R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, and -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-; then R3g is not-NHC (=O) -.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 1, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, and -CH=CH-CH=CH-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula of Ⅰ,wherein:X is-C (R5b) -or-N-;R5a is either absent, or R5a and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R5a and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, each “3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl” and each “4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl” are independently optionally substituted with one to three R9;R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl and wherein each of C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; or R4 and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, provided that R5a and R5b do not also form a ring; or R4 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R6 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R4 and R6 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R7 and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form oxo, 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; and wherein each of the 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl and 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; and the remaining of R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to four R9;R9 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, oxo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl; or two R9 groups when attached to adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R9 groups when attached to the same carbon and taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to three fluoro or hydroxy, and C1-C3 alkyl;n1 and n2 are each an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; provided that n1+n2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below:In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below:In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R1c and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R3f is selected from the group consisting of -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and -C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R2a and R2b are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3alkyl.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R3b is-OH.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R3a is selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S (O) 2-C1-C6 alkylene-, and -NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R3a is-C1-C6 alkylene-or-S-C1-C6 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R3a is-NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected fromIn some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein R3f is either absent, or selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, and -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein the compound having a formula of D1a, D1b, D1c, D1d, D1e, D1f, D1g, D1h, D1m, D1n, D1p, or D1q,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, wherein R1e and R1f at each occurrence are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R1a, R1c, R1d, R2a, R2b and Z at each occurrence are as defined for formula D1 in Aspect 3 and any embodiments thereof.In some embodiments of Aspect 3, wherein the compounds include, but are not limited to:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof.In another embodiment, the cell-surface binding molecule T may be of any kind presently known, or which become known cell binding ligands, such as peptides and non-peptides. Generally, the cell-binding molecule T is an antibody; a single chain antibody; an antibody fragment that binds to the target cell; a monoclonal antibody; a single chain monoclonal antibody; or a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds the target cell; a chimeric antibody; a chimeric antibody fragment that binds to the target cell; a domain antibody; a domain antibody fragment that binds to the target cell; adnectins that mimic antibodies, DARPins; a lymphokine; a hormone; a vitamin; a growth factor; a colony stimulating factor; or a nutrient-transport molecule (a transferrin) , a binding peptide, or protein, or antibody, or small affinity molecule attached on albumin, polymers, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoparticles, vesicles, (viral) capsids. Preferably the binding molecule T is a monoclonal antibody.Also provided herein is a compound of the formula T- (L-D) m, L-D, D1, and any embodiments thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the compound is a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer or mixture thereof.Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the ligand-drug conjugate of formula T- (L-D) m, L-D, D1, and any embodiments thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer or mixture thereof.Another aspect of the present disclosure further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 1) the ligand-drug conjugate or compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to the present disclosure and optionally a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer or mixture thereof, and 2) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (s) , diluent (s) , or excipient (s) .Another aspect of the present disclosure further relates to a use of 1) the ligand-drug conjugate or compound of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer or mixture thereof or 2) the pharmaceutical composition comprising the same according to the present disclosure in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing a tumor; optionally the tumor is a cancer; optionally the tumor is a cancer related to the expression of HER2, HER3, HER4, ROR1, TROP-2, B7-H3, c-MET, CD20, CD22, CD30, or EGFR.Another aspect of the present discosure further relates to a method of treating a tumor in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject 1) the ligand-drug conjugate or compound of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer or mixture thereof or 2) the pharmaceutical composition comprising the same according to the present disclosure; optionally the tumor is a cancer; optionally the tumor is a cancer related to the expression of HER2, HER3, HER4, ROR1, TROP-2, B7-H3, c-MET, CD20, CD22, CD30, or EGFR.Another aspect of the present discosure further relates to 1) the ligand-drug conjugate or compound of the present disclosure, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer or mixture thereof or 2) the pharmaceutical composition comprising the same according to the present disclosure for use in treating tumor; optionally the tumor is a cancer; optionally the tumor is a cancer related to the expression of HER2, HER3, HER4, ROR1, TROP-2, B7-H3, c-MET, CD20, CD22, CD30, or EGFR. In certain embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, urethral cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, endometrial cancer, salivary gland cancer, esophageal cancer, melanoma, glioma, neuroblasfoma, sarcoma, lung cancer (for example, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer) , colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia (for example, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic lenkemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukenia) , bone cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lymphoma (for example, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or recurrent anaplastic large cell lymphoma) .The active compound can be formulated into a form suitable for administration by an appropriate route, and the active compound is preferably in the form of a unit dose, or in a form in which the patient can self-administer in a single dose. The form of the unit dose of the compound or composition of the present disclosure can be tablet, capsule, cachet, bottled portion, powder, granule, lozenge, suppository, regenerating powder or liquid preparation.The dosage of the compound or composition in the treatment method of the present disclosure will generally vary according to the severity of the disease, the weight of the patient, and the relative efficacy of the compound. However, as a general guide, a suitable unit dose can be 0.1 to 1000 mg.In addition to the active compound, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can also comprise one or more auxiliaries including filter (diluent) , binder, wetting agent, disintegrant, excipient and the like. Depending on the administration mode, the composition can comprise 0.1 to 99%by weight of the active compound.The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.The pharmaceutical composition can be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous solution. Acceptable vehicles or solvents that can be used are water, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution. The sterile injectable formulation can be a sterile injectable oil-in-water micro-emulsion in which the active ingredient is dissolved in an oil phase. For example, the active ingredient is dissolved in a mixture of soybean oil and lecithin. The oil solution is then added to a mixture of water and glycerin and processed to form a micro-emulsion. The injectable solution or micro-emulsion can be introduced into a patient's bloodstream by local bolus injection. Alternatively, the solution and micro-emulsion are preferably administrated in a manner that maintains a constant circulating concentration of the compound of the present disclosure. In order to maintain this constant concentration, a continuous intravenous delivery device can be used. An example of such a device is Deltec CADD-PLUSTM 5400 intravenous injection pump.The pharmaceutical composition can be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspension for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Such a suspension can be formulated with suitable dispersants or wetting agents and suspending agents as described above according to known techniques. The sterile injectable formulation can also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension prepared in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent. Moreover, sterile fixed oils can easily be used as a solvent or suspending medium.It is well known to those skilled in the art that the dosage of a drug depends on a variety of factors including, but not limited to the following factors: activity of a specific compound, age of the patient, weight of the patient, general health of the patient, behavior of the patient, diet of the patient, administration time, administration route, excretion rate, drug combination and the like. In addition, the optimal treatment, such as treatment mode, daily dose of the compound of formula (I) or the type of pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be verified according to traditional therapeutic regimens.Brief Description of the FiguresFIG. 1 shows the results of an ADC efficacy study on Capan-1 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-5) .FIG. 2 shows the body weight curve of Capan-1 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-5) .FIG. 3 shows the results of an ADC efficacy study on NCI-N87 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-4) .FIG. 4 shows the body weight curve of NCI-N87 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-4) .FIG. 5 shows the results of an ADC efficacy study on NCI-N87 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-5 and ADC-8) .FIG. 6 shows the body weight curve of NCI-N87 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-5 and ADC-8) .FIG. 7 shows the results of an ADC efficacy study on JIMT-1 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-5) .FIG. 8 shows the body weight curve of JIMT-1 tumor bearing nude mice (ADC-5) .FIG. 9 shows the concentration of payload in plasma, lung tissue, and tumor tissue at 4 h after IV administration.FIG. 10 shows the concentration of payload in plasma, lung tissue, and tumor tissue at 24 h after IV administration.FIG. 11 shows the body weight of rats after IV administration.Detailed DescriptionUnless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein are consistent with the common understanding of those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure, preferred methods and materials are described herein. When describing and protecting the present disclosure, the following terms are used in accordance with the following definitions.Unless otherwise stated, the terms used in the specification and claims have the meanings described below.“A” and “an, ” as used in herein, mean one or more, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.“Ligand” refers to a compound capable of recognizing and binding to an antigen or receptor associated with a target cell. The role of the ligand is to deliver the drug to the target cell population that binds to the ligand. Such ligands include, but are not limited to, protein hormones, lectins, growth factors, antibodies, peptides or other molecules that can bind to cells. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ligand is represented by T for trastuzumab. The ligand can form a bond with the Linker via a heteroatom on the ligand. The ligand is preferably an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof. The antibody is selected from the group consisting of chimeric antibody, humanized antibody, fully humanized antibody or murine antibody, and preferably a monoclonal antibody.The term “drug” refers to a cytotoxic drug as provided herein, being a chemical molecule that can strongly disrupt the normal growth of tumor cells. In principle, all cytotoxic drugs can kill tumor cells at a sufficiently high concentration.The term “Linker, ” “Linker unit, ” “Linking fragment, ” or “Linking unit” refers to a chemical structural fragment or bond, which is linked to a ligand at one end and linked to a drug at another end. The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are represented by L and L1 to L4, wherein the L1 end is linked to the ligand, and the L4 end is linked to the drug.The Linker, including extension unit, spacer unit, and amino acid unit, can be synthesized by methods known in the art, such as those described in US 2005-0238649A1. The linker can be a “cleavable linker” or “releasable linker” that facilitates the release of the drug in cell. For example, an acid labile linker (for example, hydrazone) , a protease-sensitive (for example, peptidase-sensitive) linker, a light-labile linker, a dimethyl linker or a disulfide-containing linker can be used (Chari et al., Cancer Research 52: 127-131 (1992) ; U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,020) .The term “ligand-drug conjugate” means that a biologically active drug is linked to a ligand as provided herein through a stable linking unit. In the present disclosure, the "ligand-drug conjugate" is preferably an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , which means that a toxic drug is linked to a monoclonal antibody or antibody fragment with biological activity through a stable linking unit.The three-letter codes and one-letter codes for amino acids used in the present disclosure are as described in J. Biol. Chem, 243, p 3558 (1968) .The term “antibody” refers to immunoglobulin, a four-peptide chain structure connected together by interchain disulfide bond between two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. The antibodies described in the present disclosure are preferably specific antibodies against the cell surface antigens on the target cells, non-limiting examples are one or more of the following antibodies: anti-HER2 (ErbB2) antibody, anti-EGFR antibody, anti-B7-H3 antibody, anti-c-Met antibody, anti-HER3 (ErbB3) antibody, anti-HER4 (ErbB4) antibody, anti-CD20 antibody, anti-CD22 antibody, anti-CD30 antibody, anti-CD33 antibody, anti-CD44 antibody, anti-CD56 antibody, anti-CD70 antibody, anti-CD73 antibody, anti-CD105 antibody, anti-CEA antibody, anti-A33 antibody, anti-Cripto antibody, anti-EphA2 antibody, anti-G250 antibody, anti-MUC1 antibody, anti-Lewis Y antibody, anti-VEGFR antibody, anti-GPNMB antibody, anti-Integrin antibody, anti-PSMA antibody, anti-Tenascin-C antibody, anti-SLC44A4 antibody or anti-Mesothelin antibody, and preferably Trastuzumab (trade name Herceptin) , Pertuzumab (also known as 2C4, trade name Peijeta) , Nimotuzumab (trade name Taixinsheng) , Enoblituzumab, Emibetuzumab, Inotuzumab, Pinatuzumab, Brentuximab, Gemtuzumab, Bivatuzumab, Lorvotuzumab, cBR96 and Glembatumumab.The term “antigen binding fragment” refers to one or more fragments of an antibody retaining the specific binding ability to the antigen. It has been shown that fragments of full-length antibody can be used to achieve the function of binding with an antigen. The examples of binding fragments in the term “antigen binding fragment” include (i) Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment composed of VL, VH, CL and CH1 domain; (ii) F (ab’) 2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments connected by a disulphide bond in the hinge region; (iii) Fd fragment, consisting of VH and CH: domains; (iv) Fv fragment, consisting of VH and VL domains of one-arm antibody; (v) single domain or dAb fragment (Ward et al. (1989) Nature 341: 544-546) composed of VH domain; and (vi) an isolated complementary determining region (CDR) or (vii) a combination of two or more isolated CDRs optionally connected by a synthetic linker. In addition, although the VL domain and VH domain of the Fv fragment are encoded by two separate genes, they can be connected by a synthetic linker by using recombinant methods, thereby generating a single protein chain of a monovalent molecular formed by pairing the VL and VH domain (referred to as single chain Fv (scFv) ; see, e.g., Bird et al. (1988) Science: 242: 423-426, and Huston et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 85: 5879-5883) . This single chain antibody is also intended to be included in the term “antigen binding fragment” of the antibody. Such antibody fragments are obtained using conventional techniques known by those skilled in the art, and screened for functional fragments by using the same method as that for an intact antibody. Antigen binding sites can be produced by recombinant DNA technology or by enzymatic or chemical disruption of an intact immunoglobulin.The term “CDR” refers to one of the six hypervariable regions within the variable domain of an antibody that primarily contributes to antigen binding. One of the most commonly used definitions for the six CDRs is provided by Kabat E. A. et al. (1991) Sequences of proteins of immunological interest. NIH Publication 91-3242. As used herein, the Kabat definition of CDR only applies to CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 of the light chain variable domain (CDR LI, CDR L2, CDR L3 or L1, L2, L3) , as well as CDR2 and CDR3 of heavy chain variable domain (CDR H2, CDR H3 or H2, H3) .The terms “specific binding” , “selective binding” , “selectively bind” and “specifically bind” refer to the binding of an antibody to an epitope on a predetermined antigen. Typically, the antibody binds with an affinity (KD) of less than about 10-7 M, such as approximately less than about 10-8 M, 10-9 M or 10-10 M or less.Methods for producing and purifying antibodies and antigen binding fragments are well known in the art, such as Cold Spring Harbor Antibody Technical Guide, Chapters 5-8 and 15. The antigen binding fragment can also be prepared by conventional methods. The antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the disclosure are genetically engineered to add one or more human FR regions in nonhuman CDR regions. The human FR germline sequence (s) can be obtained by aligning IMGT human antibody variable germlines gene databases and MOE software from the ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) website at http: / / imgt. cines. fr or from the Journal of Immunoglobulins 20011SBN012441351.The term “peptide” refers to a compound fragment between amino acid and protein, consisting of two or more amino acid molecules connected to each other through peptide bonds. Peptides are structural and functional fragments of proteins. Hormones, enzymes and the like are essentially peptides.The term “toxin” refers to any substance that can have a harmful effect on the growth or proliferation of cells. Toxins can be small molecule toxins and their derivatives from bacteria, fungi, plants or animals.The term “chemotherapeutic drug” refers to a chemical compound that can be used to treat tumors. This definition also includes antihormonal agents that act to modulate, reduce, block, or inhibit the effects of hormones that promote cancer growth, which are often in the form of systemic or holistic therapy.The carbon atom content of various hydrocarbon-containing moieties is indicated by a prefix designating the minimum and maximum number of carbon atoms in the moiety, i.e., the prefix Ci-Cj indicates a moiety of the integer “i” to the integer “j” carbon atoms, inclusive. Thus, for example, C1-C6 alkyl refers to alkyl of one to six carbon atoms, inclusive.The term “Camptothecin” is a potent natural alkaloid with cytotoxic properties. Camptothecin consists of a planar pentacyclic ring system encompassing three fused rings, including pyrrolo- (3, 4-β) -quinoline part (rings A, B and C) , fused to a pyridone (ring D) . The active form of Camptothecin contains a chiral centre within the α-hydroxy lactone ring (ring E) possessing an (S) -configuration. The structure of Camptothecin and the numbering of each carbon atom are shown in formula A:The term “alkyl” as used herein refers to a linear or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbyl substituent (i.e., a substituent obtained from a hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen) ; in one embodiment containing from one to eight carbon atoms, in another one to six carbon atoms, in another two to four carbon atoms, and in yet another one to three carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of such substituents include methyl, ethyl, propyl (including n-propyl and isopropyl) , butyl (including n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, pentyl, isoamyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and the like. In another embodiment containing one to three carbons and consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl. The phrase “each ‘C1-C8 alkyl’ are optionally substituted with one to three R9” means that each “C1-C8 alkyl” in a recited list of groups can be substituted with one to three R9. For example, in the following list, “C1-C8 alkyl, (C1-C8 alkyl) NHC (O) O-, (C1-C8 alkyl) NH-, (C1-C8 alkyl) C (O) O-” each of the C1-C8 alkyl can be substituted with one to three R9. In addition to any group specifically recited in any of the embodiments or claims, in some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, -C1-C12 alkyl (unsubstituted or substituted, in one embodiment with 1, 2, or 3 halo) , aryl, -OH, -O C1-C12alkyl, -S (O) nC1-C4alkyl (wherein n is 0, 1, or 2) , -C1-C4alkylNH2, -NHC1-C4alkyl, -C (=O) H, C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Rb, OC (=O) NRaRc, OC (=O) heteroaryl, and OC (=O) (heterocyclic ring) wherein Ra and Rc are independently hydrogen or -C1-C4alkyl and Rb is alkyl.The term “alkylene” as used herein refers to a divalent alkyl group, as defined herein.The term “- (C0 alkylene) -” refers to a bond. Accordingly, the term “- (C0-C3 alkylene) -” encompasses a bond (i.e., C0) and a- (C1-C3alkylene) -group.The term “alkynylene” refers to a hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment containing from two to six carbon atoms, another embodiment containing from four to six carbon atoms (i.e., C4-C6 alkynylene) . Exemplary alkynylene groups include, for example, -C≡C-, -CH2C≡C-, -C≡C-CH2-, -C≡C-CH2CH2-, -CH2-C≡C-CH2-, and -C≡CHCH2CH2CH2-.The term “alkenylene” refers to a hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. In one embodiment containing from two to six carbon atoms, another embodiment containing from four to six carbon atoms (i.e., C4-C6 alkenylene) . Exemplary alkenylene groups include, for example, -CH=CH-, -CH2CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -CH=CH-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH=CHCH2-, and -CH=CHCH2-.The term “-alkylene-cycloalkylene-” as used herein refers to an alkylene group, as defined herein, bonded to a cycloalkylene group as defined herein.The term “alkoxy” refers to an-OR group, wherein R is alkyl, as defined herein, (i.e., a substituent obtained from a hydrocarbon alcohol by removal of the hydrogen from the OH) ; in one embodiment containing from one to six carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of such substituents include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (including n-propoxy and isopropoxy) , butoxy (including n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy) , pentoxy, hexoxy and the like. In another embodiment having one to three carbons and consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy and isopropoxy. An alkoxy group which is attached to an alkyl group is referred to as an alkoxyalkyl. An example of an alkoxyalkyl group is methoxymethyl.The term “alkoxyalkyl” as used herein refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group, as defined herein.The term “membered ring” can embrace any cyclic structure (for example, spiro ring, bridged ring and fused ring) . The term “membered” is meant to denote the number of skeletal atoms that constitute the ring. Thus, for example, cyclohexyl, pyridine, pyran and thiopyran are 6-membered rings and cyclopentyl, pyrrole, furan, and thiophene are 5-membered rings.The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a carbocyclic substituent obtained by removing a hydrogen from a saturated or a partially unsaturated (but does not comprise an aromatic ring) carbocyclic molecule, for example one embodiment having three to seven carbon atoms, another embodiment having five to six carbon atoms. The term “cycloalkyl” includes monocyclic saturated carbocycles. The term “C3-C7 cycloalkyl” means a radical of a three-to seven-membered ring system which includes the groups cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. The cycloalkyl groups can also be bicyclic (including bridged ring and fused ring) or spirocyclic carbocycles. For example, the term “C3-C12 cycloalkyl” includes monocyclic carbocycles and bicyclic and spirocyclic cycloalkyl moieties such as bicydapentyl, bicydohexyl, bicycloheptyl, bicyclooctyl, bicyclononyl, spiropentyl, spirohexyl, spiroheptyl, spirooctyl and spironanyl. In addition to any group specifically recited in any of the embodiments or claims, in some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, -C1-C12alkyl (unsubstituted or substituted, in one embodiment with 1, 2, or 3 halo) , aryl, -OH, -O C1-C12alkyl, -S (O) nC1-C4alkyl (wherein n is 0, 1, or 2) , -C1-C4alkylNH2, -NHC1-C4alkyl, -C (=O) H, C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Rb, OC (=O) NRaRc, OC (=O) heteroaryl, and OC (=O) (heterocyclic ring) wherein Ra and Rc are independently hydrogen or -C1-C4alkyl and Rb is alkyl.The term “cycloalkylene” refers to a divalent cycloalkyl group, as defined herein.In some instances, the number of atoms in a cyclic substituent containing one or more heteroatoms (ie., heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl is indicated by the prefix “x-to y-membered, ” wherein x is the minimum and y is the maximum number of atoms forming the cyclic moiety of the substituent. Thus, for example, “4 to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl” refers to a heterocycloalkyl containing from 4 to 6 atoms, including one to three heteroatoms, in the cyclic moiety of the heterocycloalkyl. Likewise, the phrase “5-to 6-membered heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl containing from 5 to 6 atoms, and “5-to 10-membered heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl containing from 5 to 10 atoms, each including one or more heteroatoms, in the cyclic moiety of the 30 heteroaryl. Furthermore, the phrases “5-membered heteroaryl” and “6-membered heteroaryl” refer to a five-membered heteroaromatic ring system and a six-membered heteroaromatic ring system, respectively. The heteroatoms present in these ring systems are selected from N, O, S (O) , S (O) 2, and S.The term “hydroxy” or “hydroxyl” refers to-OH. When used in combination with another term (s) , the prefix “hydroxy” indicates that the substituent to which the prefix is attached is substituted with one or more hydroxy substituents. Compounds bearing a carbon to which one or more hydroxy substituents include, for example, alcohols, enols, and phenol. The terms cyano and nitrile refer to a -CN group. The term “oxo” means an oxygen which is attached to a carbon by a double bond (i.e., when R4 is oxo then R4 together with the carbon to which it is attached are a C=O moiety) .The term “hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, substituted with 1, 2, or 3 hydroxy groups.The term “halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (which may be depicted as-F) , chlorine (which may be depicted as-Cl) , bromine (which may be depicted as-Br) , or iodine (which may be depicted as -I) .The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 halo groups. In some embodiments, haloalkyl includes chloroalkyl.The term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a substituent obtained by removing a hydrogen from a saturated or partially saturated ring structure containing a total of the specified number of atoms, such as one embodiment containing 4 to 6 ring atoms or 4 to 12 ring atoms, wherein at least one of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (i.e., oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur) , with the remaining ring atoms being independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The sulfur may be oxidized [i.e., S (O) or S (O) 2] or not. In a group that has a heterocycloalkyl substituent, the ring atom of the heterocycloalkyl substituent that is bound to the group may be a nitrogen heteroatom, or it may be a ring carbon atom. Similarly, if the heterocycloalkyl substituent is in turn substituted with a group or substituent, the group or substituent may be bound to a nitrogen heteroatom, or it may be bound to a ring carbon atom. It is to be understood that a heterocyclic group may be monocyclic, bicyclic (including bridged ring and fused ring) , polycyclic or spirocyclic. In addition to any group specifically recited in any of the embodiments or claims, in some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, -C1-C12alkyl (unsubstituted or substituted, in one embodiment with 1, 2, or 3 halo) , aryl, -OH, -O C1-C12alkyl, -S (O) nC1-C4alkyl (wherein n is 0, 1, or 2) , -C1-C4alkylNH2, -NHC1-C4alkyl, -C (=O) H, C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Rb, OC (=O) NRaRc, OC (=O) heteroaryl, and OC (=O) (heterocyclic ring) ; wherein Ra and Rc are independently hydrogen or-C1-C4alkyl and Rb is alkyl.The term “heterocycloalkylene” refers to a divalent heterocycloalkyl group, as defined herein.The term “aryl” refers to a carbocyclic monocyclic or bicyclic ring system, wherein the monocyclic ring is aromatic, and the bicyclic ring comprises at least one aromatic ring. Optionally, one embodiment having six to ten carbon atoms, another embodiment having six to eight carbon atoms. Examples of “aryl” include phenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and naphthyl. In addition to any group specifically recited in any of the embodiments or claims, in some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halo, -C1-12alkyl (unsubstituted or substituted, in one embodiment with 1, 2, or 3 halo) , aryl, -OH, -OC1-12alkyl, -S (O) nC1-4alkyl (wherein n is 0, 1, or 2) , -C1-4alkylNH2, -NHC1-4alkyl, -C (=O) H, C (=O) ORa, -OC (=O) Rb, OC (=O) NRaRc, OC (=O) heteroaryl, OC (=O) (heterocyclic ring) and C=N-ORd wherein Ra, Rc, and Rd are independently hydrogen or-C1-4alkyl and Rb is alkyl.The term “arylene” as used herein refers to a divalent aryl group, as defined herein.The term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, wherein one or more-CH2-is replaced by a group independently selected from-O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2, and -NR-where R is hydrogen or alkyl, as defined herein, and / or wherein one or more-CH3 group is replaced by a group independently selected from-OH, -SH, and -NH2. Heteroalkyl includes 2-thioethyl, 2-amino-prop-1-yl, 2-hydroxy-eth-1-yl, N-methyl-amino-ethyl, and the like. Hydroxyalkyl is a subset of heteroalkyl.The term “heteroalkylene” refers to a divalent heteroalkyl, as defined herein.The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic ring structure containing the specified number of ring atoms in which at least one of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (i.e., oxygen, nitrogen, and / or sulfur) , with the remaining ring atoms being carbon. Optionally, one embodiment having five to ten ring atoms, another embodiment having five to six ring atoms. Examples of heteroaryl substituents include 6-membered heteroaryl rings such as pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyridazinyl; and 5-merbered heteroaryl rings such as triazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, 1, 2, 3-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 5-oxadiazolyl, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazolyl and isothiazolyl. The heteroaryl group can also be a bicyclic heteroaromatic group such as indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzimidazoly, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, oxazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl and the like. In a group that has a heteroaryl ring, the ring atom of the heteroaryl ring that is bound to the group may be a nitrogen atom, or it may be a ring carbon atom. Similarly, if the heteroaryl ring is in turn substituted with a group or substituent, the group or substituent may be bound to a nitrogen atom, or it may be bound to a ring carbon atom. The term “heteroaryl” also includes pyridyl N-oxides and groups containing a pyridine N-oxide ring. In addition, the heteroaryl group may contain an oxo group such as the one present in a pyridone group. Further examples include furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridin-2 (1H) -onyl, pyridazin-2 (1H) -onyl, pyrimidin-2 (1H-onyl, pyrazin-2 (1H) -onyl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, and pyrazolo [1, 5-alpyridinyl. The heteroaryl can be further substituted as defined herein.Examples of single-ring heteroaryls and heterocycloalkyls include furanyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, pyrrolyl, isopyralyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrolidinyl, imidazolyl, isoimidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazalidinyl, tiazolyl, tetrazolyl, dithiolyl, oxathiolyl, oxazalyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolinyl, isothiazolinyl, thiazolicdinyl, isothiazolidinyl, thiaoxadiazolyl, oxathiazolyl, Dxadiazolyl {including oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 5-oxadiazolyl, or 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoly) , pyranyl (including 1, 2-pyranyl or 1, 4-pyranyl) , dihydropyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, diazinyl (including pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, triazinyl (including s-triazinyl, as-triazinyl and v-triazinyl) , oxazinyl (including 2H-1, 2-oxazinyl, 6H-1, 3-oxazinyl, or 2H-1, 4-oxazinyl) , isoxazinyl (including O-isoxazinyl or p-isoxazinyl) , oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, oxathiazinyl (including 1, 2, 5-oxathiazinyl or 1, 2, 6-oxathiazinyl) , oxadiazinyl (including 2H1, 2, 4-oxadiazinyl or 2H1, 2, 5-oxadiazinyl) , and morpholinyl.The term “heteroaryl” can also include, when specified as such, ring systems having two rings wherein such rings may be fused and wherein one ring is aromatic and the other ring is not fully part of the conjugated aromatic system (i.e., the heteroaromatic ring can be fused to a cycloalkyl an heterocycloalkyl ring) . Non-limiting examples of such ring systems include 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroisoquinalinyl, 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [b] pyridinyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta [c] pyridinyl, 1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyclopenta [clpyrazolyl, 2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrocyc lopenta [c] pyrazolyl, 5, 6-dihydro-4Hpyrolo [1, 2-b] pyrazolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [1, 2-b [1, 2, 4] triazol yl, 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro- [1, 2.4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyridinyl, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydropyrazolo [1.5-a] pyridinyl, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-1H-indazolyl and 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-2H-indazolyl.It is to be understood that if a carbocyclic or heterocyclic moiety may be bonded or otherwise attached to a designated group through differing ring atoms without denoting a specific point of attachment, then all possible points are intended, whether through a carbon atom or, for example, atrivalent nitrogen atom. For example, the term “pyridyl” means 2-, 3-or 4-pvridyl, the term “thienyl” means 2-or 3-thienyl, and so forth.The term “heteroarylene” as used herein refers to a divalent heteroaryl group, as defined herein.The term “amino protecting group” refers to a group which prevents an amino group from reaction when other parts of the molecular are subject to a reaction and can be easily removed. Non-limiting examples include 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, acetyl, benzyl, allyl, p-methoxybenzyl and the like. These groups can be optionally substituted by one to three substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy and nitro. The amino protecting group is preferably 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl.The term “deuterated alkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more deuterium atom (s) , wherein the alkyl is as defined above.The term “unsaturated” in the context of the term cycloalkyl, cycloalkylene, and heterocycle refers to a partially unsaturated, but not aromatic ring.The term “fused” means bicyclic, tricyclic, or polycyclic structures comprised of at least two carbocyclic or heterocyclic structures sharing at least one chemical bond.If substituents are described as “independently” having more than one variable, each instance of a substituent is selected independent of the other (s) from the list of variables available. Each substituent therefore may be identical to or different from the other substituent (s) .If substituents are described as being “independently selected” from a group, each instance of a substituent is selected independent of the other (s) . Each substituent therefore may be identical to or different from the other substituent (s) .“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may, but need not, occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “aryl group optionally mono-or di-substituted with an alkyl group” means that the alkyl may but need not be present, and the description includes situations where the aryl group is mono-or di-substituted with an alkyl group and situations where the aryl group is not substituted with the alkyl group.“Substituted” refers to one or more hydrogen atoms in a group, preferably up to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3 hydrogen atoms, independently substituted by a corresponding number of substituents. It goes without saying that the substituents only exist in their possible chemical position. The person skilled in the art can determine whether the substitution is possible or impossible by experiments or theory without excessive effort. For example, the combination of amino or hydroxy having free hydrogen and carbon atoms having unsaturated bonds (such as olefinic) may be unstable.As used herein, the term “a compound of Formula (I) ” (or other formula number) is defined to include all forms of the compound of Formula (I) , including hydrates, solvates, isomers, crystalline and non-crystalline forms, isomorphs, polymorphs, and metabolites thereof. For example, the compounds disclosed herein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, may exist in unsolvated and solvated forms. When the solvent or water is tightly bound, the complex will have a well-defined stoichiometry independent of humidity. When, however, the solvent or water is weakly bound, as in channel solvates and hygroscopic compounds, the water / solvent content will be dependent on humidity and drying conditions. In such cases, non-stoichiometry will be the norm. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers” . Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers” .Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers” . When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R-and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (-) -isomers respectively) . A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture” .The compounds provided herein may possess one or more asymmetric centers; such compounds can therefore be produced as individual (R) -or (S) -stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, the description or naming of a particular compound in the specification and Claims is intended to include both individual enantiomers and mixtures, racemic or otherwise, thereof. The methods for the determination of stereochemistry and the separation of stereoisomers are well-known in the art (see discussion in Chapter 4 of “Advanced Organic Chemistry” , 4th edition J. March, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1992) .A hydrogen (H) or carbon (C) substitution for compounds of the formula I include a substitution with any isotope of the respective atom. Thus, a hydrogen (H) substitution includes a 1H, 2H (deuterium) , or 3H (tritium) isotope substitution, as may be desired, for example, for a specific therapeutic or diagnostic therapy, or metabolic study application, or metabolic or chemical stability enhancement. Optionally, a compound of this disclosure may incorporate a known in the art radioactive isotope or radioisotope, such as 3H, 15O, 12C, or 13N isotope, to afford a respective radiolabeled compound of formula I.A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a carrier that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes a carrier that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. “A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” as used in the specification and Claims includes both one and more than one such carrier.A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of a compound means a salt that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound. Such salts include:(1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and the like; or(2) salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N-methylglucamine, and the like.“Treating” , “treatment” , or “therapy” of a disease includes:(1) preventing the disease, i.e., causing the clinical symptoms of the disease not to develop in a mammal that may be exposed to or predisposed to the disease but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease,(2) inhibiting the disease, i.e., arresting or reducing the development of the disease or its clinical symptoms, or(3) relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the disease or its clinical symptoms.The term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the compounds described herein or physiologically / pharmaceutically acceptable salts or pro drugs thereof with other chemical components, and other components such as physiologically / pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients. The purpose of the pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate administration of a compound to an organism, which is conducive to the absorption of the active ingredient so as to show biological activity.The term “solvate” refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate formed by a ligand-drug conjugate of the present disclosure with one or more solvent molecule (s) . Non-limiting examples of solvent molecules include water, ethanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol, DMSO, and ethyl acetate.The term “carrier” used in the composition of the present disclosure refers to a system that can change the way a drug enters the human body and distribution, control the drug release rate, and deliver the drug to the targeted organ. Drug carrier release and targeting systems can reduce drug degradation and loss, reduce side effects and improve bioavailability.The term “excipient” is an adjunct in a pharmaceutical formulation other than a main drug, which can also be referred to as an adjuvant, such as adhesives, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants in tablets; matrix parts in the semisolid preparations ointment and cream; preservatives, antioxidants, flavoring agents, fragrances, co-solvents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, osmotic pressure regulators, colorants in liquid preparations and the like.The term “diluent” , also known as filler, is primarily intended to increase the weight and volume of the tablet. The addition of diluent ensures a certain volume, reduces the dose deviation of the main components, and improves the compression profile of the drug. When the tablet contains an oily component, an absorbent is added to absorb the oily substance, thereby keeping the “dry” state to facilitate tablet formation. For example, diluent includes starch, lactose, inorganic salts of calcium, microcrystalline cellulose and the like.The pharmaceutical composition can be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous solution. Acceptable vehicles or solvents that can be used are water, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution. The sterile injectable formulation can be a sterile injectable oil-in-water micro-emulsion in which the active ingredient is dissolved in the oil phase. For example, the active ingredient is dissolved in a mixture of soybean oil and lecithin. The oil solution is then added to a mixture of water and glycerin and processed to form a micro-emulsion. The injectable solution or micro-emulsion can be introduced into a patient's bloodstream by local bolus injection. Alternatively, the solution and micro-emulsion are preferably administrated in a manner that maintains a constant circulating concentration of the compound of the present disclosure. In order to maintain this constant concentration, a continuous intravenous delivery device can be used. An example of such a device is Deltec CADD-PLUSTM 5400 intravenous injection pump.The pharmaceutical composition can be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspension for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Such a suspension can be formulated with suitable dispersants or wetting agents and suspending agents as described above according to known techniques. The sterile injectable formulation can also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension prepared in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, a solution prepared in 1, 3-butanediol. Moreover, sterile fixed oils can easily be used as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any blending fixed oils including synthetic mono-or di-glyceride can be employed. Moreover, fatty acids, such as oleic acid, can. also be employed in the preparation of an injection.The term “drug loading” , refers to the average number of cytotoxic drugs loaded on each ligand in the compound of formula (I) , and can also be expressed as the ratio of the number of drug to the number of antibody. The drug loading can range from 0 to 12, preferably from 1 to 10 cytotoxic drugs per ligand. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the drug loading is expressed as n, and exemplary values can be an average of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The average number of drugs per ADC molecule after coupling reaction can be determined by conventional methods such as UV / visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ELISA test and HPLC characterization.The term “tumor” refers to all neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, whether malignant or benign, and all pre-cancerous and cancerous cells and tissues.The term “cancer” refers to a disease characterized by the uncontrolled (and often rapid) growth of aberrant cells. Cancer cells can spread locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body. Examples of various cancers are described herein and include but are not limited to, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, urethral cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, endometrial cancer, salivary gland cancer, esophageal cancer, melanoma, glioma, neuroblasfoma, sarcoma, lung cancer (for example, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer) , colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia (for exanple, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic lenkemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukenia) , bone cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lynphoma (for example, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or recurrent anaplastic large cell lymphoma) , including metastatic forms of such cancers.A “therapeutically effective amount” means the amount of a compound that, when administered to a mammal for treating a disease, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease. The “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the disease and its severity and the age, weight, etc., of the mammal to be treated.The term “mammal” refers to all mammals including humans, livestock, and companion animals.The compounds described herein are generally named according to the IUPAC or CAS nomenclature system. Abbreviations which are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art may be used (e.g. “Ph” for phenyl, “Me” for methyl, “Et” for ethyl, “h” for hour or hours, and “r.t. ” or “RT” for room temperature) .Synthesis Method of the Present DisclosureScheme I:A method for preparing the compound of formula (D1) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof of the present disclosure, comprises the following step of:reacting the compound of formula (B1) and compound of formula (B2) optionally under an alkaline condition to obtain the compound of formula (D1) ;wherein: X, R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, R2a, R2b, R3b, R3f, R4, R5a, R6, R7, R8, n1, and n2 are as defined in formula (D1) and any embodiments thereof.The reagent that provides an alkaline condition includes organic bases and inorganic bases. The organic bases include, but are not limited to, triethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, hexahydropyridine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, n-butyl lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium acetate, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide. The inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, sodium hydride, potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide.Scheme II:A method for preparing the compound of formula (B7) according to formula: L-D, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof of the present disclosure, comprises the following steps of:Step 1: reacting the compound of formula (B1) and compound of formula (B3) optionally under an alkaline condition to obtain the compound of formula (B4) ;Step 2: the compound of formula (B4) is deprotected to obtain the compound of formula (B5) ;Step 3: the compound of formula (B5) and the compound of formula (B6) are reacted in the presence of a condensing agent or under a basic condition and optionally under an alkaline condition to obtain the compound of formula (B7) ,Wherein:Pg is an amino protecting group, and preferably benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) ;R3b’ is-O-, -S-, and -N (R3c) -;n is integer 1;X, R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, R2a, R2b, R3c, R3f, R4, R5a, R6, R7, R8, R11, R14, R15, q1, q2, p2, p3, L3, n1, and n2 are as defined in formula: L-D, and any embodiments thereof.The reagent that provides an alkaline condition includes organic bases and inorganic bases. The organic bases include, but are not limited to, triethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, hexahydropyridine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, n-butyl lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium acetate, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide. The inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, sodium hydride, potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide.The condensing agent is selected from the group consisting of 4- (4.6-dimethoxy-1.3.5-triazin-2-yl) -4-meth-ylmorpholinium chloride, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1- (3-di-methylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodimide hydrochloride, N, N’-dicyclohexylcarbodimide, N, N'-disopropylcarbodimide, O-benzotriazole-N, N, N', N'-tetramethylurea tetraffuoroborate, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-7-azobenzotriazole, O-benzotriazole-N, N, N', N'-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate, 2- (7-azobenzotriazole) -N, N, N', N'-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate, benzotriazol-1-yloxytris (dimethyl-amino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate and benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinyl phosphorus hexafluorophosphate, and preferably 4- (4.6-dimethoxy-1.3.5-triazin-2-y) -4-meth-ylmorpholinium chloride, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodimide hydrochloride.Scheme III:A method for preparing the ligand-drug conjugate according to formula: T- (L-D) m, and any embodiments thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, of the present disclosure, comprises the following step of:After reduction, T is coupled with the compound of formula B7 to give the ligand drug conjugates of formula (B8) ; the reducing agent is preferably TCEP;wherein:T is a ligand;n is integer 1;X, R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, R2a, R2b, R3c, R3f, R4, R5a, R6, R7, R8, R11, R14, R15, q1, q2, p2, p3, L3, n1, n2, and m are as defined in formula: T- (L-D) m, or any embodiments thereof.The present disclosure will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the examples should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.The experimental methods in the examples of the present disclosure for which the specific conditions are not indicated were carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the material or product manufacturers. The reagents for which the specific sources are not indicated are conventional reagents purchased from the market.EXAMPLESExample 1To a solution of benzothiophen-5-amine (1-1, 10.0 g, 67.0 mmol) in AcOH (200 mL) was added Br2 (9.64 g, 60.3 mmol) drop-wised at 25 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. LCMS showed the SM (Starting Material) was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. TLC (PE / EA=5 / 1) showed one main spot was detected. The reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (100 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (PE / EA=50 / 1 to 5 / 1) to obtain 1-2 (8.50 g, 37.3 mmol, 55.6%) as a brown solid.To a solution of Trichloroborane (17.5 mL) in DCE (50.0 mL) was added 1-2 (5.00 g, 21.9 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred for 10 mins. After chloroacetonitrile (1.66 mL, 26.3 mmol) and AlCl3 (3.80 g, 28.495 mmol) were added at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred for another 20 mins. The mixture was excluded and recharged with N2 for 3 times before being stirred at 80 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, quenched with ice water (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL*3) . The combined organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Welch Xtimate C18 180*70 mm#10 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (1M NH4HCO3) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 45.00%-85.00%, 20.00 min) to obtain 1-3 (1.50 g, 4.93 mmol, 22.5%) as a white solid.LC-MS: 303.8, 305.8 [M+H] +.To a mixture of 1-3 (500 mg, 1.64 mmol) and MRB-WX-014 (432 mg, 1.64 mmol) in toluene (10.0 mL) was added TosOH (565 mg, 3.28 mmol) at 25 ℃ under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with EtOAc (20 mL) to obtain 1-4 (1.00 g, 1.88 mmol, crude) as brown solid.LC-MS: 452.1 [M+H] +.To a mixture of 1-4 (1.00 g, 1.88 mmol) and (3S) -hexahydropyridin-3-ol (0.230 g, 2.26 mmol) in DMF (6.00 mL) was added DIEA (1.0 mL, 0.730 g, 5.64 mmol) at 25 ℃ and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 10 mins. LCMS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 (250*70 mm, 15 um) ; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 15.00%-45.00%, 22.00 min) to obtain 1-5 (35.0 mg, 0.059 mmol, 3.12%) as yellow solid.LC-MS: 596.2, 598.2 [M+H] +.To a solution of 1-5 (25.0 mg, 0.042 mmol) in DMF (1.00 mL) was added Pd / C (10%, 0.890 mg, 0.001 mmol) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 for several times before being stirred under H2 (15 psi) at 25 ℃ for 5 mins. LCMS showed half of SM remained and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 80*30 mm*3 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.1%TFA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 5.00%-35.00%, 8.00 min) to obtain 1 (4.81 mg, 0.009 mmol, 22.1%) as a yellow solid.LC-MS: 518.3 [M+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.29-9.11 (m, 1H) , 8.82 (br s, 1H) , 8.21-8.02 (m, 1H) , 7.84-7.66 (m, 1H) , 7.48-7.35 (m, 1H) , 6.69-6.49 (m, 1H) , 5.58-5.33 (m, 4H) , 5.22-4.99 (m, 1H) , 4.25-3.59 (m, 1H) , 3.57-3.42 (m, 2H) , 3.26-2.83 (m, 3H) , 2.02-1.75 (m, 4H) , 1.73-1.49 (m, 2H) , 0.93-0.87 (m, 3H) .Example 2To a solution of Trichloroborane (53.6 mL) in DCE (100 mL) was added 1-1 (10.0 g, 67.0 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred for 10 mins. After chloroacetonitrile (5.090 mL, 80.424 mmol) and AlCl3 (11.6 g, 87.1 mmol) were added, the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 20 mins. The reaction mixture was excluded and recharged with N2 for 3 times before being stirred for 12 h at 80 ℃. TLC (PE / EA=3 / 1) and LCMS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, quenched by ice water (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL*3) . The combined organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (PE / EA=100 / 1 to 10 / 1) to obtain 2-1 (3.00 g, 26.6 mmol, 9.92%) as a brown solid with 2 batches.LC-MS: 226.0 [M+H] +.To a solution of 2-1 (1.50 g, 6.65 mmol) in toluene (20.0 mL) was added MRB-WX-014 (1.75 g, 6.65 mmol) and TosOH (0.060 g, 0.332 mmol) at 25 ℃. The mixture was excluded and recharged with N2 for 3 times before being stirred for 12 h at 110 ℃. LCMS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with EtOAc (20 mL) at 25 ℃ for 0.5 h to obtain 2-2 (2.50 g, 5.52 mmol, 83.1%) a brown solid.LC-MS: 453.1 [M+H] +.To a solution of 2-2 (80.0 mg, 0.177 mmol) and (3S) -hexahydropyridin-3-ol (21.4 mg, 0.212 mmol) in DMF (3.00 mL) was added DIEA (62μL, 45.7 mg, 0.353 mmol) at 25 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at RT for 15 mins. LCMS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The reaction mxiture was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX 150*30 mm*5 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.1%TFA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 10.00%-40.00%, 20.00 min) to obtain 2 (6.85 mg, 0.013 mmol, 7.49%) as yellow solid.LC-MS: 518.1 [M+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.25 (br d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) , 8.13 (br d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.00 (br d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.93 (br d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 (s, 1H) , 5.54-5.46 (m, 1H) , 5.37 (s, 2H) , 5.29 (d, J=16.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.65 (br s, 2H) , 3.96-3.73 (m, 1H) , 3.28 (br dd, J=1.9, 6.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.16-3.07 (m, 1H) , 1.96-1.71 (m, 3H) , 1.69-1.42 (m, 2H) , 0.92 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) .The compounds below were synthesized following procedures described for Example 1.The compounds below were synthesized following procedures described for Example 2.Example A1A solution of A1-1 (0.50 g, 0.92 mmol) in diethylamine (5.00 mL) and DCM (10.00 mL) was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: WePure Biotech XP tC18 250*70*10um; mobile phase: [H2O (10mm NH4HCO3) -ACN] ; B%: 10%-40%, 20 min) to obtain A1-2 (0.24 g, 0.75 mmol, 81.19%yield) as colorless oilLC-MS: 322.0 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A1-2 (0.25 g, 0.78 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TEA (0.22 mL, 1.56 mmol) at 20℃. A solution of 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethyl [ (2, 5-dioxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) oxy] methanoate (242.08 mg, 0.93 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added into the mixture at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (30 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 1 / 1) to obtain A1-3 (0.20 g, 0.43 mmol, 55.22%yield) as yellow oil.LC-MS: 488.2 [M+Na] +.To a mixture of A1-3 (0.20 g, 0.43 mmol) in TFE (10.00 mL) was added Pd / C (10%, 45.71 mg, 0.04 mmol) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 for several times before being stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h under H2 (15Psi) . LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain A1-4 (0.14 g, crude) as yellow oil.LC-MS: 332.1 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A1-4 (0.14 g, 0.36 mmol) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added 2-2 (162.59 mg, 0.36 mmol) and DIEA (125μL, 92.80 mg, 0.72 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 10 mins. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 100*40mm*5 um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 40%-85%, 8min) to obtain A1-5 (37.00 mg, 0.05 mmol, 13.78%yield) as yellow soild.LC-MS: 770.4 [M+Na] +.A mixture of A1-5 (17.00 mg, 0.023 mmol) in DCM (1.00 mL) and TFA (0.20 mL) was stirred at 0-10℃ for 0.5 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 100*40mm*5 um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 10%-40%, 8min) to obtain A1-6 (6.00 mg, 0.01 mmol, 43.73%yield) was obtained as yellow soild.LC-MS: 604.2 [M+H] +.To a solution of A1-7 (0.14 mg, 0.46 mmol) in t-BuOH (4.00 mL) and H2O (4.00 mL) was added A1-8 (253.84 mg, 0.46 mmol) , CuSO4.5H2O (22.90 mg, 0.09 mmol) and sodium L-ascorbate (36.33 mg, 0.18 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 75*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 25%-55%, 8 min) . A1-9 (0.20 g, 0.23 mmol, 50.78%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 859.4 [M+H] +.A solution of A1-9 (0.20 g, 0.23 mmol) in DCM (5.00 mL) and TFA (1.00 mL) was stirred at 25℃ for 2 h. TLC (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=1: 1) showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A1-10 (0.18 mg, 0.22 mmol, 96.29%yield) was obtained as yellow oil.To a solution of A1-10 (0.20 g, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added A1-11 (83.55 mg, 0.25 mmol) , NMM (0.11 mL, 0.99 mmol) and DMTMMT (78.23 mg, 0.25 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Phenomenex luna C18 100*40mm*5 um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 30%-60%, 8 min) . A1-12A (0.20 g, 0.18 mmol, 71.67%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: 1120.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of A1-12A (50.00 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added TFA (1.00 mL, 13.06 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 h. TLC (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=1: 1) showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A1-12 (45.00 mg, 0.04 mmol, crude) was obtained as yellow oil.To a solution of A1-12 (10.00 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DMF (2.00 mL) was added A1-6 (5.67 mg, 0.01 mmol) , NMM (0.004 mL, 0.04 mmol) and DMTMMT (2.95 mg, 0.01 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 3_Phenomenex Luna C18 75*30mm*3um: [water (0.2%FA) -ACN] ; B%: 5%-35%, 8 min) to obtain A1 (5.02 mg, 0.003 mmol, 32.38%yield) as yellow solid.LC-MS: 825.9 [1 / 2M+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.11 (s, 2H) , 8.45 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H) , 8.39-8.32 (m, 2H) , 8.29 (br t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.17-8.03 (m, 4H) , 7.93-7.86 (m, 2H) , 7.35 (s, 1H) , 7.27-7.12 (m, 5H) , 6.55 (s, 1H) , 5.43 (br d, J=14.3 Hz, 4H) , 4.58 (br t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H) , 4.49 (br t, J=5.2 Hz, 3H) , 4.30 (d, J =5.6 Hz, 2H) , 4.24 (br d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.12 (br d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.92 (s, 2H) , 3.79 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.75 (br d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.71-3.67 (m, 2H) , 3.61-3.58 (m, 2H) , 3.57-3.55 (m, 2H) , 3.54-3.44 (m, 32H) , 3.41 (s, 3H) , 3.15-3.07 (m, 1H) , 3.03 (br dd, J=4.4, 13.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.77 (br dd, J=13.6, 9.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.68 (br dd, J=3.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.58-2.54 (m, 2H) , 2.32-2.28 (m, 2H) , 2.23 (br s, 1H) , 1.93-1.79 (m, 5H) , 1.64-1.57 (m, 1H) , 1.32-1.18 (m, 2H) , 0.90 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) .Example A2A1-6 was prepared by the same method as in Example A1.To a solution of A2-1 (5.00 g, 24.38 mmol) in DMF (50.00 mL) was added 22139-3 (3.12 g, 24.38 mmol) , TEA (6.78 mL, 48.76 mmol) , CuI (0.46 g, 2.44 mmol) and Pd (PPh3) 4 (1.4 g, 1.22 mmol) under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 12 h. TLC (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=1: 1) showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 1 / 1) . A2-2 (4.00 g, 15.86 mmol, 65.03%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.To a solution of A2-2 (3.00 g, 11.89 mmol) in H2O (10.00 mL) and THF (30.00 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (1.50 g, 35.67 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 3 h. TLC (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=1: 1) showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL) . The combined aqueous layer was obtained. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH=2-3 with 2 N HCl and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. A2-3 (2.10 g, 8.81 mmol, crude) was obtained as a yellow solid.To a solution of A2-3 (1.50 g, 6.29 mmol) and prop-2-yn-1-amine (0.35 g, 6.29 mmol) in DCM (20.00 mL) was added DIEA (3.1 mL, 2.44 g, 18.89 mmol) and HATU (3.59 g, 9.44 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. TLC (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=2: 1) showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (40 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 2 / 1) . A2-4 (1.20 g, 4.6 mmol, 69.23%yield) was obtained as a white solid.To a solution of A2-4 (1.20 g, 4.36 mmol) in DCM (15.00 mL) was added m-CPBA (1.65 g, 9.59 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. TLC (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=3: 1) showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was quenched with 20 mL of aqueous Na2SO3 and extracted with DCM (40 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with 100 mL of aqueous NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 3 / 1) . A2-5 (0.90 g, 2.93 mmol, 67.19%yield) was obtained as a white solid.To a solution of A2-5 (0.10 g, 0.33 mmol) in t-BuOH (2.00 mL) and H2O (2.00 mL) was added A1-8 (0.18 g, 0.33 mmol) , CuSO4.5H2O (16.25 mg, 0.07 mmol) and sodium L-ascorbate (25.79 mg, 0.13 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 75*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 25%-55%, 8 min) . A2-6 (0.14 g, 0.16 mmol, 49.97%yield) was obtained as colorless oil. LC-MS: 861.3 [M+H] +.A solution of A2-6 (0.14 g, 0.16 mmol) in DCM (6.00 mL) and TFA (2.00 mL) was stirred at 25℃ for 0.5 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A2-7 (0.13 g, 0.16 mmol, crude) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 805.3 [M+H] +.To a solution of A2-7 (0.13 g, 0.16 mmol) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added A1-11 (54.17 mg, 0.16 mmol) , NMM (0.07 mL, 0.65 mmol) and DMTMMT (50.72 mg, 0.16 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (Phenomenex luna C18 100*40mm*5 um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 20%-55%, 8 min) . A2-8 (0.13 mg, 0.12 mmol, 71.72%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 1122.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of A2-8 (50.00 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added TFA (0.40 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A2-9 (47.00 mg, 0.04 mmol, 98.95%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 1066.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of A2-9 (25.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DMF (2.00 mL) was added A1-6 (13.59 mg, 0.02 mmol) , NMM (0.01 mL, 0.09 mmol) and DMTMMT (7.36 mg, 0.02 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna 3_Phenomenex Luna Phenomenex Luna C18 75*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 15%-45%, 8 min) . A2 (16.19 mg, 0.01 mmol, 42.42%yield) was obtained.Example A21To a solution of compound 22-1 (149 mg, 0.400 mmol) in DCE (10.0 mL) was added 22 (100 mg, 0.200 mmol) and PPTS (10.2 mg, 0.04 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was heated to 70℃and stirred for 12 h. LC-MS showed most of 22 and compound 22-1 was consumed and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 1) . A21-1 (100 mg, 0.120 mmol, 61.6%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: 803.4 [M+H] +.A solution of A21-1 (100 mg, 0.120 mmol) in DCM (2.00 mL) and diethylamine (1.00 mL) was stirred at 25℃for 1 h. LC-MS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters xbridge 150*25 mm 10um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (10mM NH4HCO3) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 23.00%-45.00%, 8.00 min) . A21-2 (15.0 mg, 0.03 mmol, 20.7%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: 581.1 [M+H] +.To a solution of A21-2 (14.0 mg, 0.020 mmol) in DMF (3.00 mL) was added A1-12 (42.8 mg, 0.02 mmol) , NMM (0.01 mL, 0.09 mmol) and DMTMMT (7.95 mg, 0.03 mmol) at 25℃. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h under N2. LCMS showed the SM was consumed completely and desired MS was detected. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX 80*40 mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 25.00%-55.00%, 20.00 min) . A21 (3.02 mg, 0.002 mmol, 7.65%yield) was obtained as a white solid.LC-MS: 814.5 [M / 2+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.11 (s, 2H) , 8.65 (br t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H) , 8.51-8.42 (m, 2H) , 8.40-8.32 (m, 2H) , 8.18-8.02 (m, 4H) , 7.95-7.85 (m, 2H) , 7.36 (s, 1H) , 7.26-7.18 (m, 4H) , 7.18-7.12 (m, 1H) , 6.55 (s, 1H) , 5.47 (br s, 4H) , 4.73-4.64 (m, 4H) , 4.53-4.46 (m, 3H) , 4.30 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 2H) , 3.92 (s, 2H) , 3.80-3.73 (m, 8H) , 3.62-3.58 (m, 3H) , 3.56-3.54 (m, 2H) , 3.52-3.46 (m, 28H) , 3.41 (s, 3H) , 3.04 (br dd, J=13.7, 4.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.97 (br t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.84-2.72 (m, 2H) , 2.58-2.56 (m, 2H) , 2.30 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.93-1.78 (m, 4H) , 0.93-0.87 (m, 3H) .Example A34To a solution of A34-1 (0.40 g, 0.83 mmol) in DCM (10.00 mL) was added (Boc) 2O (189.95 mg, 0.87 mmol) and TEA (0.03 mL, 0.21 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃for 2 h. TLC (DCM: MeOH=15: 1) showed reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 0 / 1) . A34-2 (0.45 g, 0.77 mmol, 93.17%yield) was obtained as yellow oil.To a solution of A34-2 (0.44 g, 0.76 mmol) in THF (10.00 mL) was added Pd / C (10%, 80.36 mg, 0.08 mmol) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 for several times. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h under H2 (15 psi) . LCMS showed reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give A34-3 (0.40 g, crude) as yellow oil. LC-MS: 557.4 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A34-3 (0.10 g, 0.18 mmol) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added 6- [2- (methyldioxo-λ6-sulfanyl) pyrimidin-5-yl] hex-5-ynoic acid (48.19 mg, 0.180 mmol) , NMM (0.06 mL, 0.53 mmol) and DMTMMT (56.41 mg, 0.18 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 100*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-50.00%, 8.00min) . A34-4 (45.00 mg, 0.06 mmol, 31.04%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 829.6 [M+Na] +.To a mixture of A34-4 (45.00 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added TFA (0.40 mL, 5.22 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give A34-5 (39.00 mg, crude) as yellow oil. LC-MS: 707.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of A1-11 (0.50 g, 1.49 mmol) in DCM (3.00 mL) was added DIEA (0.52 mL, 385.00 mg, 2.98 mmol) . After ethyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate (223.00 mg, 1.64 mmol) was added to the mixture at 0℃, the mixture was stirred at 25℃for 2 h. TLC (PE: EA=1: 1) and LCMS showed the starting material was consumed and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (5.00 mL) and extracted with DCM (5.00 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (PE: EA=100: 1-0: 1) . A34-6 (0.30 g, 0.62 mmol, 41.7%yield) was obtained as red oil. LC-MS: 458.1 [M++55] +.To a solution of A34-6 (0.35 g, 0.80 mmol) in MeOH (5.00 mL) was added LiOH·H2O (67.40 mg, 1.60 mmol) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0℃for 2 h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove MeOH. The aqueous phase was acidified to pH=6-7 with aqueous HCl (2N) and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 100*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 5.00%-45.00%, 8.00min) . A34-7 (70.0 mg, 0.12 mmol, 14.5%yield) was obtained as a white solid. LC-MS: 352.2 [M-55] +.To a solution of 214-1 (3 g, 9.792 mmol) and 214-2 (4.82 g, 19.584 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was added 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (0.08 g, 0.490 mmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 60℃for 12 h. LCMS showed 214-1 was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 0 / 1) . 214-3 (4 g, 5.684 mmol, 58.05%yield) was obtained as a white solid. LC-MS: 493.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of 214-3 (2 g, 4.060 mmol) in TFE (20 mL) was added Pd / C (10%, 0.2 g, 0.203 mmol) at 25℃. The suspension was excluded and recharged with H2 for 3 times before being stirred for 1 hr at 25℃under H2 atmosphere. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Without purification, 214-4 (1.4 g, 3.906 mmol, crude) was obtained as a white solid. LC-MS: 359.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of 2-2 (500 mg, 1.104 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added 214-4 (593.56 mg, 1.656 mmol) and DIEA (577μL, 428.07 mg, 3.312 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was stirred at 25℃for 0.5 h. LCMS showed 214-4 was consumed completely. Without work-up, the mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (FA condition) . A34-8 (70 mg, 0.090 mmol, 8.18%yield) was obtained as a brown solid. LC-MS: 775.5 [M+Na] +.To a solution of A34-8 (50 mg, 0.065 mmol) in DCM (2.5 mL) was added TFA (0.5 mL) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 0.5 h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at 0℃. Without purification, A34-9 (40 mg, 0.059 mmol, crude) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 675.4 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A34-5 (28.00 mg, 0.04 mmol) and A34-7 (16.14 mg, 0.04 mmol) in DMF (1.00 mL) was added NMM (0.01 mL, 0.12 mmol) and DMTMMT (12.44 mg, 0.04 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 75*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-50.00%, 8.00min) . A34-10 (25.00 mg, 0.02 mmol, 57.56%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: 1118.7 [M+Na] +.To a mixture of A34-10 (25.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DCM (1.00 mL) was added TFA (0.30 mL, 3.92 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A34-11 (23.00 mg, 0.02 mmol, 96.96%yield) was obtained as yellow oil.LC-MS: 1040.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of A34-11 (23.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) and A34-9 (14.92 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DMF (2.00 mL) was added NMM (0.01 mL, 0.09 mmol) and DMTMMT (6.94 mg, 0.02 mmol) . and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX 80*40mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-50.00%, 2.00 min) . A34 (4.37 mg, 0.003 mmol, 11.65%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.LC-MS: 1697.8 [M+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.11 (s, 2H) , 8.76 (s, 1H) , 8.62 (br t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H) , 8.59-8.51 (m, 1H) , 8.46 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H) , 8.32 (br d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H) , 8.17-8.05 (m, 4H) , 7.92 (br t, J= 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.35 (s, 1H) , 7.26-7.18 (m, 5H) , 7.16-7.11 (m, 1H) , 6.54 (s, 1H) , 5.49-5.39 (m, 4H) , 4.63-4.54 (m, 2H) , 4.53-4.45 (m, 1H) , 4.21-4.14 (m, 2H) , 4.07 (s, 1H) , 3.80-3.69 (m, 5H) , 3.49 (s, 32H) , 3.47 (br s, 2H) , 3.40 (s, 4H) , 3.20 (br d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.07-2.98 (m, 3H) , 2.82-2.73 (m, 1H) , 2.63 (br d, J=11.5 Hz, 4H) , 2.56 (br s, 2H) , 2.40-2.36 (m, 2H) , 2.26 (br t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) , 1.87 (br dd, J=15.5, 8.3 Hz, 3H) , 1.83-1.74 (m, 3H) , 1.66-1.53 (m, 3H) , 1.50-1.37 (m, 2H) , 0.89 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 3H) .Example A36To a solution of A36-1 (0.10 g, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added A1-11 (105.80 mg, 0.32 mmol) , NMM (0.05 mL, 0.42 mmol) and DMTMMT (33.02 mg, 0.11 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 100*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 40.00%-55.00%, 8.00min) . A36-2 (60.00 mg, 0.05 mmol, 44.99%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: 1268.8 [M+H] +.A mixture of A36-2 (60.00 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM (2.00 mL) and diethylamine (1.00 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC column: Waters Xbridge BEH C18 100*30mm*10um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (10mM NH4HCO3) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 10.00%-40.00%, 8.00min. A36-3 (35.00 mg, 0.03 mmol, 70.72%yield) was obtained as colorless oil. LC-MS: 1046.4 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A36-3 (35.00 mg, 0.03 mmol) and 6- [2- (methyldioxo-λ6-sulfanyl) pyrimidin-5-yl] hex-5-ynoic acid (13.46 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (3.00 mL) was added NMM(0.01 mL, 0.10 mmol) and DMTMMT (11.56 mg, 0.04 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC column: Phenomenex Luna C18 100*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 10.00%-50.00%, 8.00min. A36-4 (15.00 mg, 0.01 mmol, 34.59%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: 1318.8 [M+Na] +.A mixture of A36-4 (15.00 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DCM (1.00 mL) and TFA (0.20 mL) was stirred at 20 ℃ for 0.5 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain Crude A36-5 (14.00 mg) as yellow oil. LC-MS: 1262.7 [M+Na] +.To a solution of A34-9 (10.00 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DMF (2.00 mL) was added A36-5 (5.44 mg, 0.008 mmol) , NMM (0.004 mL, 0.04 mmol) and DMTMMT (2.53 mg, 0.01 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX 80*40mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-45.00%, 20.00 min) . A36 (2.06 mg, 0.001 mmol, 13.47%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.LC-MS: 1897.0 [M+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.11 (br d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H) , 8.63-8.51 (m, 1H) , 8.46 (br d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H) , 8.32 (br d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H) , 8.24-8.12 (m, 2H) , 8.11-7.99 (m, 3H) , 7.35 (s, 1H) , 7.22 (br s, 5H) , 6.54 (s, 1H) , 5.44 (br s, 4H) , 4.58 (br d, J=5.5 Hz, 2H) , 4.50 (dt, J=4.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.33 (br s, 5H) , 4.19 (br s, 6H) , 4.12-4.05 (m, 5H) , 4.03-3.98 (m, 3H) , 3.96-3.87 (m, 4H) , 3.82-3.67 (m, 6H) , 3.40 (br s, 3H) , 3.03-2.82 (m, 22H) , 2.80-2.70 (m, 13H) , 2.66-2.60 (m, 5H) , 1.94-1.75 (m, 5H) , 1.66-1.54 (m, 3H) , 1.51-1.39 (m, 2H) , 1.25 (br d, J=11.9 Hz, 3H) , 0.89 (br t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H) .Example A37To a solution of A1-8 (480 mg, 0.867 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added Pd / C (10%, 92.26 mg, 0.087 mmol) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 for several times. The mixture was stirred at 25℃for 2 h under H2 (15 psi) . LCMS showed A1-8 was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Crude A37-1A (450 mg, 0.853 mmol) was obtained as yellow oil, which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS: 528.5 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A37-1 (146.75 mg, 0.768 mmol) and A37-1A (450 mg, 0.853 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIEA (0.45 mL, 330.69 mg, 2.559 mmol) and HATU (421.57 mg, 1.109 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A37-1 was consumed completely. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA condition) . A37-2 (300 mg, 0.428 mmol, 50.19%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 701.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of A37-21 (Ethynylmagnesium chloride, 0.5N, 1.484 mL, 0.742 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added A37-22 (diethyl phosphorochloridite, 116.16 mg, 0.742 mmol) at-78℃. The mixture was stirred at-78℃for 0.5 hr before being warmed up to 25℃and stirred for another 1.5 h. After A37-2 (130 mg, 0.185 mmol) was added at 25℃, the mixture was stirred at 25℃for another 12 h. LCMS showed A37-2 was consumed completely. The mixture was adjusted to pH 5-6 with a solution of FA in MeCN. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA condition) . A37-3 (35 mg, 0.044 mmol, 23.86%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 735.5 [M-55] +.To a solution of A37-3 (35 mg, 0.044 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureto give crude A37-4 (32 mg, 0.044 mmol) as yellow oil. LC-MS: 735.4 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A37-4 (32 mg, 0.044 mmol) and A1-11 (16.07 mg, 0.048 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added NMM (0.019 mL, 0.174 mmol) and DMTMMT (27.35 mg, 0.087 mmol) . The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A37-4 was consumed completely. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA condition) . A37-5 (25 mg, 0.024 mmol, 54.56%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 1052.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of A37-5 (25 mg, 0.024 mmol) in DCM (2.5 mL) was added TFA (0.5 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureto give crude A37-6 (20 mg, 0.020 mmol) as yellow oil. LC-MS: 996.3 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A37-6 (20 mg, 0.020 mmol) and A34-9 (13.55 mg, 0.020 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added NMM (0.009 mL, 0.080 mmol) and DMTMMT (12.61 mg, 0.040 mmol) . The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 25℃. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA condition) . A37 (5.02 mg, 0.003 mmol, 14.76%yield, 97.6%purity) was obtained as a yellow solid.LC-MS: 1653.0 [M+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.93 (br t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.67 (br d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.89 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.73 (br d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.61-7.51 (m, 1H) , 7.42 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H) , 7.33 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H) , 7.20 (br s, 1H) , 5.95-5.85 (m, 1H) , 5.32-5.21 (m, 1H) , 5.18-5.04 (m, 3H) , 4.45 (br d, J =5.1 Hz, 2H) , 4.34-4.14 (m, 3H) , 4.11-3.90 (m, 2H) , 3.82 (br s, 1H) , 3.56 (s, 1H) , 3.21-3.12 (m, 2H) , 3.06-2.89 (m, 2H) , 2.69 (s, 3H) , 1.98 (s, 2H) , 1.91 (s, 2H) , 1.64-1.36 (m, 4H) , 1.17 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H)Example A38To a solution of A38-1 (30.00 mg, 0.07 mmol) in i-PrOH (2.00 mL) was added 2-methylpropan-2-yl prop-2-enoate (17.94 mg, 0.14 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 60℃ for 12 h. LCMS showed reaction was completed and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A38-2 (38.00 mg, crude) was obtained as yellow oil, which was used directly for the next step without purification. LC-MS: 556.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of A38-2 (30.00 mg, 0.05 mmol) and 6- [2- (methyldioxo-λ6-sulfanyl) pyrimidin-5-yl] hex-5-ynoic acid (21.73 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMF (2.00 mL) was added NMM (0.006 mL, 0.054 mmol) and DMTMMT (16.95 mg, 0.05 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃for 12 h. LCMS showed reaction was completed and desired MS was detected. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 100*30mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-50.00%, 8.00 min) . A38-3 (18.00 mg, 0.02 mmol, 41.37%yield) was obtained as colorless oil. LC-MS: 806.5 [M+H] +.A mixture of A38-3 (18.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DCM (1.00 mL) and TFA (0.20 mL, 1.44 mmol) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A38-4 (17.00 mg, crude) was obtained as yellow oil, which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS: 750.5 [M+H] +.To a mixture of A38-4 (17.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) and 2-methylpropan-2-yl N- {2- [ (2-aminoacetyl) amino] acetyl} -L-phenylalaninate (11.41 mg, 0.03 mmol) in DMF (1.00 mL) was added NMM (0.01 mL, 0.09 mmol) and DMTMMT (7.12 mg, 0.023 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 100*40mm*5 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-50.00%, 8.00min) . A38-5 (16.00 mg, 0.02 mmol, 66.13%yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LC-MS: 1067.7 [M+H] +.To a solution of A38-5 (17.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DCM (1.00 mL) was added TFA (0.08 mL, 0.02 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25℃for 2 h. TLC (Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate=1: 1) showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. A38-6 (16.00 mg, crude) was obtained as yellow oil.To a solution of A38-6 (16.00 mg, 0.02 mmol) and A34-9 (10.68 mg, 0.02 mmol) in DMF (2.00 mL) was added NMM (0.007 mL, 0.06 mmol) and DMTMMT (4.97 mg, 0.02 mmol) . and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX 80*40mm*3um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-45.00%, 20.00min) . A38 (6.47 mg, 0.004 mmol, 24.51%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.LC-MS: 1689.8 [M+Na] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ9.11 (s, 2H) , 8.63-8.51 (m, 1H) , 8.47 (br d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.32 (br d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H) , 8.26-8.18 (m, 1H) , 8.12-8.06 (m, 2H) , 7.36 (br s, 1H) , 7.22 (br d, J=2.1 Hz, 5H) , 7.09 (s, 1H) , 6.96 (s, 1H) , 6.56 (br s, 1H) , 5.46 (br s, 4H) , 4.65-4.56 (m, 2H) , 4.54-4.45 (m, 1H) , 4.36-4.26 (m, 1H) , 4.23-4.11 (m, 2H) , 4.08 (s, 1H) , 3.82-3.64 (m, 8H) , 3.61-3.54 (m, 4H) , 3.52-3.47 (m, 32H) , 3.40 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 8H) , 3.10-2.98 (m, 3H) , 2.88-2.75 (m, 2H) , 2.69-2.60 (m, 5H) , 2.39-2.30 (m, 3H) , 1.94-1.86 (m, 2H) , 1.84-1.75 (m, 3H) , 1.72-1.54 (m, 3H) , 1.49-1.41 (m, 1H) , 0.90 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) .Example A40To a solution of A40-1 (1.00 g, 2.33 mmol) in DMF (10.0mL) was added A1-11 (1.23 g, 2.57 mmol) , DIEA (1.23 mL, 0.910 g, 7.00 mmol) and HATU (1.15 g, 3.03 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A40-1 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30.0 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with EtOAc (25.0 mL) at 25 ℃ for 0.5 hr before being filtered. The solid was purified by silica gel column (SiO2, DCM / MeOH=20 / 1 to 1 / 1) . A40-2 (1.17 g, 1.57 mmol, 67.2%yield) was obtained as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: 690.4 [M-55] +.A solution of A40-2 (0.95 g, 1.27 mmol) in DCM (10.0 mL) and diethylamine (5.00 mL) was stirred for 3 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A40-2 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at 25℃before being diluted with DMF (1 mL) and purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge BEH C18 250*50 mm*10 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (10mM NH4HCO3) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 30.00%-70.00%, 10.00 min) . A40-3 (440 mg, 0.840 mmol, 66.0%yield) was obtained as a paleyellow solid. LC-MS: 524.3 [M+H] +.To a solution of A40-3 (440 mg, 0.840 mmol) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added NMM (0.462 mL, 4.20 mmol) , A40-10 (372 mg, 0.840 mmol) and DMTMMT (264 mg, 0.840 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A40-3 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The mixture was poured into H2O (8.00 mL) and extracted with DCM (5.00 mL*5) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the fitrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give Crude A40-4 (950 mg, 1.002 mmol) as yellow oil, which was used directly for the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 948.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of A37-21 (2.32 mL, 1.16 mmol, 0.5M) in THF (2.00 mL) at-65℃was added A37-22 (165 mg, 1.06 mmol) at-65℃and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 hr at-65℃. The mixture was warmed up to 25℃and stirred for 1.5 h before a solution of A40-4 (200 mg, 0.211 mmol) in THF (1.00 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A40-4 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The mixture was adjusted to pH 5 with FA and then purified by prep-HPLC (column: 3_Phenomenex Luna C18 75*30 mm*3 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.1%TFA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 25.00%-45.00%, 8.00 min) . A40-5 (70.0 mg, 0.067 mmol, 32.0%yield) was obtained as brown oil. LC-MS: 519.9 [M / 2+H] +.A solution of A40-5 (60.0 mg, 0.058 mmol) in DCM (3.00 mL) and TFA (1.00 mL) was stirred for 1.5 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A40-5 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude A40-6 (57.0 mg, 0.058 mmol) as yellow oil, which was used directly for the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 982.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of A40-6 (18.0 mg, 0.018 mmol) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added NMM (0.010 mL, 0.092 mmol) , A34-9 (24.7 mg, 0.018 mmol) and DMTMMT (5.76 mg, 0.018 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A40-6 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with DMF (1 mL) and purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX 80*40 mm*3 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-60.00%, 20.00 min) . A40 (2.50 mg, 0.002 mmol, 8.32%yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.LC-MS: 820.2 [M / 2+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.62-8.43 (m, 2H) , 8.40-8.27 (m, 4H) , 8.21-7.99 (m, 4H) , 7.67-7.59 (m, 1H) , 7.38-7.30 (m, 1H) , 7.27-7.13 (m, 5H) , 7.10-7.01 (m, 2H) , 6.98-6.87 (m, 2H) , 6.55 (s, 1H) , 5.49-5.38 (m, 3H) , 4.72-4.46 (m, 4H) , 4.39-4.27 (m, 1H) , 4.25-4.14 (m, 2H) , 4.13-3.99 (m, 3H) , 3.89-3.62 (m, 9H) , 3.53-3.47 (m, 29H) , 3.24-3.23 (m, 3H) , 3.12-2.94 (m, 5H) , 2.86 -2.73 (m, 3H) , 2.64 (br d, J=11.4 Hz, 4H) , 2.38 (br dd, J=6.6, 4.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.96-1.82 (m, 2H) , 1.70 -1.52 (m, 3H) , 1.50-1.33 (m, 2H) , 1.31-1.23 (m, 4H) , 0.95-0.85 (m, 3H) .Example A41To a solution of 19 (60.00 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DCE (5.00 mL) was added 22-1 (75.33 mg, 0.16 mmol) and PPTS (8.19 mg, 0.03 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃for 16 h. LCMS showed desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL*3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. 19-1 (110.00 mg, 0.04 mmol, crude) was obtained as brown solid, which was used for the next step. LC-MS: 771.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of 19-1 (110.00 mg, 0.04 mmol, crude) in DMF (2.00 mL) was added diethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.47 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃for 12 h. LCMS showed desired mass was detected. Without any work-up, the mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge BEH C18 100*30mm*10um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (10mM NH4HCO3) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-50.00%, 8.00min) . 19-2 (12 mg, 0.02 mmol, 46.45%yield) was obtained as a white solid. LC-MS: 549.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of A40-4 (240 mg, 0.253 mmol) in TFE (2.00 mL) was added Pd / C (10%, 26.9 mg, 0.025 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was excluded and recharged with H2 for 3 times before being stirred for 2 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A40-4 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Crude A41-1 (230 mg, 0.249 mmol) was obtained as yellow oil, which was used directly for the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 922.4 [M+H] +.To a solution of A41-1 (100 mg, 0.108 mmol) in acetone (5.00 mL) was added furan-2, 5-dione (23.4 mg, 0.239 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was stirred for 15 mins at 60℃Before NaOAc (62.3 mg, 0.759 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.500 mL) was added at 60℃. The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h at 60℃. LCMS showed A41-1 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex luna C18 100*40 mm*5 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 25.00%-60.00%, 8.00 min) . A41-2 (38.0 mg, 0.038 mmol, 35.0%yield) was obtained as brown oil. LC-MS: 1002.4 [M+H] +.A solution of A41-2 (43.0 mg, 0.043 mmol) in DCM (0.300 mL) and TFA (0.100 mL) was stirred for 2 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A41-2 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Crude A41-3 (41.0 mg, 0.043 mmol) was obtained as yellow oil, which was used directly for the next step without further purification. LC-MS: 946.5 [M+H] +.To a solution of A41-3 (41.0 mg, 0.043 mmol) in DMF (1.00 mL) was added NMM (0.038 mL, 0.347 mmol) , 19-2 (23.8 mg, 0.043 mmol) and DMTMMT (13.6 mg, 0.043 mmol) at 25℃. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at 25℃. LCMS showed A41-3 was consumed, and desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with DMF (1 mL) and purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Gemini-NX 80*30 mm*3 um; mobile phase: [A: H2O (0.2%FA) ; B: ACN] ; B%: 20.00%-50.00%, 20.00 min) . A41 (6.55 mg, 0.004 mmol, 10.2%yield) was obtained as a white solid.LC-MS: 739.3 [M / 2+H] +.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.61 (br t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.49-8.33 (m, 4H) , 8.22-8.04 (m, 4H) , 7.76 (br d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.38-7.28 (m, 3H) , 7.28-7.12 (m, 8H) , 6.54 (s, 1H) , 5.44 (br d, J=11.4 Hz, 4H) , 4.73-4.63 (m, 3H) , 4.57-4.49 (m, 1H) , 3.82-3.73 (m, 7H) , 3.67 (br s, 2H) , 3.49 (br d, J=4.8 Hz, 34H) , 3.24-3.20 (m, 3H) , 3.18-3.02 (m, 3H) , 2.96-2.77 (m, 3H) , 2.02 (br s, 2H) , 1.95-1.80 (m, 2H) , 0.90 (br t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) .Example A43To a solution of A43-1 (2 g, 5.0 mmol) and benzyl glycolate (1.26 g, 7.6 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added Ag2CO3 (5.55 g, 20.1 mmol) by portions at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h. LCMS showed the desired MS was detected. The mixture was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate (20 ml) . The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column (PE: EA=1: 3) . A43-2 (0.84 g, 1.741 mmol, yield: 34.58%) was obtained as a white solid. LC-MS: m / z=505.32 [M+Na] +To a solution of A43-2 (760 mg, 1.575 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added Pd / C (10%, 84 mg, 0.788 mmol) at RT. The suspension was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times before being stirred for 1 hr at RT under H2 atmosphere. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. A43-3 (710 mg, crude) was obtained as a colorless solid, which was used directly for the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z=415.18 [M+Na] +To a solution of A43-4 (900 mg, 1.8 mmol) and allyl bromide (369 mg, 3.1 mmol) in DMF (9 mL) was added K2CO3 (496 mg, 3.6 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely and the desired MS was detected. The mixture was extracted with EA (10 mL*3) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. A43-5 (1.7 g, 1.726 mmol, yield: 96.20%) was obtained as a yellow oil, which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z=542.03 [M+H] +To a solution of A43-5 (1.4 g, 2.6 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DEA (0.5 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1h. LCMS showed most of the starting material was consumed and the desired MS was detected. The mixture was purified by flash chromatography (eluted with CH3CN in water (0.1%TFA) from 0%to 100%) . A43-6 (600 mg, 1.879 mmol, yield: 72.68%) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z=320.10 [M+H] +To a solution of A43-6 (250 mg, 0.78 mmol) , A43-3 (307 mg, 0.78 mmol) and HATU (447 mg, 1.17 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIEA (417μL, 304 mg, 2.348 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed and the desired MS was detected. The mixture was purified by flash chromatography (eluted with CH3CN in water (0.1%TFA) from 0%to 100%) . A43-7 (330 mg, 0.476 mmol, yield: 60.77%) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z=694.11 [M+H] +To a solution of A43-7 (50 mg, 0.072 mmol) and Pd (PPh3) 4 (17 mg, 0.014 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added a solution of phenylsilane (47 mg, 0.432 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1h. LCMS showed A43-7 was fully consumed, and the desired MS was detcted. The mixture was purified by flash chromatography (eluted with CH3CN in water (0.1%TFA) from 0%to 100%) . A43-8 (30 mg, 0.046 mmol, yield: 63.68%) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z=653.75 [M+H] +To a solution of A43-8 (20 mg, 0.031 mmol) , 19-2 (17 mg, 0.031 mmol) and HATU (18 mg, 0.046 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added DIEA (16μL, 12 mg, 0.092 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed and the desired MS was detected. H2O (10 mL) was added into the mixture, and the mixture was extracted with EA (5 mL*3) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. A43-9 (90 mg, crude) was obtained as a yellow oil, which was used directly for the next step without purification. LC-MS: m / z=1183.83 [M+H] +To a solution of A43-9 (80 mg, 0.068 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) was added LiOH (28 mg, 0.676 mmol) in H2O (0.5 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. LCMS showed A43-9 was consumed, and the desired MS was detected. The mixture was purified by flash chromatography (eluted with CH3CN in water (0.1%TFA) from 0%to 100%) . A43-10 (15 mg, 0.014 mmol, yield: 21.27%) was obtained as a yellow solid. LC-MS: m / z=1043.73 [M+H] +To a solution of A43-10 (10 mg, 0.01 mmol) , SM (1.7 mg, 0.01 mmol) and HATU (5.5 mg, 0.014 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added DIEA (5μL, 3.7 mg, 0.029 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1h. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed and the desired MS could be detected. The mixture was purified by flash chromatography (eluted with CH3CN in water (0.1%TFA) from 0%to 100%) . A43 (3.1 mg, 0.003 mmol, 78.46%purity, yield: 27.75%) was obtained as a yellow solid.LC-MS: m / z=1166.21 [M+H] +1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ8.41 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H) , 8.31 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.08 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.98 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (s, 1H) , 7.30–7.14 (m, 5H) , 6.75 (s, 2H) , 5.63 (d, J=16.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.48–5.34 (m, 4H) , 4.54 (dd, J=8.9, 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.42 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H) , 4.36 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.23 (d, J=15.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.05–3.91 (m, 4H) , 3.86 (d, J=16.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.79 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.75–3.71 (m, 2H) , 3.65–3.57 (m, 4H) , 3.50 (p, J=1.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.44–3.39 (m, 2H) , 3.15 (td, J=3.7, 2.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.99 (dd, J=13.9, 8.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.20 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.16-2.11 (m, 2H) , 2.08–1.93 (m, 3H) , 1.05 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H) , 0.94-0.91 (m, 1H) .The compounds below were synthesized following procedures described for Example A38.Example B1: Preparation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (e.g., ADC-1)Antibodies for exemplary ADCsAntibodies for the examples’ ADC compounds were prepared according to conventional methods, for example, vector construction, eukaryotic cell transfection such as HEK2943 cell (Life Technologies Cat. No. 11625019) transfection, purification, and expression. Antibodies prepared included trastuzumab light chain (SEQ. ID NO. 1) , trastuzumab heavy chain (SEQ. ID NO. 2) , pertuzumab light chain (SEQ. ID NO. 3) , pertuzumab heavy chain (SEQ. ID NO. 4) , B7H3 antibody light chain (SEQ. ID NO. 5) , and B7H3 antibody heavy chain (SEQ. ID NO. 6) .General process of conjugationA formulated aqueous solution of tris (2-carboxy-ethyl) phosphine (10 mM, 0.082 mL, 0.82μmol) was added to a PBS-buffered aqueous solution of antibody (0.05 M PBS-buffered aqueous solution with pH=6.5; 2.5 ml, 9.96 mg / ml, 0.168 umol) at 37℃. The reaction solution was placed in a water bath shaker and shaken at 37℃ for 3 hours before stopping the reaction. The reaction solution was cooled to 25℃ in a water bath and diluted to 5.0 mg / ml. 2.0 ml of the solution was taken for the next reaction.The linker-camptothecin compound (2.1 mg, 2.02 umol) was dissolved in 0.10 mL of DMSO, and then added to 2.0 ml of the above solution. The reaction solution was placed in a water bath shaker, and shaked at 25℃. for 3 hours before stopping the reaction. The reaction solution was desalted and purified with a Sephadex G25 gel column (elution phase: 0.05 M PBS-buffered aqueous solution with pH=6.5, containing 0.001 M EDTA) to obtain the PBS-buffered solution of the exemplary product ADC, which was stored at 4℃.The analysis of drug loading of the ADC (UV method) was carried out according to the method of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2021 / 0353764 (i.e., paragraphs
[0702] ~
[0718] ) .The analysis of drug loading of the ADC (LC-MS method) was carried out according to the method of U.S. Patent No. US 11,572,414 (i.e., col. 2, line 51, to col. 3, line 15) .The ADC aggregation levels was determined by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) . All samples were filtered through 0.22μm filter prior to HPLC-SEC analysis.The HPLC method was conducted as follows:Instrument: Thermo Ultimate 3000Column: Waters, XBridge BEH SEC 3.5μm (7.8*300 mm)Mobile Phase: PBS with 15%isopropanol, pH 7.4Flow Rate: 0.5 ml / min, 30 min.Test 1In vitro cytotoxicity test of camptothecin payloadsHuman lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of small molecule fragments of the present invention. A549 cells were seeded to a 96-well plate at 2000 cells per well. NCI-N87 cells were seeded to a 96-well plate at 3000 cells per well. SK-BR-3 cells were seeded to a 96-well plate at 3000 cells per well. HARA cells were seeded to a 96-well plate at 3000 cells per well. After overnight incubation under 5%CO2 and 37℃, each diluted substance was added. Cell viability was evaluated after 3 days using a CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay from Promega Corp. and according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The results are shown in Table 1 below.Table 1. Cytotoxicity on A549 by Compounds of Formula (D1)NA represents that no measurement was performed.As shown in Table 1, the potency of compounds of Formula (D1) is higher than that of the comparator compounds Dxd and ref-1 across the four tumor cells. Therefore, the modifications on the camptothecin scaffold of the present invention can improve the anticancer potency.Test 2In vitro cytotoxicity test of ADCsCancer cell lines with different levels of Her2 expression, including JIMT-1, NCI-N87, SK-BR-3, CAPAN-1 and CFPAC-1 cells, were used to test the cytotoxicity of ADCs of the present invention. These cell lines were seeded to a 96-well plate at 1000-4000 cells per well. After overnight incubation under 5%CO2 and 37℃, each diluted substance was added. Cell viability was evaluated after 6 days using a CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay from Promega Corp. and according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The results are shown in Table 2 below.Table 2. In vitro cytotoxicity test of ADCsNA represents that no measurement was performed.NCI-N87 and SK-BR-3 are all Her2 high-expression cancer cell lines, CAPAN-1 and CFPAC-1 are reported as Her2 low-expression cell lines, JIMT-1 has moderate Her2 expression but primary resistance to the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab. The examples of ADCs in the test all use the same anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab, conjugated with modified linker and novel payloads from the present invention. Comparing to the ADC-ref, all the new ADCs display slightly better cytotoxicity in the Her2 high-expression cancer cell lines, but surprisingly with significantly higher potency in the Her2 low-expression cell lines and trastuzumab-resistant cell line. This indicates the selection of the linker and payload in the present invention plays an important role in improving the potency of ADCs.Test 3In vitro liver microsome stability test of ToxinTo a preheat PBS solution (477.85μL, pH 7.4) was added 1.5μL spiking solution of test compound (0.5μM, in DMSO) , 1.9μL of Alamethicin (10 mg / mL) and 18.75μL of human liver microsome (20 mg / mL) . The spiking solution in microsome was put in ice for 15 mins. 6 mM NADPH and 3 mM UDPGA mixed working solution was obtained by addition of 2 mL of 12 mM NADPH working solution (in PBS) and 2 mL of 6 mM UDPGA working solution (in PBS) . Dispense 30μL of 1.5μM spiking solution containing 0.75 mg / mL microsome solution to the assay plates designated for different time points (0, 5, 15, 3045 min) . Pre-incubate other plate at 37℃for 5mins. For 0 min, add 150μL of ACN: MeOH (1: 1) containing IS to the wells before adding 15μL of UDPGA & NADPH stocking solution. For other time points, add 15μL of UDPGA & NADPH stocking solution to start the reaction and timing. At 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 150μL of ACN: MeOH (1: 1) containing IS was added to the wells of corresponding plates to stop the reaction. After the reaction was quenched, the plates were shaked for 10 mins (600 rpm) before being centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 mins. 80μL of the supernatant from each well was transferred into a 96-well sample plate containing 140μL of pure water for LCMS analysis. The results are shown in Table 3 below.The LCMS method had the following features:Instrument: Waters ACQUITY UPLCⅠ-Class PLUS & AB SCIEX Triple Quad 6500+Column: Shim-pack GIST-HP C18-AQ (3μm, 2.1*50 mm)Mobile Phase: A: 0.1%FA in H2O, B: 0.1%FA in ACNFlow Rate: 0.6 mL / minTable 3. In vitro liver microsome stability test of ToxinNA represents that no measurement was performed.As shown in Table 3, the compounds of Formula (D1) have shorter half-life in liver microsome, indicating a likelihood of faster in vivo metabolism. The increased metabolism of free toxin is favored for ADC, because it has a potential to reduce systemic exposure of toxin once it is released from the ADC, and therefore attenuate toxicity caused by the toxin. On the other side, the anticancer efficacy is mainly driven by the delivery of toxin in tumor by ADC. The unique property of the compounds in the present invention provides a great potential to maintain or increase the anticancer efficacy of ADC, while reducing the target-independent side effects cause by the toxin released outside of tumor.Test 4Rat PK studyMale SD rat, 180~200g (Shanghai Bikai Keyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ) , 3 Rats / group. Blood samples were collected by orbital vein after IV administration 0.5 mg / kg dosage at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8h into heparin-containing tubes, centrifugated at 10000 rpm for 3 mins to get plasma. All compounds of of Formula (D1) samples were stored at-20℃until they were sent to Suzhou Chengyao Biotech Co., Ltd. for analysis. The results are shown in Table 4A below.The LCMS method had the following features:Instrument: Shimadzu LC-20ADXR or SIL-30ACMP or CTO-20AC & AB SCIEX Qtrap 5500Column: ACQUITY BEH C18 1.7μm (2.1*50 mm)Mobile Phase: A: 10mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution, B: ACNFlow Rate: 0.5 mL / minTable 4A. Rat PK resultsMale SD rat, 180~200g (Shanghai Bikai Keyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ) , 3 Rats / group. Blood samples were collected by orbital vein after IV administration 10 mg / kg dosage at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h into heparin-containing tubes, centrifugated at 10000 rpm for 3 mins to get plasma. All compounds of of Formula (D1) samples were stored at-20℃until they were sent to Suzhou Chengyao Biotech Co., Ltd. for analysis. The results are shown in Table 4B below.The LCMS method had the following features:Instrument: Shimadzu LC-20ADXR or SIL-30ACMP or CTO-20AC & AB SCIEX Qtrap 5500Column: ACQUITY BEH C18 1.7μm (2.1*50 mm)Mobile Phase: A: 10mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution, B: ACNFlow Rate: 0.5 mL / minTable 4B. Rat PK resultsAs shown in Table 4A and 4B, the PK studies confirmed the compounds of Formula (D1) have higher clearance and lower exposure in plasma. This is surprisingly different from the well-known comparator Dxd, which have 3-4 folds lower clearance. It is deemed the faster clearance of free toxin can reduce systemic toxicities caused by the toxin. This unique property has a great potential to be translated into a safer ADC, whose clinical use is also mainly restricted by the toxicity caused by the toxin.Test 5Rat PK studyThe NCI-N87 cell line (BeNa Culture Collection) was used to create the CDX (Cell Line Derived Xenograft) NCI-N87 xenograft mouse model. Each 4-6 weeks old female nude mice (Balb / c nude, SHANGHAI MODEL ORGANISMS) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank with 9.8*106 cells in 200μL of a Matrigel (CORNING 3110003) -NCI-N87 cell suspension (Matrigel: PBS=1: 1) . The injection sites were palpated up to three times weekly until tumors are established to an average size of 150 mm3 as measured via digital calipers. Animals were randomized into groups of 3 mice / group, and the antibody drug conjugates ADC-5 and ADC-ref were administered to the tail vein at a dosage of 10mg / kg, respectively. The blood samples were collected by orbital vein after IV administration at 4h and 24h into heparin-containing tubes, centrifugated at 10000 rpm for 3 mins to get plasma. Samples of lung tissue and tumor tissue were also collected at 4h and 24h. The concentration of payloads were sent to Suzhou Chengyao Biotech Co., Ltd. for analysis.The LCMS method had the following features:Instrument: ACQUITY UPLC & Xevo TQ-XSColumn: ACQUITY BEH C18 1.7μm (2.1*50 mm)Mobile Phase: A: 10mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution, B: ACNFlow Rate: 0.35 mL / minAs shown in FIGs. 9 and 10, the payload concentration of ADC-5 in plasma and lung tissue was significantly lower than that of ADC-ref, the payload concentration of both ADCs in tumor tissue is much higher than that in plasma, and the payload concentration of ADC-5 in tumor is comparable to that of ADC-ref, which ensures the anticancer efficacy. Surprisingly, the tumor / plasma and tumor / lung selectivity of ADC-5 is about 3-4 folds higher than ADC-ref, which further support the unique design of the present invention that modification of PK properties of payloads doesn’t impact the delivery of toxin into tumor by ADC, instead, it can reduce the exposure of free payload in plasma and lung. This is very important because hematological toxicity and interstitial lung disease are two of the most frequent dose-limiting toxicities of ADC in clinical and essentially caused by the payload as toxin in a dose-dependent manner. The ADCs of the present invention with significantly reduced exposure of payload or toxin provide a novel solution to develop new ADCs with better efficacy and safety.Test 6In vivo efficacy study of ADCsCapan-1 cells (Shanghai EK-Bioscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ) , a human pancreatic cancer cell line with low HER2 expression, were suspended in the mixture of normal saline and matrix glue (CORNING 3102001) (Matrigel: PBS=1: 1) , and 8*106 cells were subcutaneously transplanted to the right side of female nude mice (Balb / c nude, SHANGHAI MODEL ORGANISMS) to make Capan-1 solid tumor. Then as the solid tumor was transplanted to female nude mice for multiple subcultures, stripped and rinsed with physiological saline and cut the tumor into 3*3 fragments. Subcutaneously transplant solid tumor slices into the right lateral body of female nude mice. The injection sites were palpated up to three times weekly until tumors are established to an average size of 150 mm3 as measured via digital calipers. Animals were randomized into treatment groups on day 0, 6 mice / group. And on day 0 and 11, the antibody drug conjugates ADC-5 and ADC-ref were administered to the tail vein at a dosage of 10mg / kg, respectively. As a control group, a physiological saline administration group was set up. The tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1- (mean of treatment group tumor volume on evaluation day) / (mean of control group tumor volume on evaluation day) ] *100. As shown in FIGs. 1 and 2, after treatment with the ADCs of the present invention, tumor growth is greatly inhibited, and the tumor inhibition effect was significantly better than the positive control ADC-ref. On day 53 after the mice were inoculated with tumor cells, the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group (physiological saline) was 1195.9 mm3, the mean tumor volume of the ADC-5 treatment group was 141.0 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 88.2%relative to vehicle group; the mean tumor volume of the ADC-ref positive control group was 371.1 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 69.0%relative to vehicle group. At the end of the experiment, the tumor growth inhibition rate of ADC-5 was significantly better than that of the positive control. Such surprising post-treatment effect of the ADCs of the present invention will be particular useful in clinical therapy with a potential to reduce the frequency of administration, suppress the development of drug resistance, increase clinical response rate, or improve overall survival rate. Despite the improved efficacy, the ADCs of the present invention do not cause reduction of mice body weight, which also supports a good safety profile of ADCs of the present invention.Test 7In vivo efficacy study of ADCsThe NCI-N87 cell line (BeNa Culture Collection) was used to create the CDX (Cell Line Derived Xenograft) NCI-N87 xenograft mouse model. Each 4-6 weeks old female nude mice (Balb / c nude, SHANGHAI MODEL ORGANISMS) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank with 1*107 cells in 200μL of a Matrigel (CORNING 3110003) -NCI-N87 cell suspension (Matrigel: PBS=1: 1) . The injection sites were palpated up to three times weekly until tumors are established to an average size of 200 mm3 as measured via digital calipers. Animals were randomized into treatment groups on day 0, 6 mice / group. And on day 0, ADCs of the present invention were administrated by i.v. injection at a dosage of 1 mg / kg, respectively; And on day 11, ADCs of the present invention were administrated by i.v. injection at a dosage of 2 mg / kg, respectively. As a control group, a physiological saline administration group was set up. Tumor size and mouse weight were measured and recorded twice a week. The tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1- (mean of treatment group tumor volume on evaluation day) / (mean of control group tumor volume on evaluation day) ] *100.As shown in FIGs. 3 and 4, after treatment with the ADCs of the present invention, tumor growth is greatly inhibited, and the tumor inhibition effect was significantly better than the positive control ADC-ref. On day 33 after the mice were inoculated with tumor cells, the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group (physiological saline) was 1856.0 mm3, the mean tumor volume of the ADC-4 treatment group was 416.2 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 77.6%relative to vehicle group; the mean tumor volume of the ADC-ref positive control group was 739.7 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 60.1%relative to vehicle group. At the end of the experiment, the tumor growth inhibition rate of ADC-4 was significantly better than that of the positive control.Test 8In vivo efficacy study of ADCsThe NCI-N87 cell line (BeNa Culture Collection) was used to create the CDX (Cell Line Derived Xenograft) NCI-N87 xenograft mouse model. Each 4-6 weeks old female nude mice (Balb / c nude, SHANGHAI MODEL ORGANISMS) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank with 9.8*106 cells in 200μL of a Matrigel (CORNING 3110003) -NCI-N87 cell suspension (Matrigel: PBS=1: 1) . The injection sites were palpated up to three times weekly until tumors are established to an average size of 150 mm3 as measured via digital calipers. Animals were randomized into treatment groups on day 0, 6 mice / group. And on day 0, ADCs of the present invention were administrated by i.v. injection at a dosage of 1 mg / kg, respectively. As a control group, a physiological saline administration group was set up. Tumor size and mouse weight were measured and recorded twice a week. The tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1- (mean of treatment group tumor volume on evaluation day) / (mean of control group tumor volume on evaluation day) ] *100.As shown in FIGs. 5 and 6, after treatment with the ADCs of the present invention, tumor growth is greatly inhibited, and the tumor inhibition effect was significantly better than the positive control ADC-ref. On day 33 after the mice were inoculated with tumor cells, the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group (physiological saline) was 1137.4 mm3, the mean tumor volume of the ADC-5 treatment group was 97.0 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 91.5%relative to vehicle group; the mean tumor volume of the ADC-8 treatment group was 206.0 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 82.0%relative to vehicle group; the mean tumor volume of the ADC-ref positive control group was 364.4 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 68.0%relative to vehicle group. At the end of the experiment, the tumor growth inhibition rate of ADC-5 and ADC-8 were significantly better than that of the positive control.Test 9In vivo efficacy study of ADCsThe JIMT-1 cell line (BeNa Culture Collection) was used to create the CDX (Cell Line Derived Xenograft) JIMT-1 xenograft mouse model. Each 4-6 weeks old female nude mice (Balb / c nude, SHANGHAI MODEL ORGANISMS) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank with 6.3*106 cells in 200μL of a Matrigel (CORNING 3102001) -JIMT-1 cell suspension (Matrigel: PBS=1: 1) . The injection sites were palpated up to three times weekly until tumors are established to an average size of 150 mm3 as measured via digital calipers. Animals were randomized into treatment groups on day 0, 6 mice / group. And on day 0, ADCs of the present invention were administrated by i.v. injection at a dosage of 10 mg / kg, respectively. As a control group, a physiological saline administration group was set up. Tumor size and mouse weight were measured and recorded twice a week. The tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) was calculated as follows: TGI (%) = [1- (mean of treatment group tumor volume on evaluation day) / (mean of control group tumor volume on evaluation day) ] *100.As shown in FIGs. 7 and 8, after treatment with the ADCs of the present invention, tumor growth is greatly inhibited, and the tumor inhibition effect was better than the positive control ADC-ref. On day 31 after the mice were inoculated with tumor cells, the mean tumor volume of the vehicle group (physiological saline) was 1054.9 mm3, the mean tumor volume of the ADC-5 treatment group was 312.4 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 70.4%relative to vehicle group; the mean tumor volume of the ADC-ref positive control group was 400.4 mm3, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 62.0%relative to vehicle group. At the end of the experiment, the tumor growth inhibition rate of ADC-5 was better than that of the positive control.Test 10In vivo toxicity study of payloadsMale SD rat, 180~200g (Shanghai Bikai Keyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ) , 4 Rats / group. The payloads were given by i.v. injection at a dosage of 2 mg / kg, respectively, once a day for 4 days. As a control group, a physiological saline solution containing 5% (w / v) dimethyl sulfoxide and 20% (w / v) (2-hydroxypropyl) -β-cyclodextrin administration group was set up. Rat weight was measured and recorded every day.As shown in FIG. 11, a continuous loss of body weight was observed after dosing of the payloads. After the dose discontinuation at day 4, the effect by Formula (D1) compounds was gradually removed with recovered body weight at day 6, which was significantly better than Dxd. However, the toxicity caused by ref-2was more profound and there is no sign of recovery at day 6. This result also demonstrated the compounds of Formula (D1) are much safer than ref-2, which was also in line with unique PK properties of these novel compounds with faster clearance.The representative data taken in their entirety reveal a surprisingly superior therapeutic potential for the compounds described herein, with the beneficial unexpected advantages in areas of potency, efficacy and safety. Importantly, the faster clearance of the free toxins described herein, as demonstrated in Test 1 to 10, doesn’t cause diminished efficacy of the ADC built from them. The dramatic and surprising improvement in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics properties of ADCs provided herein offers marked benefits for human or mammal therapy, including but not limited to better clinical cure rate, a reduced effective drug dose, and reduced possible adverse effects.SEQUENCE LISTINGTrastuzumab Light chainSEQ ID NO. 1Trastuzumab Heavy chainSEQ ID NO. 2The following is the sequence of Pertuzumab:Pertuzumab Light chainSEQ ID NO. 3Pertuzumab Heavy chainSEQ ID NO. 4The following is the sequence of B7H3 antibody:B7H3 Light chainSEQ ID NO. 5B7H3 Heavy chainSEQ ID NO. 6
Claims
1.A ligand-drug conjugate having the formula of T- (L-D) m,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein:T is a targeting or binding Ligand;L is a Linker Unit;m is an integer or fraction of integer selected from 1 to 12;D is a Drug Unit having a formula of D1wherein:R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from 1 or 2;R1d is selected from H or halo;R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and C3-C6 heterocycloalkyl; or R2a and R2b are combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl;Z is-R3a-R3b;R3b is selected from-OH, -SH, and-NHR3c;R3a is selected from the group consisting of-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 arylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 heteroarylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -N (C1-C8 alkyl) -C2-C8 alkylene-, and-NR3dR3e-R3f-;R3g is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of O, S, S (O) , S (O) 2, -NHC (=O) -, -NHC (=O) O-, -NHC (=O) NH-, -OC (=O) NH-, -NHC (=O) S-, -NHC (=S) NH-, and-NHS (O) 2-;R3d and R3e are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted4 to 9 membered ring containing one or two nitrogen atoms;R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of-C (O) -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene (C1-C3 alkyl) -, -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-;R3c is selected from H or C1-C6 alkyl;wherein D is covalently attached to L via any suitable attachment site on D, optionally wherein a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl, thiol, primary amine, or secondary amine of D is replaced with a bond to L or a tertiary amine of D is quaternized to form a bond to L;provided that when R1a and R1b combine to form-O-CH=CH-and R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, and-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-; then R3g is not-NHC (=O) -.2.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.3.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, and-CH=CH-CH=CH-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo.4.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula ofⅠ, wherein:X is-C (R5b) -or-N-;R5a is either absent, or R5a and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R5a and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, each “3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl” and each “4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl” are independently optionally substituted with one to three R9;R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl and wherein each of C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; or R4 and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, provided that R5a and R5b do not also form a ring; or R4 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R6 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R4 and R6 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R7 and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form oxo, 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; and wherein each of the 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl and 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; and the remaining of R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to four R9;R9 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, oxo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl; or two R9 groups when attached to adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R9 groups when attached to the same carbon and taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to three fluoro or hydroxy, and C1-C3 alkyl;n1 and n2 are each an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; provided that n1+n2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.5.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below: 6.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below: 7.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.8.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:R1c and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.9.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein R3f is selected from the group consisting of-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.10.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein R2a and R2b are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; optionally, D is covalently attached to L via an O, S, or N atom of R3b, wherein a hydrogen atom of -OH, -SH, or-NHR3c of R3b is replaced with a bond to L.11.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein R3b is-OH.12.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein R3a is selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S (O) 2-C1-C6 alkylene-, and-NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from 13.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein D having a formula of D1a, D1b, D1c, D1d, D1e, D1f, D1g, D1h, D1m, D1n, D1p, or D1q, wherein R1e and R1f at each occurrence are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl.14.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting of 15.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting of 16.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein L is a Linker Unit having a formula of -L1-L2-L3-L4-wherein L1 is Connector Unit; L2 is either absent, or a Partitioning Agent; L3 is an Amino Acid Unit; L4 is either absent, or a Spacer Unit; and wherein L1 is connected to T.17.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 16, wherein:L1 is selected from the group consisting of-CH (CH2COOH) -C (O) -NH-, -CH (COOH) -CH2-C (O) -NH-, -CH2C (O) -, -CH=CH-P (O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) -NH-W1-C (O) -, and wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of-O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, -NHC (O) CH2- (OCH2CH2) p6-OC1-C6 alkyl, and cycloalkyl; p6 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; and wherein the left side of each of the L1 groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or- (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.18.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 16 or 17, wherein:L1 is selected from the group consisting of-CH (CH2COOH) -C (O) -NH-, -CH (COOH) -CH2-C (O) -NH-, -CH2C (O) -, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the left side of each of the L1 groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.19.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 16, wherein:L1 iswherein W1 isR17, R18, and R19 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, - (CH2CH2O) p7- (C1-C6 alkyl) , -SO3H, -PO (OH) 2, and C1-C6 alkyl; R20 at each occurrence is independently C1-C6 alkylene; p7 is an integer selected from 1 to 15; W is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the left side of each of the L1 groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and-NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or- (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b;optionally, wherein L is selected from structures below:20.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein L2 is selected from the group consisting of-NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-memberedheteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; “5-to 6-membered heteroarylene” at each occurrence is independently selected from21.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein L3 is an amino acid residue or peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the amino acids are selected from Phenylalanine (F) , Glycine (G) , Valine (V) , Lysine (K) , Citrulline, Serine (S) , Glutamic acid (E) , and Aspartic acid (N) ; wherein the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-N (CH3) -CH2COOH, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, -NH- (CH2CH2O) g1-C1-C6 alkyl, -C (O) - (CH2CH2O) g1- (CH2) g-N [CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 2, -NH-C [CH2OCH2CH2C (O) NHCH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 3; optionally, the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, and wherein g at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 0 to 5; s is an integer selected from 0 to 3; Y2, Y3, and Y4 at each occurrence are selected from the group consisting of-CH2-, -NH-, -S-, and-O-; g1 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; optionally a peptide residue composed of 1, 2 or more Phenylalanine and Glycine; optionally is a peptide residue composed of 4 amino acids; optionally is a peptide residue composed of GGFG; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1 or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b.22.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein L is selected from structures below: 23.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein L is selected from structures below: 24.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the ligand-drug conjugate is selected from the following structural formulae: 25.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein T is a targeting antibody or ligand binding to antigen; wherein the antibody is selected from chimeric antibody, humanized antibody, and human antibody; and optionally wherein T is a monoclonal antibody.26.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein T is selected from anti-Her2 (ErbB2) antibody, anti-EGFR antibody, anti-B7H3 antibody, anti-c-MET antibody, anti-Her3 (ErbB3) antibody, anti-Her4 (ErbB4) antibody, anti-CD20 antibody, anti-CD22 antibody, anti-CD30 antibody, anti-CD33 antibody, anti-CD44 antibody, anti-CD56 antibody, anti-CD70 antibody, anti-CD73 antibody, anti-CD105 antibody, anti-CEA antibody, anti-A33 antibody, anti-Cripto antibody, anti-EphA2 antibody, anti-G250 antibody, anti-MICI antibody, anti-Lewis Y antibody, anti-VEGFR antibody, anti-GPNMB antibody, anti-Integrin antibody, anti-PSMA antibody, anti-Tenascin-C antibody, anti-SLC44A4 antibody, anti-Mesothelin antibody, and anti-ROR1 antibody or the fragment binding to the antigen.27.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein T is selected from Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, Nimotuzumab, Enoblituzumab, Emibetuzumab, Inotuzumab, Pinatuzumab, Brentuximab, Gemtuzumab, Bivatuzumab, Lorvotuzumab, cBR96, and Glembatumumab or the fragment binding to the antigen.28.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein T is Trastuzumab.29.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein m is an integer or fraction of an integer selected from 2 to 8; optionally m is an integer or fraction of an integer selected from 3 to 8.30.A compound having the formula of L-D,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, wherein:L is a Linker Unit;D is a Drug Unit having a formula of D1wherein:R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from 1 or 2;R1d is selected from H or halo;R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and C3-C6 heterocycloalkyl; or R2a and R2b are combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl;Z is-R3a-R3b;R3b is selected from-OH, -SH, and-NHR3c;R3a is selected from the group consisting of-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 arylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 heteroarylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -N (C1-C8 alkyl) -C2-C8 alkylene-, and-NR3dR3e-R3f-;R3g is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of O, S, S (O) , S (O) 2, -NHC (=O) -, -NHC (=O) O-, -NHC (=O) NH-, -OC (=O) NH-, -NHC (=O) S-, -NHC (=S) NH-, and-NHS (O) 2-;R3d and R3e are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted4 to 9 membered ring containing one or two nitrogen atoms;R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of-C (O) -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene (C1-C3 alkyl) -, -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-;R3c is selected from H or C1-C6 alkyl;wherein D is covalently attached to L via any suitable attachment site on D, optionally wherein a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl, thiol, primary amine, or secondary amine of D is replaced with a bond to L or a tertiary amine of D is quaternized to form a bond to L;provided that when R1a and R1b combine to form-O-CH=CH-and R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, and-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-; then R3g is not-NHC (=O) -.31.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to claim 30, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and -O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.32.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to claim 30, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, and-CH=CH-CH=CH-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo.33.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 32, wherein -NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula ofⅠ, wherein:X is-C (R5b) -or-N-;R5a is either absent, or R5a and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R5a and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, each “3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl” and each “4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl” are independently optionally substituted with one to three R9;R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl and wherein each of C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; or R4 and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, provided that R5a and R5b do not also form a ring; or R4 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R6 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R4 and R6 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R7 and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form oxo, 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; and wherein each of the 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl and 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; and the remaining of R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to four R9;R9 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, oxo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl; or two R9 groups when attached to adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R9 groups when attached to the same carbon and taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to three fluoro or hydroxy, and C1-C3 alkyl;n1 and n2 are each an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; provided that n1+n2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.34.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein -NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below: 35.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 34, wherein -NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below: 36.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein:R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.37.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein:R1c and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.38.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 37, wherein R3f is selected from the group consisting of-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.39.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 38, wherein R2a and R2b are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; optionally, D is covalently attached to L via an O, S, or N atom of R3b, wherein a hydrogen atom of-OH, -SH, or-NHR3c of R3b is replaced with a bond to L.40.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 39, wherein R3b is -OH.41.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 40, wherein R3a is selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S (O) 2-C1-C6 alkylene-, and-NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from 42.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 41, wherein D having a formula of D1a, D1b, D1c, D1d, D1e, D1f, D1g, D1h, D1m, D1n, D1p, or D1q, wherein R1e and R1f at each occurrence are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl.43.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 42, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting of 44.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 42, wherein D has a formula selected from the group consisting of 45.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 44, wherein L is a Linker Unit having a formula of L1a-L2-L3-L4-wherein L1a is Connector Unit; L2 is either absent, or a Partitioning Agent; L3 is an Amino Acid Unit; L4 is either absent, or a Spacer Unit.46.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to claim 45, wherein:L1a is selected from the group consisting ofBr-CH2C (O) -, CH ≡C-P (O) (OC1-C8 alkyl) -NH-W1-C (O) -, andwherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, -NHC (O) CH2- (OCH2CH2) p6-OC1-C6 alkyl, and cycloalkyl; p6 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; and wherein the right side of each of the L1a groups provided above is attached to L2 or L3;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and-NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or- (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.47.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to claim 45, wherein:L1a iswherein W1 isR17, R18, and R19 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, - (CH2CH2O) p7- (C1-C6 alkyl) , -SO3H, -PO (OH) 2, and C1-C6 alkyl; R20 at each occurrence is independently C1-C6 alkylene; p7 is an integer selected from 1 to 15; W is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, -arylene- (C1-C8 alkylene) -, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the left side of each of the L1a groups provided above is attached to T;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) -C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and-NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H, C1-C3 alkyl, or- (CH2CH2O) p2-C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b;optionally, wherein L is selected from structures below:48.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to claim 45 or 46, wherein:L1a is selected from the group consisting ofBr-CH2C (O) -, wherein Z1 at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, C1-C8 alkenylene, C1-C8 alkynylene, 5-to 6-membered arylene, and 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene; Y1 is selected from the group consisting of-O-, -S-, -CH2-, 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkylene, and 5-to 10-membered heteroarylene; q1, q2, and q3 are each an integer independently selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; W and W1 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 alkylene, - (C1-C8 alkylene) -cycloalkylene-, arylene, heteroarylene, and linear heteroalkylene, wherein the linear heteroalkylene comprise 1 to 8 carbon atom (s) , and 1 to 3 heteroatom (s) selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, S (O) , and S (O) 2, and wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heterocycloalkylene, cycloalkylene, linear heteroalkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene are each independently optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, deuterated alkyl, alkoxy, and cycloalkyl; and wherein the right side of each of the L1a groups provided above is attached to L2 or L3;L2 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of - [NR10-CH2C (O) ] p2-, -NR10 (CH2CH2O) p2CH2CH2-, -NR10- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; wherein the left side of each of the L2 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a and the right side of each of the L2 groups is attached to L3;L3 is an optionally substituted amino acid residue or optionally substituted peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b;L4 is either absent, or selected from the group consisting ofwherein R14 and R15 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl; R11, R12, and R13 at each occurrence are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; R16 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH2CH2S (O) 2CH3, -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2, and C1-C3 alkyl; wherein the left side of each of the L4 groups provided above is attached to the C terminal of L3 and the right side of each of the L4 groups is attached to R3b.49.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 45 to 48, wherein L2 is selected from the group consisting of-NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-C (O) -, -NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -O- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -S- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, -CH2- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (CH2) p4-O- (CH2) p5-C (O) -, and-NR10- (CH2) p1- (5-to 6-membered heteroarylene) - (CH2CH2O) p2- (CH2) p3-NR10-C (O) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) -C (O) -; wherein R10 at each occurrence is independently H or C1-C3 alkyl; p1, p3, p4, and p5 at each occurrence are an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; p2 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; “5-to 6-membered heteroarylene” at each occurrence is independently selected from 50.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 45 to 49, wherein L3 is an amino acid residue or peptide residue composed of 2 to 7 amino acids; wherein the amino acids are selected from Phenylalanine (F) , Glycine (G) , Valine (V) , Lysine (K) , Citrulline, Serine (S) , Glutamic acid (E) , and Aspartic acid (N) ; wherein the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-N (CH3) -CH2COOH, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, -NH- (CH2CH2O) g1-C1-C6 alkyl, -C (O) - (CH2CH2O) g1- (CH2) g-N [CH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 2, -NH-C [CH2OCH2CH2C (O) NHCH2CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH (OH) CH2 (OH) ] 3; optionally, the amino acid residue and peptide residue are optionally further substituted by one or more substituent (s) selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, alkyl, chloroalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, - [N (CH3) -CH2-C (O) ] g1-NH2, -C (O) -CH2- [N (CH3) -C (O) -CH2] g1-NH-C (O) -CH3, and wherein g at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 0 to 5; s is an integer selected from 0 to 3; Y2, Y3, and Y4 at each occurrence are selected from the group consisting of-CH2-, -NH-, -S-, and-O-; g1 at each occurrence is an integer independently selected from 3 to 15; optionally a peptide residue composed of 1, 2 or more Phenylalanine and Glycine; optionally is a peptide residue composed of 4 amino acids; optionally is a peptide residue composed of GGFG; wherein the N terminal of L3 groups provided above is attached to the right side of L1a or L2 and the C terminal of L3 groups is attached to L4 or R3b.51.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 50, wherein L is selected from structures below: 52.The ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 50, wherein L is selected from structures below: 53.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 30 to 52, wherein the compound is selected from the following structural formulae: 54.A compound having the formula of D1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, wherein:R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from 1 or 2;R1d is selected from H or halo;R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and C3-C6 heterocycloalkyl; or R2a and R2b are combined with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C6 cycloalkyl;Z is-R3a-R3b;R3b is selected from-OH, -SH, and-NHR3c;R3a is selected from the group consisting of-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 arylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C5-C12 heteroarylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -R3g-C0-C3 alkylene-C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-C0-C3 alkylene-, -N (C1-C8 alkyl) -C2-C8 alkylene-, and-NR3dR3e-R3f-;R3g is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of O, S, S (O) , S (O) 2, -NHC (=O) -, -NHC (=O) O-, -NHC (=O) NH-, -OC (=O) NH-, -NHC (=O) S-, -NHC (=S) NH-, and-NHS (O) 2-;R3d and R3e are combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted4 to 9 membered ring containing one or two nitrogen atoms;R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of-C (O) -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene (C1-C3 alkyl) -, -C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-;R3c is selected from H or C1-C6 alkyl;provided that when R1a and R1b combine to form-O-CH=CH-and R3a is selected from the group consisting of -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-, -R3g-C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -R3g-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, and-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-R3g-C1-C6 alkylene-; then R3g is not-NHC (=O) -.55.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to claim 54, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-O (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pO (CH2) p-, -O-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pNH (CH2) p-, -S (CH2) 2-, - (CH2) pS (CH2) p-, -S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo; R3f is either absent, or selected from the group consisting of-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C1-C6 alkylene (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) -, -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 heterocycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.56.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to claim 54, wherein R1b is combined with R1a or R1c to form a divalent group; when R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group, then R1c is selected from H or halo; when R1b and R1c combine to form a divalent group, then R1a is selected from H or halo; wherein each occurrence of divalent group is independently selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=N-, -O-CH=N-, and-CH=CH-CH=CH-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo.57.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 56, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula ofⅠ, wherein:X is-C (R5b) -or-N-;R5a is either absent, or R5a and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R5a and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein 5-to 6-membered aryl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, each “3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl” and each “4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl” are independently optionally substituted with one to three R9;R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl and wherein each of C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; or R4 and R5b taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, provided that R5a and R5b do not also form a ring; or R4 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R6 and R7 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R4 and R6 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; or R7 and R8 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form oxo, 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl, or 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl; and wherein each of the 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl and 4-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to four R9; and the remaining of R4, R5b, R6, R7, and R8 at each occurrence are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, hydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein the C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one to four R9;R9 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, oxo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl; or two R9 groups when attached to adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R9 groups when attached to the same carbon and taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, fused C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and spiro C3-C6 cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one to three fluoro or hydroxy, and C1-C3 alkyl;n1 and n2 are each an integer independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; provided that n1+n2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.58.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 57, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below: 59.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 58, wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from below: 60.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 59, wherein:R1a and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.61.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 59, wherein:R1c and R1b combine to form a divalent group selected from the group consisting of-S-CH=CH-, - (CH2) pS (=O) (CH2) p-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-O-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-NH-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-S-, -O-C (=O) -CH2-CH2-, - (CH2) pS (=O) 2 (CH2) p-, -CH2C (=O) OCH2-, and-O-C (=O) -CH2-, and wherein each divalent group is optionally substituted with at least one C1-C6 alkyl or halo;p at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2.62.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 61, wherein R3f is selected from the group consisting of-C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -N (C1-C3 alkyl) -C (O) -C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -C3-C10 cycloalkylene-, -NH-C (O) -O-C1-C6 alkylene-, -NH-C (O) -NH-C1-C6 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-C8 alkylene-, -C (O) O-C1-C8 alkylene-, and-C (O) -NH-C1-C8 alkylene-.63.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 62, wherein R2a and R2b are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3alkyl.64.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 63, wherein R3b is-OH.65.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 64, wherein R3a is selected from-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S-C1-C6 alkylene-, -S (O) 2-C1-C6 alkylene-, and-NR3dR3e-R3f-; wherein-NR3dR3e-R3f-having a formula selected from 66.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 65, wherein the compound having a formula of D1a, D1b, D1c, D1d, D1e, D1f, D1g, D1h, D1m, D1n, D1p, or D1q, wherein R1e and R1f at each occurrence are independently selected from H, halo, and C1-C3 alkyl.67.The compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof according to any one of claims 54 to 66, wherein the compounds include, but are not limited to: 68.A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, according to any one of claims 1 to 29, and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (s) , diluent (s) , or excipient (s) .69.A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, according to any one of claims 54 to 67; and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (s) , diluent (s) , or excipient (s) .70.A method of treating a tumor in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject the ligand-drug conjugate, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, according to any one of claims 1 to 29; or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 68.71.A method of treating a tumor in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject the compound, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, according to any one of claims 54 to 67; or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 69.72.The method according to claim 70 or 71, wherein the tumor is a cancer.The method according to claim 72, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, urethral cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, endometrial cancer, salivary gland cancer, esophageal cancer, melanoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, sarcoma, lung cancer (for example, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer) , colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia (for example, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) , bone cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lymphoma (for example, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or recurrent anaplastic large cell lymphoma) .
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