Modified polyphenylene sulfide composite material and methods of preparation of the same
The development of a copper-clad laminate with a PPS-based thermoplastic layer and glass fiber filler addresses the limitations of existing CCLs by enhancing dielectric properties, mechanical stability, and manufacturing efficiency for high-frequency applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/140218
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing copper-clad laminates (CCLs) for printed circuit boards face challenges such as high dielectric loss, brittleness, and high energy consumption in manufacturing, which hinder their performance in high-frequency applications and mechanical stability.
A copper-clad laminate is developed using a thermoplastic layer comprising at least 20 wt.% polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with a melt flow rate of 100 g/10 min to 1000 g/10 min, and 30 wt.% to 80 wt.% of a filler component that includes at least 12 wt.% glass fiber, combined with optional secondary fillers and additives, which are processed through injection molding or extrusion to form large format sheets.
The modified copper-clad laminate exhibits improved properties such as high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, excellent heat resistance, good dimensional stability, and high peel strength, while also enabling efficient manufacturing and large format production.
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Figure CN2023140218_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MODIFIED POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND METHODS OF PREPARATION OF THE SAMEFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to copper-clad laminates (CCL) for use with printed circuit boards and, more particularly, to copper-clad laminates including a modified polyphenylene sulfide composite material.BACKGROUND
[0002] Copper-clad laminates (CCL) are used to make printed circuit boards (PCB) for use in multifunctional consumer electronic products. As density and integration requirements increase, the functional requirements of the PCBs are becoming increasingly strict, particularly in terms of electrical properties. While ceramic materials can exhibit the high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss required for use at high frequencies, the sintering process used to manufacture the materials can lower the production efficiency. In addition, the manufacturing process consumes a large amount of energy and the resultant ceramic materials can be brittle.
[0003] CCL may generally include thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bismaleimide resin (e.g., bis-maleimide triazine) , polyimide resin, polyphenylene ether resin, and cyanate ester resin, but these materials can exhibit a relatively high dielectric loss. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resins can exhibit excellent high-frequency characteristics, moisture resistance, and acid resistance, but the PTFE resins lack the desired mechanical properties, are difficult to process, and can be expensive and difficult to process.
[0004] Accordingly, there remains a need for alternative CCLs and methods of making the same.SUMMARY
[0005] The following is a brief summary of subject matter that is described in greater detail herein. This summary is not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the claims.
[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises forming a thermoplastic layer comprising: at least 20 wt. %of polyphenylene sulfide, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer, the polyphenylene sulfide having a melt flow rate (MFR) of from about 100 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min; and from 30 wt. %to 80 wt. %of a filler component. The filler component comprises, at least 12 wt. %glass fiber, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer; and, optionally, a secondary filler. The process further comprises laying up, in order, a first copper foil layer, a first reinforcing layer, the thermoplastic layer, a second reinforcing layer, and a second copper foil layer to form a stack; and laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure for a time sufficient to form the copper-clad laminate. The copper-clad laminate may have a width of greater than or equal to about 150 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 115 mm.
[0007] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of the first aspect, wherein laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure comprises heating the stack to a temperature of from about 150 ℃ to about 300 ℃.
[0008] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of the first or aspects, wherein laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure comprises applying a pressure of from about 0.1 MPa to about 4.0 MPa.
[0009] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of any previous aspect, wherein laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure for a time sufficient to form the copper-clad laminate comprises application of heat and pressure for a duration of from about 1 minute to about 30 minutes.
[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of any previous aspect, wherein forming the thermoplastic layer comprises forming the thermoplastic layer by injection molding.
[0011] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of any of the first through fourth aspects, wherein forming the thermoplastic layer comprises extruding the thermoplastic layer.
[0012] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of any previous aspect, wherein the copper-clad laminate has a surface area of greater than or equal to about 225 cm2.
[0013] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of any previous aspect, wherein the thermoplastic layer has a thickness of less than about 1 mm.
[0014] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of any previous aspect, wherein the copper-clad laminate has a width of greater than or equal to about 300 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 300 mm.
[0015] According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprises the process of any previous aspect, wherein the copper-clad laminate has a thickness of less than about 3 mm.
[0016] According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a copper-clad laminate comprises a thermoplastic layer, a reinforcing layer having a first side in contact with a first side of the thermoplastic layer, and at least one copper foil layer in contact with a second side of the reinforcing layer opposite the first side. The thermoplastic layer comprises at least 20 wt. %of polyphenylene sulfide, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer, the polyphenylene sulfide having a melt flow rate (MFR) of from about 100 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min; from 30 wt. %to 80 wt. %of a filler component, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, wherein the filler component comprises at least 12 wt. %glass fiber, and, optionally, a secondary filler selected from the group consisting of ceramic filler, glass beads, talc, and combinations thereof; and optionally, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 2 wt. %of an additive, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, the additive selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants, lubricants, light stabilizers, mold release agents, colorants, and combinations thereof. The thermoplastic layer has a dielectric constant at 2.5 GHz of greater than 4.0, a dielectric loss at 2.5 GHz of less than about 0.005 under 2.5 GHz, and a flexural strength of greater than about 60 MPa.
[0017] According to a twelfth aspect, a copper-clad laminate comprises the copper-clad laminate of the eleventh aspect, wherein the thermoplastic layer has a heat resistance of greater than or equal to about 250 ℃ at 0.45 MPa.
[0018] According to a thirteenth aspect, a copper-clad laminate comprises the copper-clad laminate of the eleventh or twelfth aspects, wherein the thermoplastic layer has a surface resistivity of greater than or equal to 1.0 E13 ohms.
[0019] According to a fourteenth aspect, a copper-clad laminate comprises the copper-clad laminate of any of the eleventh through thirteenth aspects, wherein the polyphenylene sulfide component is present in an amount of from at least about 20 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic laminate.
[0020] According to a fifteenth aspect, a copper-clad laminate comprises the copper-clad laminate of any of the eleventh through fourteenth aspects, wherein the secondary filler is a ceramic filler selected from the group consisting of TiO2, BaTiO3, CaTiO3, MgTiO3, SrTiO3, BaSrTiO3, Al2O3, SiO2, and combinations thereof.
[0021] According to a sixteenth aspect, a copper-clad laminate comprises the copper-clad laminate of any of the eleventh through fifteenth aspects, wherein the glass fibers are present in an amount of from at least 12 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer.
[0022] According to a seventeenth aspect, a copper-clad laminate comprises the copper-clad laminate of any of the eleventh through sixteenth aspects, wherein the secondary filler is present in an amount of from about 30 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer.
[0023] The above summary presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the systems and / or methods discussed herein. This summary is not an extensive overview of the systems and / or methods discussed herein. It is not intended to identify key / critical elements or to delineate the scope of such systems and / or methods. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] The general inventive concepts, as well as illustrative embodiments and advantages thereof, are described below in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the drawings in which:
[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates an example copper-clad laminate (CCL) in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein; and
[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process for forming a CCL in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Disclosed herein are copper-clad laminates (CCL) including a modified polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix and methods of making the same. The CCLs improve over conventional materials by providing a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, excellent heat resistance, good dimensional stability, and high peel strength. In particular, in various aspects described herein, a thermoplastic layer comprising PPS and a filler component comprising glass fibers can be formed using extrusion or injection molding techniques while maintaining properties making the thermoplastic layer particularly well-suited for CCL applications. The formation of the thermoplastic layer through extrusion or injection molding techniques may further enable the formation of large format sheets and, therefore, the formation of large format CCLs and printed circuit boards (PCBs) . Other advantages are possible and contemplated and may be realized based on the following disclosure.
[0028] The terminology as set forth herein is for description of the various aspects only and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure as a whole. All references to singular characteristics or limitations of the present disclosure shall include the corresponding plural characteristic or limitation, and vice versa, unless otherwise specified or clearly implied to the contrary by the context in which the reference is made. Unless specified otherwise, “a, ” “an, ” “the, ” and “at least one” are used interchangeably. Furthermore, as used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” are inclusive of their plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0029] Unless otherwise expressly defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
[0030] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it not intended that any method disclosed herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order, nor that any article set forth herein be construed as requiring specific orders or orientations to its individual components.
[0031] To the extent that the term “includes” or “including” is used in the description or the claims, it is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as that term is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “or” is employed (e.g., A or B) it is intended to mean “A or B or both. ” When the applicants intend to indicate “only A or B but not both” then the term “only A or B but not both” will be employed. Thus, use of the term “or” herein is the inclusive, and not the exclusive use.
[0032] Any composition described in the present disclosure can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements of the disclosure as described herein, as well as any additional or optional element described herein, or which is otherwise useful in CCL applications.
[0033] All percentages, parts, and ratios as used herein are by weight of the total blend on an “dry” basis, i.e., without solvents, unless otherwise specified.
[0034] All ranges and parameters, including but not limited to percentages, parts, and ratios, disclosed herein are understood to encompass any and all sub-ranges assumed and subsumed therein, and every number between the endpoints. For example, a stated range of “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all sub-ranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (e.g., 1 to 6.1, or 2.3 to 9.4) , and to each integer (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) contained within the range. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and / or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiments includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by the use of the antecedent “about, ” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
[0035] The term “wt. %, ” as described herein, refers to the weight fraction of the individual component based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer composition, unless otherwise noted.
[0036] Additionally, as used herein, the term “exemplary” is intended to mean serving as an illustration or example of something, and is not intended to indicate a preference.
[0037] The term “melt flow rate, ” as described herein, refers to the ability of a material’s melt to flow under pressure as measured according to ASTM D1238 at the given temperature and given weight.
[0038] As used herein, the term “thermoplastic” refers to a polymer that softens when exposed to heat and returns to its original condition when at room temperature.
[0039] In various aspects provided herein, a copper-clad laminate (CCL) is disclosed that includes a thermoplastic layer, a reinforcing layer, and a copper foil layer. As shown in FIG. 1, in any of the aspects described herein, the CCL 100 may include more than one of each of the thermoplastic layer 102, the reinforcing layer 104, and copper foil layer 106. A first side of the reinforcing layer is in contact with a first side of the thermoplastic layer, and the at least one copper foil layer is in contact with a second side of the reinforcing layer opposite the first side. In any of the aspects described herein, the thermoplastic layer can comprise at least 15 wt. %polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) , from 30 wt. %to 80 wt. %of a filler component, and, optionally, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 2 wt. %of an additive, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. In various aspects, the filler component includes at least 12 wt. %glass fiber and, optionally, a secondary filler selected from the group consisting of ceramic filler, glass beads, talc, and combinations thereof. The thermoplastic layer may exhibit a relatively high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, excellent heat resistance, good dimensional stability, high peel strength with the copper foil layers, and can be manufactured efficiently. Other advantages may be realized, depending on the particular aspects, which will now be described in greater detail.
[0040] Thermoplastic Layer
[0041] As set forth above, the thermoplastic layer 102 can comprise at least 15 wt. %polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) , from 30 wt. %to 80 wt. %of a filler component, and, optionally, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 2 wt. %of an additive, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. The components can be compounded together and extruded or injection molded to form a thin thermoplastic layer that is well-suited for incorporation into a CCL.
[0042] Thermoplastic Resin
[0043] The thermoplastic layer 102 is formed from a composition comprising a thermoplastic resin, such as a semicrystalline thermoplastic resin. In various aspects provided herein, the thermoplastic resin may comprise polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) , including linear, branched, or crosslinked PPS, or combinations thereof.
[0044] PPS is typically prepared by the reaction of p-dichlorobenzene with sodium sulfide, optionally with the use of a branching agent, such as 1, 2, 5-trichlorobenzene. In any of the aspects provided herein, the PPS can have a melt flow rate of from about 100 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min when measured at 316 ℃ / 5 Kg under ASTM D1238. In some aspects, the PPS can have a melt flow rate of greater than or equal to about 100 g / 10 min, greater than or equal to about 200 g / 10 min, greater than or equal to about 300 g / 10 min, greater than or equal to about 400 g / 10 min, greater than or equal to about 500 g / 10 min, or greater than or equal to about 600 g / 10 min, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. In some aspects, the PPS can have a melt flow rate of less than or equal to about 1,000 g / 10 min, less than or equal to about 900 g / 10 min, less than or equal to about 800 g / 10 min, less than or equal to about 700 g / 10 min, or less than or equal to about 600 g / 10 min, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. For example, the PPS can have a melt flow rate of from about 100 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min, from about 200 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min, from about 300 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min, from about 400 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min, from about 500 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min, from about 600 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min, from about 100 g / 10 min to about 900 g / 10 min, from about 200 g / 10 min to about 900 g / 10 min, from about 300 g / 10 min to about 900 g / 10 min, from about 400 g / 10 min to about 900 g / 10 min, from about 500 g / 10 min to about 900 g / 10 min, from about 600 g / 10 min to about 900 g / 10 min, from about 100 g / 10 min to about 800 g / 10 min, from about 200 g / 10 min to about 800 g / 10 min, from about 300 g / 10 min to about 800 g / 10 min, from about 400 g / 10 min to about 800 g / 10 min, from about 500 g / 10 min to about 800 g / 10 min, from about 600 g / 10 min to about 800 g / 10 min, from about 100 g / 10 min to about 700 g / 10 min, from about 200 g / 10 min to about 700 g / 10 min, from about 300 g / 10 min to about 700 g / 10 min, from about 400 g / 10 min to about 700 g / 10 min, from about 500 g / 10 min to about 700 g / 10 min, or from about 600 g / 10 min to about 700 g / 10 min, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0045] In any of the aspects described herein, the PPS is included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of at least about 20 wt. %, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer. The PPS can be included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of greater than or equal to about 25 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 28 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 30 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 35 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 38 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 40 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 45 wt. %, or even greater than or equal to about 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. In any of the aspects, the PPS can be included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of less than or equal to about 60 wt. %, less than or equal to about 55 wt. %, less than or equal to about 50 wt. %, less than or equal to about 45 wt. %, less than or equal to about 40 wt. %, less than or equal to about 35 wt. %, or even less than or equal to about 30 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. For example, the thermoplastic layer can include PPS in an amount of from about 20 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 50 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 50 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, or even from about 25 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0046] In any of the aspects provided herein, the thermoplastic resin may further comprise one or more polymers in addition to the PPS. For example, the thermoplastic resin may further include high temperature polyamide, polyester, Syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) , polycyclohexylendimethylene terephthalate (PCT) , liquid crystal polymers (LCP) , polyphenylene ether (PPE) , polyphenylene oxide-polystyrene blends, polyetherimide (PEI) , polyetheretherketone (PEEK) , poly ether sulphone (PES) , and combinations thereof.
[0047] When included, the additional polymer can be present in the thermoplastic resin in an amount of from about 1 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer. For example, in any of the aspects described herein, the additional polymer can be included in an amount of from about 5 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 30 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 25 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 25 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 25 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 25 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 25 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 20 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 20 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 20 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 20 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 15 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 15 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 15 wt. %, from about 1 wt. %to about 10 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 10 wt. %, or even from 1 wt. %to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, including any and all ranges and subranges including these endpoints.
[0048] Filler Component
[0049] The thermoplastic layer 102 also includes a filler component. In various aspects, the filler component includes glass fiber filler. The glass fiber filler can include continuous or chopped glass fibers, and the glass fiber can be selected from E-glass, S-glass, AR-glass, T-glass, D-glass, E-CR glass, H-glass, and R-glass. In any of the aspects disclosed herein, the glass fiber filler can comprise glass fibers in the form of chopped strands having a length of from about 0.3 mm to about 10 cm in length. The glass fibers can have a round (e.g., circular) , flat, or irregular cross-section, and can have a diameter of from about 1 μm to about 15 μm. Commercially available glass fibers that are suitable include, by way of example and not limitation, CS 910A-10P chopped glass fibers (having an average diameter of 10-11 μm and a length of about 4 mm) available from Owens Corning, Inc.
[0050] According to any one or more of the aspects, the glass fiber filler is included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of at least about 12 wt. %, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer. In any of the aspects, the glass fiber filler is included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount greater than or equal to about 12 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 15 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 20 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 25 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 30 wt. %, or greater than or equal to about 35 wt. %, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer. In any of the aspects disclosed herein, the glass fiber filler is included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of less than or equal to about 80 wt. %, less than or equal to about 75 wt. %, less than or equal to about 70 wt. %, less than or equal to about 65 wt. %, less than or equal to about 60 wt. %, less than or equal to about 55 wt. %, less than or equal to about 50 wt. %, less than or equal to about 45 wt. %, less than or equal to about 40 wt. %, less than or equal to about 35 wt. %, less than or equal to about 30 wt. %, less than or equal to about 25 wt. %, or less than or equal to about 20 wt. %, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer. For example, the glass fiber filler can be included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of from about 12 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 65 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 12 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 65 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 65 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 65 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 65 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 35 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 65 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, or even from about 35 wt. %to about 40 wt. %, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0051] In any of the aspects described herein, the filler component may optionally include one or more secondary fillers. When included, the secondary filler can be selected from the group consisting of ceramic filler, glass beads, talc, and combinations thereof. Suitable ceramic fillers may include ceramic titanates and organic piezoelectric materials. The ceramic fillers may have a high dielectric constant, for example, from about 50 to about 5,000. Examples of suitable ceramic fillers may include, by way of example and not limitation, piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) , barium titanate (BaTiO3) , lead niobium titanate (PNT) , lead scandium niobium titanate (PSNT) , lead metaniobate, lead titanate, bismuth scandate (BiScO3) , bismuth sodium niobate (BNT) , potassium lithium sodium niobate, hydroxyapatite, lithium sulfate monohydrate, sodium bismuth titanate, quartz, magnesium calcium titanate, copper calcium titanate, titanium dioxide (TiO2) , calcium titanate (CaTiO3) , magnesium titanate (MgTiO3) , strontium titanate (SrTiO3) , barium strontium titanate (BaSrTiO3) , aluminum oxide (Al2O3) , silicon oxide (SiO2) , and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the secondary filler is a ceramic filler selected from the group consisting of TiO2, BaTiO3, CaTiO3, MgTiO3, SrTiO3, BaSrTiO3, Al2O3, SiO2, and combinations thereof.
[0052] When included, the secondary filler may be present in an amount of less than or equal to about 70 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. For example, the secondary filler may be included in an amount of less than or equal to about 68 wt. %, less than or equal to about 60 wt. %, less than or equal to about 55 wt. %, less than or equal to about 50 wt. %, less than or equal to about 45 wt. %, or less than or equal to about 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. The secondary filler may be included in an amount greater than 0 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 2 wt. %, about 5 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 10 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 15 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 20 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 25 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 30 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 35 wt. %, greater than or equal to about 40 wt. %, or greater than or equal to about 45 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. For example, the secondary filler can be included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of from greater than 0 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 55 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 50 wt. %, from about 5 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 10 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 15 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 20 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 25 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, or from about 40 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. However, it should be understood that the inclusion of a secondary filler is optional and, accordingly, the secondary filler may not be included in any of the aspects described herein.
[0053] In any of the aspects provided, the filler component (including the glass fiber and the secondary filler, if any) can be included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of from about 30 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. For example, the filler component can be included in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of from about 35 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 50 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 55 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 60 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 65 wt. %to about 80 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 50 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 55 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 60 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 65 wt. %to about 75 wt. %, from about 30 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 35 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 40 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 45 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 50 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 55 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, from about 60 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, or from about 65 wt. %to about 70 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0054] Additives
[0055] The thermoplastic layer 102 may further include one or more additives in any of the aspects described herein. In aspects, the thermoplastic layer can include one or more additives selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants, lubricants, light stabilizers, mold release agents, colorants, and combinations thereof. Other additives, such as flame retardants, reducing agents, crosslink agent, adhesion improvers, UV absorbers, brighteners, and the like, may be incorporated depending on the particular aspect and application. It should be appreciated, however, that the inclusion of one or more additives is optional and, accordingly, the thermoplastic layer may not include additives.
[0056] Anti-oxidants included in the thermoplastic layer can include, by way of example and not limitation, organophosphites, alkylated monophenols or polyphenols, alkylated reaction products of polyphenols with dienes, alkylated hydroquinones, hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ether, alkylidene-bisphenols, benzyl compounds, or other anti-oxidants that are known and used in thermoplastic compositions or CCLs.
[0057] Lubricants and mold release agents can include, by way of example and not limitation, metal stearates, stearyl stearates, waxes (e.g., beeswax, montan wax, paraffin wax) , surfactants, fatty acid esters, and combinations thereof. Other lubricants and mold release agents are possible and contemplated, and can be selected based on the particular ingredients in the thermoplastic layer or application.
[0058] Light stabilizers can also be optionally included in the thermoplastic layer of any of the aspects described herein. Suitable light stabilizers can include, by way of example and not limitation, benzotriazoles. Other light stabilizers known and used in the art can be incorporated in any of the aspects herein. In aspects including a colorant, the colorant can include, for example, pigments and dyes that are operable to impart a color to the thermoplastic layer.
[0059] When present, the additives are present in the thermoplastic layer in an amount of from greater than 0 wt. %to about 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer. For example, the total amount of additive included in the thermoplastic layer can be from greater than 0 wt. %to about 2 wt. %, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 1.5 wt. %, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 1 wt. %, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 0.75 wt. %, from greater than 0 wt. %to about to about 0.5 wt. %, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 0.25 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. %to about 2 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. %to about 1.5 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. %to about 1 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. %to about 0.75 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. %to about 0.5 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. %to about 0.25 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. %to about 2 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. %to about 1.5 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. %to about 1 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. %to about 0.75 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. %to about 0.5 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. %to about 0.25 wt. %, from about 0.15 wt. %to about 2 wt. %, from about 0.15 wt. %to about 1.5 wt. %, from about 0.15 wt. %to about 1 wt. %, from about 0.15 wt. %to about 0.75 wt. %, from about 0.15 wt. %to about 0.5 wt. %, from about 0.15 wt. %to about 0.25 wt. %, from about 0.2 wt. %to about 2 wt. %, from about 0.2 wt. %to about 1.5 wt. %, from about 0.2 wt. %to about 1 wt. %, from about 0.2 wt. %to about 0.75 wt. %, or from about 0.2 wt. %to about 0.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0060] Manufacture
[0061] In any of the aspects described herein, the thermoplastic layer 102 can be formed by compounding or otherwise combining the PPS, the filler component (s) , and, optionally, the one or more additives to produce a thermoplastic composition. The thermoplastic composition can be formed into a thermoplastic layer 102 by injection molding, extrusion, or any other suitable method of forming a thermoplastic layer. In aspects, the particular method of manufacturing the thermoplastic layer can vary depending on the components included in the thermoplastic composition and the desired final properties of the thermoplastic layer. For example, injection molding can be used to manufacture a thin thermoplastic layer that has a limited size and thickness, but can require the use of high flow materials. As another example, extrusion can be used to manufacture the thermoplastic layer in a wide variety of sizes and thicknesses, including very large sheets, but can require an extrusion capable material. In any of the aspects described herein, the method of manufacturing the thermoplastic layer is sufficient to produce a thermoplastic layer having a thickness of less than about 1 mm.
[0062] In any of the aspects described herein, one or more thermoplastic layers 102 can be included in the CCL. For example, one, two, three, four, or more thermoplastic layers can be included in the CCL. The exemplary CCL 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes two thermoplastic layers 102, although it should be understood that in any of the aspects described herein, one or more thermoplastic layers can be included.
[0063] Reinforcement Layer
[0064] In various aspects provided herein, the CCL 100 also includes at least one reinforcement layer 104. The reinforcement layer 104 may include, for example, special paper, or glass or polymeric fibers, cloths or fabrics. The reinforcement layer can be a sheet-shaped reinforcing substrate in the form of a woven or non-woven fabric, roving, chopped strand mat, or the like. Fibers can include organic fibers such as aramid, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol polyester, tetrafluoroethylene, acrylic, and combinations thereof. Cellulose or glass fibers can additionally or alternatively be included in the reinforcement layer. In any of the aspects, the reinforcement layer may comprise a pre-preg layer, such as pre-preg layers utilized in conventional CCLs.
[0065] The reinforcement layer 104 can have a thickness of from about 0.01 mm to about 0.5 mm, including from about 0.02 mm to about 0.3 mm or from about 0.05 mm to about 0.2 mm, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. The thickness of the reinforcement layer can depend, for example, on the moldability and other properties of the CCL.
[0066] In any of the aspects described herein, one or more reinforcement layers 104 can be included in the CCL. For example, one, two, three, four, or more reinforcement layers can be included in the CCL. The exemplary CCL 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes four reinforcement layers 104, although it should be understood that in any of the aspects described herein, one or more reinforcement layers can be included. Additionally or alternatively, in any of the aspects, the reinforcement layer may be optional and may be excluded from the CCL.
[0067] Copper Foil Layer
[0068] As described above, the CCL 100 further includes at least one copper foil layer 106. The copper foil layer 106 can be, for example, electrodeposited copper or rolled copper. The copper foil layer may, in some aspects, be surface treated to improve one or more properties, including heat resistance, weather resistance, or the like. Other surface treatments can include surface roughening, silane-coupling treatment, or the like.
[0069] In any of the aspects provided herein, the copper foil layer 106 may have a thickness of from about 1 μm to about 120 μm, including from about 20 μm to about 120 μm, from about 2 μm to about 60 μm, or even from about 3 μm to about 40 μm, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. In some aspects, the copper foil layer has a thickness of less than about 35 μm, less than about 20 μm, or less than about 15 μm, depending on the particular application.
[0070] In any of the aspects described herein, one or more copper foil layers 106 can be included in the CCL. For example, one, two, three, four, or more copper foil layers can be included in the CCL. The exemplary CCL 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes three copper foil layers 106, although it should be understood that in any of the aspects described herein, one or more copper foil layers can be included.
[0071] Properties and Articles
[0072] As described hereinabove, in various aspects, the thermoplastic layer can be extruded or injection molded in the form of a large sheet. Accordingly, in various aspects provided herein, the CCL can have a width of greater than or equal to about 150 mm. For example, the CCL may have a width of greater than or equal to about 150 mm, greater than or equal to about 175 mm, greater than or equal to about 200 mm, greater than or equal to about 225 mm, greater than or equal to about 250 mm, greater than or equal to about 275 mm, greater than or equal to about 300 mm, greater than or equal to about 325 mm, or even greater than or equal to about 350 mm, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. In some aspects, the CCL may have a length of greater than or equal to about 115 mm, greater than or equal to about 125 mm, greater than or equal to about 150 mm, greater than or equal to about 175 mm, greater than or equal to about 200 mm, greater than or equal to about 225 mm, greater than or equal to about 250 mm, greater than or equal to about 275 mm, greater than or equal to about 300 mm, greater than or equal to about 325 mm, or even greater than or equal to about 350 mm, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. In some aspects, the CCL has a width of greater than or equal to about 150 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 115 mm, a width of greater than or equal to about 200 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 400 mm, a width of greater than or equal to about 200 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 450 mm, a width of greater than or equal to about 300 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 300 mm, or even a width of greater than or equal to about 350 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 350 mm. Such large format sheets have heretofore been difficult to realize because of sintering, activation, cost, and poor adhesion between the core and copper layers. However, the thermoplastic layers described herein may be manufactured from materials that enable techniques such as injection molding and extrusion to be used in forming the thermoplastic layers while providing improved adhesion between the thermoplastic layer and the copper foil layer.
[0073] In various aspects, at least one major surface of the CCL (e.g., a top surface of the CCL) has a surface area of greater than or equal to about 170 cm2, greater than or equal to about 180 cm2, greater than or equal to about 190 cm2, greater than or equal to about 200 cm2, greater than or equal to about 215 cm2, greater than or equal to about 225 cm2, greater than or equal to about 250 cm2, greater than or equal to about 275 cm2, greater than or equal to about 300 cm2, greater than or equal to about 350 cm2, greater than or equal to about 400 cm2, greater than or equal to about 450 cm2, greater than or equal to about 500 cm2, greater than or equal to about 550 cm2, greater than or equal to about 600 cm2, greater than or equal to about 650 cm2, greater than or equal to about 700 cm2, greater than or equal to about 750 cm2, greater than or equal to about 800 cm2, greater than or equal to about 850 cm2, greater than or equal to about 900 cm2, greater than or equal to about 950 cm2, greater than or equal to about 1,000 cm2, greater than or equal to about 1, 200 cm2, or even greater than or equal to about 1,500 cm2, including any and all ranges and subranges therebetween, including any of these endpoints.
[0074] In any of the aspects provided herein, the thickness of the CCL may be less than or equal to about 5 mm, less than or equal to about 4.5 mm, less than or equal to about 4 mm, less than or equal to about 3.5 mm, less than or equal to about 3 mm, less than or equal to about 2.5 mm, less than or equal to about 2 mm, less than or equal to about 1.5 mm, or even less than or equal to about 1 mm, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0075] In any of the aspects described herein, the thermoplastic layer has a dielectric constant at 2.5 GHz of greater than about 4.0. In aspects, the dielectric constant is measured at 2.5 GHz or less at a temperature of about 23 ℃ using a split post dielectric resonator (SPDR) . For example, the thermoplastic layer may have a dielectric constant at 2.5 GHz of greater than about 4.5, greater than about 5.0, greater than about 5.5, greater than about 6.0, greater than about 6.5, greater than about 7.0, greater than about 7.5, greater than about 8.0, greater than about 8.5, greater than about 9.0, greater than about 9.5, or even greater than about 10.0. In aspects, the thermoplastic layer has a dielectric constant at 2.5GHz of from about 4.0 to about 20.0, from about 4.0 to about 18.0, from about 4.0 to about 16.0, from about 4.0 to about 12.0, from about 4.0 to about 10.0, from about 4.0 to about 8.0, from about 6.0 to about 20.0, from about 6.0 to about 18.0, from about 6.0 to about 16.0, from about 6.0 to about 12.0, from about 6.0 to about 10.0, from about 8.0 to about 20.0, from about 8.0 to about 18.0, from about 8.0 to about 16.0, from about 8.0 to about 12.0, or from about 8.0 to about 10.0, including any ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0076] In any of the aspects described herein, the thermoplastic layer has a dielectric loss tangent at 2.5 GHz of less than about 0.0050. In aspects, the dielectric loss tangent is measured at 2.5 GHz or less at a temperature of about 23 ℃ using a split post dielectric resonator (SPDR) . For example, the thermoplastic layer may have a dielectric loss tangent at 2.5 GHz of less than about 0.0049, less than about 0.0048, less than about 0.0047, less than about 0.0046, less than about 0.0045, less than about 0.0044, less than about 0.0043, less than about 0.0042, less than about 0.0041, less than about 0.0040, less than about 0.0039, less than about 0.0038, less than about 0.0037, or even less than about 0.0036, including any ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. In some aspects, the thermoplastic layer has a dielectric loss tangent at 2.5 GHz of from about 0.0030 to about 0.0050, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0049, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0048, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0047, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0046, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0045, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0044, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0043, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0042, from about 0.0030 to about 0.0041, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0050, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0049, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0048, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0047, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0046, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0045, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0044, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0043, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0042, from about 0.0032 to about 0.0041, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0050, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0049, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0048, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0047, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0046, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0045, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0044, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0043, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0042, from about 0.0034 to about 0.0041, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0050, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0049, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0048, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0047, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0046, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0045, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0044, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0043, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0042, from about 0.0038 to about 0.0041, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0050, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0049, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0048, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0047, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0046, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0045, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0044, from about 0.0040 to about 0.0043, or from about 0.0040 to about 0.0042, including any ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0077] In aspects, the thermoplastic layer has a flexural strength of greater than or equal to about 60 MPa as measured in accordance with ASTM D790 (Test 1) at 23 ℃ using a flexural bar and a specimen having a depth of 3.2 mm. For example, the thermoplastic layer may have a flexural strength of greater than or equal to about 65 MPa, greater than or equal to about 75 MPa, greater than or equal to about 85 MPa, greater than or equal to about 95 MPa, greater than or equal to about 105 MPa, greater than or equal to about 115 MPa, greater than or equal to about 125 MPa, greater than or equal to about 135 MPa, greater than or equal to about 145 MPa, greater than or equal to about 165 MPa, greater than or equal to about 185 MPa, greater than or equal to about 205 MPa, or even greater than or equal to about 225 MPa. In aspects, the thermoplastic layer may have a flexural strength of from about 60 MPa to about 350 MPa, from about 60 MPa to about 275 MPa, from about 60 MPa to about 250 MPa, from about 60 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 60 MPa to about 175 MPa, from about 60 MPa to about 150 MPa, from about 75 MPa to about 350 MPa, from about 75 MPa to about 275 MPa, from about 75 MPa to about 250 MPa, from about 75 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 75 MPa to about 175 MPa, from about 75 MPa to about 150 MPa, from about 100 MPa to about 350 MPa, from about 100 MPa to about 275 MPa, from about 100 MPa to about 250 MPa, from about 100 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 100 MPa to about 175 MPa, from about 100 MPa to about 150 MPa, from about 125 MPa to about 350 MPa, from about 125 MPa to about 275 MPa, from about 125 MPa to about 250 MPa, from about 125 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 125 MPa to about 175 MPa, or from about 125 MPa to about 150 MPa, including any ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0078] In any of the aspects herein, the thermoplastic layer may exhibit a surface resistivity of greater than or equal to about 1.0E13 Ω. In various aspects, the thermoplastic layer may exhibit a heat deflection temperature (HDT) of greater than or equal to about 250 ℃, such as from about 250 ℃ to about 300 ℃, from about 260 ℃ to about 300 ℃, from about 275 ℃ to about 300 ℃, from about 250 ℃ to about 290 ℃, from about 260 ℃ to about 290 ℃, from about 275 ℃ to about 290 ℃, from about 250 ℃ to about 280 ℃, from about 260 ℃ to about 280 ℃, or from about 275 ℃ to about 280 ℃, including any ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints, when measured in accordance with ASTM D648 at 0.45 MPa. The thermoplastic layer in any of the aspects described herein may further exhibit a flame retardancy of at least V-0 when measured according to the UL94 method at 1.0 mm.
[0079] In aspects, the thermoplastic layer may exhibit a notched Izod impact (NII) of greater than or equal to about 20 J / m, greater than or equal to about 25 J / m, greater than or equal to about 30 J / m, greater than or equal to about 35 J / m, or even greater than or equal to about 40 J / m, when measured according to ASTM D256 at 23 ℃. For example, the thermoplastic layer may exhibit an NII of from about 20 J / m to about 70 J / m, from about 25 J / m to about 68 J / m, or from about 30 J / m to about 65 J / m, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints. In aspects, the thermoplastic layer may exhibit an unnotched Izod impact (UNII) of greater than or equal to about 75 J / m, greater than or equal to about 100 J / m, greater than or equal to about 125 J / m, greater than or equal to about 150 J / m, greater than or equal to about 175 J / m, greater than or equal to about 200 J / m, greater than or equal to about 225 J / m, greater than or equal to about 250 J / m, greater than or equal to about 275 J / m, greater than or equal to about 300 J / m, greater than or equal to about 325 J / m, or even greater than or equal to about 350 J / m, when measured according to ASTM D256 at 23 ℃. For example, the thermoplastic layer may exhibit a UNII of from about 75 J / m to about 600 J / m, from about 100 J / m to about 575 J / m, from about 125 J / m to about 550 J / m, from about 150 J / m to about 525 J / m, from about 175 J / m to about 500 J / m, from about 200 J / m to about 475 J / m, from about 225 J / m to about 450 J / m, from about 250 J / m to about 425 J / m, from about 275 J / m to about 400 J / m, or even from about 300 J / m to about 375 J / m, including any and all ranges and subranges including any of these endpoints.
[0080] Methods of Making
[0081] FIG. 2 is an exemplary flow diagram of a process 200 for making a CCL, such as CCL 100. As described hereinabove, in any of the aspects described herein, the thermoplastic layer can be formed in a forming step 202 by compounding or otherwise combining the PPS, the filler component, and, optionally, the one or more additives to produce a thermoplastic composition. The thermoplastic composition can be formed into the thermoplastic layer by injection molding, extrusion, or any other suitable method of forming a thermoplastic layer. In various aspects, the thermoplastic layer is incorporated into a CCL.
[0082] To manufacture a CCL including the thermoplastic layer of any of the aspects provided herein, a first copper foil layer, a first reinforcing layer, and the thermoplastic layer are layed up (step 204) , in order, to form a stack. In aspects, additional layers, such as a second reinforcing layer and a second copper foil layer, are included in the stack. In aspects herein, the stack includes a copper foil layer as at least one of the outermost layers of the stack. In aspects herein, the stack includes a copper foil layer as both of the outermost layers of the stack.
[0083] Next, the stack is laminated by application of heat and pressure for a time sufficient to form the CCL (step 206) . For example, the stack may be laminated by heating the stack to a temperature of from about 150 ℃ to about 300 ℃. In aspects, the stack may be laminated by applying a pressure of from about 0.1 MPa to about 4.0 MPa. In any of the aspects disclosed herein, the stack may be laminated by applying the heat and pressure for a duration of from about 1 minute to about 30 minutes. It should be appreciated that the specific duration, pressure, and temperature of the lamination process may vary depending on, for example, the number of layers in the stack and the particular materials incorporated in each of the layers.
[0084] The lamination process may be carried out under a vacuum in order to remove oxygen. The removal of oxygen during the lamination process can reduce or even prevent high temperature thermal oxygen aging during the manufacturing process.
[0085] In any of the aspects disclosed herein, the CCL may be further processed for inclusion in a printed circuit board (PCB) . Accordingly, the CCL may be scrubbed (step 208) , etched (step 210) , soldered (step 212) , drilled (step 214) , subjected to finishing processes (step 216) or otherwise processed into a PCB. Such processing can be carried out in accordance with conventional PCB manufacturing processes.
[0086] The general inventive concepts have been described above both generally and with regard to various specific aspects. Although the general inventive concepts have been set forth in what are believed to be exemplary illustrative aspects, a wide variety of alternatives will be apparent to those of skill in the art from reading this disclosure. The general inventive concepts are not otherwise limited, except for those instances when presented in specific claims.
[0087] EXAMPLE
[0088] The following examples are included for the purposes of illustration, and does not limit the scope of the general inventive concepts described herein.
[0089] Seven exemplary thermoplastic layers (E1-E7) and two comparative example thermoplastic layers (C1-C2) were formed from the materials provided in Table 1 below.
[0090] Table 1.
[0091] The PPS, anti-oxidant, lubricant, and other organic materials were pre-blended at the amounts (wt. %) provided in Table 2 below. This pre-blended powder and other filler (e.g., glass fiber and ceramic and other filler) were fed to a twin-screw extruder and extruded to form an extrudate. The extrudate was cooled by a water bath or conveyor belt prior to pelletizing. The pellets were then dried in a dehumidifying dryer for 4 hours at 140 ℃. The pellets were shaped into a sheet having a dimension of 200 mm x 450 mm x 1 mm using injection molding.
[0092] Dielectric properties (e.g., Dk and Df) were measured using SPDR at 2.5 GHz and 23 ℃. Izod impact properties (e.g., NII and UNII) were measured in accordance with ASTM D256 at 23 ℃ and are reported in Table 2 in joules per meter (J / m) . Flexural properties (e.g., flexural strength and flexural modulus) were measured in accordance with ASTM D790 at 23 ℃ and 3.2 mm using a flexural bar and are reported in Table 2 in megapascals (MPa) . Flame retardancy was measured in accordance with UL94 at 23 ℃ and 1.0 mm and is reported in Table 2 on a scale of V-0 to V-2, where V-0 indicates that the burning stops within 10 seconds after two applications of 10 seconds each of a flame to a test bar, t1 and t2 are less than 10 seconds, total after flame time (t1 plus t2 for the 5 specimen) is less than 50 seconds and no flaming drips are present, V-1 indicates that the burning stops within 60 seconds after two applications of 10 seconds each of a flame to a test bar, t1 and t2 are less than 30 seconds, total after flame time (t1 plus t2 for the 5 specimen) is less than 250 seconds and no flaming drips are present, and V-2 indicates that the burning stops within 30 seconds after two applications of 10 seconds each of a flame to a test bar, t1 and t2 are less than 30 seconds, total after flame time (t1 plus t2 for the 5 specimen) is less than 250 seconds and flaming drips may be present. Surface resistivity was measured in accordance with IPC-TM-650 2.5.17.1 and is reported in Table 2 in ohms (Ω) . Heat deflection temperature was measured in accordance with when measured in accordance with ASTM D648 at 0.45 MPa and is reported in Table 2 in ℃.
[0093] Table 2
[0094] Example E1, which included PPS with glass fiber and a mineral solution demonstrated good mechanical properties and dielectric properties, flame retardancy and insulation, and good bonding strength between the thermoplastic layer and the copper foil layer. To further increase the dielectric constant Dk, a high dielectric filler (e.g., TiO2, BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and BST) were added into the matrix to formulate Examples E2-E7.
[0095] As demonstrated by Example E2, the incorporation of 52.3 wt. %SrTiO3 and 20 wt. %glass fiber into the matrix provided a dielectric constant Dk of 9.77 and a dielectric loss Df of 0.0043 at 2.5 GHz. Example E2 also showed mechanical properties sufficient for further processing into a CCL along with good electric properties and bonding strength. However, further increasing the amount of SrTiO3 to 66 wt. %and decreasing the amount of glass fiber to 10 wt. % (Comparative Example C2) increased the dielectric properties, but the mechanical properties and heat resistance dropped, which may indicate cracking and deflection during lamination and assembly into a CCL and / or PCB.
[0096] Including 66 wt. %BST and 12 wt. %glass fiber in the matrix (Example E3) resulted in a material having a very high dielectric constant Dk (15.16) and a very low dielectric loss Df (0.0049) . Example E4, which included 42 wt. %BaTiO3 and 30 wt. %glass fiber also had a very high dielectric constant Dk (7.56) and a very low dielectric loss Df (0.0041) , along with increased mechanical properties.
[0097] Additionally, Comparative Example C1 demonstrates that the more TiO2, the higher the dielectric constant, but a low heat resistance and mechanical properties. The combination of low heat resistance and low mechanical properties can lead to crack and deflection during lamination and assembly processes. However, as shown by Examples E5-E7, glass fiber can be used to balance the heat resistance and mechanical properties in the thermoplastic layer.
[0098] Every document cited herein is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless otherwise specified. The citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
[0099] It will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure defined in the appended claims. More specifically, although some aspects of the present disclosure are identified herein as preferred or particularly advantageous, it is contemplated that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to these aspects.
Claims
1.A process for manufacturing a copper-clad laminate comprising:forming a thermoplastic layer comprising:at least 20 wt. %of polyphenylene sulfide, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer, the polyphenylene sulfide having a melt flow rate (MFR) of from about 100 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min; andfrom 30 wt. %to 80 wt. %of a filler component, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, comprising:at least 12 wt. %glass fiber, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer; andoptionally, a secondary filler;laying up, in order, a first copper foil layer, a first reinforcing layer, the thermoplastic layer, a second reinforcing layer, and a second copper foil layer to form a stack;laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure for a time sufficient to form the copper-clad laminate,wherein the copper-clad laminate has a width of greater than or equal to about 150 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 115 mm.2.The process according to claim 1, wherein laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure comprises heating the stack to a temperature of from about 150 ℃ to about 300 ℃.3.The process according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure comprises applying a pressure of from about 0.1 MPa to about 4.0 MPa.4.The process according to any preceding claim, wherein laminating the stack by application of heat and pressure for a time sufficient to form the copper-clad laminate comprises application of heat and pressure for a duration of from about 1 minute to about 30 minutes.5.The process according to any preceding claim, wherein forming the thermoplastic layer comprises forming the thermoplastic layer by injection molding.6.The process according to any preceding claim, wherein forming the thermoplastic layer comprises extruding the thermoplastic layer.7.The process according to any preceding claim, wherein the copper-clad laminate has a surface area of greater than or equal to about 225 cm2.8.The process according to any preceding claim, wherein the thermoplastic layer has a thickness of less than about 1 mm.9.The process according to any preceding claim, wherein the copper-clad laminate has a width of greater than or equal to about 300 mm and a length of greater than or equal to about 300 mm.10.The process according to any preceding claim, wherein the copper-clad laminate has a thickness of less than about 3 mm.11.A copper-clad laminate comprising:a thermoplastic layer comprising:at least 20 wt. %of polyphenylene sulfide, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic layer, the polyphenylene sulfide having a melt flow rate (MFR) of from about 100 g / 10 min to about 1,000 g / 10 min;from 30 wt. %to 80 wt. %of a filler component, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, wherein the filler component comprises at least 12 wt. %glass fiber, and, optionally, a secondary filler selected from the group consisting of ceramic filler, glass beads, talc, and combinations thereof; andoptionally, from greater than 0 wt. %to about 2 wt. %of an additive, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer, the additive selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants, lubricants, light stabilizers, mold release agents, colorants, and combinations thereof;a reinforcing layer, wherein a first side of the reinforcing layer is in contact with a first side of the thermoplastic layer; anda copper foil layer in contact with a second side of the reinforcing layer opposite the first side;wherein the thermoplastic layer has a dielectric constant at 2.5 GHz of greater than 4.0, a dielectric loss at 2.5 GHz of less than about 0.005 under 2.5 GHz, and a flexural strength of greater than about 60 MPa.12.The copper-clad laminate of claim 11, wherein the thermoplastic layer has a heat resistance of greater than or equal to about 250 ℃ at 0.45 MPa.13.The copper-clad laminate of claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the thermoplastic layer has a surface resistivity of greater than or equal to 1.0 E13 ohms.14.The copper-clad laminate of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the polyphenylene sulfide component is present in an amount of from at least about 20 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic laminate.15.The copper-clad laminate of any one of claims 11-14, wherein the secondary filler is a ceramic filler selected from the group consisting of TiO2, BaTiO3, CaTiO3, MgTiO3, SrTiO3, BaSrTiO3, Al2O3, SiO2, and combinations thereof.16.The copper-clad laminate of any one of claims 11-15, wherein the glass fibers are present in an amount of from at least 12 wt. %to about 45 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer.17.The copper-clad laminate of any one of claims 11-16, wherein the secondary filler is present in an amount of from about 30 wt. %to about 68 wt. %, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic layer.18.The copper-clad laminate of any one of claims 11-17, wherein the thermoplastic layer is a first thermoplastic layer, the reinforcement layer is a first reinforcement layer, and the copper foil layer is a first copper foil layer, and wherein the copper-clad laminate comprises the following layers, in order:the first copper foil layer;the first reinforcement layer;the first thermoplastic layer;a second reinforcement layer;a second copper foil layer;a third reinforcement layer;a second thermoplastic layer;a fourth reinforcement layer; anda third copper foil layer.
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