Composition comprising an aliphatic acid or salt thereof, an antioxidant, a specific compound such as betaine and at least one pyridine derivative

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one specific agent as defined hereinbelow, at least one antioxidant, at least one compound of formula (I), and at least one pyridine derivative and / or solvate(s) thereof, such as hydrates. The invention additionally relates to a method for cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, comprising at least one application to said keratin materials of at least the composition as defined above. The present invention also relates to the use of said composition for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, preferably for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff, especially that caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia.

Description

[0001]DESCRIPTION TITLE: Composition comprising at least one specific agent, at least one antioxidant, at least one specific compound, and at least one pyridine derivative 5 The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one specific agent as defined hereinbelow, at least one antioxidant, at least one compound of formula (I), and at least one pyridine derivative and / or solvate(s) thereof, such as hydrates. The invention additionally relates to a method for cosmetic treatment of 10 keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, comprising at least one application to said keratin materials of at least the composition as defined above. The present invention also relates to the use of said composition for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such 15 as the scalp and hair, preferably for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff, especially that caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia. Technical field The appearance of dandruff, corresponding to a desquamative disorder of the 20 scalp, is generally troublesome aesthetically and can be uncomfortable in a number of ways (itching, stinging, discomfort, redness, etc.). Dandruff corresponds to excessive and visible desquamation of the scalp resulting from excessively rapid multiplication of the epidermal cells. This phenomenon can be caused in particular by microtraumas of a physical or chemical 25 nature, such as excessively aggressive hair treatments, extreme climatic conditions, nervousness, diet, fatigue and pollution, but it has been demonstrated that dandruff conditions most often result from a disorder of the scalp microflora and more particularly from excessive colonization by a yeast belonging to the family of yeasts of the genus Malassezia (formerly known as Pityrosporum ovale) that is naturally 30 present on the scalp. To control dandruff, it is common practice to use antifungal agents applied topically to the scalp. The antifungal action of these agents is intended to eliminate or control the multiplication of a yeast resident on the scalp belonging to the genus Malassezia and variants thereof, for example Malassezia ovalis, Malassezia 35 orbiculare, Malassezia fufur, Malassezia globosa, etc.). The antifungal agents include in particular zinc pyrithione, piroctone olamine and selenium disulfide. However, such antifungal agents have the drawback of not being wholly satisfactory, particularly in terms of efficacy (either upon application and / or in the long term), and can in some cases disrupt the physiological equilibrium 5 of the skin microbiome. There therefore exists a real need to provide a composition designed for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, that does not have the drawbacks mentioned above, i.e. a composition capable of effectively treating dandruff conditions, especially those 10 associated with the proliferation of yeasts of the genus Malassezia, without causing a physiological imbalance in the microbiome. In other words, a particular aim of the present invention is to provide a composition capable of effectively preventing and / or treating scalp dandruff, especially dandruff caused by yeast of the genus Malassezia, and of restoring the 15 physiological equilibrium of the microbiome. Especially, one of the goals of the present invention is to provide a composition leading to head of hair retaining a clean appearance after application, even one or even two days after application. 20 Disclosure of the invention The present invention thus provides a composition comprising: a) at least one agent selected from acids comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms and salts thereof; 25 b) at least one antioxidant, in the total content ranging from 0.1% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, c) at least one compound of the formula (I) below: (R1)(R2)(R3)m A+-CR4R5-(X)n-Y- (I) 30 in which formula (I) R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C2 alkyl group, more preferably a C1 alkyl group, 35 A represents a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, m = 0 or 1, n = 0 or 1, X is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated divalent alkyl group (also termed an alkylene) having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) groups; Y- represents the group -COO- or OSO3-; it being understood that: when A represents a sulfur atom, then m = 0 and R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched and / or cyclic C1-C10, preferably C1-C6, more preferably C1- C4, hydrocarbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from the following groups: -S-, -N=, -NH-, or -C(NH)-, and / or optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), -SH, -COOH and -CONH2, when A represents a nitrogen atom and m = 0, then R4 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C8 alkyl group, preferably a saturated, linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, and R5 forms with the nitrogen atom a saturated 5- to 8- membered, preferably 5- to 6-membered, heterocycle, it being possible for the heterocycle to be substituted with one or more groups selected from a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a C1-C4 alkyl group; when A represents a nitrogen atom and m = 1, then R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched and / or cyclic C1-C10, preferably C1-C6, more preferably C1- C4, hydrocarbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from -S-, -N=, -NH- or -C(NH)- and / or optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), -SH, - COOH and -CONH2; d) at least one pyridine derivative and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates. The composition according to the invention overcomes the drawbacks mentioned above, i.e. the composition makes it possible to effectively prevent and / or treat dandruff conditions, especially those associated with the proliferation of yeasts of the genus Malassezia, without causing a physiological imbalance in the microbiome. In other words, the composition according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate and / or reduce and / or prevent, preferably eliminate and / or reduce, the number of dandruff flakes and also the desquamative disorder caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia and variants thereof (and by their metabolites in particular), while leaving the physiological state of the microbiome undisturbed. To put it another way, the composition according to the invention thus makes 5 it possible to prevent excessive colonization of the scalp by yeasts of the genus Malassezia and to effectively treat the desquamative disorder caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia, thereby ensuring the physiological state of the skin microbiome is undisturbed, or better still rebalanced. The composition according to the invention thus has the advantage of having 10 a selective activity on yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or variants thereof and of leaving the “healthy” bacteria of the microbiome undisturbed, thus ensuring the maintenance of the physiological state of the microbiome. The composition according to the invention therefore advantageously has a selective antidandruff activity on yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or variants 15 thereof. The composition according to the invention accordingly makes it possible to maintain or even restore the balance of the microbial flora of the scalp. The composition according to the invention advantageously makes long-term treatment of scalp dandruff possible. 20 The composition according to the invention can advantageously be applied daily; it has been found that hair retains a clean appearance after application, even one or even two days after application. The present invention also provides a method for cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, 25 comprising at least the application to said keratin materials of at least one composition as defined above. The method for the cosmetic treatment of keratin fibres is preferably designed to eliminate, reduce and / or prevent dandruff, especially that caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or their metabolites. 30 The invention also relates to the use of the composition of the invention as defined above for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, preferably for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff. Preferably, the composition according to the invention is used for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff associated with yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or their metabolites. Other subjects, characteristics, aspects and advantages of the invention will 5 become more clearly apparent on reading the description and the example that follows. In the text hereinbelow and unless otherwise indicated, the limits of a range of values are included in that range, especially in the expressions “between” and “ranging from ... to ...”. Moreover, the expression “at least one” used in the present description is 10 equivalent to the expression “one or more”. Similarly, the expression “at least” used in the present description is equivalent to the expression “greater than or equal to”. In addition, the term “colorant” used in the present description is equivalent to the term “colouring agent”. 15 As is well known, a “Cn” or “Cn” compound or group denotes a compound or group containing “n” carbon atoms in its chemical structure. For the purposes of the present invention, “hair” is understood as meaning head hair. This term does not correspond to body hair, the eyebrows or the eyelashes. “Yeast of the genus Malassezia” is understood for the purposes of the present 20 invention as meaning any species or variety of yeast belonging to the genus Malassezia. These include, but are not limited to, the following yeast species: Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Malassezia sympodialis, Malassezia obtuse, Malassezia slooffiae, Malassezia pachydermatis, Malassezia ovalis and Malassezia folliculitis. 25 Composition Agent a) As indicated above, the composition according to the invention comprises a) at least one agent selected from acids comprising at least one linear or branched, 30 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms and salts thereof. Preferably, the acid(s) comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms are selected from propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid and mixtures thereof, more preferably 35 propionic acid. The salts of the acids comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms are preferably selected from alkali metal salts and alkaline-earth metal salts, more preferably from alkali metal salts, better still sodium or potassium salts, even better still sodium salts. 5 The agent a) is advantageously selected from propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof, preferably from salts of propionic acid, preferably from calcium salts, sodium salts, magnesium salts and potassium salts of propionic acid and mixtures thereof, more preferably from sodium propionate. According to a preferred embodiment, the total content of agent(s) a) ranges 10 from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. According to a preferred embodiment, the total content of propionic acid and / or one of the salts thereof ranges from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 15 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. According to a preferred embodiment, the total content of sodium propionate ranges from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by 20 weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. b) Antioxidant As indicated above, the composition according to the invention comprises b) at least one antioxidant. 25 An “antioxidant” is understood for the purposes of the present invention as meaning an agent that slows or prevents the oxidation of other chemical substances coming into contact with it. Preferably, the antioxidant b) is selected from ascorbic acid, salts thereof, derivatives thereof, isomers thereof, and aromatic ketones, alone or as a mixture. 30 Preferably, the aromatic ketone(s) is / are selected from the compounds corresponding to the formula (II) below: in which: - R is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, preferably substituted with one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, amino or thiol groups; - R' is a linear, branched or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl chain 5 comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms. Preferably, in formula (II): - R is an aromatic ring substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, preferably substituted with a single hydroxyl group; - R' is a linear alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 10 from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, amino or thiol groups. Examples of aromatic ketones that are preferred according to the invention include hydroxyacetophenones such as p-hydroxyacetophenone (or 4- hydroxyacetophenone), 2-hydroxyacetophenone, 3-hydroxyacetophenone, alpha- 15 hydroxyacetophenone and mixtures thereof. The antioxidant(s) are advantageously selected from ascorbic acid, salts thereof, derivatives thereof, isomers thereof and mixtures thereof. “Ascorbic acid derivatives” may be understood for the purposes of the present invention as meaning those obtained by blocking at least one hydroxyl site, especially 20 by esterification or etherification with phosphate, sulfate or alkyl compounds, for example. These may especially be ascorbyl magnesium phosphate, ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl glucoside. In other words, ascorbic acid derivatives are selected from the group consisting of ascorbyl magnesium phosphate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl glucoside 25 and mixtures thereof. Among ascorbic acid derivatives, preference is given to using ascorbyl glucoside, which has the formula: Salts of ascorbic acid may be selected from alkali metal salts or alkaline-earth metal salts, preferably alkali metal salts such as the sodium or potassium salts. Preferably, the antioxidant(s) are selected from ascorbic acid, salts thereof and derivatives thereof, hydroxyacetophenones, in particular p-hydroxyacetophenone, and 5 mixtures thereof, preferably from ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof. More preferably, the antioxidant is ascorbyl glucoside. The total content of antioxidant(s) b) ranges from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the 10 composition. The total content of antioxidants selected from ascorbic acid, salts thereof and derivatives thereof, hydroxyacetophenones, in particular p-hydroxyacetophenone, and mixtures thereof, varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% 15 to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The total content of ascorbyl glucoside ranges from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 20 According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises: a) propionic acid and / or a salt thereof, in a total content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total 25 weight of the composition, b) ascorbyl glucoside, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, 30 c) at least one compound of formula (I) as defined below, and d) at least one pyridine derivative and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates. c) Compound of formula (I) As indicated above, the composition according to the invention comprises c) 35 at least one compound of formula (I) below: (R1)(R2)(R3)m A+-CR4R5-(X)n-Y- (I) in which formula (I) R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C2 alkyl group, more preferably a C1 alkyl group, A represents a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, m = 0 or 1, n = 0 or 1, X is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated divalent alkyl group (also termed an alkylene) having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) groups; Y- represents the group -COO- or OSO3-; it being understood that: when A represents a sulfur atom, then m = 0 and R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched and / or cyclic C1-C10, preferably C1-C6, more preferably C1- C4, hydrocarbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from the following groups: -S-, -N=, -NH-, or -C(NH)-, and / or optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), -SH, -COOH, -CONH2, when A represents a nitrogen atom and m = 0, then R4 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C8 alkyl group, preferably a saturated, linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, and R5 forms with the nitrogen atom a saturated 5- to 8- membered, preferably 5- to 6-membered, heterocycle, it being possible for the heterocycle to be substituted with one or more groups selected from a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a C1-C4 alkyl group; when A represents a nitrogen atom and m = 1, then R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched and / or cyclic C1-C10, preferably C1-C6, more preferably C1- C4, hydrocarbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from -S-, -N=, -NH- or -C(NH)- and / or optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), -SH, - COOH and -CONH2. Preferably, the composition comprises one or more compounds of the formula (I) that are a zwitterionic amino acid derivative bearing a quaternary ammonium group and comprising a total of from 1 to 12, better still from 2 to 10, even better still from 3 to 8, carbon atoms. Preferably, the composition comprises one or more compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 and R2 are identical and correspond to methyl. Preferably, the composition comprises one or more compounds of the formula (I) in which A is a nitrogen atom. Preferably, the composition comprises one or more compounds of the formula (I) in which Y is the COO group. Preferably, the composition comprises one or more compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 and R2 are identical and correspond to methyl, A represents a nitrogen atom and Y is COO. When present, R3 is preferably methyl. Preferably, X is a linear or branched, preferably saturated, divalent alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with a group selected from hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2). Preferably, X is a linear or branched, preferably saturated, divalent alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms (unsubstituted), such as methylene or ethylene. Preferably, R4 and R5, which may be similar or different, may represent a hydrogen atom, a saturated, linear or branched C1-C10, preferably C1-C6, more preferably C1-C4, alkyl group; a phenyl group; a benzyl group; an alkyl group substituted with a cyclic group (saturated or unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic); a cyclic group (saturated or unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic) substituted with an alkyl group; all these groups being optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from -S-, -N=, -NH- or -C(NH)- and / or optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), -SH, -COOH and -CONH2. Preferably, when A represents a nitrogen atom and m = 0, R5 forms with the nitrogen atom a saturated 5- to 8-membered, preferably 5- to 6-membered, heterocycle optionally substituted with a hydroxyl. More preferably, the composition comprises one or more compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 and R2 are identical and correspond to methyl, A represents a nitrogen atom and Y is COO, and X (when present) is a linear or branched, saturated divalent alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Preferably, R4 represents a hydrogen atom. Preferably, R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated, linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl group, more preferably a C1-C4 alkyl group, optionally substituted with a group selected from a hydroxyl group (-OH), an amino group (-NH2), a -COOH group or a -CONH2 group. Preferably, the compound(s) of formula (I) is / are selected from the group consisting of betaine (trimethylglycine), alanine betaine, beta-alanine betaine, 4- aminobutyric acid betaine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid betaine, valine betaine, leucine betaine, isoleucine betaine, serine betaine, threonine betaine, S-methylcysteine betaine, methionine betaine, phenylglycine betaine, phenylalanine betaine, tyrosine betaine, tryptophan betaine, aspartic acid betaine, glutamic acid betaine, asparagine betaine, glutamine betaine, histidine betaine, N-methylhistidine betaine, arginine betaine, proline betaine, hydroxyproline betaine, pipecolic acid betaine, thioproline betaine, trimethyllysine, choline sulfate and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the compound of formula (I) is betaine (also known as trimethylglycine), alone or as a mixture with one or more other compounds of the formula (I). The total content of compound(s) of formula (I) advantageously varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably varies from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varies from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The total content of betaine advantageously varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably varies from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varies from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Pyridine derivative d) As indicated above, the composition according to the invention additionally comprises d) at least one pyridine derivative and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates. “Pyridine derivative” is understood for the purposes of the present invention as meaning any compound comprising at least pyridine within the structure of said compound. In other words, the pyridine derivative(s) and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, comprise at least one substituted pyridine, preferably one substituted with at least one group as described below. Preferably, the pyridine derivative(s) and the solvates thereof, such as hydrates, are substituted with at least one group selected from: - hydroxyl; - di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino; - thiol; - (thio)carboxy; - (thio)amido of formula R'4R'5N-C(X1)-, where X1 represents O, S or NR6, and R'4, R'5 and R6, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group; - (thio)urea of formula R7R8N-C(X2)-N(R9)-, where X2 represents O, S or NR10, and R7 to R10, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group; - (thio)carbonyl of formula R11-C(X3)-, where X3 represents O or S, and R11 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted; preferably amido of formula R4R5N-C(O)-, more preferably NH2-C(O)-. Preferably, the pyridine derivative is niacinamide (3-pyridinecarboxamide). Niacinamide is also known as nicotinamide. Preferably, the total content of the pyridine derivative(s) and / or solvates thereof varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably varies from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varies from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the total content of niacinamide varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably varies from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varies from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Other ingredients The composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise water, preferably in a content ranging from 10% to 95% by weight, preferably from 30% to 90% by weight, more preferably from 40% to 80% by weight, even better from 50% to 70% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition may additionally comprise at least one C1 to C6 monool. “Monool” is understood for the purposes of the present invention as meaning an alcohol comprising exactly one hydroxyl (-OH) function. Thus, “C1 to C6 monool” is understood for the purposes of the present invention as meaning an alcohol comprising exactly one hydroxyl (-OH) function and that comprises from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The monool(s) are advantageously C1 to C4 monools, in particular selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol, isobutanol and mixtures thereof, preferably the monool(s) are C1 to C3 monools, more preferably the monool is ethanol. The total content of C1 to C6 monools advantageously ranges from 5% to 50% by weight, preferably from 10% to 40% by weight, more preferably from 15% to 35% by weight, even more preferably from 15% to 30% by weight, even better still from 20% to 28% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the content of ethanol ranges from 5% to 50% by weight, preferably from 10% to 40% by weight, more preferably from 15% to 35% by weight, even more preferably from 15% to 30% by weight, even better still from 20% to 28% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition comprises at least one C1 to C6 monool, as defined above, and water. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention may additionally comprise one or more nonionic surfactants. The nonionic surfactant(s) that may be used in the composition of the present invention are described for example in “Handbook of Surfactants” by M.R. Porter, published by Blackie & Son (Glasgow and London), 1991, pp.116-178. Examples of nonionic surfactants include the following compounds, alone or as a mixture: - oxyalkylenated alkyl(C8-C24)phenols; - saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyalkylenated or glycerolated C8 to C40 alcohols, preferably including one or two fatty chains; - saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyalkylenated C8 to C30 fatty acid amides; - esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C8 to C30 acids and polyethylene glycols; - esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C8 to C30 acids and sorbitol, preferably oxyethylenated; - fatty acid esters of sucrose; - C8-C30 fatty acid esters of sorbitan; - oxyethylenated C8-C30 fatty acid esters of sorbitan; - alkyl(C8-C30) (poly)glucosides and alkenyl(C8-C30) (poly)glucosides, which are optionally oxyalkylenated (0 to 10 oxyalkylene units), comprising from 1 to 15 glucose units, alkyl(C8-C30) (poly)glucoside esters; - hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated, saturated or unsaturated oxyethylenated plant oils; - condensates of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide; - derivatives of N-alkyl(C8-C30)glucamine and N-acyl(C8-C30)- methylglucamine; - amine oxides. The nonionic surfactants may be selected from alcohols, alpha-diols and alkyl(C1-C20)phenols, these compounds being ethoxylated, propoxylated or glycerolated and having at least one fatty chain containing for example from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups may in particular range from 1 to 200 and the number of glycerol groups may in particular range from 1 to 30. They also include condensates of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols; ethoxylated fatty amides preferably having from 1 to 30 ethylene oxide units, polyglycerolated fatty amides containing on average from 1 to 5, and in particular from 1.5 to 4, glycerol groups, ethoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitan having from 1 to 30 ethylene oxide units, fatty acid esters of sucrose, fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, alkyl(C6-C24) polyglycosides, oxyethylenated plant oils, N- alkyl(C6-C24)glucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as alkyl(C10-C14)amine oxides or N-acyl(C10-C14)-aminopropylmorpholine oxides. They include in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyethylenated C8 to C40 fatty alcohols comprising from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide, preferably from 2 to 50, more particularly from 2 to 40 mol, or even from 3 to 20 mol, of ethylene oxide and containing at least one C8-C20, and especially C10-C18, alkyl chain; especially lauryl alcohol containing 4 mol of ethylene oxide (INCI name: Laureth-4). The C8-C30 and preferably C12-C22 fatty acid esters (especially mono-, di- and triesters) of sorbitan may be selected from: 5 sorbitan caprylate; sorbitan cocoate; sorbitan isostearate; sorbitan laurate; sorbitan oleate; sorbitan palmitate; sorbitan stearate; sorbitan diisostearate; sorbitan dioleate; sorbitan distearate; sorbitan sesquicaprylate; sorbitan sesquiisostearate; sorbitan sesquioleate; sorbitan sesquistearate; sorbitan triisostearate; sorbitan trioleate; and sorbitan tristearate. 10 The polyoxyethylenated C8-C30 (preferably C12-C18) fatty acid esters (especially mono-, di- and triesters) of sorbitan containing in particular from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide may be selected from polyoxyethylenated C12-C18 fatty acid esters, in particular lauric, myristic, palmitic or stearic esters, of sorbitan containing in particular from 2 to 30 mol, better still from 2 to 20 mol, of ethylene oxide, such as: 15 - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monolaurate (4 EO) (Polysorbate-21), - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monolaurate (20 EO) (Polysorbate-20), - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monopalmitate (20 EO) (Polysorbate-40), - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monostearate (20 EO) (Polysorbate-60), - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monostearate (4 EO) (Polysorbate-61), 20 - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monooleate (20 EO) (Polysorbate-80), - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monooleate (5 EO) (Polysorbate-81), - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan tristearate (20 EO) (Polysorbate-65), - polyoxyethylenated sorbitan trioleate (20 EO) (Polysorbate-85). The hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated, saturated or unsaturated 25 oxyethylenated plant oils may be oils such as sweet almond oil, argan oil, avocado oil, groundnut oil, camellia oil, safflower oil, calophyllum oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil (or coconut kernel oil), coriander oil, pumpkin oil, wheat germ oil, jojoba oil, linseed oil, macadamia oil, corn germ oil, hazelnut oil, walnut oil, vernonia oil, apricot kernel oil, olive oil, evening-primrose oil, palm oil, passionflower oil, grapeseed oil, rose oil, 30 castor oil, rye oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, camelina oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, pracaxi oil, babassu oil, mongongo oil, marula oil, arara oil, shea butter oil, and Brazil nut oil. Hydrogenated plant oils include in particular hydrogenated palm oil and hydrogenated castor oil. The number of moles of ethylene oxide in the oxyethylenated plant oils may 35 range from 2 to 200, preferably from 10 to 100, preferably from 20 to 80. The nonionic surfactants may advantageously be selected from saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched oxyethylenated C8 to C40 fatty alcohols, preferably comprising from 3 to 20 mol of ethylene oxide and containing at least one C8-C20 alkyl chain, polyoxyethylenated C8-C30 fatty acid esters of sorbitan containing in particular 5 from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide, hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated, saturated or unsaturated oxyethylenated plant oils, and mixtures thereof, preferably from hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated, saturated or unsaturated oxyethylenated plant oils, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the nonionic surfactants are selected from oxyethylenated 10 hydrogenated castor oil. The total content of nonionic surfactant(s) advantageously ranges from 0.1% to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.2% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.3% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 15 The total content of nonionic surfactant(s) selected from hydrogenated or non- hydrogenated oxyethylenated plant oils advantageously ranges from 0.1% to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.2% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.3% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 20 The composition according to the invention may contain any adjuvant or additive customarily used. Additives that may be used include reducing agents, thickeners, emollients, moisturizers, UV-screening agents, solubilizers, fragrances, proteins, vitamins other than antioxidants, polymers, preservatives, fats and mixtures thereof. 25 The pH of the composition according to the invention, when it is aqueous, advantageously varies from 5 to 9, preferably from 6 to 8, more preferably from 6.5 to 7.5. The pH of the composition may be adjusted to the desired value by means of alkalinizing agents or acidifying agents customarily used. Examples of alkalinizing 30 agents include aqueous ammonia, alkanolamines and mineral or organic hydroxides. Examples of acidifying agents include mineral or organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid or sulfuric acid, carboxylic acids, for example acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid or lactic acid, and sulfonic acids. Preferably, the composition comprises: 35 a) propionic acid and / or a salt thereof, b) ascorbyl glucoside, c) betaine, d) niacinamide. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises: 5 a) propionic acid and / or a salt thereof, in a total content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, b) ascorbyl glucoside, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, 10 preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, c) betaine, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably varying from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varying from 0.5% to 5% by 15 weight, even more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, d) niacinamide, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 20 Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises: a) sodium propionate, in a total content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, 25 b) ascorbyl glucoside, in a total content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, c) betaine, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably 30 varying from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varying from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, d) niacinamide, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, more preferably 35 from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Method As indicated above, the present invention also provides a method for cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp 5 and hair, comprising at least the application to said keratin materials of at least the composition as defined above. Preferably, the method according to the invention comprises at least the application to the scalp of at least one composition as defined above. Preferably, the composition according to the invention is not rinsed off after 10 it has been applied to the keratin materials, preferably to the scalp and hair. The method according to the invention is advantageously a cosmetic treatment method for eliminating, reducing and / or preventing dandruff, especially that caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or their metabolites. Even more advantageously, the method according to the invention is a method 15 for eliminating, reducing and / or preventing dandruff caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or their metabolites. Preferably, the method according to the invention is a cosmetic treatment method for eliminating, reducing and / or preventing dandruff due to the proliferation of yeasts of the genus Malassezia on the scalp. 20 According to a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention is a cosmetic treatment method for eliminating, reducing and / or preventing dandruff due to the proliferation of yeasts of the genus Malassezia on the scalp, comprising at least the application to the scalp of at least one composition as defined above. In accordance with this preferred embodiment, the composition according to 25 the invention preferably comprises: a) propionic acid and / or a salt thereof, in a total content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, 30 b) ascorbyl glucoside, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, c) glycine betaine, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably varying from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varying from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 1% to 4%, relative to the total weight of the composition, d) niacinamide, in a content varying from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, more preferably from 5 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Use Similarly, the present invention relates to the use of said composition as defined above for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, especially of human 10 keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, preferably for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff. Preferably, the composition according to the invention is used for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff associated with yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or their metabolites. 15 More preferably, the composition according to the invention is used for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff due to the proliferation of yeasts of the genus Malassezia on the scalp. The composition according to the invention is advantageously used for inhibiting the growth of yeast of the genus Malassezia. 20 The present invention also provides for the use of the composition according to the invention for maintaining, or even restoring, the balance of the microbial flora of the scalp. The present invention will now be described more particularly by means of examples, which do not in any way limit the scope of the invention. The examples do 25 however support specific features, variants and preferred embodiments of the invention. EXAMPLES 30 The compositions A1 and A2 described in Table 1 below were prepared: the amounts are expressed as g of active substance (% AS) unless otherwise stated. [Table 1] Compositions A1 A2 (inventive) (inventive) Ethanol 30 20 Betaine (trimethylglycine) 3 3 Ascorbyl glucoside 3 3 Niacinamide 3 3 PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil 1.2 1.2 Sodium propionate 1.0 1.0 pH agent qs pH = 7 qs pH = 7 Water qs 100 qs 100 Hair lotions that can be applied to the scalp and hair are obtained. It is not 5 necessary to rinse them off. It has been found that hair retains a clean appearance after the first application of the lotions (on day 0), and also on day 1, after a second application.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Composition comprising: a) at least one agent selected from acids comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms and salts thereof, b) at least one antioxidant in the total content ranging from 0.1% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, c) at least one compound of the formula (I) below: (R1)(R2)(R3)m A+-CR4R5-(X)n-Y- (I) in which formula (I) R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C2 alkyl group, more preferably a C1 alkyl group, A represents a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, m = 0 or 1, n = 0 or 1, X is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated divalent alkyl group (also termed an alkylene) having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) groups; Y- represents the group -COO- or OSO3-; it being understood that: when A represents a sulfur atom, then m = 0 and R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched and / or cyclic C1-C10, preferably C1-C6, more preferably C1- C4, hydrocarbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from the following groups: -S-, -N=, -NH-, or -C(NH)-, and / or optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), -SH, -COOH and -CONH2, when A represents a nitrogen atom and m = 0, then R4 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C8 alkyl group, preferably a saturated, linear or branchedC1-C4 alkyl group, and R5 forms with the nitrogen atom a saturated 5- to 8- membered, preferably 5- to 6-membered, heterocycle, it being possible for the heterocycle to be substituted with one or more groups selected from a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a C1-C4 alkyl group; when A represents a nitrogen atom and m = 1, then R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched and / or cyclic C1-C10, preferably C1-C6, more preferably C1- C4, hydrocarbon chain, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from -S-, -N=, -NH- or -C(NH)- and / or optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), -SH, - COOH and -CONH2; d) at least one pyridine derivative and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates.

2. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the agent a) is selected from the group consisting of propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof, preferably from salts of propionic acid, preferably from calcium salts, sodium salts, magnesium salts and potassium salts of propionic acid and mixtures thereof, more preferably from sodium propionate.

3. Composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the total content of agent(s) a) varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

4. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antioxidant b) is selected from ascorbic acid, salts thereof, derivatives thereof, isomers thereof, and aromatic ketones, alone or as a mixture.

5. Composition according to Claim 4, characterized in that the aromatic ketones to the formula (II) below:in which: - R is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, preferably substituted with one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, amino or thiol groups; - R' is a linear, branched or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; preferably the aromatic ketones are selectedfrom p-hydroxyacetophenone (or 4-hydroxyacetophenone), 2-hydroxyacetophenone, 3-hydroxyacetophenone, alpha-hydroxyacetophenone and mixtures thereof.

6. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antioxidant b) is selected from: 5 - ascorbic acid, - salts of ascorbic acid, preferably alkali metal salts or alkaline-earth metal salts, in particular alkali metal salts such as the sodium or potassium salts, - ascorbic acid derivatives, preferably selected from ascorbyl magnesium phosphate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl glucoside and mixtures thereof, preferably 10 ascorbyl glucoside, in particular ascorbyl glucoside corresponding to the formula below:- isomers of ascorbic acid, and - mixtures thereof; 15 preferably, the antioxidant b) is selected from ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, in particular ascorbyl glucoside.

7. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total content of antioxidant(s) b) ranges from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight, even more preferably from 2% to 4% by weight, 20 relative to the total weight of the composition.

8. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound(s) c) correspond to the formula (I) in which R1and R2are identical and correspond to methyl, A represents a nitrogen atom and Y is COO.

9. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized 25 in that the compound(s) c) corresponding to the formula (I) is / are selected from the group consisting of betaine (trimethylglycine), alanine betaine, beta-alanine betaine, 4-aminobutyric acid betaine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid betaine, valine betaine, leucine betaine, isoleucine betaine, serine betaine, threonine betaine, S-methylcysteine betaine, methionine betaine, phenylglycine betaine, phenylalanine betaine, tyrosine betaine,tryptophan betaine, aspartic acid betaine, glutamic acid betaine, asparagine betaine, glutamine betaine, histidine betaine, N-methylhistidine betaine, arginine betaine, proline betaine, hydroxyproline betaine, pipecolic acid betaine, thioproline betaine, trimethyllysine, choline sulfate and mixtures thereof, preferably betaine.

10. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total content of compound(s) of formula (I) varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably varies from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably varies from 0.5% to 5% by weight, even more preferably varies from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

11. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pyridine derivative(s) d) and / or solvates thereof, such as hydrates, is / are substituted with at least one group selected from: - hydroxyl; - di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino; - thiol; - (thio)carboxy; - (thio)amido of formula R'4R'5N-C(X1)-, where X1 represents O, S or NR6, and R'4, R'5 and R6, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group; - (thio)urea of formula R7R8N-C(X2)-N(R9)-, where X2 represents O, S or NR10, and R7 to R10, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group; - (thio)carbonyl of formula R11-C(X3)-, where X3 represents O or S, and R11 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

12. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pyridine derivative d) is niacinamide.

13. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the content of pyridine derivative(s) d) varies from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

14. Method for cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, comprising at least the application to said keratin materials of at least one composition as defined according to any one of the preceding claims.

15. Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that it is a cosmetic treatment method for eliminating, reducing and / or preventing dandruff, preferably dandruff caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia and / or their metabolites.

16. Use of at least one composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 13 5 for cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular of human keratin materials such as the scalp and hair, preferably for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff.

17. Use according to Claim 16, for the prevention and / or treatment of scalp dandruff due to the proliferation of yeasts of the genus Malassezia on the scalp. 10 18. Use of at least one composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 13, for inhibiting the growth of yeast of the genus Malassezia.

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