Building with interior unit

Abstract

Provided is a building with an interior unit having an upper surface at a position higher than a lower end surface of a beam, wherein the interior unit can be updated without disassembling a column, a beam, or a slab. A building (1) comprises: a pair of take-out port forming columns (3A); a slab (5); a take-out port forming beam (4A) joined to the pair of take-out port forming columns (3A); and a plurality of inner layer units (12) mounted on the slab (5). A take-out port (23) is defined by the pair of take-out port forming columns (3A), the slab (5), and the take-out port forming beam (4A). The take-out port forming beam (4A) includes a first portion (24) having a first lower surface (24a) having a first height, and a second portion (25) having a second lower surface (25a) having a second height lower than the first height. A first interior unit (12A), which is one of the plurality of inner layer units (12), has a height that is equal to or less than the first height and larger than the second height, and is positioned below the first lower surface (24a) when viewed from the extension direction of the interior unit (12).

Description

Building with interior units

[0001] The present invention relates to a building with an interior unit.

[0002] In recent years, when constructing buildings to be used as hotels, apartment complexes, etc., a unit construction method has been implemented in which the building is divided into multiple units (building units) that are prefabricated in a factory and these building units are then assembled at the construction site, thereby shortening the construction period. For example, Patent Document 1 describes constructing a building using precast concrete column members and beam members and interior units in which interior components such as a modular bath, entrance door, interior boards, piping, and wiring are pre-assembled in a factory.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-134484

[0004] In the building described in Patent Document 1, in order to expand the interior space of the interior unit, the top of the interior unit protruded into a space surrounded by beams supporting the slab of the upper floor, and the side of the interior unit protruded between a pair of columns. Therefore, the columns and beams prevented the interior unit from being removed horizontally. Therefore, to update the interior unit, it was necessary to dismantle the slab (floor) and beams of the upper floor, remove the interior unit upward, install a new interior unit from above, and then install the slab and beams of the upper floor. Thus, in the building described in Patent Document 1, updating the interior unit required dismantling the slab and beams, which was time-consuming and extended the construction period.

[0005] On the other hand, if the top of the interior unit does not extend into the space enclosed by the beams supporting the slab of the upper floor, i.e., if the top of the interior unit is lower than the bottom of the beams, it is possible to renew the interior unit without dismantling the slab and beams. However, in this case, the ceiling inside the interior unit becomes lower and the interior space becomes smaller. If the distance between the beams arranged above and below is increased to maintain the height of the interior space, the number of rooms that can be installed will decrease or the building will become taller, increasing construction costs.

[0006] In view of the above background, the present invention aims to provide a building equipped with an interior unit having an upper surface positioned higher than the lower end surface of the beam, in which the interior unit can be updated without dismantling the columns, beams, and slabs.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, a building (1, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 101) according to an aspect of the present invention comprises a plurality of columns (3) including a pair of outlet-forming columns (3A) arranged adjacent to each other at a distance in a first horizontal direction (a girder direction in the embodiment), a plurality of lower beams (4) joined to the columns, a slab (5) supported by the lower beams, and a plurality of upper beams (4) arranged one story above the lower beams and joined to the columns, and a plurality of interior units (12) placed on the slab, each of which faces at least a portion of the outlet, and each of which has a width extending in the first horizontal direction and a length extending in a second horizontal direction (a direction between beams in the embodiment) intersecting the first horizontal direction, wherein the outlet forming beam is spaced apart from the slab by a distance of a first height (h １ a first portion (24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84) having a first lower surface (24a, 34a, 44a, 54a, 64a, 74a, 84a) that is a second height (h) that is a distance from the slab that is lower than the first height; ２ and a second portion (25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85) having a second lower surface (25a, 35a, 45a, 55a, 65a, 75a, 85a) having a height equal to or less than the first height and greater than the second height, and the first interior unit is located below the first lower surface as viewed in the second horizontal direction so as to be removable from the removal opening by moving it in the second horizontal direction.

[0008] According to this aspect, the height of the first interior unit is higher than the underside of the second part, thereby making the internal space of the first interior unit larger, and because the height of the first interior unit is lower than the underside of the first part, the interior unit can be removed without dismantling the columns, beams, and slabs.

[0009] In the above aspect, the plurality of interior units (12) further includes a second interior unit (12B) adjacent to the first interior unit (12A), and the second interior unit has a height (h １ ) or less, and the second height (h ２ ) and has a maximum height portion adjacent to the first interior unit, and the width of the maximum height portion in the first horizontal direction may be less than the length of the first lower surface (24a, 34a, 44a, 54a, 64a, 74a, 84a) in the first horizontal direction.

[0010] According to this aspect, the second interior unit can be removed from and inserted into the removal opening by moving it horizontally without tilting it, thereby reducing damage to interior parts inside the interior unit during updating.

[0011] In the above-mentioned aspect, the outlet forming beam (32, 42, 52, 82) includes a precast concrete beam member (32a, 42a, 52a, 82a) that defines the first lower surface (34a, 44a, 54a, 84a) and the second lower surface (35a, 45a, 55a, 85a), and a tendon (33) that pressure-connects the outlet forming beam to the outlet forming column (3A), and the tendon is fixed at one end to a fixing surface (36, 46, 56) provided on the outlet forming beam and at the other end At this portion, the beam member is fixed to a member (3A, 82) arranged on the opposite side of the beam member in the first horizontal direction with respect to the pressing surface of the beam member with the outlet forming column, and the fixing surface may be a surface exposed from the first part at the end face of the second part (35, 45, 55, 85) on the side connecting to the first part (34, 44, 54, 84) and facing the first horizontal direction, and may include a lower fixing surface (36a, 46a, 56a) formed between the first lower surface and the second lower surface.

[0012] According to this aspect, the height difference between the first lower surface and the second lower surface provided for removing the interior unit can be utilized to form a fixing surface for fixing the tension material for crimping joints.

[0013] In the above aspect, the upper surface of the first portion (44, 54) may be lower than the upper surface of the second portion (45, 55), and the fixing surface (46, 56) may include an upper fixing surface (46b, 56b) formed between the upper surface of the first portion and the upper surface of the second portion.

[0014] According to this aspect, the tension members for the crimp joint can be fixed not only to the lower part but also to the upper part of the second part, so that the crimp joint of the outlet forming beam to the outlet forming column becomes strong.

[0015] In the above-mentioned aspect, both side surfaces of the first portion (54) in the beam width direction are located inward in the beam width direction relative to both side surfaces of the second portion (55) in the beam width direction, and the fixing surface (56) may further include side fixing surfaces (56c) formed between the both side surfaces of the first portion and the both side surfaces of the second portion.

[0016] According to this aspect, the tension members for the crimp joint can be fixed also to the side portions of the second portion, so that the crimp joint of the outlet forming beam to the outlet forming column is strengthened.

[0017] In the above-mentioned aspect, the first portion (24, 34, 44, 54) is located in the middle of the outlet forming beam (4A, 32, 42, 52) in the first horizontal direction, and the second portion (25, 35, 45, 55) is provided adjacent to the first portion, at both ends of the outlet forming beam in the first horizontal direction, and the boundary between the first portion and the second portion may be located in the second horizontal direction within a range of 10% of the inside span of the outlet forming beam from the point where the bending moment of the outlet forming beam becomes 0 in design calculations.

[0018] According to this aspect, a rational design can be achieved by utilizing the height difference between the first lower surface and the second lower surface provided for removing the interior unit.

[0019] In the above aspect, the outlet forming beam (72) includes a precast concrete beam member (72a) that defines the first lower surface (74a) and the second lower surface (75a), the second portion (75) is located in the middle of the outlet forming beam in the first horizontal direction, and two first portions (74) are provided adjacent to the second portion and located at both ends of the outlet forming beam in the first horizontal direction, and the beam member may be a prestressed concrete member that includes a tension member (73) that is arranged so that part of the second portion passes below the lower surface of the first portion.

[0020] According to this aspect, the difference in height between the first and second lower surfaces provided for removing the interior unit can be utilized to rationally position the tendons for applying prestress to the removal port forming beam.

[0021] In the above aspect, the first portion (84) is joined to one of the pair of outlet-forming columns (3A), and the second portion (85) is joined to the other of the pair of outlet-forming columns adjacent to the first portion, and the number of interior units (12) facing one outlet (23) may be two.

[0022] According to this aspect, the length of the outlet forming beam can be shortened or the width (length in the first direction) of the interior unit can be increased.

[0023] According to the above aspects, in a building having an interior unit whose upper surface is positioned higher than the lower end surface of the beam, it is possible to provide a building in which the interior unit can be updated without dismantling the columns, beams, and slabs.

[0024] a plan view showing a portion of a building according to the first embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the first embodiment; a front view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the first embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the first embodiment; an explanatory diagram showing a method for removing an interior unit in a building according to the first embodiment; an explanatory diagram showing a method for removing an interior unit in a building according to the first embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the second embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the third embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the fourth embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the fifth embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the sixth embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the seventh embodiment; a perspective view of a main part showing a portion of a building according to the eighth embodiment

[0025] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A building 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a building 1 according to a first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the building 1 is a multi-story building having a skeleton 2 of a reinforced concrete (RC) rigid frame structure. The skeleton 2 includes a plurality of columns 3 (3A, 3B), a plurality of beams 4 (4A, 4B, 4C; see FIG. 2 ) rigidly connected to the columns 3, and a slab 5 supported by the beams 4. The building 1 is used as a hotel, dormitory, office, apartment building, or the like. The building 1 defines a private area consisting of a plurality of spaces (hereinafter referred to as rooms 6) used as guest rooms, rooms, dwelling units, etc., and a common area consisting of shared spaces such as a corridor 7, an internal staircase, an elevator, and an entrance.

[0027] The building 1 of this embodiment has a planar shape in which multiple rooms 6 are arranged in the girder direction (first direction). In other embodiments, the building 1 may be a staggered building or a tower-type building. The multiple rooms 6 are arranged on both sides of the corridor 7 so as to face the corridor 7. The corridor 7 is an internal corridor provided inside the building 1. Interior flooring materials such as carpets and floor mats are laid on the slabs 5 of the corridor 7. The columns 3 are arranged in four rows in the span direction (second direction) and in multiple rows at equal intervals in the span direction. Three rooms 6 arranged in the span direction are arranged between adjacent columns 3 in the span direction, facing each other across the corridor 7. Each room 6 has a substantially rectangular shape that is elongated in the span direction in a plan view, and of the three rooms 6 arranged in the span direction, the two rooms 6 arranged on either side are symmetrical. In other embodiments, four or more rooms 6 may be arranged between adjacent columns 3 in the span direction. Furthermore, a room 6 may be arranged only on one side of the corridor 7. In this case, the corridor 7 may be an exterior corridor with open sides.

[0028] The multiple columns 3 include columns 3 (hereinafter referred to as perimeter columns 3A) arranged on the perimeter of the building 1 in the span direction and columns 3 (hereinafter referred to as interior columns 3B) arranged inside the building 1 in the span direction. The perimeter columns 3A have a substantially square cross-sectional shape. The interior columns 3B have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape whose dimension in the span direction is greater than its dimension in the longitudinal direction. In this embodiment, the interior columns 3B are arranged on both sides of the corridor 7 and away from the corridor 7, i.e., in the middle of the room 6 in the longitudinal direction. In other embodiments, the interior columns 3B may be arranged adjacent to the corridor 7 or protruding into the corridor 7. In a building 1 in which a room 6 is arranged only on one side of the corridor 7, the perimeter columns 3A are arranged in a single row only on the perimeter portion of the building 1 on the room 6 side. In this case, the interior columns 3B may be arranged in at least one row, including a row arranged near the boundary between the room 6 and the corridor 7.

[0029] The opening between the columns 3 arranged at the end in the longitudinal direction (the gable of the building 1) is closed by a reinforced concrete exterior wall 9. An emergency door 10 is provided in the portion of the exterior wall 9 between a pair of interior columns 3B facing the corridor 7, and an exterior staircase 11 is provided outside the emergency door 10. The exterior staircase 11 may be made of steel. In the example shown, the opening between each pair of adjacent outer perimeter columns 3A arranged in the longitudinal direction is not closed, and the outer surface of the interior unit 12 described below that faces the opening has a configuration that corresponds to the exterior wall 9.

[0030] Each room 6 is defined by an interior unit 12, which is pre-assembled at a factory and includes a modular bath 14, an entrance door 15, interior boards, piping, wiring, and other interior components. The interior unit 12 is transported by trailer from the factory to the construction site of the building 1. Therefore, the size (particularly width and height) of the interior unit 12 is set so that the trailer size, including the on-board items, when loaded onto the trailer does not exceed the size permitted by laws and regulations such as the Road Traffic Act (in the case of Japan's Road Traffic Act as of 2024, the width is 2.99 m, length is 15.91 m, and height is 4.1 m). On the corridor 7 side of the room 6, a PS 13 (pipe space) and a modular bath 14 with an integrated toilet are installed in this order along the longitudinal direction, and the side sections of these provide a passageway from the entrance door 15 to the bedroom or other room located at the back.

[0031] In another embodiment, a plurality of interior units 12 lined up in the longitudinal direction may cooperate to define a single room 6. In this case, at least one interior unit 12 may be provided with an entrance door 15. Two interior units 12 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction are connected to each other so that people can pass through at least a pair of openings provided at positions opposite each other. The openings may or may not be provided with doors. By connecting a plurality of interior units 12 to each other in this way and cooperating to define a single room 6, it is possible to form a room 6 that is larger than the dimensions of the interior units 12 limited by transportation restrictions.

[0032] In this embodiment, there is a space between the interior units 12 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction with the interior column 3B sandwiched between them. However, soundproofing members may be provided between the interior units 12 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, reinforced concrete walls may be provided between the interior units 12 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction with the interior column 3B sandwiched between them.

[0033] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a main portion of the building 1. As shown in Figure 2, each pair of perimeter columns 3A adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction are connected to each other by a first beam 4A extending in the longitudinal direction. Each pair of interior columns 3B adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction are connected to each other by a second beam 4B extending in the longitudinal direction. The perimeter columns 3A and interior columns 3B adjacent to each other in the span-beam direction, and each pair of interior columns 3B adjacent to each other in the span-beam direction (only one is shown in Figure 2), are connected to each other by a third beam 4C extending in the span-beam direction.

[0034] In this embodiment, the outer perimeter columns 3A are constructed by vertically connecting multiple PCa (precast) concrete outer perimeter column members 16A, each having a length approximately equal to the height of the first floor. The inner columns 3B are constructed by vertically connecting multiple PCa concrete inner column members 16B, each having a length approximately equal to the height of the first floor. Here, "approximately the same" means that the lengths may differ by the thickness of the joints.

[0035] The first beams 4A connecting each pair of outer perimeter columns 3A include first beam members 17A made of PCa concrete and having approximately the same length as the spacing between the outer perimeter columns 3A. A pair of adjacent outer perimeter column members 16A and the first beam members 17A connecting them form a gate-shaped outer perimeter frame portion 18 on the outer periphery of the skeleton 2. The second beams 4B connecting each pair of adjacent interior columns 3B in the longitudinal direction include second beam members 17B made of PCa concrete and having approximately the same length as the spacing between the interior columns 3B.

[0036] The third beams 4C connecting the outer perimeter columns 3A and the interior columns 3B include third outer beam members 19A made of PCa concrete and having approximately the same length as the spacing between the outer perimeter columns 3A and the interior columns 3B. The third beams 4C connecting the interior columns 3B include third inner beam members 19B made of PCa concrete and having approximately the same length as the spacing between the interior columns 3B.

[0037] In other embodiments, the perimeter column 3A and the interior column 3B may include a single column member made of precast concrete and a joint member made of precast concrete. The first beam 4A and the second beam 4B may include a single beam member and beam portions of two joint members provided on both sides of the single beam member. Furthermore, the beam portions of the joint members made of precast concrete may constitute the first beam member 17A and the second beam member 17B.

[0038] These PCa concrete members are fabricated in advance in a factory, transported by trailer to the construction site, and assembled at the construction site. PCa concrete members are connected to each other by splicing a rebar (not shown) protruding from one member to a mechanical joint (not shown) provided on the other member. Another PCa concrete member with rebar insertion holes may be placed between the two PCa concrete members. The connection of PCa concrete members is not limited to this construction method, and other known construction methods may also be used.

[0039] As described above, the width of the interior unit 12 is limited for transportation. On the other hand, by arranging multiple interior units 12 between each pair of peripheral column members 16A arranged adjacently in the girder direction, the spacing between the peripheral column members 16A can be made large without being restricted by the size of the interior units 12. This allows the skeleton 2 to have a rational structure that makes it easy to transport and assemble PCa concrete members.

[0040] The interior units 12 include a first interior unit 12A disposed in the center, a second interior unit 12B disposed to the right of the first interior unit 12A in the plane of Fig. 2, and a third interior unit 12C disposed to the left of the first interior unit 12A in the plane of Fig. 2. Each interior unit 12 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and is provided with a bulging portion 20 that bulges out above the lower surfaces of the first beams 4A and the second beams 4B in part to increase the ceiling height of the room 6 and enlarge the space. In this embodiment, one bulging portion 20 is provided in the room portion on the other end side opposite the entrance door 15 (see Fig. 1) of the interior unit 12.

[0041] The bulging portion 20 is located at a position that avoids the first beam 4A and the second beam 4B, i.e., between the first beam member 17A and the second beam member 17B that are adjacent to each other in the span direction and between a pair of third outer beam members 19A that are adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction. Note that the portion of the interior unit 12 on the entrance door 15 side (hereinafter referred to as the general portion 21) does not have a bulging portion 20. The bulging portion 20 forms an upper surface that is higher than the upper surface of the general portion 21, and this upper surface forms the highest part of the interior unit 12.

[0042] By providing the interior unit 12 with the bulge 20 in this manner, the chamber 6 is expanded upward, preventing the occurrence of dead space above the chamber 6. Furthermore, because the bulge 20 is surrounded by the first beam member 17A, the second beam member 17B, and the pair of third outer beam members 19A, the interior unit 12 does not shift significantly in the horizontal direction. An opening 22 is formed on the side surface of one end 12a of the interior unit 12.

[0043] 2 to 4, when focusing on a given story, an outlet 23 for removing the interior unit 12 is defined by the slab 5 supported by the first beam 4A on the lower story, a pair of adjacent periphery columns 3A spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, and the first beam 4A on the upper story joined to the pair of periphery columns 3A. Therefore, the pair of periphery columns 3A are outlet-forming columns, and the first beam 4A on the upper story is an outlet-forming beam. Since the first beam 4A on the lower story is also an outlet-forming beam when focusing on the story below, it has the same shape as the first beam 4A on the upper story.

[0044] The first beam 4A includes a first portion 24 constituting the center portion in the longitudinal direction of the first beam 4A, and two second portions 25 constituting both ends in the longitudinal direction of the first beam 4A, which are connected to the first portion 24 and joined to the outer periphery columns 3A. The first portion 24 is spaced from the slab 5 by a first height h １ The second portion 25 has a first lower surface 24a that is a distance from the slab 5 of a first height h １ A second height h that is lower than ２ The first beam 4A has a second lower surface 25a having a width of 0. Therefore, when viewed from the span direction, a notch 26 is formed in the center of the lower portion of the first beam 4A. The boundary between the first portion 24 and the second portion 25 is preferably located in the longitudinal direction near a portion of the first beam 4A where the bending moment is zero in design calculations (see the upper part of FIG. 3 ) (e.g., within 10% of the clearance span of the first beam 4A from the point where the bending moment is zero), and more preferably coincides with the point where the bending moment is zero. Normally, under long-term loads acting on the beam 4, the bending moment is zero at approximately 1 / 4 of the distance from both ends of the clearance span of the beam 4. Therefore, the boundary between the first portion 24 and the second portion 25 may be set at a position 1 / 4 of the way from both ends of the clearance span of the first beam 4A.

[0045] The height of the first interior unit 12A, that is, the distance from the bottom surface of the first interior unit 12A that abuts against the slab 5 to the top surface of the bulging portion 20 is the first height h １ is equal to or less than the second height h ２1A. When viewed from the span direction, both end faces in the girder direction of the bulging portion 20 of the first interior unit 12A are located further inward in the girder direction than both ends in the girder direction of the first portion 24. Therefore, the first interior unit 12A is arranged so that its entirety faces the outlet 23. In the example shown, the width in the girder direction of the bulging portion 20 of the first interior unit 12A is the same as the width of the portion of the first interior unit 12A below the bulging portion 20. Note that if a bulging portion 20 is also formed on the corridor 7 (see FIG. 1 ) side of the second beam 4B in the interior unit 12, a notch 26 is also formed on the second beam 4B in the same manner as the first beam 4A.

[0046] In the second and third interior units 12B and 12C, the distance from the bottom surface abutting against the slab 5 to the upper surface of the bulging portion 20 is the first height h １ is equal to or less than the second height h ２ The width (length in the girder direction) of the bulging portion 20 of the second and third interior units 12B, 12C is equal to or less than the length in the girder direction of the first portion 24, i.e., the length in the girder direction of the notch 26. When viewed from the span direction, the second and third interior units 12B, 12C are arranged so that the bulging portion 20 overlaps the first beam 4A, and the portion of one end 12a below the bulging portion 20 faces the outlet 23.

[0047] 4 to 6, a method for removing the interior unit 12 will be described. Note that in FIGS. 4 to 12, some components are not shown, and the interior unit 12 is illustrated in a simplified manner (with the opening 22 omitted).

[0048] 4 and 5, the worker moves the first interior unit 12A in the beam direction toward the removal opening 23. At this time, because the first beam 4A has the cutout portion 26, the first interior unit 12A can be removed from the removal opening 23 even though the bulge portion 20 is present. The worker then hoists the first interior unit 12A that has been removed from the removal opening 23 down using a crane (not shown).

[0049] Next, as shown in FIG. 6 , the worker moves the second interior unit 12B in the girder direction so that its bulging portion 20 is aligned with the cutout portion 26 when viewed from the span direction. The worker removes the second interior unit 12B from the removal opening 23 and hangs it down, similar to the first interior unit 12A (see FIG. 5 ). Next, the worker moves the third interior unit 12C, similar to the second interior unit 12B, so that its bulging portion 20 is aligned with the cutout portion 26 when viewed from the span direction, removes it from the removal opening 23, and hangs it down. After removing the first interior unit 12A, the second and third interior units 12B, 12C can be moved to positions where their bulging portions 20 are aligned with the cutout portions 26 when viewed from the span direction, and therefore can be removed from the removal opening 23.

[0050] A new interior unit 12 can be installed by performing the above procedure in reverse. That is, the worker lifts up the third interior unit 12C, inserts it into the building 1 through the outlet 23, moves it in the girder direction, and places it in a predetermined position, lifts up the second interior unit 12B, inserts it into the building 1 through the outlet 23, moves it to the opposite side of the third interior unit 12C in the girder direction, and places it in a predetermined position, and lifts up the first interior unit 12A, and inserts it into the building 1 through the outlet 23, thereby installing a new interior unit 12.

[0051] As described above, by having the cutout portion 26 in the first beam 4A, even if the interior unit 12 has the bulging portion 20, the interior unit 12 can be removed and updated without dismantling the columns 3, beams 4, and slabs 5. Furthermore, because the interior unit 12 can be removed and updated by horizontal movement without tilting it, damage to the interior components inside the interior unit 12 during updating can be suppressed. Furthermore, moving work can be performed by removing the interior unit 12 and installing it in another building 1, but because the interior unit 12 can be removed without tilting or dismantling it, moving work can be performed with furniture still installed inside the interior unit 12.

[0052] A building 31 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 7. In the description of the second and subsequent embodiments, components common to the previously described embodiments will be designated by common reference numerals, and their description will be omitted. Components similar to the previously described embodiments will be designated by common reference numerals, and differences will be described, and description of the common components will be omitted. In the second embodiment, the first beam 32 (exit opening forming beam) is joined to the perimeter column 3A by pressure joining using tendons 33.

[0053] The first beam 32 has a notch 26, similar to the first beam 4A (see FIG. 2) of the first embodiment. The first beam 32 includes a PCa concrete member 32a including a first portion 34 constituting the center portion in the longitudinal direction of the first beam 32 and two second portions 35 constituting both ends in the longitudinal direction of the first beam 32 and connected to the first portion 34 and joined to the periphery columns 3A. The first portion 34 is spaced apart from the slab 5 by a first height h １ The second portion 35 has a first lower surface 34a that is a distance from the slab 5 of a first height h １ A second height h that is lower than ２ The second lower surface 35a has a shape such that

[0054] A through hole 37 extending in the girder direction is provided in the lower part of the second portion 35 of the first beam 32, and a through hole 38 extending in the girder direction and communicating with the through hole 37 is provided in the periphery column 3A, and the tendons 33 are inserted into these through holes 37, 38. One end of the tendon 33 is fixed to an anchoring surface 36 provided on the first beam 32, and the other end is fixed to a side surface of the periphery column 3A opposite to the crimping surface to which the first beam 32 is crimp-joined. The anchoring surface 36 is formed by a surface exposed from the first portion 34 at the end face of the second portion 35 connected to the first portion 34 and facing the girder direction. The anchoring surface 36 is formed by a lower anchoring surface 36a formed between the first lower surface 34a and the second lower surface 35a.

[0055] In order to enable the interior unit 12 to be removed from the removal opening 23, the width (length in the girder direction) of the bulge portion 20 of the interior unit 12 is smaller than the length in the girder direction of the cutout portion 26 minus the protruding length of the tension member 33 and its fixing device 39 protruding from the two fixing surfaces 36.

[0056] The tendons 33 are made of PC steel rods, PC steel wires, PC steel strands, or rods or strands of fiber-reinforced plastic such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, or glass fiber. The tendons 33 may be bonded or unbonded. When the tendons 33 are unbonded, the first beam 32 can be removed by releasing the anchorage of the tendons 33. Therefore, even if the interior unit 12 or the first beam 32 is deformed due to some cause such as an earthquake, making it impossible for the interior unit 12 to pass under the first portion 34, the interior unit 12 can be removed by removing the first beam 32.

[0057] As described above, the notch 26 can be used to provide the anchoring surface 36 for the tendon 33 .

[0058] A building 41 according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 8. The third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that tendons 33 are also disposed on the upper portions of first beams 42 (exit opening forming beams) joined to a pair of perimeter columns 3A.

[0059] The first beam 42 has a notch 26 at its lower part, similar to the first beam 32 of the second embodiment (see FIG. 7), but unlike the first beam 32 of the second embodiment, an upper notch 43 is provided at its upper part. The first beam 42 includes a PCa concrete member 42a including a first part 44 constituting the center part in the girder direction of the first beam 42 and two second parts 45 constituting both ends in the girder direction of the first beam 42 and connected to the first part 44 and joined to the periphery columns 3A. The first part 44 is spaced apart from the slab 5 by a distance of a first height h １ The second portion 45 has a first lower surface 44a that is a distance from the slab 5 of a first height h １ A second height h that is lower than ２ The upper surface of the first portion 44 is lower than the upper surface of the second portion 35, thereby forming an upper cutout portion 43.

[0060] The building 41 further includes tendons 33 that crimp-join the first beams 42 to the perimeter columns 3A. Through holes 37 extending in the girder direction are provided at the upper and lower parts of the second portions 45 of the first beams 42, and through holes 38 extending in the girder direction and communicating with the through holes 37 are provided in the perimeter columns 3A. The tendons 33 are inserted through these through holes 37, 38. One end of the tendons 33 is fixed to an anchoring surface 46 provided on the first beams 32, and the other end is fixed to a side surface of the perimeter columns 3A opposite to the crimping surface to which the first beams 42 are crimp-joined. The anchoring surface 46 is formed by a surface exposed from the first portion 44 at the end face of the second portion 35 connected to the first portion 34, facing the girder direction. The fixing surface 46 includes a lower fixing surface 46a formed between the first lower surface 44a and the second lower surface 45a, and an upper fixing surface 46b formed between the upper surface of the first portion 44 and the upper surface of the second portion 45.

[0061] As described above, by providing an upper cutout portion 43 in the first beam 42 and forming an upper fixing surface 46b, it is possible to place tension members 33 not only at the bottom but also at the top of the second portion 45 of the first beam 42, thereby strengthening the crimping connection of the first beam 42 to the outer peripheral column 3A.

[0062] A building 51 according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 9. The fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that tendons 33 are also arranged on the sides of the first beams 52 (exit opening forming beams) joined to a pair of outer perimeter columns 3A.

[0063] The first beam 52 includes a PCa concrete member 52a including a first portion 54 constituting the center portion in the longitudinal direction of the first beam 52 and two second portions 55 constituting both ends in the longitudinal direction of the first beam 52 and connected to the first portion 54 and joined to the outer periphery columns 3A. The first portion 54 is spaced from the slab 5 by a first height h １ The second portion 55 has a first lower surface 54a at a distance of a first height h from the slab 5. １ A second height h that is lower than ２ The upper surface of the first portion 54 is lower than the upper surface of the second portion 55, and both side portions of the first portion 54 in the beam width direction are located more inward in the beam width direction than both side portions of the second portion 55 in the beam width direction.

[0064] The building 51 further includes tendons 33 that crimp-join the first beams 52 to the perimeter columns 3A. Through holes 37 extending in the longitudinal direction are provided in the upper, middle, and lower portions of both sides of the second portion 55 of the first beam 52 in the beam width direction. Through holes 38 extending in the longitudinal direction and communicating with the through holes 37 are provided in the perimeter columns 3A. Tendons 33 are inserted through these through holes 37, 38. One end of each tendon 33 is fixed to an anchoring surface 56 provided on the first beam 32, and the other end is fixed to a side surface of the perimeter column 3A opposite to the crimping surface to which the first beam 52 is crimp-joined. The anchoring surface 56 is formed by a surface of the second portion 55 at the end face connected to the first portion 54, exposed from the first portion 54 and facing the longitudinal direction. The fixing surface 56 includes a lower fixing surface 56a formed between the first lower surface 54a and the second lower surface 55a, an upper fixing surface 56b formed between the upper surface of the first portion 54 and the upper surface of the second portion 55, and a side fixing surface 56c formed between both side surfaces in the beam width direction of the first portion 54 and both side surfaces in the beam width direction of the second portion 55. The boundary between the lower fixing surface 56a or the upper fixing surface 56b and the side fixing surface 56c is on an extension line of the lower edge or upper edge of the connecting end of the first portion 54 with the second portion 55.

[0065] As described above, by making the first portion 54 thinner than the second portion 55 in the beam width direction of the first beam 52 to form a side fixing surface 56c, it is possible to place tension members 33 on the sides of the first beam 52 in the beam width direction, thereby strengthening the crimping connection of the first beam 52 to the outer peripheral column 3A.

[0066] A building 61 according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 10. In the fifth embodiment, the shape of the first beam 62 (exit opening forming beam) and the arrangement of the first and second interior units 12A, 12B differ from those of the above-described embodiments.

[0067] The first beam 62 includes a PCa concrete member 62a including two first portions 64 that form both ends of the first beam 62 in the longitudinal direction and one second portion 65 that forms the center of the first beam 62 in the longitudinal direction and connects the two first portions 64. The first portions 64 are spaced apart from the slab 5 by a first height h. １ The second portion 65 has a first lower surface 64a that is a distance from the slab 5 of a first height h １A second height h that is lower than ２ The first portion 64 and the second portion 65 are flush with each other at the top surface and both side surfaces in the beam width direction.

[0068] The first interior unit 12A and the third interior unit 12C are disposed below one of the two first portions 64 when viewed from the beam direction, and are disposed so that their entirety faces the removal opening 23. The second interior unit 12B, which is disposed in the center between a pair of outer perimeter columns 3A, has approximately the same outer shape as the first interior unit 12A, and when viewed from the beam direction, the bulging portion 20 overlaps the second portion 65. When the third interior unit 12C is disposed so that its entirety faces the removal opening 23 when viewed from the beam direction, it may be removed from the removal opening 23 by moving it directly in the beam direction without moving it in the girder direction.

[0069] The first interior unit 12A can be removed by moving it toward the removal opening 23 in the beam direction. After removing the first interior unit 12A, the second interior unit 12B can be removed by moving it in the girder direction so that its bulging portion 20 is positioned below the first portion 74 when viewed from the beam direction, and then moving it toward the removal opening 23 in the beam direction. The third interior unit 12C may be removed in the same manner as the first interior unit 12A, or may be removed in the same manner as the second interior unit 12B after removing the second interior unit 12B. As described above, even if the first beam 62 has this shape, the interior units 12 can be removed and replaced.

[0070] A building 71 according to a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 11. A first beam 72 (exit opening forming beam) of the sixth embodiment includes a prestressed concrete structure including tendons 73.

[0071] The first beam 72 includes a PCa concrete member 72a including two first portions 74 that form both ends of the first beam 72 in the longitudinal direction and one second portion 75 that forms the center of the first beam 72 in the longitudinal direction and connects the two first portions 74. The first portions 74 are spaced apart from the slab 5 by a first height h. １ The second portion 75 has a first lower surface 74a that is a distance from the slab 5 of a first height h １ A second height h that is lower than２ The upper surface of the first portion 74 is located at a higher position than the upper surface of the second portion 75. The first portion 74 and the second portion 75 are flush with each other on both side surfaces in the beam width direction.

[0072] The tendons 73 are curved and arranged within the first beam 72, and are arranged on top of the first portions 74 near both ends in the longitudinal direction, and are arranged in a portion of the second portion 75 below the first lower surface 74a of the first portion 74 near the center in the longitudinal direction. A tension force may be applied to the tendons 73 by a pretensioning method or a posttensioning method. The tendons 73 are made of PC steel wire, PC steel strands, or strands of fiber-reinforced plastic such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, or glass fiber.

[0073] The tendons 73, which apply prestress to the first beam 72, suppress deflection and bending cracks in the first beam 72. The upper diagram in FIG. 11(B) shows the bending moment generated in a typical beam member. When such a bending moment occurs, it is rational to arrange the tendons 73 on the side (tension side) where the bending moment is generated with respect to the beam axis C, as shown in the lower diagram in FIG. 11(B). In the sixth embodiment, the first portions 74, which are positioned at a relatively high position for removing the interior unit 12, are arranged at both ends in the girder direction, and the second portions 75, which are positioned at a relatively low position, are arranged in the center of the girder direction, thereby enabling the rational arrangement of the tendons 73.

[0074] A building 81 according to the seventh embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 12. A first beam 82 (exit opening forming beam) according to the seventh embodiment includes a PCa concrete member 82a including a first portion 84 arranged on one side of the girder direction and a second portion 85 arranged on the other side of the girder direction and connected to the first portion 84. The first portion 84 is spaced apart from the slab 5 by a first height h １ The second portion 35 has a first lower surface 84a that is a distance from the slab 5 of a first height h １ A second height h that is lower than ２ The second lower surface 85a has a shape such that

[0075] There are two interior units 12 facing one removal opening 23: a first interior unit 12A and a second interior unit 12B. The side of the first interior unit 12A in the girder direction does not protrude into the space between the outer periphery column 3A and the interior column 3B, and the entire first interior unit 12A faces the removal opening 23 when viewed from the span direction. A worker can remove the two interior units 12 facing the removal opening 23 by moving the first interior unit 12A in the span direction and removing it from the removal opening 23, and then moving the second interior unit 12B in the span direction so that its bulging portion 20 is positioned below the first portion 84, and then moving it in the span direction and removing it from the removal opening 23. A worker can install a new interior unit 12 in the building 81 by performing the reverse procedure.

[0076] The ends of the first and second portions 84 and 85 opposite to the ends where they are connected to each other are also ends of the first beams 82 and are joined to the perimeter column 3A. The second portions 85 of the first beams 82, which are separate members, are joined to both sides of the perimeter column 3A (the central perimeter column 3A in the figure) to which the second portions 85 are joined. Anchoring surfaces 36 are formed in the second portions 85, and tendons 33 are inserted into through holes 37 formed in the second portions 85 of the two first beams 82 and through holes 38 formed in the perimeter columns 3A. Both ends of the tendons 33 are anchored to the corresponding anchoring surfaces 36 of the second portions 85. The first portions 84 may be joined to the perimeter columns 3A by pouring cast-in-place concrete, or by pressure-bonding by anchoring the tendons 33 inserted into the two first beams 32 and the three perimeter columns 3A to the side surfaces of the perimeter columns 3A on both sides in the girder direction.

[0077] By providing two interior units 12 for one outlet 23, it is possible to shorten the length of the first beam 82 or increase the width (length in the girder direction) of the interior unit 12 compared to other embodiments. In addition, by utilizing the height difference between the first lower surface 84a and the second lower surface 85a, it is possible to form an anchoring surface 36 for anchoring the tendons 33 for compression joints.

[0078] A building 101 according to an eighth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 13. Each interior unit 12 in the eighth embodiment has an outer contour that follows the exterior wall 9 (see Fig. 1) and adjacent interior units 12 in order to increase the interior plan area.

[0079] The interior unit 12 differs from the interior unit 12 of the first embodiment (see Figure 2) in that one end 12a facing the outlet 23 bulges out to protrude between a pair of outer columns 3A, and one side 12b of the second and third interior units 12B, 12C bulges out to protrude between the outer columns 3A and the inner column 3B; otherwise, it has a configuration in common with the interior unit 12 of the first embodiment.

[0080] Because the interior unit 12 thus projects between a pair of peripheral columns 3A and between the peripheral columns 3A and the interior columns 3B, a beam is formed in the chamber 6 (see FIG. 1 ) of the interior unit 12 on one side (one end 12a) of the bulging portion 20 corresponding to the first beam 4A of the first interior unit 12A, and on two sides (one end 12a and the upper part of one side 12b) of the bulging portion 20 corresponding to the first beam 4A and the second beam 4B of the second and third interior units 12B, 12C. Note that no beam is formed in the general portion 21 of the interior unit 12 on the entrance door 15 side. Furthermore, columns protruding into the interior of the interior unit 12 are formed in the portions of the second and third interior units 12B, 12C corresponding to the peripheral columns 3A and the interior columns 3B. The column of the peripheral column 3A is formed in the interior corner of the second and third interior units 12B, 12C. On the other hand, the column shape of the internal column 3B is formed in the middle of one side of the interior of the second and third interior units 12B and 12C, since the internal column 3B is positioned in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the second and third interior units 12B and 12C.

[0081] Because the interior unit 12 has the above-described shape, when viewed from the beam direction, the first interior unit 12A faces the removal opening 23 in its entirety, and the second and third interior units 12B, 12C partially face the removal opening 23, overlap the second part 25 of the first beam 4A at the bulge 20, and overlap the outer peripheral column 3A at one side 12b.

[0082] The interior unit 12 of the eighth embodiment can be removed and updated in the same procedure as in the first embodiment. When the second and third interior units 12B, 12C are moved in the longitudinal direction, the bulging portion 20 is positioned below the first portion 24 when viewed from the span direction, and the one side portion 12b is positioned at a position offset from the outer periphery column 3A, so that the second and third interior units 12B, 12C can be removed from the removal opening 23.

[0083] Although the specific embodiments have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modifications, and can be implemented in a wide variety of ways. In the second to fourth and seventh embodiments, the number of tendons may be changed. Furthermore, in the second to fourth embodiments, when two first beams are joined to the perimeter columns from opposite sides in the longitudinal direction, both ends of the tendons 33 may be fixed to the anchoring surfaces of the corresponding first beams, as in the seventh embodiment. In the seventh embodiment, the tendons may be fixed at one end to the anchoring surface of the first beam and at the other end to the side surface of the perimeter column, as in the second embodiment. In the seventh embodiment, the ends of the first beams may be joined to the perimeter columns by other means, such as pouring cast-in-place concrete at the joints with the perimeter columns, rather than by pressure joining with tendons. In the fourth embodiment, the upper surfaces of the first and second portions may be at the same height, and instead of providing an upper anchoring surface, the anchoring surface may be composed of a lower anchoring surface and a side anchoring surface. In the sixth embodiment, the upper surfaces of the first and second portions may be at the same height. In embodiments other than the sixth embodiment, tendons may be arranged to extend over substantially the entire length of the first beam in the longitudinal direction and prestress the first beam. In this case, the tendons may extend linearly or may be curved downwardly convexly. The second and third interior units may be dismantled and removed using the space formerly occupied by the first interior unit after the first interior unit is removed. In the above embodiments, the longitudinal direction and the span direction form an angle of 90°. However, the longitudinal direction and the span direction may be horizontal directions intersecting each other at an angle other than 90°. The shape of the interior unit of the eighth embodiment may be applied to the second to seventh embodiments. The removal opening may be closed by a reinforced concrete exterior wall. In this case, the exterior wall is dismantled, the interior unit is removed, a new interior unit is inserted, and a new exterior wall is then constructed.

[0084] 1, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 101: Building 3A: Peripheral column (column forming outlet) 4A, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82: First beam (beam forming outlet) 5: Slab 12: Interior unit 12A: First interior unit 12B: Second interior unit 12C: Third interior unit 20: Bulging portion 23: Outlet 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84: First part 24a, 34a, 44a, 54a, 64a, 74a, 84a: First lower surface 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85: Second part 25a, 35a, 45a, 55a, 65a, 75a, 85a: Second lower surface h1: First height h2: Second height 33: Tendon 36, 46, 56: Anchoring surface 36a, 46a, 56a: Lower anchoring surface 46b, 56b: Upper anchoring surface 56c: Side anchoring surface

Claims

1. A method for constructing a building structure comprising: a plurality of columns including a pair of outlet-forming columns arranged adjacent to each other and spaced apart in a first horizontal direction; a plurality of lower layer beams joined to the columns; a slab supported by the lower layer beams; a plurality of upper layer beams arranged one story above the lower layer beams and joined to the columns, the upper layer beams including an outlet-forming beam joined to the pair of outlet-forming columns so as to cooperate with the pair of outlet-forming columns and the slab to define an outlet; and a plurality of interior units placed on the slab, each of which at least partially faces the outlet, each of which has a width extending in the first horizontal direction and a length extending in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, the outlet-forming beam including a first portion having a first lower surface that is a first height away from the slab, and a second portion having a second lower surface that is a second height away from the slab that is lower than the first height, A building, wherein the multiple interior units include a first interior unit having a height less than the first height and greater than the second height, and the first interior unit is located below the first lower surface when viewed from the second horizontal direction so that it can be removed from the removal outlet by moving it in the second horizontal direction.

2. The building described in claim 1, wherein the plurality of interior units further includes a second interior unit adjacent to the first interior unit, the second interior unit having a height less than the first height and greater than the second height, and having a maximum height portion adjacent to the first interior unit, and the first horizontal width of the maximum height portion is less than the first horizontal length of the first lower surface.

3. The building described in claim 1, wherein the outlet forming beam includes a precast concrete beam member defining the first and second undersides, and a tension member crimping the outlet forming beam to the outlet forming column, the tension member being fixed at one end to an anchoring surface provided on the outlet forming beam and at the other end to a member arranged on the opposite side of the beam member in the first horizontal direction with respect to the crimping surface of the beam member with the outlet forming column, the anchoring surface being a surface exposed from the first part at the end face of the second part connected to the first part and facing the first horizontal direction, and including a lower anchoring surface formed between the first underside and the second underside.

4. The building described in claim 3, wherein an upper surface of the first portion is lower than an upper surface of the second portion, and the anchoring surface includes an upper anchoring surface formed between the upper surface of the first portion and the upper surface of the second portion.

5. A building as described in claim 3, wherein both side surfaces of the first part in the beam width direction are located inward in the beam width direction than both side surfaces of the second part in the beam width direction, and the fixing surface further includes side fixing surfaces formed between the both side surfaces of the first part and the both side surfaces of the second part.

6. A building as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first portion is located at the middle of the outlet forming beam in the first horizontal direction, the second portion is provided adjacent to the first portion and located at both ends of the outlet forming beam in the first horizontal direction, and the boundary between the first portion and the second portion is located in the second horizontal direction within a range of 10% of the inside span of the outlet forming beam from a point where the bending moment of the outlet forming beam becomes 0 in design calculations.

7. A building as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the outlet forming beam includes a precast concrete beam member defining the first underside and the second underside, the second portion is located at the middle of the outlet forming beam in the first horizontal direction, the first portion is provided in two portions adjacent to the second portion and located at both ends of the outlet forming beam in the first horizontal direction, and the beam member is a prestressed concrete member including tension members arranged so that the second portion passes partially below the underside of the first portion.

8. A building as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first portion is joined to one of a pair of exit-forming columns, the second portion is joined to the other of the pair of exit-forming columns adjacent to the first portion, and the number of interior units facing one exit is two.

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