Battery management device, operating method thereof, and battery pack

Abstract

A battery pack according to an embodiment disclosed in the present document may include: a plurality of battery cells; a first material positioned between the plurality of battery cells; a piezoelectric sensor adjacent to the first material; a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the plurality of battery cells; and a battery management device for determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor, on the basis of information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells.

Description

Battery management device and its operating method, battery pack

[0001] Cross-citation with related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 10-2023-0187611, filed December 20, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Technology field

[0004] The embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery management device and its operating method, and a battery pack.

[0005] Recently, research and development on secondary batteries has been actively conducted. Here, secondary batteries are rechargeable and include both conventional Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries, as well as recent lithium-ion batteries. Among secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries have the advantage of having a much higher energy density than conventional Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries. Furthermore, lithium-ion batteries can be manufactured in a compact and lightweight form, making them suitable for use as power sources for mobile devices. Recently, their use has expanded to include power sources for electric vehicles, attracting attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.

[0006] Rapid temperature changes in batteries can lead to reduced performance and fire hazards, so various technologies are being developed to prevent temperature fluctuations in batteries. Specifically, it may be possible to prevent rapid temperature changes in battery cells by placing heat-absorbing materials around the battery cells within the battery pack.

[0007] One purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and its operating method, and a battery pack, which can determine whether a phase change of paraffin adjacent to a battery cell is progressing normally through a piezoelectric sensor in the battery pack.

[0008] One purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and its operating method, and a battery pack capable of determining an abnormality of a plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of a piezoelectric sensor, or an abnormality of a temperature sensor based on information obtained from a piezoelectric sensor and a temperature sensor.

[0009] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the descriptions below.

[0010] A battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document may include a plurality of battery cells, a first material positioned between the plurality of battery cells, a piezoelectric sensor adjacent to the first material, a temperature sensor for detecting temperatures of the plurality of battery cells, and a battery management device for determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells.

[0011] In one embodiment, the battery management device can determine whether the first material has undergone a phase change based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor.

[0012] In one embodiment, the battery management device may determine that either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is faulty when the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below a first set value.

[0013] In one embodiment, the battery management device may determine that the plurality of battery cells are in an overheated state when the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a second set value.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first material can suppress an increase in the temperature of the plurality of battery cells during charging and discharging of the plurality of battery cells.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first material may be paraffin.

[0016] A battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an information acquisition unit that acquires temperatures of a plurality of battery cells from a temperature sensor and pressure information of a first material between the plurality of battery cells from a piezoelectric sensor, and a controller that determines an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells.

[0017] In one embodiment, the controller can determine whether the first material has undergone a phase change based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor.

[0018] In one embodiment, the controller may determine that either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is faulty when the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below a first set value.

[0019] In one embodiment, the controller may determine that the plurality of battery cells are in an overheated state when the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a second set value.

[0020] In one embodiment, the first material can suppress an increase in the temperature of the plurality of battery cells during charging and discharging of the plurality of battery cells.

[0021] An operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an operation of obtaining temperatures of a plurality of battery cells from a temperature sensor, obtaining pressure information of a first material between the plurality of battery cells from a piezoelectric sensor, and an operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells.

[0022] In one embodiment, the operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells may determine whether a phase change of the first material occurs based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor.

[0023] In one embodiment, the operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells may determine that either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is faulty when the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below a first set value.

[0024] In one embodiment, the operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells may determine that the plurality of battery cells are in an overheated state when the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or higher than a second set value.

[0025] A battery management device and its operating method according to one embodiment disclosed in this document, the battery pack can detect a phase change of paraffin inside the battery pack through a piezoelectric sensor and determine whether a temperature sensor or a piezoelectric sensor is broken.

[0026] In addition, the battery management device and its operating method according to one embodiment disclosed in this document, and the battery pack can detect a failure of a temperature sensor, thereby increasing the fire prevention rate.

[0027] In addition, various effects may be provided, either directly or indirectly, through this document.

[0028] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a typical battery pack.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0030] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0031] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing an operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0033] Hereinafter, embodiments disclosed in this document will be described in detail with reference to exemplary drawings. When designating components in each drawing, it should be noted that, where possible, identical components are given the same reference numerals, even if they appear in different drawings. Furthermore, when describing embodiments disclosed in this document, detailed descriptions of related known structures or functions will be omitted if they are deemed to hinder understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this document.

[0034] In describing the components of the embodiments disclosed in this document, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc. may be used. These terms are only intended to distinguish the components from other components and do not limit the nature, order, or sequence of the components. In addition, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document belong. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning they have in the context of the relevant technology, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this application.

[0035] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a typical battery pack.

[0036] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery control system including a battery pack (1) and an upper controller (2) included in an upper system according to one embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated.

[0037] As illustrated in FIG. 1, a battery pack (1) is composed of one or more battery cells and includes a plurality of battery cells (10) that are rechargeable and dischargeable, a switching unit (14) that is connected in series to the (+) terminal side or the (-) terminal side of the plurality of battery cells (10) to control the charge and discharge current flow of the plurality of battery cells (10), and a battery management system (20) that monitors the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery pack (1) and controls and manages to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, etc. In this case, the battery pack (1) may be equipped with a plurality of battery cells (10), sensors (12), switching units (14), and battery management systems (20).

[0038] Here, the switching unit (14) is a device for controlling the current flow for charging or discharging of a plurality of battery cells (10), and for example, at least one relay, magnetic contactor, etc. may be used depending on the specifications of the battery pack (1).

[0039] The battery management system (20) is an interface that receives values ​​measured from the various parameters described above, and may include a plurality of terminals and a circuit that is connected to the terminals and processes the values ​​received. In addition, the battery management system (20) may control the ON / OFF of a switching unit (14), for example, a relay or a contactor, and may be connected to a plurality of battery cells (10) and monitor the status of each of the plurality of battery cells (10). According to an embodiment, the battery management system (20) may include the battery management device (100) of FIG. 3. According to another embodiment, the battery management system (20) may be a different system from the battery management device (100) of FIG. 3. That is, the battery management device (100) of FIG. 3 may be included in the battery pack (1) or may be configured as another device external to the battery pack (1). In addition, the operation of the battery management device (100) below can be performed by a BMS (Battery Management System) in a vehicle, as well as by various devices such as a server, cloud, charger, or charger / discharger.

[0040] The upper controller (2) can transmit control signals for multiple battery cells (10) to the battery management system (20). Accordingly, the battery management system (20) can be controlled in operation based on the signals received from the upper controller (2).

[0041] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 2, a battery pack (1) according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document may include a plurality of battery cells (10), a first material (20), a piezoelectric sensor (30), a temperature sensor (40), and a battery management device (100). According to an embodiment, the battery management device (100) may have a configuration substantially the same as or included in the battery management system (20) of FIG. 1.

[0043] The first material (20) may be positioned between the plurality of battery cells (10). For example, the first material (20) may be positioned adjacent to the plurality of battery cells (10) and between each of the plurality of battery cells (10). For another example, the first material (20) may be positioned at a location capable of absorbing heat when heat is generated in the plurality of battery cells (10). According to an embodiment, the first material (20) may be paraffin, but is not limited thereto.

[0044] According to an embodiment, the first material (20) may undergo a phase change by absorbing heat based on the temperature of the plurality of battery cells (10). For example, when the temperature of the plurality of battery cells (10) increases, the first material (20) may absorb heat and liquefy. For another example, when the temperature of the plurality of battery cells (10) decreases, the first material (20) may release heat and solidify.

[0045] The piezoelectric sensor (30) may be adjacent to the first material (20). For example, the piezoelectric sensor (30) may sense a change in pressure when the phase transition of the first material (20) progresses and the volume of the first material (20) changes. According to an embodiment, when the first material (20) changes into a solid, the volume increases and the pressure increases, so the piezoelectric sensor (30) may be activated. According to another embodiment, when the first material (20) changes into a liquid, the volume decreases and the pressure decreases, so the piezoelectric sensor (30) may not be activated.

[0046] The temperature sensor (40) can detect the temperature of a plurality of battery cells (10). For example, a plurality of temperature sensors (40) may be provided to detect the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells (10). In another example, a single or multiple temperature sensors (40) may be provided to detect the temperature of some of the plurality of battery cells (10). According to an embodiment, the temperature sensor (40) may be attached to a battery cell.

[0047] The battery management device (100) can receive information from the piezoelectric sensor (30) and the temperature sensor (40). For example, the battery management device (100) can determine an abnormality in the plurality of battery cells (10), an abnormality in the piezoelectric sensor (30), and an abnormality in the temperature sensor (40) based on the information received from the piezoelectric sensor (30) and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells (10).

[0048] According to an embodiment, the battery management device (100) can determine whether the first material (20) has undergone a phase change based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor (30). For example, the battery management device (100) can determine that the first material (20) has undergone a phase change to a solid when the piezoelectric sensor (30) is activated after it has not been activated. As another example, the battery management device (100) can determine that the first material (20) has undergone a phase change to a liquid when the piezoelectric sensor (30) is activated after it has not been activated.

[0049] The battery management device (100) may determine that either the piezoelectric sensor (30) or the temperature sensor (40) is faulty when the piezoelectric sensor (30) is not operating and the temperature of a plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor (40) is below a first set value. For example, the first set value may be the temperature at which the first material (20) undergoes a phase change to a solid.

[0050] According to an embodiment, the battery pack (1) may include a plurality of piezoelectric sensors and a plurality of temperature sensors. In this case, the battery management device (100) may comprehensively consider information received from the plurality of piezoelectric sensors and the plurality of temperature sensors to determine whether either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is faulty.

[0051] The battery management device (100) can determine that the plurality of battery cells (10) are in an overheated state when the piezoelectric sensor (30) is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells (10) detected by the temperature sensor (40) is higher than a second set value. For example, the second set value may be the temperature at which the first material (20) changes into a liquid state.

[0052] According to an embodiment, the first material (20) can suppress an increase in the temperature of the plurality of battery cells (10) when the plurality of battery cells (10) are charged and discharged. For example, the first material (20) can suppress an increase in the temperature of the plurality of battery cells (10) by absorbing heat generated from the plurality of battery cells (10) and becoming liquefied.

[0053] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 3, a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an information acquisition unit (110) and a controller (120). According to an embodiment, the battery management device (100) may be substantially the same as the battery management device (100) of FIG. 2.

[0055] The information acquisition unit (110) can acquire the temperatures of multiple battery cells from a temperature sensor and obtain pressure information of a first material between the multiple battery cells from a piezoelectric sensor. For example, the temperature sensor can be attached to multiple battery cells so as to sense the temperatures of all or some of the multiple battery cells. As another example, the piezoelectric sensor can be attached adjacent to the first material so as to sense pressure information of the first material.

[0056] According to an embodiment, the first material may be positioned between a plurality of battery cells and may suppress an increase in the temperature of the plurality of battery cells during charging and discharging. For example, the first material may be paraffin.

[0057] In an embodiment, the piezoelectric sensor may be adjacent to the first material. For example, the piezoelectric sensor may sense a change in pressure when the first material undergoes a phase transition and changes in volume. In an embodiment, the piezoelectric sensor may be activated when the first material undergoes a phase transition to a solid, as the volume increases and the pressure increases. In another embodiment, the piezoelectric sensor may not be activated when the first material undergoes a phase transition to a liquid, as the volume decreases and the pressure decreases.

[0058] In an embodiment, the temperature sensor may detect the temperature of a plurality of battery cells. For example, multiple temperature sensors may be provided to detect the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells. In another example, a single or multiple temperature sensors may be provided to detect the temperature of some of the plurality of battery cells. In an embodiment, the temperature sensor may be attached to the battery cell.

[0059] The controller (120) can determine an abnormality in a plurality of battery cells, an abnormality in a piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality in a temperature sensor based on information received from a piezoelectric sensor and the temperature of a plurality of battery cells.

[0060] In an embodiment, the controller (120) may determine whether a phase change has occurred in the first material based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor. For example, if the piezoelectric sensor is activated after being inactive, the controller (120) may determine that the first material has undergone a phase change into a solid. In another example, if the piezoelectric sensor is activated after being inactive, the controller (120) may determine that the first material has undergone a phase change into a liquid.

[0061] Additionally, the controller (120) can determine whether there is a phase change in the first material and whether there is an abnormality in the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality in the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality in the temperature sensor based on the temperature of the plurality of battery cells.

[0062] In an embodiment, the controller (120) may determine that either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is faulty if the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below a first setpoint. For example, the first setpoint may be the temperature at which the first material undergoes a phase transition to a solid.

[0063] In an embodiment, the controller (120) may determine that the plurality of battery cells are overheated when the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is higher than a second set value. For example, the second set value may be the temperature at which the first substance changes into a liquid state.

[0064] According to an embodiment, the temperature sensors and piezoelectric sensors may be multiple. Accordingly, the controller (120) can determine whether the multiple temperature sensors and the multiple pressure sensors are normal based on information received from the multiple temperature sensors and the multiple pressure sensors. For example, if there are two temperature sensors and one pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is not operating and both temperature sensors indicate that the temperature of the multiple battery cells is below a first set value, the controller (120) can determine that there is an abnormality in the pressure sensor.

[0065] The battery management device (100) and battery pack (1) according to one embodiment disclosed in this document can detect a phase change of paraffin inside the battery pack through a piezoelectric sensor and determine whether a temperature sensor or piezoelectric sensor is broken.

[0066] In addition, the battery management device (100) and battery pack (1) according to one embodiment disclosed in this document can detect a failure of a temperature sensor, thereby increasing the fire prevention rate.

[0067] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document. According to the embodiment, the operations illustrated in FIG. 4 may be performed through the battery management device (100) of FIG. 3.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 4, in operation 210, the information acquisition unit (110) can acquire the temperature of a plurality of battery cells from a temperature sensor and obtain pressure information of a first material between the plurality of battery cells from a piezoelectric sensor.

[0069] In operation 220, the controller (120) can determine an abnormality in the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality in the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality in the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells.

[0070] According to an embodiment, in operation 220, the controller (120) may determine whether the first material has undergone a phase change based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor. For example, if the piezoelectric sensor is activated after being inactive, the controller (120) may determine that the first material has undergone a phase change to a solid. In another example, if the piezoelectric sensor is activated after being inactive, the controller (120) may determine that the first material has undergone a phase change to a liquid.

[0071] In an embodiment, in operation 220, the controller (120) may determine that either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is faulty if the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below a first setpoint. For example, the first setpoint may be the temperature at which the first material undergoes a phase transition to a solid.

[0072] In an embodiment, in operation 220, the controller (120) may determine that the plurality of battery cells are overheated if the piezoelectric sensor is not operating and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is higher than a second set value. For example, the second set value may be the temperature at which the first substance changes into a liquid state.

[0073] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing an operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 5, a computing system (1000) according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document may include an MCU (1010), a memory (1020), an input / output I / F (1030), and a communication I / F (1040).

[0075] The MCU (1010) may be a processor that executes various programs stored in the memory (1020) (e.g., a program for determining whether there is a phase change, a program for determining an abnormality, etc.), and processes various information including abnormalities in multiple battery cells, abnormalities in a piezoelectric sensor, abnormalities in a temperature sensor, and whether there is a phase change in a first material, through these programs, and performs the functions of the controller included in the battery management device shown in FIG. 3 described above.

[0076] The memory (1020) can store various programs, such as a program for determining whether a phase change has occurred and a program for determining an abnormality. In addition, the memory (1020) can store various information, including abnormalities in multiple battery cells, abnormalities in a piezoelectric sensor, abnormalities in a temperature sensor, and whether a phase change has occurred in a first material.

[0077] Such memories (1020) may be provided in multiple numbers as needed. The memories (1020) may be volatile memories or non-volatile memories. As volatile memories (1020), RAM, DRAM, SRAM, etc. may be used. As non-volatile memories (1020), ROM, PROM, EAROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memories, etc. may be used. The examples of the memories (1020) listed above are merely examples and are not limited to these examples.

[0078] The input / output I / F (1030) can provide an interface that enables data transmission and reception between an input device (not shown) such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel, and an output device (not shown) such as a display and the MCU (1010).

[0079] The communication I / F (1040) is a component capable of transmitting and receiving various data with the server, and may be any device capable of supporting wired or wireless communication. For example, the battery management device can transmit and receive various information, including abnormalities in multiple battery cells, abnormalities in the piezoelectric sensor, abnormalities in the temperature sensor, and whether or not the first material has undergone a phase change, from a separately provided external server via the communication I / F (1040).

[0080] In this way, a computer program according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may be implemented as a module that is recorded in a memory (1020) and processed by an MCU (1010) to perform each function illustrated in FIG. 3, for example.

[0081] The above description is merely an example of the technical idea disclosed in this document, and those skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain may make various modifications and variations without departing from the essential characteristics of the embodiments disclosed in this document.

[0082] Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed in this document are intended to illustrate, rather than limit, the technical concepts disclosed in this document, and the scope of the technical concepts disclosed in this document is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the technical concepts disclosed in this document should be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical concepts within the equivalent scope should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the rights of this document.

[0083] [Explanation of symbols]

[0084] 1: Battery pack

[0085] 2: Upper controller

[0086] 10: Multiple battery cells

[0087] 12: Sensor

[0088] 14: Switching section

[0089] 20: Battery Management System

[0090] 100: Battery management device

[0091] 110: Information Acquisition Department

[0092] 120: Controller

[0093] 1000: Computing Systems

[0094] 1010: MCU

[0095] 1020: Memory

[0096] 1030: Input / Output I / F

[0097] 1040: Communication I / F

Claims

1. Multiple battery cells; A first material positioned between the plurality of battery cells; A piezoelectric sensor adjacent to the first material; a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the plurality of battery cells; and A battery pack, comprising: a battery management device that determines an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells.

2. In paragraph 1, The above battery management device, A battery pack that determines whether a phase change has occurred in the first material based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor.

3. In paragraph 1, The above battery management device, If the piezoelectric sensor does not operate and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below the first set value, A battery pack, wherein either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is determined to be faulty.

4. In paragraph 1, The above battery management device, If the above piezoelectric sensor does not operate and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is higher than the second set value, A battery pack, wherein the plurality of battery cells are determined to be in an overheated state.

5. In paragraph 1, A battery pack, wherein the first material suppresses an increase in the temperature of the plurality of battery cells when the plurality of battery cells are charged and discharged.

6. In paragraph 1, A battery pack wherein the first material is paraffin.

7. An information acquisition unit that acquires the temperature of a plurality of battery cells from a temperature sensor and acquires pressure information of a first material between the plurality of battery cells from a piezoelectric sensor; and A battery management device, comprising: a controller that determines an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells.

8. In paragraph 7, The above controller, A battery management device that determines whether a phase change has occurred in the first material based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor.

9. In paragraph 7, The above controller, If the piezoelectric sensor does not operate and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below the first set value, A battery management device that determines that either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is faulty.

10. In paragraph 7, The above controller, If the above piezoelectric sensor does not operate and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is higher than the second set value, A battery management device that determines that the plurality of battery cells are in an overheated state.

11. In paragraph 7, A battery management device, wherein the first material suppresses an increase in the temperature of the plurality of battery cells when the plurality of battery cells are charged and discharged.

12. An operation of acquiring temperatures of a plurality of battery cells from a temperature sensor and acquiring pressure information of a first material between the plurality of battery cells from a piezoelectric sensor; and An operating method of a battery management device, comprising: an operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells; 13. In paragraph 12, An operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells is as follows. An operating method of a battery management device, which determines whether a phase change of the first material occurs based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor.

14. In paragraph 12, An operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells is as follows. If the piezoelectric sensor does not operate and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is below the first set value, A method of operating a battery management device, wherein either the piezoelectric sensor or the temperature sensor is determined to be faulty.

15. In paragraph 12, An operation of determining an abnormality of the plurality of battery cells, an abnormality of the piezoelectric sensor, and an abnormality of the temperature sensor based on information received from the piezoelectric sensor and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells is as follows. If the above piezoelectric sensor does not operate and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells detected by the temperature sensor is higher than the second set value, An operating method of a battery management device, wherein the plurality of battery cells are determined to be in an overheated state.

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