Degradable peptoids

Abstract

The present disclosure provides delivery vehicle compositions comprising degradable peptoids, and complexes of the delivery vehicles with polyanionic compounds, such as nucleic acids. The disclosure further provides methods of making and using the delivery vehicle compositions and complexes, such as for the delivery polyanionic compounds (e.g., nucleic acids) to cells. The disclosure also provides methods of eliciting an immune response with the delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure.

Description

DEGRADABLE PEPTOIDSBACKGROUNDDescription of Related Technology

[0001] Therapeutic nucleic acids, such as mRNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), small activating RNA (saRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, plasmids, and immune stimulating nucleic acids, have great promise for the prevention and treatment of diseases at the genetic level. Nucleic acids, however, typically undergo fast degradation in blood, renal clearance, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient endosomal escape. Therefore, a safe and effective system for delivering nucleic acids to a cell nucleus or cytosol is required for the nucleic acids to be therapeutically useful. Traditional methods for the cellular and in vivo delivery of polyanionic compounds, such as oligonucleotides, include viral vectors, cationic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and polycationic polymers. These delivery systems can be plagued by limitations such as poor stability, poor toxicology, immune response concerns, and suboptimal expression of their polyanionic cargo.

[0002] As nucleic acid therapeutics have grown in popularity, there has been growing concern over the body's ability to clear components of the delivery systems, particularly the lipid components thereof. Currently-used delivery systems do not use lipids that are explicitly degradable. Particularly with repeated and / or chronic dosing, timely clearance of these systems from the body is a concern. Accordingly, there is a need for nucleic acid delivery vehicles comprising degradable components, e.g., degradable peptoids.SUMMARY

[0003] There is a need for stable, safe, and efficacious systems for the delivery of nucleic acids to cells that are also degradable under in vivo conditions to avoid undesirable accumulation in the body. Accordingly, the present disclosure relates to delivery vehicle compositions comprising degradable peptoids, and complexes of the delivery vehicle compositions with polyanionic compounds, such as nucleic acids. The disclosure further relates to methods of making and using the delivery vehicle compositions and complexes for the endocellular delivery of polyanionic compounds, such as mRNA, as well as methods of eliciting an immune response with the complexes of the disclosure.

[0004] In one aspect, the disclosure provides compounds having a structure of Formula (I):wherein wherein n is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; R1is H, CHO, or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH; R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH, C^alkylene-Het, Ce- 24alkyl, or C^alkenyl; Het is Ce- aryl or a 5- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S; each R3independently is Ci-salkylene-Het, C^alkyl, or C^alkenyl, with the provisos that i) at least one R3is C^alkyl or C^alkenyl, and (ii) at least one and up to n of the Ce- 24alkyl or C^alkenyl are interrupted with at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group. In someaspects, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; R1is H or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH; R2is C2- salkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH; each R3independently is C6-24alkyl or C6-24alkenyl, with the proviso that at least one and up to n of the Chalky I or C^alkenyl are interrupted with at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group. In another aspect, provided are compounds of Formula (I) having e.g., a structure as recited in Table 1 . Also provided are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds disclosed herein.

[0005] Further provided are delivery vehicle compositions comprising a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound having a structure of Formula (I) and / or having a structure as recited in Table 1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are delivery vehicle complexes comprising a delivery vehicle composition described herein and a polyanionic compound (e.g., RNA). Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a delivery vehicle complex disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

[0006] Also provided are methods of inducing an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a delivery vehicle complex or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, thereby inducing an immune response in the subject. Also provided are methods of treating a viral infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a delivery vehicle complex or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, thereby treating the viral infection in the subject. Also provided are methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a delivery vehicle complex or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, thereby treating the cancer in the subject. Also provided are methods of delivering a polyanionic compound (e.g., RNA) to a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a delivery vehicle complex or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. Also provided are methods of forming a delivery vehicle complex disclosed herein, comprising contacting a compound or salt disclosed herein (e.g., a compound or salt having a structure of Formula (I) and / or a structure as recited in Table 1) with a polyanionic compound. Further provided are vaccines comporising a delivery vehicle complex or pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein, and methods of treating or preventing a disease or disorder (e.g., cancer) in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a vaccine as disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] FIG 1 shows the size and polydispersity index of delivery vehicles synthesized from peptoid compounds of Formula (I).

[0008] FIG 2 shows percent mRNA encapsulation by delivery vehicles synthesized from peptoid compounds of Formula (I).

[0009] FIG 3 shows the results of an in vivo firefly luciferase expression study using compounds of Formula (I).

[0010] FIG 4 shows the results of a DTT reduction assay using disulfide compounds of Formula (I).DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The successful delivery of mRNA remains a significant challenge toward its adoption as a mainstream therapeutic modality. The approval of mRNA vaccines against SARS-COV2 employing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology shows significant progress in this field, however the extension of mRNA drugs to applications beyond vaccines, such as protein replacement or immune-oncology therapies generating circulating antibodies, necessitates new delivery strategies and platforms. In these lipid nanoparticles, mRNA molecules are encapsulated in a combination of a cationic or ionizable lipid, helper lipids such as cholesterol and phospholipids, and a shielding lipid containing poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG). As mRNA is applied to a wider range of applications, including those which rely on IV delivery, there has been growing concern over the body's ability to clear the nanoparticles after delivery of their cargo. Degradation strategies have typically focused on the lipophilic portion of the cationic or ionizable lipid. Non-limiting examples of desirable properties of degradable peptoids include ease of incorporation into an existing peptoid scaffold, rapid diversification or amenability to incorporation of different functional groups, rapid metabolism in vivo, non-toxic and hydrophilic metabolites, and good chemical stability to storage, while also serving as good RNA delivery vehicles. Provided herein is a new class of peptoid based mRNA delivery vehicles, which utilize degradable peptoids as the ionizable lipid component to provide a delivery vehicle that can be degraded in vivo.

[0012] Disclosed herein, in some examples, are delivery vehicle compositions comprising degradable peptoids, including, for example, cationic peptoids comprising at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group on their lipid backbone. The delivery vehicle compositions of the disclosure can form an electrostatic interaction between the degradable peptoids of the delivery vehicle composition and a polyanionic compound, such as a nucleic acid, to form a delivery vehicle complex, wherein the polyanionic compound functions as the cargo of the complex. The delivery vehicle complex is useful for the delivery of polyanionic compounds, such as nucleic acids (e.g., mRNA), into cells. Delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure that include mRNA as the polyanionic cargo exhibit comparable mRNA expression to traditional peptoids both in vitro and in vivo. When the mRNA of the delivery vehicle complex encodes, e.g., for a viral antigen, the delivery vehicle complexes can elicit humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo, thus functioning as a vaccine. The delivery vehicle complexes disclosed herein are further advantageous in that they are rapidly cleaved under reducing and / or hydrolysis conditions.

[0013] As used herein, "peptoid” refers to a peptidomimetic compound in which one or more of the nitrogen atoms of the peptide backbone are substituted with side chains. As used herein, “poly anionic” refers to a compound having at least two negative charges, such as nucleic acids.Delivery Vehicle Compositions

[0014] Some example delivery vehicle compositions of the disclosure comprise one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group. These degradable peptoids are positively charged at in vivo conditions and can associate with a polyanionic compound, such as anucleic acid, to form a delivery vehicle complex. In some cases, the delivery vehicle compositions further comprise one or more of an anionic or zwitterionic component, such as a phospholipid; a neutral lipid, such as a sterol; and a shielding lipid, such as a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the delivery vehicle compositions further comprise an anionic or zwitterionic component (e.g., a phospholipid), a neutral lipid (e.g., a sterol), and a shielding lipid (e.g., a PEGylated lipid). In some cases, the delivery vehicle compositions consist essentially of one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, an anionic or zwitterionic component (e.g., a phospholipid), a neutral lipid (e.g., a sterol), and a shielding lipid (e.g., a PEGylated lipid).Degradable Peptoid Component

[0015] Peptoids are a unique class of N-substituted alpha-amino acids structurally related to peptides, but which incorporate their diverse side chain functionality on the amide nitrogen rather than alpha carbon allowing for modular synthesis. In a non-limiting embodiment, peptoids can be synthesized by the submonomer approach wherein repeating cycles of acylation using bromoacetic acid and nucleophilic addition of primary amines can be accomplished on a solid support, producing peptoids with high yield and fidelity. Peptoids have been successfully used in many applications including anti-fouling and anti-bacterial agents, to drug delivery and anti-freeze additives in tissue storage, and even as complexing agents for nucleic acids, but they have never been explored as the ionizable component of a lipid nanoparticle for mRNA delivery.

[0016] Given their favorable properties and modular nature, it is thought that peptoids make an excellent platform for the discovery of new ionizable lipids and exploration of structure-activity relationships. Peptoids are easily synthesized using a solid-phase synthesizer and have an even larger monomer pool than traditional peptides. Traditionally, discovery of new lipids for nucleic acid delivery has been highly empirical, therefore successful systems are often those which can introduce high degrees of structural diversity and rapidly explore a wide range of chemical space. Utilizing the solid-phase submonomer method, the peptoid based platform disclosed herein takes advantage of the tunable and programmable nature of peptoid structures to cover a wide range of chemical space more easily than can be achieved with traditional lipid synthesis. When formulated with mRNA, DSPC, Cholesterol and DMG-PEG, delivery vehicles are generated and characterized for physical properties and biological activity. Through iterative synthesis and particle screening, the relationship between peptoid structure and delivery vehicle activity can be explored.

[0017] Degradable peptoids are desirable for incorporation into RNA delivery vehicles because they are easily cleared by the body after delivering their cargo. Clearance occurs in two ways: inside the cell (via endosomal uptake), and which can be either chemical (i.e., low pH) or enzymatic in nature; and in plasma circulation, which can be via an antibody / immune cell mechanism, or enzymatic. Blood contains several hydrolytic enzymes, including cholinesterase, aldolase, lipase, dehydropeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase. It is therefore desirable to design degradable peptoids that can be broken down in these endogenous conditions. It is also desirable to design degradable peptoids that remain stable until the delivery vehicle has delivered its cargo.For example, and without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, degradable peptoids comprising disulfide bonds remain stable until they are taken up by cells because their degradation in vivo is generally accomplished via glutathione reduction, and glutathione concentrations are over one thousand times higher intracellularly than extracellularly.

[0018] The delivery vehicle compositions of the disclosure comprise one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group ("cationic component”, sometimes referred to as an "ionizable lipid"). In some cases, the degradable peptoids comprise a compound of Formula (I):wherein n is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;R1is H, CHO, or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH;R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH, C^alkylene-Het, C^alkyl, or C^alkenyl;Het is Ce-wary I or a 5- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S; each R3independently is Ci-salkylene-Het, C^alkyl, or C^alkenyl, with the provisos that i) at least one R3is Ce-24al ky I or C^alkenyl, and (ii) at least one and up to n of the C^alkyl or C^alkenyl are interrupted with at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group. In some cases, n is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; R1is H or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH; R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH; each R3independently is C^alkyl or C6-24alkenyl, with the proviso that at least one and up to n of the C^alkyl or Ce- 24alkenyl are interrupted with at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group. As used herein, "alkyl” refers to straight chained and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups containing one to thirty carbon atoms, for example, one to twenty four carbon atoms (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, or 24 carbon atoms). The term Cnmeans the alkyl group has “n” carbon atoms. For example, C3 alkyl refers to an alkyl group that has 3 carbon atoms. Ci-24alkyl refers to an alkyl group having a number of carbon atoms encompassing the entire range (i.e., 1 to 24 carbon atoms), as well as all subgroups (e.g., 1-2, 1-3,I-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11 , 1-12, 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17, 1-18, 1-19, 1-20, 1-21 , 1-22, 1-23, 1- 24, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 2-9, 2-10, 2-11 , 2-12, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21 , 2-22, 2- 23, 2-24, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 3-11 , 3-12, 3-13, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21 , 3-22, 3-23, 3-24, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11 , 4-12, 4-13, 4-14, 4-15, 4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21 , 4-22, 4-23, 4-24, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, 5-11 , 5-12, 5-13, 5-14, 5-15, 5-16, 5-17, 5-18, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21 , 5-22, 5-23, 5-24, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6-11 , 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, 6-15, 6-16, 6-17, 6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21 , 6-22, 6-23, 6-24, 7-8, 7-9, 7-10, 7-11 , 7-12, 7-13, 7-14, 7-15, 7-16, 7-17, 7-18, 7-19, 7-20, 7-21 , 7-22, 7-23, 7-24, 8-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-12, 8- 13, 8-14, 8-15, 8-16, 8-17, 8-18, 8-19, 8-20, 8-21 , 8-22, 8-23, 8-24, 9-10, 9-11 , 9-12, 9-13, 9-14, 9-15, 9-16, 9-17,9-18, 9-19, 9-20, 9-21 , 9-22, 9-23, 9-24, 10-11 , 10-12, 10-13, 10-14, 10-15, 10-16, 10-17, 10-18, 10-19, 10-20,10-21 , 10-22, 10-23, 10-24, 11-12, 11-13, 11-14, 11 -15, 11-16, 11-17, 11-18, 11-19, 11-20, 11-21 , 11-22, 11-23,I I-24, 12-13, 12-14, 12-15, 12-16, 12-17, 12-18, 12-19, 12-20, 12-21 , 12-22, 12-23, 12-24, 13-14, 13-15, 13-16,13-17, 13-18, 13-19, 13-20, 13-21 , 13-22, 13-23, 13-24, 14-15, 14-16, 14-17, 14-18, 14-19, 14-20, 14-21 , 14-22,14-23, 14-24, 15-16, 15-17, 15-18, 15-19, 15-20, 15-21 , 15-22, 15-23, 15-24, 16-17, 16-18, 16-19, 16-20, 16-21 ,16-22, 16-23, 16-24, 17-18, 17-19, 17-20, 17-21 , 17-22, 17-23, 17-24, 18-19, 18-20, 18-21 , 18-22, 18-23, 18-24,19-20, 19-21 , 19-22, 19-23, 19-24, 20-21 , 20-22, 20-23, 20-24, 21-22, 21-23, 21-24, 22-23, 22-24, 23-24, 1 , 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 , 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 carbon atoms). Nonlimiting examples of alkyl groups include, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl (2-methylpropyl), and f-butyl (1,1- dimethylethyl). Unless otherwise indicated, an alkyl group can be an unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group. As used herein, "alkenyl” refers to straight chained and branched hydrocarbon groups having a double bond and containing two to thirty carbon atoms, for example, two to twenty four carbon atoms (e.g., 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ,18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, or 24 carbon atoms). The term Cnmeans the alkenyl group has “n” carbon atoms. For example, C3 alkenyl refers to an alkenyl group that has 3 carbon atoms. C2-C24 alkenyl refers to an alkenyl group having a number of carbon atoms encompassing the entire range (i.e., 2 to 24 carbon atoms), as well as all subgroups (e.g., 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 2-9, 2-10, 2-11 , 2- 12, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15, 2-16, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21 , 2-22, 2-23, 2-24, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 3-11 , 3-12, 3-13, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21 , 3-22, 3-23, 3-24, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11 , 4-12, 4-13, 4-14, 4-15, 4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 4-20, 4-21 , 4-22, 4-23, 4-24, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, 5-11 , 5-12, 5-13, 5-14, 5-15, 5-16, 5-17, 5-18, 5-19, 5-20, 5-21 , 5-22, 5-23, 5-24, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10, 6-11 , 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, 6-15, 6-16, 6-17, 6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21 , 6-22, 6-23, 6-24, 7-8, 7-9, 7-10, 7-11 , 7-12, 7-13, 7-14, 7-15, 7-16, 7-17, 7-18, 7-19, 7-20, 7-21 , 7-22, 7-23, 7-24, 8-9, 8-10, 8-11 , 8-12, 8-13, 8-14, 8-15, 8-16, 8-17, 8-18, 8-19, 8-20, 8-21 ,8-22, 8-23, 8-24, 9-10, 9-11 , 9-12, 9-13, 9-14, 9-15, 9-16, 9-17, 9-18, 9-19, 9-20, 9-21 , 9-22, 9-23, 9-24, 10-11 ,10-12, 10-13, 10-14, 10-15, 10-16, 10-17, 10-18, 10-19, 10-20, 10-21 , 10-22, 10-23, 10-24, 11-12, 11-13, 11-14,11-15, 11-16, 11-17, 11-18, 11-19, 11-20, 11-21 , 11 -22, 11-23, 11-24, 12-13, 12-14, 12-15, 12-16, 12-17, 12-18,12-19, 12-20, 12-21 , 12-22, 12-23, 12-24, 13-14, 13-15, 13-16, 13-17, 13-18, 13-19, 13-20, 13-21 , 13-22, 13-23,13-24, 14-15, 14-16, 14-17, 14-18, 14-19, 14-20, 14-21 , 14-22, 14-23, 14-24, 15-16, 15-17, 15-18, 15-19, 15-20,15-21 , 15-22, 15-23, 15-24, 16-17, 16-18, 16-19, 16-20, 16-21 , 16-22, 16-23, 16-24, 17-18, 17-19, 17-20, 17-21 ,17-22, 17-23, 17-24, 18-19, 18-20, 18-21 , 18-22, 18-23, 18-24, 19-20, 19-21 , 19-22, 19-23, 19-24, 20-21 , 20-22,20-23, 20-24, 21-22, 21-23, 21-24, 22-23, 22-24, 23-24, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ,18,19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, or 24 carbon atoms). Nonlimiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, geranyl, and oleyl. Unless otherwise indicated, an alkenyl group can be an unsubstituted alkenyl group or a substituted alkenyl group.

[0019] The compounds disclosed herein (e.g., compounds of Formula (I) and compounds as shown in Table 1) comprise at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group. As used herein, the term "reductively cleavable group” refers to a functional group in a molecule that can undergo reduction under physiological conditions (e.g., under the physiological conditions of the human body) such that the molecule is cleaved into two or more (e.g., two) fragments. One non-limiting example of a reductively cleavable group is a disulfide group, which can undergo reduction and be cleaved in vivo into two thiol moieties (e.g., via reduction by endogenousglutathione). As used herein, the term "hydrolyzable group” refers to a functional group in a molecule that can undergo hydrolysis under physiological conditions (e.g., under the physiological conditions of the human body) such that the molecule is cleaved into two or more (e.g., two) fragments. One non-limiting example of a hydrolyzable group is an ester group, which can undergo hydrolysis and be cleaved in vivo into a carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl moiety (e.g., through hydrolysis catalylzed by one or more endogenous hydrolytic enzymes).

[0020] In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is a disulfide, ester, thioester, carbamate, or thiocarbamate group. In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is a disulfide or ester. In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is a disulfide. In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is S-S. In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is an ester. In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is C(O)O or OC(O). In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is C(O)O. In some cases, the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is OC(O). In some cases, at least one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with S-S. In some cases, one Ce-24al ky I or C^alkenyl is interrupted with S-S. In some cases, at least one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with C(O)O. In some cases, one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with C(O)O. In some cases, at least one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with OC(O). In some cases, one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with OC(O). Further non-limiting examples of reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable groups that may be used in the compounds disclosed herein include peptidase-cleavable linkages, hydrazones, acetals, ortho esters, vinyl ethers, and citraconic amides.

[0021] In some cases, n is 2 to 5. In some cases, n is 3 to 4. In some cases, n is 1 . In some cases, n is 2. In some cases, n is 3. In various cases, n is 4. In some cases, n is 5. In some cases, n is 6. In various cases, n is 7. In various cases, n is 8. In various cases, n is 9. In various cases, n is 10.

[0022] In some cases, R1is H or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH. In some cases, R1is H. In some cases, R1is C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH. In some cases, R1is methyl or ethyl. In some cases, R1is ethyl. In some cases, R1is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 0-2 additional OH. In some cases, R1is(hydroxyethyl). In various cases, R1is ethyl or hydroxyethyl. In some cases, C^alkyl is substituted with 1 OH. In some cases, C^alkyl is substituted with 2 OH. In some cases, C^alkyl is substituted with 3 OH. In some cases, R1is OHO.

[0023] In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH. In some cases, R2is C2- salkylene-OH substituted with 1 additional OH. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 2 or 3 additional OH. In some cases, R2is C2alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH. In some cases, R2is C3- 4alkylene-OH substituted with 1, 2, or 3 additional OH. In some cases, R2is Caalkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH. In some cases, R2is C4alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH. In some cases, R2is Csalkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH. In some cases, C^alkylene-OH is substituted with 1 additional OH. In some cases, C^alkylene-OH is substituted with 2 additional OH. In some cases, C^alkylene-OH is substituted with 3 additional OH. In some cases, R2is propyl-1 ,3-diol. In some cases, R2is. In some cases, C^alkylene-Het, C^alkyl, or C^alkenyl, and Het is Ce- aryl or a 5- to 8- membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C^alkyl or C^alkenyl. In some cases, R2is Ce-24alkyl . In some cases, C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with S-S, 0(0)0, or 0C(0). In some cases, C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with S-S. In some cases, Ce-24alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with 0(0)0. In some cases, C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with 00(0). In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- to 8- membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C2- salkylene-Het, and Het is a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is a 5-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is a 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is morpholino or imidazolyl. In some cases, R2is C2-5alkylene-Het, and Het is morpholino. In some cases, R2is C^alkylene-Het, and Het is imidazolyl. In some cases, R2is

[0024] In some cases, at least one R3is C^alkyl or C^alkenyl. In some cases, each R3independently is C^alkyl or C^alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is C^alkyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ce- 24alkenyl. In some cases, each R3is C6-24alkyl. In some cases, each R3is C^alkenyl. In some cases, each R3independently is Cs-wal ky I or Cs-i salkeny I and one or more Ce-isal ky I or Ce- alkeny I is interrupted with S-S, 0(0)0, or 00(0). In some cases, each R3independently is Cs-walkyl or Gw-walkenyl and one or more Cs-walkyl or Gw-walkenyl is interrupted with S-S, 0(0)0, or 00(0). In some cases, each R3independently is Cs-walkyl or Cs-walkenyl and one or more Ce-isalkyl or Cs-walkenyl is interrupted with S-S, 0(0)0, or 00(0). In some cases, each R3independently is Cio-i2alkyl or Cio-isalkenyl and one or more Cio-i2alkyl or Cw-isalkenyl is interrupted with S-S, 0(0)0, or 00(0). In some cases, each R3independently is: Cs-walkyl, or Cs-iealkyl, or Cs-walkyl, or Cs- walkyl, each of which may be interrupted with S-S, 0(0)0, or 00(0). In some cases, each R3independently is Cs-walkyl or Cs-walkenyl, with the proviso that at least one and up to n of the Cs- alkyl or Cs-walkenyl are interrupted with at least one functional group selected from S-S, 0(0)0, and 00(0). In some cases, at least oneR3is interrupted with S-S, C(0)0, or OC(O). In some cases, each R3is interrupted with S-S, C(O)O, or OC(O). In some cases, at least one R3is interrupted with S-S. In some cases, each R3is interrupted with S-S. In some cases, at least one R3is interrupted with C(O)O. In some cases, each R3is interrupted with C(O)O. In some cases, at least one R3is interrupted with OC(O). In some cases, each R3is interrupted with OC(O). In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl, Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkenyl, Ci-4alkenylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl, or Ci-4alkenylene-S-S-C8-i4alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkenyl . In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-4alkenylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl . In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-4alkenylene-S-S-C8-i4alkenyl . In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-ealkylene- C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl, Ci-6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkenyl, Ci-6alkenylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl, or Ci-6alkenylene-C(O)O-C6- i2alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci. 6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-6alkenylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-6alkenylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-6alkylene-OC(O)-C6- i2alkyl, Ci-6alkylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkenyl, Ci-6alkenylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkyl, or Ci-6alkenylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-6alkylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-ealkylene- OC(O)-C6-i2alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-6alkenylene-OC(O)-Ce-i2alkyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-6alkenylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is Ce- aryl or a 5- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is Cs-waryl . In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- to 8- membered heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- membered heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci- salkylene-Het, and Het is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 5-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is a 6- membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is phenyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is phenyl, morpholino, furanyl, or imidazolyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is morpholino, furanyl, or imidazolyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is morpholino. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is furanyl or imidazolyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is furanyl. In some cases, at least one R3is Ci-salkylene-Het, and Het is imidazolyl.In some cases, at least one R3is selected from the group consisting ofleast one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3is, cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3is, R3is, some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3is,3isIn some cases, at least one R3iso o. In some cases, at least one R3is. In some, e R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, at least one R3isIn some cases, each R3is selected from the group consisting of

[0025] Contemplated compounds of Formula (I) include, but are not limited to, the compounds listed in Table 1.Table 1. Examples of degradable peptoids.*Note that for compounds in the above table, a designation of CnH(2n+i) in the structure indicates a straight chain alkyl group that is not depicted for space reasons. For example C7H15 is (CFyeCHs.

[0026] The compounds of the disclosure are defined herein by their chemical structures and / or chemical names. Where a compound is referred to by both a chemical structure and a chemical name, and the chemicalstructure and chemical name conflict, the chemical structure is determinative of the compound's identity.

[0027] Unless otherwise indicated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, cis-trans, conformational, and rotational) forms of the structure. For example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers are included in this disclosure, unless only one of the isomers is specifically indicated. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, cis / trans, conformational, and rotational mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the disclosure. In some cases, the compounds disclosed herein are stereoisomers. "Stereoisomers" refer to compounds that differ in the chirality of one or more stereocenters. Stereoisomers include enantiomers and diastereomers. The compounds disclosed herein can exist as a single stereoisomer, or as a mixture of stereoisomers. Stereochemistry of the compounds shown herein indicate a relative stereochemistry, not absolute, unless discussed otherwise. As indicated herein, a single stereoisomer, diastereomer, or enantiomer refers to a compound that is at least more than 50% of the indicated stereoisomer, diastereomer, or enantiomer, and in some cases, at least 90% or 95% of the indicated stereoisomer, diastereomer, or enantiomer.

[0028] The compounds described herein can exist in free form, or where appropriate, as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to salts of a compound which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue side effects, such as, toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, glutamate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy- ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2- naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3- phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p- toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts of compounds containing a carboxylic acid or other acidic functional group can be prepared by reacting with a suitable base. Such salts include, but are not limited to, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, aluminum salts, ammonium, N+(C 1.4a! ky 1)4 salts, and salts of organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, pyridine, piperidine, picoline, dicyclohexylamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, 2-hydroxyethylamine, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, tri-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, procaine, dibenzylpiperidine, dehydroabietylamine, N, N'-bisdehydroabietylamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine, collidine, quinine, quinoline, and basic amino acids such as lysine and arginine. This disclosure also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products may be obtained by such quaternization. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.

[0029] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 25 mol% to about 70 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group (e.g., a compound of Formula (I), such as a compound of Table 1), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. The unit “mol%” or "molar percentage” refers to the number of moles of a particular component of the delivery vehicle composition divided by the total number of moles of all components in the delivery vehicle composition, times 100%. The polyanionic cargo is not calculated as part of the total number of moles of the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 30 mol% to about 60 mol%, or about 35 mol% to about 55 mol%, or about 30 mol% to about 45 mol%, or about 35 mol% to about 40 mol%, or about 45 mol% to about 60 mol%, or about 50 mol% to about 55 mol%, or about 38 mol% to about 52 mol%, or about 38 mol%, or about 52 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises less than about 50 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, such as less than about 49 mol%, less than about 48 mol%, less than about 47 mol%, less than about 46 mol%, less than about 45 mol%, less than about 44 mol%, less than about 43 mol%, less than about 42 mol%, less than about 41 mol%, less than about 40 mol%, less than about 39 mol%, less than about 38 mol%, less than about 37 mol%, less than about 36 mol%, less than about 35 mol%, less than about 34 mol%, less than about 33 mol%, less than about 32 mol%, less than about 31 mol%, less than about 30 mol%; and greater than about 20 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, such as greater than about 21 mol%, greater than about 22 mol%, greater than about 23 mol%, greater than about 24 mol%, greater than about 25 mol%, greater than about 26 mol%, greater than about 27 mol%, greater than about 28 mol%, greater than about 29 mol%, greater than about 30 mol%, greater than about 31 mol%, greater than about 33 mol%, greater than about 34 mol%, greater than about 35 mol%, greater than about 36 mol%, greater than about 38 mol%, greater than about 39 mol%, greater than about 40 mol%, greater than about 41 mol%, greater than about 42 mol%, greater than about 43 mol%, or greater than about 44 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles ofcomponents in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises less than about 50 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, such as less than about 49 mol%, less than about 48 mol%, less than about 47 mol%, less than about 46 mol%, less than about 45 mol%, less than about 44 mol%, less than about 43 mol%, less than about 42 mol%, less than about 41 mol%, less than about 40 mol%, less than about 39 mol%, less than about 38 mol%, less than about 37 mol%, less than about 36 mol%, less than about 35 mol%, less than about 34 mol%, less than about 33 mol%, less than about 32 mol%, less than about 31 mol%, less than about 30 mol%; and greater than about 20 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, such as greater than about 21 mol%, greater than about 22 mol%, greater than about 23 mol%, greater than about 24 mol%, greater than about 25 mol%, greater than about 26 mol%, greater than about 27 mol%, greater than about 28 mol%, greater than about 29 mol%, greater than about 30 mol%, greater than about 31 mol%, greater than about 33 mol%, greater than about 34 mol%, greater than about 35 mol%, greater than about 36 mol%, greater than about 38 mol%, greater than about 39 mol%, or greater than about 40 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 49.5 mol%, or about 30 mol% to about 45 mol%, or about 30 mol% to about 35 mol%, or about 40 mol% to about 45 mol%, or about 35 mol% to about 49 mol%, or about 36 mol% to about 48 mol%, or about 38 mol% to about 45 mol%, or about 38 mol% to about 42 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 49.5 mol% or about 35 mol% to about 49 mol%, or about 36 mol% to about 48 mol%, or about 38 mol% to about 45 mol%, or about 38 mol% to about 42 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 35 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 40 mol% to about 45 mol% of one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 35 mol% to about 39 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In various cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 39 mol% to about 52 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 42 mol% to about 49 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable orhydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 50 mol% to about 52 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol%, about 31 mol%, about 32 mol%, about 33 mol%, about 34 mol%, about 35 mol%, about 36 mol%, about 37 mol%, about 38 mol%, about 39 mol%, about 40 mol%, about 41 mol%, about 42 mol%, about 43 mol%, about 44 mol%, or about 45 mol% of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition.Anionic / Zwitterionic Component

[0030] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition further includes a component that is anionic or zwitterionic (“anionic / zwitterionic component”). The anionic / zwitterionic component can buffer the zeta potential of a particle or a delivery vehicle complex formed from the delivery vehicle composition, without affecting the ratio of the cargo and / or contributing to particle or delivery vehicle endosomal escape through protonation at low pH in the endosome. Zwitterionic components can serve a further function of holding particles together by interacting with both one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group and the polyanionic cargo compounds. Anionic components can also allow for the formation of a coreshell structure of the particle or delivery vehicle, where first a net positive zeta potential particle is made (e.g., by mixing the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group and the cargo at a positive + / - charge ratio), which is then coated with the anionic components. These negatively charged multicomponent system particles would avoid reticuloendothelial system (RES) clearance better than positively charged ones.

[0031] Examples of suitable anionic and zwitterionic components of the delivery vehicle composition are described in W02020 / 069442 and W02020 / 069445, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some cases, the zwitterionic component comprises one or more phospholipids. Phospholipids can provide further stabilization to complexes in solution, as well as facilitate cell endocytosis, by virtue of their amphipathic character and ability to disrupt the cell membrane.

[0032] In some cases, the one or more phospholipids are selected from the group consisting of 1 ,2-dilinoleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), 1 ,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1 ,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1 ,2-distearoyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-diundecanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DUPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0 Diether PC), 1- oleoyl-2-cholesterylhemisuccinoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OChemsPC), 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (C 16 Lyso PC), 1 ,2-dilinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1 ,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, 1 ,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1 , 2-d ioleoy l-sn-g ly cero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE),1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), 1 ,2-diphytanoyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (ME 16.0 PE), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2- dil i noleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoeth anol amine, 1 , 2-d i li nolenoy I -sn-g lycero-3-phosphoethanol ami ne, 1 ,2- diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1 -glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG), sphingomyelin, and mixtures thereof. In some cases, the phospholipid is DSPC, DOPE, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the phospholipid is DSPC. In various cases, the phospholipid is DOPE.

[0033] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 1 mol% to about 40 mol% of the phospholipid (e.g., DSPC or DOPE), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 3 mol% to about 30 mol%, or about 5 mol% to about 15 mol%, or about 5 mol% to about 10 mol%, or about 10 mol% to about 15 mol%, or about 9 mol% to about 12 mol%, or about 7 mol% to about 11 mol%, or about 7 mol% to about 12 mol%, or about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or about 9 mol%, or about 12 mol% of the phospholipid (e.g., DSPC or DOPE), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 10 mol% to about 11 mol% of the phospholipid (e.g., DSPC or DOPE), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 10.0 mol%, about 10.1 mol%, about 10.2 mol%, about 10.3 mol%, about 10.4 mol%, about 10.5 mol%, about 10.6 mol%, about 10.7 mol%, about 10.8 mol%, about 10.9 mol%, or about 11 .0 mol% of the phospholipid (e.g., DSPC or DOPE), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition.Neutral Lipid Component

[0034] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition further includes a component that is a neutral lipid ("neutral lipid component”). The neutral lipid component can be designed to degrade or hydrolyze to facilitate in vivo clearance of the multicomponent delivery system. Contemplated neutral lipid components include, for example, naturally-occurring lipids and lipidated peptoids comprising lipid moieties at the N-position of the peptoid. Further examples of lipidated petoids are described in WC2020 / 069442 and WC2020 / 069445, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0035] In some cases, the neutral lipid component of the delivery vehicle composition comprises one or more sterols. In some cases, the one more sterols are selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, fecosterol, sitosterol, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, tomatidine, ursolic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and mixtures thereof. In some cases, the sterol comprises cholesterol. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 10 mol% to about 80 mol% of the sterol (e.g., cholesterol), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 20 mol% to about 70 mol%, or about 25 mol% to about 60 mol%, or about 30 mol% to about 55 mol%, or about 35 mol% to about 50 mol%, or about 25 mol% to about 45 mol%, or about40 mol% to about 60 mol%, or about 30 mol% to about 40 mol%, or about 45 mol% to about 55 mol%, or about 35 mol%, or about 50 mol% of the sterol (e.g., cholesterol), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 40 mol% to about 55 mol%, or about 40 mol% to about 45 mol%, or about 50 mol% to about 55 mol% of the sterol (e.g., cholesterol), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 40 mol%, about 41 mol%, about 42 mol%, about 43 mol%, about 44 mol%, about 45 mol%, about 46 mol%, about 47 mol%, about 48 mol%, about 49 mol%, about 50 mol%, about 51 mol%, about 52 mol%, about 53 mol%, about 54 mol%, or about 55 mol% of the sterol (e.g., cholesterol), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition.Shielding Component

[0036] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition further comprises a shielding component. The shielding component can increase the stability of the particle or delivery vehicle in vivo by serving as a steric barrier, thus improving circulation half-life. Examples of suitable shielding components are described in W02020 / 069442 and W02020 / 069445, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0037] In some cases, the shielding component comprises one or more PEGylated lipids. As used herein, a "PEGylated lipid” includes any lipid or lipid-like compound covalently bound to a polyethylene glycol moiety. Suitable lipid moieties for the PEGylated lipid can include, for example, branched or straight chain aliphatic moieties that can be unsubstituted or substituted, or moieties derived from natural lipid compounds, including fatty acids, sterols, and isoprenoids, that either be unsubstituted or substituted.

[0038] In some cases, the lipid moieties may include branched or straight chain aliphatic moieties having from about 6 to about 50 carbon atoms or from about 10 to about 50 carbon atoms. The aliphatic moieties can comprise, in some cases, one or more heteroatoms, and / or one or more double or triple bonds (i.e., saturated or mono- or poly-unsaturated). In some cases, the lipid moieties may include aliphatic, straight chain or branched moieties, each hydrophobic tail independently having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms or from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, wherein the aliphatic moieties can be unsubstituted or substituted. In some cases, the lipid moieties may include, for example, aliphatic carbon chains derived from fatty acids and fatty alcohols. In some cases, each lipid moiety is independently C8-C24-alkyl or C8-C24-alkenyl, wherein the C8-C24-alkenyl can be, in some cases, mono- or poly-unsaturated.

[0039] Natural lipid moieties employed in the practice of the present disclosure can be derived from, for example, phospholipids, glycerides (such as di- or tri-glycerides), glycosylglycerides, sphingolipids, ceramides, and saturated and unsaturated sterols, isoprenoids, and other like natural lipids.

[0040] Other suitable lipid moieties may include lipophilic aromatic groups such as optionally substituted aryl or arylalkyl moieties, including for example naphthalenyl or ethylbenzyl, or lipids comprising ester functional groups including, for example, sterol esters and wax esters.

[0041] In some cases, the one or more PEGylated lipids are selected from the group consisting of a PEG- modified phosphatidylethanolamine, a PEG-modified phosphatidic acid, a PEG-modified ceramide, a PEG- modified dialkylamine, a PEG-modified diacylglycerol, a PEG-modified dialkylglycerol, and any combinations thereof. In some cases, the PEGylated lipids comprise a PEG-modified sterol. In some cases, the PEGylated lipids comprise PEG-modified cholesterol. In some cases, the PEGylated lipid is a PEG-modified ceramide. In some cases, the PEG-modified ceramine is selected from the group consisting of N-octanoyl-sphingosine-1- {succinyl[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)]}and N-palmitoyl-sphingosine-1-{succinyl[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)]}, and any combination thereof.

[0042] In some cases, the PEGylated lipids are PEG-modified phospholipids, wherein the phospholipid is selected from the group consisting of 1 ,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), 1 ,2-dimyristoyl-sn- glycero-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero- 3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1 ,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-diundecanoyl-sn-glycero- phosphocholine (DUPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0 Diether PC), 1-oleoyl-2-cholesterylhemisuccinoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OChemsPC), 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C 16 Lyso PC), 1 ,2-dilinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, 1 , 2-d i arachi donoy l-sn-glycero-3-phosphochol i ne, 1 ,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE),1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (ME 16.0 PE), 1 ,2-distearoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1 ,2-dilinolenoyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1 ,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2- didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1 -glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG), sphingomyelin, and mixtures thereof. In some cases, the phospholipid is DOPE.

[0043] In some cases, the one or more PEGylated lipids comprise a PEG-modified phosphatidylethanol. In some cases, the PEGylated lipid is a PEG-modified phosphatidylethanol selected from the group consisting of PEG-modified DMPE (DMPE-PEG), PEG-modified DSPE (DSPE-PEG), PEG-modified DPPE (DPPE-PEG), and PEG-modified DOPE (DOPE-PEG).

[0044] In some cases, the PEGylated lipid is selected from the group consisting of dimyristoylglycerolpolyethylene glycol (DMG-PEG), distearoylglycerol-polyethylene glycol (DSG-PEG), dipalmitoylglycerolpolyethylene glycol (DPG-PEG), and dioleoylglycerol-polyethylene glycol (DOG-PEG). In some cases, the PEG lipid is DMG-PEG.

[0045] The molecular weights of the PEG chain in the foregoing PEGylated lipids can be tuned, as desired, to optimize the properties of the delivery vehicle compositions. In some cases, the PEG chain has a molecular weight between 350 and 6,000 g / mol, between 1,000 and 5,000 g / mol, or between 2,000 and 5,000 g / mol, or between about 1,000 and 3,000 g / mol, or between abut 1,500 and 4,000 g / mol. In some cases, the PEG chain of the PEG lipid has a molecular weight of about 350 g / mol, 500 g / mol, 600 g / mol, 750 g / mol, 1,000 g / mol, 2,000g / mol, 3,000 g / mol, 5,000 g / mol, or 10,000 g / mol. In some cases, the PEG chain of the PEGylated lipid has a molecular weight of about 500 g / mol, 750 g / mol, 1,000 g / mol, 2,000 g / mol or 5,000 g / mol. The PEG chain can be branched or linear. In some cases, the PEGylated lipid is dimyristoylglycerol-polyethylene glycol 2000 (DMG- PEG 2000).

[0046] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 1 mol% to about 5 mol% of the PEGylated lipid (e.g., DMG-PEG 2000), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 1 mol% to about 3 mol%, or about 1 mol% to about 2 mol%, or about 2 mol% to about 5 mol%, or about 0.5 mol% to about 1 .5 mol%, or about 1 .5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, or about 1 .5 mol% to about 2.0 mol%, or about 2.0 mol% to about2.5 mol%, or about 1 mol%, or about 1 .5 mol%, or about 2 mol%, or about 2.5 mol%, or about 3 mol%, or about3.5 mol%, or about 4 mol%, or about 5 mol% of the PEGylated lipid (e.g., DMG-PEG 2000), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises between about 1 mol% to about 3 mol%, or about 1 mol% to about 2 mol%, or about 2 mol% to about 5 mol%, or about 0.5 mol% to about 1 .5 mol%, or about 1 .5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, or about 1 mol%, or about 1 .5 mol%, or about 2 mol%, or about 2.5 mol%, or about 3 mol%, or about 3.5 mol%, or about 4 mol%, or about 5 mol% of the PEGylated lipid (e.g., DMG-PEG 2000), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 1.5 mol%, 1.6 mol%, 1.7 mol%, 1.8 mol%, 1.9 mol%, 2.0 mol%, 2.1 mol%, 2.2 mol%, 2.3 mol%, 2.4 mol%, or about 2.5 mol% of the PEGylated lipid (e.g., DMG-PEG 2000), based on the total number of moles of components in the delivery vehicle composition.Representative Examples

[0047] Non-limiting delivery vehicle combinations are described below. As previously described, the unit “mol%” or "molar percentage” refers to the number of moles of a particular component of the delivery vehicle composition divided by the total number of moles of all components in the delivery vehicle composition, times 100%.

[0048] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises at least 99 mol% the cationic component and less than about 1 mol% shielding component (e.g., Formula F1A in Table 2). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises less than about 20 mol% of the cationic component, less than about 5 mol% of a shielding component, and more than about 75 mol% of a mixture of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the neutral lipid component (e.g., Formula F2A and Formula F4A in Table 2). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 to about 45 mol% of the cationic component, about 50 to about 70 mol% of a mixture of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the neutral lipid component, and about 1 .5 to about 4.5 mol% of the shielding component (e.g., Formula F3A and Formula F5A in Table 2). In various cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 15 to about 35 mol% of the cationic component, about 60 to about 80 mol% of a mixture of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the neutral lipid component, and about 1 .5 to about 3.0mol% of a shielding component (e.g., Formula F2A and Formula F3A in Table 2). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 15 to about 35 mol% of the cationic component, about 10 - about 20 mol% of an anionic / zwitterionic component, about 50 to about 65 mol% of a neutral lipid component, and about 1 .5 to about 3.0 mol% of a shielding component (e.g., Formula F2A and Formula F3A in Table 2). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 10 to about 20 mol% of the cationic component, about 75 to about 89 mol% of a lipid component, and about 1 to about 5 mol% of a shielding component (e.g., Formula F4A in Table 2). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 40 to about 50 mol% of the cationic component, about 50 to about 59 mol% of an anionic / zwitterionic component, and about 1 to about 5 mol% shielding component (e.g., Formula F5A in Table 2). In various cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 to about 50 mol% of the cationic component, about 50 to about 70 mol% of a neutral lipid component, and about 1 to about 5 mol% shielding component (e.g., Formula F6A in Table 2). In various cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 40 to about 45 mol% of the cationic component, about 50 to about 60 mol% of a mixture of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the neutral lipid component, and about 1 .5 to about 2.0 mol% of a shielding component (e.g., Formula F6.1 and Formula F6.2 in Table 2). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 40 to about 45 mol% of the cationic component, about 10 to about 15 mol% of an anionic / zwitterionic component, about 40 to about 45 mol% of a neutral lipid component, and about 1.5 to about 2.0 mol% of a shielding component (e.g., Formula F6.1 and Formula F6.2 in Table 2). In various cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 to about 35 mol% of the cationic component, about 60 to about 70 mol% of a mixture of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the neutral lipid component, and about 2.0 to about 3.0 mol% of a shielding component (e.g., Formula F6.3 in Table 2). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 to about 35 mol% of the cationic component, about 10 to about 15 mol% of an anionic / zwitterionic component, about 50 to about 55 mol% of a neutral lipid component, and about 2.0 to about 3.0 mol% of a shielding component (e.g., Formula F6.3 in Table 2). The cationic component can be any cationic component described herein, such as any of the compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., the compounds listed in Table 1. The anionic / zwitterionic component can be any anionic / zwitterionic component described herein (e.g., a phospholipid). In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC or DOPE. The neutral lipid component can be any neutral lipid described herein (e.g., a sterol). In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. The shielding component can be any shielding component described herein (e.g., PEGylated lipids). In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG2000.

[0049] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol % to about 60 mol% (e.g., about 35 mol% to about 39 mol%, or about 39 mol% to about 52 mol%, or about 42 mol% to about 49 mol%, or about 50 mol% to about 52 mol%) of the cationic component; about 3 mol % to about 20 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 25 mol % to about 60 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol % to about 5 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 35 to about 55 mol% of the cationic component; about 5 mol % to about 15 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 30 mol % to about 55 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 38 to about 52 mol% of the cationic component; about 9 - about 12 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 35 mol % to about 50 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol% to about 2 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 49 mol% of the compound of Formula (I); about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% of the phospholipid, about 30 mol% to about 55 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the composition comprises about 35 mol% to about 49 mol% of the compound or salt of Formula (I); about 7 mol% to about 12 mol% of the phospholipid, about 35 mol% to about 50 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 2 mol% of the PEGylated lipid. The cationic component can be any cationic component described herein, such as any of the compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., the compounds listed in Table 1). The anionic / zwitterionic component can be any anionic / zwitterionic component described herein (e.g., a phospholipid). In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC or DOPE. The neutral lipid component can be any neutral lipid described herein (e.g., a sterol). In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. The shielding component can be any shielding component described herein (e.g., PEGylated lipids). In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG2000.

[0050] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 45 mol% of the cationic component; about 5 mol % to about 15 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 40 mol % to about 60 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol % to about 5 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 35 mol % to about 40 mol% of the cationic component; about 8 mol% to about 12 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 45 mol % to about 50 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol % to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 38.2 mol% of the cationic component; about 11 .8 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 48.2 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 .9 mol% of the shielding component ("Form F2”). The cationic component can be any cationic component described herein, such as any of the compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., the compounds listed in Table 1). The anionic / zwitterionic component can be any anionic / zwitterionic component described herein (e.g., a phospholipid). In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC or DOPE. The neutral lipid component can be any neutral lipid described herein (e.g., a sterol). In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. The shielding component can be any shielding component described herein (e.g., PEGylated lipids). In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG-2000. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises Form F2, as shown in Table 2, below. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 38.2 mol% of a compound of Formula (I), about 11 .8 mol% of DSPC, about 48.2 mol% of cholesterol, and about 1 .9 mol% of DMG-PEG-2000.

[0051] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 45 to about 55 mol% of the cationic component; about 5 mol % to about 15 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 35 mol % to about 55 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol % to about 5 mol% of the shielding component. In somecases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 48 mol % to about 52 mol% of the cationic component; about 5 mol % to about 12 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 38 mol % to about 42 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol % to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 51 .3 mol% of the cationic component; about 9.3 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 38.0 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 .5 mol% of the shielding component ("Form F6 / 17"). The cationic component can be any cationic component described herein, such as any of the compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., the compounds listed in Table 1). The anionic / zwitterionic component can be any anionic / zwitterionic component described herein (e.g., a phospholipid). In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC or DOPE. The neutral lipid component can be any neutral lipid described herein (e.g., a sterol). In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. The shielding component can be any shielding component described herein (e.g., PEGylated lipids). In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG 2000. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises Form F6 / 17, as shown in Table 2, below. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 51 .3 mol% of a compound of Formula (I), about 9.3 mol% of DSPC, about 38.0 mol% of cholesterol, and about 1 .5 mol% of DMG-PEG 2000.

[0052] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 49 mol% of the cationic component; about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 30 mol% to about 55 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 48 mol% to about 52 mol% of the cationic component; about 5 mol% to about 12 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 38 mol% to about 42 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1mol% to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 42.6 mol% of the cationic component; about 10.0 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 44.7 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 .7 mol% of the shielding component. The cationic component can be any cationic component described herein, such as any of the compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., the compounds listed in Table 1). The anionic / zwitterionic component can be any anionic / zwitterionic component described herein (e.g., a phospholipid). In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC or DOPE. The neutral lipid component can be any neutral lipid described herein (e.g., a sterol). In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. The shielding component can be any shielding component described herein (e.g., PEGylated lipids). In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG 2000. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises Form F6 / 12 or Form F6 / 15, as shown in Table 2, below. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 42.6 mol% of a compound of Formula (I), about 10.9 mol% of DSPC, about 44.7 mol% of cholesterol, and about 1.7 mol% of DMG-PEG 2000. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 48.1 mol% of a compound of Formula (I), about 9.9 mol% of DSPC, about 40.4 mol% of cholesterol, and about 1 .6 mol% of DMG-PEG 2000.

[0053] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 40 mol% to about 49 mol% of thecationic component; about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 30 mol% to about 55 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 42 mol% to about 46 mol% of the cationic component; about 7 mol% to about 12 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 41 mol% to about 45 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1mol% to about 2 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 44.4 mol% of the cationic component; about 10.6 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 43.3 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 .7 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 44.4 mol% of the cationic component; about 10.6 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 43.4 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 .7 mol% of the shielding component. The cationic component can be any cationic component described herein, such as any of the compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., the compounds listed in Table 1). The anionic / zwitterionic component can be any anionic / zwitterionic component described herein (e.g., a phospholipid). In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC or DOPE. The neutral lipid component can be any neutral lipid described herein (e.g., a sterol). In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. The shielding component can be any shielding component described herein (e.g., PEGylated lipids). In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG 2000. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises F6.1 or F6.2, as shown in Table 2, below. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 44.4 mol% of a compound of Formula (I), about 10.6 mol% of DSPC, about 43.3 mol% of cholesterol, and about 1 .7 mol% of DMG-PEG 2000. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 44.4 mol% of a compound of Formula (I), about 10.6 mol% of DSPC, about 43.4 mol% of cholesterol, and about 1.7 mol% of DMG-PEG 2000.

[0054] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 39 mol% of the cationic component; about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 30 mol% to about 55 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 35 mol% of the cationic component; about 7 mol% to about 12 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 50 mol% to about 55 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 2 mol% to about 3 mol% of the shielding component. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 33.1 mol% of the cationic component; about 10.5 mol% of the anionic / zwitterionic component, about 53.8 mol% of the neutral lipid compound, and about 2.5 mol% of the shielding component. The cationic component can be any cationic component described herein, such as any of the compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., the compounds listed in Table 1). The anionic / zwitterionic component can be any anionic / zwitterionic component described herein (e.g., a phospholipid). In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC or DOPE. The neutral lipid component can be any neutral lipid described herein (e.g., a sterol). In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. The shielding component can be any shielding component described herein (e.g., PEGylated lipids). In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG 2000. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises F6.3, asshown in Table 2, below. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition comprises about 33.1 mol% of a compound of Formula (I), about 10.5 mol% of DSPC, about 53.8 mol% of cholesterol, and about 2.5 mol% of DMG-PEG 2000.

[0055] Non-limiting examples delivery vehicle compositions of the disclosure based on compounds of Formula (I) as the cationic component (characterized by mol%) can be found in Table 2, below. Values are calculated as a mol% based on a mass of 907.9 Da.Table 2. Delivery Vehicle Compositions

[0056] In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition is F6.1, F6.2, or F6.3. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition is F1A, F2A, F3A, F4A, F5A, F6A, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 / 12, F6 / 15, or F6 / 17. In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition is D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, D14, D15, D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D22, D23, D24, D25, D26, D27, D28, D29, D30, D31, or D32.Delivery Vehicle Complexes (DV)

[0057] The delivery vehicle compositions disclosed herein can form complexes with one or more polyanionic compounds (e.g., nucleic acids) through an electrostatic interaction between the cationic component of the delivery vehicle composition and the polyanionic compound. Thus, a delivery vehicle complex refers to a mixture comprising a delivery vehicle composition, as disclosed herein, and a polyanionic compound. The complexes, in some instances, permit a high amount of cargo encapsulation, are stable, and demonstrate excellent efficiency and tolerability in vivo. The delivery vehicle complexes, therefore, are useful as delivery vehicles for the transportation of the polyanionic cargo encapsulated therein to a target cell. Additionally or alternatively, the delivery vehicle complexes can include a non-anionic cargo. Accordingly, another aspect of the disclosurerelates to a delivery vehicle complex comprising: (1) a delivery vehicle composition, as previously described herein, and (2) a polyanionic compound (or cargo). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition complexes with one polyanionic compound (e.g., one RNA). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition complexes with two different polyanionic compound (e.g., two different RNAs or an RNA and a DNA). In some cases, the delivery vehicle composition complexes with three or more different polyanionic compounds (e.g., 3, 4, or 5 different RNAs). In some cases, the multicomponent delivery vehicle system complexes with one or more of a nucleic acid selected from DNA and RNA (e.g., an antigenic RNA and adjuvanting DNA, such as CpG).

[0058] The delivery vehicle complexes described herein may be characterized by the relative mass ratio of one of the components of the delivery vehicle composition to the cargo (e.g., a polyanionic compound) in the complex. Mass ratios of the components in the delivery vehicle complex can be readily calculated based upon the known concentrations and volumes of stock solutions of each component used in preparing the complex. Moreover, if non-anionic cargoes are present in the delivery vehicle complex, mass ratios may provide a more accurate representation of the relative amounts of delivery vehicle components to the overall cargo than cation:anion charge ratios, which do not account for non-anionic material. Specifically, the mass ratio of a component refers to the ratio of the mass of this particular component in the system to the mass of the "cargo” in the system. "Cargo” may refer to the total polyanionic compound(s) present in the system. In one example, the polyanionic compound(s) may refer to nucleic acid(s). In one example, the polyanionic compound(s) refer to mRNA(s) encoding at least one protein.

[0059] In some cases, the cationic component and the polyanionic compound of the delivery vehicle complex have a mass ratio between about 0.5:1 and about 20:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 10:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 5:1, between about 1 :1 and about 20:1, between about 1 :1 and about 10:1, between about 1 :1 and about 5:1, between about 2:1 and about 20:1, between about 2:1 and about 10:1, or between about 2:1 and about 5:1. In some cases, the cationic component and the polyanionic compound of the delivery vehicle complex have a mass ratio between about 2:1 and about 5:1. In still yet other cases, the cationic component and the polyanionic compound of the delivery vehicle complex have a mass ratio of about 3:1. In other cases, the cationic component and the polyanionic compound of the delivery vehicle complex have a mass ratio of about 19:1. In other cases, the cationic component and the polyanionic compound of the delivery vehicle complex have a mass ratio of about 20:1. In other cases, the cationic component and the polyanionic compound of the delivery vehicle complex have a mass ratio of about 13:1. In other cases, the cationic component and the polyanionic compound of the delivery vehicle complex have a mass ratio of about 10:1. In some cases, the cationic component can be a compound of Formula (I), such as a compound listed in Table 1.

[0060] In certain cases wherein the delivery vehicle complex comprises a nucleic acid as the polyanionic compound, or cargo, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is between about 0.5:1 and about 20:1, or between about 0.5:1 and about 10:1, or between about 0.5:1 and about 5:1, or between about 1 :1 and about 20: 1 , or between about 1 :1 and about 10: 1 , or between about 1 :1 and about 5: 1 , or between about 2: 1 and about 20:1, or between about 2:1 and about 10:1, or between about 2:1 and about 5:1. In certain cases, themass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is between about 2:1 and about 5:1. In still yet other cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 3:1 . In other cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 19:1. In other cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 20: 1 . In other cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 13:1. In other cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 10:1. In some cases, the cationic component can be a compound of Formula (I), such as a compound listed in Table 1.

[0061] In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is between about 5:1 to about 25:1, or about 7:1 to about 20:1, or about 10:1 to about 17:1, or about 9.5:1 to about 10.5:1, or about 11 :1 to about 17:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 20:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 19:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 17:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 15:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 13:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 12:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the cationic component and the nucleic acid is about 10:1. In some cases, the cationic component can be a compound of Formula (I), as previously described herein, such as a compound listed in Table 1. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA.

[0062] In some cases, the mass ratio of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic compound is about 2: 1 to about 10: 1 , or about 2: 1 to about 3: 1 , or about 2: 1 to about 4: 1 , or about 5: 1 to about 10:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic compound is about 2:1 to about 10:1, or about 2:1 to about 3:1, or about 5:1 to about 10:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic compound is about 4:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic compound is about 2.7:1. In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component can be a phospholipid, as previously described herein. In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DOPE, DSPC, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the anionic / zwitterionic component is DSPC. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA.

[0063] In some cases, the mass ratio of the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic compound is between about 5: 1 to about 8: 1 , or about 4: 1 to about 7: 1 , or about 5: 1 to about 6: 1 , or about 1 : 1 to about 5:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic compound is between about 4:1 to about 7:1, or about 5:1 to about 6:1, or about 1 :1 to about 5:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic compound is about 5.4:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic compound is about 8.1 :1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic compound is about 6.7:1. In some cases, the neutral lipid component can be a sterol, as previously described herein. In some cases, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA.

[0064] In some cases, the mass ratio of the shielding component and the polyanionic compound is between about 0.5:1 to about 2.5:1, or about 1 :1 to about 2:1, or about 2:1 to about 3:1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic compound is about 2.1 :1. In some cases, the mass ratio of the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic compound is about 1.4:1. In some cases, the shielding component can be a PEGylated lipid, as previously described herein. In some cases, the shielding component is DMG-PEG 2000. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA.

[0065] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 10:1, the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1, the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1, and the shielding component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 1.4:1 ("Form F2”). In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), the anionic / zwitterionic component is a phospholipid, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol, and the shielding component is a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the polyanionic compound is a nucleic acid, such as RNA. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises a compound of Formula (I) at a mass ratio of about 10:1 with the nucleic acid, DSPC at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1 with the nucleic acid, cholesterol at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1 with the nucleic acid, and DMG-PEG 2000 at a mass ratio of about 1 .4 with the nucleic acid.

[0066] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 17:1, the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1, the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1, and the shielding component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 1.4:1 ("Form F6 / 17”). In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), the anionic / zwitterionic component is a phospholipid, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol, and the shielding component is a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises a compound of Formula (I) at a mass ratio of about 17:1 with the nucleic acid, DSPC at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1 with the nucleic acid, cholesterol at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1 with the nucleic acid, and DMG-PEG 2000 at a mass ratio of about 1 .4 with the nucleic acid.

[0067] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 12:1, the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1, the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1, and the shielding component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 1.4:1 ("Form F6 / 12”). In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), the anionic / zwitterionic component is a phospholipid, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol, and the shielding component is a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises a compound of Formula (I) at a mass ratio of about 12:1 with the nucleic acid, DSPC at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1 with the nucleic acid, cholesterol at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1 with the nucleic acid, and DMG-PEG 2000 at a mass ratio of about 1 .4 with the nucleic acid.

[0068] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 15:1, the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1, the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1, and the shielding component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 1.4:1 ("Form F6 / 15”). In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), the anionic / zwitterionic component is a phospholipid, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol, and the shielding component is a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises a compound of Formula (I) at a mass ratio of about 15:1 with the nucleic acid, DSPC at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1 with the nucleic acid, cholesterol at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1 with the nucleic acid, and DMG-PEG 2000 at a mass ratio of about 1 .4 with the nucleic acid.

[0069] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 13:1, the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1, the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1, and the shielding component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 1.4:1 (“F6.1”). In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), the anionic / zwitterionic component is a phospholipid, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol, and the shielding component is a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises a compound of Formula (I) at a mass ratio of about 13:1 with the nucleic acid, DSPC at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1 with the nucleic acid, cholesterol at a mass ratio of about 5.4:1 with the nucleic acid, and DMG-PEG 2000 at a mass ratio of about 1 .4 with the nucleic acid.

[0070] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 19:1, the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 4.0:1, the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 8.1 :1, and the shielding component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.1 :1 (“F6.2”). In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), the anionic / zwitterionic component is a phospholipid, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol, and the shielding component is a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, the polyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises a compound of Formula (I) at a mass ratio of about 19:1 with the nucleic acid, DSPC at a mass ratio of about 4.0:1 with the nucleic acid, cholesterol at a mass ratio of about 8.1 :1 with the nucleic acid, and DMG-PEG 2000 at a mass ratio of about 2.1 with the nucleic acid.

[0071] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 9.7, the anionic / zwitterionic component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1, the neutral lipid component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 6.7:1, and the shielding component and the polyanionic cargo at a mass ratio of about 2.1 :1 (“F6.3”). In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), the anionic / zwitterionic component is a phospholipid, the neutral lipid component is cholesterol, and the shielding component is a PEGylated lipid. In some cases, thepolyanionic cargo is a nucleic acid, such as RNA. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises a compound of Formula (I) at a mass ratio of about 9.7:1 with the nucleic acid, DSPC at a mass ratio of about 2.7:1 with the nucleic acid, cholesterol at a mass ratio of about 6.7:1 with the nucleic acid, and DMG-PEG 2000 at a mass ratio of about 2.1 with the nucleic acid.

[0072] In still other cases, the amount of polyanionic cargo present in the delivery vehicle complexes may be characterized by a mass ratio of delivery vehicle composition (e.g., one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group, phospholipid, cholesterol, and / or the shielding component in total) to the one or more polyanionic cargo compounds. In some cases, the mass ratio of the delivery vehicle composition to the one or more polyanionic cargo compounds is between about 0.5:1 and about 20:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 10:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 5:1, between about 1 :1 and about 20:1, between about 1 :1 and about 10:1, between about 1 :1 and about 5:1, between about 2:1 and about 20:1, between about 2:1 and about 10:1, or between about 2:1 and about 5:1. In certain cases, the mass ratio of the delivery vehicle composition to the one or more polyanionic cargo compounds is between about 5:1 and about 8:1 or between about 6:1 and about 7:1.

[0073] In some cases, the compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof, phospholipid, sterol, and PEGylated lipid are present in a mass ratio of about 20 : 1 .8 : 7.2 : 1 .8 (“D22”). In some cases, the phospholipid is DSPC. In some cases, the sterol is cholesterol. In some cases, the PEGylated lipid is DMG-PEG2000.

[0074] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes described herein may be characterized by the ratio of the number cationic groups on the cationic component of the delivery vehicle composition to the number of anionic phosphate groups on the nucleic acid cargo. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of between about 0.5:1 and about 20:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 10:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 5:1, between about 1 :1 and about 20:1, between about 1 :1 and about 10:1, between about 1 :1 and about 5:1, between about 2:1 and about 20:1, between about 2:1 and about 10: 1 , or between about 2:1 and about 5: 1 , or between about 3: 1 and about 8: 1 , or between about 3:1 and about 7:1, or between about 3:1 and about 4:1, or between about 4:1 and about 5:1, or between about 6:1 and about 7:1, or between about 7:1 and about 8:1. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of between about 0.5:1 and about 20:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 10:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 5:1, between about 1 :1 and about 20:1, between about 1 :1 and about 10:1, between about 1 :1 and about 5:1, between about 2:1 and about 20:1, between about 2:1 and about 10:1, or between about 2:1 and about 5:1, or between about 3:1 and about 7:1, or between about 3:1 and about 4:1, or between about 6:1 and about 7:1. In certain cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic component and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of between about 2: 1 and about 5: 1 . In still yet other cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic compound and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of about 3:1. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic compound and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of about 3.7:1. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic compound and the nucleic acid at acati on : anion charge ratio of about 6.4: 1 . In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic compound and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of about 4.8: 1. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic compound and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of about 7.2: 1. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex comprises the cationic compound and the nucleic acid at a cation:anion charge ratio of about 3.6: 1. In some cases, the cationic component is a compound of Formula (I), such as a compound listed in Table 1.

[0075] Non limiting examples delivery vehicle compositions characterized by mass ratio and charge ratio can be found in Table 3, below. The charge ratio calculation in Table 3 assumes a peptoid molecular weight of 906.79 Da. A skilled artisan will understand how to modify the quantities of the delivery vehicle system components to achieve a desired charge ratio based on the mass of the peptoid used in the formulation.Table 3. Mass and Charge Ratios of the Delivery Vehicle System Components to Polyanionic CargoMC indicates not calculatedDelivery Vehicle Complex Characterization

[0076] The delivery vehicle complexes disclosed herein can be characterized by various different parameters, such as particle size, polydispersity index, and percent encapsulation of cargo. In some cases, a delivery vehicle complex resembles nanoparticle, including at least one polyanionic compound (described further below) beingencapsulated by a delivery vehicle composition. In some cases, such a complex is an mRNA nanoparticle including a delivery vehicle composition encapsulating at least one mRNA.

[0077] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes disclosed herein can have a mean diameter of less than 300 nm, or less than 275 nm, or less than 250 nm, or less than 225 nm, or less than 200 nm, or less than 175 nm, or less than 150 nm, or less than 125 nm, or less than 100 nm, or less than 90 nm, or less than 80 nm, or less than 70 nm, or less than 60 nm, or less than 50 nm, or less than 40 nm. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes disclosed herein can range in size from about 40 nm to about 200 nm in diameter, or from about 50 nm to about 175 nm, or from about 50 nm to about 200 nm, or from about 60 nm to about 150 nm, or from about 60 nm to about 100 nm, or from about 60 nm to about 90 nm, or from about 70 nm to about 125 nm, or from about 80 nm to about 100 nm, or from about 70 nm to about 90 nm, or from about 75 nm to about 95 nm, or from about 80 nm to about 110 nm, or from about 90 nm to about 125 nm, or from about 70 nm to about 90 nm. In some cases, the complex may have a size of greater than about 100 nm in diameter - e.g., between about 105 nm and about 250 nm, between about 110 nm and about 220 nm, between about 150 nm and about 200 nm, between about 110 nm and about 200 nm. In some cases, the complex may have a size of between about 105 nm and about 200 nm in diameter. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complex exhibits a particle size of about 40 nm to about 115 nm, or about 55 nm to about 95 nm, or about 70 to about 80 nm, or about 75 nm. In various cases, the delivery vehicle complex exhibits a particle size of about 135 nm to about 225 nm, or about 155 nm to about 195 nm, or about 170 to about 180 nm, or about 175 nm. In some cases, the particle size depends on the method used to prepare the complex (e.g., via a microfluidic device or by hand). The particle size / diameter can be determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS).

[0078] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure exhibit a polydispersity index (PDI) of less than about 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, or 0.10.

[0079] In some cases, at least about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of the nucleic acid (e.g., RNA) cargo is fully encapsulated in the delivery vehicle complexes. The percentage of mRNA encapsulated within the delivery vehicle complexes can be determined used a modified RiboGreen assay, as described in Example 3.

[0080] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure retain at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 96%, or at least 97%, or at least 98%, or at least 99%, or 100% of the polyanionic compound after storage at 4 °C-10 °C for at least for 10 days - e.g., at least 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, 60 days, 70 days, or more. In some cases, the complexes retain the aforementioned level of polyanionic compound f at 4 °C for 48 days. Further, in some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure retain at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 96%, or at least 97%, or at least 98%, or at least 99%, or 100% of their original size after storage at 4 °C for at least 10 days - e.g., at least 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, 60 days, 70 days, or more. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes retain the aforementioned size after storage at 4 °C or 48 days.

[0081] The delivery vehicle complexes disclosed herein are well tolerated at high and low doses with no systemic toxicity or adverse events.Other Delivery Vehicle Complex Components

[0082] The delivery vehicle complex described herein can include further components to fine tune the complex for particular applications. Examples of components may include those that facilitate endosomal escape, including but not limited to, buffering amines or polyamines; nitrogen-containing heterocycle groups and / or nitrogen-containing heteroaryl groups such as imidazoles, pyrroles, pyridines, pyrimidines; maleic acid derivatives; or membrane-lytic peptides.

[0083] The delivery vehicle complex may also optionally comprise moieties on the surface of the system. Targeting moieties can be peptides, antibody mimetics, nucleic acids (e.g., aptamers), polypeptides (e.g., antibodies), glycoproteins, small molecules, carbohydrates, or lipids. Non-limiting examples of the targeting moiety include a peptide such as somatostatin, octreotide, LHRH, an EGFR-binding peptide, RGD-containing peptides, a protein scaffold such as a fibronectin domain, an aptide or bipodal peptide, a single domain antibody, a stable scFv, or a bispecific T-cell engagers, nucleic acid (e.g., aptamer), polypeptide (e.g., antibody or its fragment), glycoprotein, small molecule, carbohydrate, or lipid. The targeting moiety may be an aptamer being either RNA or DNA or an artificial nucleic acid; small molecules; carbohydrates such as mannose, galactose and arabinose; vitamins such as ascorbic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, carnitine, inositol, pyridoxal, lipoic acid, folic acid (folate), riboflavin, biotin, vitamin B12, vitamin A, E, and K; a protein or peptide that binds to a cell-surface receptor such as a receptor for thrombospondin, tumor necrosis factors (TNF), annexin V, interferons, cytokines, transferrin, GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), or growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), (platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF).

[0084] The delivery vehicle complex may also optionally comprise small molecule drugs or other biologies incorporated into the delivery vehicle complex. Non-limiting examples include incorporating drugs that disrupt the blood-brain-barrier or enhance cellular uptake; drugs that affect intracellular trafficking or endosomal escape; or drugs that are immunomodulators to affect antigen presentation when the delivery vehicle complex is used in as a vaccine.Polyanionic Compound

[0085] The delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure can comprise one or more polyanionic compounds (polyanionic cargo) that can be delivered by the complex to a target in vivo, such as a cell. The polyanionic compound can be complexed to the cationic component (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) of the delivery vehicle complex via electrostatic interactions.

[0086] In some cases, the polyanionic compound comprises a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids, as used herein, include naturally occurring nucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA, and / or hybrids thereof), as well as unnaturally occurring nucleic acids. Nonlimiting examples of unnatural amino acids are those that comprise an unnaturalbackbone, modified backbone linkages such as phosphorothioate, unnatural or modified bases, and / or unnatural and modified termini. Exemplary nucleic acids include genomic DNA, complementary DNA (cDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), small activating RNA (saRNA), peptide nucleic acids (PNA), antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, plasmids, and immune stimulating nucleic acids.

[0087] In some cases, the polyanionic compound comprises RNA. The RNA may be selected from the group consisting of chemically modified or unmodified RNA, single-stranded or double-stranded RNA, coding or noncoding RNA, mRNA, oligoribonucleotide, viral RNA, retroviral RNA, self-replicating (replicon) RNA (srRNA), tRNA, rRNA, immunostimulatory RNA, microRNA, siRNA, small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small-hairpin (sh) RNA riboswitch, RNA aptamer, RNA decoy, antisense RNA, a ribozyme, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the nucleic acid cargo is RNA including but not limited to modified mRNAs, self-amplifying RNAs, and circular RNAs. In some cases, the RNA comprises a coding RNA.

[0088] RNA is the usual abbreviation for ribonucleic acid. It is a nucleic acid molecule, i.e. a polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. These nucleotides are usually adenosine monophosphate (AMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and cytidine monophosphate (CMP) monomers or analogues thereof, which are connected to each other along a so-called backbone. The backbone is formed by phosphodiester bonds between the sugar, i.e. ribose, of a first and a phosphate moiety of a second, adjacent monomer. The specific order of the monomers, i.e. the order of the bases linked to the sugar / phosphate- backbone, is called the RNA sequence. Usually RNA may be obtainable by transcription of a DNA sequence, e.g., inside a cell. In eukaryotic cells, transcription is typically performed inside the nucleus or the mitochondria. In vivo, transcription of DNA usually results in the so-called premature RNA (also called pre-mRNA, precursor mRNA or heterogeneous nuclear RNA) which has to be processed into so-called messenger RNA, usually abbreviated as mRNA. Processing of the premature RNA, e.g. in eukaryotic organisms, comprises a variety of different posttranscriptional modifications such as splicing, 5' -capping, polyadenylation, export from the nucleus or the mitochondria and the like. The sum of these processes is also called maturation of RNA. The mature messenger RNA usually provides the nucleotide sequence that may be translated into an amino acid sequence of a particular peptide or protein. Typically, a mature mRNA comprises a 5'-cap, optionally a 5'UTR, an open reading frame, optionally a 3'UTR and a poly(A) tail.

[0089] In addition to messenger RNA, several non-coding types of RNA exist which may be involved in regulation of transcription and / or translation, and immunostimulation. Within the present disclosure the term "RNA" further encompasses any type of single stranded (ssRNA) or double stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule known in the art, such as viral RNA, retroviral RNA and replicon RNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), antisense RNA (asRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), ribozymes, aptamers, riboswitches, immunostimulating / immunostimulatory RNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA).

[0090] 5'-CAP-Structure: A 5-CAP is typically a modified nucleotide (CAP analogue), particularly a guaninenucleotide, added to the 5' end of an mRNA molecule. In certain cases, the 5-CAP is added using a 5'-5'- triphosphate linkage (also named m7GpppN). Further examples of 5' -CAP structures include glyceryl, inverted deoxy abasic residue (moiety), 4', 5' methylene nucleotide, l-(beta-D-erythrofuranosyl) nucleotide, 4'-thio nucleotide, carbocyclic nucleotide, 1 ,5-anhydrohexitol nucleotide, L-nucleotides, alpha-nucleotide, modified base nucleotide, threo-pentofuranosyl nucleotide, acyclic 3',4'-seco nucleotide, acyclic 3,4-dihydroxybutyl nucleotide, acyclic 3,5 dihydroxypentyl nucleotide, 3'-3'-i averted nucleotide moiety, 3'-3'-i averted abasic moiety, 3'-2'-i averted nucleotide moiety, 3'-2'-inverted abasic moiety, 1 ,4-butanediol phosphate, 3'-phosphoramidate, hexylphosphate, aminohexyl phosphate, 3'-phosphate, 3'phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, or bridging or non-bridging methylphosphonate moiety. These modified 5' -CAP structures may be used in the context of the present disclosure to modify the RNA sequence of the present disclosure. Further modified 5'-CAP structures which may be used in the context of the present disclosure are CAP1 (additional methylation of the ribose of the adjacent nucleotide of m7GpppN), CAP2 (additional methylation of the ribose of the 2ndnucleotide downstream of the m7GpppN), CAP3 (additional methylation of the ribose of the 3rdnucleotide downstream of the m7GpppN), CAP4 (additional methylation of the ribose of the 4thnucleotide downstream of the m7GpppN), ARCA (anti-reverse CAP analogue), modified ARCA (e.g. phosphothioate modified ARCA), inosine, N1-methyl-guanosine, 2'-fluoro- guanosine, 7-deaza-guanosine, 8-oxo-guanosine, 2-amino-guanosine, LNA-guanosine, and 2-azido-guanosine.

[0091] In the context of the present disclosure, a 5' cap structure may also be formed in chemical RNA synthesis or RNA in vitro transcription (co-transcriptional capping) using cap analogues, or a cap structure may be formed in vitro using capping enzymes (e.g., commercially available capping kits).

[0092] A cap analogue refers to a non-polymerizable di-nucleotide that has cap functionality in that it facilitates translation or localization, and / or prevents degradation of the RNA molecule when incorporated at the 5' end of the RNA molecule. Non-polymerizable means that the cap analogue will be incorporated only at the 5'terminus because it does not have a 5' triphosphate and therefore cannot be extended in the 3' direction by a templatedependent RNA polymerase.

[0093] Cap analogues include, but are not limited to, a chemical structure selected from the group consisting of m7GpppG, m7GpppA, m7GpppC; unmethylated cap analogues (e.g., GpppG); dimethylated cap analogue (e.g., m2,7GpppG), trimethylated cap analogue (e.g., m2,2,7GpppG), dimethylated symmetrical cap analogues (e.g., m7Gpppm7G), or anti reverse cap analogues (e.g., ARCA; m7,2'OmeGpppG, m7,2'dGpppG, m7,3'OmeGpppG, m7,3'dGpppG and their tetraphosphate derivatives) The synthesis of N7-(4- chlorophenoxyethyl) substituted dinucleotide cap analogues has been described recently (.

[0094] A poly (A) tail also called ”3'-poly(A) tail" or ”Poly(A) sequence" is typically a long homopolymeric sequence of adenosine nucleotides of up to about 400 adenosine nucleotides, e.g. from about 25 to about 400, from about 50 to about 400, from about 50 to about 300, from about 50 to about 250, or from about 60 to about 250 adenosine nucleotides, added to the 3' end of an mRNA. In some cases, the poly(A) tail of an mRNA or srRNA is derived from a DNA template by RNA in vitro transcription. Alternatively, the poly (A) sequence mayalso be obtained in vitro by common methods of chemical synthesis without being necessarily transcribed from a DNA-progenitor. Moreover, poly(A) sequences, or poly(A) tails may be generated by enzymatic polyadenylation of the RNA.

[0095] A stabilized nucleic acid, typically, exhibits a modification increasing resistance to in vivo degradation (e.g. degradation by an exo- or endo-nuclease) and / or ex vivo degradation (e.g. by the manufacturing process prior to composition administration, e.g. in the course of the preparation of the composition to be administered). Stabilization of RNA can, e.g., be achieved by providing a 5'-CAP-Structure, a poly(A) tail, or any other UTR- modification. Stabilization can also be achieved by backbone-modification (e.g., use of synthetic backbones such as phosphorothioate) or modification of the G / C-content or the C-content of the nucleic acid. Various other methods are known in the art and conceivable in the context of the disclosure, to stabilize or otherwise improve the function of the nucleic acid. Provided herein, therefore, are polynucleotides which have been designed to improve one or more of the stability and / or clearance in tissues, receptor uptake and / or kinetics, cellular access, engagement with translational machinery, RNA half-life, translation efficiency, immune evasion, immune induction (for vaccines), protein production capacity, secretion efficiency (when applicable), accessibility to circulation, protein half-life and / or modulation of a cell's status, function and / or activity.

[0096] A 5'-UTR is typically understood to be a particular section of RNA. It is located 5' of the open reading frame of the mRNA. In the case of srRNA, the open reading frame encodes the viral non-structural proteins while the sequence of interest is encoded in the subgenomic fragment of the viral RNA. Thus, the 5'UTR is upstream of nsP1 open reading frame. In addition, the subgenomic RNA of the srRNA has a 5'UTR. Thus, the subgenomic RNA containing a sequence of interest encoding a protein of interest contains a 5'UTR. Typically, the 5-UTR starts with the transcriptional start site and ends one nucleotide before the start codon of the open reading frame. The 5-UTR may comprise elements for controlling gene expression, also called regulatory elements. Such regulatory elements may be, for example, ribosomal binding sites or a 5'-Terminal Oligopyrimidine Tract. The 5'-UTR may be posttranscriptionally modified, for example by addition of a 5-CAP. In the context of the present disclosure, a 5'UTR corresponds to the sequence of a mature mRNA or srRNA which is located between the 5' -CAP and the start codon. In some cases, the 5-UTR corresponds to the sequence which extends from a nucleotide located 3' to the 5-CAP, and in some cases from the nucleotide located immediately 3' to the 5-CAP, to a nucleotide located 5' to the start codon of the protein coding region and in some cases to the nucleotide located immediately 5' to the start codon of the protein coding region. The nucleotide located immediately 3' to the 5'-CAP of a mature mRNA or srRNA typically corresponds to the transcriptional start site. The term "corresponds to" means that the 5-UTR sequence may be an RNA sequence, such as in the mRNA sequence used for defining the 5-UTR sequence, or a DNA sequence which corresponds to such RNA sequence. In the context of the present disclosure, the term "a 5'-UTR of a gene", such as "a 5'- UTR of a NYESO1 gene", is the sequence which corresponds to the 5-UTR of the mature mRNA derived from this gene, i.e. the mRNA obtained by transcription of the gene and maturation of the pre-mature mRNA. The term "5'-UTR of a gene" encompasses the DNA sequence and the RNA sequence of the 5-UTR.

[0097] Generally, the term "3'-UTR" refers to a part of the nucleic acid molecule which is located 3' (i.e. "downstream") of an open reading frame and which is not translated into protein. Typically, a 3'-UTR is the part of an RNA which is located between the protein coding region (open reading frame (ORF) or coding sequence (CDS)) and the poly (A) sequence of the mRNA. In the context of the present disclosure, the term 3'-UTR may also comprise elements, which are not encoded in the template, from which an RNA is transcribed, but which are added after transcription during maturation, e.g. a poly(A) sequence. A 3'-UTR of the RNA is not translated into an amino acid sequence.

[0098] With respect to srRNA, the 3'-UTR sequence is generally encoded by the viral genomic RNA, which is transcribed into the respective mRNA during the gene expression process. The genomic sequence is first transcribed into pre-mature mRNA. The pre-mature mRNA is then further processed into mature mRNA in a maturation process. This maturation process comprises 5'cappi ng . In the context of the present disclosure, a 3'- UTR corresponds to the sequence of a mature mRNA or srRNA (and the srRNA subgenomic RNA), which is located between the stop codon of the protein coding region, preferably immediately 3' to the stop codon of the protein coding region for the sequence of interest, and the poly(A) sequence of the mRNA. The term "corresponds to" means that the 3'-UTR sequence may be an RNA sequence, such as in the mRNA sequence used for defining the 3'-UTR sequence, or a DNA sequence, which corresponds to such RNA sequence. In the context of the present disclosure, the term "a 3'-UTR of a gene", is the sequence, which corresponds to the 3'- UTR of the mature mRNA derived from this gene, i.e. the mRNA obtained by transcription of the gene and maturation of the pre-mature mRNA. The term "3'-UTR of a gene" encompasses the DNA sequence and the RNA sequence (both sense and antisense strand and both mature and immature) of the 3'-UTR.

[0099] In some cases, the RNAs for use in the delivery vehicle complexes herein comprise an RNA comprising at least one region encoding a peptide (e.g., a polypeptide), or protein, or functional fragment of the foregoing. As used herein, "functional fragment” refers to a fragment of a peptide, (e.g., a polypeptide), or protein that retains the ability to induce an immune response. In some cases, the coding RNA is selected from the group consisting of mRNA, viral RNA, retroviral RNA, and self-replicating RNA. In some cases, the RNA encodes a viral peptide (e.g., a viral polypeptide), a viral protein, or functional fragment of the foregoing. In various cases, the RNA encodes for a human papillomavirus (HPV) protein, a variant thereof, or a functional fragment of any of the foregoing. In some cases, the RNA encodes for a HPV E6 protein (or a variant thereof), a HPV E7 protein (or a variant thereof), a combination thereof, or a functional fragment of any of the foregoing. In some cases, the HPV protein is from HPV subtype HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and / or 68. In various cases, the HPV protein is from HPV subtype HPV 16 and / or 18. In some cases, the RNA encodes for a viral spike protein or a functional fragment thereof. In some cases, the RNA encodes for a SARS- Related coronaviruses (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, (SARS-CoV-2), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), human coronavirus 0C43 (HCoV-0C43), human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKLH), and / or human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)). In some cases, the RNA encodes for a SARS-CoV spike (S) protein, a variant thereof, or a functional fragment any of the foregoing. In some cases, the RNA encodes for an influenza protein, a variant thereof, or a functional fragment of any of the foregoing. In some cases, the RNA encodes for influenza hemagglutinin (HA), or a functional fragment thereof. In some cases, the influenza A virus, has HA of a subtype selected from the group consisting of H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, and H16. In some cases, the influenza subtype is HA strain H1, H2, H3 or H5. In some cases, the RNA encodes for a combination of the foregoing.

[0100] Contemplated viruses for which the RNA of the delivery vehicle complex can encode, include, but are not limited to: Influenza type A and type B, Poliovirus, Adenovirus, Rabies virus, Bovine parainfluenza 3, human respiratory syncytial virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Canine parainfluenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, Herpes Simplex virus-1 and Herpes Simplex virus-2, human papillomavirus, hepatitis virus A, hepatitis virus B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma virus, Human herpesvirus-6, humanherpesvirus-7, human herpesvirus-8, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1, Canine herpesvirus, Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, Human herpesvirus 2, Virus del herpes simplex, Gammaherpesvirinae, Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1, Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Alphavirus, Flavivirus, Yellow Fever virus, Dengue virus, Japanese Enchephalitis virus, West Nile Viruses, Zikavirus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis virus, Chikungunya virus, Western Equine Encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis virus, Kyasanur Forest Disease virus, Alkhurma Disease virus, Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Rubeola virus, Rubella virus, Human parvovirus B19, Variola, Alphavirus, Molluscum contagiosum virus, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviruses, Colorado tick fever virus (coltivirus), coxsackievirus, Rotavirus, Norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus or coronavirus, such as SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV NL63, HKU1, 229E and OC43 human papillomavirus, Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Alphavirus, Flavivirus, Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Japanese Enchephalitis, West Nile Viruses, Zikavirus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis virus, Chikungunya virus, Western Equine Encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis, Kyasanur Forest Disease, Alkhurma Disease, Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Rubeola virus, Rubella virus, Human parvovirus B19, Human herpesvirus type 6, Varicella-zoster virus, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma virus, human herpesvirus-7, human herpesvirus-8, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1, Canine herpesvirus, Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, Human herpesvirus 2, Virus del herpes simplex, Gammaherpesvirinae, Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1, Variola, Alphavirus, Molluscum contagiosum virus, Hepatitis Virus-A, Hepatitis Virus-B, Hepatitis-C, Hepatitis-D, Hepatitis-E, Polioviruses, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Togaviridae, Flaviviruses such as Zikavirus, Colorado tick fever virus (coltivirus), coxsackievirus, Rotavirus, Norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus A, human metapneumovirus, rhinoviruses coronavirus, Varicellovirus, Adeno-associated virus, Aichi virus, Australian bat lyssavirus, BK polyomavirus, Banna virus, Barmah forest virus, Bunyamwera virus, Bunyavirus La Crosse, Bunyavirus snowshoe hare, Cercopithecine herpesvirus,Chandipura virus, Chikungunya virus, Cosavirus A, Cowpox virus, Coxsackievirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Dengue virus, Dhori virus, Dugbe virus, Duvenhage virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Ebolavirus, Echovirus, Encephalomyocarditis virus, European bat lyssavirus, GB virus C / Hepatitis G virus, Hantaan virus, Hendra virus, Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis E virus, Hepatitis delta virus, Horsepox virus, Human adenovirus, Human astrovirus, Human coronavirus, Human cytomegalovirus, Human enterovirus 68, 70, Human papillomavirus 1, Human papillomavirus 2, Human papillomavirus 16,18, Human parainfluenza, Human parvovirus B19, Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human rhinovirus, Human SARS coronavirus, Human spumaretrovirus, Human T-lymphotropic virus, Human torovirus, Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, Influenza C virus, Isfahan virus, JC polyomavirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Junin arenavirus, KI Polyomavirus, Kunjin virus, Lagos bat virus, Lake Victoria marburgvirus, Langat virus, Lassa virus, Lordsdale virus, Louping ill virus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Machupo virus, Mayaro virus, MERS coronavirus, Measles virus, Mengo encephalomyocarditis virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, Mokola virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus, Monkeypox virus, Mumps virus, Murray valley encephalitis virus, New York virus, Nipah virus, Norwalk virus, O'nyong-nyong virus, Orf virus, Oropouche virus, Pichinde virus, Poliovirus, Punta toro phlebovirus, Puumala virus, Rabies virus, Rift valley fever virus, Rosavirus A, Ross river virus, Rotavirus A, Rotavirus B, Rotavirus C, Rubella virus, Sagiyama virus, Salivirus A, Sandfly fever Sicilian virus, Sapporo virus, SARS coronavirus 2, Semliki forest virus, Seoul virus, Simian foamy virus, Simian virus 5, Sindbis virus, Southampton virus, St. louis encephalitis virus, Tick-borne powassan virus, Torque teno virus, Toscana virus, Uukuniemi virus, Vaccinia virus, Varicella-zoster virus, Variola virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, WU polyomavirus, West Nile virus, Yaba monkey tumor virus, Yaba-like disease virus, Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, bovine herpesviruses, pseudorabies viruses, Adenoviridae, Bovine adenovirus BAdV-9 = Human adenovirus C, Anelloviridae (proposed family), Torque teno virus TTV, Bornaviridae, Borna disease virus BDV, Bunyaviridae, Aino virus, Cache valley virus CW, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus CCHF, Hantaan virus HTNV, Jamestown Canyon virus JCV, LaCrosse virus LACV, Puumala virus, Rift valley fever virus RVFV, Caliciviridae, Norovirus, San Miguel sea lion virus SMSV-5, Circoviridae, Bovine circovirus BCV = evolved strain of Porcine circovirus type 2 PCV-2, Coronaviridae, Bovine coronavirus BCoV-1, Bovine torovirus BtoV, Flaviviridae, Bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV, Japanese encephalitis virus JEV, Kyasanur forest disease virus KFDV, Louping ill virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus MVE, Saint Louis encephalitis virus SLEV, Tick borne encephalitis virus TBEV, Wesselsbron virus, West Nile virus ( including Kunjin), Hepeviridae, Hepatitis E virus HEV, Herpesviridae, Bovine herpesvirus BHV-4, Equine herpesvirus EHV-1, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus IBR= BHV-1, Pseudorabies virus PRV, Orthomyxoviridae, Dhori virus, Influenza A virus, Thogotovirus THOV, Papillomaviridae, Bovine papilloma virus BPV, Paramyxoviridae, Bovine parainfluenza virus BPIV3, Bovine respiratory syncytial virus BRSV, Peste-des- petits ruminants virus PPRV, Rinderpest virus RPV, Parvoviridae, Bovine adeno-associated virus BAAV, Bovine hokovirus BHoV, Picornaviridae, Bovine enterovirus BEV-1, BEV-2, Bovine kobuvirus BKV-1 U-1 strain, Encephalomyocarditis virus EMC, Foot and mouth disease virus FMDV, Seneca valley virus SW, Polyomaviridae, Bovine polyomavirus BPyV, Poxviridae, Aracatuba virus, Bovine papular stomatitis virus BPSV,Cantagalo virus, Cowpox virus, Pseudocowpox virus PCPV, Vaccinia virus, Reoviridae, Banna virus BAV, Bluetongue virus BTV, Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus EHDV, Liao Ning virus LNV, Reovirus, Rotavirus, Retroviridae, Bovine foamy virus BFV, Bovine leukemia virus BLV, Rhabdoviridae, Bovine ephemeral fever virus BEFV, Rabies virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus VSV, Togaviridae, Eastern equine encephalitis virus EEEV, Getah virus, Ross River virus RRV, Sindbis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus VEE, Anelloviridae (proposed family), Torque teno virus TTV, Bunyaviridae, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, CCHF, Hantaan virus HTNV, Jamestown Canyon virus JCV, LaCrosse virus LCV, Caliciviridae, Norovirus, San Miguel sea lion virus SMSV-5, Sapovirus, Circoviridae, Porcine circovirus PCV-1 & PCV-2, Coronaviridae, Bovine coronavirus BCoV-1, Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus SARS, Transmissible gastroenteritis virus TGEV, Filoviridae, Ebola Reston virus, Flaviviridae, Bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV, Dengue virus, llheus virus, Japanese encephalitis virus JEV, Louping ill virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus MVE, Powassan virus, Tick borne encephalitis virus TBEV, Wesselsbron virus, West Nile virus WNV (including Kunjin), Hepeviridae, Hepatitis E virus HEV, Herpesviridae, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus IBR= BHV-1, Porcine cytomegalovirus PCMV (B. Potts personal communication), Pseudorabies virus PRV, Orthomyxoviridae, Avian influenza virus (H5N1), Porcine influenza virus (H1 N1, H1 N2), Paramyxoviridae, Bovine parainfluenza virus BPIV3, Menangle virus MENV, Nipah virus NiV, Peste-des-petits ruminants virus PPRV, Rinderpest virus RPV, Tioman virus TIOV, Parvoviridae, Porcine hokovirus PHoV, Porcine parvovirus PPV, Picornaviridae, Encephalomyocarditis virus EMC, Foot and mouth disease virus FMDV, Porcine enterovirus PEV-9 PEV-10, Seneca valley virus SW, Swine vesicular disease virus SVDV, Reoviridae, Banna virus BAV, Reovirus, Rotavirus, Retroviridae, Porcine endogenous retrovirus PERV, Rhabdoviridae, Rabies virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus VSV, Togaviridae, Eastern equine encephalitis virus EEEV, Getah virus, Ross River virus RRV or Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis VEE.

[0101] In some cases, the RNA encodes for adenovirus, alphavirus, calicivirus (e.g., a calicivirus capsid antigen), coronavirus polypeptides, distemper virus, Ebola virus polypeptides, enterovirus , flavivirus , hepatitis virus (AE), herpesvirus, infectious peritonitis virus, leukemia virus, Marburg virus, orthomyxovirus, papilloma virus, parainfluenza virus, paramyxovirus, parvovirus, pestivirus, picorna virus (e.g., a poliovirus), pox virus (e.g., a vaccinia virus), rabies virus, reovirus, retrovirus, and rotavirus. In some cases, the RNA encodes for SARS- CoV-2, HPV (e.g., E6 and / or E7 from HPV16 and / or HPV18), or influenza (e.g., influenza hemagglutinin (HA).

[0102] In some cases, the combined delivery of two or more particular nucleic acids together may be especially useful for therapeutic applications. For example, in some cases, the one or more polyanionic cargo compounds includes a combination of sgRNA (single guide RNA) as a CRISPR sequence and mRNA encoding Cas9. In some cases, the nucleic acids may also be complexed with proteins such as with the CRISPR / Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex. In some cases, the multicomponent delivery vehicle system complexes with one or more of a nucleic acid selected from DNA and RNA (e.g., an antigenic RNA and adjuvanting DNA, such as CpG).Polynucleotide Synthesis

[0103] Methods of making polynucleotides of a predetermined sequence are well-known. Solid-phase synthesis methods are known for both polyribonucleotides and polydeoxyribonucleotides (the well-known methods of synthesizing DNA are also useful for synthesizing RNA). Polyribonucleotides can also be prepared enzymatically. Non-naturally occurring nucleobases can be incorporated into the polynucleotide, as well.

[0104] Any method known in the art for making RNA is contemplated herein for making the RNAs. Illustrative methods for making RNA include but are not limited to, chemical synthesis and in vitro transcription.

[0105] In some cases, the RNA for use in the methods herein is chemically synthesized. Chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of oligonucleotides with defined chemical structure provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of any desired sequence. Whereas enzymes synthesize DNA and RNA only in the 5' to 3' direction, chemical oligonucleotide synthesis does not have this limitation, although it is most often carried out in the opposite, i.e. the 3' to 5' direction. In some cases, the process is implemented as solidphase synthesis using the phosphoramidite method and phosphoramidite building blocks derived from protected nucleosides (A, C, G, and U), or chemically modified nucleosides.

[0106] In some cases, modifications are included in the modified nucleic acid or in one or more individual nucleoside or nucleotide. For example, modifications to a nucleoside may include one or more modifications to the nucleobase, the sugar, and / or the internucleoside linkage. In some cases having at least one modification, the polynucleotide includes a backbone moiety containing the nucleobase, sugar, and internucleoside linkage of: pseudouridine-alpha-thio-MP, 1 -methyl-pseudourid i ne-al ph a-thio- M P, 1 -ethyl-pseudouridine-MP, 1 -propyl- pseudouridine-MP, 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-pseudouridine-MP, 2-amino-adenine-MP, xanthosine-MP, 5-bromo- cytidine-MP, 5-aminoally l-cytidi ne-M P, or 2-aminopurine-riboside-MP.

[0107] In some cases having at least one modification, the polynucleotide includes a backbone moiety containing the nucleobase, sugar, and internucleoside linkage of: pseudouridine-alpha-thio-MP, 1-methyl- pseudouridine-alpha-thio-MP, or 5-bromo-cytidine-MP. Nucleoside and nucleotide modifications contemplated for use in the present disclosure are known in the art.

[0108] To obtain the desired oligonucleotide, the building blocks are sequentially coupled to the growing oligonucleotide chain on a solid phase in the order required by the sequence of the product in a fully automated process. Upon the completion of the chain assembly, the product is released from the solid phase to the solution, deprotected, and collected. The occurrence of side reactions sets practical limits for the length of synthetic oligonucleotides (up to about 200 nucleotide residues), because the number of errors increases with the length of the oligonucleotide being synthesized. Products are often isolated by HPLC to obtain the desired oligonucleotides in high purity.

[0109] In some cases, RNA is made using in vitro transcription. The terms "RNA in vitro transcription" or "in vitro transcription" relate to a process wherein RNA is synthesized in a cell-free system (in vitro). DNA, particularly plasmid DNA, is used as template for the generation of RNA transcripts. RNA may be obtained by DNA-dependent in vitro transcription of an appropriate DNA template, which in some cases is a linearizedplasmid DNA template. The promoter for controlling in vitro transcription can be any promoter for any DNA- dependent RNA polymerase. Particular examples of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are the T7, T3, and SP6 RNA polymerases. A DNA template for in vitro RNA transcription may be obtained by cloning of a nucleic acid, in particular cDNA corresponding to the respective RNA to be in vitro transcribed, and introducing it into an appropriate vector for in vitro transcription, for example into plasmid DNA. In some cases, the DNA template is linearized with a suitable restriction enzyme, before it is transcribed in vitro. The cDNA may be obtained by reverse transcription of mRNA or chemical synthesis. Moreover, the DNA template for in vitro RNA synthesis may also be obtained by gene synthesis.

[0110] Methods for in vitro transcription are known in the art. Reagents used in the methods typically include: 1) a linearized DNA template with a promoter sequence that has a high binding affinity for its respective RNA polymerase such as bacteriophage-encoded RNA polymerases; 2) ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) for the four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil); 3) in some cases, a cap analogue as defined above (e.g. m7G(5')ppp(5')G (m7G)); 4) a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase capable of binding to the promoter sequence within the linearized DNA template (e.g. T7, T3 or SP6 RNA polymerase); 5) optionally a ribonuclease (RNase) inhibitor to inactivate any contaminating RNase; 6) optionally a pyrophosphatase to degrade pyrophosphate, which may inhibit transcription; 7) MgCl2, which supplies Mg2+ions as a co-factor for the polymerase; 8) a buffer to maintain a suitable pH value, which can also contain antioxidants (e.g. DTT), and / or polyamines such as spermidine at optimal concentrations.Methods of Making the Delivery Vehicle Complex

[0111] Components of the delivery vehicle complex can be prepared through a variety of physical and / or chemical methods to modulate their physical, chemical, and biological properties. These may involve rapid combination of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group in water or a water-miscible organic solvent with the desired polyanionic cargo compound (e.g., oligonucleotides or nucleic acids) in water or an aqueous buffer solution. These methods can include simple mixing of the components by pipetting, or microfluidic mixing processes such as those involving T-mixers, vortex mixers, or other chaotic mixing structures. In some cases, the multicomponent delivery system is prepared on a microfluidic platform.

[0112] It is to be understood that the particular process conditions for preparing the delivery vehicle complexes described herein may be adjusted or selected accordingly to provide the desired physical properties of the complexes. For example, parameters for mixing the components of the delivery system complex that may influence the final compositions may include, but are not limited to, order of mixing, temperature of mixing, mixing speed / rate, flow rate, physical dimensions of the mixing structure, concentrations of starting solutions, molar ratio of components, and solvents used.

[0113] Formulation of the delivery vehicle complexes can be accomplished in many ways. In some cases, all components can be pre-mixed prior to addition of the nucleic acid cargo, which can result in a uniform distributionof components throughout the delivery particle.

[0114] In other cases, the components can be added sequentially to produce a core-shell type structure. For example, a cationic component could be added first to begin particle condensation, followed by a lipid component to allow the particle's surface to associate with target cells, followed by a shielding component to prevent particle aggregation. For example, the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group can be premixed with the nucleic acid cargo to form a core structure. Then, the lipid components (such as lipid components comprising phospholipids and cholesterol) can be added to influence cell / endosomal membrane association. Because the shielding component is primarily useful on the outside of the multicomponent delivery system, this component can be introduced last, so that it does not disrupt the internal structure of the system, but rather provides a coating of the system after it is formed.

[0115] Additional components in the complexes and composition, such as the additional components of polymers, surface-active agents, targeting moieties, and / or excipients, may be admixed and combined with the rest of the components before, during, or after the principal components of the nucleic acid cargo, the cationic component, the lipid component and the shielding component have been combined.

[0116] Accordingly, also provided herein is a method of forming the delivery vehicle complex disclosed herein, comprising contacting the compound of Formula (I) with the polyanionic compound. In some cases, the method comprises admixing a solution comprising the compound of Formula (I) with a solution comprising the polyanionic compound.Pharmaceutical Compositions and Modes of Administration

[0117] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions that include the delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure, and an effective amount of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. An "effective amount" includes a "therapeutically effective amount" and a "prophylactically effective amount." The term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount effective in treating and / or ameliorating a disease or condition in a subject. The term "prophylactically effective amount" refers to an amount effective in preventing and / or substantially lessening the chances of a disease or condition in a subject. As used herein, the terms "patient” and "subject” may be used interchangeably and mean animals, such as dogs, cats, cows, horses, and sheep (i.e., non-human animals) and humans. Particular patients or subjects are mammals (e.g., humans). The terms "patient” and "subject” include males and females. As used herein, the term "excipient” means any pharmaceutically acceptable additive, carrier, diluent, adjuvant, or other ingredient, other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.

[0118] The complexes of the disclosure can be administered to a subject or patient in a therapeutically effective amount. The complexes can be administered alone or as part of a pharmaceutically acceptable composition or formulation. In addition, the complexes can be administered all at once, as for example, by a bolus injection, multiple times, or delivered substantially uniformly over a period of time. It is also noted that thedose of the compound can be varied over time.

[0119] The delivery vehicle complexes disclosed herein and other pharmaceutically active compounds, if desired, can be administered to a subject or patient by any suitable route, e.g. orally, rectally, parenterally, (for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously) intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, intravesically, or as a buccal, inhalation, or nasal spray. The administration can be to provide a systemic effect (e.g. eneteral or parenteral). All methods that can be used by those skilled in the art to administer a pharmaceutically active agent are contemplated.

[0120] Compositions suitable for parenteral injection may comprise physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions, or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents, or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil) and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.

[0121] These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispersing agents. Microorganism contamination can be prevented by adding various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of injectable pharmaceutical compositions can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

[0122] The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable, an aqueous suspension or an oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parentally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1 ,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono-or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

[0123] Compositions for parenteral administrations are administered in a sterile medium. Depending on the vehicle used and concentration the concentration of the drug in the formulation, the parenteral formulation can either be a suspension or a solution containing dissolved drug. Adjuvants such as local anesthetics, preservatives and buffering agents can also be added to parenteral compositions.

[0124] When the composition of the disclosure are used as vaccines, it may comprise one or more immunologic adjuvants. As used herein, the term "immunologic adjuvant" refers to a compound or a mixture ofcompounds that acts to accelerate, prolong, enhance or modify immune responses when used in conjugation with an immunogen (e.g., neoantigens). Adjuvant may be non-immunogenic when administered to a host alone, but that augments the host's immune response to another antigen when administered conjointly with that antigen. Specifically, the terms "adjuvant" and "immunologic adjuvant" are used interchangeably in the present disclosure. Adjuvant-mediated enhancement and / or extension of the duration of the immune response can be assessed by any method known in the art including without limitation one or more of the following: (i) an increase in the number of antibodies produced in response to immunization with the adjuvant / antigen combination versus those produced in response to immunization with the antigen alone; (ii) an increase in the number of T cells recognizing the antigen or the adjuvant; and (iii) an increase in the level of one or more cytokines. Adjuvants may be aluminum based adjuvants including but not limiting to aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate; saponins such as steroid saponins and triterpenoid saponins; bacterial flagellin and some cytokines such as GM- CSF. Adjuvants selection may depend on antigens, vaccines and routes of administrations.

[0125] In some cases, adjuvants improve the adaptive immune response to a vaccine antigen by modulating innate immunity or facilitating transport and presentation. Adjuvants act directly or indirectly on antigen presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells (DCs). Adjuvants may be ligands for toll-like receptors (TLRs) and can directly affect DCs to alter the strength, potency, speed, duration, bias, breadth, and scope of adaptive immunity. In other instances, adjuvants may signal via proinflammatory pathways and promote immune cell infiltration, antigen presentation, and effector cell maturation. This class of adjuvants includes mineral salts, oil emulsions, nanoparticles, and polyelectrolytes and comprises colloids and molecular assemblies exhibiting complex, heterogeneous structures. In one example, the composition further comprises pidotimod as an adjuvant. In another example, the composition further comprises CpG as an adjuvant.

[0126] The compounds of the disclosure can be administered to a subject or patient at dosage levels in the range of about 0.1 to about 3,000 mg per day. For a normal adult human having a body weight of about 70 kg, a dosage in the range of about 0.01 to about 100 mg per kilogram body weight is typically sufficient. The specific dosage and dosage range that will be used can potentially depend on a number of factors, including the requirements of the subject or patient, the severity of the condition or disease being treated, and the pharmacological activity of the compound being administered. The determination of dosage ranges and optimal dosages for a particular subject or patient is within the ordinary skill in the art.Methods of Use

[0127] The delivery vehicle complexes disclosed herein can be used to deliver the polyanionic compound of the complex (or cargo) to a cell. Accordingly, disclosed herein are methods of delivering a polyanionic compound, such as a nucleic acid (e.g., RNA) to a cell comprising contacting the cell with the delivery vehicle complex or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In some cases, the cell can be contacted in vitro. In some cases wherein the cell is contacted in vitro, the cell is a HeLa cell. In some cases wherein the cell is contacted in vivo, the multicomponent delivery system of the present disclosure is administered to a mammaliansubject. A mammalian subject may include but is not limited to a human or a mouse subject. In yet other cases wherein the cell is contacted ex vivo, the cell is obtained from a human or mouse subject. In some cases, the cell is a tumor cell. In some cases, the cell is a muscle cell.

[0128] In some cases, the one or more polyanionic cargo compounds may be delivered for therapeutic uses. Non-limiting therapeutic uses include cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. In some cases, the complex comprising the multicomponent delivery system and the polyanionic cargo compound is used as a vaccine. Genetic vaccination, or the administration of nucleic acid molecules (e.g., RNA) to a patient and subsequent transcription and / or translation of the encoded genetic information, is useful in the treatment and / or the prevention of inherited genetic diseases but also autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancerous or tumor-related diseases as well as inflammatory diseases. Genetic vaccination is useful for treating or preventing coronavirus. The vaccine target of the majority of these entities is the coronavirus' spike (S) protein, a heavily glycosylated trimeric class I fusion protein that coats the outside of the virus and is responsible for host cell entry. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 shares high structural homology with SARS-CoV-1 and contains several subunits vital for viral entry into host cells through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, including the S1 domain, the S2 domain, and the receptor binding domain (RBD). Thus, the S protein and its subunits, as well as accessible peptide sequences within these domains, are attractive vaccine antigen targets. Further, genetic vaccination is particularly use in the treatment of cancer because cancer cells express antigens, tumors are generally not readily recognized and eliminated by the host, as evidenced by the development of disease

[0129] Vaccines. The delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure are also useful as vaccines, in which the polyanionic compound is an RNA that may encode an immunogen, antigen or neoantigen. The immune system of a host provides the means for quickly and specifically mounting a protective response to pathogenic microorganisms and also for contributing to rejection of malignant tumors. Immune responses have been generally described as including humoral responses, in which antibodies specific for antigens are produced by differentiated B lymphocytes, and cell mediated responses, in which various types of T lymphocytes eliminate antigens by a variety of mechanisms. For example, CD4 (also called CD4+) helper T cells that are capable of recognizing specific antigens may respond by releasing soluble mediators such as cytokines to recruit additional cells of the immune system to participate in an immune response. CD8 (also called CD8+) cytotoxic T cells are also capable of recognizing specific antigens and may bind to and destroy or damage an antigen-bearing cell or particle. In particular, cell mediated immune responses that include a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response can be important for elimination of tumor cells and cells infected by a microorganism, such as virus, bacteria, or parasite. The delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure have been found to induce immune responses when one or more of the polyanionic compound of the complex encodes a viral peptide (e.g. a viral polypeptide), a viral protein, or functional fragment of the foregoing.

[0130] Thus, the disclosure includes methods for inducing an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the delivery vehicle complex (e.g., formulated asan antigenic composition) of the disclosure. Also disclosed herein is a method of treating a viral infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the delivery vehicle complex of the disclosure. In some cases, the administering is by intramuscular, intratumoral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous delivery.

[0131] In some cases, administering the delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure (e.g., formulated as a composition, pharmaceutical formulation, or antigenic composition) to a subject can result in an increase in the amount of antibodies (e.g., neutralizing antibodies) against the viral antigen that is produced in the subject relative to the amount of antibodies that is produced in a subject who was not administered the delivery vehicle complex. In some cases, the increase is a 2-fold increase, a 5-fold increase, a 10-fold increase, a 50-fold increase, a 100-fold increase, a 200-fold increase, a 500-fold increase, a 700-fold increase, or a 1000-fold increase.

[0132] The immune response raised by the methods of the present disclosure generally includes an antibody response, preferably a neutralizing antibody response, maturation and memory of T and B cells, antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and T cell-mediated response such as CD4+, CD8+. The immune response generated by the delivery vehicle complexes comprising RNA that encodes a viral antigen as disclosed herein generates an immune response that recognizes, and preferably ameliorates and / or neutralizes, a viral infection as described herein. Methods for assessing antibody responses after administration of an antigenic composition (immunization or vaccination) are known in the art and / or described herein. In some cases, the immune response comprises a T cell-mediated response (e.g., peptide-specific response such as a proliferative response or a cytokine response). In some cases, the immune response comprises both a B cell and a T cell response. Antigenic compositions can be administered in a number of suitable ways, such as intramuscular injection, intratumoral injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal administration and mucosal administration such as oral or intranasal. Additional modes of administration include but are not limited to intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal administration, intra-vaginal, intra-rectal, and oral administration. A combination of different routes of administration in the immunized subject, for example intramuscular and intranasal administration at the same time, is also contemplated by the disclosure.

[0133] Cancer. Various cancers (e.g., cervical cancer) may be treated with the polyanionic cargo compounds delivered by the delivery vehicle complexes of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term "cancer" refers to any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites and also refers to the pathological condition characterized by such malignant neoplastic growths. Cancers may be tumors or hematological malignancies, and include but are not limited to, all types of lymphomas / leukemias, carcinomas and sarcomas, such as those cancers or tumors found in the anus, bladder, bile duct, bone, brain, breast, cervix, colon / rectum, endometrium, esophagus, eye, gallbladder, head and neck, liver, kidney, larynx, lung, mediastinum (chest), mouth, ovaries, pancreas, penis, prostate, skin, small intestine, stomach, spinal marrow, tailbone, testicles, thyroid and uterus.

[0134] As a non-limiting example, the carcinoma which may be treated may be Acute granulocytic leukemia, Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Adenocarcinoma, Adenosarcoma, Adrenal cancer, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Anal cancer, Anaplastic astrocytoma, Angiosarcoma, Appendix cancer, Astrocytoma, Basal cell carcinoma, B-Cell lymphoma), Bile duct cancer, Bladder cancer, Bone cancer, Bowel cancer, Brain cancer, Brain stem glioma, Brain tumor, Breast cancer, Carcinoid tumors, Cervical cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, Chondrosarcoma, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Colon cancer, Colorectal cancer, Craniopharyngioma, Cutaneous lymphoma, Cutaneous melanoma, Diffuse astrocytoma, Ductal carcinoma in situ, Endometrial cancer, Ependymoma, Epithelioid sarcoma, Esophageal cancer, Ewing sarcoma, Extrahepatic bile duct cancer, Eye cancer, Fallopian tube cancer, Fibrosarcoma, Gallbladder cancer, Gastric cancer, Gastrointestinal cancer, Gastrointestinal carcinoid cancer, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, General, Germ cell tumor, Glioblastoma multiforme, Glioma, Hairy cell leukemia, Head and neck cancer, Hemangioendothelioma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hypopharyngeal cancer, Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, Infiltrating lobular carcinoma, Inflammatory breast cancer, Intestinal Cancer, Intrahepatic bile duct cancer, Invasive I infiltrating breast cancer, Islet cell cancer, Jaw cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, Kidney cancer, Laryngeal cancer, Leiomyosarcoma, Leptomeningeal metastases, Leukemia, Lip cancer, Liposarcoma, Liver cancer, Lobular carcinoma in situ, Low-grade astrocytoma, Lung cancer, Lymph node cancer, Lymphoma, Male breast cancer, Medullary carcinoma, Medulloblastoma, Melanoma, Meningioma, Merkel cell carcinoma, Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymous, Mesothelioma, Metastatic breast cancer, Metastatic melanoma, Metastatic squamous neck cancer, Mixed gliomas, Mouth cancer, Mucinous carcinoma, Mucosal melanoma, Multiple myeloma, Nasal cavity cancer, Nasopharyngeal cancer, Neck cancer, Neuroblastoma, Neuroendocrine tumors, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-small cell lung cancer, Oat cell cancer, Ocular cancer, Ocular melanoma, Oligodendroglioma, Oral cancer, Oral cavity cancer, Oropharyngeal cancer, Osteogenic sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Ovarian cancer, Ovarian epithelial cancer, Ovarian germ cell tumor, Ovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma, Ovarian sex cord stromal tumor, Paget's disease, Pancreatic cancer, Papillary carcinoma, Paranasal sinus cancer, Parathyroid cancer, Pelvic cancer, Penile cancer, Peripheral nerve cancer, Peritoneal cancer, Pharyngeal cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Pilocytic astrocytoma, Pineal region tumor, Pineoblastoma, Pituitary gland cancer, Primary central nervous system lymphoma, Prostate cancer, Rectal cancer, Renal cell cancer, Renal pelvis cancer, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Salivary gland cancer, Sarcoma, Sarcoma, bone, Sarcoma, soft tissue, Sarcoma, uterine, Sinus cancer, Skin cancer, Small cell lung cancer, Small intestine cancer, Soft tissue sarcoma, Spinal cancer, Spinal column cancer, Spinal cord cancer, Spinal tumor, Squamous cell carcinoma, Stomach cancer, Synovial sarcoma, T-cell lymphoma), Testicular cancer, Throat cancer, Thymoma / thymic carcinoma, Thyroid cancer, Tongue cancer, Tonsil cancer, Transitional cell cancer, Transitional cell cancer, Transitional cell cancer, Triple-negative breast cancer, Tubal cancer, Tubular carcinoma, Ureteral cancer, Ureteral cancer, Urethral cancer, Uterine adenocarcinoma, Uterine cancer, Uterine sarcoma, Vaginal cancer, and Vulvar cancer.

[0135] In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes of the disclosure are used to treat a cancer is selectedfrom the group consisting of cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes can be used to treat cervical cancer.

[0136] Infectious Diseases. In some cases, the delivery vehicle complexes of the present disclosure is used to treat infectious diseases, such as microbial infection, e.g., a viral infection, a bacterial infection, a fungal infection, or a parasitic infection. Non-limiting examples of infectious diseases include hepatitis (such as HBV infection or HCV infection), RSV, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, or other viral infections.

[0137] Autoimmune diseases. Various autoimmune diseases and autoimmune-related diseases may be treated with the delivery vehicle complexes of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term "autoimmune disease" refers to a disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack its own tissues. As a non-limiting example, the autoimmune disease may be Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Addison's disease, Agammaglobulinemia, Alopecia areata, Amyloidosis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Anti-GBM / Anti-TBM nephritis, Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Autoimmune angioedema, Autoimmune aplastic anemia, Autoimmune dysautonomia, Autoimmune hepatitis, Autoimmune hyperlipidemia, Autoimmune immunodeficiency, Autoimmune inner ear disease (Al ED), Autoimmune myocarditis, Autoimmune oophoritis, Autoimmune pancreatitis, Autoimmune retinopathy, Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP), Autoimmune thyroid disease, Autoimmune urticaria, Axonal & neuronal neuropathies, Balo disease, Behcet's disease, Bullous pemphigoid, Cardiomyopathy, Castleman disease, Celiac disease, Chagas disease, Chronic fatigue syndrome**, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), Chronic recurrent multifocal ostomyelitis (CRMO), Churg-Strauss syndrome, Cicatricial pemphigoid / benign mucosal pemphigoid, Crohn's disease, Cogans syndrome, Cold agglutinin disease, Congenital heart block, Coxsackie myocarditis, CREST disease, Essential mixed ryoglobulinemia, Demyelinating neuropathies, Dermatitis herpetiformis, Dermatomyositis, Devic's disease (neuromyelitis optica), Discoid lupus, Dressier's syndrome, Endometriosis, Eosinophilic esophagitis, Eosinophilic fasciitis, Erythema nodosum, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Evans syndrome, Fibromyalgia**, Fibrosing alveolitis, Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis), Giant cell myocarditis, Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (formerly called Wegener's Granulomatosis), Graves' disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto's encephalitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hemolytic anemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Herpes gestationis, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), IgA nephropathy, lgG4-related sclerosing disease, Immunoregulatory lipoproteins, Inclusion body myositis, Interstitial cystitis, Juvenile arthritis, Juvenile diabetes (Type 1 diabetes), Juvenile myositis, Kawasaki syndrome, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Lichen planus, Lichen sclerosis, Ligneous conjunctivitis, Linear IgA disease (LAD), Lupus (SLE), Lyme disease, chronic, Meniere's disease, Microscopic polyangiitis, Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Mooren's ulcer, Mucha-Habermann disease, Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Myositis, Narcolepsy, Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's), Neutropenia, Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, Optic neuritis, Palindromic rheumatism, PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus), Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), ParryRomberg syndrome, Parsonnage-Turner syndrome, Pars planitis (peripheral uveitis), Pemphigus, Peripheral neuropathy, Perivenous encephalomyelitis, Pernicious anemia, POEMS syndrome, Polyarteritis nodosa, Type I, II, & III autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, Polymyalgia rheumatica, Polymyositis, Postmyocardial infarction syndrome, Postpericardiotomy syndrome, Progesterone dermatitis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic arthritis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, Pure red cell aplasia, Raynauds phenomenon, Reactive Arthritis, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Reiter's syndrome, Relapsing polychondritis, Restless legs syndrome, Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Schmidt syndrome, Scleritis, Scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, Sperm & testicular autoimmunity, Stiff person syndrome, Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), Susac's syndrome, Sympathetic ophthalmia, Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis / Giant cell arteritis, Thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, Transverse myelitis, Ulcerative colitis, Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), Uveitis, Vasculitis, Vesiculobullous dermatosis, Vitiligo, and Wegener's granulomatosis (now termed Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA).

[0138] Neurological diseases. Various neurological diseases may be treated with the delivery vehicle systems of the present disclosure. As a non-limiting example, the neurological disease may be Absence of the Septum Pellucidum, Acid Lipase Disease, Acid Maltase Deficiency, Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Adie's Pupil, Adie's Syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum, Agnosia, Aicardi Syndrome, Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome Disorder, AIDS - Neurological Complications, Alexander Disease, Alpers' Disease, Alternating Hemiplegia, Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Anencephaly, Aneurysm, Angelman Syndrome, Angiomatosis, Anoxia, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Aphasia, Apraxia, Arachnoid Cysts, Arachnoiditis, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Arteriovenous Malformation, Asperger Syndrome, Ataxia, Ataxia Telangiectasia, Ataxias and Cerebellar or Spinocerebellar Degeneration, Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke, Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autonomic Dysfunction, Back Pain, Barth Syndrome, Batten Disease, Becker's Myotonia, Behcet's Disease, Bell's Palsy, Benign Essential Blepharospasm, Benign Focal Amyotrophy, Benign Intracranial Hypertension, Bernhardt-Roth Syndrome, Binswanger's Disease, Blepharospasm, Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome, Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries, Brachial Plexus Injuries, Bradbury- Eggleston Syndrome, Brain and Spinal Tumors, Brain Aneurysm, Brain Injury, Brown-Sequard Syndrome, Bulbospinal Muscular Atrophy, Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), Canavan Disease, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Causalgia, Cavernomas, Cavernous Angioma, Cavernous Malformation, Central Cervical Cord Syndrome, Central Cord Syndrome, Central Pain Syndrome, Central Pontine Myelinolysis, Cephalic Disorders, Ceramidase Deficiency, Cerebellar Degeneration, Cerebellar Hypoplasia, Cerebral Aneurysms, Cerebral Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral Atrophy, Cerebral Beriberi, Cerebral Cavernous Malformation, Cerebral Gigantism, Cerebral Hypoxia, Cerebral Palsy, Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome (COFS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Chiari Malformation, Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease, Chorea, Choreoacanthocytosis, Chronic Inflammatory DemyelinatingPolyneuropathy (CIDP), Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance, Chronic Pain, Cockayne Syndrome Type II, Coffin Lowry Syndrome, Colpocephaly, Coma, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Congenital Facial Diplegia, Congenital Myasthenia, Congenital Myopathy, Congenital Vascular Cavernous Malformations, Corticobasal Degeneration, Cranial Arteritis, Craniosynostosis, Cree encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Cushing's Syndrome, Cytomegalic Inclusion Body Disease, Cytomegalovirus Infection, Dancing Eyes-Dancing Feet Syndrome, Dandy-Walker Syndrome, Dawson Disease, De Morsier's Syndrome, Dejerine-Klumpke Palsy, Dementia, Dementia -Multi-Infarct, Dementia - Semantic, Dementia Subcortical, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Dentate Cerebellar Ataxia, Dentatorubral Atrophy, Dermatomyositis, Developmental Dyspraxia, Devic's Syndrome, Diabetic Neuropathy, Diffuse Sclerosis, Dravet Syndrome, Dysautonomia, Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, Dysphagia, Dyspraxia, Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonica, Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Progressiva, Dystonias, Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy, Empty Sella Syndrome, Encephalitis, Encephalitis Lethargica, Encephaloceles, Encephalopathy, Encephalopathy (familial infantile), Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis, Epilepsy, Epileptic Hemiplegia, Erb's Palsy, Erb-Duchenne and Dejerine- Klumpke Palsies, Essential Tremor, Extrapontine Myelinolysis, Fabry Disease, Fahr's Syndrome, Fainting, Familial Dysautonomia, Familial Hemangioma, Familial Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification, Familial Periodic Paralyses, Familial Spastic Paralysis, Farber's Disease, Febrile Seizures, Fibromuscular Dysplasia, Fisher Syndrome, Floppy Infant Syndrome, Foot Drop, Friedreich's Ataxia, Frontotemporal Dementia, Gaucher Disease, Generalized Gangliosidoses, Gerstmann's Syndrome, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease, Giant Axonal Neuropathy, Giant Cell Arteritis, Giant Cell Inclusion Disease, Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, Glycogen Storage Disease, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Hallervorden-Spatz Disease, Head Injury, Headache, Hemicrania Continua, Hemifacial Spasm, Hemiplegia Alterans, Hereditary Neuropathies, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, Heredopathia Atactica Polyneuritiformis, Herpes Zoster, Herpes Zoster Oticus, Hirayama Syndrome, Holmes-Adie syndrome, Holoprosencephaly, HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy, Hughes Syndrome, Huntington's Disease, Hydranencephaly, Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus - Normal Pressure, Hydromyelia, Hypercortisolism, Hypersomnia, Hypertonia, Hypotonia, Hypoxia, Immune-Mediated Encephalomyelitis, Inclusion Body Myositis, Incontinentia Pigmenti, Infantile Hypotonia, Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy, Infantile Phytanic Acid Storage Disease, Infantile Refsum Disease, Infantile Spasms, Inflammatory Myopathies, Iniencephaly, Intestinal Lipodystrophy, Intracranial Cysts, Intracranial Hypertension, Isaacs' Syndrome, Joubert Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Kennedy's Disease, Kinsbourne syndrome, Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS), Kliiver-Bucy Syndrome, Korsakoff's Amnesic Syndrome, Krabbe Disease, Kugelberg-Welander Disease, Kuru, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment, Lateral Medullary Syndrome, Learning Disabilities, Leigh's Disease, Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Leukodystrophy, Levine-Critchley Syndrome, Lewy Body Dementia, Lipid Storage Diseases, Lipoid Proteinosis, Lissencephaly, Locked-ln Syndrome, Lou Gehrig's Disease, Lupus - Neurological Sequelae, Lyme Disease - Neurological Complications, Machado-Joseph Disease, Macrencephaly, Megalencephaly, Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, Meningitis, Meningitis and Encephalitis, Menkes Disease, Meralgia Paresthetica, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Microcephaly, Migraine,Miller Fisher Syndrome, Mini Stroke, Mitochondrial Myopathy, Moebius Syndrome, Monomelic Amyotrophy, Motor Neuron Diseases, Moyamoya Disease, Mucolipidoses, Mucopolysaccharidosis, Multi-Infarct Dementia, Multifocal Motor Neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple System Atrophy, Multiple System Atrophy with Orthostatic Hypotension, Muscular Dystrophy, Myasthenia - Congenital, Myasthenia Gravis, Myelinoclastic Diffuse Sclerosis, Myoclonic Encephalopathy of Infants, Myoclonus, Myopathy, Myopathy- Congenital, Myopathy -Thyrotoxic, Myotonia, Myotonia Congenita, Narcolepsy, Neuroacanthocytosis, Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation, Neurofibromatosis, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Neurological Complications of AIDS, Neurological Complications of Lyme Disease, Neurological Consequences of Cytomegalovirus Infection, Neurological Manifestations of Pompe Disease, Neurological Sequelae Of Lupus, Neuromyelitis Optica, Neuromyotonia, Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Neuronal Migration Disorders, Neuropathy- Hereditary, Neurosarcoidosis, Neurosyphilis, Neurotoxicity, Nevus Cavernosus, Niemann-Pick Disease, O'Sullivan-McLeod Syndrome, Occipital Neuralgia, Ohtahara Syndrome, Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy, Opsoclonus Myoclonus, Orthostatic Hypotension, Overuse Syndrome, Pain - Chronic, Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration, Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Paresthesia, Parkinson's Disease, Paroxysmal Choreoathetosis, Paroxysmal Hemicrania, Parry-Romberg, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Pena Shokeir II Syndrome, Perineural Cysts, Periodic Paralyses, Peripheral Neuropathy, Periventricular Leukomalacia, Persistent Vegetative State, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Phytanic Acid Storage Disease, Pick's Disease, Pinched Nerve, Piriformis Syndrome, Pituitary Tumors, Polymyositis, Pompe Disease, Porencephaly, Post-Polio Syndrome, Postherpetic Neuralgia, Post infectious Encephalomyelitis, Postural Hypotension, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Primary Dentatum Atrophy, Primary Lateral Sclerosis, Primary Progressive Aphasia, Prion Diseases, Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy, Progressive Locomotor Ataxia, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Sclerosing Poliodystrophy, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Prosopagnosia, Pseudo-Torch syndrome, Pseudotoxoplasmosis syndrome, Pseudotumor Cerebri, Psychogenic Movement, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome I, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome II, Rasmussen's Encephalitis, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome, Refsum Disease, Refsum Disease - Infantile, Repetitive Motion Disorders, Repetitive Stress Injuries, Restless Legs Syndrome, Retrovirus-Associated Myelopathy, Rett Syndrome, Reye's Syndrome, Rheumatic Encephalitis, Riley-Day Syndrome, Sacral Nerve Root Cysts, Saint Vitus Dance, Salivary Gland Disease, Sandhoff Disease, Schilder's Disease, Schizencephaly, Seitelberger Disease, Seizure Disorder, Semantic Dementia, Septo-Optic Dysplasia, Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (SMEI), Shaken Baby Syndrome, Shingles, Shy-Drager Syndrome, Sjogren's Syndrome, Sleep Apnea, Sleeping Sickness, Sotos Syndrome, Spasticity, Spina Bifida, Spinal Cord Infarction, Spinal Cord Injury, Spinal Cord Tumors, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Spinocerebellar Atrophy, Spinocerebellar Degeneration, Steele- Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome, Stiff-Person Syndrome, Striatonigral Degeneration, Stroke, Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy, Shortlasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform (SUNCT) Headache, Swallowing Disorders, Sydenham Chorea, Syncope, Syphilitic Spinal Sclerosis, Syringohydromyelia, Syringomyelia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tabes Dorsalis, Tardive Dyskinesia, Tarlov Cysts, Tay-Sachs Disease, Temporal Arteritis, Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome, Thomsen'sMyotonia, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Thyrotoxic Myopathy, Tic Douloureux, Todd's Paralysis, Tourette Syndrome, Transient Ischemic Attack, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Transverse Myelitis, Traumatic Brain Injury, Tremor, Trigeminal Neuralgia, Tropical Spastic Paraparesis, Troyer Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, Vascular Erectile Tumor, Vasculitis Syndromes of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, Von Economo's Disease, Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL), Von Recklinghausen's Disease, Wallenberg's Syndrome, Werdnig-Hoffman Disease, Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, West Syndrome, Whiplash, Whipple's Disease, Williams Syndrome, Wilson Disease, Wolman's Disease, X-Linked Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy.

[0139] In jurisdictions that forbid the patenting of methods that are practiced on the human body, the meaning of "administering” of a composition to a human subject or patient shall be restricted to prescribing a controlled substance that a human subject or patient will self-administer by any technique (e.g., orally, inhalation, topical application, injection, insertion, etc.). The broadest reasonable interpretation that is consistent with laws or regulations defining patentable subject matter is intended. In jurisdictions that do not forbid the patenting of methods that are practiced on the human body, the "administering” of compositions includes both methods practiced on the human body and also the foregoing activities.Examples

[0140] The following examples are provided for illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.Example 1 - General Synthesis of Degradable Peptoids a) 1 -Synthesis of side chain ester peptoidsSynthesis of parent peptoid

[0141] Aminolipidated peptoids were synthesized by the submonomer method with bromoacetic acid and N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIG). Polystyrene-supported MBHA Fmoc-protected Rink amide (200 mg representative scale, 0.64 mmol / g loading) resin was used as a solid support. For bromo acetylation, resin was combined with a 1 :1 mixture of 0.8 M bromoacetic acid and 0.8 M DIG for 15 minutes. Amine displacement was carried out using a 1 M solution of amine in DMF for 45 minutes. Peptoid esterification at desired locations was carried out by introducing silyl protected hydroxylamine submonomers and using 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-dioxan-5- amine as protecting head group instead of 2-amino-1 ,3-propanediol.Protection of amine

[0142] Resin was treated with 1.0 M BOC in DMF at 1.5ml for 1 hour, followed by filtration and washing three times with DMF.TBAF deprotection

[0143] Resin was treated with 0.5M TBAF in THF at 1 .0ml for 30 minutes, followed by filtration and washing three times with THF.Side chain esterification

[0144] Side chain esters were synthesized through solid phase esterification of peptoid (molecular weight, 1.0 or 2.3 kDa) on resin with fatty acid (e.g. branched or linear), using DIG as a coupling reagent and 4- (dimethylamino)pyridinium 4-toluenesulfonate (DPTS, which was made by separately dissolving DMAP and p- toluenesulfonic acid in dichloromethane (DCM) and mixing the two solutions using a 1 :1 molar equivalent) as a catalyst. Fatty acid (5.0 equiv), peptoid (1 equiv), and DPTS (1.5 equiv) (or 0.200 g of resin attached peptoid, 0.190 g of lauric acid, 0.04 g of DPTS) were mixed in 1.0 mL of dry dichloromethane (DCM). Next, 15 equiv of DIG (0.359 g of DIG) were dropwise added in total 0.5 mL of DCM to the resin suspension, preferably under nitrogen atmosphere.

[0145] After 3 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was transferred to a fritted syringe. The peptoid was cleaved from resin and subsequently deprotected using 2 mL trifluoroacetic acid (TFA): water 95:5 (% v / v), incubating for 5-10 minutes at room temperature. Resin was removed by filtration and the TFA solution was evaporated under nitrogen flow for 5 minutes, followed by dilution with 500 l of ethanol. Next the product was purified using reverse-phase flash chromatography with C4 column and a gradient from 60-95% ACN / H2O containing 0.1% TFA to remove the impurities and 1 ,3-diisopropylurea. The fraction of interest was collected and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The product was dissolved in ethanol and aliquoted at 25mg / ml and kept at - 80°C. b) Synthesis of side chain disulfide peptoidsSynthesis of parent peptoid

[0146] Aminolipidated peptoids were synthesized by the submonomer method reported by Zuckermann with bromoacetic acid and N, N'-disopropylcarbodiimide (DIG). Polystyrene-supported MBHA Fmoc-protected Rink amide (200 mg representative scale, 0.64 mmol / g loading) resin was used as a solid support. For bromo acetylation, resin was combined with a 1 :1 mixture of 0.8 M bromoacetic acid and 0.8 M DIG for 15 minutes. Amine displacement was carried out using a 1 M solution of amine in DMF for 45 minutes. Thiol-disulfideexchange reaction at desired locations was carried out by introducing trityl protected thiol submonomers.Side chain disulfide bond formation

[0147] Side chain disulfide coupling was carried out by cleavage of target peptoid from resin using DCM / TFA (50 v / v%) and subsequent addition of 20-30 l of TIPS (yellow color disappearance is indicator of hydride addition to carbocation in solution).

[0148] Organic solution was removed in vacuo. The precipitate was dissolved in 1 ml DCM, followed by addition of 1 .5 equiv of 2, 2'-dipy ridyldisulf ide dissolved in 1 ml of DCM and 30 pi I acetic acid. The reaction was kept at room temp for 3 hrs. Release of 2-mercaptopyridine is an indicator for disulfide exchange.

[0149] Next, thiol-end lipid (e.g. decanethiol) was added (20 equiv) directly into the solution, followed byaddition of 30 l of triethylamine (TEA). After 16 hrs stirring at room temp, the reaction solution was evaporated, dissolved in 1 ml ethanol followed by purification of crude product using reverse-phase flash chromatography with C4 column and a gradient from 60-98% ACN / H2O containing 0.1% TFA to remove the impurities and 1,3- diisopropylurea. The fraction of interest was collected and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The product was dissolved in ethanol, aliquoted at 25mg / ml and kept at -80°C. c) Synthesis of hybrid ester-disulfide peptoidsSynthesis of hybrid parent peptoids

[0150] Aminolipidated peptoids were synthesized by the submonomer method reported by Zuckermann with bromoacetic acid and N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIG). Polystyrene-supported MBHA Fmoc-protected Rink amide (200 mg representative scale, 0.64 mmol / g loading) resin was used as a solid support. For bromo acetylation, resin was combined with a 1 :1 mixture of 0.8 M bromoacetic acid and 0.8 M DIG for 15 minutes. Amine displacement was carried out using a 1 M solution of amine in DMF for 45 minutes. Peptoid esterification at desired locations was carried out by introducing silyl protected hydroxylamine submonomers and using 2,2- dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-amine as head group. Thiol-disulfide exchange reaction at desired locations was carried out by introducing trityl protected thiol submonomers.Boc Protection of amine

[0151] Resin was treated with 1.0 M BOC in DMF at 1.5ml for 1 hour, followed by filtration and washing three times with DMF.TBAF deprotection

[0152] After 3X washing step with DMF, resin attached peptoid was treated with 0.5M TBAF in THF at 1 .0ml for 30 minutes, followed by filtration.Side chain esterification

[0153] Side chain esters were synthesized through solid phase esterification of peptoid (molecular weight, 1.0 or 2.5 kDa) on resin with fatty acid (e.g. branched or linear), using DIG as a coupling reagent and 4 (dimethylamino)pyridinium 4-toluenesulfonate (DPTS, which was made by separately dissolving DMAP and p toluenesulfonic acid in tetrahydrofuran (DCM) and mixing the two solutions using a 1 :1 molar equivalence) as a catalyst (Scheme 1). Fatty acid (5.0 equiv), peptoid (1 equiv), and DPTS (1.5 equiv) (or 0.200 g of resin coupled peptoid, 0.190 g of lauric acid, 0.04 g of DPTS) were mixed in 1.0 mL of dry dichloromethane (DCM). Next, 15 equiv of DIG (0.359 g of DIG) were added in total 0.5 mL of DCM and dropwise added to the peptoid resin solution preferably under nitrogen atmosphere. After 3 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was added to the fritted syringe and the esterified peptoid was cleaved from resin using 2 mL of a mixture of 95:5 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA): water for 5-10 minutes at room temperature. Resin was removed by filtration and the TFA solution was evaporated under nitrogen flow for 5 minutes and diluted with 500ul of ethanol. This step followed by purification of crude product using reverse-phase flash chromatography (Biotage Selekt) with C4 column and agradient from 60-95% ACN / H2O containing 0.1% TFA to remove the impurities and 1 ,3-diisopropylurea. The fraction of interest at column volume (CV) of 7.0-13.0 was collected and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The product was weighed and transferred to reaction vial for the next step.Side chain disulfide bond formation

[0154] Side chain disulfide coupling was carried by dissolving dried product in DCM / TFA (50 v / v%) and subsequent addition of 20-30ul of TIPS (yellow color disappearance is indicator of scavenging free carbocation in solution).

[0155] The solution was removed in vacuo. The precipitate was dissolved in 1 ml DCM, followed by addition of 1 .5 equiv of 2, 2'-dipy ridy Idi su Ifide dissolved in 1 ml of DCM and 30 pl acetic acid. The reaction was kept at room temp for 3 hrs. Release of 2-mercaptopyridine is an indicator for disulfide exchange.

[0156] Next, thiol-end lipid (e.g. decanethiol) was added (20 equiv) directly into the solution, followed by addition of 30ul of triethylamine (TEA). After 16hrs stirring at room temp, the reaction solution was evaporated, dissolved in 1 ml ethanol followed by purification of product using reverse-phase flash chromatography (Biotage Selekt) with C4 column and a gradient from 60-98% ACN / H2O containing 0.1% TFA to remove the impurities and 1 ,3-diisopropylurea. The fraction of interest was collected and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The product was dissolved in ethanol, aliquoted at 25mg / ml and kept in -80°C.

[0157] Identity of peptoids were assayed with LC-MS system consisting of a TOF mass spectrometer. Chromatographic separation was performed using a C8 column (2.1 x 100mm) at 40°C. The gradient system was used at a flow rate of 0.2 ml / min: initially, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (60:40:0.1) containing 10mM ammonium formate; then it was programmed in a linear manner to isopropanol- acetonitrile-formic acid (80:20:0.1) containing 10mM ammonium formate over 11 min.

[0158] Characterization data for peptoids disclosed herein are provided in Table 4.Table 4: Peptoid characterization dataExample 2 - Synthesis of Delivery Vehicle Complexes

[0159] Synthesis. The one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group can be evaluated for therapeutic and / or prophylactic purposes in vitro or in vivo. Without being bound to any particular theory, the cationic portion(s) of the amino-lipidated peptoids bind to the negatively-charged phosphodiester backbone of the polyanionic cargo (e.g., nucleic acid cargo) through primarily electrostatic interactions, forming a mixed coacervate complex. Hydrophobic interactions between lipid chains on the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group can act to stabilize particle formation and assist with membrane association.

[0160] Delivery vehicle complexes can be prepared through any physical and / or chemical methods known in the art to modulate their physical, chemical, and biological properties. These methods typically involve rapid combination of the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group in water, or a water-miscible organic solvent, with the oligonucleotide in water or an aqueous buffer solution. These methods can include simple mixing of the components by pipetting, or microfluidic mixing processes such as those involving T-mixers, vortex mixers, or other chaotic mixing structures.

[0161] In standard formulations, the one or more degradable peptoids, such as peptoids comprising a reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group and additional lipids were dissolved in anhydrous ethanol at a concentration of 10 mg / mL to result in solutions that are stable at room temperature. In some cases, the solutions were stored at -20 °C. The nucleic acid cargo was dissolved in DNAse or RNAse-free water at a final concentration of 1-2 mg / mL. These solutions can be stored at -20 °C or -78 °C for extended time periods.

[0162] Delivery vehicles were formulated by rapid microfluidic mixing using a high throughput microfluidic system. Briefly, ethanol solutions containing peptoid, DSPC, Cholesterol, DMG-PEG2000 at weight ratio of 20:1.79:7.16:1.84, were mixed with 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.0) containing synthesized mRNA at a ratio of 1 :3 by volume. Peptoid based LNPs were subsequently dialyzed against 1-2 liters of tris-sucrose buffer (TS7, pH 7.4) overnight at 4 °C. Delivery vehicle size and polydispersity (PDI) was measured by dynamic light scattering in PBS. Size and PDI data are presented in Figure 1 and Table 5.Table 5: characterization of peptoid formulationsExample 3 - mRNA Encapsulation

[0163] The mRNA concentration and the percentage of encapsulated mRNA were determined using fluorescent-based Quant-IT RiboGreen RNA Reagent Kit (Life Technologies, Waltham, MA) as described previously. To determine the mRNA concentration, PNPs was incubated with 2% Triton X-100 for 10 min to release entrapped mRNA, followed by addition of RiboGreen RNA reagent. The fluorescence intensity of mRNA- RiboGreen reagent complex (excitation at 485 nm and emission at 530 nm) was detected using a microplate reader. The ratio of fluorescence without and with Triton X-100 were used to calculate the percentage of encapsulated mRNA. Encapsulation data are presented in Figure 2 and Table 6.Table 6: mean percent encapsulation of RNA with degradable peptoids.Example 4- In Vivo Luciferase Expression

[0164] All animal studies were conducted under accreditation by the California State Department of Public Health and under supervision of IACUC and Veterinarian Supervision. For imaging studies, female Balb / c mice (6-8 weeks old) were obtained and acclimatized for a minimum of 3 days prior to experiments. The animals were maintained on a 12 hour light cycle in a temperature and humidity controlled room. A daily health check was performed as well as food and water check. For dosing, mice were injected with 2.5 ug fLuc mRNA-containing Nutshells intravenously in 100 pL total injection volue. At 6 hours post-injection, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, injected IP with 30 mg / mL D-luciferin at a dose of 10 pL per gram bodyweight intraperitoneally. Imaging was done 10 minutes post D-luciferin injection using an IVIS Spectrum Imaging System (Caliper LifeSciences). Immediately after in vivo imaging, mice were terminally bled by cardiac puncture and euthanized. The organs of interest were harvested, placed in black 24-well plates, and imaged. Living Image software (Perkin Elmer) was used to quantify the total photon flux in regions of interest.

[0165] Results from this study are shown in Figure 3 and Table 7.Table 7: Luciferase expression with degradable peptoids.

[0166] Disulfide-containing analogs showed similar or better Flue expression than the non-degradable control compound (C1):Example 5 - DTT-mediated degradability study

[0167] Disulfide-containing compounds of Formula (I) were tested in a DTT-mediated degradation study. The disulfide compounds were observed to be rapidly cleaved under physiologically relevant reducing conditions.

[0168] To determine the succeptibility of disulfide-containing peptoids to reduction, candidates (final concentration of 200 pg / mL) were incubated at 37 °C in 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT). The cleavage of peptoid molecules was observed by first diluting sample 10x in ethanol, and then injecting onto analytical HPLC to monitor appearance of low retention time peaks corresponding to cleavage products. Data are shown in Figure 4.Example 6 - Quantification of hEPO in Serum

[0169] Balb / c mice were treated with 2.5 pg of mRNA coding for human erythropoiten via IV injection according to a similar method as in Example 4. hEPO protein in the serum was quantified after 6 hours using the Human EPO ELISA Kit from Invitrogen (catalog # BMS2035-2). Wash buffer (PBS with 1% tween 20) and assay buffer (PBS with 1% tween 20, 10% BSA) were prepared from a 20x concentrate with milli-Q water. Serum samples were diluted with PBS according to expected EPO concentration, with a 50x dilution for low expression samples and up to a 30,000x dilution for samples expected to have high expression. Microwell strips were washed in a plate washer with wash buffer and tapped on an absorbent pad to remove excess buffer. 100 pL of sample diluent were added to each well that will be used for the standard curve. 50 pL of sample diluent was added to each sample well.

[0170] The standard curve was prepared by reconstituting the human erythropoietin standard by adding the volume of water listed on the vial label. Standard was swirled gently and allowed to reconstitute for 10 minutes prior to use, then 100 pL is added to standard wells and mixed well. 100 pL from standard wells were then transferred to sample wells and mixed well. This was repeated 5 times to produce 2 columns of standard dilutions from 100 to 1.6 mIU / mL. 100 pL was discarded from the last microwells. The final 2 wells contained 100L of sample diluent and served as a blank. An external standard was also included to facilitate a mIU / mL conversion to ng / mL. The same serial dilution method was repeated starting with the external standard at 6.25 ng / mL. Once the standards were added, 50 L of each sample was added in duplicate to the sample wells. Next, the biotin-conjugate was prepared by diluting 1 : 100 in assay buffer. 50 L of biotin-conjugate was added to all wells and the plate was covered with a plate seal and shaken at room temperature for 1 hour. During the last few minutes of shaking, streptavidin-HRP was prepared by diluting 1 :100 in assay buffer. The plate was washed on a plate washer and tapped on an absorbent pad to remove remaining wash buffer.

[0171] 100 L of the diluted streptavidin-HRP was added to each well and the plate was sealed and shaken for 15 minutes at room temperature. After 15 minutes, the plate seal was removed and the plate was washed on a plate washer and remaining wash buffer tapped out on an absorbent pad. 100 L of TMB substrate was added to all wells and the plate was incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature out of direct light. Color development was checked every few minutes and the assay was stopped when the highest standard was dark blue. The reaction was stopped by pipetting 100 L of stop solution into each well. Immediately after stop solution was added, the plate was gently tapped to ensure the solution was mixed. Absorbance was then read at 450 nm for each well. A standard curve was plotted for both the kit-provided standards (mIU / mL) and the external standard (ng / mL) and fit using Prism. Sample absorbances that fell within the standard curve were interpolated and adjusted for dilution (including a 2x assay dilution). Samples that were not within the standard curve were repeated at an adjusted dilution.

[0172] Data are presented in Table 8.Table 8: hEPO expression with degradable peptoidsExample 7 - Quantification of peptoid biodistribution and clearance by mass spectrometry

[0173] Peptoid quantity in liver was determined via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-TOF). The entire liver was weighed, and then two sections were isolated using a provided biopsy punch for liver homogenization. Liver homogenate sample was prepared by resuspending 20 mg liver tissue in 400 piL extraction solvent (IPA / MeOH=8 / 2) containing an internal standard (400 pg / piL) followed by bead homogenization (45 sec per cycle for 3-4 cycles). Homogenized samples were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 8 min at 6 °C. The resulting supernatant was collected and stored at -20 °C for further LC analysis. 5 piL of the resulting supernatant sample from solid or liquid tissue was injected into a BEH C8 column on an Agilent 1290 Infinity II liquid chromatograph coupled with an Agilent 6230 LC-TOF system. Concentrations of peptoids were determined by a linear calibration curve (linear range:0.2-50 pig / g for solid tissue). Standard calibration curve solutions were prepared by spiking untreated liver followed by homogenization and centrifugation. Data are presented in Table 9.Table 9: percent degradable peptoid remaining in liverExample 8 - Local administration of degradable peptoids

[0174] Aminolipidated peptoids were also effective for local administration of mRNA through subcutaneous (S.C.) or intramuscular (I.M.) routes of administration. For these examples, mRNA was administered at a dose of 0.1 mpk for intratomoral, or 0.01 mpk for subcutaneous and intramuscular administration, and the resulting bioluminescence quantified after 6 hours according to a similar procedure as described in Example 4. Data are presented in Table 10.Table 10: Luciferase expression with degradable peptoids administered via IM or SCExample 9 - Comparative study of degradable peptoid formulations

[0175] Degradable peptoids described herein were formulated as various formulations described in Table 3 according to the procedure described in Example 2. Particle size was characterized as described in Example 2, and % encapsulation of mRNA was determined as described in Example 3. Data are presented in Table 11 .Table 11: Size and encapsulation characteristics of degradable peptoids in various formulations

[0176] Luciferase expression in these formulations was also determined as described in Example 4. Data are presented in Table 12.Table 12: Luciferase expression with degradable peptoids in various formulations

[0177] It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and embodiments and additional concepts and embodiments discussed in greater detail below are contemplated as being part of theinventive subject matter disclosed herein, and may be employed in any suitable combination to achieve the benefits as described here. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. The foregoing description is given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as modifications within the scope of the disclosure may be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art.

[0178] The terms "substantially” and "about” used throughout this Specification are used to describe and account for small fluctuations. For example, they can refer to less than or equal to ±5%, such as less than or equal to ±2%, such as less than or equal to ±1%, such as less than or equal to ±0.5%, such as less than or equal to ±0.2%, such as less than or equal to ±0.1%, such as less than or equal to ±0.05%.

[0179] Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise” and variations such as "comprises” and "comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

[0180] Throughout the specification, where compositions are described as including components or materials, it is contemplated that the compositions can also consist essentially of, or consist of, any combination of the recited components or materials, unless described otherwise. Likewise, where methods are described as including particular steps, it is contemplated that the methods can also consist essentially of, or consist of, any combination of the recited steps, unless described otherwise. The disclosure illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element or step which is not specifically disclosed herein.

[0181] The practice of a method disclosed herein, and individual steps thereof, can be performed manually and / or with the aid of or automation provided by electronic equipment. Although processes have been described with reference to particular embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other ways of performing the acts associated with the methods may be used. For example, the order of various steps may be changed without departing from the scope or spirit of the method, unless described otherwise. In addition, some of the individual steps can be combined, omitted, or further subdivided into additional steps.

[0182] All patents, publications and references cited herein are hereby fully incorporated by reference. In case of conflict between the present disclosure and incorporated patents, publications and references, the present disclosure should control.

Claims

We Claim:1 . A compound having a structure of Formula (I):wherein n is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;R1is H, CHO, or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH;R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH, C^alkylene-Het, C^alkyl, or C^alkenyl; each R3independently is Ci-salkylene-Het, C6-24alkyl, or C6-24alkenyl, with the provisos that I) at least one R3is Ce-24al ky I or C^alkenyl, and (ii) at least one and up to n of the C^alkyl or C^alkenyl are interrupted with at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group; and each Het is independently Ce- aryl or a 5- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein: n is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;R1is H or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH;R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1-3 additional OH; each R3independently is C^alkyl or C^alkenyl, with the proviso that at least one and up to n of the C^alkyl or C^alkenyl are interrupted with at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group.

3. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is a disulfide, ester, thioester, carbamate, or thiocarbamate group.

4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the at least one reductively cleavable or hydrolyzable group is selected from S-S, 0(0)0, and 00(0).

5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, wherein at least one C6-24alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with S-S.

6. The compound of claim 5, wherein one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with S-S.

7. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, wherein at least one C6-24alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with 0(0)0.

8. The compound of claim 7, wherein one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with 0(0)0.

9. The compound of claim 7, wherein two C^alkyl or C^alkenyl are interrupted with C(O)O.

10. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, wherein at least one C6-24alkyl or C6-24alkenyl is interrupted with OC(O).11 . The compound of claim 10, wherein one C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with OC(O).

12. The compound of claim 10, wherein two C^alkyl or C^alkenyl are interrupted with OC(O).

13. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein n is 3.

14. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein n is 4.

15. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein n is 6.

16. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein n is 8.

17. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein n is 9.

18. The compound of any one of claims 1-17, wherein R1is H or C^alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 OH.

19. The compound of any one of claims 1-18, wherein R1is H.

20. The compound of any one of claims 1 and 3-17, wherein R1is CHO.

21. The compound of any one of claims 1-20, wherein R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1 additional OH.

22. The compound of any one of claims 1-20, wherein R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 2 or 3 additional OH.

23. The compound of claim 21 or 22, wherein R2is C^alkylene-OH substituted with 1, 2, or 3 additional OH.

24. The compound of claim 23, wherein R2is Caalkylene-OH substituted with 1 additional OH.

25. The compound of claim 23 or 24, wherein R2is26. The compound of any one of claims 1-20, wherein R2is C6-24alkyl or C6-24alkenyl.

27. The compound of claim 26, wherein C^alkyl or C^alkenyl is interrupted with S-S, C(O)O, or OC(O).

28. The compound of any one of claims 1-20, wherein R2is Chalky lene-Het.

29. The compound of claim 28, wherein Het is a 5- to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl comprising 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms selected from 0, N, and S.

30. The compound of claim 28 or 29, wherein R2is31 . The compound of any one of claims 1-30, wherein each R3independently is C^alkyl or Ce- 24alkenyl.

32. The compound of any one of claims 1-31, wherein at least one R3is C6-24alkyl.

33. The compound of any one of claims 1-32, wherein each R3is C6-24alkyl.

34. The compound of any one of claims 1-33, wherein at least one R3is Cs- alkyl.

35. The compound of any one of claims 1-34, wherein each R3is Cs- alkyl.

36. The compound of any one of claims 1-35, wherein at least one R3is Csalkyl.

37. The compound of any one of claims 1-35, wherein at least one R3is Cwalkyl .

38. The compound of any one of claims 1-35, wherein at least one R3is Csalkyl.

39. The compound of any one of claims 1-35, wherein at least one R3is Csalkyl.

40. The compound of any one of claims 1-35, wherein at least one R3is Ciealkyl.

41. The compound of any one of claims 1-32, wherein at least one R3independently is Ce-isalkyl orCe-isalkenyl and one or more Ce-isalkyl or Ce-isalkenyl is interrupted with S-S, C(O)O, or OC(O).

42. The compound of any one of claims 1-32, wherein at least one R3independently is Cs- alkyl orCs-isalkenyl, with the proviso that at least one and up to n of the Cs- alky I or Cs-isal keny I are interrupted with at least one group selected from S-S, C(O)O, and OC(O).

43. The compound of claim 41 or 42, wherein at least one R3is Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl, Ci. 4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkenyl, Ci-4alkenylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl, or Ci-4alkenylene-S-S-C8-i4alkenyl.

44. The compound of claim 43, wherein at least one R3is Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl.45, The compound of claim 44, wherein one R3is Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl .

46. The compound of claim 44, wherein two R3are Ci-4alkylene-S-S-C8-i4alkyl .

47. The compound of claim 41 or 42, wherein at least one R3is Ci-6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl, Ci.6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkenyl, Ci-6alkenylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl, or Ci-6alkenylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkenyl.

48. The compound of claim 47, wherein at least one R3is Ci-6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl.

49. The compound of claim 48, wherein one R3is Ci-6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl .

50. The compound of claim 48, wherein two R3are Ci-6alkylene-C(O)O-C6-i2alkyl .51 . The compound of claim 41 or 42, wherein at least one R3is Ci-6alkylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkyl, Ci.6alkylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkenyl, Ci-6alkenylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkyl, or Ci-6alkenylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkenyl.

52. The compound of claim 51 , wherein at least one R3is Ci-6alkylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkyl.

53. The compound of claim 52, wherein one R3is Ci-6alkylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkyl .

54. The compound of claim 52, wherein two R3are Ci-6alkylene-OC(O)-C6-i2alkyl .

55. The compound of any one of claims 1-30, 32, 34, or 36-54, wherein at least one R3is Cisalkylene-Het.

56. The compound of claim 55, wherein at least one R3is C i-sal ky lene-Het.

57. The compound of claim 55 or 56, wherein Het is phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl.

58. The compound of any one of claims 1-57, wherein at least one R3is selected from the group59. The compound of claim 58, wherein at least one R3is selected from the group consisting of61 . The compound of claim 60, wherein each R3independently is selected from the group62. The compound of any one of claims 1-61, wherein at least one R3is63. The compound of claim 62, wherein at least one R3is64. The compound of claim 63, wherein one R3is66. The compound of claim 1, having a structure as recited in Table 1.

67. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of any one of claims 1-66.

68. A delivery vehicle composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-66 or the salt of claim 67.

69. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 68, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of a phospholipid, a sterol, and a PEGylated lipid.

70. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 69, wherein the composition comprises a phospholipid, a sterol, and a PEGylated lipid.71 . The delivery vehicle composition of claim 69, wherein the composition consists essentially of the compound of any one of claims 1-46 or the salt of claim 47, a phospholipid, a sterol, and a PEGylated lipid.

72. The delivery vehicle composition of any one of claims 68-71 , wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 30 mol% to about 60 mol%.

73. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 35 mol% to about 55 mol%.

74. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 30 mol% to about 45 mol%.

75. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 35 mol% to about 39 mol%.

76. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 39 mol% to about 52 mol%.

77. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 30 mol% to about 35 mol%.

78. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 40 mol% to about 45 mol%.

79. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 42 mol% to about 49 mol%.

80. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 50 mol% to about 52 mol%.81 . The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 60 mol% of the compound of Formula (I); about 3 mol% to about 20 mol% of the phospholipid, about 25 mol% to about 60 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 5 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

82. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 81 , wherein the composition comprises about 35 mol% to about 55 mol% of the compound or salt of Formula (I); about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% of the phospholipid, about 30 mol% to about 55 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

83. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 81 , wherein the composition comprises about 38 mol% to about 52 mol% of the compound or salt of Formula (I); about 9 mol% to about 12 mol% of the phospholipid, about 35 mol% to about 50 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 2 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

84. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 72, wherein the composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 49 mol% of the compound of Formula (I); about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% of the phospholipid, about 30 mol% to about 55 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

85. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 84, wherein the composition comprises about 35 mol% to about 49 mol% of the compound or salt of Formula (I); about 7 mol% to about 12 mol% of the phospholipid, about 35 mol% to about 50 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 2 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

86. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 84, wherein the composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 45 mol% of the compound or salt of Formula (I); about 7 mol% to about 12 mol% of the phospholipid, about 40 mol% to about 55 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 3 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

87. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 84, wherein the composition comprises about 30 mol% to about 35 mol% of the compound or salt of Formula (I); about 7 mol% to about 12 mol% of the phospholipid, about 50 mol% to about 55 mol% of the sterol, and about 2 mol% to about 3 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

88. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 84, wherein the composition comprises about 40 mol% to about 45 mol% of the compound or salt of Formula (I); about 7 mol% to about 12 mol% of the phospholipid, about 40 mol% to about 45 mol% of the sterol, and about 1 mol% to about 2 mol% of the PEGylated lipid.

89. The delivery vehicle composition of any one of claims 68-88, wherein the phospholipid is selected from the group consisting of 1 ,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), 1 ,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero- 3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1 ,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-diundecanoyl-sn-glycero- phosphocholine (DUPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0 Diether PC), 1-oleoyl-2-cholesterylhemisuccinoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OChemsPC), 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C 16 Lyse PC), 1 ,2-dilinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, 1 , 2-d i arachi donoy l-sn-glycero-3-phosphochol i ne, 1 ,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE),1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (ME 16.0 PE), 1,2- distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1 , 2-di I i noleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoeth anol amine, 1 ,2- dilinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1 ,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2- didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1 -glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG), sphingomyelin, and combinations thereof.

90. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 89, wherein the phospholipid is DOPE, DSPC, or a combination thereof.91 . The delivery vehicle composition of claim 90, wherein the phospholipid is DSPC.

92. The delivery vehicle composition of any one of claims 68-91 , wherein the sterol is selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, fecosterol, sitosterol, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, tomatidine, ursolic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and mixtures thereof.

93. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 92, wherein the sterol is cholesterol.

94. The delivery vehicle composition of any one of claims 68-93, wherein the PEGylated lipid is selected from the group consisting of a PEG-modified phosphatidylethanolamine, a PEG-modified phosphatidic acid, a PEG-modified ceramide, a PEG-modified dialkylamine, a PEG-modified diacylglycerol, a PEG-modified dialkylglycerol, a PEG-modified sterol, and a PEG-modified phospholipid.

95. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 94, wherein the PEGylated lipid is selected from the group consisting of PEG-modified cholesterol, N-octanoyl-sphingosine-1-{succinyl[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)]}, N-palmitoyl-sphingosine-1-{succinyl[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)]}, PEG-modified DMPE (DMPE- PEG), PEG-modified DSPE (DSPE-PEG), PEG-modified DPPE (DPPE-PEG), PEG-modified DOPE (DOPEPEG), dimyristoylglycerol-polyethylene glycol (DMG-PEG), distearoylglycerol-polyethylene glycol (DSG-PEG), dipalmitoy Iglycerol-polyethy lene glycol (DPG-PEG), dioleoylglycerol-polyethy lene glycol (DOG-PEG), and a combination thereof.

96. The delivery vehicle composition of claim 95, wherein the PEGylated lipid is dimyristoylglycerol-polyethylene glycol 2000 (DMG-PEG 2000).

97. A delivery vehicle complex comprising the delivery vehicle composition of any one of claims 68-96, and a polyanionic compound.

98. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 97, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof is complexed to the polyanionic compound.

99. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 98, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 5:1 to about 25:1.

100. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 99, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 12:1 to about 20:1101 . The delivery vehicle complex of claim 99, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 16:1 to about 20:1102. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 99, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 15:1 to about 23:1103. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 99, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 7:1 to about 20:1104. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 99, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 22:1.

105. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 99, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 23:1.

106. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 100, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 10:1 to about 17:1107. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 10:1.

108. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 12:1.

109. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 13:1.

110. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 15:1.

111. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 16:1.

112. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 17:1.

113. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 18:1.

114. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 19:1.

115. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 103, wherein the compound or salt of Formula (I) and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 20:1.

116. The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-115, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2:1 to about 10:1.

117. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2:1 to about 5:1.

118. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2:1 to about 4:1.

119. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2:1 to about 3:1.

120. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2.5:1.

121. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2.7:1.

122. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 3.8:1.

123. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 4:1 .

124. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 116, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 5:1 .

125. The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-124, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 4:1 to about 10:1.

126. The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 5:1 to about 8:1.

127. The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-126, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 5:1 to about 6:1.

128. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 4.5:1.

129. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 5.4:1.

130. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 6.5:1.

131. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 6.7:1.

132. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 7:1.

133. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 8:1.

134. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 125, wherein the sterol and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 8.8:1.

135. The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-134, wherein the PEGylated lipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 0.5:1 to about 2.5:1.

136. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the PEGylated lipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 1 :1 to about 2:1.

137. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the PEGylated lipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 1 :5 to about 2:1.

138. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 1.4:1.

139. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 1.5:1.

140. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 1.6:1.141 . The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 1.8:1.

142. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 1.9:1.

143. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2:1.

144. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 135, wherein the phospholipid and the polyanionic compound are present in a mass ratio of about 2.1 :1.

145. The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-144, wherein the complex exhibits a particle size of about 50 nm to about 200 nm and / or a polydispersity index (PD I ) of less than about 0.25.

146. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 145, wherein the complex exhibits a particle size of about 60 nm to about 100 nm.

147. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 146, wherein the complex exhibits a particle size between about 60 nm to about 90 nm.

148. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 145, wherein the complex exhibits a particle size of about 105 nm to about 200 nm.

149. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 145, wherein the delivery vehicle complex exhibits a particle size of about 155 nm to about 195 nm.

150. The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-149, wherein at least 80% of the polyanionic compound is retained after storage at 4 °C for 48 days, or the delivery vehicle complex retains at least 80% of its original size after storage at 4 °C for 48 days, or both.151 . The delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-150, wherein the polyanionic compound comprises at least one nucleic acid.

152. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 151 , wherein the at least one nucleic acid comprises RNA, DNA, or a combination thereof.

153. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 152, wherein the at least one nucleic acid comprises RNA.

154. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 153, wherein the RNA is mRNA encoding a peptide, a protein, or a functional fragment of the foregoing.

155. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 154, wherein the mRNA encodes for a viral peptide, a viral protein, or functional fragment of any of the foregoing.

156. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 155, wherein the mRNA encodes for a human papillomavirus (HPV) protein or a functional fragment thereof.

157. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 156, wherein the mRNA encodes for the HPV E6 protein and / or the HPV E7 protein, or a functional fragment of the foregoing.

158. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 155, wherein the mRNA encodes for a viral spike protein or a functional fragment thereof.

159. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 158, wherein the mRNA encodes for a SARS-CoV spike (S) protein or a functional fragment thereof.

160. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 155, wherein the mRNA encodes for influenza hemagglutinin (HA), or a functional fragment thereof.

161. The delivery vehicle complex of claim 155, comprising an mRNA that encodes for a SARS- CoV spike (S) protein and an mRNA that encodes for influenza hemagglutinin (HA), or a functional fragment of the foregoing.

162. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-161, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

163. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 162 as an intratumoral (IT) or intramuscular (IM) composition.

164. A method of inducing an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-161, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 162 or 163, thereby inducing an immune response in the subject.

165. A method of treating a viral infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-161 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 162 or 163, thereby treating the viral infection in the subject.

166. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-161 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 162 or 163, thereby treating the cancer in the subject.

167. The method of claim 166, wherein the cancer is cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or a combination thereof.

168. The method of any one of claims 164-167, wherein the administering is by intramuscular, intratumoral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous delivery.

169. A method of delivering a polyanionic compound to a cell comprising contacting the cell with the delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-161 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 162 or 163.

170. The method of claim 169, wherein the cell is a muscle cell, a tumor cell, or a combination thereof.

171. The method of claim 169 or 170, wherein the polyanionic compound is an mRNA that encodes for a peptide, a protein, or a fragment of any of the foregoing, and the cell expresses the peptide, the protein, or the fragment after being contacted with the delivery vehicle complex.

172. A method of forming the delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-161, comprising contacting the compound or salt of Formula (I) with the polyanionic compound.

173. The method of claim 172, comprising admixing a solution comprising the compound or salt of Formula (I) with a solution comprising the polyanionic compound.

174. A vaccine comprising the delivery vehicle complex of any one of claims 97-161 or the pharmaceutical formulation any claim 162 or 163.

175. The vaccine of claim 174, for use in the treatment of cancer.

176. A method of treating or preventing cancer in a patient, comprising administering to the patient the vaccine of claim 174.

177. The vaccine for use of claim 175 or the method of claim 176, wherein the cancer is cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or a combination thereof.

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