Communication method and device

Abstract

The present application relates to a communication method, a device, a computer readable storage medium, a computer program product, and a computer program. The method comprises: receiving a reflected signal of a downlink sensing signal, wherein the downlink sensing signal is generated on the basis of a sensing key shared by a first terminal and an access network device.

Description

Communication method and device Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly, to a communication method, device, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, and computer program. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, 3GPP has initiated research on converged perception communication services. These perception services, provided by this integrated scenario, can track and potentially identify any target (perception target) in the environment by transmitting perception signals via terminals and / or base stations, and measuring the echo signals of these perception signals via the perception terminals and / or access network equipment. However, in these perception scenarios, ensuring the security of the perception signals themselves, and thus the security of the entire perception scenario, has become a challenge.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, device, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, and computer program.

[0005] This embodiment of the present application provides a communication method performed by a first terminal, including:

[0006] A reflected signal of a downlink perception signal is received, wherein the downlink perception signal is generated by a perception key shared by the first terminal and the access network device.

[0007] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method performed by an access network device, including:

[0008] Sending a downlink perception signal, wherein the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the access network device and one or more nodes.

[0009] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method performed by a core network device, including:

[0010] A perception key is sent to an access network device, wherein the perception key is used by the access network device to generate a downlink perception signal.

[0011] An embodiment of the present application provides a first terminal, including:

[0012] The first communication unit is configured to receive a reflected signal of a downlink perception signal, where the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the first terminal and an access network device.

[0013] An embodiment of the present application provides an access network device, including:

[0014] The second communication unit is configured to send a downlink perception signal, wherein the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the access network device and one or more nodes.

[0015] An embodiment of the present application provides a core network device, including:

[0016] The third communication unit is configured to send a perception key to the access network device, wherein the perception key is used by the access network device to generate a downlink perception signal.

[0017] An embodiment of the present application provides a first terminal, comprising a transceiver, a processor, and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the first terminal executes the above method.

[0018] An embodiment of the present application provides an access network device, comprising a transceiver, a processor, and a memory. The memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the access network device performs the above method.

[0019] An embodiment of the present application provides a core network device, comprising a transceiver, a processor, and a memory. The memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the core network device performs the above method.

[0020] The embodiment of the present application provides a chip for implementing the above method.

[0021] Specifically, the chip includes: a processor, which is used to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes the above method.

[0022] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which enables a device to perform the above method when the computer program is executed by the device.

[0023] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions, which enable a computer to execute the above method.

[0024] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the above method.

[0025] By adopting the above solution, a downlink sensing signal is generated using a sensing key shared only by the receiving end and the access network device. This allows only the receiving end that shares the sensing key with the access network device to correctly receive and measure the downlink sensing signal, improving the security of the downlink sensing signal itself and ensuring the security of the sensing scenario. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG2 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG3 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a calculation process of a perception sequence according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a downlink sensing scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing flow in a non-roaming scenario of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing flow in a roaming scenario of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG9 is another example diagram of a processing flow in a non-roaming scenario of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing flow of a group scenario of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG11 is a schematic block diagram of a first terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG12 is a schematic block diagram of an access network device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG13 is a schematic block diagram of a core network device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG14 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] FIG15 is a schematic block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG16 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as LTE, LTE-A, NR, NR evolution, WLAN, WiFi, or other communication systems.

[0043] The embodiments of the present application describe various embodiments in conjunction with network devices and terminals. The terminals can be mobile or fixed, and can also be referred to as mobile stations, user units, etc. The terminal can be a site in a WLAN, and can be a smart terminal, wireless modem, laptop computer, tablet computer, or other terminal. In the embodiments of the present application, the terminal can be a VR terminal / AR terminal, an industrial control terminal, an unmanned driving terminal, a telemedicine terminal, a smart grid terminal, a transportation safety terminal, a smart city terminal, or a wireless terminal for a smart home, etc. As an example and not a limitation, in the embodiments of the present application, the terminal can also be a wearable device.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, the network device may be a device for communicating with a terminal, an access point in a WLAN, an evolved base station in LTE, or a relay station, or a network device (gNB) in an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, and an NR network, or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network or a network device in a non-terrestrial network. As an example and not a limitation, in the embodiment of the present application, the network device may have a mobile feature, for example, the network device may be a mobile device.

[0045] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this article. The term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association relationship. For example, A indicates B, which can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also mean that there is an association relationship between A and B. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "corresponding" can mean that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or it can mean that there is an association relationship between the two, or it can mean a relationship between indication and indication, configuration and configuration, etc.

[0046] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described below. The following relevant technologies can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0047] Figure 1 exemplarily illustrates a communication system 100. The communication system includes a network device 110 and two terminals 120. In one possible implementation, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices 110, and each network device 110 may include a different number of terminals 120 within its coverage area, although this embodiment of the present application does not limit this. In one possible implementation, the communication system 100 may also include a mobility management entity, access and mobility management functions, and other network entities, although this embodiment of the present application does not limit this. The network devices may include access network devices and core network devices. That is, the communication system may also include multiple core networks for communicating with the access network devices. The access network devices may be base stations of LTE, LTE-A, or NR systems. Taking the communication system shown in Figure 1 as an example, the communication devices may include network devices and terminals with communication functions. The communication devices may also include other devices in the communication system, such as network controllers, mobility management entities, and other network entities, although this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0048] Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method executed by a first terminal according to an embodiment of the present application. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0049] S210. Receive a reflected signal of a downlink perception signal, where the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the first terminal and an access network device.

[0050] Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method performed by an access network device according to another embodiment of the present application. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0051] S310: Send a downlink perception signal, where the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the access network device and one or more nodes.

[0052] Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method performed by a core network device according to another embodiment of the present application. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0053] S410: Send a perception key to an access network device, where the perception key is used by the access network device to generate a downlink perception signal.

[0054] The access network equipment may include at least one of the following: a base station, a gNB, an eNB, a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, a network device in an NTN network, a satellite, and the like.

[0055] The downlink sensing signal may also be referred to as a downlink sensing reference signal, or as any one of the sensing reference signals. For example, the downlink sensing reference signal may be a PRS (Positioning Reference Signal), a DM-RS (Demodulation Reference Signal), a CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal), and the like. The specific types of all possible downlink sensing reference signals are not limited or exhaustive here.

[0056] The reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal may refer to a signal resulting from the downlink sensing signal being reflected by a sensing target. In some possible examples, the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal may also be referred to as an echo signal, an echo signal, or a reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal. This does not limit or exhaustively list all possible names for the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal. In some possible examples, the sensing target may also be simply referred to as a target.

[0057] In a single-transmit-single-receive downlink sensing scenario, the downlink sensing signal sent by the access network device can be received by a node, which is the first terminal, and a reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal can be measured.

[0058] In a downlink perception scenario of single-transmission group reception, the downlink perception signal sent by the access network device can be received by multiple nodes and the reflected signals of the downlink perception signal can be measured. In this case, the multiple nodes can be multiple nodes in the same group.

[0059] The group containing the multiple nodes is referred to as a first group. Any of the multiple nodes in the first group may be a terminal or other access network device, and different nodes may be of the same or different device types. For example, the first group may include one or more terminals and / or one or more other access network devices, and any one of the one or more terminals is the first terminal.

[0060] In some possible implementations, the access network device shares a perception key with each of the one or more nodes. The perception key is used to calculate the perception sequence, that is, the access network device and each node store the same perception key for calculating the perception sequence.

[0061] Optionally, on one or more node sides, taking the first terminal as an example, the perception key is calculated based on a first shared key, wherein the first shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device, and a group key corresponding to the first group to which the first terminal is located.

[0062] Optionally, taking the first terminal as an example, the perception key is calculated based on the first shared key and at least one of the following parameters: the identifier of the access network device, the second random number, the identifier of the first terminal, the identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, and the identifier of the perception service.

[0063] Optionally, on the access network device side, the perception key is calculated based on a second shared key, wherein the second shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a group key corresponding to a first group, and the first group includes the first terminal.

[0064] Optionally, on the access network device side, the perception key is calculated based on the second shared key and at least one of the following parameters: the identifier of the access network device, a second random number, the identifier of the first terminal, the identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, and the identifier of the perception service.

[0065] Optionally, on the access network device side, the perception key may be configured by the core network device. The perception key is shared by a first terminal and the access network device, and the first terminal is one of the one or more nodes.

[0066] Next, in combination with embodiments of various downlink perception scenarios, detailed processing of respectively calculating the perception key for the access network device and each node is described.

[0067] In one embodiment, in a single-transmit, single-receive downlink sensing scenario, the first terminal may be the sole node measuring the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal, and the sensing key is shared between the first terminal and the access network device. In this embodiment, the sensing key is calculated separately by the first terminal and the core network device, and the sensing key is configured on the access network device side.

[0068] On the first terminal side, the perception key is calculated based on a first shared key, where the first shared key is a second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device. That is, the processing by the first terminal may further include: calculating the perception key based on the second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device. The first terminal calculates the perception key as long as it occurs before demodulating the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal, which is within the scope of protection of this embodiment.

[0069] On the access network device side, the perception key is configured. Before the access network device sends the downlink perception signal, the method further includes: receiving the perception key from a core network device.

[0070] On the core network device side, the perception key is calculated based on a second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device. Processing by the core network device may include: calculating the perception key based on the second key shared with the first terminal; and sending a first request to the access network device, where the first request may carry the perception key. The first request may have at least one of the following functions: triggering a perception service, configuring perception information, configuring perception-related information, and configuring perception security information.

[0071] The core network device may include at least one of the following: AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), AUSF (Authentication Server Function), SEAF (Security Anchor Function), AKMA server (AAnF, AKMA Anchor Function), GBA server BSF (Bootstrapping Server Function), SF, AF, etc. Among them, AMF and SEAF may also be co-located.

[0072] Correspondingly, the second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device may be one of the following: K shared between the first terminal and the AMF AMF , K shared between the first terminal and AUSF (AMF) SEAF , K shared between the first terminal and AKMA AKMA , K shared by the first terminal and AF AF ,, K shared by the first terminal and SF SF , the GBA key shared between the first terminal and the GBA server, such as K sNAF It should be understood that this is merely an example and does not limit or exhaustively list all possible key types of the second key.

[0073] It should be understood that since the first terminal and the core network device essentially calculate the perception key based on the second key, and the first terminal and the core network device should use the same key algorithm and other identical parameters to calculate the perception key, the perception keys obtained by the two should theoretically be the same. This embodiment no longer distinguishes between the different names of the perception keys calculated by different devices.

[0074] The key algorithm used by the first terminal and the core network device to calculate the perception key may be a default one or a protocol-specified one. For example, the key algorithm may include at least one of the following: a key derivation function (KDF), a first authentication function, a second authentication function, a third key generation function (for example, f3), a fourth key generation function (for example, f4), a fifth key generation function (for example, f5), a hash algorithm, an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), SNOW3G (Snow Third Generation), ZUC (ZUChongzhi), an exclusive OR calculation, and a direct connection calculation. The hash algorithm may include HMAC-SHA-256 (Hash based Message Authentication Code-Secure Hash Algorithm-256, a secure hash algorithm 256 based on a hashed message authentication code, which may be expressed as SHA-256), or other hash algorithms or hash functions may be used, which are not exhaustive in this embodiment.

[0075] The second key is K AMF For example, the first terminal and the core network device calculate the perception key Ksf based on the second key, which can be expressed by the following formula: Ksf = KDF (K AMF ).

[0076] Optionally, on the first terminal and core network device side, the perception key is calculated based on the second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device and at least one of the following parameters: the identifier of the access network device, the second random number, the identifier of the first terminal, and the identifier of the perception service.

[0077] The identification of the perception service may also be replaced by the perception service type, and the identification of the perception service may be expressed as a perception service ID.

[0078] The second random number can be expressed as Nonce1.

[0079] The second key is K AMF For example, on the first terminal and the core network device (AMF) side, the following formula can be used to calculate the perception key: Ksf = KDF (K AMF, "Sensing", sensing service ID, UE ID, gNB ID, Nonce1), where Ksf represents the sensing key, "Sensing" represents the indicator of the sensing service, sensing service ID is the ID of the sensing service, UE ID is the identifier of the first terminal, and gNB ID is the identifier of the access network device; except for the second key K AMF , the remaining parameters are optional.

[0080] The second key is K SEAF For example, on the first terminal and the core network device (AUSF) side, the following formula can be used to calculate the perception key: Ksf = KDF (K SEAF , “Sensing”, sensing service ID, UE ID, gNB ID, Nonce1), the meaning of each parameter in the formula is the same as the previous example and is not repeated here. Except for the second key K SEAF , the remaining parameters are optional.

[0081] Furthermore, the second random number may be generated by a core network device. The identification of the perception service and / or the second random number on the first terminal side may be configurable.

[0082] Specifically, on the first terminal side, the method further includes: receiving first information, where the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the perception service and a second random number. The first terminal receiving the first information is within the scope of protection of this embodiment as long as it is before the first terminal demodulates a reflected signal of the downlink perception signal. For example, it may be before receiving the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal.

[0083] In one case, the first terminal receiving the first information may be: receiving the first information from the core network device. Accordingly, the processing on the core network device side also includes: receiving a perception service request from the SF, the perception service request carrying the identification of the perception service; generating a second random number; sending the first information to the first terminal, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: the identification of the perception service, the second random number. The first information may be carried by the second request sent by the core network device to the first terminal. The functions of the second request may include at least one of the following: for triggering the perception service, for configuring perception information, for configuring perception-related information, and for configuring perception security information.

[0084] It should be understood that in this case, the first terminal receives the first information from which core network device, which can also be used to determine the type of the second key used by the first terminal. For example, if the first terminal receives the first information from the AMF, it determines that the second key is K AMFFor example, the first terminal receives the first information from the AUSF, and determines that the second key is K SEAF For example, the first terminal receives the first information from AAnF and determines that the second key is K AKMA or K AF For example, the first terminal receives the first information from the NAF and determines that the second key is K sNAF .

[0085] In one case, the first terminal receiving the first information may be: receiving the first information from an access network device.

[0086] The processing of the core network device before calculating the perception key also includes: receiving a perception service request from the SF, and the perception service request carries the identification of the perception service. After calculating the perception key, the core network device also includes: sending second information to the access network device, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: the identification of the perception service, and a second random number. The second information can be carried by the aforementioned first request, that is, the first request can carry the perception key, the identification of the perception service, and the second random number. The sharing of the first request is consistent with the aforementioned embodiment. For example, the function of the first request may include at least one of the following: for triggering the perception service, for configuring perception information, for configuring perception-related information, and for configuring perception security information.

[0087] Accordingly, the processing of the access network device may include: receiving the second information from the core network device. Further, the processing of the access network device after receiving the second information may include: sending the first information to the one or more nodes, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the perception service, a second random number. This embodiment only includes one node, namely the first terminal. The first information sent by the access network device may be carried by a third request sent by the access network device to the first terminal, and the function of the third request may include at least one of the following: for triggering the perception service, for configuring perception information, for configuring perception-related information, and for configuring perception security information.

[0088] It should be understood that in this case, the type of the second key used by the first terminal may be a default or protocol-specified type. Alternatively, when the access network device sends a third request to the first terminal, the third request includes an identifier of the core network device (e.g., at least one of an ID, name, and number). Accordingly, the first terminal may determine the type of the second key based on the identifier of the core network device.

[0089] In one embodiment, in a downlink sensing scenario of single transmission and single reception, the first terminal may be the only node that measures the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal, and the sensing key is calculated by the first terminal and the access network device respectively.

[0090] On the first terminal side, the perception key is calculated based on a first shared key, where the first shared key is a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device. On the access network device side, the perception key is calculated based on a second shared key, where the second shared key is a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device.

[0091] That is, in this embodiment, the first shared key of the first terminal and the second shared key of the access network device are essentially the same, both being the first shared key between the first terminal and the access network device. Therefore, in the following description of this embodiment, the first shared key and the second shared key are no longer distinguished, and the calculation of the perception key using the first key is described.

[0092] The first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device may include one of the following: an access layer key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, an access layer security base key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a next hop key (NH) shared by the first terminal and the access network device, and a physical layer key shared by the first terminal and the access network device.

[0093] The access stratum (AS) security basic key can be K gNB . Exemplarily, where K gNB It can be the initial K specified in the relevant protocol. gNB , or K NG-RAN Here, K NG-RAN It can also be expressed alternatively as K NG-RAN *, or, alternatively, the non-initial key K gNB This embodiment does not limit the derivation method of the access layer security basic key.

[0094] The access layer key may include at least one of the following: UP (User Plane, user plane) integrity protection (or verification) key K Upint , UP confidentiality key K UPenc , control plane integrity protection (or verification) key K RRCint , control plane confidentiality key K RRCenc This embodiment does not limit the derivation method of each access layer key.

[0095] The physical layer key can be generated based on the characteristics of the physical layer channel between the first terminal and the access network device. This embodiment does not limit the specific generation method of the physical layer key; illustratively, the physical layer key can be expressed as Kphy.

[0096] It should be understood that the above is only an exemplary description of the first key. In actual processing, the first key may also be a key generated or shared in other ways. All key types that may be used as the first key are not limited or enumerated here.

[0097] Optionally, the first key used by the first terminal and the access network device may be a default key between the two parties or a key specified in an agreement. For example, the first terminal and the access network device may default to K NG-RAN as the first key.

[0098] Optionally, the first terminal may determine the first key. The processing of the first terminal before demodulating the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal may further include: the first terminal sending an identifier of the first key to the access network device. The processing of the access network device before sending the downlink perception signal may further include: receiving the identifier of the first key from the first terminal; and determining the first key based on the identifier of the first key. For example, the identifier of the first key may be K Upint The identifier of K Upint as the first key.

[0099] Optionally, the access network device may determine the first key. The processing by the access network device before sending the downlink perception signal may further include: sending an identifier of the first key to the first terminal device. The processing by the first terminal may further include: receiving the identifier of the first key from the access network device, and determining the first key based on the identifier of the first key.

[0100] Before demodulating the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal, the first terminal may further calculate the perception key based on the first key. Correspondingly, before sending the downlink perception signal, the access network device may further calculate the perception key based on the first key.

[0101] The key algorithm used by the first terminal and the access network device to calculate the perception key may be a default one or a protocol-specified one. The description of the key algorithm is the same as that in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0102] Taking the first key as KgNB as an example, the first terminal and the access network device calculate the perception key based on the first key, which can be expressed by the following formula: Ksf=KDF(KgNB).

[0103] Optionally, the perception key is calculated based on the first key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, a second random number, an identifier of the first terminal, and an identifier of the perception service. The second random number may be expressed as Nonce1.

[0104] Still taking the first key as KgNB as an example, the first terminal and the access network device can use the following formula to calculate the perception key: The following formula can be used to calculate the perception key: Ksf = KDF (KgNB, "Sensing", sensing service ID, UE ID, gNB ID, Nonce1), the meanings of the remaining parameters in the formula are the same as those defined in the previous embodiment; except for the first key KgNB, the remaining parameters in the formula are optional parameters.

[0105] It should be understood that the above is only an exemplary description of the parameters used to calculate the perception key. In actual processing, other parameters may be added, such as an indicator of the perception service to indicate the execution of the perception service. All parameters that may be used to calculate the perception key are not enumerated here.

[0106] In this embodiment, the second random number is generated by the access network device. The identifier of the perception service on the first terminal side and / or the second random number can be configured by the access network device.

[0107] Specifically, before demodulating the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal on the first terminal side, the method further includes: receiving first information, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the perception service and a second random number. Specifically, receiving the first information can be: receiving the first information from an access network device.

[0108] Accordingly, before the access network device sends the downlink perception signal, the method further includes: sending first information to the one or more nodes, where the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the perception service, and a second random number. Specifically, sending the first information to the one or more nodes may include sending the first information to the first terminal. The first information sent by the access network device may be carried in a third request sent by the access network device to the first terminal.

[0109] In one embodiment, in a downlink perception scenario of single-transmission group reception, the perception key is calculated separately by each node in the first group and the access network device.

[0110] The first group is the group to which the first terminal belongs. Taking the first terminal as an example, on the multiple nodes side, the perception key is calculated based on a first shared key, where the first shared key is the group key corresponding to the first group to which the first terminal belongs. On the access network device side, the perception key is calculated based on a second shared key, where the second shared key is the group key corresponding to the first group.

[0111] That is, in this embodiment, the first shared key of each node and the second shared key of the access network device are essentially the same, both being the group key corresponding to the first group. Therefore, in the following description of this embodiment, the first shared key and the second shared key are no longer distinguished, and the process of calculating the perception key using the group key corresponding to the first group (or simply the group key) is described.

[0112] The manner in which each node in the first group obtains the group key may be obtained through negotiation with other nodes in the group in a specified manner, or may be pre-configured based on other manners, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0113] On the access network device side, the method for obtaining the group key corresponding to the first group can be pre-configured. For example, it can be reported by any node in the first group when the access network device interacts with the node; or the access network device can obtain the group key corresponding to the first group from the authentication device on the core network side; or it can be configured on the access network device in other ways.

[0114] This embodiment does not limit or exhaustively list the specific ways in which the access network device and each node in the first group obtain the group key. As long as the access network device and each node in the first group have the same group key, they are within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0115] Taking the group key corresponding to the first group as Kgroup as an example, each node and access network device in the first group calculates the perception key based on the group key, which can be expressed by the following formula: Ksf-g = KDF(Kgroup), where Ksf-g represents the perception key.

[0116] Optionally, the perception key is calculated based on the group key corresponding to the first group and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, a second random number, identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, and an identifier of the perception service.

[0117] The second random number can be expressed as Nonce1.

[0118] Still taking the group key corresponding to the first group as Kgroup as an example, each node and access network device in the first group calculates the sensing key using the following formula: The sensing key can be calculated using the following formula: Ksf_g = KDF(Kgroup, "Sensing", Nonce1, sensing service ID, gNB ID, gNB1 ID ... gNBx ID, UE1 ID ... UEy ID), where Ksf_g represents the sensing key, gNB ID represents the identifier of the access network device (i.e., the gNB that sends the downlink sensing signal in this embodiment), "gNB1 ID ... gNBx ID, UE1 ID ... UEy ID" represent the identifier of each of the multiple nodes that may be included in the first group, "gNB1 ID ... gNBn ID" are respectively the identifiers of the x access network device nodes in the first group (i.e., the x access network devices that receive and measure the reflected signals of the downlink sensing signal), where x is a positive integer; "UE1 ID ... UEm ID" are respectively the identifiers of the x access network device nodes in the first group (i.e., the x access network devices that receive and measure the reflected signals of the downlink sensing signal), where x is a positive integer; "ID" are identifiers of y terminal nodes in the first group (i.e., y terminals that receive and measure the reflected signals of the downlink perception signal), where UE1 can be the first terminal in the aforementioned embodiment, and y is a positive integer. The meanings of the remaining parameters in the formula are the same as those defined in the aforementioned embodiment. In the formula, except that the group key corresponding to the first group is Kgroup, the remaining parameters are optional parameters.

[0119] In the above formula, "gNB1 ID...gNBx ID, UE1 ID...UEy ID" is merely an example for the case where the first group contains x access network devices and y terminals. In some possible examples, if all nodes in the first group are UEs, the above formula can be modified to exclude gNB1-gNBx and include only the IDs of UE1-UEy, i.e., Ksf_g = KDF(Kgroup, "Sensing", Nonce1, sensing service ID, gNB ID, UE1 ID...UEy ID). In some possible examples, if all nodes in the first group are gNBs, the above formula can be modified to exclude the UE and include only the IDs of gNB1-gNBx, i.e., Ksf_g = KDF(Kgroup, "Sensing", Nonce1, sensing service ID, gNB ID, gNB1 ID...gNBx ID).

[0120] In this embodiment, the second random number is generated by the access network device. The identifier of the perceived service of each node in the first group and / or the second random number can be configured by the access network device.

[0121] Specifically, taking the first terminal on the first group side as an example, the method further includes: receiving first information, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the perception service, and a second random number. Specifically, receiving the first information can be: receiving the first information from an access network device.

[0122] Accordingly, before the access network device sends the downlink perception signal, the method further includes: sending first information to the one or more nodes, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the perception service, and a second random number. Specifically, sending the first information to the one or more nodes may include sending the first information to each of the multiple nodes in the first group. The first information sent by the access network device may be carried by a third request. In this embodiment, the third request may be a multicast message, a multicast message, a broadcast message, or a unicast message.

[0123] In some possible implementations, on the access network device side, the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception sequence, and the perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key.

[0124] The perception sequence may be a bit stream of a specified length.

[0125] The specified length may be a default or protocol-specified length.

[0126] Alternatively, the specified length may be determined based on the length of the downlink perception signal. The length of the downlink perception signal may be related to the number of subcarriers and / or the number of symbols corresponding to the downlink perception signal. The number of subcarriers and the number of symbols corresponding to the downlink perception signal may be default or protocol-specified, and this embodiment does not limit them.

[0127] The perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value, a first random number.

[0128] In one embodiment, on the access network device side, the perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key and the count value.

[0129] The algorithm used to calculate the perception sequence may be a default or protocol-specified algorithm, such as an encryption algorithm (or encryption / decryption algorithm) NEA, which may be at least one of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), SNOW 3G (Snow Third Generation, third-generation mobile communication snow), and ZUC (ZUChongzhi, Zu Chongzhi). Exemplarily, the algorithm used to calculate the perception sequence is one of the 128-bit AES algorithm, the 128-bit SNOW 3G algorithm, and the 128-bit ZUC algorithm. It should be understood that this is only an exemplary description of the algorithm used to calculate the perception sequence, and various possible algorithms are not limited or exhaustive.

[0130] The perception sequence may be obtained by performing one or more calculations based on the perception key and the count value.

[0131] Each calculation can generate a sequential bit stream (or simply a bit stream), and the final perception sequence can be obtained by concatenating the bit streams obtained by each calculation. The number of bits contained in the sequential bit stream obtained by executing a calculation can be related to the algorithm used to calculate the perception sequence. For example, when the algorithm used to calculate the perception sequence is one of the 128-bit AES algorithm, the 128-bit SNOW 3G algorithm, and the 128-bit ZUC algorithm, the number of bits contained in the sequential bit stream obtained by executing a calculation can be 128 bits (or 128 bits).

[0132] Furthermore, the aforementioned count value (COUNT) may include one or more count values. The one or more count values ​​may be used for anti-replay.

[0133] In the process of calculating the perception key, different count values ​​are used for different calculations. The count value used in the first calculation can be called the initial count value. The count values ​​used in subsequent calculations can be accumulated based on the count value used in the previous calculation. For example, when two calculations are performed in succession, the count value used in the latter calculation is the count value used in the previous calculation plus one.

[0134] The specific value of the initial count value may be 0 or other values, which are not limited here. For example, the specific value of the initial count value may be a default value, a value specified by a protocol, a value determined by an access network device, or a value determined by any one of one or more nodes.

[0135] For example, in a perception scenario between an access network device and a first terminal, the initial count value may be equal to a NAS count value (eg, the number of times the first terminal establishes a NAS connection), or may be equal to the number of times a perception service is executed, and so on.

[0136] For another example, if the initial count value is determined by the access network device, the processing before the access network device sends the downlink perception signal may further include: sending the initial count value to one or more nodes.

[0137] For another example, if the initial count value is determined by any one of one or more nodes.

[0138] For example, in a downlink sensing scenario where an access network device and a first terminal transmit and receive only one signal, the processing before the first terminal receives the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal may further include: sending the initial count value to the access network device.

[0139] For example, in a downlink sensing scenario with single-transmission group reception, taking the first terminal in the first group as an example, the first terminal may determine the initial count value and send it to the access network device. Furthermore, the initial count values ​​of other nodes in the first group other than the first terminal may be configured by the first terminal or by the access network device; for example, the other nodes other than the first terminal may receive the initial count value from the first terminal or from the access network device.

[0140] Regarding the specific number of calculations required to calculate the perceptual sequence, it may be related to the specified length of the perceptual sequence. That is, since it is ultimately necessary to generate a perceptual sequence that meets the requirements of the specified length of the perceptual sequence, the number of bits contained in the entire sequence bit stream that has been generated can be not less than the specified length of the perceptual sequence as a judgment condition for ending processing (or ending calculation).

[0141] Specifically, the perception sequence can be calculated based on the perception key, the count value and the length, and the length can refer to the specified length of the perception sequence. Taking any execution of the calculation process as the i-th calculation as an example, the process of calculating the perception sequence may include: calculating the i-th sequence bit stream based on the perception key and the i-th count value, and generating the perception sequence based on the i-th sequence bit stream currently obtained when the total number of bits contained in the i-th sequence bit stream currently obtained is not less than the specified length of the perception sequence, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Among them, the i-th sequence bit stream currently obtained refers to all the i-th sequence bit streams that have been generated currently. When i is equal to 1, the i-th count value can be the initial count value.

[0142] In addition, when the total number of bits included in the currently obtained i sequence bit streams is less than the specified length of the perceptual sequence, the method may further include: adding 1 to the i-th count value to obtain the i+1-th count value, calculating the i+1-th sequence bit stream based on the perceptual key and the i+1-th count value, and determining whether the total number of bits included in the currently obtained i+1 sequence bit streams is less than the specified length of the perceptual sequence. This process is repeated in this manner until the total number of bits included in all currently obtained sequence bit streams is not less than the specified length of the perceptual sequence, and generating the perceptual sequence based on all currently obtained sequence bit streams.

[0143] Generating the perceptual sequence based on the currently obtained i sequence bit streams may include: splicing all bits of all the currently obtained i sequence bit streams into the perceptual sequence. The splicing may be performed in the order of generation, which is not limited here.

[0144] To illustrate the process of calculating a perceptual sequence, the process may include: calculating a first sequence bit stream based on a perceptual key and an initial count value, and if the number of bits included in the first sequence bit stream is not less than a specified length of the perceptual sequence, using the first sequence bit stream as the perceptual sequence; if the number of bits included in the first sequence bit stream is less than the specified length of the perceptual sequence, incrementing the initial count value by one to obtain an updated count value; calculating a second sequence bit stream based on the perceptual key and the updated count value, and if the number of bits included in the first two sequence bit streams is not less than the specified length of the perceptual sequence, using the first two sequence bit streams as the perceptual sequence. Furthermore, the process may also include: if the number of bits included in the first two sequence bit streams is less than the specified length of the perceptual sequence, incrementing the count value by one again to obtain an updated count value, continuing to calculate the second sequence bit stream based on the perceptual key and the updated count value, and so on, until a perceptual sequence that meets the specified length requirement of the perceptual sequence is obtained.

[0145] Specifically, with reference to FIG5 for exemplary explanation, the calculation process of the perception sequence may include: using the count value COUNT (32 bits, starting from 0) in the 5GS key update system and the perception key Ksf to pass through the NEA module to output a set of seq_sensing sequence bit streams. If the currently output sequence bit stream does not reach the specified length (succinctly indicated as "length" in FIG5 ), COUNT is increased by one, and based on the COUNT and Ksf, after being calculated again by the NEA module, a set of sequence bit streams (seq_sensing) is output again. And so on, until a sequence bit stream reaching the specified length is obtained, all sequence bit streams are combined as a perception sequence. Here, the number of groups or the number of calculations of the seq_sensing sequence bit stream can be determined according to the length of the downlink perception signal (such as PRS). In addition, when COUNT reaches the maximum value, it can be flipped to 0.

[0146] Optionally, before COUNT flips to 0, the corresponding perception key Ksf can also be updated to ensure that the seq_sensing sequence bit stream output each time is different. Among them, the method of updating the perception key is similar to the process of calculating the perception key in the aforementioned embodiment, and the only difference is that when updating the perception key, the generation parameters corresponding to the perception key may be updated, such as updating the second random number. The device for updating the second random number is the same as the device for generating the second random number in the aforementioned embodiment, and the method for configuring or sending the updated second random number is also similar to the method for configuring or sending the second random number in the aforementioned embodiment. For example, if the perception key is calculated separately by the first terminal (or multiple nodes in the first group) and the access network device, the access network device may generate a new second random number and send it to the first terminal (or to multiple nodes in the first group); if the perception key is calculated separately by the first terminal and the core network device, the core network device may generate a new second random number and send it (via the access network device) to the first terminal, and no further explanation will be given here.

[0147] It should be understood that the above is only an exemplary explanation using the perception key represented as Ksf as an example. In the scenario where the receiving side is the first group, Ksf shown in Figure 5 can also be replaced by Ksf_g. The specific calculation method is the same as the corresponding example in Figure 5, so it will not be repeated.

[0148] Optionally, in addition to using at least one of the aforementioned perception key, count value, and length, the following parameters may be further added during the process of calculating the perception sequence: at least one of a bearer ID (identifier) ​​and a direction identifier. The bearer ID may also be represented as BEARER. The direction identifier (which may be represented as a direction flag or DIRECTION) is used to identify uplink or downlink.

[0149] In one embodiment, on the access network device side, the perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key and a first random number.

[0150] Specifically, the algorithm of the sensing sequence may use a hash algorithm (i.e., a hash function). That is, the method of calculating the sensing sequence may include: using a hash function to calculate the sensing key and the first random number to obtain a hash sequence, and using the hash sequence as the sensing sequence. For example, the calculation of the sensing sequence may be expressed by the following formula: seq_sensing = H Ksf (Nonce2), or it can also be expressed as seq_sensing = Hash(Ksf, Nonce2), where Hash() or H() can represent a hash function, Ksf is the sensing key, and Nonce2 is the first random number. The hash function used by this hash algorithm can be configured according to actual conditions, for example, the hash function can be SHA-1 or SHA-256, etc. Hash functions are not limited or exhaustive here.

[0151] In this embodiment, the processing performed by the access network device before sending the downlink perception signal may further include: sending the first random number to the one or more nodes, where the first random number is generated by the access network device. In a downlink perception scenario with single transmission and single reception, the one or more nodes may include only the first terminal; in a downlink perception scenario with single transmission and group reception, the one or more nodes may include multiple nodes in the first group.

[0152] The access network device may determine the method for generating the first random number based on actual circumstances. For example, the first random number may be generated by the access network device using a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), or may be generated based on other methods. This does not limit or exhaustively list all possible methods for generating the first random number.

[0153] In some embodiments, on the access network device side, the downlink perception signal is generated based on the perception sequence.

[0154] The specific method for the access network device to generate the downlink perception signal may include: extracting K bits from the perception sequence for the mth time, modulating the K bits based on a specified modulation method, and obtaining an mth modulation symbol; mapping the mth modulation symbol to the mth downlink perception signal resource in a mapping order until all downlink perception signal resources are mapped.

[0155] Wherein, m is a positive integer, and K can be an integer greater than or equal to 2. The value of K is related to the specified modulation mode.

[0156] Extracting K bits from the perception sequence for the mth time may refer to: determining a starting position of the mth extraction operation based on a specified extraction order and / or an end position of the K bits extracted for the m-1th time; and extracting K bits from the perception sequence for the mth time based on the extraction position of the mth extraction operation.

[0157] The designated extraction order may be configured according to actual conditions, such as starting from the least significant bit of the first byte of the perception sequence. For example, based on the designated extraction order and / or the end position of the K bits extracted the m-1th time, determining the starting position of the mth extraction operation may include: when m is equal to 1, the starting position of the first extraction operation may be the least significant bit of the first byte of the perception sequence; when m is greater than 1, the starting position of the mth extraction operation may be the position of the first bit after the K bits extracted from the perception sequence last time.

[0158] The specified modulation mode may be configured according to actual conditions, for example, it may be Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK).

[0159] As described in the previous embodiment, the value of K is related to the specified modulation mode. When the specified modulation mode is QPSK, since each modulation requires 2 bits, K can be equal to 2. For example, the modulation symbol can also be interchangeably referred to as any one of QPSK symbol, QPSK modulation symbol, etc. Taking the specified modulation mode as QPSK modulation and K equal to 2 as an example, based on QPSK modulation of 2 bits, the mth modulation symbol can be expressed using the following formula: Wherein, c(2m) and c(2m+1) are specific values ​​of 2 bits respectively, and r(m) represents the mth modulation symbol.

[0160] Downlink perception signal resources may include time domain resources and frequency domain resources. The mapping order may be configured according to actual conditions. Preferably, the mapping order may be from early to late (or from early to late) in the time domain and from low to high in the frequency domain. For example, mapping the mth modulation symbol to the mth downlink perception signal resource according to the mapping order may be: starting from the first subcarrier of the first symbol of the first resource (frequency from low to high), mapping the mth modulation symbol to the corresponding time-frequency grid point (i.e., the mth downlink perception signal resource) in sequence.

[0161] After the mapping of the modulation symbols is completed through the above processing, the downlink perception signal resources are generated. Furthermore, a downlink perception signal resource set can be generated from the downlink perception signal resources according to the auxiliary data of the downlink perception signal.

[0162] In conjunction with Figure 6, the downlink perception signal is taken as an example of PRS for exemplary explanation: take 128 bits (serial bit stream) generated by the NEA algorithm (for example, AES128) once, that is, 16 bytes, and take 2 bits in sequence starting from the low bit of Octet0 (byte 0, that is, the first byte): B0, B1; B2, B3; B4, B5; B6, B7 respectively generate QPSK symbols, and map the QPSK symbols to the first subcarrier of the first symbol of the first resource of PRS in sequence. The first subcarrier is the first, the second subcarrier is the second, and the third subcarrier are the third. Starting from Octet1 (the second byte), two bits are taken from the lowest order: B0, B1; B2, B3; B4, B5; B6, B7 to generate QPSK symbols. The QPSK symbols are then mapped to the fourth, fifth, and sixth subcarriers of the first symbol of the first PRS resource. This continues until all subcarriers of the first symbol of the PRS are mapped. All subcarriers of the second symbol are mapped, and so on, until the entire PRS resource is mapped.

[0163] In some possible implementations, in a single-transmit, single-receive downlink perception scenario, the processing of the first terminal also includes: calculating a perception sequence based on the perception key; obtaining first perception data based on the perception sequence and a reflected signal of the downlink perception signal; and reporting the first perception data.

[0164] In the downlink perception scenario of single-transmission group reception, the processing of each node in the first group is the same as that of the first terminal. Therefore, taking the first terminal as an example, the processing after the first terminal receives the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal also includes: obtaining the first perception data based on the perception sequence and the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal, wherein the perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key.

[0165] Whether in a downlink perception scenario of single transmission and single reception or in a downlink perception scenario of single transmission and group reception, the relevant processing of the first perception data obtained by the node on the receiving side is the same as that of the first terminal. Therefore, in the following embodiments, the processing of the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal by the first terminal is described in detail, and the processing of the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal by each node in the downlink perception scenario of single transmission and group reception is no longer described one by one.

[0166] The processing of calculating the perception sequence based on the perception key can be after the first terminal receives the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal, or can be before the first terminal receives the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal. There is no limitation here. As long as the first terminal completes the calculation of the perception sequence before demodulating the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal, it is within the scope of protection of this application.

[0167] The processing of obtaining the first perception data based on the perception sequence and the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal and the processing of reporting the first perception data are both performed after receiving the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal.

[0168] The calculating of the perception sequence based on the perception key includes: calculating the perception sequence based on the perception key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value and a first random number.

[0169] Optionally, the perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key and a count value.

[0170] On the first terminal side, the perception sequence is also obtained by performing one or more calculations based on the perception key and the count value. The algorithm used to calculate the perception sequence is the same as that used by the access network device, and the descriptions of the count value, initial count value, etc. are the same as those used for the access network device, so they are not repeated here.

[0171] Optionally, the perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key and a first random number.

[0172] On the first terminal side, the algorithm of the perception sequence may use a hash algorithm (ie, a hash function), and as long as it is the same as the hash function used by the access network device, it is within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0173] In this embodiment, the processing by the first terminal may further include: receiving the first random number from the access network device. The first terminal receiving the first random number from the access network device is within the scope of protection of this embodiment as long as it occurs before calculating the sensing sequence, and the timing of this processing is not limited herein.

[0174] It should be pointed out that the specific method used by the first terminal (or each node in the first group) and the access network device to calculate the perception sequence can be default or specified by the protocol. For example, the perception key and count value can be used to calculate the perception sequence by default, or the perception key and the first random number can be used to calculate the perception sequence based on the protocol regulations, etc.

[0175] Alternatively, the specific method used by the first terminal (or each node in the first group) to calculate the perception sequence may be indicated by the access network device, such as the processing of the first terminal, and may also include: receiving information from the access network device for indicating the method of calculating the perception sequence, such as the information may indicate the use of a perception key and a count value to calculate the perception sequence, or indicate the use of a perception key and a first random number to calculate the perception sequence.

[0176] Alternatively, the first terminal (or any node in the first group, still taking the first terminal as an example) may determine which method to use to calculate the perception sequence, and may send information indicating the method for calculating the perception sequence to the access network device before receiving the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal. In this case, in a downlink perception scenario with single-transmission group reception, the remaining nodes may receive the information indicating the method for calculating the perception sequence from the first terminal or the access network device before receiving the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal.

[0177] Obtaining the first perception data based on the perception sequence and the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal may include: calculating a modulation symbol based on the perception sequence, calculating a reference signal based on the modulation symbol; and obtaining the first perception data based on the reference signal and the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal.

[0178] Calculating the modulation symbol based on the perception sequence and calculating the reference signal based on the modulation symbol may include: extracting K bits from the perception sequence for the mth time, modulating the K bits based on a specified modulation method, and obtaining the mth modulation symbol; mapping the mth modulation symbol to the mth downlink perception signal resource in a mapping order until all downlink perception signal resources are mapped, thereby obtaining a reference signal for demodulating the reflected signal.

[0179] Wherein, m is a positive integer, and K can be an integer greater than or equal to 2. The value of K is related to the specified modulation mode.

[0180] The descriptions of the m-th extraction of K bits from the sensing sequence, the specification of the modulation scheme, the specific modulation calculation method, and the mapping order are identical to those for the access network device and are therefore not repeated here. Because the reference signal is calculated using the same sensing sequence and calculation method as the access network device, the reference signal should theoretically be identical to the downlink sensing signal sent by the access network device.

[0181] Obtaining the first perception data based on the reference signal and the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal may include calculating a first channel estimation value based on the reference signal corresponding to the first resource and the reflected signal of the downlink perception signal received on the first resource; and obtaining the first perception data based on the first channel estimation value. Relevant parameters in the first channel estimation value include at least one of the following: amplitude, frequency, and phase.

[0182] Calculating the first perception data based on the channel estimation value may refer to calculating the first perception data using one or more algorithms according to different perception requirements (such as different perception types and / or different perception services, etc.) and / or a default method. This embodiment does not limit the various possible algorithms.

[0183] The first resource may include a first time domain resource and a first frequency domain resource. The first time domain resource may be any one of a specified moment, a period of time, or a time domain range where a specified moment t is located, etc.; the first frequency domain resource may be any one of a specified subcarrier, or a subcarrier on a specified frequency f, etc. For example, assuming that the first resource is a subcarrier at moment t and frequency f, the downlink perception signal transmitted by the access network device on the first resource is expressed as: x(t,f); the reflected signal obtained after the downlink perception signal passes through the perception target is expressed as: y(t,f). Since the first terminal side calculates the reference signal based on the same perception sequence and the same calculation method as the access network device, theoretically the reference signal on the first resource should be the same as the downlink perception signal transmitted by the access network device on the first resource, so the reference signal on the first resource is also expressed as: x(t,f); on the first resource, that is, at moment t and on the subcarrier with a frequency f, the first terminal can calculate the CSI as Here, H() represents the first channel estimate, which can be included in the CSI. For example, CSI amplitude can be used to estimate respiratory rate, while CSI phase can be used to estimate respiratory rate; CSI Doppler information can be used to infer indoor human motion trajectories; CSI dynamic phase changes can be used for gesture recognition; and human behavior detection can be performed by combining CSI amplitude and phase.

[0184] The first terminal reporting the first perception data may include one of the following: the first terminal reporting the first perception data to the core network device; the first terminal reporting the first perception data to the access network device.

[0185] Optionally, in a single-transmit and single-receive downlink perception scenario, the SF sends a perception service request to the core network device to trigger the perception service. In this case, the core network device can directly send a second request to the first terminal. Furthermore, the first terminal uses the second key shared with the core network device to calculate the perception key and perform subsequent processing. In this scenario, the terminal can directly report the perception data of the first terminal to the core network device. Accordingly, the processing of the core network device can also include: receiving the first perception data from the first terminal. After receiving the first perception data of the first terminal, the core network device can also report the first perception data of the first terminal and the identifier of the perception service to the SF.

[0186] Optionally, in a single-transmit, single-receive downlink perception scenario, the SF sends a perception service request to the core network device to trigger the perception service. In this case, the core network device may send a first request to the access network device, and the access network device may send a third request to the first terminal. If the first terminal receives the third request from the access network device, the first terminal reports the first perception data to the access network device.

[0187] Accordingly, the processing performed by the access network device after transmitting the downlink perception signal may include: receiving first perception data from the one or more nodes; and reporting the first perception data of the one or more nodes. In this example, only one node is included. Therefore, the processing performed by the access network device specifically includes: receiving first perception data from a first terminal, and reporting the first perception data of the first terminal to the core network device.

[0188] The processing of the core network device may include: receiving first perception data of the first terminal from the access network device. After receiving the first perception data of the first terminal, the core network device may also report the first perception data of the first terminal and the identification of the perception service to the SF.

[0189] Optionally, in a single-transmit, single-receive downlink perception scenario, the SF sends a perception service request to the access network device to trigger the perception service, and the access network device sends a third request to the first terminal. If the first terminal receives the third request from the access network device, the first terminal reports the first perception data to the access network device.

[0190] Accordingly, the processing of the access network device after sending the downlink perception signal may include: receiving first perception data from the one or more nodes; and reporting the first perception data of the one or more nodes. In this example, only one node is included. Therefore, the processing of the access network device specifically includes: receiving first perception data from a first terminal, and reporting the first perception data of the first terminal to the SF.

[0191] Optionally, in a downlink perception scenario of single-transmission group reception, each of the multiple nodes in the first group reports its own first perception data.

[0192] Taking the first terminal in the first group as an example, the first terminal can report the first perception data to the access network device. Accordingly, the processing after the access network device sends the downlink perception signal may include: receiving the first perception data from multiple nodes (such as multiple terminals) in the first group; and reporting the first perception data of the multiple nodes. In this scenario, the access network device can directly receive the perception service request from the SF, and therefore, the access network device can directly report the first perception data of the multiple nodes to the SF.

[0193] If the first group includes an access network device for perception, and the access network device for perception is triggered by SF to perform perception, the access network device for perception can directly report the first perception data to SF.

[0194] If the first group includes an access network device for perception, and the access network device for perception is triggered by the access network device (the access network device that initiates perception) to perform perception, the access network device for perception can report the first perception data to the access network device (the access network device that initiates perception).

[0195] In some possible implementations, the access network device may also receive and measure a reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal.

[0196] Exemplarily, after the access network device sends the downlink perception signal, the method further includes: receiving and measuring a reflected signal of the downlink perception signal to obtain second perception data; and reporting the second perception data.

[0197] Receiving and measuring a reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal to obtain the second sensing data may include: calculating a second channel estimation value based on the downlink sensing signal corresponding to the second resource and a reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal received on the second resource; and obtaining the second sensing data based on the second channel estimation value. Relevant parameters in the second channel estimation value include at least one of the following: amplitude, frequency, and phase.

[0198] The second resource may include a second time domain resource and a second frequency domain resource, and the second resource may be the same as or different from the first resource. The description of the second resource is similar to that of the first resource and is not repeated here. The calculation method of the second channel estimate value and the second perception data is similar to the calculation method of the first channel estimate value and the first perception data in the aforementioned embodiment and is not repeated here.

[0199] The access network device reporting the second perception data may be: the access network device reporting the second perception data to the core network device; correspondingly, the processing of the core network device also includes: receiving the second perception data from the access network device.

[0200] Alternatively, the access network device reporting the second perception data may be: the access network device reporting the second perception data to the SF.

[0201] Next, the communication method provided by this application is described in conjunction with various embodiments.

[0202] Example 1: In a non-roaming scenario, SF is in the Serving PLMN, and AMF is the perception anchor point function. It can be based on the K in the key architecture. AMF The key is combined with the specific scheme. In this embodiment, the NAS related key KAMF As the source of the perception key, the gNB (or perception service-related gNB) and the UE (or perception UE) use the same generation method to generate the same PRS signal. Specifically, with reference to Figure 7, the following steps are included:

[0203] S701: SF sends a request to trigger the perception service (referred to as perception service request) to AMF, carrying the ID of the perception service.

[0204] S702: The AMF generates a random number Nonce1 (i.e., the second random number in the aforementioned embodiment).

[0205] S703: AMF based on K AMF Generate the perception key Ksf. Here, the perception key Ksf can be calculated using the random number Nonce1. Since the specific processing method for calculating the perception key has been detailed in the above embodiment, it will not be repeated here.

[0206] S704: The AMF sends a request to trigger the perception service to the gNB related to the perception service, carrying the ID and Ksf of the perception service.

[0207] S705: The AMF sends a request to trigger the perception service to the perception UE, carrying the perception service ID and the random number Nonce1.

[0208] S706: The gNB generates a sensing sequence based on Ksf and modulates the PRS based on the sensing sequence. The sensing sequence may be composed of one or more sequence bit streams (seq_sensing). The specific generation method of the sensing sequence has been described in detail in the previous embodiment and is not repeated here. S706 and S705 may be performed in any order, for example, S706 may be performed before S705, or vice versa.

[0209] S707: UE based on K AMF Generate the perception key Ksf. The generation method is the same as AMF.

[0210] S708: The UE generates a sensing sequence based on Ksf. The sensing sequence generation method is the same as that of the gNB and is not described here.

[0211] S709: The gNB sends a PRS perception signal.

[0212] S710: The target reflected PRS sensing signal is sensed, and the UE and sensing gNB (optional, in a self-transmitting and self-receiving scenario) receive the reflected signal.

[0213] S711: The UE demodulates the reflected signal based on the sensing sequence. Specifically, the UE may generate a PRS' (also known as a reference signal) based on the sensing sequence and demodulate the reflected signal based on the PRS'. The method for generating PRS' is the same as that used by the gNB (initiating gNB) because the UE and gNB have the same seq_sensing. The specific demodulation method is the same as in the previous embodiment and is not further described.

[0214] S712: The UE returns the sensing data to the AMF, carrying the ID of the sensing service.

[0215] S713 (optional): The gNB may also demodulate the reflected signal based on the sensing sequence and return the sensing data (carrying the ID of the sensing service) to the AMF. The specific implementation process is similar to that of the UE and is not detailed here.

[0216] S714: AMF returns the perception data (carrying the ID of the perception service) to SF.

[0217] Optionally, in the above S704, the AMF sends a request to trigger the perception service to the gNB related to the perception service, which may carry the ID, Ksf, and random number Nonce1 of the perception service.

[0218] In this case, the AMF does not execute S705; instead, the gNB sends a request to trigger the awareness service to the UE, carrying the ID of the awareness service and the random number Nonce1. The timing when the gNB sends the request to trigger the awareness service to the UE is before S707 and is within the scope of protection of this embodiment.

[0219] Furthermore, in this case, S712 executed by the UE can be replaced by the UE returning the perception data to the gNB, and the gNB reports the UE's perception data in combination with the identification of the perception service to the AMF.

[0220] Optionally, the above steps S707 and S709 may be executed in any order, for example, S709 may be executed before S707, that is, S709 may be executed first, and the UE may execute S707 to S708 and use Ksf to generate a perception sequence (including one or more seq_sensing) after receiving the reflected perception signal.

[0221] Example 2: In the roaming scenario, the SF is in the HPLMN, and the AUSF is the perception anchor function. It can be combined based on the Kseaf key stored in the AUSF. In this embodiment, the messages between the AUSF and the UE, and the messages between the AUSF and the gNB can be forwarded through the AMF. The AMF only forwards the message, so it is not illustrated in the example. Specifically, with reference to Figure 8:

[0222] S801: SF sends a request to trigger the perception service to AUSF, carrying the ID of the perception service.

[0223] S802: AUSF generates a random number Nonce1.

[0224] S803: AUSF generates a perception key Ksf based on Kseaf. The perception key Ksf can be calculated using a random number Nonce1. Since the specific processing method for calculating the perception key has been detailed in the above embodiment, it will not be repeated here.

[0225] S804: The AUSF sends a request to trigger the sensing service to the gNB related to the sensing service, carrying the ID and Ksf of the sensing service.

[0226] S805: The AUSF sends a request to trigger the perception service to the perception UE, carrying the perception service ID and the random number Nonce1.

[0227] S806 is the same as the processing of S706 in the above embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail. Here, S806 and S805 may be performed in any order, for example, S806 may be performed first and then S805, or vice versa.

[0228] S807: The UE generates a perception key Ksf based on Kseaf, and the generation method is consistent with AUSF.

[0229] S808 to S811 are the same as S708 to S711 in the aforementioned first embodiment, and are not described again.

[0230] S812: The UE sends the sensing data to the AUSF, carrying the ID of the sensing service.

[0231] S813 (optional): The gNB may also demodulate the reflected signal based on the sensing sequence and return the sensing data to the AUSF (carrying the ID of the sensing service). The specific implementation process is similar to that of the UE and is not detailed here.

[0232] S814: AUSF returns the sensing data (carrying the ID of the sensing service) to SF.

[0233] Optionally, in the above S804, the AUSF sends a request to trigger the perception service to the gNB related to the perception service, which may carry the ID, Ksf, and random number Nonce1 of the perception service.

[0234] In this case, the AUSF does not execute S805; instead, the gNB sends a request to trigger the perception service to the UE, carrying the ID of the perception service and the random number Nonce1. The timing when the gNB sends the request to trigger the perception service to the UE is before S807 and is within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0235] Furthermore, in this case, S812 executed by the UE can be replaced by the UE returning the perception data to the gNB, and the gNB reports the UE's perception data in combination with the identification of the perception service to the AUSF.

[0236] Optionally, the above steps S807 and S809 may be executed in any order, for example, S809 may be executed before S807, that is, S809 may be executed first, and the UE may execute S807 to S808 and use Ksf to generate a perception sequence (including one or more seq_sensing) after receiving the reflected perception signal.

[0237] It should be noted that the first and second embodiments are only exemplary. In actual processing, the AMF or AUSF in the first or second embodiment can also be replaced by other core network devices, such as AKMA, GBA server, etc.; accordingly, the key used to calculate the perception key in the first or second embodiment is replaced by K AKMA , K AF , K sNAF And so on, I will not repeat them here.

[0238] In a non-roaming scenario, the PDCP / UPF serves as the anchor point for the perception service. The specific solution for calculating the perception key Ksf based on the KeNB (or KgNB) key shared by the gNB and the UE is shown in FIG9 , including:

[0239] S901: The SF sends a request to trigger the sensing service to the gNB related to the sensing service, carrying the ID of the sensing service. Messages between the gNB and the SF may be forwarded by the UPF / AMF, which performs the forwarding function. Therefore, the AMF / UPF is not shown in Figure 9.

[0240] S902: The gNB generates a random number Nonce1.

[0241] S903: The gNB sends a request to the UE to trigger the sensing service, carrying the sensing service ID and the random number Nonce1. Optionally, this message can also be sent before sending the sensing signal PRS (e.g., at any time before step S907).

[0242] S904: The gNB generates a perception key Ksf based on KgNB. The random number Nonce1 can be used to calculate Ksf. The specific calculation method is the same as in the previous embodiment and is not repeated here.

[0243] S905: The gNB generates a sensing sequence based on Ksf and modulates the PRS based on the sensing sequence. The sensing sequence may be composed of one or more sequence bit streams (seq_sensing). The specific generation method of the sensing sequence has been detailed in the previous embodiment and is not repeated here.

[0244] S906: After receiving the previous message, the UE generates a perception key Ksf based on the KgNB. The UE generates the perception key Ksf in the same manner as the gNB.

[0245] S907: The UE generates a sensing sequence based on Ksf. The sensing sequence generation method is the same as that of the gNB and is not described here. The UE and gNB have the same sensing sequence (including one or more seq_sensing bitstreams).

[0246] Optionally, the UE may also generate a sensing sequence based on Ksf after receiving the reflected signal.

[0247] S908 to S910 are the same as S709 to S711 of the first embodiment, and are not described repeatedly.

[0248] S911: The UE returns the sensing data to the gNB, carrying the ID of the sensing service.

[0249] S912: (Optional) After receiving the reflection sensing signal, the gNB uses seq_sensing to demodulate the reflection signal (optional, self-transmitting and self-receiving scenario).

[0250] S913: The gNB returns the sensing data to the SF, including the sensing service ID. Messages between the gNB and SF may be forwarded by the UPF, which performs forwarding functions. The UPF may also process the sensing data locally.

[0251] In a fourth embodiment, a group scenario in non-roaming scenarios involves the PDCP / UPF functioning as an anchor point for sensing services, combined with a specific solution using the Kgroup key. This group scenario involves one or more UEs and / or one or more gNBs receiving reflected sensing signals (hence, the group is referred to as a receiving group). Both modulation and demodulation of the sensing signals are based on the group key. The same group key (which can also be combined with other parameters such as the sensing service ID) can be used to generate the same sequence. The receiving group (i.e., the first group) illustrated in Figure 10 can include: UE, sensing gNB2, ..., sensing gNBn (illustrated simply as gNB2...n in Figure 10). gNB2...n can also be sensing UE2...n. Figure 10 does not limit the types of devices that can be included in the group. Specifically, as shown in Figure 10, it can include:

[0252] S1001: The SF sends a request to trigger the sensing service, carrying the sensing service ID, to the gNBs related to the sensing service (which may include the initiating gNB used to send downlink sensing signals and sensing gNB2, ..., gNBn in the receiving group). Messages between the gNB and the SF may be forwarded by the UPF / AMF, which performs the forwarding function.

[0253] S1002: The gNB (initiating gNB) generates a random number Nonce1.

[0254] S1003: The gNB (initiating gNB) sends a request to trigger the sensing service to the UE, carrying the sensing service ID and random number Nonce1. It should be understood that the gNB (initiating gNB) may also send a message carrying the sensing service ID and random number Nonce1 to sensing gNB2, ..., and sensing gNBn in the receiving group, but this is not shown in Figure 10 for simplicity.

[0255] Optionally, the above-mentioned request to trigger the perception service to the UE and the message carrying the ID of the perception service and the random number Nonce1 to the perception gNB2, ..., and perception gNBn in the receiving group can also be sent before the gNB sends the perception signal.

[0256] S1004: The gNB (initiating gNB) generates a sensing key Ksf_g (also called a group sensing key) based on the group key Kgroup. For example, Ksf_g = KDF(Kgroup, "Sensing", Nonce, sensing service ID, UE ID, gNB ID, gNB2...n ID or UE2...n ID), where all parameters except Kgroup are optional. Kgroup is a group key shared between the sensing-related gNB and UE using other techniques, such as the group key sharing method described in 3GPP TS 33.836 for existing V2X technology.

[0257] S1005: The gNB (initiating gNB) generates a sensing sequence (including one or more seq_sensing bitstreams) based on Ksf_g. The specific generation method is the same as in the previous embodiment and is not repeated here.

[0258] S1006-1: After receiving the previous message, the UE generates Ksf_g based on the Kgroup. The specific method for generating Ksf_g is the same as that of the gNB (initiating gNB).

[0259] S1007-1: The UE generates a perception sequence based on Ksf_g.

[0260] S1006-2: Each sensing gNB generates Ksf_g based on Kgroup. The specific method for generating Ksf_g is the same as that of the initiating gNB.

[0261] S1007-2: Each sensing gNB generates a sensing sequence based on Ksf_g.

[0262] Optionally, S1006 - 1 and S1007 - 1 may be executed at any time before S1011 .

[0263] Optionally, S1006-2 and S1007-2 may be executed at any time before S1011. For example, as shown in FIG10 , S1006-2 is executed before sending the PRS (S1009), and S1007-2 is executed after S1010, ie, after receiving the reflected signal.

[0264] S1008: The gNB (initiating gNB) generates a PRS based on the sensing sequence. For example, according to a certain rule, two bits are sequentially taken from the sensing sequence and QPSK modulated to generate a PRS (or PRS symbol). The specific generation method is the same as in the previous embodiment and is not further described.

[0265] S1009: The gNB (initiating gNB) sends a PRS perception signal.

[0266] S1010: Target reflection sensing signals are sensed. The UE and multiple sensing gNBs (or multiple sensing UEs) in the receiving group receive the reflected signals. Self-transmission and self-reception are optional.

[0267] S1011: The UE and multiple sensing gNBs in the group demodulate the reflected signal based on the sensing sequence. The specific processing method is the same as that in the previous embodiment and is not repeated here.

[0268] S1012: Multiple UEs in the group return sensing data to the gNB (initiating gNB), carrying the ID of the sensing service.

[0269] S1013: Multiple sensing gNBs in the group return sensing data to the SF, including the sensing service ID. If the sensing service is triggered by the initiating gNB to the receiving gNB, the receiving gNB can also return sensing data to the initiating gNB. Messages between the sensing gNB and the SF can be forwarded by the UPF / AMF. The UPF / AMF can either forward the sensing data or process it locally.

[0270] S1014: The initiating gNB returns the sensing data to the SF, including the sensing service ID. Messages between the initiating gNB and the SF can be forwarded by the UPF / AMF. The UPF / AMF can either forward the data or process the sensing data locally.

[0271] Optionally, after executing S1010, the initiating gNB may also demodulate the reflected signal based on the sensing sequence. The specific processing method is the same as that in the previous embodiment and is not further described. In this case, in S1014, the sensing data sent by the initiating gNB to the SF may also include the sensing data obtained by its own measurement.

[0272] By adopting the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, a downlink sensing signal is generated using a sensing key shared only by the receiving end and the access network device. This allows only the receiving end that shares the sensing key with the access network device to correctly receive and measure the downlink sensing signal, improving the security of the downlink sensing signal itself and ensuring the security of the sensing scenario.

[0273] Furthermore, the above-mentioned solution, based on the PRS signal newly proposed by 3GPP in Release 16, designs a method to improve the security of the PRS signal itself, ensuring the security of the PRS signal during transmission. Analysis shows that the possibility space of existing PRS signals is approximately 293, which does not meet the confidentiality requirements of AES128. During transmission, attackers can detect the PRS signal through blind detection. The solution provided in this application proposes a method to enhance PRS confidentiality by changing the generation method of the PRS signal. This method can improve the confidentiality performance of the PRS itself to that of AES128, making it difficult for eavesdroppers to blindly detect the PRS signal at the physical layer. Specifically, the solution provided in this application defines a new perception key, which is based on the existing 3GPP AKA key architecture. This strengthens the security of the perception key and eliminates the need for separate key generation, making it simple and secure. The perception sequence is generated based on the perception key. By changing the generation method of the perception sequence corresponding to the perception signal, the perception signal not only has better autocorrelation but also expands the key space of the PRS signal, greatly improving the security of the PRS signal.

[0274] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first terminal according to an embodiment of the present application, including:

[0275] The first communication unit 1101 is configured to receive a reflected signal of a downlink perception signal, where the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the first terminal and an access network device.

[0276] As shown in FIG11 , the first terminal further includes:

[0277] The first processing unit 1102 is configured to calculate a sensing sequence based on the sensing key; and obtain first sensing data based on the sensing sequence and a reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal.

[0278] The first communication unit is used to report the first perception data.

[0279] The first processing unit 1102 is configured to calculate the perception sequence based on the perception key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value and a first random number.

[0280] The first communication unit is configured to receive the first random number from the access network device.

[0281] The perception key is calculated based on a first shared key, wherein the first shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device, and a group key corresponding to the first group to which the first terminal belongs.

[0282] The perception key is calculated based on the first shared key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, an identifier of the first terminal, identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, a second random number, and an identifier of the perception service.

[0283] The first communication unit is used to receive first information, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of the perception service.

[0284] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an access network device according to an embodiment of the present application, including:

[0285] The second communication unit 1201 is configured to send a downlink perception signal, where the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the access network device and one or more nodes.

[0286] The downlink sensing signal is generated based on a sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence is calculated based on the sensing key.

[0287] The perception sequence is calculated based on the perception key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value, a first random number.

[0288] The second communication unit is configured to send the first random number to the one or more nodes, where the first random number is generated by the access network device.

[0289] The second communication unit is used to receive the perception key from the core network device.

[0290] The perception key is shared by a first terminal and the access network device, and the first terminal is one of the one or more nodes.

[0291] The perception key is calculated based on a second shared key, where the second shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, and a group key corresponding to a first group, where the first group includes the first terminal.

[0292] The perception key is calculated based on the second shared key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, an identifier of the first terminal, identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, a second random number, and an identifier of the perception service.

[0293] The second communication unit is used to receive second information from the core network device, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of the perception service.

[0294] The second random number is generated by the access network device.

[0295] The second communication unit is used to send first information to the one or more nodes, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of the perception service.

[0296] The second communication unit is configured to receive and measure a reflected signal of the downlink perception signal to obtain second perception data; and report the second perception data.

[0297] The second communication unit is configured to receive the first perception data from the one or more nodes; and report the first perception data of the one or more nodes.

[0298] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a core network device according to an embodiment of the present application, including:

[0299] The third communication unit 1301 is configured to send a perception key to an access network device, where the perception key is used by the access network device to generate a downlink perception signal.

[0300] The perception key is calculated based on a second key shared by the first terminal and the core network device.

[0301] The perception key is calculated based on the second key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, an identifier of the first terminal, a second random number, and an identifier of the perception service.

[0302] The third communication unit is used to send second information to the access network device, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of the perception service.

[0303] The third communication unit is used to send first information to the first terminal, where the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the perception service and a second random number.

[0304] The third communication unit is configured to receive first perception data from the first terminal.

[0305] The third communication unit is configured to perform at least one of the following: receiving second perception data from the access network device; and receiving first perception data from the first terminal of the access network device.

[0306] The device of the embodiment of the present application can realize the corresponding functions of each device in the aforementioned communication method embodiment. The processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects corresponding to each module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the device can be found in the corresponding description in the above-mentioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described by each module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the device of the embodiment of the application can be implemented by different modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0307] Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1400 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1400 includes a processor 1410, which can call and execute a computer program from a memory to enable the communication device 1400 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0308] In one possible implementation, the communication device 1400 may further include a memory 1420. The processor 1410 may call and run a computer program from the memory 1420 so that the communication device 1400 implements the method in the embodiment of the present application. The memory 1420 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1410, or may be integrated into the processor 1410. In one possible implementation, the communication device 1400 may further include a transceiver 1430, and the processor 1410 may control the transceiver 1430 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, the transceiver 1430 may send information or data to other devices, or receive information or data sent by other devices. The transceiver 1430 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1430 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0309] An embodiment of the present application provides a first terminal, including: a processor, and a memory communicating with the processor, the memory being used to store instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the instructions cause the first terminal to execute: receiving a reflected signal of a downlink perception signal, wherein the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the first terminal and an access network device.

[0310] An embodiment of the present application provides an access network device, comprising: a processor, a memory communicating with the processor, the memory being used to store instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the instructions cause the access network device to execute: sending a downlink perception signal, wherein the downlink perception signal is generated based on a perception key shared by the access network device and one or more nodes.

[0311] An embodiment of the present application provides a core network device, comprising: a processor, a memory communicating with the processor, the memory being used to store instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the instructions cause the core network device to execute: sending a perception key to an access network device, wherein the perception key is used by the access network device to generate a downlink perception signal.

[0312] Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 1500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The chip 1500 includes a processor 1510, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application. In one possible implementation, the chip 1500 may also include a memory 1520. The processor 1510 can call and run a computer program from the memory 1520 to implement the method performed by each device in the embodiment of the present application. The memory 1520 can be a separate device independent of the processor 1510, or it can be integrated into the processor 1510. In one possible implementation, the chip 1500 may also include an input interface 1530. The processor 1510 can control the input interface 1530 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips. In one possible implementation, the chip 1500 may also include an output interface 1540. Among them, the processor 1510 can control the output interface 1540 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, it can output information or data to other devices or chips. In one possible implementation, the chip can be applied to each device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by each device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it is not repeated here. It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0313] The processor mentioned above may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an off-the-shelf programmable gate array, an application-specific integrated circuit, or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, etc. The general-purpose processor mentioned above may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The memory mentioned above may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories.

[0314] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memory is exemplary but not restrictive. For example, the memory in the embodiment of the present application may also be a static random access memory, a dynamic random access memory, etc.

[0315] Figure 16 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 1600 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication system 1600 includes a first terminal 1610, an access network device 1620, and a core network device 1630. In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a hard disk) or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid-state drive).

[0316] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0317] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0318] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method performed by a first terminal, comprising: Receiving a reflected signal of a downlink sensing signal, where the downlink sensing signal is generated based on a sensing key shared by the first terminal and an access network device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method further comprises: Calculating a sensing sequence based on the sensing key; Obtaining first sensing data based on the sensing sequence and the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal; Reporting the first sensing data.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The calculating the sensing sequence based on the sensing key comprises: Calculating the sensing sequence based on the sensing key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value, a first random number.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The method further comprises: Receiving the first random number from the access network device.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on a first shared key, where the first shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a second key shared by the first terminal and a core network device, a group key corresponding to a first group where the first terminal is located.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on the first shared key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, an identifier of the first terminal, identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, a second random number, an identifier of a sensing service.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The method further comprises: Receiving first information, where the first information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of a sensing service.

8. A communication method performed by an access network device, comprising: Sending a downlink sensing signal, where the downlink sensing signal is generated based on a sensing key shared by the access network device and one or more nodes.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The downlink sensing signal is generated based on a sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence is calculated based on the sensing key.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The sensing sequence is calculated based on the sensing key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value, a first random number.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein The method further comprises: Sending the first random number to the one or more nodes, where the first random number is generated by the access network device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein, The method further comprises: Receiving the sensing key from a core network device.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The sensing key is shared by a first terminal and the access network device, and the first terminal is one of the one or more nodes.

14. The method according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on a second shared key, where the second shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a group key corresponding to a first group including the first terminal.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on the second shared key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, an identifier of the first terminal, identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, a second random number, an identifier of a sensing service.

16. The method according to any one of claims 8-15, wherein, The method further comprises: Receiving second information from a core network device, where the second information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of a sensing service.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The second random number is generated by the access network device.

18. The method according to any one of claims 8-17, wherein, The method further comprises: Sending first information to the one or more nodes, where the first information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of a sensing service.

19. The method according to any one of claims 8-18, wherein, The method further comprises: Receive and measure the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal to obtain second sensing data; Report the second sensing data.

20. The method according to any one of claims 8-19, wherein, The method further includes: Receive first sensing data from the one or more nodes; Report the first sensing data of the one or more nodes.

21. A communication method performed by a core network device, including: Send a sensing key to an access network device, where the sensing key is used for the access network device to generate a downlink sensing signal.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein The sensing key is calculated based on a second key shared by a first terminal and the core network device.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on the second key and at least one of the following parameters: the identifier of the access network device, the identifier of the first terminal, a second random number, the identifier of the sensing service.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21-23, wherein, The method further includes: Send second information to the access network device, where the second information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, the identifier of the sensing service.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21-23, wherein, The method further includes: Send first information to a first terminal, where the first information includes at least one of the following: the identifier of the sensing service, a second random number.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein, The method further includes: Receive first sensing data from the first terminal.

27. The method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein The method further includes at least one of the following: Receive second sensing data from the access network device; Receive the first sensing data of the first terminal from the access network device.

28. A first terminal, including: A first communication unit, configured to receive the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal, where the downlink sensing signal is generated based on a sensing key shared by the first terminal and an access network device.

29. The first terminal according to claim 28, wherein, The first terminal further includes: A first processing unit, configured to calculate a sensing sequence based on the sensing key; obtain first sensing data based on the sensing sequence and the reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal; The first communication unit, configured to report the first sensing data.

30. The first terminal according to claim 29, wherein, The first processing unit, configured to calculate the sensing sequence based on the sensing key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value, a first random number.

31. The first terminal according to claim 30, wherein, The first communication unit, configured to receive the first random number from the access network device.

32. The first terminal according to any one of claims 28-31, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on a first shared key, where the first shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a second key shared by the first terminal and a core network device, a group key corresponding to a first group where the first terminal is located.

33. The first terminal according to claim 32, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on the first shared key and at least one of the following parameters: the identifier of the access network device, the identifier of the first terminal, the identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, a second random number, the identifier of the sensing service.

34. The first terminal according to any one of claims 28-33, wherein, The first communication unit, configured to receive first information, where the first information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, the identifier of the sensing service.

35. An access network device, including: A second communication unit, configured to send a downlink sensing signal, where the downlink sensing signal is generated based on a sensing key shared by the access network device and one or more nodes.

36. The access network device according to claim 35, wherein, The downlink sensing signal is generated based on a sensing sequence, and the sensing sequence is calculated based on the sensing key.

37. The access network device according to claim 36, wherein, The sensing sequence is calculated based on the sensing key and at least one of the following parameters: a count value, a first random number.

38. The access network device according to claim 37, wherein, The second communication unit is configured to send the first random number to the one or more nodes, where the first random number is generated by the access network device.

39. The access network device according to any one of claims 35-38, wherein, The second communication unit is configured to receive the sensing key from the core network device.

40. The access network device according to claim 39, wherein, The sensing key is shared by a first terminal and the access network device, and the first terminal is one of the one or more nodes.

41. The access network device according to any one of claims 35-38, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on a second shared key, where the second shared key is one of the following: a first key shared by the first terminal and the access network device, a group key corresponding to a first group that includes the first terminal.

42. The access network device according to claim 41, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on the second shared key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, an identifier of the first terminal, identifiers of multiple nodes in the first group, a second random number, an identifier of the sensing service.

43. The access network device according to any one of claims 35-42, wherein, The second communication unit is configured to receive second information from the core network device, where the second information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of the sensing service.

44. The access network device according to claim 42, wherein, The second random number is generated by the access network device.

45. The access network device according to any one of claims 35-44, wherein, The second communication unit is configured to send first information to the one or more nodes, where the first information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of the sensing service.

46. The access network device according to any one of claims 35-45, wherein, The second communication unit is configured to receive and measure a reflected signal of the downlink sensing signal to obtain second sensing data; report the second sensing data.

47. The access network device according to any one of claims 35-46, wherein, The second communication unit is configured to receive first sensing data from the one or more nodes; report the first sensing data of the one or more nodes.

48. A core network device, comprising: A third communication unit is configured to send a sensing key to the access network device, where the sensing key is used by the access network device to generate a downlink sensing signal.

49. The core network device according to claim 48, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on a second key shared by a first terminal and the core network device.

50. The core network device according to claim 49, wherein, The sensing key is calculated based on the second key and at least one of the following parameters: an identifier of the access network device, an identifier of the first terminal, a second random number, an identifier of the sensing service.

51. The core network device according to any one of claims 48 - 50, wherein, The third communication unit is configured to send second information to the access network device, where the second information includes at least one of the following: a second random number, an identifier of the sensing service.

52. The core network device according to any one of claims 48 - 50, wherein, The third communication unit is configured to send first information to the first terminal, and the first information includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the sensing service, a second random number.

53. The core network device according to claim 52, wherein, The third communication unit is configured to receive first sensing data from the first terminal.

54. The core network device according to claim 51 or 52, wherein, The third communication unit is configured to perform at least one of the following: receive second sensing data from the access network device; receive first sensing data of the first terminal from the access network device.

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