Circularly polarized array antenna and wireless communication device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, and provides a circularly polarized array antenna and a wireless communication device. The array antenna comprises: a first substrate, any antenna unit symmetrically arranged on the first substrate being a circularly polarized antenna unit; a second substrate, at least one first coupling gap being formed in any resonant cavity symmetrically arranged on the second substrate, and any first coupling gap being overlapped with a first target projection corresponding thereto; and a third substrate provided with an H-shaped junction and a port line, the H-shaped junction and the port line being communicated with each other, at least one second coupling gap being formed in the H-shaped junction, and any second target projection being located in the resonant cavity corresponding thereto. The circularly polarized array antenna provided by the present application can obtain relatively good batch consistency, has an extremely stable radiation pattern, good polarization purity and high radiation efficiency, and can achieve high-stability connection and high-efficiency transmission of mobile communications in millimeter wave bands.

Description

Circularly polarized array antenna and wireless communication equipment

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This disclosure is based on and claims the priority of Chinese patent application with application number 202311807283.6 and application date December 26, 2023. The entire content of the Chinese patent application is hereby incorporated into this disclosure as a reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a circularly polarized array antenna and a wireless communication device. Background Art

[0004] As the front-end component of a wireless communication system, the performance of the antenna can affect the performance of the entire wireless communication system, including signal-to-noise ratio and signal coverage. Antennas can be divided into two categories based on common polarization methods: linear polarization and circular polarization. Different types of antennas are suitable for different application scenarios. However, for many communication systems, including satellite communications, the communication objects are no longer limited to fixed targets. As the target moves, the polarization direction of the antenna may change. Linearly polarized antennas can only receive electromagnetic waves with co-directional polarization. Non-co-directional polarization will cause polarization mismatch, so they have a significant disadvantage in high-speed mobile communications. Circularly polarized antennas also share some of the advantages of circularly polarized waves. They have unique advantages in resolving polarization mismatch, suppressing rain and fog interference, and eliminating the Faraday effect, and have broad prospects.

[0005] However, the traditional circularly polarized array antenna has a relatively complex structure and a large antenna unit area. In practice, it often suffers from problems such as poor batch consistency, unstable antenna radiation pattern, and poor polarization purity. It is difficult to meet the growing demand for high-stable connection and high-efficiency transmission in millimeter wave band mobile communications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a circularly polarized array antenna and a wireless communication device to solve the technical problem that traditional circularly polarized array antennas are difficult to meet the growing demand for high-stability connection and high-efficiency transmission in millimeter wave frequency band mobile communications.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a circularly polarized array antenna, comprising: a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate;

[0008] At least one antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the first substrate, and the at least one antenna unit is a circularly polarized antenna unit;

[0009] At least one resonant cavity is symmetrically arranged on the second substrate, wherein at least one first coupling slot is arranged in any resonant cavity, the first coupling slots correspond to the first target projections one-to-one, and any first coupling slot overlaps with its corresponding first target projection; the first target projection is a vertical projection of the antenna unit on the second substrate;

[0010] An H-type junction and a port line are provided on the third substrate, and the H-type junction and the port line are interconnected. At least one second coupling slot is provided in the H-type junction. The second target projections correspond one-to-one to the resonant cavities, and any second target projection is located in the resonant cavity corresponding thereto. The second target projection is a vertical projection of the second coupling slot on the second substrate.

[0011] In one embodiment, any of the resonant cavities is surrounded by a plurality of metal through-holes on the second substrate, and the H-type junction and the port line are surrounded by a plurality of metal through-holes on the third substrate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the at least one antenna unit is formed on the first substrate. n *2 n where n is a natural number.

[0013] In one embodiment, the antenna unit is a centrosymmetrical structure.

[0014] In one embodiment, a plurality of first coupling slots are provided in any resonant cavity, and the plurality of first coupling slots are symmetrically arranged on inner sides of two opposite edges of the any resonant cavity.

[0015] In one embodiment, the H-type junction includes two parallel regions and a connecting region, wherein the connecting region is arranged between the two parallel regions and is interconnected with the two parallel regions;

[0016] A plurality of second coupling slots are provided in the H-type junction and are evenly distributed in the two parallel regions. The second coupling slots in any parallel region are symmetrically provided inside the edge of any parallel region relative to the connection region.

[0017] In one embodiment, the two parallel regions include a first parallel region and a second parallel region;

[0018] The second coupling slot in the first parallel region is arranged on the inner side of the edge of the first parallel region close to the connection region, and the second coupling slot in the second parallel region is arranged on the inner side of the edge of the second parallel region away from the connection region.

[0019] In one embodiment, a plurality of first matching through holes are provided in any resonant cavity, and the plurality of first matching through holes are symmetrically arranged on inner sides of two opposite edges of the any resonant cavity.

[0020] In one embodiment, a second matching through hole, a third matching through hole and a fourth matching through hole are provided in the H-type junction;

[0021] The second matching through holes are evenly distributed in the first parallel region and the second parallel region, the second matching through holes correspond to the second coupling slots one-to-one, and the vertical distance between any two of the second matching through holes and their corresponding second coupling slots is the same;

[0022] The third matching through holes are evenly distributed in the first parallel region and the second parallel region, and the third matching through holes in the first parallel region and the third matching through holes in the second parallel region are symmetrical with each other with the port line as the symmetry axis;

[0023] The fourth matching through hole is provided in the connection area, and the fourth matching through hole is located on the axis of the port line.

[0024] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a wireless communication device, comprising the circularly polarized array antenna described in the first aspect.

[0025] The circularly polarized array antenna provided in the present application includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a third substrate. At least one antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the first substrate, and these antenna units are circularly polarized antenna units. At least one resonant cavity is symmetrically arranged on the second substrate. At least one first coupling slot is arranged in any resonant cavity. The first coupling slot corresponds one-to-one to the first target projection, and any first coupling slot overlaps with its corresponding first target projection. The first target projection is a vertical projection of the antenna unit on the second substrate. An H-type junction and a port line are arranged on the third substrate, and the H-type junction and the port line are interconnected. At least one second coupling slot is arranged in the H-type junction. The second target projection corresponds one-to-one to the resonant cavity, and any second target projection is located in the resonant cavity corresponding thereto. The second target projection is a vertical projection of the second coupling slot on the second substrate. According to the above structure, the port line of the third substrate transmits electromagnetic energy to the H-type junction. This electromagnetic energy is coupled to each resonant cavity of the second substrate through the second coupling slot within the H-type junction, and then coupled to the first substrate through the first coupling slot within the resonant cavity to feed the antenna unit. Because the first coupling slot overlaps with its corresponding first target projection, the electromagnetic energy excites a circularly polarized current in the circularly polarized antenna unit through the first coupling slot, thereby achieving circularly polarized radiation characteristics. This circularly polarized array antenna has a compact and simple structure, a small antenna unit area, and can achieve good batch consistency in practical applications. The radiation pattern is very stable, has good polarization purity and high radiation efficiency, and can achieve highly stable connection and high-efficiency transmission for mobile communications in the millimeter wave frequency band. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0027] FIG1 is a 3D structural diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna element array in a circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a resonant cavity in a circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an H-junction and a port line in a circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG5 is a second schematic diagram of the planar structure of the antenna element array in the circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG6 is a simulation diagram of the normalized radiation direction of the 1×1 array antenna corresponding to FIG5 in the 27 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG7 is a simulation diagram showing how the reflection coefficient of the 1×1 array antenna corresponding to FIG5 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG8 is a simulation diagram showing the axial ratio characteristics of the 1×1 array antenna corresponding to FIG5 as a function of frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG9 is a simulation diagram showing how the right-hand circularly polarized gain of the 1×1 array antenna shown in FIG5 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG10 is a simulation diagram showing how the radiation efficiency of the 1×1 array antenna shown in FIG5 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG11 is a simulation diagram of the normalized radiation direction of the 4×4 array antenna corresponding to FIG1 in the 27 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG12 is a simulation diagram showing how the reflection coefficient of the 4×4 array antenna shown in FIG1 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG13 is a simulation diagram showing the axial ratio characteristics of the 4×4 array antenna of FIG1 as a function of frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG14 is a simulation diagram showing how the right-hand circular polarization gain of the 4×4 array antenna shown in FIG1 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG15 is a simulation diagram showing how the radiation efficiency of the 4×4 array antenna corresponding to FIG1 varies with frequency, according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure numerals: 1-first substrate; 11-L-type patch; 2-second substrate; 21-resonant cavity; 22-first matching through hole; 23-first coupling slot; 3-third substrate; 31-H-type junction; 32-port line; 33-second matching through hole; 34-third matching through hole; 35-fourth matching through hole; 36-second coupling slot; 37-metal through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] FIG1 is a 3D structural diagram of a circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna element array in a circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a resonant cavity in a circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the H-junction and port lines in the circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] 1 to 4 , an embodiment of the present application provides a circularly polarized array antenna, which may include: a first substrate 1 , a second substrate 2 , and a third substrate 3 ;

[0049] At least one antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the first substrate 1. The at least one antenna unit is a circularly polarized antenna unit. The structure of the circularly polarized antenna unit can be set according to actual needs and is not limited here. In this embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna unit can be composed of two L-shaped patches 11, and the short sides of the two L-shaped patches 11 are adjacently arranged along the extension direction of the long sides;

[0050] At least one resonant cavity 21 is symmetrically arranged on the second substrate 2. Each resonant cavity 21 is surrounded by a plurality of metal through-holes 37 on the second substrate 2, and the first target projection is evenly distributed in all the resonant cavities 21. The first target projection is a vertical projection of the antenna unit on the second substrate 2.

[0051] At least one first coupling slot 23 is provided in any resonant cavity 21. The first coupling slots 23 correspond one-to-one with the first target projections, and any first coupling slot 23 overlaps with its corresponding first target projection. In this embodiment, any first coupling slot 23 may overlap with the short side projections of the two corresponding L-shaped patch projections, and the first coupling slot 23 extends along the long side projections of the two L-shaped patch projections.

[0052] An H-type junction 31 and a port line 32 are provided on the third substrate 3. The H-type junction 31 and the port line 32 are surrounded by a plurality of metal through holes 37 on the third substrate 3, and the H-type junction 31 and the port line 32 are connected to each other.

[0053] At least one second coupling slot 36 is provided in the H-type junction 31 . The second target projections correspond one-to-one to the resonant cavities 21 , and any second target projection is located in the corresponding resonant cavity 21 . The second target projection is a vertical projection of the second coupling slot 36 on the second substrate 2 .

[0054] Referring to Figures 1-4, the circularly polarized array antenna is a 4×4 array antenna, comprising, from top to bottom along the z-axis, a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, and a third substrate 3. All three substrates are made of metal. The first substrate 1 includes a total of 16 circularly polarized patch antenna elements in a 4×4 configuration, each consisting of a pair of L-shaped patches 11. The second substrate 2 includes four resonant cavities 21, each of which includes four first coupling slots 23. The vertical projections of each of the four antenna elements on the first substrate 1 fall within a resonant cavity 21, and the projections of the two adjacent short sides of the vertical projections overlap with a first coupling slot 23 in the resonant cavity 21. The third substrate 3 includes four second coupling slots 36 within its H-shaped junction 31, and the vertical projections of these four second coupling slots 36 fall within each of the four resonant cavities 21 of the second substrate 2.

[0055] The resonant cavity 21 on the second substrate 2 and the H-type junction 31 and port line 32 on the third substrate 3 are all surrounded by multiple metal through-holes 37, forming a SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) transmission line. The surfaces of the first substrate 1, second substrate 2, and third substrate 3 are all electroplated with copper metal. The three substrates are bonded together through a pressing process. The SIW transmission lines on the second substrate 2 and third substrate 3 form a 4×4 feeding network and a 1-to-4 power divider. This feeding network feeds the antenna element array on the first substrate 1 upward. Electromagnetic energy enters the H-type junction 31 through the port line 32 and is then transmitted upward through the coupling slot to the antenna element array on the first substrate 1. The array antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth, stable antenna unidirectional radiation characteristics, high antenna radiation efficiency, and excellent antenna performance.

[0056] It should be noted that the coupling gap is a structure formed by removing the electroplated metal copper in the corresponding area on the substrate.

[0057] The circularly polarized array antenna provided in this embodiment includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate. At least one antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the first substrate, and each antenna unit includes two L-shaped patches, and the short sides of the two L-shaped patches are adjacently arranged along the extension direction of the long sides. At least one resonant cavity is symmetrically arranged on the second substrate, and at least one first coupling slot is arranged in each resonant cavity. The first coupling slots correspond one-to-one with first target projections, and each first coupling slot overlaps with the short side projection of its corresponding first target projection. The first target projection is a perpendicular projection of the antenna unit on the second substrate. An H-type junction and a port line are provided on the third substrate, and the H-type junction and the port line are interconnected. At least one second coupling slot is provided in the H-type junction, and the second target projections correspond one-to-one with the resonant cavities. Each second target projection is located in the resonant cavity corresponding thereto, and the second target projection is a perpendicular projection of the second coupling slot on the second substrate. According to the above structure, the port line of the third substrate transmits electromagnetic energy to the H-type junction. This electromagnetic energy is coupled to each resonant cavity of the second substrate through the second coupling slot within the H-type junction, and then coupled to the first substrate through the first coupling slot within the resonant cavity to feed the antenna unit. Because the first coupling slot overlaps with the short side projection of its corresponding first target projection, the electromagnetic energy first excites a current polarized along the short side of the antenna unit in the antenna unit through the first coupling slot. Due to the structure of the L-shaped patch, the current polarized along the short side of the antenna unit turns to the long side of the antenna unit at the inflection point of the L-shaped patch, thereby exciting a current polarized along the long side of the antenna unit. Due to the different excitation times, the currents in the two polarization directions have a 90-degree time phase difference, thereby achieving circularly polarized radiation characteristics. This circularly polarized array antenna has a compact and simple structure, a small antenna unit area, and can achieve good batch consistency in practical applications. The radiation pattern is very stable, with good polarization purity and high radiation efficiency. It can achieve highly stable connection and high-efficiency transmission of mobile communications in the millimeter wave band.

[0058] Furthermore, the SIW transmission line of the array antenna can achieve seamless connection with the RF front-end system, which is conducive to the integrated design and manufacturing of the RF front-end circuit and the antenna system.

[0059] Furthermore, conventional antenna units use microstrip antennas, which are easy to manufacture but suffer from high transmission loss at high frequencies. Metal waveguide antennas, while offering advantages such as high power capacity and low transmission loss, are complex and expensive to manufacture with high precision. This embodiment employs a SIW structure, using a metal layer on the substrate surface and short-circuit vias (metal through-holes) through the substrate to confine electromagnetic waves. This allows electromagnetic energy to propagate within the substrate in a manner similar to that of a metal waveguide, achieving low-loss high-frequency transmission.

[0060] Furthermore, the array antenna is a planar structure with a simple unit cell structure in the millimeter-wave frequency band. The 4×4 feed network, constructed using SIW transmission lines, is also planar and exhibits excellent matching characteristics. Therefore, the array antenna can be manufactured using the mature and widely used PCB process, significantly reducing manufacturing costs and demonstrating great commercial potential.

[0061] 1 to 2 , in one embodiment, the antenna unit is formed on a first substrate 1 . n *2 n ; where n is a natural number;

[0062] In practical applications, the number of antenna units in the x-axis and y-axis directions of the antenna unit array can be increased or decreased according to demand, and is not limited here. In this embodiment, the number of antenna units in the x-axis and y-axis directions of the antenna unit array is 4. If a narrower beam or a higher circular polarization gain is required, the number of antenna units can be appropriately increased. However, in order to ensure that all antenna units work synchronously in the same mode, when increasing or decreasing antenna units, it is necessary to double the increase or decrease within the range corresponding to the resonant cavity 21. Therefore, the array formed by the antenna unit on the first substrate 1 can be used as 2 n *2 n , where n is a natural number. For example, when adding antenna elements to a 4×4 antenna element array, the 2×2 antenna element array corresponding to each resonant cavity 21 needs to be doubled. In this case, each resonant cavity 21 corresponds to a 4×4 antenna element array. After adding antenna elements, the antenna element array on the first substrate 1 becomes an 8×8 antenna element array. The same applies when removing antenna elements from a 4×4 antenna element array. Furthermore, when adding or removing antenna elements, the feed scale of the feed network needs to be increased or decreased simultaneously to ensure the normal operation of each antenna element.

[0063] In this embodiment, the scale of the antenna unit array can be adjusted to form a larger or smaller array to meet different radiation requirements.

[0064] 1 and 2 , in one embodiment, the antenna unit has a centrosymmetrical structure.

[0065] In this embodiment, the antenna unit is a centrally symmetrical structure and the specifications and shapes of each antenna unit are the same. Combined with other symmetrical settings and evenly distributed structures, each antenna unit has a highly consistent working mode, further improving the stability of the antenna radiation pattern, thereby further improving the stability and efficiency of mobile communication transmission in the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0066] 1 and 3 , in one embodiment, the plurality of first coupling slots 23 in any resonant cavity 21 are symmetrically arranged on inner sides of two opposite edges of the resonant cavity 21 .

[0067] In this embodiment, the symmetrical structure of the first coupling slot makes the electromagnetic energy transfer more uniform. Combined with other symmetrical settings and evenly distributed structures, each antenna unit has a highly consistent working mode, further improving the stability of the antenna radiation pattern, thereby further improving the stability and efficiency of mobile communication transmission in the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0068] 1 and 4 , in one embodiment, the H-junction 31 includes two parallel regions and a connecting region, wherein the connecting region is disposed between the two parallel regions and is interconnected with the two parallel regions;

[0069] The second coupling slots 36 are evenly distributed in the two parallel regions. The second coupling slots 36 in any parallel region are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the edge of the parallel region relative to the connection region.

[0070] In this embodiment, the even distribution and symmetrical structure of the second coupling slot make the electromagnetic energy transfer more uniform. Combined with other symmetrical settings and evenly distributed structures, each antenna unit has a highly consistent working mode, further improving the stability of the antenna radiation pattern, thereby further improving the stability and efficiency of mobile communication transmission in the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0071] 1 and 4 , in one embodiment, the two parallel regions include a first parallel region and a second parallel region;

[0072] The second coupling slot 36 in the first parallel region is arranged inside the edge of the first parallel region close to the connection region, and the second coupling slot 36 in the second parallel region is arranged inside the edge of the second parallel region away from the connection region.

[0073] That is, the second coupling slots 36 need to be arranged on the same side at both ends of the parallel region. In this embodiment, the second coupling slots 36 are arranged on the side at both ends of the parallel region close to the positive direction of the y-axis.

[0074] In this embodiment, since the gap coupling method is adopted, the magnetic lines of force pass through the gap during the coupling process. Therefore, the second coupling gap is set on the same side of the two ends of the parallel region, which can ensure that the magnetic coils at both ends of the parallel region pass through the second coupling gap in the same way. The second coupling gap couples the electromagnetic energy into the resonant cavity. 21 In the high-order mode mode, the first coupling slot in each resonant cavity will be assigned the same excitation voltage amplitude value and the same excitation voltage initial phase, ensuring that all antenna units work synchronously in the same working mode, further improving the stability of the antenna radiation pattern, thereby further improving the stability and efficiency of mobile communication transmission in the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0075] 1 and 3 , in one embodiment, a plurality of first matching through holes 22 are provided in any resonant cavity 21 , and the first matching through holes 22 are symmetrically arranged on inner sides of two opposite edges of the resonant cavity 21 .

[0076] It should be noted that the number of the first matching through holes 22 in each region is not limited, but the number of the first matching through holes 22 in the symmetrical regions needs to be consistent.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first matching through hole is provided in the SIW waveguide to introduce an inductor, thereby guiding the propagation and steering of electromagnetic energy, and effectively improving the impedance matching of the SIW feeding network.

[0078] 1 and 4 , in one embodiment, a second matching through-hole 33 , a third matching through-hole 34 and a fourth matching through-hole 35 are provided in the H-type junction 31 ;

[0079] The second matching through holes 33 are evenly distributed in the first parallel region and the second parallel region. The second matching through holes 33 correspond to the second coupling slots 36 one by one, and the vertical distance between any two second matching through holes 33 and their corresponding second coupling slots 36 is the same.

[0080] The third matching through holes 34 are evenly distributed in the first parallel region and the second parallel region, and the third matching through holes 34 in the first parallel region and the third matching through holes 34 in the second parallel region are symmetrical with each other with the port line 32 as the symmetry axis;

[0081] The fourth matching through hole 35 is disposed in the connection area, and the fourth matching through hole 35 is located on the axis of the port line 32 .

[0082] It should be noted that the number of second matching through holes 33 in each area is not limited, but the number of second matching through holes 33 in the symmetrical area needs to be consistent, and the number of second matching through holes 33 corresponding to each second coupling slot 36 also needs to be consistent; the number of third matching through holes 34 in each area is not limited, but the number of third matching through holes 34 in the symmetrical area needs to be consistent.

[0083] In this embodiment, the second matching through hole, the third matching through hole, and the fourth matching through hole are arranged in the SIW waveguide to introduce inductance, thereby guiding the propagation and steering of electromagnetic energy, and effectively improving the impedance matching of the SIW feeding network.

[0084] FIG5 is a second schematic diagram of the planar structure of the antenna element array in the circularly polarized array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] This circularly polarized array antenna is a 1×1 array antenna that can be measured and tested using the SIW grounded coplanar waveguide transition structure. Except for the resonant cavity setting, which is different from the resonant cavity setting in the 4×4 array antenna, the settings of other parts are the same as those of the 4×4 array antenna. Therefore, the specifications of each part in the 1×1 array antenna can be used to illustrate the corresponding parts in the 4×4 array antenna. The differences between the specifications of each part of the 1×1 array antenna and the 4×4 array antenna are: the distance d5 between the first coupling slot 23 and the inner side of the corresponding resonant cavity edge is 0.81mm, and the distance W1 between the two opposite sides of the resonant cavity in the direction of the long side extension of the L-shaped patch 11 is 5mm. In addition, the specific specifications of each structure of the 4×4 array antenna are as follows:

[0086] 1, 2 and 5, the first substrate 1 is a square with a side length L6 = 32 mm and a thickness of 1.016 mm. The long side length L of the L-shaped patch 11 is P =2.42mm, short side length W P =1.96mm, the radius r1 of the metal through hole 37 =0.25mm.

[0087] 1 and 3 , the thickness of the second substrate 2 is also 1.016 mm. The distance L2 along the y-axis between the first coupling slots 23 disposed oppositely along the y-axis in the resonant cavity 21 is 8 mm. The distance L3 along the y-axis between the first matching through holes 22 disposed oppositely along the y-axis is 8.04 mm. The distance L4 along the y-axis between the first matching through holes 22 disposed oppositely along the x-axis and the inner side of the edge of the resonant cavity 21 extending along the x-axis is 4.54 mm. The width L5 of the resonant cavity 21 along the y-axis is 9.96 mm. The distance d3 along the y-axis between the first coupling slots 23 and the inner side of the corresponding edge of the resonant cavity 21 is 1.05 mm. The distance d4 along the x-axis between the projections of the first matching through holes 22 and the second coupling slots disposed oppositely along the x-axis on the second substrate 2 is 1.11 mm.

[0088] 1 and 4 , the distance L1 between the two second coupling slots 36 at the same end of the two parallel regions of the H-type junction 31 along the y-axis is 16 mm, and the length of the second coupling slot 36 along the x-axis is L s =3.82mm, the distance d1 along the y-axis between the second matching through hole 33 and the inner side of the edge of the parallel region away from the second coupling slot 36 is =1.48mm, and the distance d2 along the x-axis between the fourth matching through hole 35 and the inner side of the edge of the connection region away from the port line 32 is =1.51mm.

[0089] This embodiment can maximize the performance adjustment of the circularly polarized array antenna by setting the specifications of each part. In practical applications, it can achieve good batch consistency, and the radiation pattern is very stable, with good polarization purity and high radiation efficiency. It can achieve highly stable connection and high-efficiency transmission of mobile communications in the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0090] FIG6 is a simulation diagram of the normalized radiation direction of the 1×1 array antenna corresponding to FIG5 in the 27 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0091] FIG7 is a simulation diagram showing how the reflection coefficient of the 1×1 array antenna corresponding to FIG5 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0092] FIG8 is a simulation diagram showing the axial ratio characteristics of the 1×1 array antenna corresponding to FIG5 as a function of frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0093] FIG9 is a simulation diagram showing how the right-hand circularly polarized gain of the 1×1 array antenna shown in FIG5 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0094] FIG10 is a simulation diagram showing how the radiation efficiency of the 1×1 array antenna corresponding to FIG5 varies with frequency, according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0095] 6 to 10 , the 1×1 array antenna of this embodiment has unidirectional radiation characteristics, where the vertical axis of FIG6 represents the polarization gain and the circumference represents the rotation angle. The reflection coefficient has a wide range and is lower than -13 dB in the 24 GHz to 34 GHz frequency band. The axial ratio characteristic is lower than 3 dB in the 26 GHz to 28.8 GHz frequency band, indicating good axial ratio characteristics. The right-hand circularly polarized gain is higher than 7.2 dBic in the 26 GHz to 28.8 GHz frequency band, indicating high circularly polarized gain. The radiation efficiency is maintained above 0.92 in the 26 GHz to 28.8 GHz frequency band.

[0096] FIG11 is a simulation diagram of the normalized radiation direction of the 4×4 array antenna corresponding to FIG1 in the 27 GHz frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0097] FIG12 is a simulation diagram showing how the reflection coefficient of the 4×4 array antenna shown in FIG1 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0098] FIG13 is a simulation diagram showing the axial ratio characteristics of the 4×4 array antenna of FIG1 as a function of frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0099] FIG14 is a simulation diagram showing how the right-hand circular polarization gain of the 4×4 array antenna shown in FIG1 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0100] FIG15 is a simulation diagram showing how the radiation efficiency of the 4×4 array antenna corresponding to FIG1 varies with frequency, provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0101] 11 to 15 , the 4×4 array antenna of this embodiment has unidirectional radiation characteristics, where the vertical axis of FIG11 represents polarization gain and the circumference represents rotation angle. The reflection coefficient bandwidth is very wide and can operate consistently up to 38 GHz. The axial ratio characteristic is less than 3 dB in the 26.2 GHz-29.1 GHz frequency band, demonstrating good axial ratio characteristics. The maximum right-hand circularly polarized gain is approximately 19.1 dBic, and within the circularly polarized operating frequency band, the gain is maintained above 18.5 dBic, demonstrating high circularly polarized gain. The radiation efficiency is maintained above 0.75, with a maximum value of 0.82, demonstrating good radiation efficiency.

[0102] An embodiment of the present application provides a wireless communication device, including the aforementioned circularly polarized array antenna. Therefore, the wireless communication device has all the advantages of the aforementioned circularly polarized array antenna, which will not be repeated here.

[0103] All embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented individually or in combination with other embodiments, and are all considered to be within the scope of protection claimed by the present disclosure.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized array antenna, comprising: The first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate; At least one antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the first substrate, and the at least one antenna unit is a circularly polarized antenna unit; At least one resonant cavity is symmetrically arranged on the second substrate, and at least one first coupling slot is arranged in any one of the resonant cavities. The first coupling slot corresponds to a first target projection one by one, and any one of the first coupling slots overlaps with its corresponding first target projection; The first target projection is the vertical projection of the antenna unit on the second substrate; An H-shaped junction and a port line are arranged on the third substrate, and the H-shaped junction is in communication with the port line. At least one second coupling slot is arranged in the H-shaped junction. The second target projection corresponds to the resonant cavity one by one, and any one of the second target projections is located in the resonant cavity corresponding to it; the second target projection is the vertical projection of the second coupling slot on the second substrate.

2. The circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 1, Any one of the resonant cavities is surrounded by a plurality of metal through holes on the second substrate, and the H-shaped junction and the port line are surrounded by a plurality of metal through holes on the third substrate.

3. The circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 1 or 2, The at least one antenna element is formed in an array of 2 on the first substrate n *2 n ; wherein, n is a natural number.

4. The circularly polarized array antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, The antenna unit has a centrosymmetric structure.

5. The circularly polarized array antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, A plurality of first coupling slots are arranged in any one of the resonant cavities, and the plurality of first coupling slots are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the edges of the opposite sides of any one of the resonant cavities.

6. The circularly polarized array antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, The H-shaped junction includes two parallel regions and a connecting region. The connecting region is arranged between the two parallel regions and is in communication with the two parallel regions; A plurality of second coupling slots are arranged in the H-shaped junction, and the plurality of second coupling slots are evenly distributed in the two parallel regions. The second coupling slots in any one of the parallel regions are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the edges of any one of the parallel regions with respect to the connecting region.

7. The circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 6, The two parallel regions include a first parallel region and a second parallel region; The second coupling slots in the first parallel region are arranged on the inner side of the edge of the first parallel region close to the connecting region, and the second coupling slots in the second parallel region are arranged on the inner side of the edge of the second parallel region away from the connecting region.

8. The circularly polarized array antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, A plurality of first matching through holes are arranged in any one of the resonant cavities, and the plurality of first matching through holes are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the edges of the opposite sides of any one of the resonant cavities.

9. The circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 7, Second matching through holes, third matching through holes, and fourth matching through holes are arranged in the H-shaped junction; The second matching through holes are evenly distributed in the first parallel region and the second parallel region, the second matching through holes correspond to the second coupling slits one by one, and the vertical distance between any two of the second matching through holes and their corresponding second coupling slits is the same; The third matching through holes are evenly distributed in the first parallel region and the second parallel region, and the third matching through holes in the first parallel region and the third matching through holes in the second parallel region are symmetric with each other with the port line as the axis of symmetry; The fourth matching through hole is arranged in the connection region, and the fourth matching through hole is located on the axis of the port line.

10. A wireless communication device, characterized in that, Comprising the circularly polarized array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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