Process water treatment
By incorporating solids removal systems and recycling solids-depleted streams, the treatment of black water streams in gasification processes is optimized, reducing treatment loads and costs while improving syngas stream temperature and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/140560
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-26
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing gasification processes face challenges in effectively treating black water streams from quench sections to enable efficient recycling and reuse in gasifiers, leading to increased equipment costs and operational inefficiencies.
Implementing first and second solids removal systems to process black water streams, followed by recycling solids-depleted streams to the quench section, which includes hydro-cyclone separators and pressure management, to reduce the load on primary waste water treatment and enhance heat integration.
Reduces the amount of black water requiring treatment, decreases equipment size and operating costs, and improves syngas stream temperature for enhanced downstream performance.
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Figure CN2024140560_03072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PROCESS WATER TREATMENTBACKGROUND
[0001] The partial combustion or gasification of solid carbonaceous fuels to produce sythesis gases, or syngas, having value as residential and industrial fuels, as starting materials for synthesis of chemicals and fuels, and as an energy source for generation of electricity has long been recognized and practiced on varying scales throughout the world. The term “solid carbonaceous fuel” as used herein is intended to include various gas-carried combustible materials and mixtures thereof, and may be selected from the group of coal, coke from coal, coal liquefaction residues, petroleum coke, soot, biomass, and particulate solids derived from oil shale, tar sands and pitch. The coal may be of any type, including lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite.
[0002] A gasification reactor produces hot syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide which may be contacted with one or more water streams in a quench section to remove solid matter such as slag and soot. The resulting black water stream leaving the quench section must be treated in order to recycle and reuse the water in the process.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] The appended drawings illustrate certain aspects of some of the embodiments of the present invention and should not be used to limit or define the invention. Like numerals denote like elements in the appended figures.
[0004] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a gasifier with a reactor section and a quench section.
[0005] Fig. 2 is a flowsheet schematic depicting an embodiment of a gasification process in which water from the quench section may be recycled to the gasifier.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0006] The ensuing detailed description provides preferred exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention. Rather, the ensuing detailed description of the preferred exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing the preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as set forth in the appended claims.
[0007] The articles "a" or "an" as used herein mean one or more when applied to any feature in embodiments of the present invention described in the specification and claims. The use of "a" and "an" does not limit the meaning to a single feature unless such a limit is specifically stated. The article “the” preceding singular or plural nouns or noun phrases denotes a particular specified feature or particular specified features and may have a singular or plural connotation depending upon the context in which it is used.
[0008] The term “and / or” placed between a first entity and a second entity includes any of the meanings of (1) only the first entity, (2) only the second entity, or (3) the first entity and the second entity. The term “and / or” placed between the last two entities of a list of 3 or more entities means at least one of the entities in the list including any specific combination of entities in this list. For example, “A, B and / or C” has the same meaning as “A and / or B and / or C” and comprises the following combinations of A, B and C: (1) only A, (2) only B, (3) only C, (4) A and B but not C, (5) A and C but not B, (6) B and C but not A, and (7) A and B and C.
[0009] The phrase “at least a portion” means “aportion or all. ” The “at least a portion of a stream” has the same composition, with the same concentration of each of the species, as the stream from which it is derived.
[0010] As used herein, “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” etc. are used to distinguish among a plurality of steps and / or features, and is not indicative of the total number, or relative position in time and / or space, unless expressly stated as such.
[0011] The terms “depleted” or “lean” mean having a lesser mole percent concentration of the indicated component than the original stream from which it was formed. “Depleted” and “lean” do not mean that the stream is completely lacking the indicated component.
[0012] The terms “rich” or “enriched” mean having a greater mole percent concentration of the indicated component than the original stream from which it was formed.
[0013] “Downstream” and “upstream” refer to the intended flow direction of the process fluid transferred. If the intended flow direction of the process fluid is from the first device to the second device, the second device is downstream of the first device. In case of a recycle stream, downstream and upstream refer to the first pass of the process fluid.
[0014] Fig. 1 is a cross-section showing an embodiment of a gasifier 1 with a reactor section 10 and a quench section 11. Feed stream 12 which may comprise carbonaceous fuel, oxygen, and / or water enters reactor section 10 via one or more burners 14. One or more integrated startup burners 16 may be used to bring the reactor to operating temperature and pressure if needed. In the reactor section the carbonaceous fuel is partially oxidized to produce a syngas stream 18 comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, soot, and slag, which exits the reactor section 10 and enters the quench section 11. In the quench section the syngas stream 18 may be contacted with quench water stream 19 via quench ring 20 and / or coarse spray stream 21 via one or more coarse spray nozzles (not shown) arranged within dip tube 22. Syngas stream 18 then contacts water bath 24 and travels up through the annulus formed between dip tube 22 and draft tube 26. Water bath 24 may be agitated using a circulation stream 25. Syngas stream 18 may be contacted with annular spray sream 27 via one or more annular spray nozzles (not shown) arranged on a ring header 28 to point downwards into the annular section. Syngas stream 18 may then exit via syngas outlet nozzle 30 where it may be contacted with an aqueous nozzle purge stream 31. Black water stream 32 comprising soot and slag may be withdrawn from water bath 24.
[0015] Fig. 2 is a flowsheet schematic depicting an embodiment of a gasification process in which water from the quench section may be recycled to the gasifier. At least a portion of black water stream 32 may be processed in slag removal system 34 to produce slag 36 and a slag-depleted black water stream 38. Slag-depleted black water stream 38 may be further processed in primary waste water treatment section 40 to produce treated water stream 42 that may be recycled for process water requirements (not shown) , including any of the following: quench water stream 19, coarse spray stream 21, circulation stream 25, annular spray stream 27, and / or nozzle purge stream 31. Primary waste water treatment section 40 may comprise one or more flash stages in which black water is reduced in pressure to allow dissolved acid gases to be separated from the aqueous phase. At least a portion of black water stream 32 may be processed in a first solids removal system 44 to produce a solids-depleted stream 46 and a solids-enriched stream 48. First solids removal system 44 may comprise any suitable means of removing solids from an aqueous stream such as a hydro-cyclone, a filter, or a strainer. The pressure drop across the first solids removal system 44 may range from 0 to 20 bar, or from 0 to 10 bar. First solids removal system may remove an amount ranging from 0 to 70 %of the solids from black water stream 32 on a mass basis. The amount of solids removed may be a function of the size distribution (as larger solid particles are easier to remove) and / or the amount of water to be recycled (as the solids-enriched stream 48 may have a maximum solid concentration limit to mitigate erosion of pipes) . Solids-enriched stream 48 may be treated in primary waste water treatment section 40. Solids-depleted stream 46 may be recycled to the quench section 11 of the gasifier 1. Solids-depleted stream 46 may also be recycled to any combination of the following: quench water stream 19, coarse spray stream 21, circulation stream 25, annular spray stream 27, and / or nozzle purge stream 31.
[0016] Syngas stream 18 may be further cleaned by contacting with wash stream 50 in wet scrubber 52 to produce washed syngas stream 54 and spent wash stream 56. Wash stream 50 may comprise a portion of treated water stream 42. Spent wash stream 56 may be processed in a second solids removal system 58 to produce a solids-depleted spent wash stream 60 and a solids-enriched spent wash stream 62. Solids-enriched spent wash stream 62 may be treated in primary waste water treatment section 40. Solids-depleted spent wash stream 60 may be recycled and combined with wash stream 50.
[0017] The addition of a first solids removal system 44 and / or a second solids removal system 58 to a gasification waste water treatment section may reduce the amount of black water stream 32 that must be treated in primary waste water treatment section 40 before recycling. Reducing the flow entering primary waste water treatment section 40 may allow both smaller sized equipment and reduced operating costs. The primary waste water treatment section 40 may comprise various steps that reduce the pressure of the water stream, so recycling treated water stream 42 may require pumping to return to match the pressure of the process water.
[0018] Immediately recycling water back to the quench section after solids removal also improves heat integration, increasing the temperature of the syngas stream 18 which improves downstream performance such as water gas shift reactions.
[0019] Accordingly, the present disclosure may provide methods for quenching a hot syngas stream. The methods and systems may include any of the various features disclosed heren, including one or more of the following aspects.
[0020] Aspect 1: A method for treating a water stream comprising reacting a carbonaceous feedstock with oxygen in a reactor section of a gasifier to produce a syngas stream; contacting the syngas stream with water in a quench section of the gasifier to produce a quenched syngas stream and a water bath; withdrawing a black water stream from the water bath; removing solids from at least a portion of the black water stream to produce a solids-depleted stream; and recycling at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream to the quench section.
[0021] Aspect 2: A method according to Aspect 1, wherein the solids are removed from the at least a portion of the black water stream using a hydro-cyclone separator.
[0022] Aspect 3: A method according to Aspect 1 or Aspect 2, wherein the pressure of the solids-depleted stream after solids removal is between 0 and 20 bar lower than the pressure of the black water stream prior to solids removal.
[0023] Aspect 4: A method according to any of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the mass fraction of the solids removed from the black water stream ranges from 0 to 70%.
[0024] Aspect 5: A method according to any of Aspects 1 to 4, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with a quench water stream; wherein the quench water stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.
[0025] Aspect 6: A method according to any of Aspects 1 to 5, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with an annular spray stream; wherein the annular spray stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.
[0026] Aspect 7: A method according to any of Aspects 1 to 6, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with a coarse spray stream; wherein the coarse spray stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.
[0027] Aspect 8: A method according to any of Aspects 1 to 7, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with a nozzle purge stream; wherein the nozzle purge stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.
[0028] Aspect 9: A method according to any of Aspects 1 to 8, further comprising contacting the water bath with a circulation stream; wherein the circulation stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.
[0029] Aspect 10: A method according to any of Aspects 1 to 9, further comprising contacting the quenched syngas stream with a wash stream to produce a washed syngas stream and a spent wash stream; and removing solids from at least a portion of the spent wash stream to produce a solids-depleted spent wash stream; wherein the wash stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted spent wash stream.
[0030] Aspect 11: A method according to Aspect 10, wherein the solids are removed from the at least a portion of the spent wash stream using a hydro-cyclone separator. EXAMPLES
[0031] Two gasification processes were modeled using commercially available process modeling software and proprietary thermodynamic data: a base case without first solids removal system 44 and second solids removal system 58 in which the black water stream 32 and spent wash stream 56 are processed in primary waste water treatment section 40, and a solids removal case according to Fig. 2.
[0032] Recycling solids-depleted stream 46 to quench water stream 19 and recycling solids-depleted spent wash stream 60 to wash stream 50 results in a 7%reduction in total pump power and a 30%reduction in cooling water demand. The total equipment cost of the two processes are approximately equal as the reduction in the size of primary waste water treatment section 40 is balanced out by the addition of first solids removal system 44 and second solids removal system 58.
[0033] It should be understood that, although individual examples may be discussed herein, the present disclosure covers all combinations of the disclosed examples, including, without limitation, the different component combinations, method step combinations, and properties of the system.
[0034] While the principles of the invention have been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation of the scope of the invention.
Claims
1.A method for treating a water stream comprising:reacting a carbonaceous feedstock with oxygen in a reactor section of a gasifier to produce a syngas stream;contacting the syngas stream with water in a quench section of the gasifier to produce a quenched syngas stream and a water bath;withdrawing a black water stream from the water bath;removing solids from at least a portion of the black water stream to produce a solids-depleted stream; andrecycling at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream to the quench section.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the solids are removed from the at least a portion of the black water stream using a hydro-cyclone separator.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the solids-depleted stream after solids removal is between 0 and 20 bar lower than the pressure of the black water stream prior to solids removal.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the solids removed from the black water stream ranges from 0 to 70%.5.The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with a quench water stream;wherein the quench water stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.6.The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with an annular spray stream;wherein the annular spray stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.7.The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with a coarse spray stream;wherein the coarse spray stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.8.The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting the syngas stream with a nozzle purge stream;wherein the nozzle purge stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.9.The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting the water bath with a circulation stream;wherein the circulation stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.10.The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting the quenched syngas stream with a wash stream to produce a washed syngas stream and a spent wash stream; andremoving solids from at least a portion of the spent wash stream to produce a solids-depleted spent wash stream;wherein the wash stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted spent wash stream.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the solids are removed from the at least a portion of the spent wash stream using a hydro-cyclone separator.12.A system for treating a water stream comprising:a gasifier, comprising:a reactor section for reacting a carbonaceous feedstock with oxygen therein to produce a syngas stream; anda quench section for contacting the syngas stream with water therein to produce a quenched syngas stream and a water bath, wherein a black water stream is withdrawn from the water bath;a first solids removal system for removing solids from at least a portion of the black water stream to produce a solids-depleted stream; andwherein at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream is recycled to the quench section.13.The system of claim 12, wherein the first solids removal system comprises a hydro-cyclone separator.14.The system of claim 12, wherein the pressure of the solids-depleted stream after solids removal is between 0 and 20 bar lower than the pressure of the black water stream prior to solids removal.15.The system of claim 12, wherein the mass fraction of the solids removed from the black water stream ranges from 0 to 70%.16.The system of claim 12, wherein the syngas stream is contacted with a quench water stream via a quench ring; andwherein the quench water stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.17.The system of claim 12, wherein the syngas stream is contacted with an annular spray stream via one or more annular spray nozzles arranged on a ring header to point downwards into an annular section around the quench section; andwherein the annular spray stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.18.The system of claim 12, wherein the syngas stream is contacted with a coarse spray stream via one or more coarse spray nozzles arranged within dip tube; andwherein the coarse spray stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.19.The system of claim 12, wherein the syngas stream is contacted with a nozzle purge stream; andwherein the nozzle purge stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.20.The system of claim 12, wherein the water bath is contacted with a circulation stream; andwherein the circulation stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted stream.21.The system of claim 12, further comprisinga wet scrubber for contacting the quenched syngas stream with a wash stream therein to produce a washed syngas stream and a spent wash stream; anda second solids removal system for removing solids from at least a portion of the spent wash stream to produce a solids-depleted spent wash stream;wherein the wash stream comprises at least a portion of the solids-depleted spent wash stream.22.The system of claim 21, wherein the second solids removal system comprises a hydro-cyclone separator.
Citation Information
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