A battery cell controlling thermal runaway

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery cell (1) for reducing the pressure inside and lowering the temperature of lithium batteries in order to slow down and / or prevent thermal runaway and / or propagation during their use.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] A BATTERY CELL CONTROLLING THERMAL RUNAWAY

[0003] Technical Field

[0004] The present invention relates to a battery cell for reducing the pressure inside and lowering the temperature of lithium batteries in order to slow down and / or prevent thermal runaway and / or propagation during their use.

[0005] Background of the Invention

[0006] Due to the overheating of the battery cell during the use of lithium batteries, the chemical reactions inside the battery cell accelerate and the temperature of the cell increases, causing thermal runaway and thermal propagation. In the event that the increased pressure and temperature due to increased chemical reactions in the cell cannot be controlled, the cell explodes and / or ignites. The explosion and / or ignition of a cell causes thermal propagation by affecting another neighbouring cell. Thermal runaway due to the use of the said cell and the inability to control thermal propagation may cause the battery pack to become unusable as well as cause serious loss of life and property. For this reason, it is very important to control the thermal runaway and / or propagation occurring on the battery cell. In today's applications, many methods are used to prevent thermal runaway and / or propagation, such as improving cell selection, integrating cooling systems into the battery pack, detecting thermal runaway and / or propagation through thermal sensors, using cooling plates, reducing and / or stopping the energy delivered to the cell. These used methods are effective to control thermal propagation when used alone or in combination. However, the said methods need to be produced in a way that meets the requirements of each battery pack. For this reason, it is understood that there is a need for a battery cell for directing the gas and flame in order to enable the gas pressure to be reduced and the temperature to be reduced during thermal runaway and / or propagation occurring due to use.

[0007] The Taiwan patent document no. TW201945200A, an application included in the state of the art, discloses a battery system wrapped with a fireproof protective film. The system consists of a battery pack and at least one layer with high thermal resistance wrapped around the pack. The primary object of the invention is to prevent possible damage by means of a layer with high thermal resistance and a fire extinguishing function in case of ignition. Another object of the invention is to protect battery performance and health by preventing the problem from spreading to other battery cells in the event of a possible ignition. The thermally resistant layer mentioned in the invention consists of a predetermined thermally resistant additive. For this additive, polyolefin materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene; polyester materials such as polyethylene terephthalate and synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be used.

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] An object of the present invention is to realize a battery cell for reducing the pressure inside and lowering the temperature of lithium batteries in order to slow down and / or prevent thermal runaway and / or propagation during their use.

[0010] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0011] “A Battery Cell Controlling Thermal Runaway” realized to fulfil the objectives of the present invention is shown in the figures attached, in which:

[0012] Figure 1 is an open view of an inventive battery cell controlling thermal runaway. Figure 2 is a closed view of an inventive battery cell controlling thermal runaway.

[0013] The components illustrated in the figures are individually numbered, where the numbers refer to the following:

[0014] 1. Battery cell

[0015] 2. Jelly roll

[0016] 3. Cell pole

[0017] 3.1. Positive cell pole

[0018] 3.2. Negative cell pole

[0019] 4. Tab

[0020] 5. Insulating coating

[0021] 6. Standard coating

[0022] An inventive battery cell (1) for directing the pressure and flame generated therein comprises at least one energy element (2) which consists of anode, cathode and separator materials in order to enable the electrical energy to be stored and / or used; at least one cell pole (3) which comprises a positive pole (3.1) and a negative pole (3.2) on which the energy element (2) is wrapped and which enables electric current to be transferred between the energy element (2) and the external environment; at least one tab (4) which is located between the energy element (2) and the cell pole (3); at least one insulating coating (5) which wraps over the energy element (2) in such a way that it coincides with the position where the positive and negative poles (3.1, 3.2) are located on the outer surface of the jelly roll (2) that is not facing the cell pole (3); and at least one standard coating (6) which enables the area between the positive and negative poles (3.1, 3.2) on the outer surface of the jelly roll (2) that is not facing the cell pole (3) to be wrapped.

[0023] The energy element (2) included in the said battery cell (1) consists of lithium-ion anode, cathode and separator materials and is a jelly roll produced from a thin film placed on top of each other. The energy element (2) is wrapped on the cell pole (3) and enables the electrical energy to be stored thereon and / or the stored energy to be used.

[0024] The cell pole (3) included in the said battery cell (1) allows the energy element (2) to be wrapped thereon and enables the electrical energy to be stored by transmitting it onto the energy element (2) and / or the energy stored in the energy element (2) to be used by transmitting it outwards. The cell pole (3) comprises at least one positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2) that are used during the transmission of electrical energy.

[0025] The tab (4) included in the said battery cell (1) realizes electrical insulation by sealing the upper and lower parts corresponding to the positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2) of the energy element (2) wrapped on the cell pole (3). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the tab (4) is made of aluminium material.

[0026] The insulating coating (5) included in the said battery cell (1) enables the outer surface of the energy element (2) to be coated in the area corresponding to the positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2). The insulating coating (5) is made of any material that shows a higher endurance against the high temperature generated during thermal runaway than the standard coating (6). In this way, its melting is delayed by resisting higher temperatures than the standard coating (6) during thermal runaway. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating coating (5) is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The standard coating (6) included in the said battery cell (1) enables the area between the positive and negative cell (3.1, 3.2) poles of the insulating coating (5) to be coated on the outer surface of the energy element (2). The standard coating (6) is made of any material that shows less endurance than the endurance of the insulating coating (5) against high temperature during runaway. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the standard coating (6) is a lamination material used during battery production. The standard coating (6) melts before the insulating coating (5) during thermal runaway and enables the heat, gas and flame generated during runaway to be expelled from the melted area. In this way, the standard coating (6) melts by showing less endurance against temperature during thermal runaway than the insulating coating (5) and prevents the gas, heat and / or flame generated on the energy element (2) during thermal runaway from spreading towards other battery cells (2) by enabling them to exit from the position where the standard coating (6) is located.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulating coating (5) and the standard coating (6) are produced as a single piece by using 3D printing (coprinting) technology.

[0028] Industrial Application of the Invention

[0029] The energy element (2) included in the inventive battery cell (1) enables the energy to be stored thereon and / or the stored energy to be used by being wrapped on the cell pole (3). The cell pole (3) comprises positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2) and the energy element (2) enables the electrical energy to be transmitted towards to the energy element (2) and / or away from the energy element (2). The tab (4) realizes electrical insulation by sealing the upper and lower areas of the energy element (2) by being located between the energy element (2) and the positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2) of the energy element (2). The insulating coating (5) is made of a material that enables the outer surface of the energy element (2) to be coated at the ends where the positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2) of the energy element (2) are located and that shows high resistance to the temperature generated during thermal runaway. The standard coating (6) is made of a material that is located between the area coated by the insulating coating (5) on the energy element (2) and shows more resistance to the temperature generated during thermal runaway than the insulating coating (5). The standard coating (6) enables the generated heat, gas and / or flame to be expelled from the melted area by melting earlier than the insulating coating (5) during thermal runaway. In this way, the propagation of thermal runaway to other cells (2) is prevented by expelling the temperature and pressure increase generated in the battery cell (2) outward from the inside of the cell (2).

[0030] Within these basic concepts; it is possible to develop various embodiments of the inventive “A Battery Cell (1) Controlling Thermal Runaway”; the invention cannot be limited to examples disclosed herein and it is essentially according to claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A battery cell (1) for directing the pressure and flame generated therein; comprising at least one energy element (2) which consists of anode, cathode and separator materials in order to enable the electrical energy to be stored and / or used; at least one cell pole (3) which comprises a positive pole (3.1) and a negative pole (3.2) on which the energy element (2) is wrapped and which enables electric current to be transferred between the energy element (2) and the external environment; at least one tab (4) which is located between the energy element (2) and the cell pole (3); and characterized by at least one insulating coating (5) which wraps over the energy element (2) in such a way that it coincides with the position where the positive and negative poles (3.1, 3.2) are located on the outer surface of the jelly roll (2) that is not facing the cell pole (3); and at least one standard coating (6) which enables the area between the positive and negative poles (3.1, 3.2) on the outer surface of the jelly roll (2) that is not facing the cell pole (3) to be wrapped.

2. A battery cell (1) according to Claim 1; characterized by the energy element (2) which consists of lithium-ion anode, cathode and separator materials and is a jelly roll produced from a thin film placed on top of each other.

3. A battery cell (1) according to Claim 1 or 2; characterized by the energy element (2) which is wrapped on the cell pole (3) and enables the electrical energy to be stored thereon and / or the stored energy to be used.

4. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the cell pole (3) which allows the energy element (2) to bewrapped thereon and enables the electrical energy to be stored by transmitting it onto the energy element (2) and / or the energy stored in the energy element (2) to be used by transmitting it outwards.

5. A battery cell (1) according to Claim 4; characterized by the cell pole (3) which comprises at least one positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2) that are used during the transmission of electrical energy.

6. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the tab (4) which realizes electrical insulation by sealing the upper and lower parts corresponding to the positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2) of the energy element (2) wound on the cell pole (3).

7. A battery cell (1) according to Claim 6; characterized by the tab (4) which is made of aluminium material.

8. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the insulating coating (5) which enables the outer surface of the energy element (2) to be coated in the area corresponding to the positive and negative cell poles (3.1, 3.2).

9. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the insulating coating (5) which is made of any material that shows a higher endurance against the high temperature generated during thermal runaway than the standard coating (6).

10. A battery cell (1) according to Claim 9; characterized by the insulating coating (5) which is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

11. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the standard coating (6) which enables the area between thepositive and negative cell (3.1, 3.2) poles of the insulating coating (5) to be coated on the outer surface of the energy element (2).

12. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the standard coating (6) which is made of any material that shows less endurance than the endurance of the insulating coating (5) against high temperature during thermal runaway.

13. A battery cell (1) according to Claim 12; characterized by the standard coating (6) which is a lamination material used during battery production.

14. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the standard coating (6) which melts before the insulating coating (5) during thermal runaway and enables the heat, gas and flame generated during thermal runaway to be expelled from the melted area.

15. A battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the insulating coating (5) and the standard coating (6) which are produced as a single piece by using 3D printing (co-printing) technology.

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