Process for manufacturing tires and tire manufactured by the process
By injecting a polyurethane foaming material into a rotating tire to form a PU foam sound-absorbing member, the process addresses the inefficiencies of traditional noise reduction methods, achieving improved efficiency, durability, and sound absorption in tire manufacturing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/071269
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for reducing tire noise in electric vehicles, such as mounting sound-absorbing sponges, are complex, time-consuming, and prone to detachment, leading to inefficiencies and high costs in tire production.
A process involving the injection of a polyurethane foaming material, prepared by mixing polyether polyol and a diisocyanate compound, into a rotating tire at high speed to form a PU foam sound-absorbing member on the inner wall, optimizing rotation parameters and material formulation for customized sound absorption.
The process enhances manufacturing efficiency, improves sound absorption performance, reduces cavity noise, and increases durability and productivity while eliminating the need for manual handling and adhesive coordination.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024071269-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024071269-FTAPPB-I100002
Abstract
Description
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING TIRES AND TIRE MANUFACTURED BY THE PROCESSTechnical field of the Invention
[0001] The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a tire, and a tire manufactured by the process.Background of the Invention
[0002] Compared to traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles generate lower levels of noise primarily because they lack internal combustion engines. However, electric vehicles introduce other noise sources, such as tire noise, specifically cavity noise caused by air vibration in the tire cavity. This leads to the transfer of noise inside the vehicle, affecting the overall driving experience and ride comfort for drivers and passengers.
[0003] Numerous attempts have been made to reduce tire noise, involving alterations to tire structure and configuration, as well as the use of additional materials.
[0004] A conventional method in the tire industry to reduce tire noise involves mounting a sound-absorbing sponge on the inner wall of a tire. This process includes removing the tire from the mold, cleaning the inner surface to ensure it is clean and flat, cutting the sponge into appropriate shapes and sizes, mounting it on a specific area inside the tire to ensure good contact with the inner wall, and attaching the sponge to the inner wall using an adhesive. However, this process is complex, requires a high level of compatibility between the adhesive and the sponge, and results in a lengthy production cycle. Tests on tires produced using this process also indicate that the junction of the sponge is prone to detachment, and manually handling the junction is both time-consuming and expensive.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need to simplify the process of reducing tire noise in tire manufacturing, aiming to improve the efficiency of tire production and the sound absorption performance of the manufactured tire.Summary of the Invention
[0006] Therefore, one aspect of the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a tire with reduced cavity noise, the process comprising the steps of:
[0007] injecting a polyurethane foaming material into cavity of a rotating tire which rotates at a high speed of 100 to 500rpm, to distribute the material centrifugally along the inner wall of the tire, and
[0008] foaming and curing the polyurethane foaming material, to form a PU foam as a sound absorbing member disposed along the inner wall of the tire,
[0009] the polyurethane foaming material is prepared by mixing a first component comprising at least one polyether polyol and a foaming agent, and a second component comprising a diisocyanate compound.
[0010] Another aspect of the invention relates to a tire manufactured by the process of the invention.
[0011] The process of the invention is simple to implement, improves the efficiency of manufacturing tires, and more importantly, can be customized by adjusting the rotation parameter and the formulation of the polyurethane foaming material, to obtain different grades of sound absorbing performance as required.Detailed description of the Invention:
[0012] In the following passages the present invention is described in more detail. Each aspect so described may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
[0013] In the context of the present invention, the terms used are to be construed in accordance with the following definitions, unless a context indicates otherwise.
[0014] As used herein, the singular forms "a" , "an" and "the" include both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0015] The terms "comprising" , "comprises" as used herein are synonymous with "including" , "includes" or "containing" , "contains" , and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or process steps. The recitation of numerical end points includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited end points.
[0016] After extensive research, the applicant has discovered a specific formulation of polyurethane foaming material which makes it possible to manufacture a tire with reduced cavity noise in a simplified process, and improve sound absorbing performance of the tire and the manufacturing efficiency.
[0017] In the present invention, the polyurethane foaming material is prepared by mixing a first component comprising a polyether polyol and a foaming agent, and a second component comprising a diisocyanate compound.
[0018] The polyether polyol in the first component preferably comprises at least one EO-terminated polyether polyol preferably containing 70-90%of PO and 10-30%of EO. In a preferred embodiment, the polyether polyol has a functionality of between 2 and 6. In a further preferred embodiment, the polyether polyol has a primary hydroxyl content of more than 70%, preferably 80-90%. In another preferred embodiment, the polyether polyol (s) have a number-averaged molecular weight Mn of 2500-15000, preferably 4000-8000.
[0019] The polyether polyol suitable for use in the invention can be prepared by known technique in the art, or is commercially available. Examples of commercial available polyether polyol includes NJ330N, NJ360N, NJ42k from Jurong Ningwu New Material Development; CHE 330N from Jiangsu Changhua Polyurethane Science and Technology Co., Ltd. ; CHE360N from Changhua Chemical Technology Co..
[0020] The polyether polyol may be used in an amount of 85-97wt. %, based on the weight of the first component. As the foaming agent, water, CO2, formic acid can be used. Preferably, water is used as the foaming agent. The foaming agent may be used in an amount of 1-5wt. %, based on the weight of the first component.
[0021] The first component may further comprise an auxiliary agent selected from a foaming catalyst, a crosslinker, a surfactant, or any combination thereof.
[0022] As the foaming catalyst, an amine catalyst or a metal catalyst can be used, of which commercial examples include, Dabco BL11, Dabco 33LV, Polycat T12, Dabco NE 300, Dabco BA150 from Evonik; Jafcat ZF10, Jefcat Z130 from Huntsman; Niax A1, Niax A33, Niax EF150, Niax EF680 from Momentive. The foaming catalyst may be used in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first component. If the amount of the foaming catalyst is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the cured PU foam will not have a flat and smooth surface.
[0023] As the crosslinker, glycerin, triethanolamine (TEOA) , diethanolamine (DEOA) can be used. The crosslinker may be used in an amount of 0.3-1.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first component. If the amount of the crosslinker is less than 0.3 parts by weight, the production efficiency will be lowered.
[0024] Commercial examples of suitable surfactant include Tegostab B8715LF2, Tegostab B8734LF, Tegostab B8747 LF2 from Evonik; Niax L3001, Niax L3002 from Momentive.
[0025] In addition to the aforesaid auxiliary agent, the first component may optionally comprise other additives conventionally used in a PU foam. Examples of the additives include, but are not limited to, chain extender, foam stabilizer, flame retardant, antioxidant, foam softener, filler, color paste, hydrolysis stabilizer.
[0026] The diisocyanate compound in the second component is at least one selected from the group consisting of 4, 4’ -methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pure MDI) , polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (polymeric MDI) , MDI50, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) , and any combination thereof.
[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the diisocyanate compound comprises 20-40wt. %of polymeric MDI, 10-40wt. %of pure MDI, 10-40wt. %of MDI50 and 0-40wt. %of TDI, based on the total weight of the diisocyanate compound.
[0028] It has been surprisingly found that the use of combination of the aforesaid types and amounts of MDI and optional TDI as the diisocyanate compound in the polyurethane foaming material can greatly improve the sound absorbing performance of the cured PU foam, and also impart the polyurethane foaming material a proper flowability, rendering it suitable for injection into the cavity of a rotating tire at a relatively high speed, thereby improving the production efficiency of tires in the process of the present invention.
[0029] Particularly, if the content of MDI50 in the diisocyanate compound is less than 10wt. %, the polyurethane foaming material has an inferior flowability and the cured product has a rough surface, and if it is more than 40wt%, the polyurethane foaming material wound require a longer curing time, lowering the production efficiency.
[0030] The first component preferably has a viscosity of 800-2000mPa.s at 25℃. The second component preferably has a viscosity of 40-250mPa.s at 25℃.
[0031] The first component and the second component as described above can be mixed in a PU foaming machine, to produce a polyurethane foaming material. The polyurethane foaming material has an initial viscosity-measured immediately after mixing, for example, up to one minute after mixing-of 300-1000 mPa.s, at 25℃.
[0032] In the process of manufacturing a tire according to the invention, the polyurethane foaming material is introduced into the cavity of a rotating tire in a fixed position, by, for example, injection through the dispensing head of the PU foaming machine. Before introduction of the polyurethane foaming material, the tire is mounted on a machine for rotation and rotates at an initial speed of about 100-500 rpm, for example, 100-150rpm, or 200-300rpm. In one embodiment of the invention, when introducing the polyurethane foaming material, the rotating tire can be kept in rotation at the initial speed of about 100-500rpm, preferably about 100-300rpm. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, when introducing the polyurethane foaming material, the rotating tire is rotated at a speed gradually increasing from an initial speed of about 100-150rpm at a rate of about 10rpm / 10seconds to a speed of about 200-500rpm, preferably about 200-300rpm. In a particular embodiment, the tire is rotated at a speed increasing from about 100rpm at a rate of about 10rpm / 10 seconds to about 200rpm.
[0033] It is believed that compared to rotating tire at a low speed, for example 10-20rpm, controlling the rotation of tire at a relatively high speed when introducing the polyurethane foaming material into the cavity of the tire can improve the production efficiency by more than 50%, and also improve the sound absorption effect of PU foam formed in-situ at the same weight by more than 50%. More particularly, it has been discovered that rotation of tire at a gradually increasing speed as described above when introducing the polyurethane foaming material into the cavity of the tire results in formulation of a PU foam having a gradient density, and can further improve the sound absorption effect, especially in a wider frequency range, by more than 20%.
[0034] During rotation, the tire may also be tilted at an angle of from 90 to 180 degree with horizontal plane. By adjusting the angle of the rotating tire, the thickness of PU foam formed in the tire can be increased in the portion of tire where noise is easily generated, improving the sound absorption effect. On the other hand, the tilting angle of the rotating tire can be adjusted, to form a layer of PU foam on the sidewall of the tire as desired. A person skilled in the art will recognize that by adjusting the tilting angle of the rotating tire, distribution of the polyurethane foaming material on the inner wall of the tire can be controlled deliberately to obtain PU foam having different thickness.
[0035] After introduction of the polyurethane foaming material into cavity of the rotating tire, the material is foamed and cured on the inner wall of the tire, typically under normal pressure and temperature, to form a PU foam.
[0036] The physical properties of the PU foam, including density, thickness, and in particular, acoustic property, can be adjusted by the specific formulation of the polyurethane foaming material, and the quantity of the foaming material applied. The polyurethane foaming material is typically applied in an amount of 20 to 500g, preferably 150 to 400g, to form a PU foam having a thickness of 5-50 mm, preferably 15-35mm. The PU foam typically has a density of from 0.03 to 0.1 g / cm3, preferably 0.03-0.07 g / cm3.
[0037] The PU foam thus produced in-situ in the tire according to the process of the invention exhibits excellent adhesion to the inner wall of the tire, and greatly reduces the cavity noise of the tire.
[0038] The process for manufacturing tires according to the invention thus possesses the following advantages: improved efficiency: the process of the invention allows for more efficient production of silent tires compared to the traditional method by eliminating the need for time-consuming and costly manual handling of sponge joints.
[0039] enhanced durability: by reducing the potential for detachment of sponge joints, the process of the invention increases the durability of quiet tires, extending their lifespan and enhancing performance. increased productivity: the process of the invention is more productive and faster, resulting in a higher output of quiet tires within a given time frame.
[0040] cost saving: with increased efficiency and productivity, the process of the invention can lead to cost savings in the manufacturing of quiet tires.
[0041] simplified manufacturing: the elimination of complex steps and need for precise coordination between adhesive and sponge simplify the manufacturing process, making it more streamlined and user-friendly. improved quality control: the process of the invention can provide better control over the quality and reliability of quiet tires, resulting in a more consistent and higher-quality product.
[0042] The present invention further relates to tires manufactured by the process of the invention. The tires are intended to be used in various types of vehicles, especially electric vehicles, including four-wheel drive vehicles and SUV vehicles.
[0043] The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
[0044] Examples:
[0045] The following materials were employed in the Examples:
[0046] NJ330N: EO-terminated PPG polyether polyol, low viscosity of 800-1200, Mn: 5000, functionality: 3, EO content: 15-20%, PO content: 75-85%, available from Jurong Ningwu New Material Company;
[0047] NJ360N: EO-terminated PPG polyether polyol, low viscosity of 800-1200, Mn: 6000, functionality: 3, EO content: 15-20%, PO content: 75-85%, available from Jurong Ningwu New Material Company;
[0048] NJ42k: EO-terminated PPG polyether polyol, low viscosity of 800-1200, Mn: 4000, functionality: 3, EO content: 60-80%, PO content: 20-40%, available from Jurong Ningwu New Material Company;
[0049] Glycerol: purity 99.5%, a crosslinker / wetting agent, available from Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI;
[0050] Triethanol amine: purity 99%, a crosslinker / wetting agent / catalyst, available from Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI;
[0051] Distilled water: a foaming agent;
[0052] DABCO 33LV: 1, 4 diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane solution (tertiary amine catalyst) , available from Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany;
[0053] DABCO BL-11: tertiary amine catalyst, available from Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany;
[0054] TEGOSTAB B 8715 LF 2: organo-modified polysiloxane, a surfactant, available from Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany;
[0055] PM200: Polymerized MDI, having a functionality of 2.7, available from Wanhua Chemical Company; pure MDI: available from Wanhua Chemical,
[0056] MDI50: available from Wanhua Chemical,
[0057] TDI-80: available from Wanhua Chemical.
[0058] Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3: preparation of polyurethane foaming material
[0059] A first component and a second component having the composition as defined below in Table 1 were prepared as below:
[0060] At least one liquid polyether polyol is added and mixed in a mixer at a speed of 25 to 30rpm, and then mixed with glycerol and triethanol amine at a speed of 600 to 800rpm for about 15 to 20 minutes. Afterwards, distilled water, a tertiary amine catalyst and a surfactant are added and mixed with the content in the mixer for about 30 minutes, to form the first component.
[0061] Liquid isocyanate compounds are added and mixed in a mixer at a speed of 25 to 30rpm for 15 to 20 minutes, to form the second component.
[0062] The first component and the second component are then mixed at a defined weight ratio in a mixing container, to obtain the polyurethane foaming material.
[0063] Example 5: Manufacturing of a tire
[0064] Firstly, the inner wall of a tire ( “Hankook” brand, H452 215 / 60 R6 95V) is cleaned, and the tire is chucked into a machine for rotation. The machine can be set to rotate the tire at a defined speed and at a defined angle with horizontal plane as shown in Table 2.
[0065] When the tire reaches the defined rotation speed, the polyurethane foaming material prepared according to the above Example1 in a high-pressure foaming machine was injected into the cavity of the rotating tire through the dispensing head of the high-pressure foaming machine. After 3-10 minutes, the rotation is stopped and the tire is removed.
[0066] The tires thus manufactured are subjected to sound absorption test, and compared to a control tire that is identical apart from the absence of PU foam in the cavity of the control tire.
[0067] The following test methods were employed in the Examples:
[0068] Viscosity:
[0069] The viscosity was measured using a Brookfield viscometer DV2TRV with a RV-3 spindle at a speed of 30rpm and a temperature of 25℃.
[0070] Density of Foam:
[0071] The density is calculated by using the formula ρ=m / v.
[0072] Adhesion of PU foam to the tire:
[0073] The adhesion of PU foam to the tire is determined according to GB / T 7124-2008. Specifically, the tire was sectioned, and the formed PU foam was separated from the tire. Failure form of CF indicates that the adhesion of the foam to the tire is good. Failure form of AF indicates that the adhesion is poor. Failure foam of partial CF indicates that the adhesion is average.
[0074] Sound absorption test:
[0075] The sound absorbing performance of the PU foam in the tire is determined by standing wave tube technique according to ASTM E1050 in the frequency range of 20-2000Hz.
[0076] Table 1:
[0077] Table 2:
[0078] As can be seen from the results of the above tables, by preparing the polyurethane foaming material having the composition according to the invention and introducing it into a rotating tire which rotates at a relative high speed as defined in the invention, it is possible to significantly reduce the cavity noise of the manufactured tire, and the foam thus produced in-situ in the tire also exhibits excellent adhesion to the inner wall of the tire. Thus, with the process according to the invention, tires with reduced cavity noise can be manufactured in great efficiency and reduced complexity and cost.
Claims
1.A process for manufacturing a tire with reduced cavity noise, comprising the steps of:injecting a polyurethane foaming material into cavity of a rotating tire which rotates at a speed of 100-500rpm, to distribute the material centrifugally along the inner wall of the tire, andfoaming and curing the polyurethane foaming material, to form a PU foam as a sound absorbing member disposed along the inner wall of the tire,the polyurethane foaming material is prepared by mixing a first component comprising at least one polyether polyol and a foaming agent, and a second component comprising a diisocyanate compound, wherein the diisocyanate compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of 4, 4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pure MDI) , polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (polymeric MDI) , MDI50, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) , and any combination thereof.2.The process according to claim 1, wherein the diisocyanate compound comprises 20-40wt. %of polymeric MDI, 10-40wt. %of pure MDI, 10-40wt. %of MDI50 and 0-40wt. %of TDI, based on the total weight of the diisocyanate compound.3.The process according to claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol comprises at least one EO-terminated polyether polyol containing 70-90%of PO and 10-30%of EO.4.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the foaming agent is water.5.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first component further comprises an auxiliary agent selected from a foaming catalyst, a crosslinker, a surfactant, or any combination thereof.6.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first component further comprises a foaming catalyst in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight, and a crosslinker in an amount of 0.3-1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the first component.7.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotating tire rotates at a constant speed of 100-500rpm, preferably 100-300rpm when the polyurethane foaming material is injected into the cavity of the tire.8.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotating tire rotates at a speed gradually increasing from 100-150rpm at a rate of 10rpm / 10s to 200-300rpm when the polyurethane foaming material is injected into the cavity of the tire.9.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotating tire rotates at an angle of 90 to 180 degree with horizontal plane.10.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the PU foam has a density of 0.03 to 0.1 g / cm3.11.A tire manufactured by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
Citation Information
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