A polyurethane system
A liquid polyurea sealant with aliphatic polyisocyanate and polyamine components addresses bonding and moisture protection issues in complex structures, offering superior sealing performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/071586
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Current sealing solutions, such as tapes and liquid sealants, suffer from weak bonding strength to various substrates, fail to fill complex joint structures completely, and lack adequate air and moisture protection, which is critical for energy-efficient buildings.
A liquid polyurea sealant comprising an aliphatic polyisocyanate and a polyamine component, which provides high adhesion strength, easy application to complex structures, and excellent air and moisture protection, achieved through the use of high molecular weight polyether amines and high ethylene oxide content polyols.
The sealant exhibits superior bonding strength, easy application, and long-lasting airtightness with enhanced water vapor permeability, ensuring effective sealing in complex construction environments.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024071586-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024071586-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024071586-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
A Polyurethane System
[0001] Cross Reference to other applications
[0002] None
[0003] Background to the invention
[0004] Sealing tape is a versatile and indispensable tool in numerous industries from plumbing and construction to automotive and manufacturing. It can play a crucial role in ensuring leak-proof and secure connections.
[0005] There are a number of different types of sealing tape. For example, butyl sealing tape, silicone sealing tape, silicone self-adhesive tape, caulk strip tape, and thread sealant tape.
[0006] However, currently available membrane or tape solutions often have weak bonding strength to different substrates. Additionally, most commercially available tapes only provide a physical cover. This can make it hard to fill all gaps, especially when the joint structure is complicated. Failure to fill all gaps results in a joint that is not completely sealed to air and / or moisture.
[0007] Additionally, current liquid sealant systems don’ t show the required water permeability or bonding strength performance and often have poor adhesion to different substrates.
[0008] The provision of good joint sealing solutions is increasingly important since passive or near zero energy consumption buildings are becoming more popular due to increasing energy costs and the need to limit emissions.
[0009] Object of the Invention
[0010] There is therefore a need to provide a sealing solution that has high adhesion strength, is easy to apply to complicated structures, and provides good air and moisture protection.
[0011] Disclosure of the Invention
[0012] The present invention will be described with respect to particular aspects and embodiments.
[0013] It is to be noticed that the term “comprising” , used in the claims, should not be interpreted as being restricted to the means listed thereafter; it does not exclude other elements or steps. It is thus to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, steps or components as referred to, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps or components, or groups thereof. Thus, the scope of the expression “acompound comprising components X and Y” should not be limited to compounds consisting only of components X and Y. It means that with respect to the present invention, the only relevant components of the compound are X and Y.
[0014] Throughout this specification, reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” are made. Such references indicate that a particular feature, described in relation to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, though they could. Furthermore, the particular features or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0015] It is to be understood that although preferred embodiments and / or materials have been discussed for providing embodiments according to the present invention, various modifications or changes may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention.
[0016] The terms “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0017] Where substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemical formula, written from left to right, they equally encompass the chemically identical substituents that would result from writing the structure from right to left, for example, -CH2O-is equivalent to -OCH2-.
[0018] The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
[0019] Throughout this disclosure, the term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the quantifying device, mechanism, or method, or the inherent variation that exists among the subject (s) to be measured. For example, but not by way of limitation, when the term “about” is used, the designated value to which it refers may vary by plus or minus ten percent, or nine percent, or eight percent, or seven percent, or six percent, or five percent, or four percent, or three percent, or two percent, or one percent, or one or more fractions therebetween.
[0020] The phrases “or combinations thereof” and “and combinations thereof” as used herein refers to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term. For example, “A, B, C, or combinations thereof” is intended to include at least one of: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC and, if order is important in a particular context, also BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB. Continuing with this example, expressly included are combinations that contain repeats of one or more items or terms such as BB, AAA, CC, AABB, AACC, ABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABBB, and so forth. The skilled artisan will understand that typically there is no limit on the number of items or terms in any combination, unless otherwise apparent from the context. In the same light, the terms “or combinations thereof” and “and combinations thereof” when used with the phrases “selected from” or “selected from the group consisting of” refers to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the phrase.
[0021] Unless otherwise stated the term “a” or “an” is used to indicate one or more.
[0022] All references cited in the present specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In particular, the teachings of all references herein specifically referred to are incorporated by reference.
[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.
[0024] Throughout this application, different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous. Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed for illustrative purpose, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions or substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
[0025] In a first aspect the invention relates to a liquid polyurea sealant for sealing a space between a first exterior construction element and a second exterior construction element, the liquid polyurea sealant comprising:
[0026] a) a polyisocyanate component comprising an aliphatic polyisocyanate; and
[0027] b) a polyisocyanate reactive component comprising a polyamine.
[0028] The polyurethane sealant described above is a reactive system that has excellent bonding strength to a wide range of different substrates. Since it is a liquid based system, it is also easy to operate compared to membrane or tape-based systems. Furthermore, since the system is a liquid based system, it shows good fluidity which can easily fill all the gaps between the construction elements regardless of the complexity of the structure. The system also provides consistent and long-lasting airtightness performance and good water permeability and often better than the water permeability of standard or sealant tapes.
[0029] An aliphatic polyisocyanate is used since this is a low reactivity of polyurea system. High molecular weight (Mw) , low functionality polyether amines and high ethylene oxide (EO) content of polyols are used to incease the water vapour permeability. If an aromatic polyisocyanate is used the physical properties of the sealant are often inappropriate. For example, the tensile strength and elongation at break values may be too low.
[0030] As used herein, the term “construction element” is intended to refer to any element suitable for use in construction.
[0031] The term “aliphatic” is intended to take its usual meaning in the art. That is, relating to or denoting organic compounds in which carbon atoms form open chains (as in the alkanes) , not aromatic rings.
[0032] A polyisocyanate is any compound comprising multiple isocyanate (-N=C=O) groups.
[0033] In some embodiments, the sealant comprises at least about 50%, preferably from about 50%to about 80%by weight of an aliphatic polyisocyanate, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate component.
[0034] When the amount of aliphatic polyisocyanate is in the range described above, the moisture permeability and operating time of the liquid sealant are in the desired range.
[0035] In some embodiments, the sealant comprises at least about 30%, for example between about 30%and about 70%, preferably between about 40%and about 60 %by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate reactive component, of a polyamine.
[0036] In some embodiments, the liquid polyurethane sealant has a water permeability (Sd value) of about 0.5 meters to about 2.0 meter, preferably about 0.5 meters to about 1.0 meters at 23℃ and 90%relative humidity. The Sd value, sometimes referred to as the μ-value, is a measure of the resistance to the movement of water vapour, when compared to the resistance of a meter of air. It can be measured by any method known to the skilled person. Sd values can be calculated using the water vapor permeability rate. Water vapor permeability is a measure of the passage of water vapor through a material. It is also known as water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) which is basically the mass of water vapor that is transmitted through a measured area in a specific unit of time under specified conditions of temperature and humidity. In some embodiments, the WVTR can be measured by the Cup method. The Cup method is the method used to test water vapor permeability independently based on a simple and perspicuous principle. Briefly, a cup is filled either with a solid desiccant material or with distilled water leaving a small air space between them and the membrane. The sample of the porous material that needs to be tested is properly sealed to the edge of the cup to prevent side diffusion. The initial weight of the cup is taken and then the cup is placed in an environmental chamber where the air temperature and relative humidity are continuously measured. The test cup is then weighed periodically.
[0037] In some embodiments, the aliphatic polyisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetraalkyl xylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate, 1, 4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1, 3-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1, 4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4, 4′-dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate, 2, 2′-dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate, 2, 4′-dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate, hydrogenated 4, 4′-diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane (MDI) and a mixture thereof. Preferably, the aliphatic polyisocyanate comprises isophorone diisocyanate and hydrogenated 4, 4′-diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane (MDI) .
[0038] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate component comprises a semi-prepolymer or a prepolymer formed from the reaction of the aliphatic polyisocyanate and a polyhydric polyol.
[0039] In some embodiments, the polyhydric polyol comprises a polyether polyol. For example, the polyether polyol may be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol-ethylene glycol copolymer, polytetramethylene glycol, polyhexamethylene glycol, polyheptamethylene glycol, polydecamethylene glycol and a mixture thereof.
[0040] In some embodiments, the polyamine comprises a polyoxyalkylene polyamine compound having the formula (I) below:
[0041] wherein Q′ is a polyvalent residue of an isocyanate-reactive hydrogen-containing compound used as an initiator after removal of at least one isocyanate reactive hydrogen, y′ is an integer of at least 2, each R′ is independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl and x’ is an integer of at least 1.
[0042] In some embodiments, each R’ group is independently selected from hydrogen or methyl, y’ is an integer of 2 to 8 and x’ is an integer of 1 to 40.
[0043] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate reactive component further comprises at least one of a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycarbonate polyol, chain extender and a polycaprolactone polyol.
[0044] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate further comprises a filler. Suitable examples of fillers include but are not limited to CaCO3, BaSO4, fumed Silica, a thixotropic agent such as hydrogenated castor oil, a defoamer, a wetting agent, a catalyst, a plasticizer, a silane coupling agent, a pigment and combinations thereof.
[0045] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate component comprises from about 0 to about 60 wt%, preferably from 20 to about 50 wt%of filler based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate component.
[0046] The inclusion of a filler can improve the physical properties of the liquid polyurea sealant and the resultant cured sealant.
[0047] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate reactive component comprises from about 0 to about 80 wt%, preferably from about 30 to 70 wt%of filler based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate reactive component.
[0048] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate reactive composition further comprises at least one of a thixotropic agent, a defoamer, a wetting agent, a catalyst, a plasticizer, a silane coupling agent and a pigment.
[0049] In some embodiments, the liquid polyurea sealant has an elongation at break of above about 400%, preferably about 400%to about 600%. Elongation at break is the measure of a materials ductility. This measurement shows how much a material can be stretched, as a percentage of its original dimensions, before it breaks. It indicates the ability of a material to undergo significant deformation before failure. Elongation at break can be measured using any method known to the skilled person.
[0050] In some embodiments, the liquid polyurea sealant has a tensile strength above about 5 MPa, preferably about 6 MPa to about 10 MPa. A high tensile strength is important for a material that is going to be stretched or under tension. Tensile strength can be measured by any method known to those in skilled in the art. For example, a film may be prepared and cured at 23℃ and 50%R. H. for 7 days. The film can then be cut into specified dumbbell-shaped pieces as G / T 328.9 or BS EN ISO 1421: 2016 required. A test piece is extended at a constant rate of extension until it breaks. The maximum force and the elongation at break are recorded.
[0051] In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for sealing a space between a first exterior construction element and a second exterior construction element comprising:
[0052] filling the space with the liquid polyurea sealant described above; and
[0053] allowing the polyisocyanate component and the polyisocyanate reactive component to form a cured material by allowing a reaction between the first polyisocyanate component and the polyisocyanate reactive component to proceed.
[0054] In a further aspect, the invention provides for a sealed structural assembly produced according to the method described above.
[0055] In an embodiment, the first exterior construction element and second exterior construction element each comprise a building panel. For example, the building panel may comprise engineered treated wood, wood, cement, fiber-cement, mortar, glass, brick, metal, stone, concrete, composites, foams, plastics or combinations thereof.
[0056] In an embodiment, the first exterior construction element comprises a window frame and the second exterior construction element comprises a window panel or a building panel.
[0057] In an aspect, the invention provides a liquid polyurea sealant for sealing a space between a first exterior construction element and a second exterior construction element, the liquid polyurea sealant comprising:
[0058] a) a polyisocyanate component comprising at least about 50%by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate component, of an aliphatic polyisocyanate; and
[0059] b) a polyisocyanate reactive component comprising at least about 30%by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate component, of a polyamine and
[0060] wherein the liquid polyurea sealant has an SD value of about 0.5 meters to about 1.0 meter, preferably about 0.7 meters to about 0.8 meters.
[0061] In some embodiments, the liquid polyurea sealant has an elongation at break of above about 400%, preferably about 400%-600%. Elongation at break is the measure of a materials ductility. This measurement shows how much a material can be stretched, as a percentage of its original dimensions, before it breaks. It indicates the ability of a material to undergo significant deformation before failure. Elongation at break can be measured using any method known to the skilled person.
[0062] In some embodiments, the liquid polyurea sealant has a tensile strength above about 5 MPa, preferably about 6 MPa to about 7MPa. A high tensile strength is important for a material that is going to be stretched or under tension. Tensile strength can be measured by any method known to those in skilled in the art. For example, a film may be prepared and cured at 23℃ and 50%R.H. for 7 days. The film can then be cut into specified dumbbell-shaped pieces as G / T 328.9 or BS EN ISO 1421: 2016 required. A test piece is extended at a constant rate of extension until it breaks. The maximum force and the elongation at break are recorded.
[0063] In some embodiments, the liquid polyurea sealant has a bonding strength of greater than about 0.6 kN / m. Bonding strength can be measured using any method known to the skilled person. For example, an adhesion-in-peel test may be used.
[0064] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate reactive component further comprises at least one of a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycarbonate polyol and a polycaprolactone polyol.
[0065] In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate reactive component further comprises at least one of a thixotropic agent, a defoamer, plasticizer, levelling agent, silane coupling agent, catalyst, thickener, water scavenger, pigment and combinations thereof.
[0066] In some embodiments, the additives are present in the polyisocyanate reactive component in an amount of from about 0 to about 15 parts per hundred, preferably from about 2 to about 10 parts per hundred.
[0067] In an aspect, there is provided a sealant system comprising:
[0068] a) a liquid polyurethane sealant as described above; and
[0069] b) a liquid polyurea sealant for sealing a space between a first interior construction element and an interior construction element, the liquid polyurea sealant comprising:
[0070] i) a polyisocyanate component comprising an aromatic polyisocyanate;
[0071] and
[0072] ii) a polyisocyanate reactive component comprising at least one of a polyether polyol and a hydrophobic polyol.Examples
[0073] More details and advantages will become obvious from the following examples.
[0074] Liquid urethane resins were prepared with the compositions described below in Table 1. The following components were used:
[0075] Prepolymers were prepared by adding isocyanate and isocyanate reactive components based on the designated ratio to the reactor then stirring and at 75℃ for 2 hours to get the final prepolymer resin.
[0076] The film was prepared by mixing the polyisocyanate component and the polyisocyanate reactive component in the designated ratio. The resultant mixture was then coated onto a plate to get a film of 0.6-1.0mm thickness. The film was stored for 7 days at 23℃ and 50%relative humidity. The film was then tested for physical performance.
[0077] The tensile strength (MPa) and Elongation (%) is tested using the GB / T 328.9 Test methods for building sheets for waterproofing-Part 9: Plastic and rubber sheets for waterproofing-tensile properties (method B) . Briefly, film was prepared and tested after curing at 23℃ and 50%R.H. for 7 days. The film was then cut into specified dumbbell-shaped pieces as G / T 328.9 or BS EN ISO 1421: 2016 required. A test piece was extended at a constant rate of extension until it broke. The maximum force and the elongation at break were recorded.
[0078] Bonding strength test to different substrates was tested using the method set out in GB / T 2790 Adhesives, 180° peel strength test method for a flexible-bonded-to-rigid test specimen assembly. Adhesion tests to different substrates were performed using the GB / T 2790 or EN ISO 8510-2 standards. Briefly, these comprise a 180° peel strength test method for a flexible-bonded-to-rigid test specimen assembly for adhesive. The polyisocyanate component and the polyisocyanate reactive component are mixed in the designated ratio to get a resin. The resin is then coated on the surface of the tested substrates at a thickness of around 0.8 to 1.0 mm. After 7 days curing at 23℃, the resin film part is peeled back form the substrates at 180° by a tension-testing machine to cause a cohesive or substrates failure.
[0079] Water vapour permeability (Sd) , was tested using the procedure set out in GB / T 17146 Test methods for water vapor transmission properties of building materials and products or BS EN ISO 12572: 2016 of Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products. As described above, the Cup method was used. A film at a thickness of 0.7-1.0mm is prepared by curing the resin at 23℃ and 50%relative humidity for 7 days. The water vapor flow rate of the specimens was tested at 23℃ and 90%humidity. Sd values were then calculated.
[0080] Performance values are shown in Table 2.
[0081] The results in Table 2 confirm that the liquid polyurea sealants according to the invention have excellent moisture permeability, appearance, strength, and adhesiveness.
Claims
1.A liquid polyurea sealant for sealing a space between a first exterior construction element and a second exterior construction element, the liquid polyurea sealant comprising:a) a polyisocyanate component comprising an aliphatic polyisocyanate; andb) a polyisocyanate reactive component comprising a polyamine.2.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 1, wherein the aliphatic polyisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetraalkyl xylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate, 1, 4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1, 3-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1, 4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4, 4′-dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate, 2, 2′-dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate, 2, 4′-dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate and a mixture thereof.3.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate component comprises a semi-prepolymer or a prepolymer formed from the reaction of the aliphatic polyisocyanate and a polyhydric polyol.4.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 3, wherein the polyhydric polyol comprises a polyether polyol.5.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 4, wherein the polyether polyol is selected from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol-ethylene glycol copolymer, polytetramethylene glycol, polyhexamethylene glycol, polyheptamethylene glycol, polydecamethylene glycol and a mixture thereof.6.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 1, wherein the polyamine comprises a polyoxyalkylene polyamine compound having the formula wherein Q′ is a polyvalent residue of an isocyanate-reactive hydrogen-containing compound used as an initiator after removal of at least one isocyanate reactive hydrogen, y′ is at least 2, each R′ is independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl and x’ is at least 1.7.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 6, wherein each R’ group is independently hydrogen or methyl, y’ is an integer of 2 to 8 and x’ is an integer of 1 to 40.8.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate reactive component further comprises at least one of a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycarbonate polyol, chain extender and a polycaprolactone polyol.9.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate further comprises a filler including CaCO3, BaSO4 and fumed Silica etc.10.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate reactive composition further comprises at least one of a thixotropic agent, a defoamer, a wetting agent, a catalyst, a plasticizer, a silane coupling agent and a pigment.11.A method for sealing a space between a first exterior construction element and a second exterior construction element comprising:filling the space with the liquid polyurea sealant of anyone of claims 1 to 10; andallowing the polyisocyanate component and the polyisocyanate reactive component to form a cured material by allowing a reaction between the first polyisocyanate component and the polyisocyanate reactive component to proceed.12.A sealed structural assembly produced according to the method of claim 11.13.The sealed structural assembly of claim 12, wherein the first exterior construction element and second exterior construction element each comprise a building panel.14.The sealed structural assembly of claim 13, wherein building panel comprises engineered treated wood, wood, cement, fiber-cement, glass, brick, metal, stone, concrete, composites, foams, plastics or combinations thereof.15.The sealed structural assembly of claim 12, wherein the first exterior construction element comprises a window frame and the second exterior construction element comprises a window pane or a building panel.16.A liquid polyurea sealant for sealing a space between a first exterior construction element and a second exterior construction element, the liquid polyurea sealant comprising:a) a polyisocyanate component comprising at least about 50%by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate component, of an aliphatic polyisocyanate; andb) a polyisocyanate reactive component comprising at least about 30%by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate component, of a polyamine andwherein the liquid polyurea sealant has an SD value of about 0.5 meters to 2.0 meters.17.The liquid polyurea sealant material of claim 16, wherein the liquid polyurea sealant has at least one of an elongation of above about 400%, a tensile strength above about 5 MPa and a bonding strength of greater than about 0.6 kN / m.18.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 17, wherein the polyisocyanate reactive component further comprises at least one of a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycarbonate polyol and a polycaprolactone polyol.19.The liquid polyurea sealant of claim 16, wherein the polyisocyanate reactive component further comprises at least one of a thixotropic agent, a defoamer and a pigment.
Citation Information
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