Method and system for detecting user behavior and external environment change by using capacitive sensing principle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and system for detecting a user behavior and an external environment change by using a capacitive sensing principle. The system comprises: at least one article; at least one conductive region, which is arranged on the article or a body; and a circuit for providing a signal, wherein a capacitive sensor is provided between the at least one conductive region of the article and the body, or between the at least one conductive region of the article and another article, or between the at least one conductive region of the article and an environment, such that a physiological change and posture change of the body, the interaction between the body and the article or environment, and a change between the article and another article or environment are detected, thereby detecting a user behavior and a change in the external environment, and capturing the activity of an individual and a related interactive article or capturing a change in the surrounding environment of the individual or the article.

Description

Method and system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using capacitance sensing principle Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using capacitance sensing principles. Background Art

[0002] From birth to old age, people interact with objects every day. Therefore, we leverage capacitive sensing between objects and people, or between objects and objects, to detect and analyze user behavior and changes in the external environment. We leverage the principles of a method and system for generating physiological signals using a fabric capacitive sensor, previously described in Chinese patent CN102300499B, to further analyze and detect the user's physiological parameters using the data generated by capacitive sensing between objects and people. This can be used to measure breathing, swallowing, coughing, posture, sweating, heartbeat, pulse, and body temperature. Changes in the dielectric constant caused by changes in capacitance between the conductive fabric and the skin can also be used to detect sweating, wounds, perspiration, and the application of medication or makeup. In addition, there is also the use of U.S. patent US20200107779A1, which uses multifunctional fabric sensing systems, methods, and objects in which human skin has electrodes and transmission lines to interact with the outside world. We are now using it to detect changes in capacitance with objects or the environment. At the same time, in the U.S. patent US8961439B2, a system and method for using fabric sensing to analyze gait is also used. The pressure sensor of the socks is used to detect gait. The pressure sensor here is now capacitive sensing. At the same time, the U.S. patent US11311197B2 is also used to monitor physiological functions and posture products. Products, methods and systems, here there are buttons to connect the information of the materials separated on both sides, such as the connection between clothes and pants, so that the controller can be set only on the clothes. This patent also measures posture and physiological information. This patent is based on the use of capacitive sensing. U.S. Patent US11253203B2 is used to detect the object, method and system for detecting heartbeat or whether the electrodes are in correct contact. This patent says that the capacitance value between the two electrode sheets is 10nF and the electrocardiogram can be measured. In this way, the system can be switched under capacitive sensing to measure electrocardiogram, electromyogram, body fat, brain waves and breathing. Using these items to measure the user's capacitance change data can more easily and accurately detect the user's behavior and external environment changes. The present invention measures the resonant frequency caused by the interaction between the object's electrodes and the human body to measure the "changes" caused by the human body's "activity" to detect and analyze behavior. It also uses the capacitance sensing between the object's electrodes and the environment to analyze the user's behavior pattern. Capacitive sensing can be used to create a database. The objects referred to in this invention include items that come into contact with the human body, such as clothing, hats, pants, masks, socks, shoes, bed sheets, pillows, gloves, glasses, watches, bracelets, backpacks, purses, suitcases, baskets, handbags, skis, skates, surfboards, sports equipment, toothbrushes, cigarettes, pens, computers, cell phones, cars, balls, tires, steering wheels, crutches, tablecloths, chairs, carpets, slippers, insoles, seat belts, and man-made products, including robots, prosthetic limbs, artificial eyes, and artificial ears. We interact with these objects in our daily lives, so we can generate a database based on the data from these interactions.

[0003] Three key behavioral models: 1. Data science is dedicated to obtaining raw data from capacitance; 2. Identifying actions and activities from raw data; 3. Establishing and tracking healthy behavior patterns to build a healthy behavior guidance platform.

[0004] Capacitive sensing between objects and people can complete the analysis and management of users' behavior patterns. The present invention can more completely detect and analyze behavior patterns and process them by sensing the capacitive sensing data obtained by different objects at the same time. For example, clothes with controllers can detect posture changes, and the controller on the chair can also detect the posture of the human body. This can make the behavior pattern analysis more accurate and also obtain more information, such as the weight of the person sitting on the chair, whether the person is leaning against the backrest, whether the person is wearing a seat belt when driving, and whether the breathing waveform measured by the seat belt is the same as the breathing waveform measured by the clothes? Are the hands on the armrests of the chair? Is the buttocks sitting upright or with the legs crossed? Is the person sitting in the middle of the chair or on the side? Is the time of sitting down the same? Is the head resting on the headrest? Are the hands holding the steering wheel? In this way, the sensing capacitors on the elbows and arms on the clothes can be used for correction at the same time. In addition, are the seat belts on the pants fastened? Are the feet on the pedals, or on the accelerator or brake pedal? Are the hands opening or closing the car door? Are the left and right adjustments and the rearview mirror inside the car adjusted? All of this can be compared with the sensing capacitors of the clothes, shoes, socks, and pants. In other words, the capacitive sensing system in the car and the sensing of the body's clothes, socks, and shoes can be used together to analyze the user's behavior patterns.

[0005] Furthermore, conductive electrodes and transmission lines on the skin can generate capacitive sensing with external objects. This data can be used to measure behavioral patterns and analyze and process them. Especially when the electrodes are on the skin, this can be used to calibrate the behavioral database between objects and people. The skin transmission lines can transmit the sensing data to an external processor or mobile phone. There is also capacitive sensing between different people and objects. For example, when two people interact, if one person puts their hand around their waist or shoulder, the capacitance sensing value between their clothing will be different. Furthermore, when two people are close together, the clothing will also have a capacitive sensing effect, thus measuring their interaction and gaining further behavioral pattern analysis and processing. Similarly, when sleeping in a bed, the bed's sensing can be compared with the capacitive sensing of pajamas, and the database can be calibrated against each other. This can also be used when sleeping without clothes or pants.

[0006] Another example is the conductive material on a user's items, which doesn't have a capacitive induction relationship with the user, but rather with other objects or the environment. The most important thing is the sole of the shoe. The key is the capacitive induction between the sole and the ground or a ball. In other words, while connected to the human body, there's no capacitive induction between the sole and the ground. This item has a conductive area, allowing for capacitive induction between the sole and another object. For example, a shoe sole has two parallel conductive areas. This allows for gait analysis. Different surface materials can also cause different capacitance changes, revealing the surface material. Another example involves interacting with a soccer ball. Using the same principle, we can detect where on the sole or upper of the shoe makes contact with the ball and exerts force. Similarly, when a person is in a car, motorcycle, or bicycle, the wheel acts as a shoe, and the ground has conductive areas. This allows us to detect whether the user has walked on it. For example, multiple conductive areas on a home floor or carpet can indicate whether the user has walked on it, whether they are wearing shoes, socks, or nothing. Similarly, conductive areas can be found on the street, in offices, and in department stores. The object that the user touches is the floor, road, grass or carpet.

[0007] In these situations, changes in temperature, pressure, material, or humidity between objects and people, or between objects themselves, will all produce capacitance changes. This allows us to detect changes in the human body and the environment, such as differences in air conditioning versus sunlight. In short, capacitive sensing can be used to detect changes in capacitance, whether on conductive areas of objects in contact with the human body or between non-contacting objects and non-contacting objects. This raw data can then be used to identify movements and activities. The next step is to establish and track healthy behavior patterns, thus building a healthy behavior guidance platform.

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention aims to build upon the previous U.S. patent principle US20130066168A1 and utilize capacitive sensing principles to provide a new method and system for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment by generating physiological signals using a fabric capacitive sensor.

[0010] The items here include: conductive electrodes directly on the skin; items in direct or indirect contact with the skin, which have capacitive sensing functions with the human body; items worn on the user, but have no capacitive sensing functions with the skin, but have capacitive sensing functions with the outside world; items are not wearable devices, but independent of the person, and there is capacitive sensing between the electrodes of the item and wearable items or skin on the human body. The item can also have capacitive sensing with other items unrelated to the person, and movement patterns can also be known; the interaction between people produces capacitance changes; and finally, there is capacitive sensing with electrode areas on the floor or carpet.

[0011] This patented behavioral informatics (BI) involves the study of behavioral intelligence and insights through the use of capacitance information. It also integrates science and technology by leveraging data from capacitance changes between objects and people, objects and other objects, or objects and their environment. The goal is to analyze current behavior and infer possible future behavior through pattern recognition. Utilizing this capacitance change data, behavioral science analysis can encompass behavioral modeling, applied behavior analysis, behavioral economics, and organizational behavior. In artificial intelligence (AI), behavioral modeling uses capacitance information to generate behavior selection algorithms, or action selection algorithms, that select appropriate behaviors or actions for one or more intelligent agents. In gaming AI, this algorithm selects behaviors or actions for one or more non-player characters. Common behavior selection algorithms include: 1. Finite state machine; 2. Hierarchical finite state machine; 3. Decision tree; 4. Behavior tree; 5. Hierarchical task network; 6. Hierarchical control system; 7. Utility system; 8. Dialogue tree (used to select what to say).

[0012] Applied behavior analysis focuses on developing procedures that produce observable behavioral changes.

[0013] We emphasize that behavioral analysis includes both causes and consequences, which are carried out using information obtained from capacitance changes.

[0014] Behavioral analysis is a method and system used to understand human and other human and animal behavior. Behavioral economics studies the influence of psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural, and social factors on individual decision-making. Organizational behavior refers to the differences between individual behavior in organizational roles and behavior outside of them, with the primary goal of promoting better organizational life. Our objectives include the formation, representation, computational modeling, analysis, learning, simulation of individual and group behavior, and understanding of behavioral impact, utility, and non-occurrence for behavioral intervention and management.

[0015] These results are based on the analysis of capacitance change data between objects and people, objects and the environment, or objects and objects. The overall system generates capacitance sensing changes through the interaction between objects on the user's body, nearby objects, and the environment to collect information about objects, the environment, and the user's activities, and to capture individual activities or changes in the individual's surroundings. These capacitance signals are transmitted to a computer system that executes a learning program. The learning program constructs a model of personalized behavior and external environmental conditions, and further develops one or more customized multi-dimensional predictive models. The multi-dimensional predictive models are used to predict possible future behaviors and provide notifications of predicted unsafe or unexpected consequences.

[0016] As shown in Figure 1, for example, before a workout, stretching your muscles throughout your body can be done dynamically to activate them. This can also calibrate the existing database of standard relationships between objects (e.g., clothing, pants, socks, shoes) and people. By making some adjustments, behavioral detection between wearable objects and people can begin. The ball structure shown in Figure 1 is merely schematic; it can be adapted to a car, where objects include the steering wheel, seats, brakes, gas, and gear shift. For a dining table, objects include the table, chairs, and cutlery. Sleeping objects include a bed, pillow, and quilt. First, let's explain the characteristics of capacitive sensing. When hands come into contact with conductive areas of clothing, such as the chest or abdomen, the capacitance sensed by the chest and abdomen increases. When both hands touch the clothing, the capacitance increases, and as the force applied by both hands increases, the capacitance also increases. Tapping the electrode area of ​​clothing with one hand can be used as sign language. Furthermore, when a person or object touches the user, the electrodes on the user's clothing or skin will produce corresponding capacitance changes. This can be used to analyze and process behavioral patterns of the user or other objects.

[0017] In addition, if the capacitance value of a certain part of the body measured by the object increases under the same body conditions, but the capacitance value of the object in other parts does not change, it means that the humidity or temperature of a certain part of the body increases. However, if the sensing capacitance value of the object in all parts of the body increases or decreases, this means that the temperature or humidity of the body or environment has changed. At this time, as long as there is capacitance sensing of objects that are not between the person to distinguish, the conductive capacitance value of non-contact objects such as soles, uppers, balls, and the outer surface of helmets increases or decreases, this indicates a change in the environment rather than a change in the body. In this way, we can know the relationship between the change in capacitance value between the body and objects at different temperatures and humidity and the change in capacitance when the body and objects are subjected to force.

[0018] For example, if a person's weight is fixed and they wear socks inside shoes, the capacitance of the conductive area on the sole of the sock will increase due to the confined space. This increase is caused by changes in foot temperature and humidity. In particular, an increase in capacitance after remaining constant indicates humidity changes during movement inside the shoe. This allows for simultaneous gait analysis and humidity changes, as foot temperature is unlikely to fluctuate. Therefore, during exercise, we can not only detect capacitance changes at the joints, but also gain more information to understand behavioral patterns. Stretching is recommended after every workout. Stretching can lengthen tight muscles, increase elasticity for better mobility, and improve joint mobility, all of which can reduce the risk of subsequent injury. This allows for further calibration of the database of items such as clothing, pants, socks, and shoes.

[0019] While performing these tasks, the location, duration, and force of contact between our hands and feet and the body can be recorded. This allows for database corrections and subsequent behavioral pattern analysis and processing. We typically use conductive fabric in contact with the skin as a reference ground. Anything stable and capable of direct contact with the skin during movement without separation is sufficient, such as a metal button. Using conductive fabric as a reference ground around the waistband of pants creates a larger surface area. Without clothing as a barrier, all sensing points on the body can be detected. While the reference ground is stable, if clothing is worn inside the pants, the reference ground is no longer in direct contact with the skin. Changes in the sensing points will therefore include changes in the reference ground. This necessitates a large surface area of ​​conductive material as the reference ground, as the reference ground electrode is not in contact with the skin. For example, when standing still with the knees, the reading at the knee is 200 pF. However, with clothing worn inside the pants, the reading is 166-175 pF. This is due to changes in the waistband reference ground caused by breathing. This is especially true if the conductive fabric reference ground is only at the back half of the waistband, rather than all around the waistband. The measured result is 97-100pf. This change is caused by breathing. Because breathing is mainly in the front abdomen, there is no much change in the back, so we can find it relatively stable.

[0020] Therefore, the reference ground electrode must be located in a place that doesn't move during exercise, such as the back, waist, thighs, and calves. Socks can also be used as reference grounds, and a conductive material wrapped around the neck can also serve as a reference ground. These reference grounds must ensure contact with the skin. Otherwise, the reference ground should be located in a place that doesn't move during exercise and has stable contact with the skin, such as the back, lower back, front of the calves, and insteps. Another method is to set up many points on clothes and pants as reference grounds, such as on the left and right thighs. Lifting the left leg will touch the skin, and lifting the right leg will also touch the skin. The same effect applies to the left and right arms. In this way, the time that the skin is not in contact with the reference ground will become very short. For example, when sitting or lying on a chair, we can use the buttocks as a reference ground, and when lying on the bed, we can use the back as a reference ground. In addition, there can be a reference ground in contact with the skin at each sensing point. For example, there is a reference ground on the elbow. Therefore, when the elbow is bent, the value of the elbow bending will be generated. At the same time, the values ​​of other sensing areas will be very stable because the reference ground is in contact with the skin. When the elbow is not bent, as long as the conductive materials on the thighs, neck, and shoulders are in contact with the skin, a continuous whole-body movement posture can be obtained, and in this case, the behavior pattern can be analyzed and processed.

[0021] Similarly, when sitting in a chair, the buttocks, not touching the skin, serves as the reference ground, thus maximizing its area. When both hands are still gripping the steering wheel, changes in the measured hand capacitance reflect the movement of the buttocks. For example, when a foot is accelerating or braking, this translates to changes in the buttocks because the reference ground is separated by a material rather than directly touching the skin. This positional change can generate noise at other sensing points. We can filter out this noise while still obtaining the reference ground signal, representing the movement of the buttocks. If a different reference point is needed, the processor can be used to switch to the new reference point. Therefore, switching the reference ground produces a better and more stable signal. This means that the circuit design allows for switching the reference ground position. In addition, the sensing electrodes that do not contact the skin must be completely in contact with the body, otherwise non-linearity problems will occur. For example, when the knee is standing straight, the capacitance is 350pF, but it becomes smaller when bent because the conductive fabric is twisted and not completely in contact with the knee, so 320pF will be generated. Only when it is bent 30 degrees will 350pF be obtained, and then there will be no problem. As the bending angle increases, the capacitance value also increases synchronously. Therefore, if there was no problem before and a non-linear effect suddenly occurs, this means that the fabric of the sensing electrode that does not contact the skin is not in perfect contact with the skin. The user can adjust it to see if it is worn in an irregular position, or if the fabric in the sensing area has degraded, the body has become smaller, or there is something on the skin.

[0022] For example, in wristbands, this information is recorded in a database, allowing users to understand the cause of the problem the next time it occurs. This allows for more comprehensive behavioral pattern analysis and processing. Capacitive sensing can detect the distance between objects and people or other objects, but only to within approximately 10 centimeters. Therefore, electrodes on objects and skin can be augmented with inductance to detect the distance between objects and people, and between objects and other objects, allowing detection to as close as 20 centimeters. Furthermore, 9-axis accelerometers, cameras, and GPS positioning systems can be used to enhance the ability to detect behavioral and environmental changes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 shows the abdominal respiratory signal waveforms for supine, right side, and left side positions.

[0025] Figure 3 shows the comparison of chest and abdominal respiratory signal waveforms in the supine, right side, and left side positions.

[0026] Figure 4 shows a signal waveform showing that when wearing sportswear, the clothing fits tightly against the body, resulting in a larger breathing sensing capacitance value.

[0027] FIG5 is a signal waveform diagram showing the increase in capacitance of the breathing sensing capacitor as the user sweats due to exercise.

[0028] Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the appearance of multi-point capacitive smart clothing.

[0029] Figure 7: This is a waveform diagram of the elbow movements. Here we can see the results of the left and right elbow measurements. The waveforms are the same but the values ​​are different, which means that the left and right hands have different degrees of force or the hands are different in thickness.

[0030] Figure 8: This is a waveform diagram of the movement of both knees. Here we can see that in addition to the different forces used by the left and right knees during movement, the duration of the forces used is also different. The waveform on one side is wider, indicating that the bending time is longer.

[0031] Figure 9: is a waveform diagram of double hip movement.

[0032] Figure 10: Waveform diagram of arm and hip movements.

[0033] Figure 11: Waveform diagram of arm and knee movements.

[0034] Figure 12: This is the waveform diagram of the stepping pants movement. Here you can see that the stepping time of the left and right feet is different because the time when the waveform is the largest is different.

[0035] Figure 13: Synchronized chest and abdominal waveforms obtained when young adults were tested walking at different speeds.

[0036] Figure 14: The measurements show fairly high agreement, with a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.989.

[0037] Figure 15: is a waveform diagram of walking state.

[0038] Figure 16: This is a waveform diagram of the running state. Here we can see that when walking, the force values ​​of the left and right feet when landing are different, but when running, the waveforms and values ​​of the left and right feet are similar. This means that the wearer has a problem with his balance when walking and will lean to one side. Whether the sole has been deformed and affected should be checked. Therefore, the status of the item can also be verified.

[0039] Figure 17: Waveform diagram of the external conductive electrode on the insole.

[0040] Figure 18: This is a waveform diagram of the two arms swinging back and forth.

[0041] Figure 19: This is a waveform diagram of the two thighs swinging back and forth.

[0042] Figure 20: Circuit design diagram.

[0043] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings. References to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," "some embodiments," etc. indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it is considered within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to affect that feature, structure, or characteristic in relation to other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.

[0045] As used herein, the term "invention" or "present invention" is a non-limiting term and is not intended to refer to any single embodiment of a particular invention, but rather encompasses all possible embodiments described in this application.

[0046] To further illustrate the technical means and effects employed by the present invention to achieve its intended objectives, the clothing electronics product and method proposed herein are described in detail, supplemented by accompanying drawings and relatively preferred embodiments. Specific implementation methods, methods, procedures, structures, features, and effects are as follows.

[0047] A preferred embodiment is listed below. Please refer to the figures, which are diagrams showing the method and system of the present invention using the capacitive sensing principle to detect user behavior and external environmental changes. The method and system include: at least one object; at least one conductive area disposed on the object or body; and a circuit that provides a signal.

[0048] A capacitive sensor is generated between at least one conductive area of ​​the article and the body, other articles, or the environment, or between a conductive area of ​​the body and an article or the environment. A charging or discharging circuit is formed by connecting a resistor R, a capacitor C, an inductor L, an operational amplifier, a diode, a Schmitt trigger, a CMOS, a transistor, or an IC in series or in parallel with the capacitive sensor to change the frequency, period, voltage, or current signal range.

[0049] When there is a change in dielectric constant, distance, pressure, tension, torsion, or tension between an object and the body, between objects, between an object and the external environment, or between body electrodes and an object, or between body electrodes and the environment; or when there is a change in force or dielectric constant between an object and the body, between objects and objects, or between an object and the environment, or between body electrodes and an object, or between the environment, the capacitance value will change. The signal circuit sends a signal indicating the capacitance change, and the system receives and measures the capacitance change, where the change is expressed as a frequency, period, voltage, or current change. In addition, based on the capacitance change, physiological changes in the body, posture changes, interactions between the body and objects or the environment, or medium changes, and changes between objects and other objects or the environment can be measured to detect changes in user behavior and the external environment, capture the activities of individuals and related interactive objects, or capture changes in the surrounding environment of individuals or objects.

[0050] A paper titled "A smart capacitive sensing garment can detect respiratory signals in various situations" was presented at ICCE 2024. The article explains that wearable capacitive sensing garments can monitor your breathing at any time and in any situation—whether during physical activity, sleep, or even work—representing a significant advancement. The beauty of this innovation lies not only in its continuous monitoring capabilities but also in its non-invasive and comfortable design. This groundbreaking smart garment has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of respiratory conditions. For patients with conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other respiratory disorders, having a discreet and effective monitoring system can provide unparalleled insight into their breathing patterns, allowing individuals to continue their daily activities without being hindered or aware of the embedded sensing elements. This could revolutionize how medical monitoring seamlessly integrates into our lives, laying the foundation for more comfortable, unobtrusive, and effective preventative healthcare solutions. Capacitive garments can be used for respiratory monitoring throughout the day and in various situations. For example, you can use it while sleeping, working, or exercising. Since the sensing silver fabric is in the clothing, the wearer will not feel uncomfortable. It can monitor your breathing 24 hours a day.

[0051] Sleeping in pajamas requires comfort and a larger size, so the values ​​for back and side sleepers are different. Furthermore, the capacitance values ​​are very small because there's no direct contact with the skin. However, when covered with a blanket, they increase. The values ​​for stomach sleepers remain unchanged and remain stable as long as you're asleep. Otherwise, any slight movement while awake will produce noise. This can be used to assess sleep quality. It also provides information on respiratory rate variability (RRV), which indicates the response of the parasympathetic nervous system.

[0052] Figure 2 shows the abdominal respiratory signals for the supine, right side, and left side positions. The supine position has the largest signal, followed by the right side and left side. The final image combines all three signals, and it's clear that the left side signal is much smaller. This result demonstrates that respiratory information can be obtained even under different sleeping conditions. Standing and sitting can be distinguished simply from the baseline abdominal capacitance sensing, as the abdomen is smaller when standing and larger when sitting. When measuring while wearing a shirt (or work clothes), the data is unstable due to the loose fit of the clothing against the skin. Furthermore, wearing an undershirt can affect the data. However, when not exercising, the respiratory signal is clear.

[0053] At the same time, the time and frequency of breathing cessation can be measured in Figure 2, because the capacitance value at this time is the lowest and closest to 0pF, and there is no change, but only a parallel line state.

[0054] As shown in Figure 3, chest breathing is less noticeable than abdominal breathing. The respiratory signal during speech differs from that during silence, but speaking generally involves breathing. Therefore, measuring respiratory rate based on the inspiratory curve is feasible. Individuals who have undergone breathing training exhibit clear respiratory signals while walking because their breathing remains steady. In contrast, most people exhibit irregular and shallow breathing while walking. When wearing sportswear, the clothing fits tightly to the body, resulting in larger capacitance values, as shown in Figure 4.

[0055] Furthermore, respiratory signals are continuously detected during physical activity. Suboptimal measurements indicate that a person's breathing requires further training. However, respiratory rhythm should not be disrupted by physical activity. Across disciplines, respiratory training requires maintaining a consistent ratio between exhalation and inhalation, with exhalation being slow and controlled. Therefore, respiratory signals during exercise are used to assess a person's progress in breathing training. This system, capable of monitoring respiratory signals in a variety of situations, has significant potential for both personal and clinical applications. For those engaging in practices such as yoga or meditation, capacitive clothing can provide real-time feedback on their breathing technique, helping them achieve deeper, more controlled breathing. Furthermore, athletes and fitness enthusiasts can leverage this technology to gain insights into how their breathing patterns change across different exercises and intensities, thereby optimizing their training results. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize personal health management and improve performance across a wide range of activities and disciplines. The respiratory monitoring feature in capacitive clothing can be used to assess a patient's breathing patterns during sleep, exercise, or daily activities. It can help diagnose respiratory conditions or monitor the progress of recovery programs. Furthermore, the data collected by the clothing can be integrated with other health monitoring systems to provide a comprehensive view of an individual's overall health. This integration has the potential to enhance clinical assessment, enable earlier intervention, and contribute to a more comprehensive approach to patient care. Here, the respiration sensing capacitance increases as the user sweats due to exercise. This means that the respiration waveform remains unchanged, but the respiration baseline increases. At the same time, the respiration rate often also increases, unless the individual is a trained athlete (as shown in Figure 5).

[0056] The second example, "A multi-point capacitive sensing smart clothing applied to posture detection," was presented at ICCE 2024. This paper describes a multi-point capacitive sensing smart clothing system designed specifically for posture detection. This smart clothing utilizes multiple capacitive sensors placed at different locations to monitor changes in body posture and movement. These sensors detect subtle changes between the clothing and the wearer's body and convert this data into understandable information. By analyzing the collected data, the smart clothing can monitor the user's posture, such as standing, running, sitting, or lying, in real time. Yoga is a highly effective exercise for maintaining physical and mental health. Yoga postures and movements typically emphasize balance, gentleness, and rhythm, as well as deep, even breathing. Proper breathing techniques help relax the body, increase oxygen supply, and promote energy flow. Deep, focused breathing patterns can help reduce anxiety and stress, enhance flexibility, and improve balance. Therefore, developing a platform that can simultaneously measure different postures and breathing patterns would be of significant benefit to individuals engaging in similar activities. Therefore, a capacitive sensing clothing with multi-point electrodes was developed that can capture and record changes in posture and breathing. This multi-point capacitive garment can also track and record the user's progress and improvement. This data can help users understand their yoga practice and how it improves over time. This not only improves the effectiveness of their practice but also motivates them to maintain a consistent exercise routine. The multi-point capacitive smart garment is shown in Figure 6. The top has six sensing points: arms, elbows, chest, and abdomen. The bottom has four sensing points: hips and knees. Therefore, a total of eight sensing points can be measured simultaneously.

[0057] Table 1 shows the capacitance sensing values ​​corresponding to a subject's posture at different positions. This is the database, which includes the back electrode's values ​​of 39pF when standing upright, 98pF when bending 15 degrees, 110pF when bending 30 degrees, 124pF when bending 45 degrees, 130pF when bending 60 degrees, and 135pF when bending 90 degrees. We can see that each person's detection capacitance values ​​vary. This is partly due to individual body types and varying degrees of dryness or moisture in the skin, and partly due to variations in clothing structure and usage. However, there are still regularities, and calibration is required for each individual's individual clothing. This also serves as a personal identification card, confirming each individual's characteristics, as they wear different items every day.

[0058]

[0059] As shown in Figure 7, it is a waveform diagram of the elbow movement of both hands. Here we can see the results of the left and right elbow measurements. The waveforms are the same but the values ​​are different, which means that the degree of force exerted by the left and right hands is different or the hand thickness is different.

[0060] As shown in Figure 8, it is a waveform diagram of the movement of both knees. Here we can see that in addition to the different forces used by the left and right knees during movement, the duration of the forces used is also different. The waveform on one side is wider, indicating that the bending time is longer.

[0061] As shown in FIG9 , it is a waveform diagram of double hip movement.

[0062] Here we can see that the bottom line of the capacitance values ​​on the left and right hips are the same, which means that the pants on the left and right hips have exactly the same body interaction.

[0063] As shown in Figure 10, it is a waveform diagram of arm and hip movements.

[0064] As shown in Figure 11, it is a waveform diagram of arm and knee movements.

[0065] Figures 10 and 11 show the interaction between the hands and the hips or knees. This allows us to understand the user's posture, meaning that full-body posture analysis can be measured in real time throughout the day.

[0066] As shown in Figure 12, it is a waveform diagram of the stepping pants movement. Here you can see that the stepping time of the left and right feet is different because the time when the waveform is the largest is different.

[0067] In addition, the capacitance value is lowest when the foot is not moving in the air. The time when the left and right feet are at the lowest point in the air is different, which means that the postures of the left and right feet in the air are different.

[0068] Similarly, the results of gait analysis using socks and insoles are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Socks and insoles are made of a piece of conductive material at the toes and heels. For example, the silver cloth does not come into contact with the skin. If it is an insole, there is a whole piece of conductive material in the insole or at the bottom as a reference ground.

[0070]

[0071] Furthermore, capacitance measurements from different subjects in the same position were very close, indicating that this multi-point sensor garment can quantify different postures. It is important to note that all signals remained remarkably consistent across three consecutive cycles of the same movement, demonstrating that the multi-electrode garment provides reliable and quantifiable capacitance sensing across a variety of body positions and movements. Together, these preliminary results highlight the effectiveness of multi-point capacitive sensor smart garments in quantifying capacitance changes associated with different body postures and movements. This opens the door to applications in healthcare, fitness monitoring, and other fields.

[0072] This demonstrates that the multi-point capacitive smart clothing's ability to capture key signals from multiple body locations while also capturing signals from key locations is a significant advantage of this smart clothing. It has broad applications, including motion and posture analysis, respiration, gait monitoring, and gesture recognition. It can be used in healthcare, sports performance analysis, and human-computer interaction. This understanding of real-world body movement and position provides a valuable database for various industries and fields. Let's look at breathing behavior. For example, when smoking, the elbow must be bent, and smoke is inhaled and exhaled through the mouth. This waveform differs significantly from normal nasal breathing because smoking requires force, while normal breathing does not. Furthermore, since the user does not speak while exhaling, the exhalation waveform is stable. Normal speech occurs during exhalation, and the speech waveform is irregular. This allows us to measure when the user smokes, how long they smoke, how long they inhale and exhale, and how many times they smoke per day. It can also be distinguished when making a phone call or talking on the phone. At the same time, the user usually breathes through the nose, and temporarily switches to breathing through the mouth, or inhales through the nose and exhales through the mouth. The breathing waveforms in these situations are different. If you are holding a mobile phone and making a call, both hands are used, and one hand must be making a movement, and it is the hand that is commonly used. When talking on the phone, the elbow is bent, and the phone is usually next to the ear. When talking, the breathing waveform is uneven ups and downs. Because normal exhalation has a rhythmic effect, the waveform changes regularly, so the speaking time and number in the breathing can be known, and the emotions when speaking can also be obtained. For example, when arguing, the speech is rapid and the breathing frequency becomes larger. The rhythm when singing is different from that when talking, because we usually talk instead of singing. Singing will require more force to breathe and the waveform is different from normal talking. The rhythm of speech is different. Speaking during exercise is also different from normal breathing because breathing increases, leading to more effort. It's also possible to distinguish swallowing from breathing. Since breathing doesn't occur during spitting, the breathing waveform becomes interrupted, revealing the correlation between swallowing and breathing. Eating also allows for distinguishing between eating and drinking. Saliva secretion increases, swallowing frequency increases, and breathing becomes irregular. Chewing often involves pausing for breathing. Drinking water, coffee, or other beverages often involves swallowing more than once. Breathing slows during sleep, swallowing decreases, and becomes more regular. The waveforms of apnea or coughing during sleep also differ from normal breathing. A cough involves forceful exhalation, often with large, continuous movements of the abdomen and chest. This signal-based capability is a significant advantage of this smart clothing. It has broad applications, including posture analysis, respiration, gait monitoring, and gesture recognition, which can be used in healthcare, sports performance analysis, and human-computer interaction. This understanding of real-world body movement and position provides a valuable database for a variety of industries and fields.The concept behind this smart clothing is to convert subtle movement and breathing patterns into a database through embedded sensors in the clothing. When an individual engages in yoga or similar activities, these sensors can instantly monitor changes in body posture and breathing rhythm. Through intelligent analysis of this data, it can provide real-time feedback and guidance to help users maintain correct posture and achieve optimal breathing.

[0073] The third example was presented at ICCE2024, titled "Wearable system for monitoring breathing and walking that comprises textile-based capacitive sensors at multiple positions." Moderate exercise can improve physical fitness and overall health. Walking is a form of aerobic exercise that can enhance fitness and improve cardiovascular health, allowing individuals to move freely and easily. A grounded capacitive garment and an insole containing silver cloth electrodes that do not come into direct contact with the skin as a reference ground are used to measure changes in capacitance during movement. This measurement captures breathing and walking waveform signals, which are recorded and stored for subsequent signal analysis, processing, and application. As shown in Figure 13, synchronized chest and abdominal waveforms were obtained during a test of young people walking at different speeds. Abdominal breathing was measured using a self-developed system.

[0074] If two parallel lines are segmented, only one side needs to be segmented; the other side can be shared. Alternatively, the insole can be designed with front and back panels, rather than left and right panels, to measure gait. This design requires a single piece of conductive material in the insole or on the other side to serve as a reference electrode. This allows for multiple front and back panels of conductive material on the insole to provide more accurate gait analysis, as mentioned in the paper.

[0075] As shown in Figure 14, these measurements show a high degree of consistency, with a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.989. Considering the human body as a conductive capacitor plate, with air, insoles, or clothing used as the dielectric, information about individual movement can be obtained by measuring the capacitance changes of this capacitor system. The circuitry in the chest and abdomen of the capacitive garment converts the capacitance changes into voltage or frequency signals, which are then transmitted to a microcontroller (MCU) for data acquisition. The MCU uses a Bluetooth interface module to transmit the acquired data to a smart platform device (such as a personal computer or mobile device like a PDA) equipped with graphical user interface software (LabWindows). The data can be visualized, stored, and analyzed on the smart platform. The capacitive garment includes electrodes on the chest and abdomen that do not contact the skin, as well as a reference electrode cloth on the body that contacts the skin. There is a reference electrode on the top of the insole and four electrodes on the bottom. The middle portion of the insole is made of latex dielectric material. Waveforms from the left and right foot and heel were recorded in real time. Simultaneously, chest and abdominal breathing waveforms were captured. The young subject demonstrated synchronized chest and abdominal breathing while walking, with no signs of asynchronous breathing. While asynchronous chest and abdominal breathing has been observed in elderly subjects or subjects with deteriorating respiratory function while walking, for younger individuals walking at different speeds, the chest and abdominal breathing waveforms are synchronized, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between walking and breathing, provides more comprehensive physiological information, and expands potential applications in health assessment and diagnosis. Here, too, there's the issue of incomplete contact between the foot and the insole. Similar to the principle of the fourth embodiment below, when the heel approaches the shoe, the sensed capacitance increases. When contact is achieved, the capacitance also increases, and the foot steps forward with a greater force. This allows for analysis of the distance and duration of separation between the foot and the insole, in addition to gait analysis.

[0076] The fourth example, presented at ICCE2024, is titled "Using Textile Capacitive Sensors to Train Synchronized Movement of Hands." It utilizes capacitive sensing technology as its core and integrates the slow lifting and lowering motions of the hands. The capacitive sensing fabric consists of a single piece of ordinary textile wrapped around two conductive silver fabrics. When the hands come into close proximity and contact with the plastic surface, a capacitive sensing signal is generated.

[0077] As hands gradually approach the capacitive sensing structure, the sun slowly rises. The contactless capacitive sensing value increases with distance. When initially in contact with the capacitive fabric, the capacitance is approximately 40pF. As pressure is gradually applied, the capacitance slowly increases. As hands gradually move away from the capacitive structure, the sensing capacitance decreases, causing the sun to gradually descend. This method is used to train hand stability; if hands are trembling or unable to rise and descend slowly, the sun will not rise and descend smoothly.

[0078] As shown in Table III, different sensing capacitance values ​​are shown for different distances between the hand and the fabric, from non-contact distance to different degrees of force after contact. It can be observed that the capacitive structure produces corresponding capacitance values ​​according to different distances and forces, and there is a positive correlation between them.

[0079] As hands gradually approach the capacitive sensing structure, the capacitance value increases. I visualized this increase in capacitance by using the slowly rising sun. As the capacitance increases, the sun rises higher and becomes brighter. As the capacitance decreases, the capacitance decreases, and the sun descends, and the brightness decreases accordingly. Contactless capacitive sensing increases with distance. Upon initial contact with the capacitive fabric, the capacitance is approximately 40pF. As pressure is gradually applied, the capacitance value slowly increases. As hands gradually move away from the capacitive structure, the capacitance value decreases, causing the sun to gradually descend. This method is used to train hand stability; if hands are trembling or unable to rise and descend slowly, the sun will not rise and descend smoothly.

[0080] This involves placing your hands near two pieces of conductive fabric covered with non-conductive fabric and pressing them firmly against the fabric. The capacitance value is then displayed using a video of sunrise and sunset. Imagine a gaming platform that displays sunrise and sunset scenes in sync with the player's gestures, achieving a calming and stable effect through gentle, steady movements.

[0081] As shown in Table III, different sensing capacitance values ​​are shown for different distances between the hand and the fabric, from non-contact distance to different degrees of force after contact. It can be observed that the capacitive structure produces corresponding capacitance values ​​according to different distances and forces, and there is a positive correlation between them.

[0082]

[0083] The design concept behind this game is to immerse players in a state of calm and relaxation. Capacitive sensing technology captures subtle hand movements, which are synchronized with the game's sunrise and sunset visuals. Through this interactive method, players can achieve emotional stability and relaxation by participating in slow movements that harmonize with the natural landscape depicted in the game. This plastic sheet can also be used to train leg muscles by approaching and slowly pressing the buttocks downward. It can also be used to train and detect capacitive sensing effects on basketballs or other objects that come into contact with people. For example, the capacitive sensing electrodes in the insoles do not contact the feet. Each insole has two parallel electrodes, allowing for gait analysis. Figure 15 shows a waveform diagram for walking, and Figure 16 shows a waveform diagram for running. Here, we can see that the force applied by the left and right feet is different when walking, but the waveforms and values ​​are similar when running. This indicates that the wearer has a balance problem when walking, causing a lean to one side. This can be checked to see if there is a deformation in the sole, which can also verify the condition of the object.

[0084] The design concept behind this game is to immerse players in a state of calm and relaxation. Capacitive sensing technology captures subtle hand movements, which are synchronized with the game's sunrise and sunset visuals. Through this interactive method, players can achieve emotional stability and relaxation by participating in slow movements that harmonize with the natural landscapes depicted in the game. This plastic sheet can also be used to train leg muscles by approaching and slowly pressing the buttocks downward. It can also be used to train and detect capacitive sensing effects on basketballs or other objects that come into contact with people. For example, the capacitive sensing electrodes in the insoles do not contact the feet. Each insole has two parallel electrodes, allowing for gait analysis. Figure 15 shows a waveform diagram for walking, and Figure 16 shows a waveform diagram for running. Here, we can see that the force applied by the left and right feet is different when walking, but the waveforms and values ​​are similar when running. This indicates that the wearer has a balance problem when walking, causing a lean to one side. This can be checked to see if there is a deformation in the sole, which can also verify the condition of the object.

[0085] In particular, basketballs and other balls have multiple conductive areas, allowing us to measure where the hands grip the ball and the force applied. The ball also has a GPS positioning system, which allows us to determine how far the ball can be thrown after being subjected to force. More importantly, using socks provides the most accurate gait analysis, as the socks fit snugly and the electrodes don't come into contact with the skin, allowing us to measure gait analysis data, as shown in Figure 17. Furthermore, if the conductive electrodes are placed in the insole, there's a chance the foot won't touch the insole, meaning there's a chance the shoe won't touch the foot. This can lead to a delay in the measured capacitance. However, this can be addressed by, for example, placing two-centimeter-wide parallel conductive strips on the left and right sides of the insole. Similar to the two electrodes in the paper, this approach is replaced by a symmetrical approach and press of one foot. This allows us to calculate the time it takes for the heel or toe to approach the insole, contact the insole, and the time it takes for the heel to separate from the shoe. We can also divide these two parallel lines into multiple segments, each representing an independent capacitive sensor of the foot. This allows us to more clearly understand the user's foot-shoe relationship and measure gait analysis.

[0086] While the first to fourth embodiments all involve capacitive induction between objects and people, there are many personal belongings that do not. The most common example is the sole of a shoe, and the change in capacitance between the sole and the ground, as shown in the fifth embodiment. See Table 4 below.

[0087] Table 4 shows measurements taken on different floor materials by a 60 kg person wearing shoes with two 1.5 cm wide conductive rubber strips on the left and right sides, 2 cm apart. The measurements were performed with the foot in the air, just touching the ground, with only the heel touching the ground, the back half of the foot on the ground, both feet flat on the ground, only the conductive sole on the ground, and the heel lifted. The values ​​are all in pF.

[0088]

[0089] Therefore, there are two parallel conductive materials on the sole, such as silver fabric, which will produce different capacitance changes due to the relationship with the ground when walking. Table 4 shows the capacitance response of the sole with different materials.

[0090] This allows for gait analysis. Different materials, such as asphalt, grass, tile, and carpet, will produce different capacitance values. This is because these materials have different dielectric constants. This allows us to determine our surroundings, while also providing capacitive sensing. This means that even when the sole of the shoe is not in contact with the ground, as it gets closer, the measured capacitance value increases. This allows us to determine the distance and changes in the ground, rather than simply the pressure changes between the sole and the ground when the foot touches the ground. If the conductive area on the sole of the foot is larger, more detailed information can be obtained. Changes in the ground surface can produce different capacitance values. For example, if there's water on the ground, the capacitance value will vary depending on the surface's unevenness. The temperature and humidity of the ground vary in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, resulting in different capacitance changes. Using the same principle, consider a ball with two parallel strips of conductive material (3 x 15 cm²) inside it. The force applied to grasping the ball and the change in capacitance are shown in Table 5. As the force applied increases, the capacitance value increases.

[0091] Using the same principle, let's say there are two parallel conductive strips (3 x 15 cm²) inside a ball. The force applied to grasping the ball and the change in capacitance are shown in Table 5. As you can see, increasing grip force increases capacitance. This is the result of placing the ball on a scale and pressing it against the scale with one hand.

[0092]

[0093] In addition, the sole of the shoe has 2×27 square centimeters of parallel conductive silver fabric, and there is also 3×15 square centimeters of conductive material inside the ball. When a single shoe is pressed against the surface of the ball, the ball is placed on the scale to obtain the value, which can be used to obtain Table 6.

[0094]

[0095] As shown in Table 6, the capacitance of the sole and the capacitance inside the ball increase as the force increases.

[0096] Similarly, the sole and upper of the shoe contain conductive materials, allowing us to visualize where and how much force is applied to the shoe, a technique that can be applied to soccer. The ball also has numerous conductive areas and controllers, allowing us to determine where the force is applied, its magnitude and direction, and how far the resulting force will travel. GPS and accelerometers can also be incorporated to determine the ball's trajectory and direction. The net also has conductive electrodes and controllers, allowing us to determine whether the ball has entered the net or hit the bamboo net's railings, as these have different hardness and materials. If the ball is blocked or caught by a defender, the capacitive sensing signals on the defender's body will generate a strong signal, allowing us to visualize the dynamic relationships between all players on the soccer field. A basketball and a basketball board are like the sole of a shoe and the floor. When the ball's electrodes contact the board, a significant change in capacitance occurs. If it hits the metal of the rim, the controller inside the ball detects a stronger capacitance response. If it hits the net, the capacitance response does change, but it's not instantaneous, because the ball's impact with the backboard and the backboard itself creates an impact force. If the net is made of conductive material, this capacitance change becomes even more pronounced. The difference between a tip-in and a slam dunk is that the hand directly hits the ball into the net in a very short time, while the ball spends a long time with the hand and a short time with the net. During a slam dunk, the hand is in contact with the rim, and the movement of the person's movements is very different. A slam dunk requires the legs to be raised to their full height, while a tip-in requires a smooth, rhythmic movement of the body to push the ball into the hoop. If the basketball board also had conductive areas and a controller, the board itself could react in a synchronized manner with the controller. Similarly, a soccer net can still detect the relationship between the ball and the net without a controller, because the principle is the same. In other words, by analyzing the movements of a basketball player, the ball, and the reactions on the basketball board, we can understand the overall effect. Of course, if the basketball doesn't hit the backboard or enter the basket, but instead falls to the ground, then the ball's only flight through the air and its final reaction to hitting the ground is its impact. Similarly, the interaction between a soccer player, the ball, and its frame can reveal the player's athletic behavior and effectiveness. The conductive areas of a basketball can be made of conductive materials, such as conductive plastic or rubber, or conductive materials can be applied to, within, or inside the ball, such as by coating, sticking, printing, or sewing. The same applies to other balls, such as soccer balls, volleyballs, rugby balls, and baseballs. Furthermore, conductive areas and sensing circuits can be incorporated into related nets, such as basketball nets, basketball boards, soccer nets, and volleyball nets. In other words, any related sports product, such as a baseball bat, can have conductive areas on the playing surface. This allows for the generation of athlete data and related activity processes, enabling the formation, representation, computational modeling, analysis, learning, and simulation of individual and group behavior, as well as an understanding of the impact, utility, and non-occurrence of behavior, enabling behavioral intervention and management.A baseball player's foot doesn't leave the ground during a slide, but their center of gravity shifts, which reduces the capacitance between the shoe sole and the ground. A pop-upslide is a type of slide where the runner slides directly toward the base, preparing to push off the ball immediately and run if the fielder misses the catch. A hookslide is a type of slide where the runner slides and hooks the base with their back foot to avoid a tag. These types of player movements can be monitored, as can the interaction between the shoe, body, and ground. This is especially true if the bases have conductive areas and a control system, or if there are conductive areas on the baseball or bat. The entire play on the baseball field can be seamlessly recorded and analyzed. Basketball, soccer, and rugby games can be captured, analyzed, and analyzed with capacitive sensing. Furthermore, it can be used to identify fouls. At the same time, when skiing, if there is only a skateboard, it is necessary to measure the capacitance changes between the feet and shoes, or between the shoes and the skateboard, and detect conductive areas on the bottom of the board, such as the soles of the shoes, to measure the skiing gait. When skiing in the air, the ski does not touch the snow. On the snow, the skateboard can be divided into the front and back, left and right conductive areas to measure the skiing behavior pattern. At the same time, when skiing on a double snowboard, there is also a sled, the hand grip on the top of the sled, and the capacitance interaction between the bottom of the sled and the snow, to obtain the whole body skiing motion capacitance change data. For example, for skiing beginners, falling is "inevitable", so safe falling methods are very important.

[0097] Changes in capacitance sensing values ​​can be used to measure the activity of an individual and related interacting objects, or to capture changes in the environment surrounding an individual or object. This can be illustrated using gait analysis. For example, gait analysis using socks, shoes, or insoles includes the action and reaction forces between each joint, as well as changes generated by sensors located in other locations, such as the chest and abdomen. In short, the effects of walking on nearby objects and body electrodes generate information detected by sensors on the objects or body, particularly the action and reaction forces between the feet or a single foot and the ground. The response of all body objects, such as clothing, hats, purses, glasses, watches, cell phones, bags, or pants, to capacitance sensors can also be analyzed. This allows the impact of forces on each joint, other electrode-equipped objects, or even the body's own electrodes, during different gaits to be determined. This information can be analyzed using the sensing values ​​of the sensing electrodes on the body or on objects located in related locations. This is the information generated by the foot stepping on the ground. Similarly, it can also be the change in the sensing capacitance value of the joints of the whole body and the objects with sensors or the body electrodes caused by the external force applied by the hands or other parts of the body. For example, the capacitance sensor changes caused by throwing a ball, boxing, weightlifting, playing baseball, badminton, tennis, or hitting other objects or people with the body, such as hitting other people, suppressing other people, jumping into water, or flipping in the air. Of course, it also includes external force, such as: an outsider using his hands or feet to touch an object on a certain part of the body, or the electrodes of the body itself or nearby objects, such as: clothes and pants, and also include objects in the same position, such as gloves, waist protectors, and backpacks with capacitance sensors. The same situation can be caused by being hit by a car, a stick, or a stone, which can generate changes in the induction of the body's own electrodes or the sensing values ​​of nearby object sensors. In other words, the application or reception of force can generate changes in the capacitance sensing of the body's electrodes and other object sensors. Of course, it can also be caused by outsiders or animals applying force on the body's electrodes, or objects nearby, which can cause changes in the capacitance sensing values ​​to capture changes in the surrounding environment of the individual or object. Here, we are referring to surrounding changes, such as: rain, sunshine, snow, in an air-conditioned room, in water, in the air, in an earthquake, taking an elevator, going up and down stairs, walking on a sand pit, on the grass, in a crowded bus, and in the air quality, noise, sewage, sludge, radiation, etc. in the working environment, which can generate changes in the capacitance sensing of the body itself or objects.

[0098] Key points: 1. Quickly lower your body's center of gravity, landing on the outside of your thighs, below your waist and on the sides of your hips to avoid falling forward.

[0099] 2. Raise both sticks at the same time and straighten both legs with all your strength. There is also a full brake stopping technique:

[0100] (1) Slide in a straight downhill position; (2) Put your strength on your heels, with the two skis in an eight-shaped shape, with the center of gravity in the front position between the two feet. Push the back end of the ski outward, use the inner edge to carve into the snow surface, and gradually apply force until the ski stops.

[0101] 3. Bend your body (including your knees) as you push off the snowboard.

[0102] 4. The two knees are bent and inward, but the knees do not move inward.

[0103] 5. If the center of gravity is biased to the rear, the action of the front end of the snowboard scraping the snow will be less obvious.

[0104] This makes it possible to detect skiing behavior patterns, analyze them, and build behavior models.

[0105] If a single skateboard is used, two pairs of shoes are placed on the same board. The changes in capacitance between the foot and the shoe, and between the skateboard and the snow, can also be used to measure skiing patterns. If the skateboard has four wheels, each wheel acts as a conductive electrode, similarly measuring patterns. Ice skates, also known as ice skates, utilize the principle of friction reduction for skating. They typically feature a thin blade on the sole, making it very easy to move the shoe back and forth across the ice. This allows for multiple conductive areas within the shoe to measure the capacitance changes caused by foot movement on the electrodes. Alternatively, a small conductor can be placed near the front and rear of the blade to measure the capacitance changes between the two conductors and the snow, thus also detecting changes in skate movement. Simultaneously, by connecting the skate to clothing and other items to measure the inductive capacitance, the user's skate patterns can be detected.

[0106] Once again, soil moisture significantly impacts its dielectric properties: the dielectric constant of water is 88.2 (at 0°C), the dielectric constant of air is approximately 1, the dielectric constant of soil particles is 3-7, and the dielectric constant of ice is 3.27. During skiing, the feet do not leave the ground, but the body's center of gravity shifts, causing the capacitance between the sole and the ground to decrease. Furthermore, when skiing with a board, if it is simply a board, it is necessary to detect changes in capacitance between the foot and shoe, or between the shoe and the board, and to detect conductive areas on the board's sole, such as the sole, to measure the skier's gait. When skiing in the air, without touching the snow, the board can be divided into conductive areas on the front and back, and on the left and right sides, to analyze gait behavior. Furthermore, when skiing with a ski, the grip on the top of the ski and the capacitance interaction between the bottom of the ski and the snow can be used to obtain data on the capacitance changes during full-body skiing. For example, for beginners, falling is "inevitable," so safe falling techniques are crucial.

[0107] Key points: 1. Quickly lower your body's center of gravity, landing on the outside of your thighs, below your waist and on the sides of your hips to avoid falling forward.

[0108] 2. Raise both poles simultaneously and straighten both feet with all your strength. Another full-brake stopping technique: (1) Slide in a straight downhill position; (2) Put your strength on your heels, with the two skis forming a figure eight, with your center of gravity in the front position between your feet. Push the back end of the ski outward, using the inner edge to carve into the snow, and gradually apply force until the skis stop.

[0109] 3. Bend your body (including your knees) as you push off the snowboard.

[0110] 4. The two knees are bent and inward, but the knees do not move inward.

[0111] 5. If the center of gravity is biased to the rear, the action of the front end of the snowboard scraping the snow will be less obvious.

[0112] This allows for the detection of skiing patterns. If a single skateboard is used, two pairs of shoes can be placed on the same skateboard. The changes in capacitance between the foot and the shoe, and between the skateboard and the snow, can also be used to detect skiing patterns. If the skateboard has four wheels, each wheel acts as a conductive electrode, similarly detecting patterns. Ice skates, also known as ice skates, utilize the principle of friction reduction for skating. They typically feature a thin blade on the sole, allowing the shoe to easily move back and forth across the ice. To this end, multiple conductive areas can be built into the shoe, using the blade as a reference ground to measure the capacitance changes caused by foot movement on the electrodes within the shoe. Alternatively, a small conductor can be added near the front and rear of the blade to measure the capacitance changes between the two layers of snow, thus also detecting changes in the skate's movement. By connecting the blade to items on the user's body to measure capacitance, the user's skateboarding patterns can be detected. The above examples illustrate the changes in capacitance generated by contact between a user and a reference ground, allowing for the detection of environmental changes such as the ground, carpet, tiles, or road.

[0113] Example 6: A person is born wearing clothes. Someone holds the baby in their hands. The clothes are covered with conductive material, such as two pieces of silver cloth. This allows the baby to be held directly by the hands. This makes it seem as if the weight of the baby is directly pressing on the hands. The main capacitance reading is between the hands and the conductive silver cloth, which is about 10nF. The change is proportional to the weight and movement of the baby, and the change is 1nF. If the conductive material is in the middle of the baby's clothes, the capacitance reading between the hands and the baby is about 1400pF, with a change of about 400pF. If the thickness between the hands and the clothes increases, for example, when the baby is wearing a cotton jacket, about 1100pF is measured, and the capacitance reading is mainly the capacitance reading between the baby and the conductive electrode, with a change of about 100pF. If the baby sweats or urinates, the measured capacitance value will also increase significantly. If the baby wets his pants, the diaper should be changed, so the clothes will be opened. In this way, the hands are not on the baby, but the baby is placed on the bed to change the diaper, which will produce different capacitance changes between the hands and the clothes and between the clothes and the baby. In this way, the baby's capacitance value suddenly increases to predict whether it has wet the diaper. If it is correct, the diaper will be changed. There is cause and effect here, and it can also be understood whether the people around will come to change the diaper after the baby has wet the diaper. The speed and pace of changing can also tell whether the relatives are confident or it is the first time. In addition, if the baby is held in my arms, the value of the breathing sensing electrode on my chest or abdomen will increase. Similarly, if the baby is carried on my back, the capacitance value of the electrode on the back of the clothes that measures the curvature of the spine will increase. Similarly, the interaction between users and animals is the same, such as the interaction between cats and dogs and people, cats lying on the body, dogs licking hands, etc., which will produce a capacitance effect.

[0114] The seventh embodiment: If you get up at night without wearing clothes, the capacitance value of the upper body cannot be measured, but you should be wearing underwear, because the capacitance value of the buttocks will become smaller after getting up. If you wear sensing capacitor slippers, no matter whether the electrodes are made on the soles or insoles, the movement of the feet can be detected, which will produce a change in capacitance. When you get up at night to go to the toilet, you should take off your underwear, which will produce the effect of not wearing pants. After urinating, you will put on your underwear again, which will produce a change in capacitance when wearing pants. In this process, because you are standing, The capacitance changes when you take off your shoes while defecating and when you sit down to defecate are different. When you stand, the capacitance value is the same as during the day. When you sit on the toilet, the center of gravity is on the toilet, and the capacitance value of the slippers will become much smaller. After sitting, you will stand up again, and the capacitance value of your feet will be restored when you take off your shoes. Then you walk back to the bed and lie down to sleep. At this time, the capacitance value of your buttocks will be restored, and the capacitance value of taking off your shoes will be gone. This series of activities also has a cause and effect relationship. If it happens every night and the frequency increases, it means that there is a problem with your health and lifestyle.

[0115] Example 8: When wearing loose, short-sleeved clothing, two pieces of conductive material are placed on the front and back of the sleeve, each approximately 10 x 10 cm. When the hand moves forward, the contact area with the front conductive material increases, while the contact area with the back conductive material decreases. This allows the arm to be measured as it moves forward or backward. Figure 18 shows a waveform of the arm swinging back and forth. For example, when my hand is still, the front piece measures 44pF. When the hand is raised 30 degrees, it measures 66pF, 88pF at 60 degrees, and 122pF at 90 degrees. The corresponding responses from the back piece are 57pF, 54pF, 49pF, and 43pF. If the arm moves outward, the contact area between the two conductive materials increases, but the increase is not significant because the arm's contact area with the two pieces is reduced. Furthermore, if the clothing is unevenly worn, the capacitance of the piece will increase to 90pF when the hand is raised to 90 degrees. This is due to the movement of the clothing itself, thus revealing the relationship between clothing and the person. When wearing loose pants, the front piece also has a similar effect, 30pF at 0 degrees, 60pF at 30 degrees, 100pF at 60 degrees, and 115pF at 90 degrees. It becomes larger and more obvious when moving forward, but becomes smaller by 27pF when moving backward or no change occurs, because the front piece has no contact with the legs when moving backward, and the back piece is on the buttocks, so it will become larger when moving forward due to the contact with the buttocks, similar to tight pants, it will become larger instead of smaller, 80pF when standing, 120pF at 30 degrees, 230pF at 60 degrees, 300pF at 90 degrees, and 700pF when sitting on a chair. It also gets bigger when you lift your leg backward because the contact area increases, for example, it is 80pF when standing, 140pF at 30 degrees backward, 166pF at 60 degrees, and 200pF at 90 degrees. When the body leans outward, that is, when the thigh moves horizontally, both the front and rear pieces get bigger, for example, the rear piece is 130pF at 15 degrees outward and 200pF at 30 degrees. But there is no change when leaning to the other side because the poles of the front and rear pieces do not touch the skin. As shown in Figure 19, this is a waveform diagram generated when a person walks in shorts and the thigh touches the conductive material.

[0116] For example, in the ninth embodiment, using the elbow as an example, when wearing capacitive sensing clothing and using the neck fabric as a reference ground, we measured 100pF when the elbow was straight and 245pF when fully bent. Using the skin electrode as the reference ground, the elbow was 104pF when straight and 248pF when fully bent. This difference is not significant, indicating that conductive fabric or metal materials can replace the patch electrode. Furthermore, the elbow electrode is 10x10cm, and there is a skin electrode of the same area at the same location. The capacitance value is 1500pF when the elbow is straight and 90nF when fully bent. If the elbow electrode is displaced by half its area, the capacitance value is 600pF when the elbow is straight and 45nF when fully bent. Table 7 shows the capacitance changes of the fabric electrode, patch electrode, skin electrode, and elbow fabric under external force:

[0117]

[0118] The capacitance values ​​of the skin electrodes and the elbow electrodes can be used to adjust the position of the elbow on clothing. Similarly, this can be applied to every part of the body: clothing, pants, socks, gloves, hats, masks, earmuffs, shoes, skirts, prosthetic hands and feet, limbs, belts, waistbands, backpacks, waist packs, glasses, hiking bags, helmets, and even headgear in the Metaverse. This allows for better behavioral patterns and analysis, as the database contains highly accurate data. This allows for behavioral detection and analysis using external conductive electrodes. This is achieved through interaction between electrodes on the skin of an object, such as clothing. The skin electrodes themselves can also have control circuitry to sense changes in capacitance from these external garments. The skin electrodes themselves undergo capacitance changes due to body bending, expansion or contraction, breathing, external pressure or tension, ambient temperature or humidity, and changes in body humidity or temperature. This allows for the measurement of capacitance changes at different locations on the body, as well as capacitance changes between locations, such as when the left leg is raised and resting on the right leg, or when the left hand is placed on the chest. This allows for the measurement of physiological information such as respiration, posture, humidity, and temperature. This allows for behavioral pattern analysis and processing. It also allows for direct measurement of the electrode's own function, such as blood sugar, lactate, glucose, caffeine, and alcohol. Skin electrodes can also be used to measure electrocardiograms, electromyograms, brain waves, body fat, respiration, and other physiological signals. Transmission lines can also be used for wireless transmission to a receiver, such as a mobile phone. More importantly, clothing, pants, socks, hats, masks, and other items, whether close-fitting or not, can detect capacitive sensing from the skin electrodes by conductive electrodes on the skin, such as totems, paintings, tattoos, or patches. Ideally, this conductive electrode or electrode should not be in direct contact with the skin electrode, meaning the skin electrode is covered by an insulating layer or non-conductive material, or the conductive thread or electrode on the item, such as clothing, is on the other side of the fabric. This allows the fabric sensing circuit to accurately capture various physiological functions and behavioral information from the human body.

[0119] In the tenth embodiment, two people each wear capacitive posture wear. In addition to reading their own data, when the two people hug or put their arms around each other, their respective clothes will also affect each other's data. For example, when a boy on the left and a girl on the right walk hand in hand, the boy on the left puts his arm around the girl on the right. The data under the boy's armpit with his open arm changes from 180pF to 114pF. The girl on the right, who is being hugged, has her arm leaned against the boy on the left, so the capacitance value under her left armpit changes from 225pF to 288pF. Therefore, when two people hug, the interaction will produce corresponding changes in capacitance, so the posture wear can read the behavior patterns of the two people.

[0120] For example, in the 11th embodiment, when swimming, the entire body or half of the body is submerged in water. Conductive electrodes are located within the swim trunks, swimsuit, and swim cap. These electrodes are waterproof or water-repellent, allowing the swimmer's movements to be detected. This also allows the swimmer to determine if the swimsuit, swim cap, and swim trunks change position within the water, as the dielectric constant in water is different from that in air. Furthermore, conductive areas within the fins and goggles can be used to detect the movement of the fins or goggles, thus enabling a model of swimming behavior. If waterproof or water-repellent skin electrodes are located on the body, this can also be used to measure swimming behavior. Based on the above embodiments, we use conductive areas on the user's helmet, helmet, hat, swim cap, clothing, pants, glasses, headscarf, mask, watch, bracelet, gloves, socks, bed sheets, pillow, insoles, headphones, rings, nail stickers, and other personal belongings to measure capacitance. Furthermore, we also use electrodes located on the skin of the user, including items not directly on the body, such as shoe soles, shoe uppers, backpacks, cars, basketball hoops, football frames, tires, balls, chairs, and beds. This will create a database that displays the internal or external forces acting on different parts of the body and joints, along with the corresponding capacitance values, as well as the capacitance changes caused by the movement of other objects and the capacitance changes of the environment.

[0121] This creates a database for AI computing systems. Let's take another example: When we're in a car, for example, when driving, detecting the driver's driving behavior is crucial. Conductive electrodes are placed on the steering wheel, chair, seatback, headrest, brake pedal, gas pedal, and door. In this system, I use the electrode on the chair next to my buttocks as the reference ground, as this is where my weight is heaviest and I tend to move less. There's an electrode on each side of the steering wheel. When the steering wheel is untouched, the measured capacitance on both electrodes is 78pF. When one hand is in contact, it's 6.2nF, 6.4nF when the hand is gripping the steering wheel, and 6.6nF when gripping firmly. This allows us to determine whether the steering wheel is being gripped with one hand or two, as each hand senses one of the conductive electrodes on the steering wheel. We can also determine which hand is gripping and how long it's gripping, as well as the force applied to the steering wheel. This also allows us to detect steering wheel rotation. Furthermore, when the capacitance reaches around 5nF, we can also start measuring an electrocardiogram (ECG). This is the first-lead ECG.

[0122] All of the above embodiments can be used to measure electrocardiograms. Similarly, electrodes can be used to monitor heart rate, brain waves, electromyography (EMG), body fat, sweat, or for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), automated external defibrillators (AEDs), heating, or cooling. The seatbacks have fabric electrodes with a resistance of 200pF when not in contact with the body, 840pF at 30% contact, 1400pF at 50% contact, 2nF at 70% contact, and 2.4nF at 100% contact. This allows the driver's body position to be determined. Furthermore, electrodes on the headgear are 50pF when not in contact, 90pF when in contact, and 110pF when the head is fully in contact with the headgear.

[0123] When the chest harness is strapped, the breathing signal changes from 135 to 200 pF. When leaning forward 30 degrees, the signal changes from 280 to 380 pF. When leaning forward 60%, the signal changes from 600 to 700 pF. When leaning forward fully, the signal changes from 1300 to 1600 pF. This shows how the chest harness interacts with the body and detects breathing signals.

[0124] The normal breathing value of the abdominal belt is 150-170pF, 190-210pF when leaning forward, and 220-240pF when fully tilted. The value is 285pF when the foot brake pad is not in contact, 300pF when just in contact, 304pF when the foot is pressed with normal force, and 308pF when the brake pedal is fully applied.

[0125] When the foot is on the gas mat, the measured resistance is 50pF when not touching it, 65pF when just placed on it, 70pF when normally refueling, and 74pF when fully pressing the accelerator. The measured resistance is 50pF when the door is not touching it, 5.8nF when the door is closed, and 3nF when the door is opened by hand. This allows us to understand the driver's behavior and mental state, and also measure their breathing. All of this doesn't require a camera; with a camera, testing can be performed simultaneously, allowing for detection and correction.

[0126] If the driver is also wearing capacitive sensing clothing, they can also be used for mutual calibration. If the driver's buttocks are not sitting properly and are moving, for example, when the buttocks are only halfway pressed, the capacitance value of one hand just touching the steering wheel will be 4.8nF, and when the grip is full, it will be 5.1nF. All these data will show a difference in capacitance sensing compared to when the driver is fully seated, indicating the buttocks are moving. The change in capacitance between the driver and the car seat can also be used to understand the driver's mental state. A high frequency of changes indicates that the driver is driving unsteadily, while a complete absence of changes indicates that the driver is drowsy.

[0127] Let’s add an extra note about the tires of cars, bicycles, and motorcycles. Drivers have always known that if the tire pressure is too low, it is not suitable for driving on the road. However, even today, many vehicles are still on the road with insufficient tire pressure. Therefore, if drivers can understand the correct tire pressure in time, they will have the opportunity to prevent many accidents.

[0128] If your vehicle is not equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system, you must get out of the car and use a tire pressure monitoring gauge for testing to maintain driving safety. Our capacitive sensing system has sensing electrodes and control circuits in the tires to detect the condition and changes of the tires. It can also know the conditions of the external ground. For example, if one of the four tires of a car is leaking, the capacitance value measured by this tire will be very different from the original value. At the same time, the capacitance sensing values ​​of the other three tires will also be different. In this way, it can be used as a tire pressure detector. At the same time, the ground contacted by each tire may be different, so the conditions on the ground can be known.

[0129] At the same time, the driving conditions can be changed to ensure driving safety. For example, when the front wheel passes a pothole, if the force of the car passing the pothole is very large, the result of the rear wheel passing the pothole can be recorded, so that you will know how to deal with it next time a similar situation occurs. When the tire senses that the ground material is different, the driving method will also be adjusted. The friction coefficient of gravel roads, asphalt roads or rainy roads is different, and the driving method must also be adjusted. The interactive relationship between the tire and the driver can also evaluate the driver's physical and mental state.

[0130] The capacitance sensing values ​​of tire pressure on uphill and downhill roads are also different. The capacitance of the front wheels increases first when starting an uphill climb and decreases first when starting a downhill climb. Double yellow solid lines on the road divide the road into two lanes, prohibiting vehicles from crossing or turning. These lines have different dielectric constants and are made of conductive materials. When a tire contacts them, it will register and the driver will be aware of them. Similarly, a person's posture and mental state can be measured while sitting on a capacitive chair at work or lying on a capacitive bed.

[0131] The same capacitive sensing values ​​measured on clothing and pants are combined with conductive electrodes and control circuitry to generate the capacitive sensing values ​​on a bed or chair. These two types of information can then be used to calibrate the database. For example, when lying upright in bed, the back of the clothing is straight, the legs are straight with the knees unbent, and the thighs are straight, touching the bed. Standing in an elevator, the feet are straight, and sitting on the toilet, the legs should be at a 90-degree angle. Another example of capacitive sensing is that when standing, sweatpants measure 4nF on the left buttocks, 6.2nF when sitting on a chair, and 10nF when the chair has a conductive electrode. Therefore, when sitting in a car seat, we can measure different effects with the chair and pants together, and also analyze the pants values ​​with and without the electrodes on the chair.

[0132] For example, a car has electrodes, while a work chair doesn't, so the measured values ​​are different. This allows us to distinguish the composition of an object. The presence or absence of electrodes, the material of the electrodes, the dielectric constant, and even the elasticity of the object can all have different values. In other words, an inelastic chair will have a higher value because you're directly pressing on it. A springy chair will have a lower value. This way, we can determine whether the chair we're sitting on is elastic. Furthermore, the speed of capacitance sensing varies; a firm, inelastic chair reacts faster. Similarly, a 4-centimeter-wide back piece of clothing, used to measure the degree of bending in a person's posture, measures 330pF without conductive electrodes and 490pF with electrodes.

[0133] The principle is the same as for pants, allowing for mutual calibration between the chair back and clothing. Let's clarify again: the two items, clothing and chair, are sensing the same person. The difference is that the sensing capacitance between one item, clothing, and another, with or without a controller and sensing electrodes, is different. Similarly, both inner and outer clothing have abdominal breathing sensing electrodes. The underwear's electrodes are half the size, while the outer layer's are twice as large. When both are worn together, the coat measures 260-465 pF for breathing, while the underwear measures 230-614 pF. When neither the outer layer nor the outer layer is worn, the outer layer measures 300-740 pF, while the underwear measures 170-363. This demonstrates that the values ​​measured by two different items for the same user can interact with each other, allowing for comparison and calibration. Previously, we mentioned using sock insoles and shoe soles to measure gait, but there's a crucial difference: socks rest completely against the skin.

[0134] Therefore, this method of gait analysis is the most accurate when performed without shoes. However, if the insole and sole are not in full contact, the accuracy of the measurements may be imperfect due to the incomplete fit between the shoe and the foot. If gait analysis is performed using insoles, the non-contact sensing capacitance value described in the fourth example can be used for correction, similar to the sensing function between hands and conductive fabric discussed above. However, when performed on the sole of a shoe, there are still inaccuracies. Accelerometers or cameras can be used to generate correction data, thus obtaining more accurate information. To correct the data, we can use the previous methods, such as the gait signal generated between the conductive area on the insole surface and the sole of the foot. We can also measure the capacitance generated when there is no capacitive induction between the insole or sole and the person. The data from these two measurements must be completely positively correlated, otherwise correction is required. Another function is to measure the force applied. If the sensing range of the electrode in contact with the foot has been exceeded and no change has occurred, the external electrode can be used to supplement the force data. This is because we can modify the material to produce different capacitance response values. This is especially true when the contact with the skin is saturated with sweat or moisture. Similarly, on clothing and pants, the capacitance sensed by the electrodes on the body must be positively correlated with the capacitance change generated by the corresponding motor force on the outer layer of clothing. Otherwise, corrections must be performed. Similarly, the magnitude of the applied force can be fully measured thanks to a second-layer database for analysis and correction. Similarly, on-body electrode sensing can also assist with corrections for external items. The capacitance sensed by external items such as clothing, shoes, and socks can also measure the magnitude of the applied force. Of course, the direction of the force can be distinguished, whether it originates from the body or the external environment, because the order of force applied to each layer is different. For example, when walking, whether the foot first hits the insole or the sole first interacts with the ground can determine the proper fit between the foot and the shoe. Furthermore, when the conductive areas and transmission lines of electrodes on an object or body experience signal attenuation due to washing or use, electronic corrections can be made. For example, if the value of a bent elbow was originally 100pF, it could now be reduced to 50pF. This correction can be made in the database, allowing clothing and other products to be used continuously because each sensing electrode will update the database over time. Let's use gait as an example of behavioral detection. Capacitive sensors in insoles or shoes can now measure gait analysis, including gait behavior, left-right foot balance, and body center of gravity changes. Adding an accelerometer here can detect significant changes in capacitance when wearing shoes or not when riding an escalator or elevator. This allows for the design of a start switch with a switch in one of the conductive sensing areas. The system activates when a certain force is applied. When no external force is sensed, for example, when the shoe is removed, the system activates and deactivates to save power. This also records behavioral patterns: when the shoe is in use and when it is not.Preferably, a global positioning system (GPS) is installed so that the user's gait trajectory can be displayed, which is of great help to lost elderly people; preferably, a camera is installed on the shoe to monitor the external situation, so that the changes in the user and the external environment during gait can be fully sensed.

[0135] When all the electrodes in the above items interact with the user or other objects, sometimes the contact between the reference electrode and the body or other objects is not good. In this case, a reference electrode must be reselected from other electrode sheets to serve as the reference ground. The circuit design is shown in Figure 20.

[0136] The present invention relates to a method, article, and system for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using capacitive sensing principles. The system utilizes at least one article in contact with the user, such as clothing and pants, socks, insoles, and shoe soles, as well as other articles in the user's environment, such as a car for driving, a soccer ball or basketball for playing sports, a chair for sitting, or a bed for lying down. Each article has at least one conductive area disposed therein. The conductive area forms a capacitor between the human body and the object when in direct or indirect contact, or the article itself has a conductive area that directly or indirectly contacts other articles, generating an inductive capacitance, or the user's skin has electrodes that sense changes in capacitance with the outside world. When pressure, tension, or tension is applied between the human body and the article, or between articles, the capacitance changes when a signal is provided. Changes in temperature or humidity between the human body and the article, or between articles, can cause changes in capacitance. Furthermore, changes in capacitance can occur when other materials are added between the article and the human body, or between articles. This capacitance change is expressed as frequency, voltage, or current, generating a frequency, voltage, or current change. This resonant frequency, voltage, or current change is leveraged to build a data collection library for different positions between a person and an object, or between objects. The data features of the person and object, or between objects, acquired at different body positions and postures are then used to extract models of the person's and objects' behavior and external environmental changes. These extracted features are then used to identify motion between the person and the object, or between objects. This includes identifying whether the capacitance between the object and the person, or between objects, changes due to motion or changes in ambient temperature or humidity at the start of use. Furthermore, changes in capacitance between the object and the person, or between objects, caused by external force, can be used to analyze behavioral changes caused by external forces. When human behavior is detected, breathing, sweating, and even pulse and heartbeat can be simultaneously measured.

[0137] This patented behavioral informatics (BI) uses capacitance-based informatics to study behavior to gain behavioral intelligence and insights. It utilizes capacitance changes between objects and people, between objects, and between conductive electrodes on people and objects or the environment. The resulting capacitance data integrates science and technology. Its purpose includes analyzing current behavior and inferring possible future behavior. This is achieved through pattern recognition. Specifically, the system uses electrodes on the user's skin, objects on the user's body, or nearby objects to collect information about object and user activity, capturing individual activity and the individual's surroundings. These capacitance signals are transmitted to a computer system executing a learning program. The learning program constructs a personalized model of behavior and external environmental conditions, further developing one or more customized multidimensional predictive models. These multidimensional predictive models are then used to predict future behavior and provide notifications of predicted unsafe or undesirable outcomes.

[0138] Preferably, a computer system is provided that is connected to a capacitive sensor and executes a learning routine that responds to multiple dimensions, wherein the data from the capacitive sensor reflects the habits, activities and / or position changes of the behavioral individual and the order in which they occur in the individual, and a learning routine is constructed for the individual to construct one or more personalized behavioral dynamic state models and transitions between different states.

[0139] Preferably, the learning routine also develops one or more customized multidimensional predictive models for the individual and uses the multidimensional predictive models to predict possible future behaviors, the notification system issues notifications, warning behaviors, or changes in activities associated with unsafe or undesirable outcomes based on the predictions, and transmits the notifications or warnings to the individual or associated recipients.

[0140] Preferably, the external environment includes changes in temperature, humidity, surface material or external force.

[0141] Preferably, the object and the body, or the objects and the objects directly or indirectly contact the conductive area, thereby forming a capacitor between the two.

[0142] Preferably, the articles include articles that come into contact with the human body and may be clothes, hats, pants, masks, socks, shoes, bed sheets, pillows, gloves, glasses, watches, bracelets, backpacks, purses, suitcases, baskets, handbags, skis, skates, surfboards, sports equipment, toothbrushes, cigarettes, pens, computers, mobile phones, cars, balls, tires, steering wheels, crutches, tablecloths, chairs, carpets, slippers, insoles, seat belts, or man-made products, including robots, prosthetic limbs, artificial eyes and artificial ears.

[0143] Preferably, the object and the body or the object and the other object both have a circuit that provides a signal to detect capacitance changes.

[0144] Preferably, the conductive area of ​​the object or body includes: conductive electrodes directly on the surface of the skin of the body, on the inside and outside of the skin, or only inside the skin; objects in direct or indirect contact with the skin, where the object has capacitive sensing function with the human body; objects worn on the user, but without capacitive sensing function with the skin, but with capacitive sensing function with the outside world; objects and people are not wearable devices, but are independent, where the electrodes of the object have capacitive sensing function with the wearable object or skin of the human body; objects and people have no interactive relationship, but capacitive sensing between two objects that are not in contact with the body; interactive relationship between people produces capacitance change; and finally, capacitive sensing with electrode areas on the floor or carpet.

[0145] Preferably, each person wears a wearable item and warms up by stretching all muscles before exercise. This dynamic stretching activates all muscles and simultaneously recalibrates the data in the standard database between the original items and people. The behavior detection between the wearable item and the person is then performed. The items include: clothes, pants, socks, and shoes.

[0146] Preferably, by sensing the capacitive sensing data obtained by different objects at the same time, more complete behavioral pattern analysis and processing can be detected; for example, clothes with controllers can detect posture changes, and controllers on chairs can also detect human posture, which can make behavioral pattern analysis more accurate and obtain more information.

[0147] Preferably, by utilizing these objects at different body positions, the different capacitance data change characteristics of each object are used to extract a model of the behavior of the human body and the object and the changes in the external environment, and then the extracted feature data is used to perform movement between the human body and the object or between objects.

[0148] Preferably, the system detects the interaction between the user and objects on the body, nearby objects, or non-near objects and the environment, and generates capacitance sensing changes to collect object, environment and user activities, and capture individual activities or changes in the individual's surrounding environment.

[0149] Preferably, the item is a shoe sole. The conductive area of ​​the sole can detect the user's gait analysis and can also determine the different capacitance changes due to different surface materials, so the surface material can be determined. In addition, there is an interactive relationship with a football. This is the same principle. We can measure which part of the sole or upper contacts the football and applies force. In the same way, when a person is in a car, motorcycle, or bicycle, the wheels are the shoes.

[0150] Preferably, the physiological information or posture detected at the same location can be further confirmed and corrected using objects on the user's body or surrounding objects; for example, the capacitive sensing system in the car and the sensing of the body's clothes, socks and shoes can be used together to analyze the user's driving behavior pattern.

[0151] Preferably, the physiological information or posture detected at the same location can be further confirmed and corrected using electrodes on the user's skin and external objects. In other words, such data can be used to measure the analysis and processing of behavioral patterns, especially when the electrodes are on the skin, so that it can be used to correct the behavioral database between objects and people.

[0152] Preferably, the sensing of the bed corresponds to the capacitive sensing of the pajamas, and they can also confirm and calibrate the database with each other.

[0153] Preferably, the item is a shoe sole, and the conductive area of ​​the shoe sole can detect the user's gait analysis. At the same time, different capacitance changes due to different surface materials can also be detected, so the material of the surface can be known.

[0154] Preferably, the shoe sole is changed into a wheel, and the movement of the wheel and the material change on the ground surface can be detected; for example, when a person is in a car, on a motorcycle, or on a bicycle.

[0155] Preferably, the objects are the upper and sole of a shoe, which can measure the user's gait analysis and the interaction with the football to sense the behavior of the football player.

[0156] Preferably, the object is a floor, a road, a grass or a carpet; in the above cases, changes in temperature, pressure, material or humidity between the object and a person or the object or other objects will produce capacitance changes.

[0157] Preferably, the data is analyzed to form, represent, computationally model, analyze, learn, simulate, and understand the impact, utility, and non-occurrence of behavior of individuals and groups, so as to conduct "behavioral intervention and management."

[0158] Preferably, the data is analyzed by warming up and stretching the muscles of the whole body before exercise, which can also recalibrate the database data. In addition, after exercise, you should do stretching exercises so that you can recalibrate the items; for example, the data in the database of clothes, pants, socks and shoes can be corrected.

[0159] Alternatively, the capacitance values ​​of objects used to analyze gait can be used to predict changes in knee or hip flexion angles. Alternatively, the capacitance sensed by objects at the knee or hip joints can be used to predict the foot's posture or state. This allows foot items, such as socks, insoles, and shoes, to be used to calibrate a database of knee or hip items, such as clothing, knee pads, and pants. Similarly, the capacitance values ​​sensed by objects at the knee or hip joints can be used to calibrate a database of socks, insoles, and shoes. Similarly, the capacitance values ​​measured by clothing or elbow pads at the elbows can be used to predict and calibrate the arm's posture and state. Similarly, during walking, running, and climbing stairs, both hands and feet move regularly. Therefore, the capacitance values ​​measured by objects on the left side of the body can be used to predict or calibrate a database of objects on the right side, such as clothing, pants, socks, and shoes. This means that the data from clothing, pants, socks, and shoes can be used to predict and calibrate a database of clothing, pants, socks, and shoes located elsewhere. For example, the change in capacitance value of the left knee can predict the capacitance value of clothes, pants, socks, insoles and shoes on the same side and different sides, and can also calibrate the data in the database.

[0160] Preferably, when the capacitance value of a certain part of the body measured by the objects under the same conditions increases, but the capacitance values ​​of objects in other parts do not change, it indicates that the humidity or temperature of a certain part of the body increases. However, if the induced capacitance values ​​of the objects in all parts of the body increase or decrease, this indicates that the temperature or humidity of the body or the environment has changed. At this time, the capacitance changes of objects that are not in contact with the person are used to distinguish. If the conductive capacitance values ​​of non-contact objects such as soles, shoe uppers, balls, and the outer surface of helmets increase or decrease, this indicates that the environment has changed, not the body.

[0161] Preferably, the reference ground of the object is a conductive area in contact with the skin as the reference ground, and the resulting capacitance sensing is a numerical value; but when there is material isolation, the reference ground does not directly contact the skin. At this time, the change in capacitance sensing includes the change caused by the reference ground, so it can be known that there is a change in the body part of the reference ground.

[0162] Preferably, the electrode of the object reference ground is not in contact with the skin. In this way, when there is no change in the position of the object sensing area, the measured capacitance value is the change in the position of the reference ground. For example, when the knee is standing still, the value measured at the knee is 200pf, but when clothes are worn inside the pants, the value measured is 166-175pf. This is because the reference ground of the waistband is changed due to the influence of breathing.

[0163] Preferably, the reference ground of the article, such as clothes, pants, or socks, is a position in stable contact with the body, such as a circle of conductive material around the back, waist, thigh, calf, sole of the foot, or neck as the reference ground. Another method is to provide many points on the clothes and pants as reference grounds. In addition, there can be a reference ground in contact with the skin at each sensing point, for example, there is a reference ground on the elbow, so when the elbow is bent, a value of the elbow bending will be generated.

[0164] Preferably, the reference ground of the object can be shared with other objects to serve as a reference ground. If there is a problem with the capacitance sensing value obtained, a new reference point needs to be replaced as the reference ground. The signal circuit switches to the new reference point. By changing the reference ground, a better and more stable signal can be obtained, and the results of the user's behavior changes can also be understood.

[0165] Preferably, the capacitive sensing analysis can be combined with the function of inductance between the electrodes of the object and the user, a 9-axis acceleration sensor, a camera or a GPS positioning system to enhance the effect of detecting behavior and environmental changes.

[0166] Preferably, sensors within the same item can measure changes in different physiological and postural characteristics of the body. For example, a capacitive sensor in pajamas can not only measure breathing but also detect whether the wearer is sleeping upright, on their back, on their side, and with or without a blanket, thereby assessing sleep quality. For example, abdominal breathing garments and breathing pants can also detect whether the wearer is standing or sitting. Furthermore, any breathing garment or pants that measures breathing information can also provide information on perspiration and respiratory rate variability (RRV).

[0167] Preferably, if the item is a sock or insole, gait analysis can be measured with only two parallel electrodes that do not touch the skin. This is because socks fit the foot well, allowing for the most accurate gait analysis data. If the conductive electrodes are on the insole, the foot will not be in contact with the insole, and the resulting capacitance value will be delayed. However, this problem can be analyzed and addressed. For example, the time from when the heel or toe approaches the insole until the foot and insole come into contact, or the time from when the heel separates from the shoe, can be calculated. By dividing the two parallel lines into multiple segments, each segment being an independent capacitance sensor of the foot, we can more clearly understand the relationship between the user's foot and shoe and achieve more accurate gait analysis.

[0168] Preferably, the sole and the ground have two parallel conductive materials, such as silver cloth, so that different capacitance changes will be generated when walking due to the relationship with the ground, and gait analysis can be measured. At the same time, different materials, such as asphalt roads, grass, tiles, carpets, etc., will have different measured capacitance values. This is because the dielectric constants of these materials are different. In this way, I can know what environment I am in at the same time, and there is still a capacitive sensing effect. That is, the sole and the ground are not in contact, but as they get closer, the measured capacitance value will increase. In this way, the distance and changes between the sole and the ground can be known, rather than just the pressure changes between the sole and the ground when the foot steps on the ground. If there are more conductive areas on the sole of the foot, more detailed information can be obtained. The capacitance value generated by changes in the ground is different. For example, if there is water on the ground, the capacitance value of the ground will be different when it is up and down. The temperature and humidity of the ground are different in spring, summer, autumn and winter, which will produce different capacitance changes.

[0169] Preferably, the object is a ball having two or more conductive areas. The force exerted by a shoe on the ball, a shoe on the ball, or a body on the ball is proportional to the change in the ball's capacitance. Furthermore, multiple conductive areas can detect the location of force, the magnitude and direction of the force, and how far the effect of the force will travel. GPS and accelerometers can also be included, so the trajectory and direction of the ball can be determined. Whether the soccer net has conductive electrodes and a signal circuit or not can determine whether the ball has entered the net or hit the net's railings, as the net and railings have different hardness and materials. If the ball is blocked or caught by a defender, the capacitive sensing signal on the defender will generate a strong signal, allowing one to visualize the movement relationship between all players on the soccer field.

[0170] Preferably, the object is a ball, and the ball has two or more conductive areas. When the ball is caught by the hand, the force of the ball hitting the ground is proportional to the change in the capacitance value of the ball. In addition, multiple conductive areas can detect which position is under force, the magnitude and direction of the force, and how far the effect of the force will travel. At the same time, GPS and acceleration sensors can also be included, so that the trajectory and direction of the ball can be known. The basketball and the basketball board are like the sole of a shoe and the floor. When the electrode of the basketball collides with the basketball board, the capacitance of the basketball will change greatly. If it hits the metal of the basket hoop, the controller in the basketball will detect a stronger capacitance reaction. If it enters the net, the capacitance induction will change, but not instantaneously. The signal is generated because the basketball hits the backboard with impact. If the basketball net is made of conductive material, the capacitance change will become more obvious. If it is a side shot or a direct slam dunk, the difference between the two is that in a slam dunk, the hand will directly hit the ball into the net, and the time is very short. The basketball is in contact with the hand for a long time and the net for a very short time. In a slam dunk, the hand will be in contact with the basket frame. At the same time, people's sports movements are really different. When slam dunking, the legs need to be lifted to the height of the person, while when hitting the side shot, the body will only have a very smooth rhythm to send the basketball into the basket. If there is a conductive area and a controller on the basketball board, then the basketball board itself can react and there will be a synchronized change relationship between the two.

[0171] Preferably, the items are clothing, pants, socks, a baseball, a bat, and shoe soles. The conductive areas on the shoe soles can detect the user's gait analysis and also detect changes in capacitance due to different surface materials, thereby determining the surface material. A baseball player's foot does not leave the ground during a slide, but the body's center of gravity shifts, which reduces the capacitance between the shoe sole and the surface. A pop-up slide is a type of runner's slide in which the runner slides directly toward the base, allowing them to immediately push off and run if the fielder misses the ball. Especially if the bases also have conductive areas and a control system, and if both the baseball and bat have conductive areas, the entire play on the field can be flawlessly recorded and analyzed.

[0172] Preferably, the objects are skin electrodes, and the capacitance values ​​generated by the skin electrodes and electrodes at the same position are used to adjust or correct the positions of objects on the body and the database; for example: clothes, pants, socks, gloves, hats, masks, earmuffs, shoes, skirts, prosthetic hands, prosthetic feet, alien limbs, belts, waistbands, backpacks, waist bags, glasses, mountaineering bags, helmets, and metaverse headgear; this can lead to better behavioral patterns and analysis, which is the effect of the interaction between objects such as clothes and electrodes on the skin.

[0173] Preferably, the skin electrodes themselves may also have a control circuit for sensing capacitance changes of the above-mentioned external clothing, etc. The skin electrodes themselves are stretched or contracted when the body bends, expanded or contracted when breathing, and are affected by external environmental pressure or tension, ambient temperature or humidity; changes in body humidity or temperature cause changes in capacitance, so that capacitance changes at different positions of the body can be measured, as well as capacitance changes between other positions, such as when the left leg is raised on the right leg, and the left hand is placed on the chest. In this way, physiological information such as breathing, posture, humidity, and temperature can be measured, and behavioral pattern analysis and processing can also be measured. At the same time, the function of the electrode itself can also be directly measured, such as: measuring blood sugar, lactate, glucose, caffeine and alcohol.

[0174] Preferably, the tires of cars, bicycles, and motorcycles are objects, and the tires have sensing electrodes and control circuits to detect the condition and changes of the tires. Students can also know the conditions of the external ground. For example, if one of the four tires of a car is flat, the capacitance value measured by this tire will be significantly different from the original value. At the same time, the capacitance sensing values ​​of the other three tires will also be different. This can be used as a tire pressure monitor. At the same time, each tire may contact a different surface, so the surface conditions can be known. At the same time, driving conditions can be changed to ensure driving safety. For example, if the front wheel passes over a pothole, if the force of the car passing over the pothole is large, the result of the rear wheel passing over the pothole can be recorded, so that the next time a similar situation occurs, the user will know how to deal with it. When the tire senses different ground materials, the driving method will also be adjusted. The friction coefficient of gravel, asphalt, or rainy roads will also be different, so the driving method must also be adjusted. The interaction between the tire and the driver can also assess the driver's physical strength and mental state. The capacitance sensing values ​​of the tires under pressure on uphill and downhill sections are also different. The capacitance value of the front wheels will increase first when starting to go uphill, and will decrease first when starting to go downhill. If there is a double yellow solid line on the ground, it is used to divide the road into two-way lanes, and vehicles are prohibited from crossing and turning. The dielectric constant of the double yellow solid line is different. When it is still a conductive material, the tire will record it when it comes into contact with it, and the driver must also be aware of it. Similarly, a person's posture and mental state can be measured while sitting on a capacitive chair at work or lying on a capacitive bed. The values ​​measured on the same clothes and the conductive electrodes and control circuits on the bed or chair generate the measured capacitance sensing values. These two types of information can also calibrate the database with each other.

[0175] Preferably, when all the electrode pieces of the object interact with the user or other objects, when the capacitance value between the reference ground electrode of the reference point and the body or other objects is unstable, a new reference electrode is selected as the reference ground.

[0176] Preferably, the items mentioned are helmets, safety helmets, hats, swimming caps, clothes, pants, glasses, headscarves, masks, watches, bracelets, gloves, socks, sheets, pillows, insoles, headphones, rings, nail stickers and other personal items, all of which have conductive areas to measure capacitance; in addition, there are also items not close to the body, such as: soles, uppers, backpacks, cars, basketball hoops, football frames, ground, tires, balls, chairs, beds, and electrodes on human skin. In this way, there will be a database to present the internal or external force movements of different positions and joints of the body, and the corresponding values ​​of capacitance sensing; the movement capacitance changes of other objects, the capacitance changes of the environment; in this way, there can be a database to carry out artificial intelligence computing systems.

[0177] Preferably, the skin electrodes can also be used to measure electrocardiogram, electromyogram, brain waves, body fat, respiration and other physiological information at the same time, and the transmission line can also be used for wireless transmission to a receiver, such as a mobile phone; more importantly, clothes, pants, socks, hats, masks, etc., whether close-fitting or not, the conductive electrodes on the skin are such as totems, paintings, tattoos or patches on the skin. As long as there is a wire in the same position on the clothes, the capacitive sensing of the skin electrode can be received. Of course, it is best that this wire or electrode is not in direct contact with the skin electrode, that is, the skin electrode is covered by an insulating layer or a non-conductive material, or the conductive wire or electrode on the object, such as clothing, is on the side of the fabric that is not close to the skin. In this way, the fabric sensing circuit can also accurately obtain various physiological functions and behavioral information of the human body.

[0178] Preferably, the objects mentioned are the car, the driver, and the items on his body. For example, there are conductive electrodes on the car's steering wheel, chair, seat back, headrest, foot brake, seat belt, accelerator and door. Under such a system, the driver's behavior and mental state can be known, and breathing can also be measured. If the driver also wears capacitive sensing clothing, the results can be calibrated with the results measured by the items in the car, and a camera can also be used to enhance the calibration function.

[0179] Preferably, the tires of cars, bicycles and motorcycles are objects, and the tires have sensing electrodes and control circuits to detect the condition and changes of the tires. They can be used as tire pressure detectors and can also know the conditions of the external ground. For example, if one of the four tires of a car is leaking, the capacitance value measured by this tire will be very different from the original value. At the same time, the capacitance sensing values ​​of the other three tires will also be different. If the dielectric constant of the double yellow solid line on the ground is different and it is a conductive material, the tire will record it when it touches it and can also notify the driver.

[0180] Preferably, if two different objects are measuring the same thing at the same time, the capacitance values ​​of the two objects will sense each other, so that in addition to detecting information, it can also be used for calibration.

[0181] Preferably, a capacitance sensor is generated between at least one conductive area of ​​the object and the body, or between the object and the environment, or a capacitance sensor is generated between the conductive area of ​​the skin and the object or the environment, or a capacitance sensor is generated between the conductive area of ​​the object and the conductive area electrode of the body, or a capacitance sensor is generated between the conductive areas of both the object and the other object, and the capacitance values ​​measured by these capacitance sensors are used to establish a database of information.

[0182] The description of the present invention and other technical contents, features, and effects will be clearly presented in the detailed description of the relatively preferred embodiments shown in the reference scheme. Through the description of the specific implementation method, a deeper and more specific understanding of the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose can be obtained. However, the supplementary description is for reference and explanation only and is not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A system that uses the principle of capacitive sensing to detect user behavior and changes in the external environment, characterized in that, The system includes: At least one item; At least one conductive region disposed on the item or the body; A circuit that provides a signal; A capacitance sensor is generated between at least one conductive region of the item and the body, or between the item and other items, or between the item and the environment, or a capacitance sensor is generated between the conductive region of the body and the item or the environment. The charging or discharging circuit is composed of resistors R, capacitors C, inductors L, operational amplifiers, diodes, Schmitt triggers, CMOS, transistors, or ICs connected in series or parallel with the capacitance sensor to change the signal range of frequency, period, voltage, or current; When between the item and the body, between the item and other items, or between the item and the external environment, or between the body electrode and the item or between the body electrode and the environment; When there is a change in the dielectric constant, distance, or pressure, tensile force, torsion, or tension between the above two, or when there is a change in force or dielectric constant between the item and the body, the item and other items, or the item and the environment, or between the body electrode and the item or the environment, the capacitance value will change. The signal circuit emits a signal of the capacitance change, and the system receives and measures the change in capacitance, where the change is represented by a change in frequency, period, voltage, or current; and Detect changes in the user's behavior and the external environment based on changes in capacitance values to measure physiological changes, postural changes, interactions between the body and the item or the environment, or medium changes, and changes between the item and other items or the environment, and capture the activities of the individual and related interacting items or capture changes in the surrounding environment of the individual or the item.

2. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, There is a computer system that connects to the capacitance sensor and executes a multi-dimensional learning routine. The data capacitance sensor reflects the habits, activities, and / or position changes of the behavioral individual and the order in which they occur in the individual, and constructs one or more behavioral personalized dynamic state models for the individual and learning routines for the transitions between different states.

3. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 2, wherein The learning routine also develops one or more customized multi-dimensional prediction models for the individual and uses the multi-dimensional prediction models to predict future possible behaviors, notifies the system to issue notifications, warning behaviors, and activity changes associated with unsafe or undesirable outcomes according to the prediction, and transmits the notifications or warnings to the individual or the associated recipient.

4. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein The external environment includes changes in temperature, humidity, the material on the ground surface, or external force intervention.

5. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The item and the body, or the item and other items are in direct or indirect contact with the conductive region, thus forming a capacitance between the two.

6. The system for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein The item includes items in contact with the human body, including: clothes, hats, pants, masks, socks, shoes, sheets, pillows, gloves, glasses, watches, bracelets, backpacks, leather bags, suitcases, vegetable baskets, handbags, snowboards, roller skates, surfboards, sports equipment, toothbrushes, cigarettes, pens, computers, mobile phones, cars, balls, tires, steering wheels, crutches, tablecloths, chairs, carpets, slippers, insoles, seat belts; or artificial products, including robots, prosthetics, artificial eyes, and artificial ears.

7. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the item and the body or the item and other items have a circuit that provides a signal to detect capacitance changes.

8. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive regions of the item or the body include: conductive electrodes directly on the body's skin surface, with electrodes both inside and outside the skin or only inside the skin; items directly or indirectly in contact with the skin, where the item has a capacitive induction function with the human body; items worn on the user's body but having no capacitive induction function with the skin, instead having a capacitive induction function with the outside world; a situation where the item is not a wearable device with respect to the person but is independent, and there is a capacitive induction function between the electrodes of the item and a wearable item on the human body or the skin; capacitive induction between two items that have no interaction with the person but are not in contact with the body; capacitive changes resulting from the interaction between people; capacitive induction in an electrode region on the floor or carpet.

9. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Everyone wears items. Before exercise, warm up and stretch the muscles throughout the body in a dynamic stretching manner to activate the muscles throughout the body and at the same time re - calibrate the data in the original standard database between the item and the person, and then conduct behavior detection between the wearable item and the person; the items include: clothes, trousers, socks, shoes.

10. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, Capacitive induction data obtained by different items sensing the user at the same time enables more complete detection, analysis, and processing of behavior patterns, including: detecting posture changes when wearing clothes with a controller, and at the same time, the controller on the chair also detects the human posture, which makes the behavior pattern analysis more accurate and obtains more information.

11. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using these items at different body positions, extract models of the behavior of the human body and the item and the changes in the external environment based on the different capacitance value data change characteristics of each item, and then use the extracted characteristic data to perform movements between the human body and the item or between items.

12. The system for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein When the system detects the interaction between the user and the items on the body, or the items close or not close to the user and the environment, the capacitance value induction change value generated by their interaction is used to collect information about the items, the environment, and the user's activities, and to capture the activities of the individual or the changes in the individual's surrounding environment.

13. The system for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein, The item mentioned is the sole of the shoe. The conductive region of the sole measures the gait analysis of the user, and at the same time, there are different capacitance changes due to different surface materials of the ground, so as to know the material of the ground surface; in addition, it can also detect the interaction between the shoe and the football, and measure the parts of the sole or the upper of the shoe that come into contact with the football and apply force; when a person is in a car, on a motorcycle, or on a bicycle, the shoes are replaced by wheels.

14. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle, wherein For the physiological information or postures at the same detected position, use the items on the user's body or periphery for further confirmation and calibration, including: the capacitive induction system in the car and the sensing of clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes on the body.

15. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, For the physiological information or postures at the same detected position, use the electrodes on the user's skin and the items on the periphery for further confirmation and calibration, and the obtained data is used for the analysis and processing of the measurement of behavior patterns. In particular, the electrodes are on the skin and are used to calibrate the behavior database between the item and the person.

16. The system for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 14, characterized in that, For the physiological information or postures at the same detected position, use the items on the user's body or periphery for further confirmation and calibration. The induction of the bed corresponds to the capacitive induction of the pajamas, and at the same time, both mutually confirm and calibrate the database.

17. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The article is a sole. The conductive area of the sole measures the gait analysis of the user, and at the same time, there are different capacitance changes due to different surface materials, so the material of the surface is known.

18. The system for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 17, wherein The said sole is replaced by a wheel, and the movement of the wheel and the material changes on the surface are measured; the situations where the said sole is replaced by a wheel include: when a person is in a car, on a motorcycle, or on a bicycle.

19. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The article is the upper and sole of a shoe, which measures the gait analysis of the user and the interaction relationship with a football, and senses the behavior of a football player.

20. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein The said article is a floor, a road, grass, or a carpet; in the above situations, capacitance changes will occur due to changes in temperature, pressure, material, and humidity between the article and a person, between articles, or between an article and other articles.

21. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 9, wherein, Analysis of data is used for the formation, representation, computational modeling, analysis, learning, simulation of individual and group behaviors, as well as the understanding of the impact, utility, and non-occurring behaviors of behaviors, in order to carry out "behavior intervention and management".

22. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 9, characterized in that, Analysis of data warms up the muscles of the whole body before exercise, and at the same time corrects the data in the database again; in addition, after exercise, stretching exercises are done to correct the article again; the articles to be corrected include: data correction of the databases of clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes.

23. The system for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein When the capacitance value of a certain part of the body measured by the article increases under the same circumstances, but the capacitance values of the articles in other parts do not change, it means that the humidity or temperature of a certain part of the body increases. However, if the inductive capacitance values of the articles in all parts of the body increase or decrease, this means that the temperature or humidity of the body or the environment has changed. At this time, the capacitance change of the article not in contact with a person is used to distinguish. The articles not in contact include: the sole, the upper, the ball, and the outer surface of the safety helmet. When their conductive capacitance values increase or decrease, this means it is a change in the environment, not a change in the body.

24. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The reference ground of the article uses the conductive area in contact with the skin as the reference ground, and the capacitance sensed is a value; but when there is a material isolation, the reference ground does not directly contact the skin. At this time, the change in capacitance sensing includes the change generated by the reference ground, so it is known that there is a change in the body part of the reference ground.

25. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 24, characterized in that, The electrode of the article's reference ground is not in contact with the skin. In this case, when there is no change in the sensed area of the article, the measured capacitance value is the change in the position of the reference ground. The changes include: when the knee stands still, the value measured at the knee is 200 pf, but when there are clothes inside the trousers, the measured value is 166 - 175 Pf. This is because of the influence of breathing, which causes the change in the reference ground of the trouser waist.

26. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein The articles include: the reference grounds of clothes, trousers, and socks are the positions in stable contact with the body, including the back, the waist, the thighs, the calves, the soles of the feet, or a conductive material wound around the neck as the reference ground. Another method is to have multiple points on the clothes and trousers as the reference ground; in addition, there is a reference ground in contact with the skin at each sensing point, including: there is a reference ground on the elbow. Therefore, when the elbow bends, the value of the elbow bend will be generated.

27. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 24, characterized in that, The reference ground of an item is shared with other items as the reference ground. When there are problems with the obtained capacitance sensing value, a new reference point needs to be used as the reference ground, and the signal circuit is switched to the new reference point. By changing the reference ground, a better and more stable signal can be obtained, and at the same time, the results caused by the behavior changes of the user can be known.

28. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein The function of capacitance sensing analysis plus the inductance between the electrodes of the item and the user, a 9-axis acceleration sensor, a camera, or a GPS positioning system is used to enhance the effect of detecting behavior and environmental changes.

29. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensors of the same item detect the changes in different physiological and postural states of the body, including: the capacitance sensor of the pajamas detects not only breathing but also the sleeping position and the situation of covering the blanket to evaluate the sleep quality; the abdominal breathing clothes and breathing pants detect the standing and sitting conditions of the user, breathing information, sweating, and the information of respiratory rate variability (RRV).

30. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein For an item that is a sock or insole, gait analysis can be measured as long as there are two non-skin-contact electrode pieces on the left and right that are not in contact. Since the sock fits the foot, the most accurate gait analysis data can be measured. In addition, if the conductive electrode is on the insole, there will be a problem that the foot does not contact the insole, and the obtained inductive capacitance value will also be delayed. Delay correction is required. The delay correction includes: the time when the heel or toe approaches the insole until the foot contacts the insole, and the time when the heel separates from the shoe can be calculated. The two separated conductive sheets are divided into multiple segments, and each segment is an independent capacitance induction with the foot. In this way, the relationship between the user's foot and the sock or insole can be known more clearly and more accurate gait analysis can be measured.

31. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitive sensing principle, characterized in that, The item mentioned is a shoe. There are two non-contact conductive materials on the sole. The conductive materials include silver fabric. When walking, different capacitance changes will occur due to the interaction with the ground, and gait analysis can be measured. At the same time, for different materials, including: asphalt road, grassland, tile, carpet, the measured inductive capacitance values are different because the dielectric constants of these materials are different. In this way, the environment where the item is located can be measured. Similarly, there is still the effect of capacitance induction. That is to say, when the sole of the shoe does not touch the ground surface but gets closer and closer, the measured capacitance value will increase, so that the distance and change between the sole of the shoe and the ground surface can be measured, rather than only the pressure change between the sole of the shoe and the ground when the foot steps on the ground surface. When there are more conductive areas on the sole of the foot, more detailed information can be obtained. Different capacitance values are generated due to changes on the ground. The changes on the ground include: there is water on the ground, the ground is uneven. At this time, the capacitance values are different. The temperature and humidity of the ground surface are different in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, so different capacitance changes will occur.

32. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein The object is a ball, which has more than two conductive areas. The force of stepping on the ball, kicking the ball and blocking the ball with the body is proportional to the change in the capacitance value of the ball. In addition, multiple conductive areas detect the position of the force, the magnitude and direction of the force, and the distance of the effect of the force. GPS and acceleration sensors are also included to know the trajectory and direction of the ball. The ball is a football. Due to the different hardness and materials of the net and the railing, there are conductive electrodes and a signal circuit on the football net, or there are no electrode wires and signal circuits to measure the situation of the football entering the net. The situation of the football entering the net includes the football entering the net, the football not entering the net or the football hitting the railing of the net. When the football is blocked or caught by the defender, the capacitive sensing signal on the defender will generate a strong message. At the same time, each player's clothes, pants and shoes have conductive areas and signal circuits, so as to obtain the movement relationship between all people on the football field.

33. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The object is a ball, and the ball has more than two conductive areas. When the hand grasps the ball, the force of the ball hitting the ground is proportional to the change in the capacitance value of the ball. In addition, multiple conductive areas detect the position of the force, the magnitude of the force and its direction. At the same time, there are GPS and acceleration sensors to know the trajectory and direction of the ball. The ball is a basketball. When the electrode of the basketball collides with the basketball board, the capacitance of the basketball will change greatly. When the basketball hits the metal of the basket frame, the controller in the basketball detects a strong capacitance reaction. When the basketball enters the net, the capacitance induction changes, but it is not an instantaneous signal, because the basketball has an impact force when hitting the backboard. The basketball net contains conductive materials that make the capacitance change obvious. When it is a side ball or a direct dunk, the difference is that when dunking, the hand directly hits the ball into the net, the basketball contacts the hand for a long time and the net for a short time. When dunking, the hand will contact the basket frame. At the same time, the movement of people is very different. When the side ball is rubbed, the body is very smooth to send the basketball into the basket. There are also conductive areas and controllers on the basketball board. There is a synchronous change relationship between the reaction of the basketball board itself and the basketball controller.

34. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the items are clothes, pants, socks, baseballs, bats and bases with conductive areas and control systems, the conductive area on the sole can measure the user's gait analysis, and because of different surface materials, there are different capacitance changes. The surface material is measured, the baseball player's feet will not leave the ground during the sliding action, but the center of gravity of the body will shift, and the capacitance value between the sole and the surface will decrease. The entire game process in the baseball field will be recorded and analyzed.

35. The system according to claim 1 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The objects are skin electrodes, which use the capacitance value generated by the skin electrodes and the electrodes at the same position to adjust or correct the position and database of objects on the body, including: clothes, pants, socks, gloves, hats, masks, earmuffs, shoes, skirts, prostheses, alien limbs, belts, waistbands, backpacks, waist bags, glasses, mountaineering bags, helmets, and metaverse headgear; to obtain better behavioral patterns and analysis, which is the effect of the interaction between the electrodes on the skin of the objects.

36. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 35, characterized in that, The skin electrode itself has a control circuit for sensing the capacitance change of the outer clothing. When the body bends, the skin electrode expands or contracts; when breathing, the skin electrode expands or contracts; due to changes in external environmental pressure or tension, environmental temperature or humidity, body humidity or temperature, capacitance changes occur, thereby measuring the capacitance changes at different positions on the body and simultaneously measuring the capacitance changes between positions, including: lifting the left leg onto the right leg, placing the left hand on the chest, thereby measuring physiological information including: breathing, posture, humidity, temperature, and analyzing and processing the measured behavior patterns.

37. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein The articles are the tires of cars, bicycles, and motorcycles. The tires have induction electrodes and a control circuit to detect the conditions and changes of the tires and simultaneously obtain information about the external ground. When one of the four tires of a car has a flat tire, the capacitance value measured by this tire is very different from the original value, and the capacitance induction values of the other three tires are also different. This is used as a tire pressure detector. Since each tire contacts a different part of the ground, the situation on the ground can be known, and the driving situation can be changed accordingly to ensure driving safety. When the front wheel passes over a pothole, the force of the vehicle passing over the pothole is very large, and the result of the rear wheel passing over the pothole is recorded for handling under the same circumstances next time. When the tires sense that the material of the ground is different, the driving method will also be adjusted. The friction coefficient is different on gravel roads, asphalt roads, or rainy roads, and the driving method needs to be adjusted accordingly. The interaction relationship between the tires and the driver is used to evaluate the physical and mental state of the driver; the capacitance induction values of the tires under pressure are also different on uphill and downhill sections. At the start of going uphill, the capacitance value of the front wheel first increases, and at the start of going downhill, the capacitance value of the front wheel first decreases. The double yellow solid lines on the ground are used to divide the road into two-way lanes, prohibiting vehicles from crossing and making U-turns. When the dielectric constant of the double yellow solid lines is different and they are made of conductive materials, the tires will record the contact and notify the driver.

38. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein When the capacitance value between the reference electrode of the reference ground and the body or other articles is unstable during the interaction between all the electrode plates of the articles and the user or other articles, a new reference electrode is selected as the reference ground.

39. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, wherein, The articles include personal items: helmets, safety helmets, hats, swimming caps, clothes, trousers, glasses, headscarves, masks, watches, bracelets, gloves, socks, sheets, pillows, insoles, earphones, rings, nail patches. The personal items have conductive areas for measuring capacitance; the articles also include non-personal items: soles, uppers, backpacks, cars, basketball hoops, football frames, the ground, tires, balls, chairs, beds, and electrodes on the human skin. In this way, there will be a database to present the corresponding capacitance induction values for the internal or external forces acting on different positions and joints of the whole body; the capacitance changes during the movement of other articles, and the capacitance changes in the environment; in order to obtain a database for the operation system of artificial intelligence.

40. The system according to claim 35 for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitive sensing principle, characterized in that, The skin electrode is used to measure physiological information, which includes: electrocardiogram, electromyogram, brain wave, body fat, and respiration. The transmission line is used for wireless transmission to a receiver, which includes: a mobile phone; the close-fitting and non-close-fitting items include: clothes, trousers, socks, shoes, hats, masks. The conductive electrodes on the skin include: totems, paintings, tattoos, or electrode patches pasted on the skin. As long as there are wires or electrodes on the close-fitting and non-close-fitting items at the same position and receive the capacitive induction of the skin electrode, and the wire or electrode does not directly contact the skin electrode, that is, the skin electrode is covered by an insulating layer or non-conductive material, or the conducting wire or electrode on the close-fitting and non-close-fitting items is on the side of the fabric that is not close to the skin, so that the fabric sensing circuit can accurately obtain various different physiological functions and behavioral information of the human body.

41. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The items are the vehicle, the driver, and the items on the body, including: the steering wheel, seat, backrest, headrest, foot brake, seat belt, accelerator, and car door of the vehicle. Conductive electrodes are provided at these items, and in such a system, the behavior, mental state, and respiration of the driver are measured.

42. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 41, wherein When the driver wears capacitive sensing clothes and trousers, the results measured from the items on the vehicle are mutually corrected with each other, or a camera is used to enhance the correction function.

43. The system for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, When two different items measure the same object, the capacitance values of the two items are mutually induced and corrected while detecting the information.

44. The system for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Capacitive sensors are generated between at least one conductive area of the item and the body, or between the item and other items, or between the item and the environment, or between the conductive area of the skin and the item or the environment, or between the conductive area of the item and the conductive area electrode of the body, or between the conductive areas of two items. The capacitance values measured by these capacitive sensors establish the data of a database.

45. A method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the principle of capacitive sensing, characterized in that, Among them, the method includes: At least one item; At least one conductive area is provided on the item or the body; A circuit for providing a signal; Capacitive sensors are generated between at least one conductive area of the item and the body, or between the item and other items, or between the item and the environment, or between the conductive area of the body and the item or the environment. A charging or discharging circuit is formed by resistors R, capacitors C, inductors L, operational amplifiers, diodes, Schmitt triggers, CMOS, transistors, or ICs connected in series or parallel with the capacitive sensors to change the signal range of frequency, period, voltage, or current; When between the item and the body, between the item and other items, or between the item and the external environment, or between the body electrode and the item or between the body electrode and the environment; When there is a change in the dielectric constant, distance, or pressure, tension, torsion, or tension between the above two, or when there is a change in force or dielectric constant between the item and the body, between the item and other items, or between the item and the environment, or between the body electrode and the item or the environment, the capacitance value will change. The signal circuit emits a signal of the capacitance change, and the system receives and measures the change in capacitance, where the change is represented by a change in frequency, period, voltage, or current; and Detect changes in the user's behavior and the external environment based on changes in capacitance values to measure physiological changes, postural changes, interactions between the body and objects or the environment, or changes in the medium, as well as changes between objects and other objects or the environment, and capture the activities of individuals and related interactive objects or the changes in the surrounding environment of individuals or objects.

46. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein A computer system that connects to a capacitance sensor and executes a learning routine in response to multiple dimensions. The data capacitance sensor reflects the habits, activities, and / or position changes of an individual and the order in which they occur in the individual, and a learning routine that constructs one or more behavioral personalized dynamic state models for the individual and the transitions between different states.

47. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 46, characterized in that, The learning routine also develops one or more customized multi-dimensional prediction models for the individual and uses the multi-dimensional prediction models to predict future possible behaviors, notify the system to issue notifications, warning behaviors, and activity changes associated with unsafe or undesirable outcomes based on the predictions, and transmit the notifications or warnings to the individual or related recipients.

48. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The external environment includes temperature, humidity, changes in the material on the ground surface, or external force intervention.

49. The method for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein, The object and the body, or the object and another object are in direct or indirect contact with the conductive area, thus forming a capacitance between the two.

50. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, Objects include items that come into contact with the human body, including: clothes, hats, pants, masks, socks, shoes, sheets, pillows, gloves, glasses, watches, bracelets, backpacks, leather bags, suitcases, vegetable baskets, handbags, snowboards, roller skates, surfboards, sports equipment, toothbrushes, cigarettes, pens, computers, mobile phones, cars, balls, tires, steering wheels, crutches, tablecloths, chairs, carpets, slippers, insoles, seat belts; or artificial products, including robots, prosthetics, artificial eyes, and artificial ears.

51. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, Both the object and the body or the object and another object are provided with a circuit for providing a signal to detect capacitance changes.

52. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The conductive area of the object or the body includes: conductive electrodes directly on the body skin surface, both inside and outside the skin or only inside the skin; objects directly or indirectly in contact with the skin, with capacitance sensing function between the object and the human body; objects worn on the user's body, but having no capacitance sensing function with the skin, but having capacitance sensing function with the outside world; objects that are not wearable devices between the object and the person, but are independent, and there is capacitance sensing function between the electrodes of the object and the wearable object or the skin of the human body; there is no interaction between the object and the person, but there is capacitance sensing between two objects that are not in contact with the body; capacitance changes are generated by the interaction between people; capacitance sensing of the electrode area on the floor or carpet.

53. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, Everyone wears items. Before exercise, warm up the muscles of the whole body through dynamic stretching. While activating the muscles of the whole body, recalibrate the data in the original standard database between the item and the person again, and then perform behavior detection between the wearable item and the person; the items include: clothes, pants, socks, shoes.

54. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using a capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, Capacitance sensing data obtained by different items sensing the user at the same time can more comprehensively detect behavior pattern analysis and processing, including: detecting postural changes when wearing clothes with a controller, and at the same time, the controller on the chair also detects the posture of the human body, making the behavior pattern analysis more accurate and obtaining more information.

55. The method for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein Using the items in these different body positions, a model for extracting the behavior of the human body and the items and the changes in the external environment based on the varying capacitance value data characteristics of each item is established. Then, the extracted characteristic data is used to perform movements between the human body and the items or between the items and the items.

56. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, When the system detects the interaction between the user and the items on the body, or the items in the vicinity, or the items and the environment that are not in the vicinity, the capacitance value induction change values generated by their interaction are used to collect information about the items, the environment, and the user's activities, and to capture the changes in the activities of the individual or the surrounding environment of the individual.

57. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein The item mentioned here is the sole of the shoe. The conductive area of the sole is used to analyze the user's gait. At the same time, different capacitance changes occur due to different surface materials, so the material of the surface can be known. In addition, it can also detect the interaction between the shoe and the football, and measure the parts of the sole or the upper of the shoe that come into contact with the football and apply force. When a person is in a car, motorcycle, or bicycle, the shoes are replaced by wheels.

58. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The physiological information or postures at the same detected position are further confirmed and corrected using the items on or around the user's body, including the capacitance sensing systems in the car and the sensing of the user's clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes.

59. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The physiological information or postures at the same detected position are further confirmed and corrected using the electrodes on the user's skin and the items around the user's body. The obtained data is used for the analysis and processing of the measurement of the behavior pattern. In particular, the electrodes are on the skin and are used to correct the behavior database between the item and the person.

60. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 58, characterized in that, The physiological information or postures at the same detected position are further confirmed and corrected using the items on or around the user's body. The induction of the bed corresponds to the capacitance induction of the pajamas, and at the same time, both mutually confirm and correct the database.

61. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, The item is the sole of the shoe. The conductive area of the sole is used to analyze the user's gait. At the same time, different capacitance changes occur due to different surface materials, so the material of the surface can be known.

62. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 61, characterized in that, The sole of the shoe is replaced by a wheel, and the movement of the wheel and the changes in the materials on the surface are measured. The above situation where the sole of the shoe is replaced by a wheel includes: when a person is in a car, motorcycle, or bicycle.

63. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, The items are the upper and sole of the shoe. The user's gait analysis and the interaction with the football are measured to sense the behavior of the football player.

64. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein, The items mentioned are the floor, road, grass, or carpet; in the above situations, capacitance changes will occur due to the changes in temperature, pressure, material, and humidity between the item and the person, or between the item and other items.

65. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 54, wherein, The analysis of the data is used to form, represent, calculate, model, analyze, learn, simulate the individual and group behaviors, as well as to understand the influence, utility, and non-occurring behaviors of the behaviors, in order to perform "behavior intervention and management".

66. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 54, wherein, The analysis of the data warms up the muscles of the whole body during the pre-exercise warm-up stretch, and at the same time, the data in the database is corrected again; in addition, after the exercise, stretching exercises are done to correct the items again. The items to be corrected include: the data correction of the databases of clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes.

67. The method for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein, When the capacitance value of a certain body part measured by an item increases under the same conditions, but the capacitance values of the items at other body parts remain unchanged, it indicates that the humidity or temperature of a certain body part has increased. However, if the inductive capacitance values of the items at all body parts increase or decrease, this indicates that the temperature or humidity of the body or the environment has changed. At this time, the capacitance change of the item not in contact with the person is used to distinguish. The items not in contact include: the soles of shoes, the upper surfaces of shoes, balls, and the outer surfaces of safety helmets. When their conductive capacitance values increase or decrease, this indicates a change in the environment rather than a change in the body.

68. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein The reference ground of the item uses the conductive area in contact with the skin as the reference ground, and the capacitance sensed is a certain value; but when there is a material isolation, the reference ground does not directly contact the skin. At this time, the change in capacitance sensing includes the change generated by the reference ground. Therefore, it is known that there is a change in the body part of the reference ground.

69. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 68, characterized in that, The electrode of the item's reference ground is not in contact with the skin. In the case where there is no change in the sensed area of the item, the measured capacitance value is the change in the position of the reference ground. The changes include: when standing still on the knee, the value measured at the knee is 200 pf, but when there are clothes inside the pants, the measured value is 166 - 175 Pf. This is because of the influence of breathing, which causes the change of the reference ground at the waistband of the pants.

70. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein The items include: the reference grounds of clothes, pants, and socks are the positions in stable contact with the body, including the back, waist, thighs, calves, soles of the feet, or a conductive material wound around the neck as the reference ground. Another method is to have multiple points on the clothes and pants as the reference grounds; in addition, there is a reference ground in contact with the skin at each sensing point, including: there is a reference ground on the elbow. Therefore, when the elbow is bent, the value of the elbow bend will be generated.

71. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 68, characterized in that, The reference ground of the item is shared by other items as the reference ground. When there is a problem with the obtained capacitance sensing value, a new reference point needs to be used as the reference ground, and the signal circuit is switched to the new reference point. By changing the reference ground, a better and more stable signal can be obtained, and at the same time, the results caused by the behavior changes of the user can be known.

72. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, Capacitance sensing analysis is combined with the function of the inductance between the electrode of the item and the user, and a 9 - axis acceleration sensor, a camera, or a GPS positioning system is used to enhance the effect of detecting behavior and environmental changes.

73. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein The sensors of the same item detect the changes in different physiological and postures of the body, including: the capacitance sensor of the pajamas detects not only breathing but also the sleeping posture and the situation of covering the blanket to evaluate the sleep quality. The abdominal breathing clothes and breathing pants detect the standing and sitting situation of the user, breathing information, sweating, and the information of respiratory rate variability (RRV).

74. The method for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, The article is about using two non-skin-contact electrode patches on socks or insoles for gait analysis. Since the socks fit closely to the feet, the most accurate gait analysis data can be obtained. Additionally, if the conductive electrodes are on the insole, there may be problems with the feet not contacting the insole, and the measured capacitance values may be delayed, requiring delay correction. The delay correction includes calculating the time from when the heel or toe approaches the insole until the foot contacts the insole, and the time when the heel separates from the shoe. The two separated conductive patches are divided into multiple segments, each segment being an independent capacitance sensor for the foot, so as to more clearly understand the relationship between the user's foot and the sock or insole and obtain more accurate gait analysis.

75. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The article mentioned is a shoe with two non-contact conductive materials on the sole. The conductive materials include silver fabric. When walking, different capacitance changes will occur due to the interaction with the ground, enabling gait analysis. At the same time, for different materials, such as asphalt roads, grasslands, tiles, and carpets, the measured capacitance values are different because the dielectric constants of these materials are different, thus enabling the detection of the surrounding environment. Similarly, there is still a capacitance sensing effect, that is, when the sole and the ground surface are not in contact but getting closer, the measured capacitance value will increase, thereby measuring the distance and changes between the sole and the ground surface, rather than just the pressure change between the sole and the ground when the foot touches the ground surface. When there are more conductive areas on the sole, more detailed information can be obtained. Different capacitance values are generated due to changes on the ground, including water on the ground, uneven ground surface. The capacitance values are different at this time. The temperature and humidity of the ground surface are different in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, resulting in different capacitance changes.

76. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein The article is about a ball with more than two conductive areas. The force of the shoe stepping on the ball, kicking the ball, and the body blocking the ball is proportional to the change in the capacitance value of the ball. Additionally, multiple conductive areas can detect the position of the force, the magnitude and direction of the force, and the distance the force effect travels. At the same time, there are GPS and acceleration sensors to obtain the trajectory and direction of the ball. The ball is a football. Due to the different hardness and materials of the goal net and the railing, whether there are conductive electrodes and a signal circuit on the football net or no electrode wires and signal circuit, the situation of the football entering the goal can be measured. The situation of the football entering the goal includes the football entering the goal, the football not entering the goal, or the football hitting the railing of the goal net. When the football is blocked or caught by the goalkeeper, a strong signal will be generated by the capacitance sensing signal on the goalkeeper. At the same time, each player's clothes, pants, and shoes have conductive areas and signal circuits, thereby obtaining the movement relationship between all personnel on the football field.

77. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein The object is a ball. The ball has more than two conductive regions. When holding the ball by hand, the force with which the ball hits the ground is proportional to the change in the capacitance value of the ball. In addition, multiple conductive regions can detect the position where the force is applied, the magnitude of the applied force and its direction. At the same time, there are a GPS and an acceleration sensor inside to obtain the traveling trajectory and direction of the ball. The ball is a basketball. When the electrode of the basketball touches the backboard, the capacitance of the basketball will change greatly. When the basketball touches the metal of the basket ring, the controller inside the basketball detects a strong capacitance reaction. When the basketball enters the net, there is a change in capacitance induction, but it is not an instantaneous signal. Because the basketball has an impact force when hitting the backboard, the basketball net contains conductive materials, making the capacitance change obvious. When it is a bank shot or a slam dunk, the difference is that during a slam dunk, the hand directly throws the ball into the net, the contact time between the basketball and the hand is long and the contact time with the net is short. During a slam dunk, the hand will touch the basket ring, and at the same time, the movement actions of the person are very different. While during a bank shot, the body smoothly sends the basketball into the basket. There are also conductive regions and a controller on the backboard. There is a synchronous change relationship between the reaction of the backboard itself and the basketball controller.

78. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitive sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein When there are conductive regions and a control system on items such as clothes, trousers, baseballs, baseball bats and base pads, the conductive regions on the soles can measure the gait analysis of the user, and there are different capacitance changes due to different surface materials, measuring the materials of the surface. When a baseball player slides into a base, both feet do not leave the ground, but the center of gravity of the body shifts, and the capacitance value between the soles and the surface decreases. The entire game process in the baseball field is recorded and analyzed.

79. The method for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, The object is a skin electrode. The capacitance values generated by the skin electrode and the electrode at the same position are used to adjust or correct the position and database of the items on the body, including: clothes, trousers, socks, gloves, hats, masks, earmuffs, shoes, skirts, prosthetics, heterologous limbs, belts, waistbands, backpacks, fanny packs, glasses, hiking bags, helmets, headgear in the metaverse; to obtain better behavior patterns and analysis, which is the effect generated by the interaction between the electrodes of the items on the skin.

80. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 79, wherein The skin electrode itself has a control circuit to sense the capacitance change of the outer clothes. When the body bends, the skin electrode stretches or contracts. When breathing, the skin electrode expands or contracts. Due to changes in external environmental pressure or tension, environmental temperature or humidity, body humidity or temperature, capacitance changes occur, thereby measuring the capacitance changes at different positions of the body. At the same time, the capacitance changes between positions are measured, including: lifting the left leg on the right leg, putting the left hand on the chest, thereby measuring physiological information including: breathing, posture, humidity, and measuring behavior pattern analysis and processing.

81. The method for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, The article is about the tires of cars, bicycles and motorcycles. The tires are equipped with induction electrodes and a control circuit to detect the conditions and changes of the tires, and at the same time obtain information about the external ground. When one of the four tires of a car has a flat tire, the capacitance value measured by this tire will be very different from the original value, and the capacitance induction values of the other three tires will also be different. This is used as a tire pressure detector. Since each tire contacts a different part of the ground, information about the ground can be obtained, and the driving condition can be changed accordingly to ensure driving safety. When the front wheel passes over a pothole, the force exerted on the car when passing over the pothole is large, and the result of the rear wheel passing over the pothole is recorded for future handling under the same circumstances. When the tire senses that the material of the ground is different, the driving method will also be adjusted. The friction coefficients of gravel roads, asphalt roads or rainy roads are different, and the driving method needs to be adjusted. The interaction between the tire and the driver is used to evaluate the physical and mental state of the driver; the capacitance induction values of the tires under pressure on uphill and downhill sections are also different. At the start of going uphill, the capacitance value of the front wheel first increases, and at the start of going downhill, the capacitance value of the front wheel first decreases. The double yellow solid lines on the ground are used to divide the road into two-way lanes, prohibiting vehicles from crossing and making U-turns. When the dielectric constants of the double yellow solid lines are different and they are made of conductive materials, the tire will record the contact and notify the driver.

82. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, When there is an interaction between all the electrode plates of the article and the user or other articles, and the capacitance value between the reference electrode of the reference ground and the body or other articles is unstable, a new reference electrode is selected as the reference ground.

83. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, The article includes personal items: helmets, safety helmets, hats, swimming caps, clothes, trousers, glasses, headscarves, masks, watches, bracelets, gloves, socks, sheets, pillows, insoles, earphones, rings, nail stickers. These personal items have conductive areas to measure capacitance; the article also includes non-personal items: soles, uppers, backpacks, cars, basketball hoops, football frames, the ground, tires, balls, chairs, beds, and electrodes on the human skin. In this way, a database is formed to present the corresponding capacitance induction values for the internal and external forces acting on different parts of the body and joints; the capacitance changes during the movement of other items and the capacitance changes in the environment; to obtain a database for an artificial intelligence computing system.

84. The method according to claim 79 for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitive sensing principle, characterized in that, The skin electrodes are used to measure physiological information, which includes: electrocardiogram, electromyogram, brain waves, body fat, respiration. The transmission line is used for wireless transmission to a receiver, which includes: a mobile phone; personal and non-personal items include: clothes, trousers, socks, shoes, hats, masks. The conductive electrodes on the skin include: totems, paintings, tattoos or electrode plates pasted on the skin. As long as there are wires or electrodes on the personal and non-personal items at the same position, and they receive the capacitance induction of the skin electrodes, the wires or electrodes do not directly contact the skin electrodes, that is, the skin electrodes are covered by an insulating layer or non-conductive material, or the wires or electrodes on the personal and non-personal items are on the side of the fabric that is not close to the skin, so that the fabric sensing circuit can accurately obtain various different physiological functions and behavior information of the human body.

85. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, The items are the vehicle, the driver, and the items on the driver, including: the vehicle's steering wheel, seat, backrest, headrest, foot brake, seat belt, accelerator, and door. Conductive electrodes are provided at these items, and in such a system, the driver's behavior, mental state, and respiration are measured.

86. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 85, characterized in that, When the driver wears capacitive sensing clothing, the results measured with the vehicle items are mutually calibrated with each other, or a camera is used to enhance the calibration function.

87. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, There are two different items with the same measurement object, and the capacitance values of the two items are mutually induced, and calibration is performed while detecting the message.

88. The method according to claim 45 for detecting user behavior and changes in the external environment using the capacitance sensing principle, characterized in that, Capacitive sensors are generated between at least one conductive area of the item and the body, or between the item and other items, or between the item and the environment, or between the skin conductive area and the item or the environment, or between the conductive area of the item and the conductive area electrode of the body, or between the conductive areas of two items. The capacitance values measured by these capacitive sensors establish the data of a database.

89. The method for detecting user behavior and external environment changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, characterized in that, The capacitance value of the gait analyzed by the item is used to predict the change in the bending angle of the knee joint or hip joint, or the inductive capacitance sensed by the item at the knee joint or hip joint is used to predict the posture or state of the foot.

90. The method for detecting user behavior and external environmental changes using the capacitance sensing principle according to claim 45, wherein, The capacitance value of the gait analyzed by the item is used to correct the data of the capacitive sensor database of the item at the knee joint or hip joint, or the inductive capacitance value sensed by the item at the knee joint or hip joint is used to correct the data in the capacitive sensor database of the item of the foot.

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