Low-speed, large-scale, side-unloading mining dump truck capable of lateral travel

Abstract

A low-speed, large-scale, side-unloading mining dump truck capable of lateral travel. The dump truck comprises wheels, a cargo compartment, a chassis, a cab, an engine, and a driving transmission mechanism. Two axles are mounted on a single support, a turntable is installed at the upper end of the support and is connected to the chassis, and the axles, the support, the turntable, and wheels form a support unit that enables angle adjustment of the wheels relative to the chassis. A plurality of support units are arranged and mounted on two sides of the chassis. A drive mechanism for synchronously rotating the supporting units and a driving transmission mechanism for the whole vehicle are mounted on the chassis. A plurality of hydraulic cylinders for sideward tilting and lifting of the cargo compartment are installed between a lateral middle part of the chassis and a lateral middle part of the cargo compartment. Hinge mechanisms are provided on two sides of the cargo compartment and the chassis, and configured to alternately hinge and unhinge the cargo compartment relative to the chassis. The beneficial effects of the present invention lie in overcoming the challenge of side unloading for a dump truck and removing constraints on the length and width of the vehicle compartment of the dump truck.

Description

A low-speed, large side-dump truck for mining that can travel laterally

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on January 12, 2024, with application number 202410047826.7 and application name “Large-scale low-speed side-dump truck for mining capable of traveling laterally”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The invention belongs to the field of automobiles, and in particular relates to a large dump truck for mines. Background Art

[0003] Existing dump trucks all unload from the rear. This means the cargo compartment is lifted toward the front of the cab, the rear deck opens, and the compartment tilts backward to a certain angle for the bulk material to slide down and onto the ground. Rear-dump trucks require a corresponding tilt angle for bulk material to slide down the cargo compartment. This requires a longer longitudinally longer compartment, which not only increases the length and number of sections of the hydraulic cylinders that lift the cargo compartment, but also raises the center of gravity of the loaded compartment to a higher height during unloading, compromising overall vehicle stability. Furthermore, terrain and wind conditions pose a risk of vehicle overturning, making increasing the length of the compartment and achieving a larger cargo compartment volume unfeasible. The development of large dump trucks suitable for transporting minerals within mining areas lags far behind demand. While some larger dump trucks are currently available for mining use, they remain limited to the existing dump truck structure, consisting of simply enlarged components, making significant increases in cargo capacity difficult.

[0004] Obviously, the width of a cargo compartment is much smaller than its length. If larger dump trucks were to unload from the rear of the vehicle to one with the compartment tilted sideways, the lift height during unloading could be reduced, eliminating the instability of the vehicle during unloading and potentially overcoming the current obstacles to developing large-capacity dump trucks. However, sideways unloading inevitably results in rocks and lumps rolling in front of and behind the wheels, hindering their rolling motion after unloading and preventing the vehicle from moving away. Changing the wheel's rolling direction before unloading, thus avoiding the obstruction of falling rocks when restarting the wheels, would be a more realistic approach to developing side-unloading dump trucks. However, no corresponding technical solutions have been found. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-speed large-scale side-unloading dump truck for mining that can travel laterally, so as to overcome the above-mentioned obstacles in the development of large-scale and super-large dump trucks for mining.

[0006] The invention discloses a low-speed, large-scale, side-dumping dump truck for use in mining, which can travel laterally. The truck comprises a frame (girder), axles, wheels, an engine, a cab, a cargo compartment, a driving power transmission mechanism for driving the active wheels, a braking system, a hydraulic system for lifting the cargo compartment, and a vehicle travel and unloading control system. The improvements made are:

[0007] Two axles are assembled onto a support, with a turntable mounted on top of the support, which is then connected to the vehicle frame. The two axles, a support, a turntable, and the wheels on the axles form a support unit that allows the wheels to vary their horizontal angle relative to the frame. The number of drive axles selected in each support unit is determined by the vehicle's drive wheel configuration.

[0008] Multiple support units are mounted on a wide, long frame. These support units are mounted on the frame in two groups: one concentrated at the front and the other concentrated at the rear. The frame is equipped with a corresponding number of engines based on the desired vehicle load, the number of support units used, and the power of each individual engine. The frame also houses a driving power transmission mechanism that drives the active wheels, a drive mechanism that rotates each support unit relative to the frame, and a control device for the support unit rotational drive mechanism.

[0009] A plurality of cargo compartment lateral tilting and lifting hydraulic cylinders are installed along the longitudinal direction of the frame between the transverse middle part of the frame and the transverse middle part of the cargo compartment, and an articulated mechanism for mutually hinged and unhinged conversion of the cargo compartment and the frame is provided on both sides of the cargo compartment and the frame, so as to facilitate the selection of unloading on the left and right sides of the vehicle body.

[0010] In the present invention, the turntable in the support unit is preferably a turntable with inner and outer rings that rotate relative to each other, or a turntable with upper and lower flat plates that rotate relative to each other.

[0011] The inner and outer rings of the turntable rotate relative to each other, comprising an inner ring with an axial mounting hole and an outer ring with an axial mounting hole. The inner and outer rings have opposing steel ball rolling grooves on their outer circumferential surfaces. Steel balls are mounted in these grooves. The inner and outer rings are mounted on the support for rotation, while the outer rings are mounted on the frame for stationary rotation.

[0012] The aforementioned turntable, wherein the upper and lower flat plates rotate relative to each other, comprises an annular lower plate fixed to a support and an annular upper plate mounted on a frame. The lower plate is the rotating side, while the upper plate is the fixed side. Lubricant is filled between the upper and lower plates, causing them to rotate relative to each other through friction. Alternatively, opposing annular grooves are formed on the opposing surfaces of the upper and lower plates, with rolling elements mounted in the grooves. The rolling elements support the relative rotation of the upper and lower plates and radially position them relative to each other. A blocking member is provided within the inner bore or outer circumference of the annular turntable to prevent the upper and lower plates from separating.

[0013] In the present invention, the driving power transmission mechanism for driving the active wheels includes: a high-position horizontal drive shaft directly or indirectly driven by the engine power output shaft; a high-position reversing gearbox fixedly mounted above the support unit with the drive axle relative to the vehicle frame; a low-position reversing gearbox fixed to the lower end of a support in the support unit; a vertical drive shaft between the high-position reversing gearbox and the low-position reversing gearbox, passing through the support unit; and a low-position horizontal drive shaft between the low-position reversing gearbox and the drive axle. The length of the high-position horizontal drive shaft driven by each engine and the number of high-position reversing gearboxes connected thereto are determined based on the number of support units with drive axles driven by a single engine. The high and low-position reversing gearboxes reverse the rotational torque via a pair of bevel gears within the gearboxes.

[0014] In the present invention, the rotation drive of each support unit is selected from one of the following structures: driven by a hydraulic motor configured for each support unit, driven by a worm gear mechanism installed on the turntable, pulled by a wire rope wound on the turntable, or driven by a hydraulic motor supplemented by wire rope pulling.

[0015] Hydraulic motor drive: Circumferential gear teeth (teeth) are machined or a gear ring is installed on the rotating side of the turntable. The hydraulic motor is mounted on the frame or on the fixed side of the turntable. A transmission gear is installed between the hydraulic motor and the gear teeth on the rotating side of the turntable.

[0016] Worm Gear Drive: Worm gear teeth are machined or a worm gear ring is installed on the rotating side of the turntable, where the portion exposed from the fixed side. The worm gear mechanism housing is installed on the fixed side of the turntable. The end of the worm is connected to the hydraulic motor, or the worms in adjacent worm gear mechanisms are connected in series using a coupling to form a worm group, and the end of the worm group is connected to the hydraulic motor.

[0017] Wire rope winding and pulling: A wire rope winding groove is machined on the part of the rotating side of the turntable that is exposed from the fixed side, or a winding ring with a groove on the outer circumference is installed. The opposite ends of the two wire ropes are locked in the wire rope winding groove, or the middle part of a wire rope is locked in the winding groove. The locked wire ropes are wound in opposite directions along the winding groove. After winding to the set number of turns, the ends of the two wire ropes extend in opposite directions on the same side of the turntable. After leaving the required length of the wire rope to be wound corresponding to the set maximum rotation angle of the turntable, a pulling hydraulic cylinder is connected to the two ends, or the two ends are locked to a pull rod respectively, and a pulling hydraulic cylinder is connected to the two ends of the pull rod. Adjacent pull rods can also be combined into a long pull rod or connected into a pull rod group with connectors, and a pulling hydraulic cylinder is connected to the two ends of the pull rod group; the pull rod is radially constrained to the frame by a component fixed relative to the frame.

[0018] In the present invention, the control device for the support unit rotation drive mechanism utilizes a fully hydraulic steering gear. The fully hydraulic steering gear's high-pressure oil output pipe is connected to the hydraulic motor or hydraulic cylinder in the support unit steering drive mechanism. Valves are installed on the oil supply lines from the fully hydraulic steering gear to the front and rear support unit drive mechanisms to select and switch between synchronous rotation modes for the front and rear support units.

[0019] In the present invention, the engine is preferably a high-power diesel engine with an electronically controlled speed governor and an automatic transmission. The electronically controlled speed shift operating knobs of all diesel engines are overlapped and fixed to each other on the same axis, or the speed control wires of all diesel engines are connected to the contact point of a single speed control knob. This allows all diesel engines to change speed synchronously during operation.

[0020] To reduce fuel consumption by shutting down some of the engines in a vehicle equipped with multiple engines when the vehicle is idle or partially loaded, a further improvement of the present invention involves installing a clutch on the high-positioned horizontal drive shaft of some or all of the vehicle's power transmission mechanisms. This prevents the rolling wheels from transferring torque back into the stalled engines when some of the engines are stopped.

[0021] The articulated mechanism of the present invention for mutually hinged connection and undocked connection and mutual conversion between the cargo compartment and the frame includes: a plurality of corresponding hinge shaft hole seats respectively installed on both sides of the frame and both sides of the car body, and a plurality of synchronously movable pin shafts installed on the frame that can be inserted into or withdrawn from the hinge shaft holes; when the cargo compartment is flattened onto the frame, the corresponding hinge shaft hole seats on the cargo compartment and the frame have the axial connection and radial overlap of the hinge shaft holes; the pin shafts are distributed and fixed on the pin shaft driving rod, the pin shaft driving rod is assembled on the frame through a sliding sleeve, and the pin shaft driving rod is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or manually.

[0022] In order to facilitate transportation by road or rail and manufacture at a manufacturing site, the low-speed large dump truck of the present invention is divided into several parts, each of which is manufactured and transported separately. The whole vehicle is assembled after arriving at the site of use.

[0023] The present invention has the following positive effects: it overcomes the difficulty of sideways unloading from the cargo compartment of dump trucks. This method reduces the lift height of the cargo compartment, stabilizes the vehicle, and is less affected by wind and surface unevenness, eliminating the risk of overturning. It also eliminates the restrictions imposed by dump trucks on the cargo compartment and vehicle length. It can provide dump trucks for transporting minerals within large and ultra-large mines. Existing dump trucks for transporting ore within mines have a maximum load capacity of approximately 500 tons. The dump truck of the present invention has the potential to exceed 1,000 tons. The dump truck of the present invention is driven by multiple engines in a coordinated manner. The number of engines can be selected based on the load, load, and road conditions. Compared to existing large-scale dump trucks used in mines, which operate high-power engines in excess of the required power when unloaded, this method significantly reduces fuel consumption. The use of multiple hydraulic cylinders to lift and tilt the cargo compartment ensures uniform force distribution, reducing manufacturing costs. The wheel angle mechanism provides smooth transmission and a robust structure. The vehicle offers a high cost-effectiveness for both manufacturing and field use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG1 is an overall front view of a side-dumping dump truck according to the present invention.

[0025] FIG2 is a main side view of the support unit in the side-dumping dump truck of the present invention.

[0026] FIG3 is a top view of the support unit in the side-dump truck of the present invention.

[0027] FIG4 is a bottom view schematically showing the layout of multiple support units on the frame of the side-dump truck of the present invention.

[0028] FIG5 is a visual diagram of the side-dumping dump truck of the present invention in the unloading state at the rear of the vehicle.

[0029] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of the travel power transmission mechanism of the side-dumping dump truck of the present invention.

[0030] FIG7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the inner and outer ring turntables with gear teeth in the side-unloading dump truck of the present invention.

[0031] FIG8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the inner and outer ring turntables with worm gears in the side-unloading dump truck of the present invention.

[0032] FIG9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper and lower turntables in the supporting unit of the side-dumping dump truck of the present invention from a front view.

[0033] FIG10 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the worm gear drive mechanism and the vehicle body travel transmission mechanism selected for the corner drive mechanism of the support unit of the side-dumping dump truck of the present invention on the vehicle frame.

[0034] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel wire rope pulling mechanism used in the rotation drive mechanism of the support unit of the side-unloading dump truck of the present invention.

[0035] FIG12 is a bottom view of the side-dump truck of the present invention after the multiple support units are rotated relative to the frame.

[0036] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the linkage pins and pin drive rods for articulating the cargo compartment and the frame on both sides of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Referring to Figures 1, 4, 5, and 12, the present invention's low-speed, large, side-dumping dump truck for mining applications capable of horizontal travel comprises: wheels 1, a frame 2, a cargo box 3, an engine 4, a cab 5, a driving powertrain mechanism for driving the active wheels, a braking system similar to that of conventional vehicles, a hydraulic system for lifting the cargo box, and a vehicle travel and unloading control system. The hydraulic system for lifting the cargo box includes an oil tank, a high-pressure oil pump, a hydraulic cylinder, an oil pipeline, and valves.

[0038] Referring to Figures 2 and 3 , the improvements made are as follows: axles 6 are mounted on supports 7 using a shock-absorbing suspension. A turntable 8 is mounted on the upper end of the support 7, which is connected to the vehicle frame 2. The turntable 8, support 7, two axles 6, and the wheels 1 mounted on them form a support unit that enables the wheels 1 to change their angle horizontally relative to the vehicle frame 2. Both axles 6 in this support unit are drive axles. This embodiment uses heavy-duty commercial axles and heavy-duty tires.

[0039] Referring to Figures 1, 4, and 12, eight support units are mounted on a long, wide frame 2, approximately 30 meters long and 10 meters wide. These eight support units are divided into two groups. One group is mounted at the front of the frame 2, serving as both load-bearing and steering. The other group is mounted at the rear of the frame 2. Four domestically produced Shandong Weichai high-horsepower diesel engines (equipped with electronically controlled speed regulators and automatic transmissions) 4 are used. Each engine drives the turntables and wheels on two adjacent support units. The electric control knobs for the automatic transmissions of the four diesel engines 4 are coaxially mounted and fixed, or the electric speed control wires for the four diesel engines are connected to the contacts of a single speed control knob, enabling synchronized speed changes during operation.

[0040] A driving power transmission mechanism for driving the active wheels to roll, a support unit rotation drive mechanism, and a control device for the support unit rotation drive mechanism are installed on the vehicle frame 2.

[0041] Referring to Figure 5, eight cargo box lateral tilt lift hydraulic cylinders 9 are mounted longitudinally between the transverse center of the frame 2 and the transverse center of the cargo box 3. Articulated mechanisms are provided on both sides of the cargo box 3 and the frame 2 to enable the cargo box 3 to be unloaded from either side of the vehicle.

[0042] 7 , 8 and 9 , in this embodiment, the turntable on the support unit adopts a relatively rotating inner and outer ring type 8a, or a relatively rotating upper and lower flat plate type 8b.

[0043] The inner and outer rings of the turntable 8a, which rotate relative to each other (similar to conventional excavator turntables), comprise an inner ring 8a-1 with mounting holes around its circumference and an outer ring 8a-2 with mounting holes around its circumference. The inner and outer rings' outer circumferential surfaces have corresponding steel ball rolling grooves. Steel balls 8a-3 are mounted in the grooves, allowing the inner and outer rings to rotate relative to each other and lock axially and radially. The inner ring 8a-1 is mounted on the support 7 through its mounting holes, serving as the rotating side. The outer ring 8a-2 is mounted on the vehicle frame 2 through its mounting holes, serving as the fixed side.

[0044] The upper and lower flat plates rotate relative to each other in a rotating manner. The turntable 8b comprises an annular lower plate 8b-1 fixed to the support 7 as the rotating side, an annular upper plate 8b-2 mounted on the frame 2 as the fixed side, and rolling elements 8b-3 mounted in corresponding annular grooves on the opposing surfaces of the upper and lower plates. A cover 8b-4 is fixed to the upper plate 8b-2 to close the outer circumferential gap between the upper and lower plates and prevent them from separating. A wire rope winding groove 8b-5 is provided in the portion of the lower plate exposed from the cover 8b-4.

[0045] Referring to Figures 6, 2, and 10, the vehicle body transmission mechanism that drives the active wheels in this embodiment includes: a high-level horizontal drive shaft 12 driven directly or indirectly by the power output shaft of the diesel engine 4; a high-level reversing gearbox 13 fixedly mounted above the support unit with the drive axle relative to the vehicle frame; a low-level reversing gearbox 15 fixed to the lower end of the support unit's support bracket 7; a vertical drive shaft 14 extending through the support unit between the high-level reversing gearbox 13 and the low-level reversing gearbox 15; and a low-level horizontal drive shaft 16 connecting the low-level reversing gearbox 15 and the drive axle 6. The high-level horizontal drive shaft 12 is connected in series to two high-level reversing gearboxes 13. The two high-level reversing gearboxes 13 correspond to two low-level reversing gearboxes 15. The high and low-level reversing gearboxes reverse the rotational torque via a pair of bevel gears within the high and low reversing gearboxes. Universal joints are installed between the output shaft of the diesel engine 4 and the high-level horizontal drive shaft 12, as well as on the shafts entering and exiting the reversing gearboxes. The shaft is a structure in which two sections are connected by spline fitting.

[0046] A pneumatic or electromagnetic clutch 17 is installed on the two elevated horizontal drive shafts 12 at the rear of the vehicle frame, and on the elevated horizontal drive shaft 12 on the right front side of the vehicle frame, near the diesel engine 4. The diesel engine on the left front side of the vehicle frame 2 is designated as the main engine, which operates continuously during driving. The main engine drives the onboard air compressor and the high-pressure oil pump used for driving. When the vehicle is parked, the high-pressure oil pump that supplies oil to the cargo lift hydraulic cylinder 9 is driven by the diesel engine on the right front side of the vehicle frame 2.

[0047] In this embodiment, the hydraulic motors driving the turntables of the support units are similar to the drive mechanism of an excavator turntable. Specifically, circumferential gear teeth (see Figure 7) 8a-4 are machined on the upper end of the inner circumference of the inner ring 8a-1 of the inner and outer ring turntables 8a. Forward and reverse hydraulic motors driving each support unit are mounted on the vehicle frame 2. The hydraulic motors drive the inner ring 8a-1 of the turntable via a gear transmission.

[0048] Referring to Figures 8 and 10 , in this embodiment, the worm gears used to drive the synchronous rotation of the support units are as follows: In a configuration where the support units utilize inner and outer ring turntables 8a, worm gear teeth 8a-5 are machined below the inner ring 8a-1, where they protrude from the outer ring 8a-2. A worm gear 18 is assembled corresponding to the worm gear teeth on each turntable. The worm gear teeth 8a-5 and worm gear 18 are constrained to mesh with each other by a worm gear transmission mechanism housing fixed to the outer ring of the turntable. The two worm gears 18 of the two adjacent support units on the same side of the vehicle frame 2 are connected together by a universal joint 19. One end of the two connected worm gears 18 is connected to a forward and reverse hydraulic motor 20.

[0049] Referring to Figure 11 , in this embodiment, the structure of the winding wire rope drive for synchronous rotation of the support units is as follows: In the structure where the support units are mounted with inner and outer ring turntables 8a, two wire rope winding grooves are machined below the inner ring 8a-1, where the outer ring 8a-2 is exposed. The opposing ends of two wire ropes 21 are locked in their respective wire rope winding grooves. After the locked wire ropes 21 are wound one and a half or two and a half turns in opposite directions along the winding grooves, the ends of the wire ropes 21 extend in opposite directions from the turntable toward the inside of the vehicle frame 2. After leaving the required length of wire rope 21 for winding corresponding to the maximum rotation angle of the turntable 8a, the ends of the wire ropes are locked to respective tie rods 22. The wire ropes on two longitudinally adjacent support units on the vehicle frame 2 share a common tie rod 22. The tie rod 22 passes through a sliding sleeve 23 fixed relative to the vehicle frame 2. Each end of the tie rod is connected to a two-way hydraulic cylinder 24. The four tie rods 22 on the vehicle frame 2 require eight two-way hydraulic cylinders.

[0050] In this embodiment, the support unit drive mechanism control device utilizes a fully hydraulic steering gear (this type of steering gear is already used in common forklifts). The pressure oil output by the fully hydraulic steering gear drives the hydraulic motor 20 or hydraulic cylinder 24 in the support unit steering drive mechanism. A pressure oil output hose of the fully hydraulic steering gear is connected to the hydraulic motor 20 or hydraulic cylinder 24. A pneumatic valve or solenoid valve is installed in the oil lines supplying oil to the front and rear groups of support units from the fully hydraulic steering gear. This valve is used to select and switch between three rotation modes: synchronous rotation of a group of support units on the front of the frame 2, synchronous rotation of a group of support units on the rear of the frame 2, and synchronous rotation of all support units on the frame 2.

[0051] In this embodiment, the rotation angle range of the support unit relative to the frame 2 is set to 130°-140° on the left and right when the radial direction of the wheel 1 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the frame 2. A sensor that displays the mutual rotation angle is installed between the rotating side and the fixed side of the turntable in the support unit.

[0052] Referring to Figures 5 and 13, in this embodiment, an articulated mechanism is provided on both sides of the cargo compartment and the vehicle frame to switch between articulated and unarticulated engagement. Multiple pin holes are correspondingly installed on both sides of the vehicle frame 2 and the vehicle compartment 3. When the cargo compartment 3 is lowered flat onto the vehicle frame 2, the corresponding pin holes on the cargo compartment 3 and the vehicle frame 2 are axially engaged and radially aligned. Multiple interlocking pins 10 are installed on the vehicle frame, allowing insertion and removal of the pin holes. These pins are distributed and fixed to pin drive rods 11. The pin drive rods 11 are fitted to the vehicle frame 2 via a sliding sleeve. The front half of the pins 10 remain in the pin holes on the vehicle frame 2. When locking the vehicle frame 2 and cargo compartment 3, the pins 10 move, with the front portion inserted into the pin holes on the cargo compartment 3. The pin drive rods 11 are driven by a hydraulic cylinder or manually. The opening, closing, and locking mechanisms of the unloading door of the cargo compartment 3 are similar to those of existing dump trucks.

[0053] In this embodiment, the vehicle frame 2 and cargo compartment 3 are divided into four parts horizontally and vertically. Each part and the driver's cab are manufactured and transported separately. The whole vehicle is assembled after arriving at the use site.

[0054] In this embodiment, the engine, hydraulic pump, manual operation end of the oil and gas valve, the steering wheel of the full hydraulic steering gear, and the support unit rotation angle display are installed in the cab.

[0055] The unloading process of the side-dump truck of this embodiment is as follows: When the truck arrives at the unloading site, the wheels 1 on the front set of support units of the frame 2, which are used for steering, are confirmed to be in the straight-ahead position. If there is any longitudinal rotation relative to the frame 2, the steering wheel is operated to return them to their original position. The pneumatic or solenoid valves on the high-pressure oil pipes between the fully hydraulic steering gear and the hydraulic motors or cylinders in the support unit rotation drive mechanisms are then opened, causing all support units on the frame 2 to enter a synchronized rotation mode. While adjusting the support angle, the vehicle body moves toward the unloading position in a combined longitudinal and lateral motion at low speed. When the wheels 1 reach the selected angle relative to the frame 2, the truck stops, the clutch 17 on the high-level horizontal drive shaft is disengaged, and the engines at the rear and front left sides of the frame 2 are shut down. The engine on the front right side of the frame 2, which drives the high-pressure oil pump for the cargo compartment lift, remains running. The unloading panel of the cargo compartment 3 is opened, and the lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 is supplied with oil, causing the cargo compartment 3 to tilt laterally for unloading. After the unloading cargo compartment 3 is leveled, all engines 4 are started and the clutch 17 on the high-position horizontal drive shaft is engaged. Once all engines 4 are synchronized, the vehicle is engaged in driving gear and the empty vehicle is driven sideways away from the material pile. While driving at low speed, the steering wheel is used to straighten the wheels. The oil supply valves to the fully hydraulic steering gear and the steering drive mechanism of the rear support unit of the vehicle frame 2 are closed. The clutch 17 on the rear horizontal drive shaft of the vehicle frame 2 is disengaged, and the two engines at the rear of the vehicle frame 2 are turned off. Speed ​​is increased, and the empty vehicle is driven away from the unloading site using the two engines at the front of the vehicle frame.

Claims

1. A low-speed large-sized side-dumping self-unloading truck for mines capable of traveling laterally, comprising a vehicle frame, wheels, axles, an engine, a cab, a cargo box, a driving power transmission mechanism for driving the driving wheels to roll, a braking system, a hydraulic system for lifting the cargo box, and a vehicle body traveling and unloading control system; It is characterized in that: Two axles are assembled onto a support, a rotary table is installed at the upper end of the support, the rotary table is connected to the vehicle frame. Two axles, a support, a rotary table and the wheels on the axles form a support unit capable of changing the angle of the wheels relative to the vehicle frame in the horizontal direction. The number of driving axles selected in each support unit is determined according to the configuration design of the driving wheels of the whole vehicle; A plurality of support units are installed on the wide-body long vehicle frame. The plurality of support units are divided into two groups and installed on the vehicle frame. One group is intensively installed at the front of the vehicle frame, and the other group is intensively installed at the rear of the vehicle frame; According to the set full vehicle load, the number of support units used, and the power of a single engine, a corresponding number of engines are configured on the vehicle frame; A driving power transmission mechanism for driving the driving wheels to roll, a driving mechanism for the relative rotation of each support unit relative to the vehicle frame, and a control device for the driving mechanism of the support unit rotation are installed on the vehicle frame; A plurality of cargo box side tilting and lifting hydraulic cylinders are arranged longitudinally along the vehicle frame between the transverse middle part of the vehicle frame and the transverse middle part of the cargo box. A hinge mechanism for mutually converting the hinge and the release of the hinge between the cargo box and the vehicle frame is provided on both sides of the cargo box and the vehicle frame.

2. The low-speed large-sized side-dumping self-unloading truck for mines capable of traveling horizontally according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary table in the support unit uses an inner and outer ring relative rotation type rotary table, or uses an upper and lower flat plate relative rotation type rotary table; The inner and outer ring relative rotation type rotary table includes an inner ring with axial assembly holes on the circumference and an outer ring with axial assembly holes on the circumference. The outer circumferential surface of the inner ring and the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring have opposite steel ball rolling grooves, and steel balls are assembled in the steel ball rolling grooves. Among the inner and outer rings, the one installed on the support is the rotating side, and the one installed on the vehicle frame is the fixed side; The upper and lower flat plate relative rotation type rotary table includes an annular lower plate fixed on the support and an annular upper plate installed on the vehicle frame. The lower plate is the rotating side, and the upper plate is the fixed side; Lubricant is filled between the upper and lower plates for relative friction rotation, or opposite ring grooves are opened on the opposite surfaces of the upper and lower plates, and rolling elements are assembled in the ring grooves. The rolling elements support the relative rotation of the upper and lower plates. A blocking member for preventing the separation of the upper and lower plates is provided in the inner hole or outer circumference of the annular rotary table.

3. The low-speed large-sized side-dumping self-unloading truck for mines capable of traveling laterally according to claim 1, wherein: The driving power transmission mechanism for driving the driving wheels to roll includes: a high-position horizontal transmission shaft directly or indirectly driven by the engine power output shaft, a high-position reversing gearbox fixedly installed relative to the vehicle frame above the support unit with a driving axle, a low-position reversing gearbox fixed at the lower end of the support in the support unit, a vertical transmission shaft passing through the support unit between the high-position reversing gearbox and the low-position reversing gearbox, and a low-position horizontal transmission shaft between the low-position reversing gearbox and the driving axle; According to the number of support units with driving axles driven by a single engine set, the length of the high-position horizontal transmission shaft driven by each engine and the number of high-position reversing gearboxes connected are determined; The high and low-position reversing gearboxes reverse the rotational torque through a pair of bevel gears in the box.

4. The low-speed large-sized side-dumping self-unloading truck for mines capable of traveling laterally according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation driving mechanism of the support unit is selected from the following structures: driven by a hydraulic motor configured for each support unit, driven by a worm and worm gear mechanism installed on the turntable, pulled by a steel wire rope wound around the turntable, or pulled by a steel wire rope supplemented by a hydraulic motor drive; Hydraulic motor drive: Circumferential teeth are machined on the rotating side of the turntable or a toothed ring is assembled. A hydraulic motor is installed on the vehicle frame or the fixed side of the turntable, and there is a transmission gear between the hydraulic motor and the teeth on the rotating side of the turntable; Worm and worm gear drive: Worm teeth are machined or a worm gear ring is assembled on the part of the rotating side of the turntable that exposes the fixed side. A worm gear transmission mechanism housing is installed on the fixed side of the turntable. The end of the worm is connected to a hydraulic motor, or the worms in adjacent worm and worm gear transmission mechanisms are connected in series into a worm group with a coupling, and the end of the worm group is connected to a hydraulic motor; Pulling by winding a steel wire rope: A steel wire rope winding groove is machined on the part of the rotating side of the turntable that exposes the fixed side, or a winding ring with a groove on the outer circumference is assembled. The opposite ends of two steel wire ropes are locked in the steel wire rope winding groove, or the middle of a steel wire rope is locked in the winding groove. After locking, the steel wire ropes are wound in opposite directions along the winding groove. After winding to the set number of turns, the ends of the two steel wire ropes extend out in opposite directions and cross on the same side of the turntable. After leaving the required length of the steel wire rope to be wound up according to the maximum set rotation angle of the turntable, a pulling hydraulic cylinder is connected to the ends of the two steel wire ropes, or the ends of the two steel wire ropes are respectively locked on a pull rod, pulling hydraulic cylinders are connected to both ends of the pull rod, or adjacent pull rods are combined into a long pull rod or connected into a pull rod group with a connecting piece, and pulling hydraulic cylinders are connected to both ends of the pull rod group; The pull rod is radially constrained on the vehicle frame by a member fixed relative to the vehicle frame; The control device of the rotation driving mechanism of the support unit uses a full hydraulic steering gear. The pressure oil output pipe of the full hydraulic steering gear is connected to the hydraulic motor or hydraulic cylinder in the steering drive mechanism of the support unit. Valves are installed on the oil supply pipelines leading to the front and rear groups of support unit drive mechanisms of the full hydraulic steering gear for the selection and conversion control of the synchronous rotation mode of the front and rear groups of support units.

5. The low-speed large-sized side-dumping self-unloading truck for mines capable of traveling laterally according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engine selected is a high-power diesel engine with an electronic control governor and an automatic transmission. All the electronic control shift operation buttons of the diesel engines are coaxially overlapped and fixed to each other, or all the shift electronic control wires of the diesel engines are commonly connected to the contacts of a shift control button, so that all the diesel engines can shift synchronously during operation.

6. The low-speed large-sized side-dumping self-unloading truck for mines capable of traveling laterally according to claim 3, wherein: A clutch is installed on the high-level horizontal transmission shaft in part or all of the driving power transmission mechanisms of the vehicle.

7. The low-speed large-sized side-dumping self-unloading truck for mines capable of traveling laterally according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hinge mechanism for mutually converting the hinge connection and disconnection between the cargo box and the vehicle frame includes: a plurality of hinge hole seats respectively installed on both sides of the vehicle frame and on both sides of the cargo box corresponding to each other, and a plurality of synchronous moving pin shafts installed on the vehicle frame that can be inserted into or withdrawn from the hinge holes. When the cargo box falls flat on the vehicle frame, the hinge holes on the corresponding hinge hole seats of the cargo box and the vehicle frame are axially connected and radially coincident; The pin shafts are distributed and fixed on the pin shaft driving rod. The pin shaft driving rod is assembled on the vehicle frame through a sliding sleeve, and the pin shaft driving rod is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or manually.

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