Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel; and a control unit that, on the basis of the configuration, determines a plurality of resources, which are some of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code, and controls transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), it is being considered that a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) will use demodulation reference signals (DMRS) for transmission / reception. The DMRS is used for channel estimation on the receiver side.

[0006] However, an increase in DMRS resources may reduce resources for data, resulting in a decrease in communication throughput.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can reduce DMRS resources.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel, and a control unit that determines, based on the configuration, a plurality of resources that are a part of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code, and controls transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, DMRS resources can be reduced.

[0010] FIG. 1 shows an example of an AI model management framework. FIG. 2 shows an example of a precedent DMRS and an additional DMRS. FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example of a DMRS to DMRS mapping type. FIGS. 4A and 4B show an example of a single-symbol DMRS. FIGS. 5A and 5B show an example of a double-symbol DMRS. FIG. 6 shows an example of parameters for a PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1. FIG. 7 shows an example of parameters for a PDSCH DMRS configuration type 2. FIG. 8 shows an example of parameters for a PUSCH DMRS configuration type 1. FIG. 9 shows an example of parameters for a PUSCH DMRS configuration type 2. FIGS. 10A and 10B show an example of DMRS configurations 1 and 2. FIGS. 11A and 11B show an example of DMRS configurations 3 and 4. FIGS. 12A and 12B show an example of DMRS configurations 5 and 6. FIGS. 13A and 13B show an example of DMRS configurations 6 and 7. Figures 14A and 14B show an example of k for basic DMRS. Figure 15 shows an example of k for extended DMRS configuration type 1. Figure 16 shows an example of k for extended DMRS configuration type 2. Figure 17 shows a table for PDSCH DMRS positions in single-symbol DMRS. Figure 18 shows a table for PUSCH DMRS positions in single-symbol DMRS. Figure 19 shows a table for PDSCH DMRS positions in double-symbol DMRS. Figure 20 shows a table for PUSCH DMRS positions in double-symbol DMRS. Figures 21A and 21B show FD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1000 and #1001) of single-symbol DMRS of extended type 1 DMRS for PDSCH. Figures 22A and 22B show the FD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1008 and #1009) of single-symbol DMRS of extension type 1 of DMRS for PDSCH. Figures 23A and 23B show the FD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1002 and #1003) of single-symbol DMRS of extension type 1 of DMRS for PDSCH. Figures 24A and 24B show the FD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1010 and #1011) of single-symbol DMRS of extension type 1 of DMRS for PDSCH.Figures 25A and 25B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1000 and #1001) of the basic type 2 double-symbol DMRS for PDSCH DMRS. Figures 26A and 26B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1006 and #1007) of the basic type 2 double-symbol DMRS for PDSCH DMRS. Figures 27A and 27B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1002 and #1003) of the basic type 2 double-symbol DMRS for PDSCH DMRS. Figures 28A and 28B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1008 and #1009) of the basic type 2 double-symbol DMRS for PDSCH DMRS. Figures 29A and 29B show FD-OCCs and TD-OCCs for CDM group 2 (ports #1004 and #1005) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 DMRS for PDSCH. Figures 30A and 30B show FD-OCCs and TD-OCCs for CDM group 2 (ports #1010 and #1011) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 DMRS for PDSCH. Figure 31 shows the ratio of PUSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE. Figure 32 shows the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE. Figure 33 shows a table corresponding to UE processing capability 1. Figure 34 shows a table corresponding to UE processing capability 2. Figures 35A and 35B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 36A and 36B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 1 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 37A and 37B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 2 for case 1 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 38A and 38B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 3 for case 1 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 39A and 39B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 40A and 40B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 2 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 41A and 41B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 2 for case 2 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1.Figures 42A and 42B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 3 for case 2 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 43A and 43B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 3 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 44A and 44B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 3 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 45A and 45B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 2 for case 3 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 46A and 46B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 4 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 47A and 47B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 4 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 48A and 48B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 2 for case 4 of option 1 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 49A and 49B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 2 of embodiment 1-1. 50A and 50B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 1 for Case 1 of Option 2 of Embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 51A and 51B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 0 for Case 2 of Option 2 of Embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 52A and 52B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 1 for Case 2 of Option 2 of Embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 53A and 53B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 0 for Case 3 of Option 2 of Embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 54A and 54B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 1 for Case 3 of Option 2 of Embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 55A and 55B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 0 for Case 4 of Option 2 of Embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 56A and 56B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 1 for Case 4 of Option 2 of Embodiment 1-1. FIGS. 57A and 57B show an example of mapping based on Calculation Formula 0 for Case 1 of Option 3 of Embodiment 1-1. Figures 58A and 58B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 1 of option 3 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 59A and 59B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 3 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 60A and 60B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 2 of option 3 of embodiment 1-1.Figures 61A and 61B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 62A and 62B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 1 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 63A and 63B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 64A and 64B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 2 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 65A and 65B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 3 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 66A and 66B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 3 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 67A and 67B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 4 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 68A and 68B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 1 for case 4 of option 4 of embodiment 1-1. Figures 69A and 69B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 1 in embodiment 1-2. Figures 70A and 70B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 1 in embodiment 1-2. Figures 71A and 71B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 3 of option 1 in embodiment 1-2. Figures 72A and 72B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 4 of option 1 in embodiment 1-2. Figures 73A and 73B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 2 in embodiment 1-2. Figures 74A and 74B show an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 2 in embodiment 1-2. Figure 75 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 3 of option 2 in embodiment 1-2. Figure 76 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 4 of option 2 in embodiment 1-2. Figure 77 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 3 in embodiment 1-2. Fig. 78 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 3 of embodiment 1-2. Fig. 79 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 3 of option 3 of embodiment 1-2. Fig. 80 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 4 of option 3 of embodiment 1-2.FIG. 81 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 4 of embodiment 1-2. FIG. 82 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 4 of embodiment 1-2. FIG. 83 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 1 of option 5 of embodiment 1-2. FIG. 84 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 2 of option 5 of embodiment 1-2. FIG. 85 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 3 of option 5 of embodiment 1-2. FIG. 86 shows an example of mapping based on calculation formula 0 for case 4 of option 5 of embodiment 1-2. FIG. 87 shows an example of cases 1 / 2 of option 1 of embodiment 1-3. FIG. 88 shows an example of cases 3 / 4 of option 1 of embodiment 1-3. FIG. 89 shows an example of DMRS configuration type 1 of option 2 of embodiment 1-3. FIG. 90 shows an example of DMRS configuration type 2 of option 2 of embodiment 1-3. FIGs. 91A and 91B show examples of embodiment 1-5. Figures 92A and 92B show an example of Embodiment 2-0. Figures 93A and 93B show an example of Embodiment 2-1. Figure 94 shows an example of a table including DMRS positions for single-symbol DMRS for PDSCH according to Embodiment 2-1. Figure 95 shows an example of a table including DMRS positions for double-symbol DMRS for PDSCH according to Embodiment 2-1. Figures 96A and 96B show an example of Embodiment 2-2. Figure 97 shows an example of a table including DMRS positions for single-symbol DMRS for PDSCH according to Embodiment 2-2. Figure 98 shows an example of a procedure according to Example 1 of Embodiment 3-1. Figure 99 shows an example of a modified OCC according to Example 1 of Embodiment 3-1. Figure 100 shows an example of a procedure according to Example 2 of Embodiment 3-1. Figure 101 shows an example of a modified OCC according to Example 2 of Embodiment 3-1. Figure 102 shows an example of Example 3 of Embodiment 3-1. Figure 103 shows an example of Example 4 of Embodiment 3-1. Figure 104 shows an example of a table of CDM configuration for PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1 of Example 1 of Embodiment 3-2. Figure 105 shows an example of a table of CDM configuration for PDSCH DMRS configuration type 2 of Example 1 of Embodiment 3-2. Figure 106 shows an example of a procedure of Example 2 of Embodiment 3-2. Figure 107 shows an example of a modified OCC of Example 2 of Embodiment 3-2.FIG. 108 shows an example of Example 1 of Embodiment 3-3. FIG. 109 shows an example of Example 2 of Embodiment 3-3. FIG. 110 shows an example of Example 3 of Embodiment 3-3. FIG. 111 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 112 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 113 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 114 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 115 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communications) With regard to future wireless communications technologies, the use of AI technology such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0012] For example, it is being considered that terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) / base stations (BSs) will utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0013] Based on the input information, the AI ​​model may output at least one information such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, a classification, etc. The UE / BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / location, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0014] In the present disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Estimation based on observed or collected information; - Selection based on observed or collected information; - Prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0015] In the present disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0016] In the present disclosure, an object may be, for example, an apparatus, device, etc., such as a UE or a BS. Also, in the present disclosure, an object may correspond to a program / model / entity that operates in the apparatus.

[0017] Also, in the present disclosure, an AI model may be interpreted as an object that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Generates an estimate by feeding information; - Predicts an estimate by feeding information; - Discovers features by feeding information; - Selects an action by feeding information.

[0018] Additionally, in this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0019] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms AI model, model, ML model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. The AI ​​model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

[0020] In this disclosure, methods for training an AI model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, etc. Supervised learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may refer to the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs (i.e., states) and feedback signals (i.e., rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (i.e., actions) in an environment with which the model interacts.

[0021] In the present disclosure, terms such as generate, calculate, derive, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as implement, operate, operate, execute, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as train, learn, update, retrain, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as infer, after-training, live use, actual use, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, signal may be interchangeable with signal / channel.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing AI models. In this example, each stage related to an AI model is shown as a block. This example is also referred to as AI model life cycle management (LCM).

[0023] The data collection stage corresponds to a stage of collecting data for generating / updating an AI model. The data collection stage may include data organization (e.g., determining which data to transfer for model training / model inference), data transfer (e.g., transferring data to an entity (e.g., UE, gNB) that performs model training / model inference), etc.

[0024] Note that data collection may refer to a process in which data is collected by a network node, a management entity, or a UE for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In this disclosure, the terms "process" and "procedure" may be interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, collection may refer to obtaining a data set (e.g., usable as input / output) for AI model training / inference based on measurements (e.g., channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, position estimation, etc.).

[0025] In the present disclosure, offline field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for offline training of an AI model. Also, in the present disclosure, online field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for online training of an AI model.

[0026] In the model training stage, model training is performed based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., verifying whether the trained model meets a performance threshold), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to the entity that will perform model inference).

[0027] It should be noted that AI model training may refer to a process for training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

[0028] AI model validation may also refer to a sub-process of training that evaluates the quality of an AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used to train the model, which helps select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.

[0029] AI model testing may also refer to a sub-process of training for evaluating the performance of the final AI model using a dataset different from that used for model training / validation. Note that, unlike validation, testing does not necessarily require subsequent model tuning.

[0030] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entity training the model), and output (providing model output to the actor).

[0031] Additionally, AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0032] Also, a UE side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE, and a network side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

[0033] Also, a one-sided model may refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, e.g., a first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0034] In addition, AI model monitoring may refer to a process for monitoring the inference performance of an AI model, and may be interchangeably read as model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

[0035] Note that model registration may refer to assigning a version identifier to a model and making the model executable (registering) the model by compiling it into the specific hardware used in the inference stage. Also, model deployment may refer to distributing (or activating in) a runtime image (or an image of an execution environment) of a fully developed and tested model to (or enabling in) a target (e.g., UE / gNB) where inference will be performed.

[0036] An actor stage may include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on another entity), feedback (e.g., feeding back information needed for training data / inference data / performance feedback), etc.

[0037] For example, training of a model for mobility optimization may be performed in, for example, Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM) / gNodeB (gNB) in a network (NW). In the former case, interoperability, large-capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.) are advantageous. In the latter case, the latency of model updates and the need for data exchange for model deployment are advantageous. Inference of the above model may be performed in, for example, a gNB.

[0038] Note that model activation may mean activating an AI model for a specific function, model deactivation may mean disabling an AI model for a specific function, and model switching may mean deactivating a currently active AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0039] Model transfer may also refer to distributing an AI model over the air interface. This distribution may include distributing parameters of a model structure already known at the receiving end, or a new model with parameters, or both. This distribution may include a complete model or a partial model. Model download may refer to transferring a model from the network to the UE. Model upload may refer to transferring a model from the UE to the network.

[0040] (DMRS) The front-loaded demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is the first (first symbol or symbol close to the first) DMRS for faster demodulation (FIG. 2). For high-speed mobile terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) or high modulation and coding schemes (MCS) / ranks, {0, 1, 2, 3} additional DMRSs can be configured by the RRC. The frequency locations of the additional DMRSs are the same as those of the front-loaded DMRS.

[0041] DMRS mapping type A or B is configured for the time domain. ◆ In DMRS mapping type A, DMRS position l_0 is counted by the symbol index within the slot (Figure 3A). l_0 is configured by the parameter (dmrs-TypeA-Position) in the MIB or the common serving cell configuration (ServingCellConfigCommon). DMRS position 0 (reference point l) refers to the first symbol of the slot or each frequency hop. ◆ In DMRS mapping type B, DMRS position l_0 is counted by the symbol index within the PDSCH / PUSCH (Figure 3B). l_0 is always 0. DMRS position 0 (reference point l) refers to the first symbol of the PDSCH / PUSCH or each frequency hop.

[0042] The DMRS position is defined by a table in the specification and depends on the duration l_d of the PDSCH / PUSCH. The position of additional DMRS is fixed. ◆ In DMRS mapping type A, the duration l_d of the PDSCH / PUSCH is from the first symbol of the slot to the last symbol of the scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH. ◆ In DMRS mapping type B, the duration l_d of the PDSCH / PUSCH is from the first symbol of the scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH to the last symbol of the scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH.

[0043] In the frequency domain, (PDSCH / PUSCH) DMRS configuration type 1 or 2 is configured. ◆ DMRS configuration type 1 has a comb structure and is applicable to both CP-OFDM (transport precoding disabled) and DFT-S-OFDM (transport precoding enabled). The minimum RE (subcarrier) group in the frequency domain is one RE. Figure 4A shows an example of DMRS configuration type 1 for single-symbol DMRS. ◆ DMRS configuration type 2 is applicable only to CP-OFDM. The minimum RE group in the frequency domain is two consecutive REs. Figure 4B shows an example of DMRS configuration type 2 for single-symbol DMRS.

[0044] Single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS is configured. ◆ Single-symbol DMRS is normally used (it is a mandatory feature in Rel. 15). In single-symbol DMRS, the number of additional DMRS (symbols) is {0, 1, 2, 3}. Single-symbol DMRS is supported both when frequency hopping is enabled and when it is disabled. If the maximum number (maxLength) in the uplink DMRS configuration (DMRS-UplinkConfig) is not configured, single-symbol DMRS is used. In DMRS configuration type 1, DMRS is allocated to one RE out of every two consecutive REs in the frequency domain (see Figure 4A above). In DMRS configuration type 2, DMRS is allocated to two REs out of every six consecutive REs in the frequency domain (see Figure 4B above). ◆ Double-symbol DMRS is used for more DMRS ports, especially for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) applications. In double-symbol DMRS, the number of additional DMRS (symbols) is {0, 1}. Double-symbol DMRS is supported when frequency hopping is disabled. If the maximum number (maxLength) in the uplink DMRS configuration (DMRS-UplinkConfig) is 2 (len2), whether it is single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS is determined by the DCI or configured grant. DMRS is allocated to one RE every two consecutive REs in the frequency domain. Figure 5A shows an example of DMRS configuration type 1 for double-symbol DMRS. In DMRS configuration type 2, DMRS is allocated to two consecutive REs every six consecutive REs in the frequency domain. Figure 5B shows an example of DMRS configuration type 2 for double-symbol DMRS.

[0045] For additional DMRS (in the time domain), the additional DMRS position is configured by the upper layer parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition. ◆ For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, and dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. ◆ For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, and l_d = 10, the DMRS positions are l_0, 9. ◆ For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos3, and l_d = 12, the DMRS positions are l_0, 5, 8, and 11. ◆ For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, and dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos3, l_d = 7, the DMRS position is l_0, 4. For example, in the case of double-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. For example, in the case of double-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, l_d = 10, the DMRS position is l_0, 8. For example, in the case of double-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. For example, in the case of double-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, l_d = 10, the DMRS position is l_0, 7.

[0046] Multiple DMRS ports that are mapped to the same resource element (RE, time and frequency resource) are called a DMRS Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group.

[0047] In contrast to the basic DMRS in Rel. 15, an extended DMRS is introduced in Rel. 18. The extended DMRS is configured by the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh.

[0048] There are several parameters for the DMRS port: ◆OCC type: A Walsh matrix is ​​used for the OCC for PDSCH. A cyclic shift is used for the OCC for PUSCH. ◆FD-OCC: W_f(0) to W_f(1) are used as two FD-OCCs for basic DMRS. W_f(0) to W_f(3) are used as four FD-OCCs for extended DMRS. ◆TD-OCC: W_t(0) to W_t(1) are used as two TD-OCCs for double-symbol DMRS.

[0049] Each table of parameters for DMRS is PDSCH DMRS port p or PUSCH DMRS port p ～ , CDM group λ, Δ for frequency offset, FD-OCC W f (k'), TD-OCC W t(l'). ◆ Table D1-1 shown in FIG. 6 shows an example of parameters for PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1. Basic type 1 single-symbol DMRS uses ports 1000 to 1003. Basic type 1 double-symbol DMRS uses ports 1000 to 1007. Extended type 1 single-symbol DMRS uses ports 1000 to 1003 and 1008 to 1011. Extended type 1 double-symbol DMRS uses ports 1000 to 1015. ◆ Table D1-2 shown in FIG. 7 shows an example of parameters for PDSCH DMRS configuration type 2. ◆ Table U1-1 shown in FIG. 8 shows an example of parameters for PUSCH DMRS configuration type 1. ◆ Table U1-2 shown in FIG. 9 shows an example of parameters for PUSCH DMRS configuration type 2.

[0050] There are several possible configurations for DMRS: ◆ Configuration 1: Basic DMRS, configuration type 1, single-symbol DMRS. Up to four DMRS ports are available with two CDM groups of FDM and two FD-OCCs (length 2) (Fig. 10A). ◆ Configuration 2: Basic DMRS, configuration type 1, double-symbol DMRS. Up to eight DMRS ports are available with two CDM groups of FDM, two FD-OCCs (length 2) and two TD-OCCs (length 2) (Fig. 10B). ◆ Configuration 3: Basic DMRS, configuration type 2, single-symbol DMRS. Up to six DMRS ports are available with three CDM groups of FDM and two FD-OCCs (length 2) (Fig. 11A). ◆ Configuration 4: Basic DMRS, configuration type 2, double-symbol DMRS Up to 12 DMRS ports are available with three CDM groups of FDM, two FD-OCCs (length 2), and two TD-OCCs (length 2) (Figure 11B). ◆ Configuration 5: Extended DMRS, configuration type 1, single-symbol DMRS Up to 8 DMRS ports are available with two CDM groups of FDM, four FD-OCCs (length 4) (Figure 12A). ◆ Configuration 6: Extended DMRS, configuration type 1, double-symbol DMRS Up to 16 DMRS ports are available with two CDM groups of FDM, four FD-OCCs (length 4), and two TD-OCCs (length 2) (Figure 12B). ◆ Configuration 7: Extended DMRS, configuration type 2, single symbol DMRS Up to 12 DMRS ports are available with three CDM group FDM and four FD-OCC (length 4) (Figure 13A). ◆ Configuration 8: Extended DMRS, configuration type 2, double symbol DMRS Up to 24 DMRS ports are available with three CDM group FDM, four FD-OCC (length 4) and two TD-OCC (length 2) (Figure 13B).

[0051] In the present disclosure, legacy DMRS, legacy DMRS function, legacy DMRS type, legacy DMRS configuration type, dmrs-Type, DMRS configuration type 1 / 2, DMRS with FD-OCC of length 2, and Rel. 15 DMRS type may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "the legacy DMRS configuration type is configured," "the legacy DMRS configuration type 1 or 2 is configured," and "the extended DMRS type is not configured" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "DMRS configuration type 1," "DMRS type 1," "DMRS type = 1," "DMRS type 1," and "dmrs-Type set to type 2 is not configured" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "DMRS configuration type 2," "DMRS type 2," "DMRS type = 2," "DMRS type 2," and "dmrs-Type set to type 2 is configured" may be interchangeable.

[0052] In the present disclosure, the terms "extended DMRS," "extended DMRS capability," "extended DMRS type," "extended DMRS configuration type," "configuration / upper layer parameters for extended DMRS type," "extended DMRS type," "enhanced-dmrs-Type_r18," "dmrs-TypeEnh," "extended DMRS configuration type 1 / 2," "DMRS with FD-OCC of length 4," and "Rel. 18 DMRS type" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "extended DMRS configuration type is configured," "enhanced-dmrs-Type_r18 is configured," "extended DMRS configuration type 1 or 2 is configured," and "extended DMRS type is configured" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "extended DMRS configuration type 1," "DMRS extension type 1," "DMRS extension type=1," "DMRS eType 1," "the extended DMRS type is configured and dmrs-Type set to type 2 is not configured" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, extended DMRS setting type 2, DMRS extended type 2, DMRS extended type = 2, DMRS eType 2, an extended DMRS type is set and a dmrs-Type set to type 2 is set, may be read interchangeably.

[0053] In the present disclosure, the maximum DMRS length, maxLength, and the maximum number of OFDM symbols for a front loaded DMRS may be read interchangeably.

[0054] In this disclosure, FD-OCC, w f (k') may be read interchangeably. t (l'), a TD-OCC of length 2, may be read interchangeably.

[0055] In this disclosure, the terms existing OCC, existing FD-OCC, FD-OCC of length 2, and Rel. 15 FD-OCC may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms new OCC, new FD-OCC, FD-OCC longer than 2, Rel. 18 FD-OCC, and w f (k'), FD-OCC of length 4, may be read interchangeably.

[0056] In the present disclosure, the terms "existing DMRS port," "Rel. 15 DMRS port," "DMRS port to which the existing FD-OCC is applied," "DMRS port within the port number range of the existing DMRS," "existing DMRS port," and "existing DMRS" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "new DMRS port," "Rel. 18 DMRS port," "DMRS port to which the new FD-OCC is applied," "DMRS port outside the port number range of the existing DMRS," "extended DMRS port," and "extended DMRS" may be interchangeable.

[0057] (Frequency Domain Resources for DMRS) The DMRS configuration in the frequency domain is represented by the parameter k (subcarrier index).

[0058] k in basic DMRS is calculated by the following formula: where Δ is related to the CDM group ID. CDM group 0 corresponds to Δ=0, CDM group 1 corresponds to Δ=1, and CDM group 2 corresponds to Δ=4. k = 4n + 2k' + Δ (configuration type 1) k = 6n + k' + Δ (configuration type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ...

[0059] As shown in Figure 14A, k is determined for basic DMRS configuration type 1. CDM group 0 is placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 4, 6, ..., and CDM group 1 is placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 5, 7, ....

[0060] As shown in Figure 14B, k for basic DMRS configuration type 2 is determined. CDM group 0 is placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 6, 7, ..., CDM group 1 is placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 8, 9, ..., and CDM group 2 is placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 10, 11, ....

[0061] k in extended DMRS is calculated by the following formula, where Δ is related to the CDM group ID: k = 8n + 2k' + Δ (configuration type 1) k = 12n + k' + Δ (configuration type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = 12n + k' + Δ + 4 (configuration type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ...

[0062] 15, k for the extended DMRS configuration type 1 is determined. CDM group 0 is placed in REs with k=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, ..., and CDM group 1 is placed in REs with k=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, ....

[0063] As shown in Figure 16, k for the extended DMRS configuration type 2 is determined. CDM group 0 is allocated to REs with k = 0, 1, 6, 7, 12, 13, ..., CDM group 1 is allocated to REs with k = 2, 3, 8, 9, 14, 15, ..., and CDM group 2 is allocated to REs with k = 4, 5, 10, 11, 16, 17, ....

[0064] (Time Domain Resources for DMRS) In the existing specifications, the DMRS configuration in the time domain is represented by the parameter l (symbol index). The mapping of DMRS in the frequency domain and the time domain is calculated by the following formula: ◆ If the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh is set (extended DMRS), α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) =w f (k')wt (l')r(4n+k') k = 8n + 2k' + Δ (setting type 1) k = 12n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = 12n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 l' = l － +l' n = 0, 1, ... j = 0, 1, ..., v-1 ◆ Otherwise (basic DMRS), α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) =w f (k')w t (l') r (2n+k') k=4n+2k'+Δ (setting type 1) k=6n+k'+Δ (setting type 2) k'=0, 1, 2, 3 l'=l － +l' n=0, 1,... j=0, 1,..., v-1 l － represents the position of the DMRS in the time domain. For single-symbol DMRS, l' = 0. For double-symbol DMRS, l' = 0, 1.

[0065] The reference point for l and the position l0 of the first DMRS symbol depend on the mapping type. ◆ For PDSCH mapping type A, l and l0 comply with the following: ◆ l is defined relative to the start of the slot. ◆ If the higher layer parameter dmrs=TypeA-Position is equal to 'pos3', then l0 = 3. Otherwise, l0 = 2. ◆ For PDSCH mapping type B, l and l0 comply with the following: ◆ l is defined relative to the start of the scheduled PDSCH resource. ◆ l0 = 0.

[0066] The position of the DMRS symbol is l － and duration l d where l d In PDSCH mapping type A, l d is the duration between the first OFDM symbol of the slot and the last OFDM symbol of the scheduled PDSCH resource in that slot. d is the duration of the scheduled PDSCH resource.

[0067] 17 shows Table D2-1 for PDSCH DMRS position in single-symbol DMRS. 18 shows Table U2-1 for PUSCH DMRS position in single-symbol DMRS. Based on the mapping type, dmrs-AdditionalPosition, and l_d, l － is determined. The maximum number of available positions is 4. Figure 19 shows Table D2-2 for PDSCH DMRS positions in double-symbol DMRS. Figure 20 shows Table U2-2 for PUSCH DMRS positions in double-symbol DMRS.

[0068] (Code Domain Resources for DMRS) In the existing specifications, the DMRS configuration in the code domain is defined by the parameter w f (k') and w t It is represented by (l').

[0069] The DMRS value (series) is α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) and is given by the following equation: ◆ When the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh is set (enhanced DMRS), α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) =w f (k')w t (l')r(4n+k') ◆Otherwise (basic DMRS), α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) =w f (k')w t (l')r(2n+k')

[0070] w f (k') (FD-OCC) and w t (l') (TD-OCC) is given by the above-mentioned Tables D1-1 / D1-2.

[0071] r(n) is expressed using a pseudorandom sequence c(n).

[0072] Figures 21A and 21B show the FD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1000 and #1001) of single-symbol DMRS of extension type 1 of DMRS for PDSCH. Figures 22A and 22B show the FD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1008 and #1009) of single-symbol DMRS of extension type 1 of DMRS for PDSCH. Figures 23A and 23B show the FD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1002 and #1003) of single-symbol DMRS of extension type 1 of DMRS for PDSCH. Figures 24A and 24B show the FD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1010 and #1011) of single-symbol DMRS of extension type 1 of DMRS for PDSCH.

[0073] Figures 25A and 25B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1000 and #1001) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 for PDSCH. Figures 26A and 26B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 0 (ports #1006 and #1007) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 for PDSCH. Figures 27A and 27B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1002 and #1003) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 for PDSCH. Figures 28A and 28B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 1 (ports #1008 and #1009) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 for PDSCH DMRS. Figures 29A and 29B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 2 (ports #1004 and #1005) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 for PDSCH DMRS. Figures 30A and 30B show the FD-OCC and TD-OCC for CDM group 2 (ports #1010 and #1011) of double-symbol DMRS of basic type 2 for PDSCH DMRS.

[0074] (DMRS power boosting) For UL DMRS, intermediate amount α ～ k,l (p_j,μ)is precoded and an amplitude scaling factor β is added to adapt it to the transmit power. PUSCH DMRS and mapped to the physical resource. ～ k,l (p_j,μ) Based on α k,l (p_j,μ) is given by the following equation:

[0075] For UL DMRS with PUSCH, the UE determines the ratio of PUSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to DMRS energy per resource element (EPRE) (β DMRS [dB]) is given by Table U3 in Figure 31. PUSCH DMRS is β PUSCH DMRS = 10 - β_DMRS / 20.

[0076] For DL ​​DMRS, the UE adjusts the sequence r(m) by a factor β PDSCH DMRS We assume that it is scaled by

[0077] In DL DMRS with PDSCH, the UE determines the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE (β DMRS [dB]) is given by Table D3 in Figure 32. PDSCH DMRS is β PDSCH DMRS = 10-β_DMRS / 20.

[0078] At each layer, the power of DMRS allocated to other CDM groups of a particular CDM group is set to 0, so that the reserved power of DMRS originally allocated to other CDM groups can be used to increase the transmission power of DMRS within the particular CDM group.

[0079] (PDSCH processing time in UE) Allocated HARQ-ACK timings K1 and K offset The UE provides a valid HARQ-ACK message if the first UL symbol of the PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK information and the PUCCH resource to be used, including the effect of timing advance, starts after symbol L1, as defined by proc,1 = (N1 + d 1,1 +d2) (2048+144)・κ2 －μ ・T C +T ext The UL symbol with a CP start later than

[0080] N1 is based on μ in table D4-1 (FIG. 33) corresponding to UE processing capability 1 and table D4-2 (FIG. 34) corresponding to UE processing capability 2. Here, μ is (μ PDCCH , μ PDSCH , μ UL ) among the largest T proc,1 μ PDCCH μ corresponds to the subcarrier spacing of the PDCCH that schedules that PDSCH. PDSCH corresponds to the subcarrier spacing of the scheduled PDSCH. UL corresponds to the subcarrier spacing of the UL channel over which HARQ-ACK is assumed to be transmitted regardless of whether PDSCH reception provides a transport block for a HARQ process with HARQ-ACK information disabled as indicated by HARQ-feedbackEnabling-disablingperHARQprocess.

[0081] (DMRS Improvements) In Rel. 18, it was considered to support a larger number of orthogonal DMRS ports in DL and UL multi-user (MU)-multi-input multi-output (MIMO) (without increasing DMRS overhead), up to 24 orthogonal DMRS ports.

[0082] In some typical scenarios in next-generation wireless communication systems, an increase in DMRS in at least one of frequency domain, time domain, and code domain is required to ensure decoding performance at a receiver, such as high frequency scenario, high speed scenario, and multiple DMRS ports in FR3 scenario.

[0083] Increasing the resources occupied by DMRS reduces the resources available for transmitting data on the PUSCH / PDSCH, reducing data throughput in the wireless communication system.

[0084] For efficient signal detection at the receiver, several known signals are transmitted in fixed time and frequency REs, which are known as DMRS in the 5G standard.

[0085] Conventional channel estimation using DMRS may be performed by the following two steps: Estimate the channel in the DMRS, and Extend the channel estimation to all other REs.

[0086] In new applications, e.g., next generation communication systems for immersive communication, there is a requirement for higher throughput, and two possible solutions are: ◆ More REs are allocated to the data to be transmitted, ◆ More antenna ports transmit more data streams on the same time-frequency resource.

[0087] Both solutions require that the density of DMRS in each data stream be reduced in order to: ◆ Save some REs originally occupied by DMRS for transmitted data ◆ Support DMRS for additional antenna ports.

[0088] The performance of conventional channel estimation algorithms for DMRS is limited, and due to the nonlinear relationship between the REs of DMRS and other REs, the conventional channel estimation algorithms become relatively worse when the density of DMRS decreases.

[0089] Therefore, the present inventors have studied the design / configuration of DMRS based on channel estimation capability and have conceived an embodiment.

[0090] By utilizing the powerful ability of AI / ML to predict nonlinear relationships, the performance of AI / ML-based channel estimation is higher than that of conventional channel estimation algorithms. It is believed that AI / ML-based channel estimation can significantly reduce DMRS resource utilization. The schemes of each embodiment can specifically design DMRS patterns and CDM groups corresponding to different AI / ML functions / models (IDs).

[0091] AI / ML-based channel estimation can improve performance compared with traditional channel estimation methods. The theoretical minimum mean square error (MMSE) value is the theoretical best channel estimation performance. AI / ML-based channel estimation can bring the performance close to the theoretical MMSE value.

[0092] Other AI / ML-based modules, such as AI / ML-based detection, can further improve the transmit / receive performance.

[0093] An extension of the AI / ML receiver (not limited to the channel estimation module) allows for the reduction of the DMRS for each data stream.

[0094] The DMRS of each embodiment can be applied to at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0095] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0096] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0097] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0098] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0099] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0100] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0101] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0102] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0103] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, and ceiling function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, floor(x), floor function, and floor function may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), square root (root) may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), mod function, and modulo operation may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M＋N－1 f(i), Σ i=MM+N-1 f i , f(i) or f for i = M, M+1, ..., M+N-1 i Summation of f(M) + f(M+1) + ... + f(M+N-1), f M +f M＋1 +...+f M＋N－1 , may be read interchangeably. C(n, k) is the number of combinations of k values ​​selected from n values ​​(combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n C k , C n k In the present disclosure, x / y and floor(x / y) may be read as interchangeable.

[0104] In this disclosure, a b , a_b, and a with b added to the bottom right of a may be read interchangeably. c , a^c, and the notation of a with c added to the upper right of a may be read interchangeably. b c , a_b^c, and the notation in which b is added to the bottom right of a and c is added to the top right may be read interchangeably. ～ may be expressed by adding 〜 to the x, or may be referred to as x tilde. － may be represented by an x ​​with a - above it, or may be called an x-bar.

[0105] In the present disclosure, FR may be, for example, at least one of FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3, sub-terahertz, and terahertz. In the present disclosure, the frequency range corresponding to FR1 may be 410-7125 MHz. In the present disclosure, FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 24250-52600 MHz, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 52600-71000 MHz.

[0106] In the present disclosure, the base station (BS), gNB, and network (NW) may be interchangeable.

[0107] In the present disclosure, the terms function, functionality, and model may be read interchangeably.

[0108] In the present disclosure, the terms frequency domain location, RE, subcarrier, RE index, and subcarrier index may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms time domain location, symbol, and symbol index may be interchangeable.

[0109] In the present disclosure, DMRS configuration in the frequency domain, a table for DMRS configuration in the frequency domain, DMRS frequency domain configuration, DMRS subcarrier position configuration, and DMRS configuration may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, DMRS configuration in the time domain, a table for DMRS configuration in the time domain, DMRS time domain configuration, DMRS symbol position configuration, and DMRS configuration may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, DMRS configuration in the code domain, a table for DMRS configuration in the code domain, DMRS code domain configuration, CDM configuration, OCC configuration, and DMRS configuration may be interchangeable.

[0110] In this disclosure, the terms "specific configuration," "existing specification," and "Rel. 15 / Rel. 18 DMRS configuration" may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms "specific DMRS," "DMRS conforming to existing specifications," and "Rel. 15 / Rel. 18 DMRS" may be interchangeable.

[0111] In the present disclosure, reserved DMRS resources, DMRS resources (time / frequency) determined based on specifications (tables), and DMRS resources (time / frequency) shown in specifications (tables) may be read interchangeably.

[0112] In the present disclosure, the port number 1000+p of the PDSCH DMRS and the port number p of the PUSCH DMRS may be read as interchangeable.

[0113] (Wireless communication method) In each embodiment, data (PDSCH / PUSCH) may be arranged in resources where DMRS is not arranged.

[0114] In each embodiment, the procedures that apply to the PDSCH may also be applied to the PUSCH. In each embodiment, the procedures that apply to the PUSCH may also be applied to the PDSCH.

[0115] First Embodiment This embodiment relates to a new configuration of DMRS in the frequency domain, which may correspond to a certain AI / ML function / model (ID).

[0116] This embodiment may systematically improve the spacing between multiple frequency resources of the DMRS by passing a sparsity factor to the DMRS in the existing specifications.

[0117] According to this embodiment, the DMRS resources configured for a DMRS port / CDM group can be reduced in the frequency domain.

[0118] In the present disclosure, the multiplexing group interval is the difference (minimum interval) between the first subcarrier indexes of two FD-OCCs that are FDM-multiplexed in the same CDM group. In the present disclosure, the multiplexing group interval, FD-OCC interval, and FD-OCC offset may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0119] In the present disclosure, the inter-group spacing is the difference (minimum spacing) between the first subcarrier indexes of two CDM groups. In the present disclosure, the inter-group spacing and group offset may be read interchangeably.

[0120] In the present disclosure, the intra-group spacing is the difference (minimum spacing) between two subcarrier indexes within one FD-OCC. In the present disclosure, the intra-group spacing, intra-FD-OCC spacing, inter-subcarrier spacing, and subcarrier offset may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0121] The reduction in the time domain of the DMRS configured for the DMRS port / CDM group may be according to at least one of the following several embodiments 1-x.

[0122] This embodiment reduces the DMRS resources configured for each DMRS port using the same DMRS density (for multiple CDM groups). This embodiment may follow at least one of the following options:

[0123] ◆ Option 1: Multiple group spacing is increased, intra-group spacing is maintained, and inter-group spacing is maintained. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0124] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0125] Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (4 + s)n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s may be configured by the network or defined by the specifications. 4 + s may represent the multiplexing group spacing. In the example of Figure 35A, s = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 35B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 6, 8, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 7, 9, .... The multiplexing group spacing increases from the existing 4 to 6.

[0126] Calculation Formula 1: When s is a multiple of 4, Calculation Formula 0 may be modified based on the existing basic DMRS formula, and n may be set to a multiple of (s / 4+1). k may be calculated using the following formula: k = 4n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, (s / 4+1), 2(s / 4+1), ..., if s mod 4 = 0. s may be configured by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 36A, s = 4, and k is determined from n = 0, 2, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 36B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 8, 10, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 9, 11, .... The multiplexing group spacing increases from the existing 4 to 8.

[0127] Calculation Formula 2: When s is 4, Calculation Formula 0 may be modified based on the formula for extended DMRS, and k' = 2, 3 may be deleted. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = 8n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... In the example of Figure 37A, k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 37B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 8, 10, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 9, 11, .... The multiplexing group spacing is increased from the existing 4 to 6.

[0128] Calculation Formula 3: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be configured or defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (4 + s)n + 2k' + Δ + o (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} o ∈ {0, 1, ..., s} s may be configured by the network or defined by the specifications. o may be configured by the network or defined by the specifications. o may represent the offset of CDM group 0. In the example of Figure 38A, s = 2, o = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 38B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 7, 9, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 4, 8, 10, .... The multiplexing group spacing increases from the existing 4 to 6.

[0129] -◆Case 2: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0130] Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + k' + Δ (Configuration Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} s may be configured by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 39A, s = 4, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 39B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 10, 11, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 12, 13, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 14, 15, .... The multiplexing group spacing increases from the existing 6 to 10.

[0131] Calculation Formula 1: When s is a multiple of 6, Calculation Formula 0 may be modified based on the existing basic DMRS formula, and n may be set to a multiple of (s / 6+1). k = 6n + k' + Δ (Configuration Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, (s / 6+1), 2 (s / 6+1), ..., if s mod 6 = 0. s may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 40A, s = 6, and k is determined from n = 0, 2, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 40B, CDM group 0 may be allocated to REs with k = 0, 1, 12, 13, ..., CDM group 1 may be allocated to REs with k = 2, 3, 14, 15, ..., and CDM group 2 may be allocated to REs with k = 4, 5, 16, 17, ... The multiple group interval will be increased from the existing 6 to 12.

[0132] Calculation Formula 2: When s is 6, Calculation Formula 0 may be modified based on the DMRS formula, and k' = 2, 3 may be deleted. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = 12n + k' + Δ (Configuration Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... In the example of Figure 41A, k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 41B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 12, 13, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 14, 15, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 16, 17, .... The multiplexing group spacing is increased from the existing 6 to 12.

[0133] --◆Calculation Formula 3: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + 2k' + Δ + o (Setting Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} o ∈ {0, 1, ..., s} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 42A, s = 4, o = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 42B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 12, 13, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 14, 15, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 7, 16, 17, .... The multiplex group spacing increases from the existing 6 to 10.

[0134] -◆Case 3: Extended DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0135] Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (8 + s)n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} s may be configured by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 43A, s = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 43B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, .... The multiplexing group spacing increases from the existing 8 to 14.

[0136] Calculation Formula 1: When s is a multiple of 8, Calculation Formula 0 may be modified based on the existing formula for extended DMRS, and n may be set to a multiple of (s / 8+1). k may be calculated using the following formula: k = 8n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, (s / 8+1), 2(s / 8+1), ..., if s mod 4 = 0. s may be configured by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 44A, s = 4, and k is determined from n = 0, 8, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 44B, CDM group 0 may be allocated to REs with k = 0, 2, 4, 6, 16, 18, 20, 22, ..., and CDM group 1 may be allocated to REs with k = 1, 3, 5, 7, 17, 19, 21, 23, ... The multi-group interval will be increased from the existing 8 to 16.

[0137] --◆Calculation Formula 2: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (8 + s)n + 2k' + Δ + o (Setting Type 1) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} o ∈ {0, 1, ..., s} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 45A, s = 2, o = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 45B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19, .... The multiplex group spacing increases from the existing 8 to 10.

[0138] -◆Case 4: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0139] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formulas: k = (12 + s)n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s)n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 46A, s = 4, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 46B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 6, 7, 16, 17, 22, 23, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 8, 9, 18, 19, 24, 25, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 21, 26, 27, .... The multiplex group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 16.

[0140] Calculation Formula 1: When s is a multiple of 12, Calculation Formula 0 may be modified based on the existing extended DMRS formula, and n may be set to a multiple of (s / 12 + 1). k = 12n + k' + Δ (configuration type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = 12n + k' + Δ + 4 (configuration type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, (s / 12 + 1), 2 (s / 12 + 1), ..., if s mod 12 = 0 s may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 47A, s = 6, and k is determined from n = 0, 2, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 47B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 6, 7, 24, 25, 30, 31, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 8, 9, 26, 27, 32, 33, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 10, 11, 28, 29, 34, 35, .... The multiplex group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 24.

[0141] --◆Calculation Formula 2: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formulas: k = (12 + s)n + k' + Δ + o (Setting Type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s)n + k' + Δ + o + 4 (Setting Type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} o∈{0, 1, ..., s} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 48A, s = 4, o = 3, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 48B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 3, 4, 9, 10, 19, 20, 25, 26, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 5, 6, 11, 12, 21, 22, 27, 28, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs where k = 7, 8, 13, 14, 23, 24, 29, 30, .... The multiplex group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 16.

[0142] ◆ Option 2: Multiple group spacing is increased, intra-group spacing is increased, and inter-group spacing is maintained. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0143] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0144] Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (4 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s} s may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. s may represent the multiplex group spacing. 2 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. In the example of Figure 49A, s = 2, i = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 49B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 3, 6, 9, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 4, 7, 10, .... The multiplex group spacing increases from the existing 4 to 6. The intra-group spacing will increase from the existing 2 to 3.

[0145] --◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (4 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + Δ + o (Setting Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s} o∈{0, 1, ..., s-i} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 50A, s = 4, i = 1, o = 3, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 50B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 6, 11, 14, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 7, 12, 15, .... The multi-group spacing increases from the existing 4 to 8. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 3.

[0146] -◆Case 2: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0147] Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (Configuration Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 3} s may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 51A, s = 4, i = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 51B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 10, 12, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 5, 13, 15, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 8, 16, 18, ... The multi-group spacing will increase from the existing 6 to 10. The intra-group spacing will increase from the existing 1 to 2.

[0148] --◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ + o (Setting Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 3} o∈{0, 1, ..., s-3i} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 52A, s = 4, i = 1, o = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 52B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 11, 13, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 6, 14, 16, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 7, 9, 17, 19, .... The multi-group spacing increases from the existing 6 to 10. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2.

[0149] -◆Case 3: Extended DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0150] Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (8 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 3} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 53A, s = 6, i = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 53B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 3, 6, 9, 14, 17, 20, 23, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, 21, 24, ... The multi-group spacing will increase from the current 8 to 14. The intra-group spacing will increase from the current 2 to 3.

[0151] --◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (8 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + Δ + o (Setting Type 1) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 3} o∈{0, 1, ..., s-3i} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 54A, s = 6, i = 1, o = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 54B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 5, 8, 11, 16, 19, 22, 25, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 6, 9, 12, 17, 20, 23, 26, .... The multi-group spacing increases from the existing 8 to 14. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 3.

[0152] -◆Case 4: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0153] Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formulas: k = (12 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (configuration type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ + 4 + i (configuration type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 6} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 55A, s = 10, i = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 55B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 9, 11, 22, 24, 31, 33, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 5, 12, 14, 25, 27, 34, 36, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 8, 15, 17, 28, 30, 37, 39, .... The multi-group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 22. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2.

[0154] ――◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k=(12+s)n+(1+i)k'+(1+i / 2)Δ+o(Setting type 2, k'=0,1) k=(12+s)n+(1+i)k'+(1+i / 2)Δ+4+i+o(Setting type 2, k'=2,3) k'=0,1,2,3 n=0,1,... s∈{0,1,...} i∈{0,1,...,s / / 6} o∈{0,1,...,s-6i} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 56A, s = 10, i = 1, o = 3, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 56B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 5, 12, 14, 22, 24, 31, 33, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 8, 15, 17, 25, 27, 34, 36, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 9, 11, 18, 20, 28, 30, 37, 39, .... The multi-group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 19. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2.

[0155] ◆ Option 3: Multiple group spacing is increased, inter-group spacing is increased, and intra-group spacing is maintained. This option may be applied only to Basic / Extended Type 2. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0156] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0157] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ (Configuration Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} j∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 2} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s may represent the multiple group interval. (1 + j / 2)2 may represent the inter-group interval. In the example of Figure 57A, s = 4, j = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 57B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 10, 11, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 4, 13, 14, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 7, 16, 17, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 6 to 10. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 3.

[0158] --◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ + o (Setting Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 2} o ∈ {0, 1, ..., s - 2j} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 58A, s = 4, j = 1, o = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 58B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 12, 13, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 5, 6, 15, 16, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 8, 9, 18, 19, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 6 to 10. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 3.

[0159] -◆Case 2: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0160] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formulas: k = (12 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ (configuration type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + 3j (configuration type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 5} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 59A, s = 10, j = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 59B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 9, 10, 22, 23, 31, 32, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 4, 12, 13, 25, 26, 34, 35, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 7, 15, 16, 28, 29, 37, 38, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 22. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 3.

[0161] --◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (12 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ + o (Setting type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + 3j + o (Setting type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} j∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 5} o∈{0, 1, ..., s-5i} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 60A, s = 10, j = 1, o = 3, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 60B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 3, 4, 12, 13, 25, 26, 34, 35, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 6, 7, 15, 16, 28, 29, 37, 38, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs where k = 9, 10, 18, 19, 31, 32, 40, 41, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 19. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 3.

[0162] ◆ Option 4: Multiple group spacing is increased, inter-group spacing is increased, and intra-group spacing is increased. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0163] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0164] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (4 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + (1 + j) Δ (Configuration Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., s - i} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s may represent the multiple group spacing. 2 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. 1 + j may represent the inter-group spacing. In the example of Figure 61A, s = 4, i = 2, j = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 61B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 4, 8, 12, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 6, 10, 14, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 4 to 8. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 4. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2.

[0165] --◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (4 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + (1 + j)Δ + o (Setting Type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s} j∈{0, 1, ..., s-i} o∈{0, 1, ..., s-i} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 62A, s = 4, i = 2, j = 1, o = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 62B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 5, 9, 13, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 7, 11, 15, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 4 to 8. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 4. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2.

[0166] -◆Case 2: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0167] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (Setting Type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 3} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., (s - 3i) / / 2} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 63A, s = 10, i = 1, j = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 63B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 16, 18, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 5, 7, 21, 23, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 10, 12, 26, 28, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 6 to 16. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 5.

[0168] --◆Calculation formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (6 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ + o (Setting type 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 3} j∈{0, 1, ..., (s-3i) / / 2} o∈{0, 1, ..., s-3i-2j} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 64A, s = 10, i = 1, j = 2, o = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 64B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 4, 18, 20, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 7, 9, 23, 25, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 12, 14, 28, 30, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 6 to 16. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 5.

[0169] -◆Case 3: Extended DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0170] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (8 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + (1 + j) Δ (Setting Type 1) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 3} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., s - 3i} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 65A, s = 12, i = 3, j = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 65B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 8 to 20. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 5. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 3.

[0171] --◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or may be defined by the specifications. k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (8 + s)n + (2 + i)k' + (1 + j)Δ + o (Setting Type 1) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 3} j∈{0, 1, ..., s-3i} o∈{0, 1, ..., s-3i-j} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. o may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 66A, s = 12, i = 3, j = 2, o = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 66B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34, 39, ... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 8 to 20. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 5. The inter-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 3.

[0172] -◆Case 4: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0173] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (12 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (configuration type 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s)n + (1 + i)k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + i + 3j (configuration type 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 6} j∈{0, 1, ..., (s - 6i) / / 5} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 67A, s = 14, i = 1, j = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 67B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 0, 2, 12, 14, 26, 28, 38, 40, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 4, 6, 16, 18, 30, 32, 42, 44, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs where k = 8, 10, 20, 22, 34, 36, 46, 48, ... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 26, the intra-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2, and the inter-group spacing increases from the existing 2 to 4.

[0174] ――◆Calculation Formula 1: The starting point of CDM group 0 may be set or defined by the specifications. k may be calculated using the following formula: k=(12+s)n+(1+i)k'+(1+i / 2+j / 2)Δ+o(Setting type 2, k'=0,1) k=(12+s)n+(1+i)k'+(1+i / 2+j / 2)Δ+4+i+3j+o(Setting type 2, k'=2,3) k'=0,1,2,3 n=0,1,... s∈{0,1,...} i∈{0,1,...,s / / 6} j∈{0,1,...,(s-6i) / / 5} o∈{0,1,...,s-6i} s may be set by the NW or defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. o may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. In the example of Figure 68A, s = 14, i = 1, j = 1, o = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 68B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 4, 14, 16, 24, 26, 34, 36, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 8, 18, 20, 28, 30, 38, 40, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 34, 42, 44, .... The multiple group spacing increases from the existing 12 to 22. The intra-group spacing increases from the existing 1 to 2. The inter-group spacing will be increased from the existing 2 to 4.

[0175] This embodiment reduces the DMRS resources configured for each DMRS port by using different DMRS densities (for different CDM groups). This embodiment may follow at least one of the following options:

[0176] ◆ Option 1: The multi-group spacing in at least one CDM group is increased, the intra-group spacing is maintained, and the inter-group spacing is maintained. Different multi-group spacing may be used between multiple CDM groups. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0177] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0178] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formulas: k = (4 + s_0)n + 2k' + Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 0) k = (4 + s_1)n + 2k' + Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s_0 ∈ {0, 2, 4, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 2, 4, ...} s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. 4 + s_0 may represent the multiplex group spacing in CDM group 0. 4 + s_1 may represent the multiplex group spacing in CDM group 1. In the example of Figure 69A, s_0 = 2 and s_1 = 4, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 69B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 6, 8, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 9, 11, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 increases from the existing 4 to 6. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 1 increases from the existing 4 to 8.

[0179] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0180] -◆Case 2: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0181] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (6 + s_0)n + k' + Δ (Configuration Type 2, CDM Group 0) k = (6 + s_1)n + k' + Δ (Configuration Type 2, CDM Group 1) k = (6 + s_2)n + k' + Δ (Configuration Type 2, CDM Group 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s_0 ∈ {0, 6, 12, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 6, 12, ...} s_2 ∈ {0, 6, 12, ...} s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. 6 + s_0 may represent the multiplex group interval in CDM group 0. 6 + s_1 may represent the multiplex group interval in CDM group 1. 6 + s_2 may represent the multiple group spacing for CDM group 2. In the example of Figure 70A, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 6, and s_2 = 12, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, ..., and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 70B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 6, 7, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 14, 15, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 22, 23, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 is maintained at the existing 6. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 1 is increased from the existing 6 to 12. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 2 is increased from the existing 6 to 18.

[0182] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0183] -◆Case 3: Extended DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0184] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formulas: k = (8 + s_0)n + 2k' + Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 0) k = (8 + s_1)n + 2k' + Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s_0 ∈ {0, 2, 4, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 2, 4, ...} s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. 8 + s_0 may represent the multiplex group spacing in CDM group 0. 8 + s_1 may represent the multiplex group spacing in CDM group 1. In the example of Figure 71A, s_0 = 2 and s_1 = 6, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 71B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 17, 19, 21, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 increases from the existing 8 to 10. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 1 increases from the existing 8 to 14.

[0185] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0186] -◆Case 4: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0187] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula. k = (12 + s_0)n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s_1)n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s_2)n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (12 + s_0)n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 2, 3) k = (12 + s_1)n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 2, 3) k = (12 + s_2)n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, … s_0∈{0, 6, 12, …} s_1∈{0, 6, 12, ...} s_2∈{0, 6, 12, ...} s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. 12 + s_0 may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 0. 12 + s_1 may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 1. 12 + s_2 may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 2. In the example of Figure 72A, s_0 = 12, s_1 = 6, s_2 = 0, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 72B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 6, 7, 24, 25, 30, 31, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 8, 9, 20, 21, 26, 27, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 10, 11, 16, 17, 22, 23, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 is increased from the existing 12 to 24. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 1 is increased from the existing 12 to 18. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 2 is maintained at the existing 12.

[0188] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0189] ◆ Option 2: The multi-group spacing in at least one CDM group is increased, the intra-group spacing is increased, and the inter-group spacing is maintained. Different sparsity factors may be used between multiple CDM groups. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0190] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0191] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated using the following formula: k = (1 + s_0) (4 + s)n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (4 + s)n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0) (4 + s) may represent the multiplex group interval in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1) (4 + s) may represent the multiplex group interval in CDM group 1. In the example of Figure 73A, s = 2, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, as shown in Figure 73B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 6, 8, 12, 14, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 3, 13, 15, 25, 27, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 increases from the existing 4 to 6. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 1 increases from the existing 4 to 12.

[0192] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0193] -◆Case 2: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0194] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (1 + s_0) (6 + s)n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (6 + s)n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 1) k = (1 + s_2) (6 + s)n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} s_0∈{0, 1, ...} s_1∈{0, 1, ...} s_2∈{0, 1, ...} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(6 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing for CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(6 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing for CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(6 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing for CDM group 2. In the example of Figure 74A, s = 4, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 0, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, as shown in Figure 74B, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 10, 11, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 3, 22, 23, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 4, 5, 14, 15, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 increases from the existing 6 to 10. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 1 will increase from the existing 6 to 20. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 2 will increase from the existing 6 to 10.

[0195] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0196] -◆Case 3: Extended DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0197] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (1 + s_0) (8 + s)n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (8 + s)n + 2k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0) (8 + s) may represent the multiplex group interval in CDM group 0. (1 + s_0) (8 + s) may represent the multiplex group interval in CDM group 1. In the example of Figure 75, s = 2, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 1, 3, 5, 7, 21, 23, 25, 27, .... The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 0 is increased from the existing 8 to 10. The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 1 is increased from the existing 8 to 20.

[0198] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0199] -◆Case 4: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0200] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula. k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_2) (12 + s) n + k' + Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_2) (12 + s) n + k' + Δ + 4 (setting type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_2 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 2. In the example of Figure 76, s = 4, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 0, 1, 6, 7, 16, 17, 22, 23, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 2, 3, 8, 9, 34, 35, 40, 41, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs where k = 4, 5, 10, 11, 52, 53, 58, 59, .... The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 0 is increased from the existing 12 to 16. The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 1 is increased from the existing 12 to 32. The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 2 is increased from the existing 12 to 48.

[0201] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0202] ◆ Option 3: The multi-group spacing in at least one CDM group is increased, the intra-group spacing is increased, and the inter-group spacing is maintained. Different sparsity factors may be used between multiple CDM groups. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0203] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0204] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (1 + s_0) (4 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (4 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0) (4 + s) may represent the multiplexing group interval in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(4 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 1. 2 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. In the example of Figure 77, s = 2, i = 1, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 3, 6, 9, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 13, 16, 19, 22, .... The multiple group spacing in CDM group 0 increases from the existing 4 to 6. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 1 increases from the existing 4 to 6. The intra-group spacing increases from 2 to 3.

[0205] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0206] -◆Case 2: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0207] ――◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (1 + s_0) (6 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (6 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 1) k = (1 + s_2) (6 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} s_0∈{0, 1, ...} s_1∈{0, 1, ...} s_2∈{0, 1, ...} i∈{0, 1, ... , s / / 3} s may be set by the NW or defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(6 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(6 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(6 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 2. 1 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. In the example of Figure 78, s = 4, i = 1, s_0 = 2, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 0, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 0, 2, 30, 32, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 3, 5, 23, 25, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs where k = 6, 8, 16, 18, .... The multiple group spacing in CDM group 0 increases from the existing 6 to 30. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 1 increases from the existing 6 to 20. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 2 increases from the existing 6 to 10. The intra-group spacing increases from 1 to 2.

[0208] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0209] -◆Case 3: Extended DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0210] --◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (1 + s_0) (8 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (8 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + Δ (Configuration Type 1, CDM Group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 3} s may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0) (8 + s) may represent the multiplexing group interval in CDM group 0. (1 + s_0)(8 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 1. 2 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. In the example of Figure 79, s = 6, i = 1, s_0 = 1, s_1 = 0, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 3, 6, 9, 28, 31, 34, 37, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 1, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, 21, 24, .... The multiple group spacing in CDM group 0 increases from the existing 8 to 28. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 1 increases from the existing 8 to 14. The intra-group spacing increases from 2 to 3.

[0211] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0212] -◆Case 4: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0213] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formulas. k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_2) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ + 4 + i (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ + 4 + i (Configuration type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_2) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2) Δ + 4 + i (Configuration type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_2 ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 6} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. s_0 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. s_1 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. s_2 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(12 + s) may represent the multiplex group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(12 + s) may represent the multiplex group spacing in CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(12 + s) may represent the multiplex group spacing in CDM group 2. 1 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. In the example of Figure 80, s = 10, i = 1, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4.In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 9, 11, 22, 24, 31, 33, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 5, 12, 14, 35, 37, 44, 46, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 8, 15, 17, 48, 50, 57, 59, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 increases from the existing 12 to 22. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 1 increases from the existing 12 to 32. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 2 increases from the existing 12 to 42. The intra-group spacing increases from 1 to 2.

[0214] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0215] ◆ Option 4: The multi-group spacing in at least one CDM group is increased, the inter-group spacing is increased, and the intra-group spacing is maintained. Different sparsity factors may be used between multiple CDM groups. This option may only be applied to Basic / Extended Type 2. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0216] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0217] ――◆Calculation Formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula: k = (1 + s_0) (6 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ (Configuration Type 2, CDM Group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (6 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ (Configuration Type 2, CDM Group 1) k = (1 + s_2) (6 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ (Configuration Type 2, CDM Group 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s∈{0, 1, ...} s_0∈{0, 1, ...} s_1∈{0, 1, ...} s_2∈{0, 1, ...} j∈{0, 1, ..., s / / 2} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(6 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(6 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(6 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 2. 1 + j / 2 may represent the inter-group spacing. In the example of Figure 81, s = 4, j = 1, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 0, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 1, 10, 11, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 4, 23, 24, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 6, 7, 16, 17, .... The multiple group spacing in CDM group 0 increases from the existing 6 to 10. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 1 increases from the existing 6 to 20. The multiple group spacing in CDM group 2 increases from the existing 6 to 10. The inter-group spacing increases from 2 to 3.

[0218] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0219] -◆Case 2: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0220] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula. k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + k' + (j + i / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_2) (12 + s) n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + 3j (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + k' + (1 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + 3j (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_2)(12 + s)n + k' + (1 + j / 2)Δ + 4 + 3j (Configuration Type 2, CDM Group 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_2 ∈ {0, 1, ...} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 5} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. s_0 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. s_1 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. s_2 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. j may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specification. (1 + s_0)(12 + s) may represent the multiplexing group interval in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 2. 1 + j / 2 may represent the inter-group spacing. In the example of Figure 82, s = 10, j = 1, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4.In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 0, 1, 9, 10, 22, 23, 31, 32, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 3, 4, 12, 13, 47, 48, 56, 57, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs where k = 6, 7, 15, 16, 72, 73, 81, 82, .... The multiple group spacing for CDM group 0 increases from the existing 12 to 22. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 1 increases from the existing 12 to 34. The multiple group spacing for CDM group 2 increases from the existing 12 to 66. The inter-group spacing increases from 2 to 3.

[0221] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0222] ◆ Option 5: The multi-group spacing in at least one CDM group is increased, the intra-group spacing is increased, and the inter-group spacing is increased. Different sparsity factors may be used between multiple CDM groups. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0223] -◆Case 1: Basic DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0224] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula. k = (1 + s_0) (4 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + (1 + j) Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (4 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + (1 + j) Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., s - i} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(4 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(4 + s) may represent the multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 1. 2 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. 1 + j may represent the inter-group spacing. In the example of Figure 83, s = 4, i = 2, j = 1, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 4, 8, 12, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 2, 6, 18, 22, .... The multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 0 increases from the existing 4 to 8. The multiplexing group spacing in CDM group 1 increases from the existing 4 to 16. The intra-group spacing will remain at the existing 2. The inter-group spacing will increase from the existing 1 to 2.

[0225] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0226] -◆Case 2: Basic DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0227] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula. k = (1 + s_0) (6 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (configuration type 2, CDM group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (6 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (configuration type 2, CDM group 1) k = (1 + s_2) (6 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (configuration type 2, CDM group 2) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_2 ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ... , s / / 3} j ∈ {0, 1, ... , (s-3i) / / 2} s may be set by the NW or defined by the specification. s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(6 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(6 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(6 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 2. 1 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) × 2 may represent the inter-group spacing. In the example of Figure 84, s = 10, i = 1, j = 2, s_0 = 2, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 0, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 2, 48, 50, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 5, 7, 37, 39, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs with k = 10, 12, 26, 28, .... The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 0 is increased from the existing 6 to 48. The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 1 is increased from the existing 6 to 32.The multi-group spacing in CDM group 2 will increase from the existing 6 to 16. The intra-group spacing will increase from the existing 1 to 2. The inter-group spacing will increase from the existing 2 to 5.

[0228] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0229] -◆Case 3: Extended DMRS Type 1 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0230] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula. k = (1 + s_0) (8 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + (1 + j) Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 0) k = (1 + s_1) (8 + s) n + (2 + i) k' + (1 + j) Δ (configuration type 1, CDM group 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ..., s / / 3} j ∈ {0, 1, ..., s-3i} s may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_0 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the NW or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(8 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_0)(8 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 1. 2 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. 1 + j may represent the inter-group spacing. In the example of Figure 85, s = 12, i = 3, j = 2, s_0 = 1, s_1 = 0, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 1. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs with k = 0, 5, 10, 15, 40, 45, 50, 55, ..., and CDM group 1 may be placed in REs with k = 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, ... The multi-group spacing in CDM group 0 will increase from the existing 8 to 40. The multi-group spacing in CDM group 1 will increase from the existing 8 to 20. The intra-group spacing will increase from the existing 2 to 5. The inter-group spacing will increase from the existing 1 to 3.

[0231] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0232] -◆Case 4: Extended DMRS Type 2 k may follow at least one of the following calculation formulas.

[0233] --◆Calculation formula 0: k may be calculated by the following formula. k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_2) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ (setting type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 0, 1) k = (1 + s_0) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + i + 3j (setting type 2, CDM group 0, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_1) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + i + 3j (configuration type 2, CDM group 1, k' = 2, 3) k = (1 + s_2) (12 + s) n + (1 + i) k' + (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) Δ + 4 + i + 3j (configuration type 2, CDM group 2, k' = 2, 3) k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 0, 1, ... s ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_0 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_1 ∈ {0, 1, ...} s_2 ∈ {0, 1, ...} i ∈ {0, 1, ... , s / / 6} j ∈ {0, 1, ... , (s-6i) / / 5} s may be set by the NW or defined by the specification. s_0 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_1 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. s_2 may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. i may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. j may be set by the network or may be defined by the specifications. (1 + s_0)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 0. (1 + s_1)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 1. (1 + s_2)(12 + s) may represent the multiple group spacing in CDM group 2. 1 + i may represent the intra-group spacing. (1 + i / 2 + j / 2) × 2 may represent the inter-group spacing.In the example of Figure 86, s = 14, i = 1, j = 1, s_0 = 0, s_1 = 1, s_2 = 2, and k is determined from n = 0, 1, ..., k' = 0, 1, 2, 3, and Δ = 0, 2, 4. In this case, CDM group 0 may be placed in REs where k = 0, 2, 12, 14, 26, 28, 38, 40, ..., CDM group 1 may be placed in REs where k = 4, 6, 16, 18, 56, 58, 68, 70, ..., and CDM group 2 may be placed in REs where k = 8, 10, 20, 22, 86, 88, 98, 100, .... The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 0 is increased from the existing 12 to 26. The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 1 is increased from the existing 12 to 52. The multiplex group spacing for CDM group 2 is increased from the existing 12 to 78. The intra-group spacing will increase from the existing 1 to 2. The inter-group spacing will increase from the existing 2 to 4.

[0234] --Calculation formula 1: As in embodiment 1-1, the start point (offset) o of CDM group 0 may be applied to calculation formula 0.

[0235] <<Embodiments 1-3>> This embodiment customizes the subcarrier index for each DMRS CDM group. This embodiment may follow at least one of the following options:

[0236] ◆ Option 1: Subcarrier index for each DMRS CDM group based on the Rel. 18 DMRS pattern may be customized. This option may be applied in at least one of the following cases:

[0237] --◆Case 1 / 2: In basic / extended DMRS configuration type 1, subcarrier indices for each DMRS CDM group are customized. Resources for each DMRS port / each CDM group may be indicated / configured by at least one of customized parameters n, Δ, k', and k. --◆This case may be subject to at least one of the following parameters: --◆ A subset of n may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --◆ A subset of Δ may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --◆ A subset of k' may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --◆ A combination of at least two of a subset of n, a subset of Δ, a subset of k', and a subset k may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --◆As in the example of Figure 87, in basic / extended DMRS setting type 1, the subcarrier indices {0, 2, 4, ... , 34} for CDM group 0 and the subcarrier indices {1, 3, 5, ... , 35} for CDM group 1 may be customized, and the subcarrier indices {0, 4, 6, 8, 16, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 32, 34} for CDM group 0 and the subcarrier indices {1, 3, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 33, 35} for CDM group 1 may be set by the NW.

[0238] --◆Case 3 / 4: In Basic / Extended DMRS Configuration Type 2, subcarrier indices for each DMRS CDM group are customized. Resources for each DMRS port / each CDM group may be indicated / configured by at least one of customized parameters n, Δ, k', and k. --◆This case may be subject to at least one of the following parameters: --◆ A subset of n may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --◆ A subset of Δ may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --◆ A subset of k' may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --◆ A combination of at least two of a subset of n, a subset of Δ, a subset of k', and a subset k may be indicated / configured to determine which subcarriers correspond to DMRS. --As shown in the example of Figure 88, in the basic / extended DMRS configuration type 2, the subcarrier indexes for CDM group 0 are {0,1,6,7,12,13,18,19,24,25,30,31}, the subcarrier indexes for CDM group 1 are {2,3,8,9,14,15,20,21,26,27,32,33}, and the subcarrier indexes for CDM group 2 are {4,5,10,11,16,17, Subcarrier indexes {0,1,6,7,30,31} for CDM group 0, subcarrier indexes {14,15,20,21,26,27,32,33} for CDM group 1, and subcarrier indexes {4,5,10,11,16,17,28,29,34,35} for CDM group 2 may be customized, and subcarrier indexes {0,1,6,7,30,31} for CDM group 0, subcarrier indexes {14,15,20,21,26,27,32,33} for CDM group 1, and subcarrier indexes {4,5,10,11,16,17,28,29,34,35} for CDM group 2 may be set by the NW.

[0239] ◆ Option 2: The subcarrier index for each DMRS CDM group may be customized without considering the Rel. 18 DMRS pattern.

[0240] Subcarrier indices for two DMRS CDM groups (Basic / Extended DMRS Configuration Type 1) may be customized without considering the Rel. 18 DMRS pattern. As shown in the example of Figure 89, available subcarrier indices {0, 1, ..., 35} may be customized, and subcarrier indices {0, 1, 4, 6, 8, 20, 22, 24, 25, 34} for CDM group 0 and subcarrier indices {3, 9, 10, 11, 19, 23, 26, 35} for CDM group 1 may be configured by the network.

[0241] Subcarrier indices for three DMRS CDM groups (Basic / Extended DMRS Configuration Type 2) may be customized without considering the Rel. 18 DMRS pattern. As shown in the example of Figure 90, available subcarrier indices {0, 1, ..., 35} may be customized, and subcarrier indices {0, 6, 20, 24, 25, 34} for CDM group 0, subcarrier indices {3, 9, 19, 35} for CDM group 1, and subcarrier indices {4, 8, 10, 11, 13, 17, 21, 22, 23, 28, 30, 31} for CDM group 2 may be configured by the network.

[0242] <<Embodiments 1-4>> This embodiment relates to a configuration of reduced DMRS, which may follow at least one of the following options.

[0243] ◆ Option 1 In non-AI / ML channel estimation, the UE obtains DMRS frequency configuration parameters from the NW through Note 1 described below. The parameters may include at least one of the following parameters: - ◆ DMRS configuration type. - ◆ Increased multiple group spacing. Or its associated parameter s. - ◆ Increased intra-group spacing. Or its associated parameter i. - ◆ Increased inter-group spacing. Or its associated parameter j. - ◆ Multiple CDM groups with different multiple group spacings / different sparsity factors. Or its associated parameters s_0, s_1, s_2. - ◆ Subcarrier index of each CDM group. - ◆ Other auxiliary parameters. - ◆ A combination of multiple parameters from the above parameters.

[0244] ◆ Option 2 In the AI / ML channel estimation, parameters for configuring DMRS frequency resources (DMRS configuration / DMRS configuration parameters / DMRS frequency configuration parameters) are obtained according to the ID of the configured / activated / selected AI / ML feature / model. The parameters may follow at least one of the following procedures: -◆ The AI / ML feature / model corresponds to one or more sets of DMRS frequency configuration parameters. -◆ The UE determines the DMRS frequency configuration parameters based on the AI / ML feature / model. Here, the UE may follow at least one of the following procedures: -◆ The UE may directly determine the DMRS frequency configuration parameters (set) based on the AI / ML feature / model. -◆ The UE may determine the DMRS frequency configuration parameters (set) based on the AI / ML feature / model combined with the UE capabilities. -◆ The UE determines the DMRS frequency configuration parameters based on the result / output of the associated AI / ML feature / model ID. -◆The UE / NW may select one of multiple DMRS frequency configuration parameter sets, and the ID of the selected set may be received / reported by the UE through at least one of Notes 1 to 3 described below. -◆Variation: The DMRS frequency configuration parameter may be set, and the UE may determine which AI / ML function / model to use based on the DMRS frequency configuration parameter.

[0245] ◆ Option 3: A combination of Options 1 and 2. For example, several candidate DMRS frequency setting parameters are determined by Option 1, and a DMRS frequency setting parameter is determined by Option 2 from among the several candidate DMRS frequency setting parameters.

[0246] <<Embodiment 1-5>> This embodiment relates to scheduling constraints / adjustments.

[0247] In addition to at least one of embodiments 1-1 to 1-3, the DMRS configuration may be adjusted according to the scheduling granularity regarding the number X of RBs in each scheduling unit / RB group.

[0248] According to at least one of Embodiments 1-1 to 1-3 using a certain configuration (s / i / j) of multiple group intervals / intra-group intervals / inter-group intervals, there may be different numbers of DMRS REs in each scheduling unit, which leads to high complexity of channel estimation at the UE side. For example, assuming that the numbers of DMRS RSs in the frequency domain for the first and second ports in a two-port DMRS configuration in one RB are 4 and 2, respectively, there should be two channel estimation algorithms for the first and second ports separately due to the different numbers of DMRS REs in the frequency domain. However, if the numbers of DMRSs in the frequency domain for the two ports are the same, the same channel estimation algorithm is expected.

[0249] This embodiment may follow at least one of the following strategies:

[0250] ◆ Strategy 1 (UE perspective, strategy for high-performance UEs): The UE may assume different patterns of DMRS RE locations for different scheduling units / RB groups and may perform corresponding channel estimation or DMRS transmission accordingly. For example, in Case 2 of Option 1 of Embodiment 1-1, the DMRS configuration may be non-uniform in two RBs as follows ( FIG. 91A ). - ◆ The subcarrier indices in CDM group 0 are {0, 1, 10, 11, 20, 21}. - ◆ The subcarrier indices in CDM group 1 are {2, 3, 12, 13}. - ◆ The subcarrier indices in CDM group 2 are {4, 5, 14, 15}. - ◆ For CDM group 0, channel estimation algorithm 1 may be adopted to estimate the channel from six DMRS REs. For CDM groups 1 and 2, channel estimation algorithm 2 may be adopted to estimate the channel from four DMRS REs. Alternatively, the UE may be able to jointly estimate the channel from CDM groups 0 to 2 in 2 RBs.

[0251] ◆ Strategy 2 (network perspective, strategy for lower (low performance) UEs): To ensure the same DMRS RE location in different scheduling units / RB groups, there may be constraints on the DMRS configuration in at least one of Embodiments 1-1 to 1-3. For example, in Case 2 of Option 1 of Embodiment 1-1, s may be equal to 12 to obtain uniform DMRS configuration in two RBs as follows (FIG. 91B): - ◆ The subcarrier indices in CDM group 0 are {0, 1, 12, 13}. - ◆ The subcarrier indices in CDM group 1 are {2, 3, 14, 15}. - ◆ The subcarrier indices in CDM group 2 are {4, 5, 16, 17}. - ◆ For CDM groups 0 to 2, channel estimation algorithm 1 may be adopted to estimate the channel from four DMRS REs.

[0252] <<Embodiment 1-6>> This embodiment relates to UE capabilities.

[0253] The UE may report at least one of the following capabilities: * Capability of each embodiment * Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment * Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment * Capability of each policy in embodiments 1-5.

[0254] The UE may report at least one of several capabilities above for each feature or model ID.

[0255] The UE may report at least one of the above capabilities per frequency, or may report at least one of the above capabilities per UE (with or without distinction between TDD and FDD, and with or without distinction between terrestrial network (TN) and non-terrestrial network (NTN)), per frequency range (FR), per SCS, per band, per band combination, per FS, or per FSPC.

[0256] According to this embodiment, it is possible to achieve at least one of reducing DMRS resources / overhead and increasing DMRS ports.

[0257] Second Embodiment This embodiment relates to a new configuration of DMRS in the time domain, which may correspond to a certain AI / ML function / model (ID).

[0258] This embodiment may improve the spacing between multiple DMRS time resources regularly / irregularly by redesigning / adding time domain positions in the positions of PDSCH / PUSCH in existing specifications.

[0259] The reduction in the time domain of the DMRS configured for the DMRS port / CDM group may be in accordance with at least one of the following embodiments 2-x.

[0260] <<Embodiment 2-0>> This embodiment reduces the time domain DMRS resources in each slot by specifying a position beyond the position selected based on the configuration table in Rel. 18. The specification may be defined, or may be set by the network through Note 1 described later, or may be associated with the function / model (ID) of the AI / ML.

[0261] The configuration of the DMRS resource in the frequency domain may be determined based on at least one of the existing DMRS configuration and the first embodiment.

[0262] The new configuration may include the following information: ◆ Indication of DMRS resources within the selected symbol in each slot. For example, as in the example of Figure 92A, if four symbols of DMRS (one leading DMRS symbol and three additional DMRS symbols) are configured by 'pos3', the indication may be a bitmap mask [1 0 1 1] for 'pos3' to select from multiple reserved DMRS positions. The four symbols may correspond to four bits of the bitmap mask, respectively. A value of 1 for each bit may indicate that the corresponding symbol is used for DMRS. As in the example of Figure 92B, a bitmap mask [1 0 1 1] may indicate that the first, third, and fourth symbols of the four-symbol DMRS are used for DMRS.

[0263] <<Embodiment 2-1>> This embodiment reduces the maximum number of available positions using time-domain flexible positions in each slot. The flexible positions may be specified in the specification, may be configured by the NW through Note 1 below, or may be associated with (the ID of) an AI / ML function / model (e.g., may be the result / output of the ID of the configured / instructed function / model).

[0264] The configuration of the DMRS resource in the frequency domain may be determined based on at least one of the existing DMRS configuration and the first embodiment.

[0265] The new configuration may include at least one of the following pieces of information: A new table of DMRS locations. New parameters within that table. For example, A2_10 , x A2_10 , y A2_10◆ Indication of DMRS resources within the selected symbol in each slot. For example, as in the example of Figure 93A, if a three-symbol DMRS (one leading DMRS symbol and two additional DMRS symbols) is configured by 'pos2', the indication may be a bitmap mask [0 1 1] to select the second and third symbols. The three symbols may correspond to three bits of the bitmap mask, respectively. A value of 1 for each bit may indicate that the corresponding symbol is used for DMRS. As in the example of Figure 93B, a bitmap mask [0 1 1] may indicate that the second and third symbols of the three-symbol DMRS are used for DMRS. ◆ A combination of two or more of the above information.

[0266] <<<Example of Embodiment 2-1>>> Figure 94 shows an example of a table D11-1 including DMRS positions for single-symbol DMRS for PDSCH. d l for the combination of and dmrs-AdditionalPosition － According to this table, the maximum number of available positions of DMRS resources configured in the time domain in one slot is reduced. － But (l A2_14 , x A2_14 , y A2_14 ), and the 3-bit bit mask is (1, 0, 1), the actual DMRS position l － is (l A2_14 , y A2_14 )

[0267] 95 shows an example of a table D11-2 including DMRS positions for double-symbol DMRS for PDSCH. d l for the combination of and dmrs-AdditionalPosition － According to this table, the maximum number of available positions of the DMRS resource configured in the time domain in one slot is reduced.

[0268] <<Embodiment 2-2>> This embodiment relates to a frequency domain resource in each time domain resource of a DMRS.

[0269] In each slot, different DMRS resources in the frequency domain may be used for different symbols, and the configuration may be specified in the specification, configured by the network through Note 1 below, or associated with the function / model (ID) of the AI / ML.

[0270] The configuration of the DMRS resource in the frequency domain may be determined based on at least one of the existing DMRS configuration and the first embodiment.

[0271] The setting of symbols for DMRS resources in each slot may be determined based on at least one of existing DMRS settings and embodiment 2-1.

[0272] The new configuration may include at least one of the following pieces of information: ◆ Instruction for configuring frequency-domain DMRS resources in specific symbols in each slot. For example, when three DMRS symbols are configured as in the example of Figure 96A, the instruction may instruct to use the formula of the existing DMRS configuration for the first DMRS symbol and to use embodiment 1-1 for the second and third DMRS symbols as in the example of Figure 96B. The instruction may be, for example, a bitmap mask [0 1 1].

[0273] <<<Example of Embodiment 2-2>>> The new configuration may indicate different DMRS resources in the frequency domain for different symbols in each slot.

[0274] For the time domain configuration of embodiment 2-1, configuration 1 may be the existing configuration, and configuration 2 may be the configuration of case 1 of embodiment 1-1.

[0275] For example, setting 1 may be given by the following formula: k=4n+2k'+Δ(setting type 1) k'=0, 1 n=0, 1, ...

[0276] For example, setting 2 may be given by the following formula: k = (4 + s)n + 2k' + Δ (setting type 1) k' = 0, 1 n = 0, 1, ... s = 4

[0277] Figure 97 shows an example of a table D12-1 including DMRS positions for single-symbol DMRS for PDSCH. d l for the combination of and dmrs-AdditionalPosition － This table indicates the value of the time domain. － The value of may be given by configuration 1 (Config1) or configuration 2 (Config2) for each symbol.

[0278] <<Embodiment 2-3>> This embodiment relates to a frequency domain resource in each time domain resource of a DMRS.

[0279] In different slots, at least one different DMRS resource in the frequency domain and one different DMRS resource in the time domain may be used, and the configuration may be specified in the specification, configured by the NW through Note 1 below, or associated with the function / model (ID) of the AI / ML.

[0280] The configuration of the DMRS resource in the frequency domain may be determined based on at least one of the existing DMRS configuration and the first embodiment.

[0281] The setting of symbols for DMRS resources in each slot may be determined based on at least one of the existing DMRS setting, embodiment 2-1, and embodiment 2-2.

[0282] The new configuration may include at least one of the following pieces of information: ◆ An instruction to configure DMRS resources in a specific slot. For example, the instruction indicates that the existing DMRS configuration is to be used for the slot with SFN mod 2=0, and that embodiment 2-1 is to be used for the slot with SFN mod 2=1. ◆ An instruction to configure the number of DMRS symbols in a specific slot. For example, the instruction indicates that 'pos0' is to be configured for the slot with SFN mod 2=0, and that 'pos_null' is to be configured for the slot with SFN mod 2=1. ◆ A combination of two or more pieces of information from the above pieces of information.

[0283] Variation: The UE may not expect / assume any PDSCH / PUSCH / PDCCH / PUCCH that does not contain DMRS symbols within the DMRS bundling time domain window.

[0284] <<<Example of Embodiment 2-3>>> The new configuration may indicate different DMRS resources in the frequency domain in different slots in the time domain.

[0285] For example, in a slot with SFN mod 2=0, the slot setting may be the legacy DMRS setting, the number of symbols may be 'pos0', and the position may be 10. In a slot with SFN mod 2=1, the slot setting may be the embodiment 2-1, the number of symbols may be 'pos1' (bitmap [0 1]), and 10 according to the table may be (1 A1_14 , x A1_14 ) and the bitmap is [0 1], the actual position l0 is (x A1_14 ) may also be used.

[0286] <<Embodiment 2-4>> This embodiment relates to UE capabilities.

[0287] The UE may report at least one of the following capabilities: * Capability of each embodiment * Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of options in each embodiment * Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of options in each embodiment * Capability to support enhanced DMRS.

[0288] The UE may report at least one of several capabilities above for each feature or model ID.

[0289] The UE may report at least one of the above capabilities per frequency, or may report at least one of the above capabilities per UE (with or without distinction between TDD and FDD, and with or without distinction between terrestrial network (TN) and non-terrestrial network (NTN)), per frequency range (FR), per SCS, per band, per band combination, per FS, or per FSPC.

[0290] According to this embodiment, it is possible to achieve at least one of reducing DMRS resources / overhead and increasing DMRS ports.

[0291] Third Embodiment This embodiment relates to a new configuration of DMRS in the code domain, which may correspond to a certain AI / ML function / model (ID).

[0292] This embodiment may design a non-orthogonal (cover) code to replace the OCC in the context of reduced time / frequency resources to maintain the supported DMRS ports in a CDM group in existing specifications.

[0293] The reduction in the code domain of the DMRS configured for the DMRS port / CDM group may be in accordance with at least one of the following embodiments 3-x.

[0294] <<Embodiment 3-1>> This embodiment reduces the DMRS resource in the code domain in each CDM group by specifying a location in addition to the location (resource in the time / frequency domain) selected based on the configuration table in Rel. 18. The specification may be defined in the specification, may be configured by the network through Note 1 described later, or may be associated with the function / model (ID) of the AI / ML.

[0295] The configuration of the DMRS resources in the frequency / time domain may be determined based on at least one of the existing DMRS configuration, the first embodiment, and the second embodiment.

[0296] The new CDM configuration may include at least one of the following pieces of information: ◆ Indication of DMRS resources to be selected for one or more selected CDM groups. The indication may follow at least one of the following: ◆ The indication may be per CDM group or common to all CDM groups. For example, a bitmap mask for one or more CDM groups may be used to further select resources from the reserved DMRS resources. For example, a RE index for one or more CDM groups may be used to indicate the reserved / canceled DMRS resources. ◆ A mapping relationship between the bitmap and DMRS REs in a CDM group may be defined by a specification or may be configured by the NW (e.g., included in the new CDM configuration). The mapping relationship may indicate which DMRS RE in a CDM group a bit in the bitmap corresponds to. For example, the DMRS REs in one CDM group are ordered, and the bits in the bitmap are mapped one-to-one to the ordered DMRS REs. The ordering of the DMRS REs in one CDM group may be first in ascending or descending order in the frequency domain (if there are multiple resources of the same time, they are sorted in ascending or descending order in the frequency domain), and then in ascending or descending order in the time domain, or first in ascending or descending order in the time domain (if there are multiple resources of the same frequency, they are sorted in ascending or descending order in the time domain), and then in ascending or descending order in the frequency domain.

[0297] A new configuration of power boosting for a new CDM configuration may be introduced. For example, the new configuration may be implemented by adjusting the existing amplitude scaling factor (or ratio of PDSCH / PUSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE β ) for one or more CDM groups. DMRS For example, the new configuration may include a new amplitude scaling factor (or ratio of PDSCH / PUSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE β DMRS [dB]) and a new table may be introduced.

[0298] The UE may not expect / assume to receive an existing DMRS port and a new DMRS port (according to one or more embodiments) within the same CDM group of a DL transmission.

[0299] The UE may not expect / assume to transmit an existing DMRS port and a new DMRS port (according to one or more embodiments) within the same CDM group of an UL transmission.

[0300] Even if some of the OCCs are 0, the receiver (UE or NW) may separate multiple OCCs by AI / ML. By not allocating DMRS and OCC to some REs of the OCCs, the number of DMRS ports can be maintained while reducing the DMRS resources.

[0301] <<<Example 1 of Embodiment 3-1>>> The bitmap mask for each CDM group may be the same. In an example of extended configuration type 1 single-symbol DMRS, eight DMRS ports are used, and w_f(0) to w_f(3) and w_t(0) are valid. In this example, ports 1000, 1001, 1008, and 1009 are used in CDM group 0, and ports 1002, 1003, 1010, and 1011 are used in CDM group 1. Four FD-OCCs are used for four DMRS REs per CDM group, thereby supporting four DMRS ports. In this example, for the application of the bitmap mask, the DMRS REs are ordered in ascending order of RE index. As shown in the examples of Figures 98 and 99, a 4-bit bitmap mask [1 1 1 0] is applied to the four DMRS REs (FD-OCCs of length 4) of each CDM group, so that w_f(0) to w_f(2) are applied and w_f(3) is 0. Four FD-OCCs are used for three DMRS REs per CDM group, thereby supporting four DMRS ports.

[0302] <<<Example 2 of Embodiment 3-1>>> The bitmap mask for each CDM group may be different. In an example of basic configuration type 2 double-symbol DMRS, 12 DMRS ports are used, and w_f(0), w_f(1) and w_t(0), w_t(1) are valid. In this example, ports 1000, 1001, 1006, and 1007 are used in CDM group 0, ports 1002, 1003, 1008, and 1009 are used in CDM group 1, and ports 1004, 1005, 1010, and 1011 are used in CDM group 2. For each CDM group, two FD-OCCs and two TD-OCCs are used for four DMRS REs, thereby supporting four DMRS ports. In this example, for the application of the bitmap mask, the DMRS REs are first ordered in ascending order of RE index in the frequency domain, and then ordered in ascending order of symbol index in the time domain. As shown in the examples of Figures 100 and 101, a 4-bit bitmap mask [1 0 1 1] is applied to the four DMRS REs of CDM group 0, so that w_f(1)w_t(0) is 0. A 4-bit bitmap mask [1 1 0 1] is applied to the four DMRS REs of CDM group 1, so that w_f(0)w_t(1) is 0. A 4-bit bitmap mask [1 1 1 0] is applied to the four DMRS REs of CDM group 2, so that w_f(1)w_t(1) is 0. For each CDM group, two FD-OCCs and two TD-OCCs are used for three DMRS REs, thereby supporting four DMRS ports.

[0303] <<<Example 3 of Embodiment 3-1>>> In power boosting, the DMRS (amplitude) scaling factor β PUSCH DMRS is β PUSCH DMRS= 10 - β_DMRS / 20. The DMRS scaling factor may follow at least one of the following options: ◆ Option 1: A DMRS scaling factor is determined for each symbol in one CDM group. ◆ Option 2: A common DMRS scaling factor is determined across multiple symbols in one CDM group. For example, the common DMRS scaling factor in one CDM group may be the minimum value of the DMRS scaling factors for each symbol in one CDM group.

[0304] Ratio β of PDSCH / PUSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE DMRS [dB] may be defined by extending an existing table, such as the example table in Figure 102. This table provides a β ratio for the DMRS configuration type, the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, and the reserved ratio of DMRS in each CDM group [within one symbol]. DMRS Shows.

[0305] <<<Example 4 of Embodiment 3-1>>> In power boosting, the intermediate amount α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) is precoded and an amplitude scaling factor β is added to adapt it to the transmit power. PUSCH DMRS and port p ～ j The amplitude scaling factor λ for p～_j DMRS and mapped to the physical resource. ～ k,l (p_j,μ) Based on α k,l (p_j,μ) may be given by the following equation E2:

[0306] Port P ～ j The amplitude scaling factor λ for p～_j DMRS is λ p～_j DMRS = 10 －λDMRS／20 is given by λDMRS A new table for [dB] may be defined in the specification. The example of the new table in Figure 103 is the reserved ratio of DMRS in each CDM group [within one symbol] versus λ. DMRS Shows.

[0307] <<Embodiment 3-2>> This embodiment reduces the DMRS resources of the code domain in each CDM group by specifying a location further than the location selected based on the new configuration table. The specification may specify the location, or the location may be set by the network through Note 1 described later, or the location may be associated with the function / model (ID) of the AI / ML.

[0308] The configuration of the DMRS resources in the frequency / time domain may be determined based on at least one of the existing DMRS configuration, the first embodiment, and the second embodiment.

[0309] The new CDM configuration may include at least one of the following pieces of information: ◆ Structure of the table of the new CDM configuration. The table structure may follow at least one of the following characteristics: - ◆ The table structure may be determined based on the existing CDM configuration. - ◆ The table structure may be a new table structure. For example, the table has an OCC with eight parameters instead of six parameters in the existing CDM configuration for one CDM group supporting up to eight DMRS ports. ◆ Parameters of the table. The parameters may follow at least one of the following characteristics: - ◆ The parameters may be defined in a table in the specification. - ◆ The new parameters may be transmitted between the NW and the UE through Note 2 / Note 3 described below. - ◆ The new parameters may be generated by the AI / ML functions / model. - ◆ The new parameters may be generated by the AI / ML functions / model from existing orthogonal DMRS ports. ◆ Indication of the DMRS resources selected for each CDM group. The indication may follow at least one of the following characteristics: -◆ For example, a bitmap mask may be used to select further resources from the reserved DMRS resources for a CDM group. -◆ A mapping relationship between the bitmap and the DMRS REs in the CDM group may be defined by a specification or configured by the NW (e.g., included in a new CDM configuration). The mapping relationship may indicate which DMRS RE in a CDM group a bit in the bitmap corresponds to. For example, the DMRS REs in a CDM group are ordered, and the bits in the bitmap are mapped one-to-one to the ordered DMRS REs.The order of the DMRS REs in one CDM group may be either first in ascending or descending order in the frequency domain (if there are multiple resources of the same time, they are sorted in ascending or descending order in the frequency domain), and then in ascending or descending order in the time domain, or first in ascending or descending order in the time domain (if there are multiple resources of the same frequency, they are sorted in ascending or descending order in the time domain), and then in ascending or descending order in the frequency domain.

[0310] A new configuration of power boosting for a new CDM configuration may be introduced. For example, the new configuration may be an amplitude scaling factor (or a ratio of PDSCH / PUSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE β ) according to the validity parameters for one or more CDM groups. DMRS [dB]) may be calculated. When the parameters in the new CDM setting are normalized, the power boosting method of embodiment 3-1 can be used.

[0311] <<<Example 1 of Embodiment 3-2>>> Figure 104 shows an example of a CDM configuration table D21-1 for DMRS configuration type 1 for PDSCH. Figure 105 shows an example of a CDM configuration table D21-2 for DMRS configuration type 2 for PDSCH. This example may conform to at least one of the following characteristics: ◆ The table structure is the existing CDM configuration. As a variation, the CDM configuration table may include eight parameters (w_f0_t0, w_f1_t0, w_f2_t0, w_f3_t0, w_f0_t1, w_f1_t1, w_f2_t1, w_f3_t1) instead of six parameters for one CDM group (w_f(0), w_f(1), w_f(2), w_f(3), w_t(0), w_t(1)). ◆ The table parameters may be defined in a table in the specification. ◆Similar to Table D21-1 / D21-2, a table of CDM settings for PUSCH may be defined in the specifications.

[0312] <<<<Example 2 of Embodiment 3-2>>> The above-described CDM configuration tables (e.g., D21-1 / D21-2) may be used for double-symbol DMRS. A different bitmap mask may be used for each CDM group. For each CDM group, four FD-OCCs and two TD-OCCs are used for eight DMRS REs, thereby supporting eight DMRS ports. As shown in the examples of Figures 106 and 107, for the configuration of table D21-1, a bitmap mask [1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0] is applied to CDM group 0, and a bitmap mask [1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0] is applied to CDM group 1. The actual parameters are determined by applying the bit masks to the new parameters (FD-OCC / TC-OCC) defined in the table. For CDM group 0, even if 6 of the 8 DMRS REs are used, 8 DMRS ports are maintained. For CDM group 1, even if 5 of the 8 DMRS REs are used, 8 DMRS ports are maintained.

[0313] <<<Example 3 of Embodiment 3-2>>> In power boosting, an amplitude scaling factor may be calculated according to the effectiveness parameter.

[0314] intermediate amount α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) is precoded and an amplitude scaling factor β is added to adapt it to the transmit power. PUSCH DMRS and port p ～ j The amplitude scaling factor λ for p～_j DMRS and mapped to the physical resource. ～ k,l (p_j,μ) Based on α k,l (p_j,μ) may be given by equation E2 above.

[0315] For Example 2 of Embodiment 3-2, the amplitude scaling factor λ for port p=1000 1000DMRS may be given by the following equation E3:

[0316] where the numerator 8 indicates the available DMRS energy, and the denominator indicates the effective DMRS energy from the parameters.

[0317] According to this power boosting, when DMRS is not allocated to some DMRS resources, as in Example 2 of Embodiment 3-2, the power of other DMRS resources can be increased.

[0318] <<Embodiment 3-3>> For the extended DMRS in at least one of embodiment 3-1 and embodiment 3-2, an additional PDSCH processing time in the PDSCH processing capability may be reported by the UE. This embodiment may follow at least one of several options below. ◆ Option 1: An existing table of PDSCH processing time for the PDSCH processing capability is extended. ◆ Option 2: An additional PDSCH processing time setting is introduced. ◆ Option 3: A new table of PDSCH processing time for the new UE capability is introduced.

[0319] <<<Example 1 of Embodiment 3-3>>> In Option 1, an existing table indicating the PDSCH processing time for PDSCH processing capability 1 may be extended, as in the example of Table D31-1 in Fig. 108. This table includes the PDSCH processing time for the existing DMRS (regular DMRS) and the PDSCH processing time for the advanced DMRS (advanced DMRS) in at least one of Embodiment 3-1 and Embodiment 3-2. The names of the regular DMRS / advanced DMRS and the value of the PDSCH processing time are not limited to this example.

[0320] <<<<Example 2 of Embodiment 3-3>>> In option 2, an additional parameter may be introduced to the existing processing time formula. For example, T proc,1 may be given by the following formula: T proc,1 = (N1 + N a +d 1,1 +d2) (2048+144)・κ2 －μ・T C +T ext

[0321] Additional parameter N a may be the additional PDSCH processing time. a An example of a table D31-2 including the following is shown: Additional PDSCH processing time / N a The name and value of the additional PDSCH processing time are not limited to this example.

[0322] <<<Example 3 of Embodiment 3-3>>> In option 3, UE processing capability 3 may be introduced. N1 may be based on at least one of an existing table and a new table. FIG. 110 shows an example of new table D31-3. The new table may indicate the PDSCH processing time for μ for UE processing capability 3. The name of UE processing capability 3 and the value of the PDSCH processing time are not limited to this example.

[0323] <<Embodiments 3-4>> This embodiment relates to UE capabilities.

[0324] The UE may report at least one of the following capabilities: ◆ Capability of each embodiment. ◆ Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment. ◆ Capability of each option in each embodiment, or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment. ◆ Capability to support at least one of transmitting PUCCH / PUSCH using extended DMRS and receiving PDCCH / PDSCH using extended DMRS.

[0325] The UE may report at least one of several capabilities above for each feature or model ID.

[0326] The UE may report at least one of the above capabilities per frequency, or may report at least one of the above capabilities per UE (with or without distinction between TDD and FDD, and with or without distinction between terrestrial network (TN) and non-terrestrial network (NTN)), per frequency range (FR), per SCS, per band, per band combination, per FS, or per FSPC.

[0327] According to this embodiment, it is possible to achieve at least one of reducing DMRS resources / overhead and increasing DMRS ports.

[0328] <Note 1> In the present disclosure, at least one procedure of whether an embodiment is applied, which embodiment is applied, whether an option / choice is applied, and which option / choice is applied may follow at least one of the following: ◆ The procedure is configured by one or more higher layer parameters. ◆ The procedure is determined by one or more related higher layer parameters. ◆ The procedure is indicated by a MAC CE or a DCI. ◆ The procedure is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The procedure is described in a specification. ◆ The procedure is based on conditions described in a specification. ◆ The procedure is determined by a combination of two or more of the above procedures. For example, the procedure is determined by the configuration / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCI and the reported UE capabilities.

[0329] In the present disclosure, multiple options / choices may be combined into one option / choice.

[0330] In the present disclosure, a UE may expect / assume an embodiment, or one or more options / choices of an embodiment, only if the UE reports support for a certain feature or model.

[0331] <Note 2> In the present disclosure, the UE may receive at least one type of information from the NW. In the present disclosure, the NW, base station, and gNB may be interchangeable. ◆ Information via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC message, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message). ◆ MAC CE. It may be a MAC CE with a new LCID in the subheader, or an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the extension may be the introduction of a new octet. ◆ DCI. It may be an existing DCI field or a newly introduced DCI field. The DCI may be a DCI with a CRC scrambled by an existing RNTI or a newly introduced RNTI. The DCI may be an existing DCI format or a newly introduced DCI format. ◆ A combination of two or more types from the above types.

[0332] In the present disclosure, the UE may receive information from the NW according to several periodicity types (time domain behavior): ◆ Periodic. ◆ Semi-persistent. Reception of the information may be triggered by an instruction from the UE or the NW. ◆ Aperiodic. Reception of the information may be triggered by an instruction from the UE or the NW.

[0333] <Note 3> In this disclosure, the UE may report / send at least one type of information from the following several types to the NW. In this disclosure, the NW, base station, and gNB may be read as interchangeable. ◆ Information via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC message, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message). ◆ MAC CE. It may be a MAC CE with a new LCID in the subheader, or an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the extension may be the introduction of a new octet. ◆ UCI. It may be UCI on the PUCCH or PUSCH. ◆ A combination of two or more types from the above several types.

[0334] In the present disclosure, the UE may report / transmit information to the NW according to several periodicity types (time domain behavior): ◆ Periodic. ◆ Semi-persistent. The reporting / transmission of the information may be triggered by an instruction from the UE or the NW. ◆ Aperiodic. The reporting / transmission of the information may be triggered by an instruction from the UE or the NW.

[0335] Note 4: In the present disclosure, functionality may be a set of parameters that can be supported based on conditions indicated by UE capabilities. For example, the set may include a set of parameters for at least one of CSI prediction, beam prediction, CSI compression, mobility, target / candidate beam / cell prediction, RRM prediction, channel estimation, and signal detection.

[0336] In the present disclosure, the UE may report to the NW, as a condition, any parameter value related to a function or model through one or more signalings in Note 3. For example, the condition may be reported through a UE capability report or a UE function / function group report.

[0337] In the present disclosure, the UE may report any parameter values ​​related to the function or model as additional conditions through one or more of the signaling in Note 3 or a method other than signaling over the air interface of the NW.

[0338] In the present disclosure, the UE may be instructed of some parameter value as an additional condition through one or more of the signaling in Note 2 or a method other than signaling over the air interface of the network.

[0339] In the present disclosure, the UE may report some information / indication (e.g., parameter name) regarding the above parameters as information / indication of additional conditions through one or more of the signaling in Note 3 or a method other than signaling on the air interface of the network.

[0340] In the present disclosure, the UE may be instructed, as information / instruction of additional conditions, information / instruction regarding the above parameters through one or more of the signaling in Note 2 or a method other than signaling on the air interface of the network. For example, the UE may report a device ID, a device vendor ID, etc. as an additional condition. The UE may be instructed a cell ID as an additional condition. For example, the UE may report or be instructed, as information / instruction of additional conditions, information / instruction such as a parameter name (e.g., "Cell ID" or "UE ID" instead of an ID value).

[0341] In this disclosure, methods other than signaling over the air interface of the network may refer to UE pre-configuration (e.g., configured by the UE vendor), operator configuration provided by the network operator, etc.

[0342] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0343] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0344] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0345] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0346] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0347] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0348] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0349] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0350] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0351] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting the specific process / action / control / assumption / information Capability of each embodiment Capability of each option in each embodiment or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment Capability of each option in each embodiment or a combination of multiple options in each embodiment.

[0352] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0353] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0354] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0355] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal comprising: a receiver that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel; and a controller that determines, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and controls transmission of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein a plurality of frequency resource densities corresponding to a plurality of code division multiplexing (CDM) groups are equal. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein a plurality of frequency resource densities corresponding to a plurality of code division multiplexing (CDM) groups are different. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the configuration indicates a subset of the plurality of frequency resources.

[0356] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal comprising: a receiver unit that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel; and a controller that determines, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources of a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and controls reception of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein a plurality of frequency resource densities corresponding to a plurality of code division multiplexing (CDM) groups are equal. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein a plurality of frequency resource densities corresponding to a plurality of code division multiplexing (CDM) groups are different. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the configuration indicates a subset of the plurality of frequency resources.

[0357] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel; and a controller that determines, based on the configuration, one or more time resources that are a part of a plurality of specific time resources of a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and controls transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the configuration includes a bitmap indicating the part. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the one or more time resources are a plurality of time resources, and a plurality of frequency resources corresponding to the plurality of time resources are different. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of resources of the DMRS corresponding to a plurality of slots are different.

[0358] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver unit that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel; and a controller that determines, based on the configuration, one or more time resources that are a part of a plurality of specific time resources of a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and controls reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the configuration includes a bitmap indicating the part. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the one or more time resources are a plurality of time resources, and a plurality of frequency resources corresponding to the plurality of time resources are different. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of resources of the DMRS corresponding to a plurality of slots are different.

[0359] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel; and a controller that determines a plurality of resources that are a part of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code based on the configuration, and controls transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the configuration includes a bitmap that indicates the part. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein power boosting is applied to the plurality of resources. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the controller reports capabilities related to the DMRS.

[0360] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver unit that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel; and a controller that determines a plurality of resources that are a part of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code based on the configuration, and controls reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the configuration includes a bitmap that indicates the part. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein power boosting is applied to the plurality of resources. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplements 1 to 3, wherein additional processing time is applied to the physical downlink shared channel.

[0361] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0362] 111 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like.

[0363] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0364] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0365] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0366] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0367] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0368] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0369] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0370] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0371] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0372] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0373] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0374] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0375] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0376] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0377] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0378] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0379] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0380] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0381] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0382] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0383] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0384] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0385] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0386] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0387] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0388] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0389] (Base Station) Fig. 112 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that there may be one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0390] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0391] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0392] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0393] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0394] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0395] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0396] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0397] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0398] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0399] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0400] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0401] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0402] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0403] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0404] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0405] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0406] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0407] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0408] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control reception of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources.

[0409] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources.

[0410] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, one or more time resources among a plurality of specific time resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0411] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine, based on the configuration, one or more time resources among a plurality of specific time resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0412] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine a plurality of resources, including a portion of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code, based on the configuration, and may control reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0413] The transceiver 120 may transmit a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 110 may determine a plurality of resources, including a portion of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code, based on the configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0414] (User terminal) Fig. 113 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0415] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0416] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0417] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0418] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0419] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0420] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0421] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0422] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0423] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0424] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0425] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0426] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0427] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0428] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0429] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0430] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0431] Note that the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0432] The transceiver unit 220 may receive a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 210 may determine, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources.

[0433] The frequency resource densities corresponding to the respective code division multiplexing (CDM) groups may be equal.

[0434] The frequency resource densities corresponding to the respective code division multiplexing (CDM) groups may be different.

[0435] The configuration may indicate a subset of the plurality of frequency resources.

[0436] The transceiver unit 220 may receive a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 210 may determine, based on the configuration, a plurality of frequency resources having a wider spacing than a plurality of specific frequency resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control reception of the DMRS using the plurality of frequency resources.

[0437] The frequency resource densities corresponding to the respective code division multiplexing (CDM) groups may be equal.

[0438] The frequency resource densities corresponding to the respective code division multiplexing (CDM) groups may be different.

[0439] The configuration may indicate a subset of the plurality of frequency resources.

[0440] The transceiver unit 220 may receive a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 210 may determine, based on the configuration, one or more time resources among a plurality of specific time resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0441] The setting may include a bitmap representing the portion.

[0442] The one or more time resources may be a plurality of time resources, and a plurality of frequency resources respectively corresponding to the plurality of time resources may be different.

[0443] The multiple resources of the DMRS corresponding to the multiple slots may be different.

[0444] The transceiver 220 may receive a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 210 may determine, based on the configuration, one or more time resources among a plurality of specific time resources for a specific DMRS based on the specific configuration, and control reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0445] The setting may include a bitmap representing the portion.

[0446] The one or more time resources may be a plurality of time resources, and a plurality of frequency resources respectively corresponding to the plurality of time resources may be different.

[0447] The multiple resources of the DMRS corresponding to the multiple slots may be different.

[0448] The transceiver 220 may receive a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel. The controller 210 may determine a plurality of resources, including a portion of a plurality of specific resources, of an orthogonal cover code based on the configuration, and may control transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0449] The setting may include a bitmap representing the portion.

[0450] Power boosting may be applied to the plurality of resources.

[0451] The control unit 210 may report capabilities regarding the DMRS.

[0452] The transceiver 220 may receive a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical downlink shared channel. The controller 210 may determine a plurality of resources, including a portion of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code, based on the configuration, and may control reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

[0453] The setting may include a bitmap representing the portion.

[0454] Power boosting may be applied to the plurality of resources.

[0455] Additional processing time may be applied to the physical downlink shared channel.

[0456] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0457] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0458] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 114 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0459] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0460] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0461] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0462] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0463] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0464] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0465] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0466] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0467] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0468] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0469] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0470] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0471] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0472] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0473] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0474] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0475] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0476] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0477] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0478] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0479] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0480] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0481] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0482] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0483] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0484] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0485] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0486] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0487] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0488] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0489] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0490] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0491] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0492] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0493] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0494] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0495] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0496] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0497] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0498] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0499] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0500] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0501] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0502] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0503] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0504] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0505] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0506] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0507] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0508] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0509] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0510] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0511] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0512] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0513] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0514] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0515] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0516] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0517] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0518] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0519] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0520] 115 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0521] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0522] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0523] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0524] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0525] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0526] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0527] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0528] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0529] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0530] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0531] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0532] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0533] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0534] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0535] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0536] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0537] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0538] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0539] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0540] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0541] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0542] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0543] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0544] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0545] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0546] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0547] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0548] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0549] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0550] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0551] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0552] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0553] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0554] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives a setting of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel; and a control unit that determines a plurality of resources of a part of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code based on the setting and controls transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the setting includes a bitmap indicating the part.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein power boosting is applied to the plurality of resources.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit reports an ability regarding the DMRS.

5. A wireless communication method of a terminal, comprising: receiving a setting of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel; and determining a plurality of resources of a part of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code based on the setting and controlling transmission of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a setting of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel; and a control unit that determines a plurality of resources of a part of a plurality of specific resources of an orthogonal cover code based on the setting and controls reception of the DMRS using the one or more time resources.

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