Luminous fabric and method to make
The luminous fabric design with nylon monofilament warp and interlaced fabric and optical fiber weft yarns addresses the discomfort issue, providing a soft texture suitable for direct skin contact without a lining.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/072936
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing luminous fabrics are too rough for direct skin contact, requiring a lining layer to mitigate discomfort, making them unsuitable for clothing applications.
A luminous fabric design featuring a warp yarn of nylon monofilament and weft yarns comprising fabric yarns and optical fiber yarns, with the optical fiber yarns extending beyond the fabric boundaries, and a weaving process that includes warp and weft yarn interlacing to achieve a soft texture.
The fabric achieves a softness comparable to regular clothing, allowing direct skin contact without a lining, enhancing comfort for wearers.
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Figure CN2024072936_24072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LUMINOUS FABRIC AND METHOD TO MAKEBACKGROUND
[0001] Optical fibers are thin strands of material, typically made of silica or plastic that transmit light. Optical fibers may light up at one end (end emitting fiber) , or along the enter strand (side emitting fiber) . End emitting fibers are useful for creating an effect of small, bright points of light. Side emitting fibers create a constituent string of light and can be grouped into multiple strands to create an overall glow.
[0002] With many different uses, optical fibers have found a way into wearables, more specifically, clothing and other accessories. Fiber optic fabric is fabric embedded with optical fiber and is capable of emitting light. Fiber optic fabric’s applications are not limited to wearables. Lighted fabric is also used as curtains, furniture coverings, ceiling decoration, wall coverings, bedding, and other various applications where fabric may be used.
[0003] For different applications, requirements for fiber optic fabric can vary. Non-human contact applications, such as curtains or ceiling decorations, do not need soft fiber optic fabric. Furniture coverings require reasonable soft fiber optic fabric such that human skin is comfortable when in touch with such fiber optic fabric.
[0004] When optical fiber strands are integrated into fabric, the fabric piece as a whole can be fabricated into clothing. The fabric’s texture and softness are determinative factors for its usefulness in clothing applications. Typical luminous fabrics are rougher than typical clothing fabric and require a lining layer to be isolated from a wearer’s skin. This creates discomfort and, in many cases, makes luminous fabrics unsuitable for light clothing.
[0005] There exists a demand for soft luminous fabric that can be worn and rub directly on a wearer’s skin without discomfort. The present invention addresses this and other related needs in the art.SUMMARY
[0006] According to frequently included embodiment, a luminous fabric is provided, the luminous fabric comprises:
[0007] at least one nylon monofilament fabric yarn as warp yarn; and
[0008] at least two weft yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn, the at least one fabric yarn is located next to the optical fiber yarn,
[0009] wherein the luminous fabric has a warp density of 50 to 80 per centimeter, and
[0010] wherein the at least two weft yarns are woven to interlace the at least one warp yarn to form the luminous fabric with boundaries,
[0011] wherein end portions of optical fiber yarn extend beyond the boundaries of the luminous fabric .
[0012] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the warp yarn is 20D to 30D / 1F nylon monofilament.
[0013] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the fabric yarn is PET multifilament.
[0014] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the PET multifilament yarn is 75D to 150 D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0015] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the fabric yarn is 56’S to 130’S combed cotton.
[0016] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the fabric yarn is silk.
[0017] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the silk fabric yarn is 30 nm / 2 to 210 nm / 2 silk yarn.
[0018] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn.
[0019] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn has a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0020] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0021] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0022] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0023] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0024] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided, the luminous fabric comprises:
[0025] at least one PET monofilament fabric yarn as warp yarn; and
[0026] at least two weft yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn, the at least one fabric yarn is located next to the optical fiber yarn,
[0027] wherein the luminous fabric has a warp density of 35 to 50 per centimeter,
[0028] wherein the at least two weft yarns are woven to interlace the at least one warp yarn to form the luminous fabric with boundaries, and
[0029] wherein end portions of optical fiber yarn extend beyond the boundaries of the luminous fabric.
[0030] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the warp yarn is 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament.
[0031] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn comprises 150D to 300D / 72F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0032] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber having a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0033] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0034] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0035] In often included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0036] In frequently included embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0037] In often included embodiments, there is provided a clothing piece made at least partly from the fabric as above.
[0038] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, the method comprises:
[0039] placing warp beams according to a process sheet, the warp beam setting warp yarns in tension at a warp density,
[0040] weaving at least two weft yarns through the warp yarns to interlace the at least two weft yarns between the warp yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise an optical fiber yarn and at least one fabric yarn,
[0041] upon formation of the luminous fabric, trimming the weft yarns such that end portions of the optical fiber yarn extend beyond boundaries of the luminous fabric.
[0042] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the warp density is 50 to 80 yarns per centimeter.
[0043] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the warp yarns are 20D to 30D / 1F nylon monofilament.
[0044] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is 75D to 150 D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0045] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is 56’S to 130’S combed cotton.
[0046] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is silk.
[0047] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is 30 nm / sto 210 nm / 2 silk yarn.
[0048] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn.
[0049] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn has a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0050] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0051] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0052] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0053] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0054] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least two weft yarns comprise three weft yarns, the three weft yarns comprise two fabric yarns of different kinds and a plastic optical fiber yarn in alternating pattern, wherein the two fabric yarns are chosen from the group consisting of a PET multifilament yarn, a combed cotton yarn, and a silk yarn.
[0055] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the warp density is 35 to 50 yarns per centimeter.
[0056] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the warp yarns are 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament.
[0057] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn comprises 150D to 300D / 72F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0058] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the optical fiber yarn comprises PMMA plastic optical fiber.
[0059] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the PMMA plastic optical fiber has a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0060] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0061] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0062] In frequently included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0063] In often included embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0064] These and other embodiments, features, and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art when taken with reference to the following more detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0065] ABBREVIATIONS
[0066] PET: polyethylene terephthalate
[0067] PMMA: polymethyl methacrylate
[0068] PTU: polytrimethylene terephthalateBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0069] The skilled person in the art will understand that the drawings, described below, are for illustration purposes only.
[0070] FIG. 1 depicts a schematic arrangement of warp and weft yarns in a fabric according to embodiments herein.
[0071] FIG. 2 depicts a fabric woven according to embodiments with two fabric weft yarn and one optical fiber yarn.
[0072] FIG. 3 depicts a fabric woven according to embodiments with one fabric weft yarn and one optical fiber yarn.
[0073] FIG. 4 shows a survey form to grade softness of luminous fabric samples used in an experiment conducted and described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0074] For clarity of disclosure, and not by way of limitation, the detailed description of the invention is divided into the subsections that follow.
[0075] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All patents, applications, published applications and other publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. If a definition set forth in this section is contrary to or otherwise inconsistent with a definition set forth in the patents, applications, published applications and other publications that are herein incorporated by reference, the definition set forth in this section prevails over the definition that is incorporated herein by reference.
[0076] As used herein, “a” or “an” means “at least one” or “one or more. ”
[0077] As used herein, the term “and / or” may mean “and, ” it may mean “or, ” it may mean “exclusive-or, ” it may mean “one, ” it may mean “some, but not all, ” it may mean “neither, ” and / or it may mean “both. ”
[0078] As used herein, “luminous fabric” refers to textile or fabric embedded with optical fiber strands and is capable of lighting up when connected to a light source.
[0079] As used herein “optical fiber yarn” refers to optical fiber used for weaving into fabric, in the same manner as other yarns commonly used for weaving into fabric.
[0080] As used herein, “fabric yarn” refers to common yarns used in weaving into fabric, including, but not limited to, PET, nylon, silk, cotton, combed cotton, wool, polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTU) composite yarn, etc.
[0081] As used herein, “soft” or “softness” refers to pliability of physical objects, which can be assessed by touch modality responses when human body parts come into contact with a physical object.
[0082] In frequent embodiments, the present disclosure provides a luminous fabric of soft texture similar to texture of fabric used in clothing worn next to the skin. Luminous fabric according to certain embodiments herein are suitable for children’s clothing. The luminous fabric comprises fabric yarns as warp yarns. The fabric yarns in the warp direction are monofilament, in particular nylon monofilament. In the weft direction, at least two types of weft yarn are present, one of them being an optical fiber yarn while the other being a fabric yarn. The fabric yarn in the weft direction may be PET multifilament, silk, combed cotton, or other suitable fabric yarns. Stiff
[0083] Optical fiber yarn used in textile applications are mostly available at or about 0.25mm or at or about 0.50mm in diameter, or between at or about 0.25mm to at or about 0.50mm in diameter. Due to its nature of being glass or plastic, integration of optical fiber into fabric often results in fabric of a certain hardness, making it difficult for fabrication into clothing. Glass optical fiber optics often break and are not suitable for weaving. Moreover, optical fiber, being plastic, gives a “cold” feeling when rubbed directly onto the skin. While the surface of optical fiber is smooth and its contact with the skin does not necessarily cause the feeling of “roughness” , it must be blended with other yarns to form a fabric. The other yarns must be of sufficient softness for skin contact while at the same time does not block light emitting from optical fibers. Exemplary embodiments herein solve these problems.
[0084] In exemplary embodiments, a luminous fabric comprising optical fiber is provided. The luminous fabric is woven from optical fibers and other fabric fibers using warp yarns and weft yarns. The lengthwise or longitudinal warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a frame or loom while the transverse weft yarn is drawn through and inserted over and under the warp. FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic arrangement of yarns according to an embodiment of this luminous fabric 100. Warp yarns 101 are held stationary while weft yarns 102, 103 are drawn through and inserted over and under the warp yarns. In this embodiment, one optical fiber yarn 102 and two fabric fiber yarns 103 are used as weft yarns.
[0085] In this luminous fabric, in the warp direction, warp yarns are provided at a warp density of 50 to 80 per centimeter, meaning that in each centimeter of the fabric, there are 50 to 80 warp yarns present. Warp yarns are monofilaments, in particular nylon monofilaments of dimensions of 20D to 30D / 1F, or 20 deniers to 30 deniers per 1 filament. Fine monofilament at a high warp density provides a frame for optical fibers in weft direction.
[0086] In exemplary embodiments, in the weft direction, at least two types of weft yarn are present. One weft yarn is an optical fiber, in particular PMMA plastic optical fiber. The optical fiber yarns have a diameter of 0.25mm to 0.50 mm. In certain embodiments, optical fiber yarns of a diameter of 0.25mm are used as weft yarns.
[0087] In exemplary embodiments, there is at least one other weft yarn, and the other weft yarn is a fabric yarn. Optical fiber has a smoothness to its touch and optical fiber rubbing on skin is not necessarily rough, but it gives a plastic feel to the touch, which is smooth but cold. Fabric weft yarn thus is responsible for the feeling of “roughness” on the skin when the luminous fabric is worn. Fabric yarns in the weft direction can keep the optical fiber yarn from rubbing against a wearer’s skin. This is accomplished by choosing fabric yarns of a thickness such that the fabric yarn surface extends beyond the optical fiber surface, thereby preventing optical fiber yarns from touching the skin of a wearer. Also, when present with optical fiber yarn in the weft direction, fabric yarn must not block light emitted from the optical fiber yarn. Monofilaments that are not “furry” thus are more suitable for weaving to form this luminous fabric. Exemplary embodiments below discuss various suitable fabric yarns to accomplish these objectives.
[0088] In exemplary embodiments, PET multifilament yarn is suitable for weaving with optical fiber yarn and can be used as weft yarn to satisfy both of these requirements, i.e., to not block the light while at the same time also gives a “soft” feeling to a wearer of clothing made from the luminous fabric according to embodiments herein.
[0089] In exemplary embodiments, one fabric yarn can be used together with an optical fiber as yarns in the weft direction. Thus, in an example, a luminous fabric according to presently described embodiments may have one PET multifilament yarn and one optical fiber yarn in the weft direction, the fabric yarn and the optical fiber yarn alternating with each other. The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction is thus 1: 1.
[0090] In exemplary embodiments, two weft yarns of the same type are used together with an optical fiber as yarns in the weft direction. Thus, in an example, a fabric according to embodiments herein has two PET multifilament yarns and one optical fiber yarn in the weft direction, with the two PET multifilament yarns adjacent to each other, then an optical fiber yarn next to the two PET multifilament yarns. The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction is thus 2: 1.
[0091] In exemplary embodiments, three weft yarns of the same type are used together with an optical fiber as yarns in the weft direction. Thus, in an example, a fabric according to embodiments herein has three PET multifilament yarns and one optical fiber yarn in the weft direction, with the three PET multifilament yarns adjacent to each other, then an optical fiber yarn next to the three PET multifilament yarns. The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction is thus 3: 1.
[0092] In exemplary embodiments, four weft yarns of the same type are used together with an optical fiber as yarns in the weft direction. Thus, in an example, a fabric according to embodiments herein has three PET multifilament yarns and one optical fiber yarn in the weft direction, with the three PET multifilament yarns adjacent to each other, then an optical fiber yarn next to the three PET multifilament yarns. The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction is thus 4: 1
[0093] The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction thus is, for example, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1 or 4: 1, representing one (1) , two (2) , three (3) or four (4) fabric yarns alternating with one optical fiber yarn. These ratios vary according to need, in particular light emitting need and pattern of light emission.
[0094] In other embodiments, the luminous fabric comprises 75D to 150D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament yarns and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction. The PET multifilament yarns weigh 75 deniers to 150 deniers per 144 filaments. Each yarn comprises two filaments and are lightly twisted. Lightly twisted multifilament yarns reduce fabric roughness significantly.
[0095] Other fabric yarns suitable for weft yarn to alternate with optical fiber include silk and combed cotton. In particular, fabric yarns in the weft direction can be 56’S to 130’S combed cotton or 30nm / 2 to 210 nm / 2 silk. For combed cotton, the larger the unit number ( ‘S) , the smaller the yarn diameter is.
[0096] In certain embodiments, the luminous fabric has three (3) weft yarns, the three weft yarns comprise two (2) fabric yarns and one (1) optical fiber yarn. The two fabric yarns are made of different materials and are chosen from PET multifilament yarn, a combed cotton yarn, and a silk yarn. PET multifilament yarn can be 75D to 150D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted yarn, combed cotton yarn can be 56’S to 130’S combed cotton yarn, and silk yarn can be 30 nm / 2 to 210 nm / 2 silk.
[0097] FIG. 2 illustrates a luminous fabric produced according to embodiments herein after weaving. The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction is 2: 1. In the weft direction, one optical fiber yarn 102 alternates with two fabric yarns 103, such that there is one optical fiber yarn next to two fabric yarn, then there is another optical fiber yarn next to the two fabric yarn, and the pattern repeats. The surfaces of fabric yarn 103 are higher than the surface of optical fiber yarn 102, thereby shielding the surface of optical fiber yarn 102 from rubbing against a wearer’s skin and reduces the feeling by the wearer of being rubbed against plastic.
[0098] FIG. 3 illustrates another luminous fabric according to embodiments herein. The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction is 1: 1. Each optical fiber yarn in the weft direction is next to a fabric yarn, and this pattern continues through the luminous fabric. Fabric yarn in the weft direction has a higher surface than optical fiber yarn, thereby shielding the optical fiber yarn from contacting with the wearer’s skin and reduces “plastic” feel when the luminous fabric touches the wearer’s skin.
[0099] Luminous fabrics produced with the specifications above have softness and texture similar to ordinary clothing and can be fabricated into clothing for direct contact with a wearer’s skin without need for a lining layer. This in particular increases comfort for wearers, especially in hot weather or when the wearer engages in physical activities while wearing clothing fabricated from luminous fabric according to embodiments herein.
[0100] In other embodiments, the luminous fabric comprises warp yarns at a warp density of 35 to 50 yarn per centimeter, meaning that in each centimeter of fabric in the weft direction, there are 35 to 50 warp yarns. The warp yarn is a monofilament, in particular a PET monofilament, more in particular 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament. Such PET monofilament weighs 20 deniers to 30 deniers per one filament.
[0101] In the weft direction, at least two weft yarns are present. Optical fiber alternating with fabric fiber are weft yarns. In particular, optical fiber yarns in the weft direction are PMMA optical fibers with a diameter of 0.25mm to 0.50mm. Optical fiber yarn in the weft direction can be PMMA optical fiber with a diameter of 0.25 mm. The smaller the diameter of optical fibers, the more flexible and softer the luminous fabric. Optical fibers with a diameter of 0.25mm are therefore used to maximize softness of the luminous fabric.
[0102] The fabric fiber yarn in the weft direction is PET multifilament yarn, in particular 150D to 300D 72F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament yarn. Such PET yarns weigh 150 deniers to 300 deniers per 72 filaments, and the multifilament yarn comprises two (2) filaments woven together. The ratio of fabric yarn to optical fiber yarn in the weft direction can be 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1 or 4: 1, depending on light emitting need and desired light pattern. For ratio 1: 1, in the weft direction, there is one (1) fabric yarn alternating with one optical fiber yarn. For ratio 2: 1 in the weft direction, there are two (2) fabric yarns alternating with one optical fiber yarn. For ratio 3: 1 in the weft direction, there are three (3) fabric yarns alternating with one optical fiber yarn. For ratio 4: 1 in the weft direction, there are four (4) fabric yarns alternating with one optical fiber yarn. Other ratios of fabric yarn to optical fiber in the weft direction may be used, depending on needs, such as need for light pattern in the luminous fabric. Luminous fabric according to these embodiments is suitable for fabrication into children’s clothing.
[0103] While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, finer PET monofilament warp yarn and finer lightly twisted PET multifilament weft yarn are softer than yarns used in existing technology. Lightly twisted yarns are also more suitable to alternate with optical fiber yarn in the weft direction, since lightly twisted yarns are softer to the touch. After weaving into fabric with optical fiber, the resulting fabric is softer than typical luminous fabric and is suitable for fabrication into children’s clothing.
[0104] Weaving process
[0105] Luminous fabric according to embodiments herein is produced by weaving methods interlacing warp yarns and weft yarns. After a process sheet with specifications and settings are prepared, warp beams are placed according to the process sheet, setting warp yarns in tension at a warp density, the warp density is set according to embodiments herein, in particular 50 to 80 yarns per centimeter for nylon monofilament, and 35 to 50 yarns per centimeter for PET monofilament. The next step is to weave the at least two weft yarns through the warp yarns, the warp yarns and weft yarns chosen according to embodiments herein. End portions of optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are left to extend beyond the surface of the luminous fabric produced according to embodiments herein.
[0106] Weaving of the warp and weft yarns to form luminous fabric according to embodiments can be accomplished with typical weaving process and machinery available in the industry. With 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament, a protective house or box surrounding the weaving machine is recommended to prevent flying flocculation and dirt from affecting the warp break and ensure the fabric’s cleanliness.
[0107] To prevent breakage, in particular to optical fiber yarn, the weaving machine must be adjusted according to the actual situation to the most suitable force for multiple wefts at the same time. Different tissue materials of the weft can affect the force of the traction needle on the machine and breakage can occur. With different types of yarns being used for weft yarns, adjusting force is of importance to prevent breakage.
[0108] Fabric yarns used in luminous fabric according to embodiments may be dyed or not dyed. Dyed fabric yarn can be used and should be dyed before weaving, since dyeing after weaving will affect light conducting properties of optical fiber fabric.
[0109] Optical fiber must be connected to a light source during use to provide a light signal. Therefore, optical fiber yarns used in weaving must have end portions that remain unwoven and extend beyond the fabric piece. These end portions are adapted to be connected to one or more light sources and embedded into clothing articles.
[0110] Clothing fabrication process
[0111] Clothing made with luminous fabric may comprise of entirely luminous fabric or may comprise partly of luminous fabric, with the rest being ordinary, non-luminous fabric. Luminous fabric according to embodiments herein is used to fabricate part of or all parts of a clothing piece and sewn together. End portions of optical fiber extending from the luminous fabric are gathered and connected to a light source, which is embedded into the clothing. No lining is necessary for clothing parts made from luminous fabric according to embodiments herein, even though such lining is optional.
[0112] Softness test of luminous fabric
[0113] There is no normative method for measuring the softness of a fabric. To measure softness of carboards, a methodology has been used. This involves measuring the force (in newtons) needed to bend the sample (3.5×5.0 cm) by an angle of 30°. On touch modality, this equates to how much force is needed to push a cardboard over to a certain angle. The less force is needed, the softer the cardboard. The same touch modality test can be conducted to assess softness of fabric.
[0114] To verify the advantage of this inventive luminous fabric, a touch test was performed to assess human touch modality feedback of this inventive luminous fabric in comparison with other luminous fabrics available on the market.
[0115] Experiment set up: a group of six volunteers, all of whom were 18 years of age or older, with normal touch modality, participated in this experiment. Four samples being four pieces of luminous fabric, one of them being luminous fabric produced according to embodiments herein, were placed on a table. They are labeled A, B, C, D. Luminous fabric labeled “B” was produced according to embodiments herein. Luminous fabric B has the following properties: the warp yarn is 20 D nylon, warp density is 66 yarns per centimeter; weft yarns are 300 D PET and 0.25mm PMMA optical fabric at a ratio of PET : PMMA plastic optical fabric of 2: 1. A person tasked with conducting this experiment is responsible for labeling the samples and six participants are blind to the labels, i.e., they do not know which label refers to which luminous fabric.
[0116] Each participant in this experiment walked to the table with the four samples of luminous fabric and touched each of the samples using their fingers. After touching the samples, the participants filled out a form, which is shown in FIG. 4, to grade softness of the luminous fabric samples. The participants were instructed to grade the softest sample as “1” , second softest as “2” , third softest as “3” , and fourth softest as “4” .
[0117] Results: All six participants graded sample B as “1” , corresponding to the softest sample. Five participants graded sample A as “4” while one participant graded sample A as “2” . Three participants graded sample C as “3” while three participants graded sample C as “2” . Three participants graded sample D as “3” , two participants graded sample D as “2” and one participant graded sample D as “4” .
[0118] Analysis: Sample B is consistently graded “1” by all 6 participants, demonstrating softness of the luminous fabric according to embodiments herein as compared to other luminous available on the market included in this test. Sample A is graded “4” by 5 out of 6 participants. Samples C and D both receive three “3” . Sample C receives three “2” while sample D receives two “2” . These results demonstrate consistent feelings from touch modality among the participants, where sample B is uniformly first, sample A is near uniformly fourth, and sample C and D are approximately equal in being second and third. This touch test is therefore of reliability and demonstrates superior softness of the luminous fabric according to embodiments herein by touch modality as compared to other luminous fabrics available on the market and included in this experiment.
[0119] In a first embodiment, a luminous fabric is provided, the luminous fabric comprises:
[0120] at least one nylon monofilament fabric yarn as warp yarn; and
[0121] at least two weft yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn, the at least one fabric yarn is located next to the optical fiber yarn,
[0122] wherein the luminous fabric has a warp density of 50 to 80 per centimeter, and
[0123] wherein the at least two weft yarns are woven to interlace the at least one warp yarn to form the luminous fabric with boundaries,
[0124] wherein end portions of optical fiber yarn extend beyond the boundaries of the luminous fabric .
[0125] In a second embodiment, the first embodiment includes the warp yarn is 20D to 30D / 1F nylon monofilament.
[0126] In a third embodiment, each of the first and second embodiments include the fabric yarn is PET multifilament.
[0127] In a fourth embodiment, the third embodiment includes the PET multifilament yarn is 75D to 150 D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0128] In a fifth embodiment, each of the first and second embodiments include the fabric yarn is 56’S to 130’S combed cotton.
[0129] In a sixth embodiment, each of the first and second embodiments include the fabric yarn is silk.
[0130] In a seventh embodiment, the sixth embodiment includes the silk fabric yarn is 30 nm / 2 to 210 nm / 2 silk yarn.
[0131] In an eighth embodiment, each of the first, second, fourth and seventh embodiment includes the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn.
[0132] In a ninth embodiment, the eighth embodiment includes the PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn has a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0133] In a tenth embodiment, each of the first, second, fourth, seventh and ninth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0134] In an eleventh embodiment, each of the first, second, fourth, seventh and ninth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0135] In a twelfth embodiment, each of the first, second, fourth, seventh and ninth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0136] In a thirteenth embodiment, each of the first, second, fourth, seventh and ninth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0137] In a fourteenth embodiments, a luminous fabric is provided, the luminous fabric comprises:
[0138] at least one PET monofilament fabric yarn as warp yarn; and
[0139] at least two weft yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn, the at least one fabric yarn is located next to the optical fiber yarn,
[0140] wherein the luminous fabric has a warp density of 35 to 50 per centimeter,
[0141] wherein the at least two weft yarns are woven to interlace the at least one warp yarn to form the luminous fabric with boundaries, and
[0142] wherein end portions of optical fiber yarn extend beyond the boundaries of the luminous fabric.
[0143] In a fifteenth embodiment, the fourteenth embodiment includes the warp yarn is 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament.
[0144] In a sixteenth embodiment, the fifteenth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn comprises 150D to 300D / 72F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0145] In a seventeenth embodiments, the sixteenth embodiment includes the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber having a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0146] In an eighteenth embodiment, each of the fourteenth to seventeenth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0147] In a nineteenth embodiments, each of the fourteenth to seventeenth embodiments includes the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0148] In a twentieth embodiment, each of the fourteenth to seventeenth embodiments includes the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0149] In a twenty first embodiment, each of the fourteenth to seventeenth embodiments includes the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0150] In a twenty second embodiment, there is provided a clothing piece made at least partly from the fabric of any of the first to twenty first embodiment.
[0151] In a twenty third embodiments, a method to produce luminous fabric is provided as above, the method comprises:
[0152] placing warp beams according to a process sheet, the warp beam setting warp yarns in tension at a warp density,
[0153] weaving at least two weft yarns through the warp yarns to interlace the at least two weft yarns between the warp yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise an optical fiber yarn and at least one fabric yarn,
[0154] upon formation of the luminous fabric, trimming the weft yarns such that end portions of the optical fiber yarn extend beyond boundaries of the luminous fabric.
[0155] In a twenty fourth embodiment, the twenty third embodiment includes the warp density is 50 to 80 yarns per centimeter.
[0156] In a twenty fifth embodiment, the twenty fourth embodiment includes the warp yarns are 20D to 30D / 1F nylon monofilament.
[0157] In a twenty sixth embodiment, the twenty fifth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn is 75D to 150 D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0158] In a twenty seventh embodiment, each of the twenty third, twenty fourth, and twenty fifth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn is 56’S to 130’S combed cotton.
[0159] In a twenty eighth embodiment, each of the twenty third, twenty fourth, and twenty fifth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn is silk.
[0160] In a twenty ninth embodiment, the twenty eighth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn is 30 nm / sto 210 nm / 2 silk yarn.
[0161] In a thirtieth embodiment, each of the twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, and twenty ninth embodiment includes the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn.
[0162] In a thirty first embodiment, the thirtieth embodiment includes the PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn has a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0163] In a thirty second embodiment, each of the twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, twenty ninth, and thirty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0164] In a thirty third embodiment, each of the twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, twenty ninth, and thirty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0165] In a thirty fourth embodiment, each of the twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, twenty ninth, and thirty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0166] In a thirty fifth embodiment, each of the twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, twenty ninth, and thirty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0167] In a thirty sixth embodiment, the twenty third embodiment includes the at least two weft yarns comprise three weft yarns, the three weft yarns comprise two fabric yarns of different kinds and a plastic optical fiber yarn in alternating pattern, wherein the two fabric yarns are chosen from the group consisting of a PET multifilament yarn, a combed cotton yarn, and a silk yarn.
[0168] In a thirty seventh embodiment, the twenty third embodiment includes the warp density is 35 to 50 yarns per centimeter.
[0169] In a thirty eighth embodiment, the twenty third embodiment includes the warp yarns are 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament.
[0170] In a thirty ninth embodiment, the thirty eighth embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn comprises 150D to 300D / 72F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.
[0171] In a fortieth embodiment, each of the thirty sixth, thirty seventh, thirty eighth, and thirty ninth embodiment includes the optical fiber yarn comprises PMMA plastic optical fiber.
[0172] In a forty first embodiment, the fortieth embodiment includes the PMMA plastic optical fiber has a diameter of 0.25mm.
[0173] In a forty second embodiment, each of the thirty sixth, thirty seventh, thirty eighth, thirty ninth, and forty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.
[0174] In a forty third embodiment, each of the thirty sixth, thirty seventh, thirty eighth, thirty ninth, and forty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.
[0175] In a forty fourth embodiment, each of the thirty sixth, thirty seventh, thirty eighth, thirty ninth, and forty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.
[0176] In a forty fifth embodiment, each of the thirty sixth, thirty seventh, thirty eighth, thirty ninth, and forty first embodiment includes the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
[0177] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, and from the claims.
[0178] The above examples are included for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Many variations to those described above are possible. Since modifications and variations to the examples described above will be apparent to those of skill in this art, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A luminous fabric, comprising:at least one nylon monofilament fabric yarn as warp yarn; andat least two weft yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn, the at least one fabric yarn is located next to the optical fiber yarn,wherein the luminous fabric has a warp density of 50 to 80 per centimeter, andwherein the at least two weft yarns are woven to interlace the at least one warp yarn to form the luminous fabric with boundaries,wherein end portions of optical fiber yarn extend beyond the boundaries of the luminous fabric.2.The luminous fabric of claim 1, wherein the warp yarn is 20D to 30D / 1F nylon monofilament.3.The luminous fabric of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fabric yarn is PET multifilament.4.The luminous fabric of claim 3, wherein the PET multifilament yarn is 75D to 150 D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.5.The luminous fabric of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fabric yarn is 56’S to 130’S combed cotton.6.The luminous fabric of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fabric yarn is silk.7.The luminous fabric yarn of claim 6, wherein the silk fabric yarn is 30 nm / 2 to 210 nm / 2 silk yarn.8.The luminous fabric of claim 1, 2, 4, or 7, wherein the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn.9.The luminous fabric of claim 8, wherein the PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn has a diameter of 0.25mm.10.The luminous fabric of claim 1, 2, 4, 7, or 9, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.11.The luminous fabric of claim 1, 2, 4, 7, or 9, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.12.The luminous fabric of claim 1, 2, 4, 7, or 9, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.13.The luminous fabric of claim 1, 2, 4, 7, or 9, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.14.A luminous fabric, comprising:at least one PET monofilament fabric yarn as warp yarn; andat least two weft yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn, the at least one fabric yarn is located next to the optical fiber yarn,wherein the luminous fabric has a warp density of 35 to 50 per centimeter,wherein the at least two weft yarns are woven to interlace the at least one warp yarn to form the luminous fabric with boundaries, andwherein end portions of optical fiber yarn extend beyond the boundaries of the luminous fabric.15.The luminous fabric of claim 14, wherein the warp yarn is 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament.16.The luminous fabric of claim 15, wherein the at least one fabric yarn comprises 150D to 300D / 72F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.17.The luminous fabric of claim 16, wherein the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber having a diameter of 0.25mm.18.The luminous fabric of any of claims 14 to 17, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.19.The luminous fabric of claims 14 to 17, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.20.The luminous fabric of claims 14 to 17, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.21.The luminous fabric of claims 14 to 17, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and an optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.22.A clothing piece made at least partly from the fabric of any of claims 1 to 21.23.A method to produce a luminous fabric, the method comprises:placing warp beams according to a process sheet, the warp beam setting warp yarns in tension at a warp density,weaving at least two weft yarns through the warp yarns to interlace the at least two weft yarns between the warp yarns, the at least two weft yarns comprise an optical fiber yarn and at least one fabric yarn,upon formation of the luminous fabric, trimming the weft yarns such that end portions of the optical fiber yarn extend beyond boundaries of the luminous fabric.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the warp density is 50 to 80 yarns per centimeter.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the warp yarns are 20D to 30D / 1F nylon monofilament.26.The method of claim 25, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is 75D to 150 D / 144F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.27.The method of claim 23, 24, or 25, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is 56’S to 130’S combed cotton.28.The method of claim 23, 24, or 25, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is silk.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one fabric yarn is 30 nm / s to 210 nm / 2 silk yarn.30.The method of claim 23, 24, 25, 26, or 29, wherein the optical fiber yarn is PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the PMMA plastic optical fiber yarn has a diameter of 0.25mm.32.The method of claim 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, or 31, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.33.The method of claim 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, or 31, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.34.The method of claim 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, or 31, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.35.The method of claim 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, or 31, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.36.The method of claim 23, wherein the at least two weft yarns comprise three weft yarns, the three weft yarns comprise two fabric yarns of different kinds and a plastic optical fiber yarn in alternating pattern, wherein the two fabric yarns are chosen from the group consisting of a PET multifilament yarn, a combed cotton yarn, and a silk yarn.37.The method of claim 23, wherein the warp density is 35 to 50 yarns per centimeter.38.The method of claim 23, wherein the warp yarns are 20D to 30D / 1F PET monofilament.39.The method of claim 38, wherein the at least one fabric yarn comprises 150D to 300D / 72F x 2 lightly twisted PET multifilament.40.The method of claim 36, 37, 38, or 39, wherein the optical fiber yarn comprises PMMA plastic optical fiber.41.The method of claim 40, wherein the PMMA plastic optical fiber has a diameter of 0.25mm.42.The method of claim 36, 37, 38, 39, or 41, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 1: 1.43.The method of claim 36, 37, 38, 39, or 41, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 2: 1.44.The method of claim 36, 37, 38, 39, or 41, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 3: 1.45.The method of claim 36, 37, 38, 39, or 41, wherein the at least one fabric yarn and optical fiber yarn in the weft direction are present at a ratio of 4: 1.
Citation Information
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