Method for rapidly characterizing corrosion state of material in lead-based liquid metal environment

Abstract

A method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of a material in a lead-based liquid metal environment, comprising: using an LIBS device to carry out pulsed laser ablation multiple times on a same position of a surface layer of a corrosion material to implement characterization of the corrosion state of the material: by means of measuring LIBS spectrums corresponding to a plurality of different single laser pulses, obtaining characteristic spectral line intensities of an element to be measured; establishing a correspondence between the characteristic spectral line intensities of the element to be measured and corresponding laser pulse numbers; and obtaining distribution characteristics of the content of the element to be measured along an ablation depth in a corrosion layer. In this way, rapid characterization of the corrosion state of the material is implemented.

Description

A method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in lead-based liquid metal environments Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of analysis and detection, and in particular to a method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of a material in a lead-based liquid metal environment. Background Art

[0002] The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) is one of the six main types of fourth-generation reactors. It uses lead-based liquid metal (such as pure lead, lead-bismuth alloy, lead-magnesium alloy, etc.) as a coolant. It has outstanding advantages such as high safety, strong fuel proliferation capacity, and transmutable radioactive nuclides, and has broad application potential in the future. It is worth mentioning that during the operation of the LFR, the lead-based liquid metal is in a high temperature state and is highly corrosive to the component materials in contact with it, which will inevitably affect the service life of the component materials. The corrosion of lead-based liquid metal mainly occurs in the following two processes: 1. When the oxygen content in the lead-based liquid metal is low, dissolution corrosion is the main corrosion process, which is achieved through the mutual diffusion and mass transfer of elements between the liquid metal and the material; 2. When the oxygen content in the lead-based liquid metal is high, in addition to dissolution corrosion caused by the mutual diffusion and mass transfer of elements between the liquid metal and the material, oxidation corrosion also occurs on the material surface, manifesting as the formation of a complex oxide corrosion layer on the raw material surface. In research and application fields involving lead-based liquid metal corrosion, such as laboratory exploration of material corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism and industrial evaluation of the degree of material aging during service, the problem of characterizing the material corrosion state must be solved.

[0003] It is well known that the element composition inside the corrosion layer and the content distribution characteristics of the constituent elements are important data for characterizing the corrosion state of materials in lead-based liquid metals. For example, liquid metal elements (such as Pb) can penetrate into the corrosion layer during the corrosion process, and the content of the penetrating elements usually shows a decreasing distribution characteristic from the solid-liquid interface to the interior of the corrosion layer. Therefore, the penetration degree of the liquid metal elements (such as the penetration amount and penetration depth) can be used as an important indicator to characterize the corrosion state of the material. Elements in the raw materials (such as Cr in structural steel) will diffuse from the inside to the outside along the corrosion channel during the corrosion process. When oxidative corrosion exists and the corrosion state is not severe, the content of the elements that diffuse outward usually shows a decreasing distribution characteristic from the original interface of the material to the solid-liquid interface. Therefore, the degree of diffusion of the raw material elements into the oxidized corrosion layer (such as the diffusion amount and diffusion depth) can also be used as an important indicator to characterize the corrosion state of the material. In addition, when oxidative corrosion exists but the corrosion state is severe, the content of the elements that diffuse outward usually shows enrichment at the solid-liquid interface. Therefore, the enrichment degree of the raw material elements in the surface layer of the oxidized corrosion layer (such as the enrichment amount and the thickness of the enriched layer) can also be used as an important indicator to characterize the corrosion state.

[0004] Currently, there are many methods for analyzing the distribution characteristics of elements within the corrosion layer of materials, but none of them are convenient or fast. For example, methods based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) can analyze the chemical composition of the corrosion layer. However, due to the poor penetration of X-rays (for structural steel, the penetration depth is only a few hundred nanometers), the analysis of elements in conventional corrosion layers (usually micrometer and sub-millimeter thickness) requires cutting the corroded material first and then performing line or surface scanning, which will introduce complex, time-consuming and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Methods based on secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) need to be carried out in a high vacuum environment and also have the disadvantages of being complex, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Methods based on glow discharge optical emission mass spectrometry (GD-OES / MS) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) are usually limited to sample size and also involve complex, time-consuming and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Therefore, developing a new method to conveniently and quickly determine the element distribution characteristics within the material corrosion layer caused by lead-based liquid metal has great application potential in helping laboratories explore the corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of materials and in industrial evaluation of the degree of aging of materials during service.

[0005] Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a cutting-edge technique for material composition analysis. Compared to traditional methods, it offers advantages such as lower elemental detection limits, no sample preparation required, real-time full elemental analysis, a purely optical link, and low dependence on environmental conditions. Its operating principle is to use a focused pulsed laser to ablate the surface of a material to generate a plasma. As the plasma cools, it emits a spectrum of light. By detecting, collecting, and analyzing this emission spectrum, information on the elemental composition and concentration of the material surface can be rapidly obtained (the wavelength of the spectral line provides information on the element type, and the intensity of the corresponding spectral line provides information on the concentration). With conventional LIBS equipment, the depth of a single laser pulse ablation of a solid material depends on the specific material, typically ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers (approximately tens of nanometers for structural steel). In other words, LIBS, when using multiple pulses to ablate the same location on the material surface to measure elemental distribution within the surface layer, exhibits excellent depth resolution (resolution of the longitudinal position perpendicular to the corrosion layer).

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment, which solves the problem that the detection methods in the prior art require sampling and detection and cannot achieve real-time full-element analysis.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is a method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of a material in a lead-based liquid metal environment, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Using a LIBS device to perform multiple laser pulse ablation on the same position on the surface of the corrosion layer, obtaining LIBS spectra corresponding to multiple single laser pulses and ablation depths corresponding to the single laser pulse ablation positions;

[0010] Selecting characteristic spectral lines of the element to be measured from the plurality of LIBS spectra, and extracting the intensity information of the characteristic spectral lines;

[0011] Establishing a corresponding relationship between the intensity of the characteristic spectrum line of the element to be measured and the ablation depth, that is, the distribution characteristics of the content of the element to be measured inside the corrosion layer as the ablation depth increases;

[0012] Realize rapid characterization of material corrosion status.

[0013] Preferably, the method for establishing the corresponding relationship between the intensity of the characteristic spectrum line of the element to be measured and the laser pulse ablation depth is:

[0014] According to the acquired characteristic spectral line intensity information of the element to be measured and the number of laser pulses corresponding to the corresponding LIBS spectrum, a corresponding relationship between the characteristic spectral line intensity of the element to be measured and the number of laser pulses is established;

[0015] Measuring the depth of the ablation pit corresponding to the number of laser pulses to establish a corresponding relationship between the ablation depth and the number of laser pulses;

[0016] The corresponding relationship between the intensity of the characteristic spectral line of the element to be measured and the number of laser pulses and the corresponding relationship between the ablation depth and the number of laser pulses is combined to establish the corresponding relationship between the intensity of the characteristic spectral line of the element to be measured and the ablation depth.

[0017] Optionally, the corrosion layer is a material corrosion layer caused by lead-based liquid metal.

[0018] Optionally, a LIBS device is used to ablate the same position of the corrosion layer with multiple laser pulses. The specific method for obtaining LIBS spectra corresponding to multiple single laser pulses is: focusing the pulsed laser emitted by the LIBS device on a certain micro-area on the surface of the corrosion layer, and performing single-point ablation of the micro-area with N laser pulses.

[0019] Optionally, the element to be detected is one or more elements constituting the liquid metal, or one or more elements constituting the raw material, or a combination of elements constituting the liquid metal and the raw material.

[0020] Optional methods for obtaining ablation depths with different numbers of laser pulses include:

[0021] The depth of the ablation pit produced by different times of laser pulse ablation was measured using a profilometer.

[0022] Optionally, the LIBS device includes a focusing lens, a collection lens and a spectrometer.

[0023] Optionally, the method for acquiring the LIBS spectrum includes the following steps:

[0024] Using pulsed laser as the excitation source, the laser after passing through the focusing lens interacts with the surface of the material corrosion layer to generate plasma;

[0025] The light signal emitted by the plasma enters the collection lens, is introduced into the spectrometer through the optical fiber, and is converted into a digital signal after passing through the spectrometer and collected by the computer to obtain the corresponding LIBS spectrum.

[0026] Preferably, the number of laser pulses used to ablate the same position of the corrosion layer using the LIBS device is greater than or equal to 2.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention uses laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology to perform elemental composition analysis on the surface layer of a material subjected to lead-based liquid metal corrosion (i.e., the corrosion layer), and by establishing a correspondence between the intensity of the characteristic spectral line of the element to be measured and the ablation depth of the corrosion layer corresponding to the corresponding number of laser pulses, the content distribution information of the element to be measured inside the corrosion layer is obtained based on the correspondence between the intensity of the characteristic spectral line of the element to be measured and the ablation depth.

[0028] Specifically, the present invention uses multiple laser pulses to gradually ablate the same location on the material surface, measuring the LIBS spectra corresponding to multiple single laser pulses. Spectral analysis reveals the types and concentrations of elements at different depths within the corrosion layer. The depth distribution of the acquired elemental contents within the corrosion layer ultimately characterizes the material's corrosion state. Compared to traditional corrosion characterization techniques, the LIBS technology employed in this invention offers advantages such as the lack of sample preparation, full elemental analysis, and the use of purely optical components. This allows for convenient and rapid characterization of the corrosion state of materials in lead-based liquid metal environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG1 is a flow chart of a method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of LIBS spectrum data obtained by measuring a SIMP steel corrosion layer subjected to 10,000 hours of continuous corrosion in a static LBE environment under 110 laser pulse ablation conditions in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0031] FIG3 is a color map of FIG2 , in which the red solid squares represent the relationship between the intensity of the Pb I 405.8 nm characteristic spectrum line in the corrosion layer and the ablation depth; the blue solid circles represent the relationship between the intensity of the Cr I 425.4 nm characteristic spectrum line and the ablation depth;

[0032] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limitations on this patent. To better illustrate this embodiment, some components of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced in size and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted from the accompanying drawings. The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. The terms describing positional relationships in the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limitations on this patent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The following is a presentation of several LIBS signal characteristics that can be used to quickly characterize the corrosion state of materials in lead-based liquid metal environments in the form of examples.

[0034] It should be noted that the content distribution information of the element to be measured in the present invention includes the enrichment amount or enrichment thickness of the element to be measured, and the enrichment amount or enrichment thickness of the element to be measured is the main indicator for evaluating the content distribution information of the element to be measured.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the present invention, the LIBS device is used to perform single-point ablation of the corrosion layer in a liquid metal environment with multiple laser pulses to obtain multiple ablation depths and LIBS spectra corresponding to the multiple laser pulses. This should be understood as obtaining all the ablation depth data and corresponding LIBS spectrum data of single-point ablation with multiple laser pulses, or part of the ablation depth data and corresponding LIBS spectrum data.

[0036] In addition, the number of laser pulses described in the present invention should be understood as the number of times the laser pulses ablate.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] This embodiment provides a method for quickly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment. The method comprises the following steps:

[0039] 101. Focus the pulsed laser emitted by the LIBS device on a micro-area on the surface of the material corrosion layer caused by the lead-based liquid metal. Perform single-point ablation on the micro-area with N laser pulses. Record the LIBS spectrum corresponding to each laser pulse and mark them sequentially as S1, S2, S3, S4, ..., SN.

[0040] 102. For any one of the N recorded spectra, select characteristic spectral lines of the element to be measured (e.g., one or more elements constituting liquid metal, or one or more elements constituting raw materials), and extract intensity information of the characteristic spectral lines;

[0041] 103, repeat step 102 for all remaining spectra to establish a corresponding relationship between the intensity of the characteristic spectrum line of the element to be measured and the number of laser pulses;

[0042] 104. Using a profilometer, measure the depth of the ablation crater corresponding to different numbers of laser pulses, and establish a corresponding relationship between the ablation depth and the number of laser pulses;

[0043] 105. Combine the corresponding relationships established in steps 103 and 104 to finally establish a corresponding relationship between the intensity of the characteristic spectrum line of the element to be measured and the ablation depth. This corresponding relationship can provide the content distribution information of the element to be measured in the corrosion layer, and ultimately achieve the characterization of the material corrosion state.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] This embodiment 2 is implemented based on the method provided in embodiment 1.

[0046] In this embodiment 2, the temperature is 450°C, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is about 3.0×10 -4 wt% static lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) environment was used as a demonstration sample for the present method. Dissolution and oxidative corrosion of SIMP steel under these conditions resulted in the formation of a dual-layer oxidative corrosion layer on the surface: an outer layer primarily composed of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) formed by the outward diffusion and oxidation of Fe atoms from the original surface, and an inner layer formed by the reaction of oxygen invading the original surface with Cr and Fe, forming a spinel layer [(Fe,Cr)₃O₄]. This example demonstrates LIBS signal characteristics that can be used to rapidly characterize the corrosion state of materials in lead-based liquid metal environments.

[0047] In this embodiment 2, the steps for obtaining LIBS signal characteristics that can represent the degree of penetration of elements in liquid LBE into the material corrosion layer are as follows:

[0048] 201. Adjust the LIBS equipment. To ensure uniform ablation depth for each laser pulse, expand the emitted laser beam through a beam expander and focus it on the material surface. Perform LIBS measurements on a demonstration sample. Perform 110 laser pulse single-point ablation on the laser focus area on the demonstration sample surface. Measure the LIBS spectrum data corresponding to each laser pulse and record them in order as S1, S2, S3, ... S 110 .

[0049] 202. For any spectral data in step 201, select the characteristic spectrum line of Pb I 405.8 nm as the analysis line, and calculate the integral area of ​​the characteristic spectrum line as the analysis line intensity.

[0050] 203. Repeat step 202 for all remaining spectral data to establish a corresponding relationship between the intensity of the Pb I 405.8 nm analysis line and the number of laser pulses.

[0051] 204. Using a profilometer, measure the ablation depth corresponding to different pulse numbers, and establish a corresponding relationship between the ablation depth and the pulse number.

[0052] 205. Combining the relationship between the analytical line intensity and the number of laser pulses obtained in step 203 and the relationship between the ablation depth and the number of pulses obtained in step 204, the evolution of the intensity of the Pb I 405.8nm analytical line within the corrosion layer (theoretically, it is linearly related to the Pb content) as a function of ablation depth can be obtained, as shown in the red solid square in Figure 3. The results show that the Pb I 405.8nm analytical line intensity extracted from the LIBS spectral data intuitively depicts the penetration behavior of the Pb element in the liquid LBE into the corrosion layer of the demonstration sample, thus providing a LIBS signal characteristic that can represent the degree of Pb penetration into the material corrosion layer. As shown in Figure 3, within the ablation depth range of 0 to approximately 5.18 μm, the intensity of the Pb I 405.8 nm analytical line shows a trend of first increasing from a certain initial value and then decreasing to the background count. This means that the position of the corrosion layer corresponding to the 5.18 μm ablation depth represents the penetration depth of the Pb element to a certain extent; and the intensity integral of the Pb I 405.8 nm analytical line within the ablation depth range of 0 to 5.18 μm represents the penetration amount of the Pb element to a certain extent.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] This embodiment 3 is implemented based on the method provided in embodiment 1.

[0055] In this embodiment 3, the temperature is 450°C, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is about 3.0×10 -4wt% of static liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) was used as a demonstration sample for the construction of this method. After the SIMP steel dissolves and oxidatively corrodes under the above conditions, a double-layered oxidative corrosion layer forms on the surface of the demonstration sample material: the outer corrosion layer is mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) produced by the outward diffusion and oxidation of Fe atoms on the original surface, and the inner corrosion layer is a spinel layer [(Fe,Cr)3O4] formed by the reaction of oxygen invading the original surface with Cr and Fe. This embodiment presents LIBS signal characteristics that can be used to quickly characterize the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment. The steps for obtaining LIBS signal characteristics that can represent the degree of outward diffusion of elements in the raw materials and the degree of enrichment on the surface of the corrosion layer are as follows:

[0056] 301. Adjust the LIBS equipment. To ensure uniform ablation depth for each laser pulse, expand the emitted laser beam through a beam expander and focus it on the material surface. Perform LIBS measurements on a demonstration sample. Perform 110 single-point ablation pulses on the laser focus area on the demonstration sample surface. Measure the LIBS spectrum data corresponding to each laser pulse and record them in order as S1, S2, S3, ... S 110 .

[0057] 302. For any spectral data in step 301, select the characteristic spectrum line of Cr I 425.4 nm as the analysis line, and calculate the integral area of ​​the characteristic spectrum line as the analysis line intensity.

[0058] 303. Repeat step 302 for all remaining spectral data to establish a corresponding relationship between the intensity of the Cr I 425.4 nm analysis line and the number of laser pulses.

[0059] 304 , using a profilometer to measure the ablation depth corresponding to different pulse numbers, and establish a corresponding relationship between the ablation depth and the pulse number.

[0060] 305. Combining the relationship between the Cr I 425.4nm analytical line intensity and laser pulse number obtained in step 303 and the relationship between ablation depth and pulse number obtained in step 304, the evolution relationship between the Cr I 425.4nm analytical line intensity (theoretically linearly related to the Cr content) within the corrosion layer and ablation depth can be obtained, as shown in the blue solid circle in Figure 3. The results show that the Cr I 425.4nm analytical line intensity extracted from the LIBS spectral data intuitively depicts the diffusion behavior of Cr in the corrosion layer and its enrichment behavior on the corrosion layer surface in SIMP steel, thus providing a LIBS signal characteristic that can represent the diffusion degree of the raw material element in the corrosion layer and the enrichment degree on the corrosion layer surface. As shown in Figure 3, within the ablation depth range of 0 to approximately 5.18 μm, the intensity of the Cr I 425.4 nm analysis line shows that it first decreases from a certain initial value, decreases to a minimum value at approximately 1.70 μm, and then reverses and begins to gradually increase to a certain constant value. This means that: the intensity integral value of the Cr I 425.4 nm analysis line within the ablation depth range of 0 to 5.18 μm represents the diffusion amount of the Cr element to a certain extent; the position of the corrosion layer corresponding to the ablation depth of 1.70 μm represents the enrichment thickness of the Cr element in the surface layer of the corrosion layer to a certain extent; the intensity integral value of the Cr I 425.4 nm analysis line within the ablation depth range of 0 to 1.70 μm represents the enrichment amount of the Cr element in the surface layer of the corrosion layer to a certain extent.

[0061] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. It should be emphasized that any indicator characterizing the corrosion state derived from the correspondence between LIBS spectral data and ablation depth or the number of ablation laser pulses should be included within the scope of protection of this patent. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Use a LIBS device to ablate the same position on the surface of the corrosion layer with multiple laser pulses, obtain multiple LIBS spectra corresponding to single laser pulses, and the ablation depth corresponding to the ablation position of the single laser pulse; Respectively select the characteristic spectral lines of the element to be measured from multiple said LIBS spectra, and extract the characteristic spectral line intensity information; Establish the corresponding relationship between the characteristic spectral line intensity of the element to be measured and the ablation depth, that is, the distribution characteristic of the content of the element to be measured inside the corrosion layer with the ablation depth; Realize the rapid characterization of the corrosion state of the material.

2. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 1, wherein: The method for establishing the corresponding relationship between the characteristic spectral line intensity of the element to be measured and the ablation depth is: According to the obtained characteristic spectral line intensity information of the element to be measured and the number of laser pulses corresponding to the corresponding LIBS spectrum, establish the corresponding relationship between the characteristic spectral line intensity of the element to be measured and the number of laser pulses; Measure the ablation pit depth corresponding to the number of laser pulses, and establish the corresponding relationship between the ablation depth and the number of laser pulses; Combine the corresponding relationship between the characteristic spectral line intensity of the element to be measured and the number of laser pulses and the corresponding relationship between the ablation depth and the number of laser pulses to establish the corresponding relationship between the characteristic spectral line intensity of the element to be measured and the ablation depth.

3. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corrosion layer is a material corrosion layer caused by lead-based liquid metal.

4. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of using a LIBS device to ablate the same position of the corrosion layer with multiple laser pulses to obtain multiple LIBS spectra corresponding to single laser pulses is: focus the pulsed laser emitted by the LIBS device on a certain micro-region on the surface of the corrosion layer, and perform single-point ablation of the micro-region with N laser pulses.

5. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 1, wherein: The element to be measured is one or more elements constituting the liquid metal, or one or more elements constituting the raw material, or an element combination of the liquid metal and the raw material.

6. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of a material in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the ablation pit depth corresponding to the number of laser pulses includes: Use a profilometer to measure the depth of the ablation pits generated by laser pulses with different numbers of times.

7. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 1, wherein The LIBS device includes a focusing lens, a collecting lens, and a spectrometer.

8. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 7, characterized in that The method for obtaining the LIBS spectrum includes the following steps: Use the pulsed laser as the excitation source, and the laser after passing through the focusing lens interacts with the surface of the material corrosion layer to generate plasma; The optical signal emitted by the plasma enters the collecting lens, is introduced into the spectrometer through an optical fiber, and is converted into a digital signal and collected by a computer after passing through the spectrometer to obtain the corresponding LIBS spectrum.

9. The method for rapidly characterizing the corrosion state of materials in a lead-based liquid metal environment according to claim 1, wherein: The number of laser pulses used to ablate the same position of the corrosion layer with the LIBS device is greater than or equal to 2 times.

Images