Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method comprises: determining a transmission waveform of a signal, the transmission waveform being related to threshold values of first parameters, and the first parameters comprising the modulation order and the roll-off factor, wherein the transmission waveform is a quadrature amplitude modulation-discrete Fourier transform spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QAM-DFTS-OFDM) waveform or an offset quadrature amplitude modulation-discrete Fourier transform spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OQAM-DFTS-OFDM) waveform, and the roll-off factor is determined on the basis of a transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform; and, on the basis of the transmission waveform, transmitting or acquiring the signal. By means of the method provided by the present application, a network device or a terminal device can determine a transmission waveform of a signal according to a set threshold value of the modulation order and threshold value of the roll-off factor, thereby achieving supporting higher output power of power amplifiers and obtaining a wider signal coverage.

Description

Communication method and communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on January 18, 2024, with application number 2024100779029 and application name “A Communication Method and Communication Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a communication method and a communication device. Background Art

[0003] Power amplifiers (PAs) generally have a linear dynamic range, within which the amplifier's output signal power increases linearly with the input signal power. This means the ratio of the output signal power to the input signal power (also known as the power gain) remains constant and maintains a fixed value. As the input signal power continues to increase and exceeds a certain critical value, the amplifier enters a nonlinear region, where the power gain gradually decreases. This is known as gain compression, where the output signal power no longer increases with the input signal power but instead approaches saturation. When the input signal power approaches or exceeds the input saturation power, the PA generates nonlinear distortion, such as spectrum spreading or spectrum regrowth. Spectrum regrowth causes mutual interference between subcarriers, leading to an increase in the bit error rate. Furthermore, spectrum regrowth can increase interference with users in adjacent channels.

[0004] The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reflects the fluctuations in the signal envelope or amplitude. Excessively high PAPR can easily cause distortion in the PA output signal. To ensure that the receiver can properly interpret the signal, the average power must be reduced. However, this results in lower power amplifier efficiency, or equivalently, a reduced signal coverage range. Therefore, to meet signal coverage requirements, a signal generation technology with a low PAPR is required. Generally, when using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), the PAPR of the generated signal is higher than when using offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM).

[0005] Next-generation wireless communication networks involve a variety of new scenarios and corresponding new transmission requirements. For example, in environmental reconstruction scenarios, sensing devices can scan objects in the environment and transmit data, and higher supported power can help improve sensing performance. In extremely high-frequency communication scenarios such as terahertz, communication equipment needs to consider increasing supported power to address coverage issues at these extremely high frequencies. Therefore, how to effectively improve performance indicators and signal coverage in next-generation wireless communications is currently a key issue. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a communication method and a communication device. The method and device can achieve technical effects such as better utilization of the effective range of radio frequency devices such as power amplifiers to improve signal coverage, save energy, and reduce implementation complexity.

[0007] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided. The method provided in the first aspect can be executed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. This application does not limit the execution entity of the communication method.

[0008] Specifically, the method includes: determining a transmission waveform of a signal, the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, the first parameter including: a modulation order and a roll-off factor, wherein the transmission waveform is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform with discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of orthogonal amplitude modulation, or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform with discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of offset orthogonal amplitude modulation, the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform, and based on the transmission waveform, transmitting or acquiring a signal.

[0009] The communication method provided in the first aspect is that the communication device can determine the transmission waveform of the signal according to the set threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor, thereby determining whether it is necessary to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. The threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor can reflect the power amplifier PA output back-off OBO gain of the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform compared to the QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, there is no need to change the protocol, and the existing QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform can be used for signal transmission; if the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used, so that higher PA output power can be supported and a larger signal coverage range can be obtained. For integrated communication and perception scenarios (such as user equipment UE, buildings or other physical structures in the perception environment), supporting higher PA output power also helps to obtain a stronger echo signal.

[0010] The thresholds for the modulation order and roll-off factor can be determined based on the OBO gain. That is, when using an OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission, the OBO gain exceeds a certain threshold. When there is no OBO gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, the existing signal generation and demodulation methods can continue to be used.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0012] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission, thereby obtaining a higher power amplifier PA output power.

[0013] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the spectrum emission template SEM is the dominant (or determining) factor in the value of OBO, and when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can be said that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0014] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order may be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the SEM corresponding to the low-order modulation in the modulation and coding scheme MCS index, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QPSK), may dominate the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.4. When the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0015] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the occupied bandwidth OBW may be a dominant factor in the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can be said that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0016] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order may be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the MCS index corresponds to low-order modulation, and OBW may dominate the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.333. When the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.333, an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0017] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the in-band radiation IBE may dominate the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can be said that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0018] Exemplarily, the first threshold of the modulation order may be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the MCS index corresponds to low-order modulation, and IBE may dominate the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.8. When the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.8, an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0020] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold. In this case, the existing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used, and the protocol changes are minimal.

[0021] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, when SEM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, then QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0022] For example, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the MCS index corresponds to low-order modulation, and SEM may dominate the value of OBO. For example, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0023] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, OBW may be the dominant factor in the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, then QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0024] For example, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the MCS index corresponds to low-order modulation, and the OBW may dominate the value of the OBO. For example, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.333. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.333, the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0025] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, IBE may dominate the value of OBO. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, then QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0026] For example, the first threshold of the modulation order can be 2. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 2, the MCS index corresponds to low-order modulation, and IBE may dominate the value of OBO. For example, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.8. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.8, a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0027] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a threshold of a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0028] It should be understood that the threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor indicates whether the signal is transmitted via broadband or narrowband, and the first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted via broadband may be different from the first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted via narrowband.

[0029] It should also be understood that the transmission bandwidth factor may be determined based on a ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the maximum transmission bandwidth allowed within the channel bandwidth.

[0030] Exemplarily, the threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor can be set to 0.6. When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than 0.6, it indicates broadband transmission. When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than 0.6, it indicates narrowband transmission. Considering the frequency range 2-2 (FR2-2), the channel bandwidth is 800MHz, and the subcarrier spacing is 960KHz. At this time, the maximum transmission bandwidth is 62 physical resource blocks RB. When the transmission bandwidth is 60RB, the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 60 / 62=0.968, which is broadband transmission. When SEM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, when the signal is transmitted through narrowband, exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be 0.2, and when the signal is transmitted through broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be 0.4.

[0031] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0032] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order, and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission to obtain better OBO gain.

[0033] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the error vector magnitude EVM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, and when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, it can be said that the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, and the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0034] Exemplarily, the second threshold of the modulation order can be 4. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 4, the MCS index corresponds to medium and high-order modulation, such as 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) or 64QAM, and EVM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO. Exemplarily, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4. When the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0035] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, corresponding to the modulation order being greater than or equal to a second threshold of the modulation order and the roll-off factor being less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0036] In this implementation, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order, and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, it means that EVM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, then the existing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used, and the protocol changes are minimal.

[0037] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order, EVM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, indicating that OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0038] For example, the second threshold of the modulation order can be 4. When the first threshold of the modulation order is 4, the MCS index corresponds to medium and high-order modulation, such as 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) or 64QAM, and EVM is the dominant factor in the OBO value. For example, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be set to 0.4. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission.

[0039] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor.

[0040] For example, when EVM is the dominant factor in the value of OBO, when the signal is transmitted through a narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be 0.35, and when the signal is transmitted through a wideband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be 0.4.

[0041] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the communication method further includes: sending or receiving first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a transmission waveform, where the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, where the first parameter includes: a modulation order and a roll-off factor, where the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform.

[0042] In this implementation, after the network device determines the transmission waveform of the signal, it can send a first indication information to the terminal device through signaling. The first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform of the signal, enabling the terminal device to demodulate and obtain the received signal without having to determine which waveform is used for signal transmission based on communication parameters.

[0043] In a second aspect, a communication system is provided, which includes a terminal device and a network device. The terminal device is used to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the network device can also be used to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0044] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a unit for executing each step in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes at least one processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores program instructions, and when the program instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect is executed.

[0046] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes at least one processor and an interface circuit, and the at least one processor is used to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0047] In a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided, which includes a computer program. When part or all of the computer program is executed by a processor, it is used to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0048] In the seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program. When part or all of the computer program is executed, it is used to execute the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0049] In the eighth aspect, a chip is provided, which includes: a processor for calling and running part or all of a computer program from a memory, so that a communication device equipped with the chip executes a method for executing the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 shows a typical block diagram of an OFDM system.

[0051] FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of single-carrier modulation.

[0052] FIG3 shows a schematic diagram of DFT-s-OFDM modulation with frequency domain preprocessing.

[0053] FIG4 shows a schematic diagram of bandwidth extension and FDSS.

[0054] FIG5 shows an OQAM bit map.

[0055] FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between input power, output power and efficiency of a solid-state power amplifier.

[0056] FIG7 shows a schematic diagram of frequency response under different roll-offs.

[0057] FIG8 shows a schematic diagram of PAPR of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM signals.

[0058] FIG9 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] FIG10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a network device 20 and a terminal device 30 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] FIG11( a ) shows a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 1100 ( a ) provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] FIG11( b ) shows a schematic interaction diagram of another communication method 1100 ( b ) provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0062] FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing transmission bandwidth, channel bandwidth and maximum transmission bandwidth.

[0063] FIG13 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1300 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] FIG14 shows a schematic block diagram of another communication device 1400 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] FIG15 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1500 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0066] FIG16 shows a schematic block diagram of another communication device 1600 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0067] FIG17 shows a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 1700 provided in this application.

[0068] FIG18 shows a schematic structural diagram of a network device 1800 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0069] FIG19 shows a schematic diagram of a chip system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0071] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, future fifth generation (5G) system or new radio (NR), etc.

[0072] The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application may refer to a user device, an access terminal, a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user apparatus. The terminal device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future 5G network, or a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0073] The network device in the embodiment of the present application can be a device for communicating with a terminal device. The network device can be a base station (base transceiver station, BTS) in a global system for mobile communications (GSM) system or code division multiple access (CDMA), or a base station (NodeB, NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, or an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or the network device can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a network device in a future 5G network, or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present application, a terminal device or a network device may include a hardware layer, and optionally, may further include a software layer running on the hardware layer. The hardware layer may include a processor, and may also include hardware such as a memory management unit (MMU) or memory (also called main memory). The software layer stores computer instructions that facilitate the implementation of the methods of each embodiment of the present application. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific structure or level of the execution subject of the method provided in the embodiment of the present application. As long as it is possible to communicate according to the method provided in the embodiment of the present application by running a program that records the code of the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, it can be considered to be a terminal device or network device that implements the embodiment of the present application. For example, the execution subject of the method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a communication module (such as a modem), a system on chip SoC, or other functional modules in the terminal device or network device.

[0075] In addition, various aspects or features of the present application can be implemented as methods, apparatus, or articles of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used in this application covers computer programs that can be accessed from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes, etc.), optical disks (e.g., compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). In addition, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0076] Before introducing the embodiments of the present application, the terms involved in the present application are first introduced.

[0077] (1) Channel, multipath, and delay spread (DS)

[0078] In a radio system, the medium that carries the signal from the transmitter to the receiver is called the channel.

[0079] Multipath is a propagation phenomenon that causes a radio signal to take two or more paths to reach a receiver.

[0080] Because multiple copies of the transmitted signal travel different distances, they arrive at the receiver at different times. The difference in the time it takes for the signals to reach the receiver after traveling different paths is called delay spread (DS). The difference between the arrival time of the last resolvable delayed signal and the first delayed signal is called the maximum delay spread (MDS).

[0081] (2) OFDM

[0082] FIG1 shows a typical block diagram of an OFDM system. As shown in FIG1 , a data sequence is converted into an M-dimensional data block S by serial-to-parallel conversion (S / P). k =[S k [0],S k [1],…,S k [M-1]] T, subscript k is the OFDM symbol number. Through subcarrier mapping, S k The M data carried modulates M subcarriers among the N subcarriers, and the remaining (NM) subcarriers can be understood as being modulated by 0. k Obtain a set of N complex time domain sampling points x through N-point IFFT k =[x k [0], x k [1],…,x k [N-1]] T .

[0083] The next important step in generating OFDM signals is to insert a guard field at the beginning of each OFDM symbol to eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation. The guard field is obtained by adding a cyclic prefix (CP) to the beginning of the symbol. k The last G samples of x and append them to k At the beginning of the time domain OFDM signal

[0084] At the receiving end, the OFDM signal is demodulated by inverse processing. Assuming that time and frequency synchronization can be achieved and the CP length is sufficient, the CP operation (i.e., removing the first G samples in the received signal) is used to obtain a data block containing N samples with no ISI, which is also equal to the OFDM symbol x. k Circular convolution with the channel impulse response. The time domain circular convolution can be converted into a frequency domain dot product through FFT, and then the frequency domain single-tap equalization can be used to complete the channel equalization with low complexity.

[0085] (3) DFT-s-OFDM

[0086] As shown in Figure 1, Discrete Fourier Transform spreading OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) defines the data block s transmitted in the time domain. k , there is an additional DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) process before the OFDM process, that is, for each data block s containing M data kPerform an M-point DFT operation. This operation gives the DFT-s-OFDM signal the characteristics of a single-carrier signal, resulting in a significantly lower PAPR than multi-carrier signals like OFDM. Therefore, at the same power amplifier, DFT-s-OFDM can provide greater output power and higher power amplifier efficiency, thereby improving coverage and reducing energy consumption. The coverage and power consumption advantages of DFT-s-OFDM are particularly evident on the terminal device side, and as a result, DFT-s-OFDM is used for uplink transmission in both existing versions of LTE and NR.

[0087] s k It may include modulation symbols and / or redundant signal sampling points. The modulation symbols may be modulation symbols obtained by modulating the (coded) bit stream. Modulation methods may include pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), amplitude phase shift keying (APSK), etc.

[0088] The redundant signal sampling points may include phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sampling points, unique words, zeros, and the like.

[0089] (4) Single carrier (SC) modulation

[0090] FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of single carrier modulation. As shown in FIG2 , s k After shaping and filtering, the signal x is generated k , including two processes of upsampling and filtering. Filtering can be implemented as the convolution of the upsampled signal and the shaped pulse (or filter coefficient). Convolution includes linear convolution and circular convolution.

[0091] Time-domain sampling is equivalent to periodically replicating the spectrum of a data sequence in the frequency domain, with the period equal to the width of the data sequence's spectrum. Furthermore, time-domain circular convolution corresponds to frequency-domain dot multiplication. The right side of Figure 2 illustrates the upsampling and filtering processes from a frequency-domain perspective. The rectangular grid with diagonal lines represents the spectrum of the data sequence. The trapezoid in Figure 2 represents the frequency-domain response of a shaped pulse or filter. Furthermore, Figure 2 assumes that the filter bandwidth is greater than the width of the data sequence's spectrum.

[0092] Time domain cyclic convolution single carrier modulation can also be equivalently implemented using frequency domain processing methods. The implementation method can be understood as DFT-s-OFDM modulation including frequency domain processing. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of DFT-s-OFDM modulation with frequency domain preprocessing. As shown in Figure 3, first, the M-point DFT converts the data sequence into the frequency domain to obtain a frequency domain signal, such as s k Get S k Then, the frequency domain signal 1 is processed in the frequency domain, including frequency domain dot multiplication (corresponding to filtering based on time domain cyclic convolution), to obtain the frequency domain signal 2. Frequency domain dot multiplication can also be called windowing or frequency domain pulse shaping (FDSS) processing. Finally, the frequency domain signal 2 is converted to the time domain by subcarrier mapping and N-point IDFT, such as by X k Get x k If the filter bandwidth is not equal to the bandwidth of frequency domain signal 1, or the number of subcarriers corresponding to the filter bandwidth (it should be understood that the number of subcarriers multiplied by the subcarrier spacing equals the bandwidth) is not equal to the number of data in frequency domain signal 1 (i.e., M), the bandwidth of frequency domain signal 1 needs to be adjusted before performing the frequency domain dot product. The adjusted bandwidth will be consistent with the filter bandwidth.

[0093] The corresponding frequency domain implementation in the right side of Figure 2 is equivalent to the bandwidth extension and FDSS shown in Figure 4. The bandwidth extension method shown in Figure 4 is: S k The tail part of the signal is copied to S k In front of k The header signal is copied to S k The signal output by the bandwidth adjustment module is used as the input of the FDSS module. The output of the FDSS module is equal to the input point multiplied by the FDSS coefficient. For example, after bandwidth expansion, the signal Its i-th value is FDSS output signal The i-th value is and The relationship between

[0094] Where c[i] is the i-th FDSS coefficient.

[0095] Comparing Figure 1 and Figure 3, it can be seen that the DFT-s-OFDM modulation shown in Figure 1 is a special case of the DFT-s-OFDM modulation shown in Figure 3, that is, the case when the filter bandwidth is equal to the bandwidth of the frequency domain signal 1 and the FDSS coefficient is 1 (that is, the frequency domain response of the filter is a rectangular window with an amplitude of 1).

[0096] (5) NR bit mapping

[0097] NR protocol section 38.2115.1 defines the following: There are seven types of modulation mappers, including QSPK, 16QAM, and 64QAM. QSPK is also known as 4QAM. Taking the QPSK modulation mapper as an example, it maps two consecutive bits into a QPSK symbol. The specific mapping is as follows:

[0098] Where b(2i) and b(2i+1) represent the 2i-th and 2i+1-th bits respectively, and d(i) represents the i-th QPSK symbol, j 2 = 1. Taking the 16QAM modulation mapper as an example, it maps four consecutive bits into one 16QAM symbol. The specific mapping is as follows:

[0099] Among them, b(4i), b(4i+1), b(4i+2) and b(4i+3) represent the 4i-th, 4i+1-th, 4i+2-th and 4i+3-th bits respectively, and d(i) represents the i-th 16QAM symbol.

[0100] (6) Offset QAM (OQAM)

[0101] Figure 5 shows the OQAM bitmap, which can be understood as splitting the complex QAM symbols into a sequence of alternating real and imaginary numbers based on the QAM bitmap. For example, the QAM bitmap generates a sequence of three complex symbols: {z0, z1, z2}, where z0 = x0 + jy0, z1 = x1 + jy1, z2 = x2 + jy2, and x0, x1, x2, y0, y1, and y2 are all real numbers. Offset QAM bitmap generates a sequence of six symbols: {x0, jy0, x1, jy1, x2, jy2} or {jy0, x0, jy1, x1, jy2, x2}.

[0102] In Figure 5, the real module outputs the real part of the complex symbol sequence {x0+jy0, x1+jy1, x2+jy2,...}, that is, the output sequence {x0, x1, x2,....}, and the imag module outputs the imaginary part of the complex symbol sequence {x0+jy0, x1+jy1, x2+jy2,...}, that is, {jy0, jy1, jy2,...}. If the 2x upsampling module input is the M-length sequence {x0, x1, x2,..., x M-1}, then the output is a 2M-long sequence {x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0, ..., x M -1, 0}. If the 2x upsampling module inputs a sequence of length M {jy0, jy1, jy2, ..., jy M-1}, then the output is a 2M-long sequence {jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, ..., jy M-1 ,0}. If the input of 1 sample delay module is 2M long sequence {x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0, ..., x M-1 ,0}, then the output is a 2M-long sequence {0,x0,0,x1,0,x2,0,...,x M-1 If the input of the 1-sample delay module is a 2M-long sequence {jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, ..., jy M-1 ,0}, then the output is a 2M-long sequence {0, jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0, ..., jy M-1}. {x0, 0, x1, 0, x2, 0,...,x M-1 , 0} plus {0, jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0,...,jy M-1} produces {x0, jy0, x1, jy1, ..., x M-1 ,jy M-1}. {0,x0,0,x1,0,x2,0,...,x M-1} plus {jy0, 0, jy1, 0, jy2, 0,..., jy M-1 ,0} produces {jy0,x0,jy1,x1,...,jy M-1 , x M-1}.

[0103] It can be found that the definition in NR Modulation can be viewed as a phase-rotated offset 4QAM or offset QPSK modulation. The phase rotation amount is

[0104] The following points out that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the OQAM symbol sequence has redundancy. Assuming the OQAM symbol sequence length is M (assuming M is divisible by 4), performing an M-point DFT on the symbol sequence yields the corresponding frequency domain signal, denoted as y(k), where k = 0, 1, ..., M-1.

[0105] y(k) has the following properties:

[0106] The superscript * indicates the complex conjugation operation. Therefore, y(k), k = 0, 1, ..., M-1 has Redundant signals. Remove these redundant signals and use the remaining The signal combined with the above relationship can still recover y(k), k = 0, 1, ..., M-1.

[0107] If the OQAM symbol sequence is frequency shifted by half a subcarrier before DFT, that is,

[0108] Then Perform M-point DFT to obtain the frequency domain signal, which is recorded as

[0109] It has the following properties:

[0110] therefore, There are Redundant signals. Remove these redundant signals and use the remaining The signal can still be recovered by combining the above relationship

[0111] Before transmission, a signal passes through a power amplifier (PA) to boost its power. PA efficiency refers to the ratio of its output power to its input power. Figure 6 shows the relationship between input and output power for a solid-state power amplifier. The PA achieves peak efficiency when its output power reaches its maximum. However, at this point, the signal enters the PA's nonlinear operating region (where the output power no longer increases linearly with the input power), resulting in output signal distortion and spectral spreading or spectral regrowth. Spectral regrowth can cause mutual interference between subcarriers, increasing the bit error rate. Furthermore, spectral regrowth can increase interference to users in adjacent channels.

[0112] The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reflects the degree of fluctuation in the signal envelope or amplitude. The lower the PAPR, the smaller the fluctuation in the signal envelope or amplitude. Conversely, the higher the PAPR. Excessively high PAPR can cause distortion in the PA output signal. In 5G NR, both uplink and downlink use OFDM modulation waveforms. Furthermore, to improve coverage and reduce energy consumption, the uplink also introduces a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, which has a lower PAPR than the OFDM waveform. Future communications will utilize higher frequency bands, which offer the resource advantage of ultra-wideband bandwidth. However, these also present challenges, including limited sampling bandwidth, high phase noise, large path loss, and reduced PA efficiency. For example, for every 10-fold increase in frequency, the PA output power decreases by 20dB. Reducing PAPR is one way to minimize spectrum regrowth and maintain PA efficiency. Therefore, future communications may utilize waveforms with lower PAPR than the 5G DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

[0113] Roll-off is the steepness of the frequency response function over frequency. Figure 7 shows the frequency response with different roll-offs. As shown in Figure 7, a rectangular frequency response has the steepest shape. In practice, filters with rectangular window frequency responses are difficult to implement. Using roll-off can reduce the filter's implementation complexity but increase the bandwidth.

[0114] The roll-off factor is defined as:

[0115] The no-roll-off bandwidth corresponds to the bandwidth when β = 0. It can also be seen from FIG7 that when β = 1, the bandwidth doubles, and when β = 0.5, the bandwidth increases by 50%.

[0116] β is defined based on the no-roll-off bandwidth as a reference. Spectrum / bandwidth extension can also be described based on the extended bandwidth as a reference. For example, the spectrum / bandwidth extension factor is defined as follows:

[0117] When β=1, the spectrum / bandwidth expansion factor is 0.5, and when β=0.5, the spectrum / bandwidth expansion factor is 1 / 3.

[0118] Bandwidth extension + FDSS is used to reduce the PAPR of QAM DFT-s-OFDM signals. QAM DFT-s-OFDM means that the input of the DFT module in DFT-s-OFDM modulation is a QAM symbol sequence. Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the PAPR of QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM signals. As shown in Figure 8, the PAPR of QAM DFT-s-OFDM can be reduced by using bandwidth extension and FDSS. Among them, the DFT-s-OFDM input is a QPSK symbol sequence. The bandwidth-extended signal occupies 720 subcarriers, corresponding to 60 physical resource blocks (RBs). FDSS is a root-raised cosine (RRC) function with 720 coefficients. The RRC function is a Nyquist filter. The roll-off factor of RRC is the same as the roll-off factor corresponding to the increased bandwidth of the frequency domain signal. Taking the curve with the legend "QAM, β = 0.2" as an example, the DFT input contains 600 QPSK symbols (720 divided by 1.2, where 1.2 equals 1 + β), and the DFT output contains a frequency-domain signal with 600 data points. Using the bandwidth extension method shown in Figure 4, the resulting frequency-domain signal contains 720 data points. The roll-off factor corresponding to the increased bandwidth of the frequency-domain signal is 120 / 600 = 0.2. As can be seen, bandwidth extension and FDSS can reduce PAPR.

[0119] Further reducing the DFT-s-OFDM PAPR through OQAM means that the input of the DFT module in DFT-s-OFDM modulation is an OQAM symbol sequence. Referring to the analysis in term (six), when carrying the same number of bits, the length of the OQAM sequence is twice the length of the QAM symbol sequence. In theory, the number of resource elements (REs) required to transmit the OQAM sequence is twice the number of REs required to transmit the QAM symbol sequence. However, there is redundancy in the frequency domain signal corresponding to the OQAM sequence. The frequency domain redundancy can be removed without loss of demodulation performance. In this application, it is assumed that the OQAM symbol sequence is preprocessed as shown in formula (4) to achieve maximum redundancy compression. In addition, it is assumed that the bandwidth required to transmit the OQAM sequence is equal to the bandwidth required to transmit the QAM symbol sequence to align the transmission spectrum efficiency of the two. For example, the length of the QAM symbol sequence is M, and the corresponding frequency domain signal length is M; the length of the OQAM symbol sequence is 2M, and the corresponding frequency domain signal length is 2M. The bandwidth required to transmit the OQAM sequence corresponds to M(1+β) subcarriers. In this case, the frequency domain signal corresponding to the OQAM symbol sequence needs to be reduced from 2M to M(1+β) by de-redundancy. De-redundancy can also be implemented by selecting M(1+β) data from the 2M-long signal as the input of the FDSS. In this application, combining properties (5) and (6), the middle M(1+β) data of the 2M-long signal are selected as the input of the FDSS.

[0120] As can be seen from Figure 8, at the same β, the OQAM signal has a lower PAPR than the QAM signal. The following briefly explains the source of the gain. Since the single-carrier signal generated by single-carrier modulation can be regarded as an interpolation of the symbol sequence input by the single-carrier modulation, large fluctuations (or undulations) in the amplitude and / or phase of the input symbol sequence are not conducive to the PAPR performance of the single-carrier signal. For example, in combination with term (five), for QPSK symbols, there is only one amplitude selection, while for 16QAM modulation, there are three amplitude selections. Therefore, the 16QAM single-carrier signal has a higher PAPR than the QPSK single-carrier signal. For another example, there is a phase jump (also called zero crossing) of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, or 180 degrees between two adjacent QPSK symbols in the QPSK symbol sequence; there is only a 90-degree phase jump between two adjacent symbols in the OQAM symbol sequence. The 180-degree phase jump or zero crossing will cause the interpolator to generate a zero signal, increase the signal envelope fluctuation range, and thus deteriorate the PAPR.

[0121] As shown in Figure 6, PA nonlinearity can cause signal distortion, interfering with the signal itself and other users' signals. To avoid or mitigate these issues, the most common approach in practical applications is to implement PA input power back-off (OBO) or output power back-off (OBO). The specific OBO value is generally related to the error vector magnitude (EVM) and the output RF emission index. OBO is measured in dBm, and EVM is related to the modulation order. As shown in Table 1, lower-order modulations have higher EVM requirements and can tolerate larger errors.

[0122] Table 1.<38.104-Table 6.5.2.2-1:EVM requirements for BS type 1-C and BS type 1-H carrier>

[0123] Output RF emission indicators include occupied bandwidth (occupied bandwidth), adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), spectrum emission mask (SEM) and inband emission (IBE).

[0124] Assuming that the terminal device generates a signal and sends it to the network device, Tables 2 and 3 below respectively show the minimum OBO values ​​for five metrics (EVM, ACLR, IBE, OBW, and SEM) met by QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM in wideband (corresponding to a transmission bandwidth of 60 RBs) and narrowband (corresponding to a transmission bandwidth of 6 RBs).

[0125] Table 2. QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM wideband OBO values

[0126] As shown in Table 2, the subcarrier spacing is 960 kHz, the channel bandwidth is 800 MHz, and the frequency range is FR2-2. FDSS is an RRC or truncated RRC filter, or a filter with a time domain response of [0.335 1 0.335]. It should be understood that when the roll-off factor is 0, RRC or truncated RRC degenerates into a rectangular window. Also considered is a power amplifier for IEEE 802.11 ad / ay (60 GHz) based on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The number of antennas is 20. For example, the fourth column in Table 2 shows the OBO for EVM, which is the minimum OBO value required to meet the EVM requirement (17.5%, as can be seen from Table 1). The sixth column in Table 2 shows the OBO for IBE, which is the minimum OBO value required to meet the IBE requirement.

[0127] Table 3. OBO values ​​for QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM in narrowband

[0128] Here, combined OBO = max(OBE for EVM, OBO for ACLR, OBO for IBE, OBO for OBW, OBO for SEM), where max represents the maximum value. A smaller combined OBO value is better. The OBO gain is defined as the combined OBO of QAM minus the combined OBO of OQAM.

[0129] Tables 4 and 5 below show the minimum OBO values ​​for five metrics (EVM, ACLR, IBE, OBW, and SEM) for 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM in narrowband (corresponding to a transmission bandwidth of 6 RBs) and wideband (corresponding to a transmission bandwidth of 60 RBs), respectively.

[0130] Table 4. OBO values ​​for 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM in wideband mode

[0131] Table 5. OBO values ​​for 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 16QAM DFT-s-OFDM in narrowband

[0132] Tables 6 and 7 below show the minimum OBO values ​​for five metrics (EVM, ACLR, IBE, OBW, and SEM) achieved for 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM in narrowband (corresponding to a transmission bandwidth of 6 RBs) and wideband (corresponding to a transmission bandwidth of 60 RBs), respectively. Other parameters are the same as in Tables 2 and 3.

[0133] Table 6. OBO values ​​for 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM in wideband mode

[0134] Table 7. OBO values ​​for 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM and offset 64QAM DFT-s-OFDM in narrowband

[0135] It should be understood that the results in Tables 2-7 are obtained under given parameter configurations. If parameters such as the PA model and ACLR requirements are changed (for example, in FR1, the minimum ACLR requirement for the uplink signal is 30dB, while in FR2-2, the minimum ACLR requirement is 15dB), the values ​​in the tables will change accordingly.

[0136] As can be seen from Figure 8, although OQAM has a PAPR advantage over QAM, combined with Tables 2-7, this advantage may not bring OBO gain or the gain may not be significant under certain parameter configurations. Based on the OBO gain, it can be determined whether to use a QAM waveform or an OQAM waveform. For example, as shown in Table 2, when FDSS is a rectangular window filter (roll-off factor is 0), the comprehensive OBO of QAM is 3.4, while the comprehensive OBO of OQAM is 3.63. Under this parameter configuration, the use of the OQAM waveform will not bring OBO gain. Therefore, even if OQAM has a PAPR advantage over QAM, based on the OBO gain, it can be determined to use the QAM waveform.

[0137] For example, as shown in Table 2, when FDSS is used as the RRC filter and the roll-off factor is 0.5, the overall OBO for QAM is 2.96, while that for OQAM is 1.54. With this parameter configuration, the OBO gain achieved by using the OQAM waveform is approximately 1.42 dB, which is quite significant. Therefore, the OQAM waveform is the preferred choice.

[0138] For another example, as shown in Table 2, when FDSS is the RRC filter and the roll-off factor is 1, the comprehensive OBO of QAM is 4.08, while the comprehensive OBO of OQAM is 0.01. Under this parameter configuration, the OBO gain brought by using the OQAM waveform is larger. Therefore, when OQAM has a PAPR advantage over QAM, it can be determined to use the OQAM waveform based on the OBO gain.

[0139] It should be understood that selecting the OQAM waveform can achieve OBO gain. Since the QAM waveform is used as the uplink transmission signal waveform in 5GNR, selecting the QAM waveform can continue to use the existing signal generation and demodulation methods, with minimal changes to the protocol.

[0140] In summary, how network equipment or terminal equipment determines whether to use QAM waveform or OQAM to transmit signals is an issue that currently requires attention.

[0141] In view of this, the present application provides a communication method in which a communication device can determine the transmission waveform of a signal based on a threshold value of the modulation order and a threshold value of the roll-off factor. The roll-off factor can be determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. The method provided by the present application can reflect the size of the OBO gain through the threshold value of the modulation order and the threshold value of the roll-off factor. When the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, the OQAM waveform is used for transmission. When the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, the existing QAM waveform is used for transmission, with minimal changes to the protocol.

[0142] Before introducing the communication method provided by the present application, the communication system to which the present application is applicable is first described in detail.

[0143] The present application can be applied to various communication systems. For example: fifth generation (5G) system or new radio (NR), satellite communication system, long term evolution (LTE) system, etc. The present invention can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the sixth generation mobile communication system. The present invention can also be applied to device to device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine to machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT) communication system or other communication systems.

[0144] For example, FIG9 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG9 , the communication system includes at least one network device, such as network device 111, network device 112, and network device 113. The communication system may also include at least one terminal device, such as terminal device 121, terminal device 122, terminal device 123, terminal device 124, terminal device 125, terminal device 126, and terminal device 127. Network devices and terminal devices can communicate with each other, such as multi-site transmission, such as communication between network device 112 and terminal devices 121, 122, and 123, and communication between network device 113 and terminal devices 125, 126, and 127. Furthermore, FIG9 shows enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) transmission, such as communication between network devices 112 and 113 and terminal device 124. Network devices can also communicate with each other, such as the backhaul shown in Figure 9, where network device 111 can communicate with network devices 112 and 113. Terminal devices can also communicate with each other, such as the D2D transmission shown in Figure 9, where terminal device 122 can communicate with terminal device 125.

[0145] It should be understood that Figure 9 above is an exemplary illustration and the present application is not limited thereto. The present application can be applied to any communication scenario in which a transmitting device and a receiving device communicate. It should also be understood that the communication devices involved in the present application (such as a transmitting device and a receiving device) can be network devices or terminal devices. For example, the transmitting device mentioned in the present application can be a terminal device, and the receiving device can be a network device. For another example, the transmitting device mentioned in the present application can be a network device, and the receiving device can be a terminal device. For another example, both the transmitting device and the receiving device mentioned in the present application can be terminal devices. For another example, both the transmitting device and the receiving device mentioned in the present application can be network devices.

[0146] Terminal equipment in a communication system can be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. Terminal equipment can be a device that provides voice / data connectivity to users, such as a handheld device with wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, etc. At present, some examples of terminals are: mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in autonomous driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, wearable devices, terminal devices in 5G networks or future evolved public land mobile communication networks (PLMNs). The present application does not limit this to terminal devices in the PLMN. In vehicle-to-vehicle communication, the communication terminal on a vehicle is a terminal device, and a roadside unit (RSU) can also be a terminal device. A drone with a communication terminal on board can also be considered a terminal device.

[0147] The terminal device can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for wearable devices that use wearable technology to intelligently design and develop wearable devices for everyday wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not just hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are full-featured, large in size, and can achieve full or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as those that focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0148] The terminal device can also be a terminal device in the Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important part of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network that interconnects people, machines and things.

[0149] A network device in a communication system can be a device that can communicate with a terminal device. This network device can also be called an access network device or a radio access network device. For example, the network device can be a base station. A network device can also refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects a terminal device to a wireless network. A base station may broadly cover various names as follows, or be replaced with the following names, such as: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master eNodeB (MeNB), secondary eNodeB (SeNB), multi-standard radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or a combination thereof. A base station may also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip used to be installed in the aforementioned devices or apparatuses. A base station may also refer to a mobile switching center, a device that performs base station functions in D2D, V2X, and M2M communications, a network-side device in a 6G network, or a device that performs base station functions in future communication systems. A base station may support networks with the same or different access technologies. The present invention does not limit the specific technology or device form used by network equipment.

[0150] Base stations can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move based on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a device that communicates with another base station.

[0151] The network equipment and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The present invention does not limit the scenarios in which the network equipment and terminal devices are deployed.

[0152] In some embodiments, the network device 20 and the terminal device 30 may also be referred to as a communication device, which may be a general device or a dedicated device, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.

[0153] As shown in FIG10 , it is a schematic diagram of the structures of the network device 20 and the terminal device 30 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0154] The terminal device 30 includes at least one processor (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment includes a processor 301 for example) and at least one transceiver (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment includes a transceiver 303 for example). Furthermore, the terminal device 30 may also include at least one memory (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment includes a memory 302 for example), at least one output device (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment includes an output device 304 for example), and at least one input device (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment includes an input device 305 for example).

[0155] The processor 301, the memory 302 and the transceiver 303 are connected via a communication line. The communication line may include a path to transmit information between the above components.

[0156] The processor 301 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the present application. In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the processor 301 may also include multiple CPUs, and the processor 301 may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor. The processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, or processing cores for processing data (such as computer program instructions).

[0157] The memory 302 may be a device having a storage function. For example, it may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory 302 may exist independently and be connected to the processor 301 via a communication line. The memory 302 may also be integrated with the processor 301.

[0158] The memory 302 is used to store computer-executable instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 301. Specifically, the processor 301 is used to execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 302, thereby implementing the method described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0159] Alternatively, in the present application, the processor 301 may also perform processing-related functions in the signal sending and receiving method provided in the present application, and the transceiver 303 may be responsible for communicating with other devices or communication networks. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.

[0160] The computer-executable instructions involved in this application may also be referred to as application code or computer program code, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0161] The transceiver 303 can be any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access networks (RAN), or wireless local area networks (WLAN). The transceiver 303 includes a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx).

[0162] Output device 304 communicates with processor 301 and can display information in a variety of ways. For example, output device 304 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector.

[0163] The input device 305 communicates with the processor 301 and can accept user input in various ways. For example, the input device 305 can be a mouse, keyboard, touch screen device, or sensor device.

[0164] The network device 20 includes at least one processor (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment is illustrated by including a processor 201 as an example) and at least one transceiver (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment is illustrated by including a transceiver 203 as an example). Furthermore, the network device 20 may also include at least one memory (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment is illustrated by including a memory 202 as an example) and at least one network interface (in FIG. 10 , the exemplary embodiment is illustrated by including a network interface 204 as an example). Among them, the processor 201, the memory 202, the transceiver 203 and the network interface 204 are connected via a communication line. The network interface 204 is used to connect to the core network device through a link, or to connect to the network interface of other network devices through a wired or wireless link (not shown in FIG. 10). This embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited to this. In addition, the relevant description of the processor 201, the memory 202 and the transceiver 203 can refer to the description of the processor 301, the memory 302 and the transceiver 303 in the terminal device 30, which will not be repeated here.

[0165] It is understood that the structure shown in FIG10 does not constitute a specific limitation on the terminal device 30 and the network device 20. For example, in other embodiments of the present application, the terminal device 30 and the network device 20 may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine or separate certain components, or arrange the components differently. The components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0166] In one possible application scenario, the present application can be applied in high-frequency communication scenarios. The communication method provided by the present application can reduce the OBO of the power amplifier, thereby increasing the output signal power of the power amplifier. The greater the output power of the power amplifier, the greater the signal coverage range. Therefore, a higher output power of the power amplifier is beneficial to high-frequency communication coverage in the field of high-frequency communication.

[0167] In another possible application scenario, the present application can also be applied in a perception scenario. The communication method provided by the present application can reduce the OBO of the power amplifier, thereby improving the output signal power of the power amplifier. The greater the output power of the power amplifier, the greater the signal coverage range. Therefore, the larger the output power of the power amplifier is beneficial to improving the power of the echo signal generated by reflection from a distant target in the perception field.

[0168] The communication method provided in the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 11(a) and 11(b). Figure 11(a) shows a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method 1100(a) provided in an embodiment of the present application. This method 1100(a) can be applied in the above-mentioned scenario, and of course can also be applied in other communication scenarios, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0169] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, method 1100(a) can be performed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. This application does not limit the execution entity of this communication method.

[0170] The following describes method 1100 ( a ) by taking a terminal device and a network device as the execution subjects of each step in method 1100 ( a ) as an example.

[0171] As shown in FIG. 11( a ), the method 1100 ( a ) includes:

[0172] S1110a: The network device determines a transmission waveform, where the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a modulation order and a roll-off factor.

[0173] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device can determine whether the single-carrier modulation input is based on an OQAM or QAM symbol sequence by using a threshold value of the modulation order and a threshold value of the roll-off factor. The single-carrier modulation can be DFT-s-OFDM modulation. Of course, the single-carrier modulation can also include other modulation methods, such as the implementation method shown on the left side of Figure 2 or single-carrier frequency domain equalization. This implementation of the present application does not specifically limit this.

[0174] In some possible implementations, the single-carrier signal is a DFT-s-OFDM signal. In the embodiments of the present application, the OQAM-DFT-s-OFDM waveform and the QAM-DFT-s-OFDM waveform are specifically described by determining the threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor.

[0175] Based on Tables 2 to 7 above, it can be seen that when QPSK modulation is adopted, OBO for SEM is the dominant factor in most cases.

[0176] The following table introduces the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used for signal transmission in 5G new radio (NR):

[0177] Table 8. 5G NR MCS table

[0178] In NR-defined transmission, the network device indicates an MCS index to the terminal device. This index corresponds to the table above, indicating the transmission information used for uplink or downlink transmission. As shown in the table, there are 32 MCS indexes, corresponding to 5 bits.

[0179] The above table is an MCS table defined by the protocol. The first column indicates the MCS Index, and the second column indicates the modulation order, that is, the number of bits carried by a modulation symbol. For example, when I_MCS is 0-1, the modulation order is q = 1, indicating that the transmission uses Pi / 2 BPSK. When I_MCS is 2-9, the transmission uses a QPSK constellation with a modulation order of 2. When I_MCS is 10-16, the transmission uses a 16QAM constellation with a modulation order of 4. When I_MCS is 17-27, the transmission uses a 64QAM constellation with a modulation order of 6.

[0180] The third column of the table indicates the target code rate for transmission. Dividing the value in the table by 1024 gives the channel coding rate used. For example, when I_MCS is 0, the expected code rate is 240 / 1024 = 0.234375. When I_MCS is 1, the expected code rate is 314 / 1024 = 0.306640. The receiver then uses the corresponding decoder for decoding.

[0181] The fourth column of the table indicates the spectral efficiency (SE) of the transmission. Generally, this value is the code rate in the third column divided by 1024, multiplied by the modulation order in the second column. For example, when I_MCS is 0, the expected code rate is 240 / 1024 × 1 = 0.234375, which is approximately 0.2344.

[0182] Therefore, in some embodiments, the network device may determine whether SEM is a dominant factor in the OBO value based on the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that OBO for SEM is substantially a dominant factor may be established.

[0183] Exemplarily, based on Table 8, the first threshold of the modulation order can be set to 2. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to 2, the transmission uses the QPSK constellation transmission modulation method. Combined with Tables 2-7, when the transmission uses the QPSK modulation method, the assumption that OBO for SEM is basically the dominant factor may be established.

[0184] Furthermore, Tables 2-7 show that the value of OBO is not only related to the modulation method, but also to the roll-off factor of the filter receiving the signal and the transmission bandwidth. When SEM is the dominant factor (based on Tables 2 and 3), for wideband, when the roll-off factor is small, OQAM has no or little gain compared to QAM. For narrowband, OQAM always has a gain compared to QAM.

[0185] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor when transmitting the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0186] In one possible implementation, the network device may determine the roll-off factor based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform when transmitting the signal to the terminal device. For example, if the transmission bandwidth is 60 RB, corresponding to 720 subcarriers, and the number of symbols during the transmission is 600, the roll-off factor is equal to 720 / 600-1=0.2.

[0187] In some embodiments, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0188] The value of the transmission bandwidth factor and the threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor can be used to determine whether the signal is transmitted through broadband or narrowband. The first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted through broadband can be different from the first threshold of the roll-off factor when the signal is transmitted through narrowband.

[0189] For example, when the signal is transmitted via a broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.4; when the signal is transmitted via a narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.2.

[0190] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it indicates that the signal is broadband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 2, assuming that the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.6 and the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.96, it indicates that the network device uses broadband transmission. When the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, OQAM has a larger gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal; when the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, OQAM has no gain or a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0191] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it is narrowband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 3, Table 3 shows the OBO value under narrowband. Assuming that the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.096, which is less than the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor of 0.6, it means that the network device uses narrowband transmission. When the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.2, OQAM has a larger gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.2, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.2, OQAM has a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is less than 0.2, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0192] The following is a detailed introduction to the transmission bandwidth factors mentioned above. The transmission bandwidth factor is defined as the maximum transmission bandwidth (Maximum transmission bandwidth) allowed within the transmission bandwidth and the channel bandwidth (channel bandwidth). Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of the transmission bandwidth, channel bandwidth and maximum transmission bandwidth. Section 38.1015.3.2 of the 5G NR protocol gives the maximum transmission bandwidth configuration under different transmission bandwidths. For example, when the channel bandwidth is 800M and the subcarrier spacing is 960KHz, the maximum transmission bandwidth is 62RB. If the transmission bandwidth is 60RB, the transmission bandwidth factor is 60 / 62=0.968. The larger the transmission bandwidth factor, the wider the transmission bandwidth, and the smaller the transmission bandwidth factor, the narrower the transmission bandwidth.

[0193] The above details how network devices choose to use either an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform or a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform for transmission when SEM is the dominant factor in determining OBO. Tables 2-7 also show that OBO is also related to OBW. Tables 2 and 3 show that in most cases, OBW's impact on OBO is second only to SEM.

[0194] The following describes some situations where the impact of OBW on OBO may exceed that of SEM. One scenario involves a small number of antennas. In this case, to achieve maximum output power, the OBO for SEM value is smaller.

[0195] Table 9 shows the corresponding OBO for SEM values ​​for the 8-antenna configuration. It can be seen that the OBO for SEM value is lower than the OBO for OBW value.

[0196] Table 9. OBO values ​​for QPSK DFT-s-OFDM and offset QPSK DFT-s-OFDM with 20 and 8 antennas, respectively.

[0197] Therefore, in some embodiments, the network device can determine whether OBW is likely to be the dominant factor in the OBO value based on the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that OBW is the dominant factor in the OBO value may be established.

[0198] Exemplarily, based on Table 8, the first threshold of the modulation order can be set to 2. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to 2, the transmission uses the QPSK constellation transmission modulation method. Combined with Tables 2-7, when the transmission uses the QPSK modulation method, the assumption that OBW basically accounts for the dominant factor of the OBO value may be valid.

[0199] In some embodiments, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the threshold of the modulation order, the network device also needs to determine that the SEM is not the dominant factor for the OBO value but the OBW is the dominant factor for the OBO value.

[0200] In one possible implementation, the terminal device may report its capabilities to the network device, and the network device determines whether OBW is a dominant factor in determining the value of OBO based on the capabilities reported by the terminal device. For example, the terminal device may report the number of antennas to the network device.

[0201] Furthermore, when SEM is not the dominant factor for OBO, but OBW is, the OBO for OBW column in Tables 2 and 3 shows that for broadband, when the roll-off factor is small or moderate, such as 0-0.333, OQAM offers no gain compared to QAM, and the QAM waveform is the preferred waveform. For narrowband, OQAM consistently offers no gain compared to QAM, and the QAM waveform is the preferred waveform.

[0202] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor when transmitting the signal based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0203] The method for determining the roll-off factor is as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0204] When OBW is the dominant factor in determining OBO, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the transmission bandwidth. That is, the first threshold of the roll-off factor can be different when the signal is transmitted via broadband and when the signal is transmitted via narrowband.

[0205] For example, when the signal is transmitted via a broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.333; when the signal is transmitted via a narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 1.

[0206] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it indicates that the signal is broadband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 2, assuming that the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.6 and the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.96, it indicates that the network device uses broadband transmission. Based on Table 2, when the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.333, OQAM has a larger gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.333, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.333, OQAM has no gain or a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is less than 0.333, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0207] When the transmission bandwidth factor is less than the first threshold, narrowband transmission is considered. Continuing with Table 3, which shows the OBO values ​​for narrowband transmission, assumes that the transmission bandwidth factor is less than 0.6, indicating that the network device uses narrowband transmission. Based on Table 3, OQAM always has no gain compared to QAM, so the QAM waveform is selected in this case.

[0208] The above details how network devices choose to use an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform for transmission or a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform for transmission when OBW dominates the OBO value. Tables 2-7 also show that the OBO value is also related to IBE. Table 3 shows that when the roll-off factor is large, such as 0.5, both the OBO for OBW and the OBO for EVM are zero. However, the OBO for IBE is still non-zero, indicating that IBE is the dominant factor. Therefore, it is possible for IBE to be the dominant factor when network devices are performing narrowband transmission and using low-order modulation.

[0209] In some embodiments, the network device can determine whether IBE is likely to be the dominant factor in the OBO value based on the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that IBE is the dominant factor in the OBO value may be valid.

[0210] Because IBE is the dominant factor only when network devices are performing broadband transmission and low-order modulation, network devices also need to determine the transmission bandwidth factor. Specifically, the method for determining the transmission bandwidth factor can be found in the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0211] Furthermore, based on Tables 2 and 3, when IBE is the dominant factor and the roll-off factor is large, OQAM gain is higher than QAM gain. In this case, the OQAM waveform can be selected. When the roll-off factor is small, the OQAM gain is smaller than QAM, so the QAM waveform can be selected.

[0212] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor when transmitting the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0213] The method for determining the roll-off factor is as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0214] When the IBE is the dominant factor in determining the value of the OBO, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is also related to the transmission bandwidth factor.

[0215] For example, when the signal is transmitted via broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.8.

[0216] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it indicates that the signal is broadband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 2, Table 2 shows the OBO value under broadband. Assuming that the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than 0.6, it indicates that the network device uses broadband transmission. Based on Table 2, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.8, OQAM has a larger gain than QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.8, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.8, OQAM has a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.8, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0217] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it is narrowband transmission. Continuing to refer to Table 3, Table 3 shows the OBO value under narrowband. Assuming that the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than 0.6, it means that the network device uses narrowband transmission. Based on Table 3, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.6, OQAM has a larger gain than QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.6, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.6, OQAM has a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, when the value of the roll-off factor is less than 0.6, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0218] The above details how network equipment chooses to use either an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform or a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform for transmission, when IBE dominates the OBO value. Tables 2-7 also show that the OBO value is also related to EVM. Specifically, Tables 4-7 show that for high-order MCS users, the overall OBO is primarily determined by the OBO for EVM.

[0219] In some embodiments, the network device can determine whether EVM is likely to be the dominant factor in the OBO value based on the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the modulation order. When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order, the assumption that EVM is the dominant factor in the OBO value may be established.

[0220] For example, based on Table 8, the threshold of the modulation order can be set to 4, corresponding to 16QAM modulation. When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to 4, the transmission uses 16QAM modulation. Combined with Tables 4-7, when the transmission uses 16QAM modulation, the assumption that OBO for EVM is basically the dominant factor may be established.

[0221] Furthermore, in combination with Tables 4 to 7, whether it is narrowband transmission or broadband transmission, when the roll-off factor is small, OQAM has no gain or a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is small, the QAM waveform is selected, and when the roll-off factor is large, the OQAM waveform is selected.

[0222] Therefore, the network device can determine the roll-off factor when transmitting the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0223] In some embodiments, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0224] For example, when the signal is transmitted via a broadband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.4; when the signal is transmitted via a narrowband, the first threshold of the roll-off factor may be set to 0.35.

[0225] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor, it indicates that the signal is broadband transmission. For example, as shown in Table 4, assuming that the first threshold of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.6 and the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.96, it indicates that the network device uses broadband transmission. Based on Table 4, when the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, OQAM has a larger gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.4, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, OQAM has no gain or a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is less than 0.4, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0226] When the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is less than the first threshold value of the transmission bandwidth factor, it is narrowband transmission. For example, please refer to Table 5, which shows the OBO value under narrowband, assuming that the value of the transmission bandwidth factor is 0.096. When the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.35, OQAM has a larger gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to 0.35, the network device can use the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal. When the roll-off factor is less than 0.35, OQAM has a smaller gain than QAM. Therefore, when the roll-off factor is less than 0.35, the network device can use the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform to transmit the signal.

[0227] S1120a. The network device sends a signal to the terminal device.

[0228] Based on the transmission waveform determined in step S1110a, a signal is generated and transmitted to the terminal device based on the transmission waveform. Transmitting the signal can also be understood as sending the signal of the transmission waveform.

[0229] S1130a. The network device sends first indication information to the terminal device, where the first indication information is used to indicate a transmission waveform.

[0230] After determining the transmission waveform of the signal based on step S1110a, the network device sends first indication information to the terminal device, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

[0231] The first indication information may be configured by the network device through high-layer or physical layer signaling. High-layer signaling may include, for example, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, receiving and sending media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, etc. Physical layer signaling may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), signaling transmitted through a downlink physical layer channel, etc. The physical downlink channel may be, for example, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0232] S1140a. The terminal device demodulates the received signal based on the first indication information.

[0233] The terminal device can obtain the signal based on the first indication information, that is, the terminal device obtains the signal based on the transmission waveform. Obtaining the signal can also be understood as demodulating the received signal.

[0234] The terminal device may also send a signal to the network device based on the transmission waveform indicated by the first indication information, and the network device may demodulate the received signal using the determined transmission waveform.

[0235] In the communication method 1100(a) provided in the present application, a network device can determine the transmission waveform of a signal based on a set threshold of the modulation order and a threshold of the roll-off factor, thereby determining whether it is necessary to change the existing protocol to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, the protocol does not need to be changed and the existing QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used for signal transmission. If the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used, thereby achieving better OBO gain.

[0236] It is worth noting that the communication method provided by this application can reduce the OBO of the power amplifier, thereby increasing the output signal power of the power amplifier. The greater the output power of the power amplifier, the greater the signal coverage range. Therefore, a higher output power of the power amplifier is beneficial for high-frequency communication coverage in the high-frequency communication field. In perception scenarios, a higher output power of the power amplifier is beneficial for increasing the power of the echo signal generated by the reflection of distant targets.

[0237] The above implementation method is based on the network device making waveform selection and then notifying the terminal device through signaling. Of course, in the above implementation method, the terminal device can also make waveform selection, so there is no need for the network device to notify the terminal device through signaling which waveform to use to receive the signal, thereby reducing the signaling overhead.

[0238] In the above implementation, the first threshold of the modulation order, the second threshold of the modulation order, the first threshold of the roll-off factor and the second threshold of the roll-off factor can be pre-set by the protocol. The terminal device and the network device can determine the transmission waveform of the signal based on the threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor pre-set by the protocol. In this way, the network device does not need to notify the terminal device of the transmission waveform used through signaling, thereby reducing the signaling overhead.

[0239] For example, Figure 11(b) shows a schematic interactive flowchart of another communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. This method 1100(b) can be applied in the above-mentioned scenario, and of course can also be applied in other communication scenarios. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0240] In an embodiment of the present application, method 1100(b) may also be performed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application may refer to the first communication device itself (e.g., a network device, a terminal device), a component in the first communication device (e.g., a processor, a chip, or a chip system), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. This application does not limit the execution entity of this communication method.

[0241] The following describes method 1100 ( b ) by taking a terminal device and a network device as the execution subjects of each step in method 1100 ( b ) as an example.

[0242] As shown in FIG. 11( b ), the method 1100 ( b ) includes:

[0243] S1110b: The network device determines a transmission waveform, where the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a modulation order and a roll-off factor.

[0244] The specific implementation of step S1110b can refer to the description of S1110a and will not be repeated here.

[0245] S1120b. The terminal device determines a transmission waveform, where the transmission waveform is related to a threshold of a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a modulation order and a roll-off factor.

[0246] The way in which the terminal device determines the transmission waveform through the threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor is consistent with the way in which the network device determines the transmission waveform through the threshold of the modulation order and the threshold of the roll-off factor. For details, please refer to the description of S1110a and will not be repeated here.

[0247] S1130b. The network device sends the signal to the terminal device.

[0248] Based on the transmission waveform determined by the network device, the network device transmits the signal to the terminal device. Transmitting the signal can also be understood as sending the signal of the transmission waveform.

[0249] S1140b. The terminal device demodulates the received signal.

[0250] Based on step S1120b, the terminal device can determine the transmission waveform. Then in step S1140b, the terminal device can directly obtain the signal based on the transmission waveform. Obtaining the signal can also be understood as demodulating the received signal. There is no need for the network device to send the first indication information to the terminal device to indicate the transmission waveform, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0251] The terminal device may also send a signal to the network device based on the determined transmission waveform, and the network device may demodulate the received signal using the determined transmission waveform.

[0252] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may also send a request message to the network device, which carries the transmission waveform determined by the terminal device. The network device may determine whether the terminal device can use the determined transmission waveform for signal transmission based on the request message of the terminal device.

[0253] It should be understood that the methods, situations, categories and divisions of the embodiments in the present application are only for the convenience of description and should not constitute special limitations. The features of various methods, categories, situations and embodiments can be combined without contradiction.

[0254] It should also be understood that the above is only intended to help those skilled in the art better understand the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the above examples given, those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes. For example, certain steps in the above method may be unnecessary, or certain new steps may be added. Or a combination of any two or any multiple of the above embodiments. Such modifications, changes, or combined solutions also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0255] It should also be understood that the above description of the embodiments of the present application focuses on emphasizing the differences between the various embodiments. The same or similar points that are not mentioned can be referenced with each other. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0256] It should also be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0257] It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, "pre-setting" and "pre-definition" can be achieved by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in devices (for example, including terminal devices and network devices). This application does not limit its specific implementation method.

[0258] It should also be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their internal logical relationships.

[0259] The above describes in detail the examples of communication methods provided by the present application. It is understandable that, in order to realize the above functions, the authentication service function, the terminal device, and the unified data management include hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. It should be easily appreciated by those skilled in the art that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present application.

[0260] The communication device provided by this application will be introduced below.

[0261] Exemplarily, Figure 13 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1300 may correspond to the network device described in each embodiment of the above-mentioned method 1100(a) and method 1100(b), or may be a chip or component applied to the network device. Moreover, each module or unit in the communication device 1300 is respectively used to execute each action or processing process performed by the network device described in each embodiment of the above-mentioned method 1100(a) and method 1100(b).

[0262] As shown in FIG13 , the communication device 1300 includes a transceiver unit 1310 and a processing unit 1320. The transceiver unit 1310 is configured to perform specific signal transmission and reception under the drive of the processing unit 1320.

[0263] In some embodiments:

[0264] Processing unit 1320 is used to determine the transmission waveform of the signal, where the transmission waveform is related to the threshold of the first parameter, and the first parameter includes: a modulation order and a roll-off factor, wherein the transmission waveform is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform with discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of orthogonal amplitude modulation or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform with discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of offset orthogonal amplitude modulation, and the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform.

[0265] The transceiver unit 1310 is configured to transmit or obtain a signal based on a transmission waveform.

[0266] The communication device provided in the present application can determine the transmission waveform of the signal based on the set modulation order threshold and roll-off factor threshold, thereby determining whether it is necessary to change the existing protocol to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, there is no need to change the protocol and use the existing QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used, so that better OBO gain can be achieved.

[0267] It should be noted that the communication device corresponds to a chip or component of a network device.

[0268] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0269] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0270] Optionally, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0271] Optionally, the first threshold of the modulation order is 2.

[0272] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0273] Optionally, corresponding to the value of the modulation order being greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor being less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0274] Optionally, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0275] Optionally, the second threshold of the modulation order is 4.

[0276] Optionally, the transceiver unit 1310 is further used to send or receive the first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

[0277] It should be understood that the specific processes for each unit in communication device 1300 to perform the above-mentioned corresponding steps can be found in the description of the network device in conjunction with methods 1100(a) and 1100(b) and the related embodiments in Figures 11(a) and 11(b). For example, transceiver unit 1310 can perform the steps involving receiving and sending in the above-mentioned method embodiments, while processing unit 1320 can perform steps other than receiving and sending. The various specific processes are described in the method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, they are not further described here.

[0278] It should be understood that the communication device may further include a storage unit for storing instructions executed by the transceiver unit 1310 and the processing unit 1320. The storage unit stores instructions, the processing unit 1320 is configured to execute the instructions stored in the storage unit, and the transceiver unit 1310 is configured to perform specific signal transmission and reception under the drive of the processing unit 1320.

[0279] It should be understood that the transceiver unit 1310 may be a transceiver, an input / output interface, or an interface circuit. The storage unit may be a memory. The processing unit 1320 may be implemented by a processor. Figure 14 shows a schematic block diagram of another example communication device 1400 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 14, the communication device 1400 may include a processor 1410, a memory 1420, and a transceiver 1430.

[0280] The communication device 1300 shown in FIG. 13 or the communication device 1400 shown in FIG. 14 can implement the steps performed by the network device in each embodiment of the aforementioned method 1100(a) and method 1100(b). Similar descriptions can be found in the descriptions of the corresponding aforementioned methods. To avoid repetition, these descriptions are not repeated here.

[0281] It should also be understood that the communication device 1300 shown in FIG. 13 or the communication device 1400 shown in FIG. 14 may be a network device.

[0282] Figure 15 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1500 of an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1500 may correspond to the terminal device described in the above-mentioned method 1100(a) and method 1100(b), or may be a chip or component applied to the terminal device. In addition, each module or unit in the communication device 1500 is respectively used to execute each action or processing process performed by the terminal device in the above-mentioned method 1100(a) and method 1100(b).

[0283] As shown in FIG15 , the communication device 1500 may include a transceiver unit 1510 and a processing unit 1520. The transceiver unit 1510 is configured to perform specific signal transmission and reception under the drive of the processing unit 1520.

[0284] In some embodiments:

[0285] Processing unit 1520 is used to determine the transmission waveform of the signal, where the transmission waveform is related to the threshold of the first parameter, and the first parameter includes: a modulation order and a roll-off factor, wherein the transmission waveform is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform with discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of orthogonal amplitude modulation or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform with discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum of offset orthogonal amplitude modulation, and the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform.

[0286] The transceiver unit 1510 transmits or obtains a signal based on the transmission waveform.

[0287] The communication device provided in the present application can determine the transmission waveform of the signal based on the set modulation order threshold and roll-off factor threshold, thereby determining whether it is necessary to change the existing protocol to use the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO has no gain or the OBO gain is less than a certain threshold, there is no need to change the protocol and use the existing QAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform for signal transmission. If the OBO gain is greater than a certain threshold, the OQAM DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used, so that better OBO gain can be achieved.

[0288] It should be noted that the communication device corresponds to a chip or component of a network device.

[0289] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0290] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0291] Optionally, the first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0292] Optionally, the first threshold of the modulation order is 2.

[0293] Optionally, when the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is an OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0294] Optionally, corresponding to the value of the modulation order being greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor being less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is a QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

[0295] Optionally, the second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to a factor of the transmission bandwidth.

[0296] Optionally, the second threshold of the modulation order is 4.

[0297] Optionally, the transceiver unit 1510 is further used to send or receive first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

[0298] It should be understood that the specific processes by which each unit in communication device 1500 performs the above-mentioned steps can be referred to in the above description of the terminal device in conjunction with the relevant embodiments of method 1100(a) and method 1100(b). For example, transceiver unit 1510 may perform the steps involving reception and transmission in the above-mentioned method embodiments, while processing unit 1520 may perform steps other than processing and transceiving. The various specific processing methods are described in the method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, they are not further described here.

[0299] Optionally, the transceiver unit 1510 may include a receiving unit (module) and a sending unit (module) for executing the steps of the terminal device receiving information and sending information in each embodiment of the aforementioned method 1100 (a) and method 1100 (b).

[0300] It should be understood that the transceiver unit 1510 may be a transceiver, an input / output interface, or an interface circuit. The storage unit may be a memory. The processing unit 1520 may be implemented by a processor. Figure 16 shows a schematic block diagram of another example communication device 1600 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 16, the communication device 1600 may include a processor 1610, a memory 1620, and a transceiver 1630.

[0301] The communication device 1500 shown in FIG15 or the communication device 1600 shown in FIG16 can implement the steps performed by the terminal device in the embodiment of the aforementioned method 1100. Similar descriptions can refer to the descriptions of the aforementioned corresponding methods. To avoid repetition, they are not repeated here.

[0302] It should also be understood that the communication device 1500 shown in FIG. 15 or the communication device 1600 shown in FIG. 16 may be a terminal device.

[0303] It should also be understood that the division of units in the above device is merely a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into one physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Moreover, the units in the device can all be implemented in the form of software called through processing elements; or all be implemented in the form of hardware; or some units can be implemented in the form of software called through processing elements, and some units can be implemented in the form of hardware. For example, each unit can be a separately established processing element, or it can be integrated into a certain chip of the device. In addition, it can also be stored in a memory in the form of a program, and called by a certain processing element of the device to execute the function of the unit. Here, the processing element can also be called a processor, which can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method or each unit above can be implemented by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor element or in the form of software called through the processing element.

[0304] In one example, the unit in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, such as one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. For another example, when the unit in the device can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler, the processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processor that can call a program. For another example, these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0305] Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 1700 provided by the present application, which can be used to implement the functions of the terminal device in the above method. The above-mentioned communication device 1500 or communication device 1600 can be configured in the terminal device 1700. Alternatively, the communication device 1500 or communication device 1600 itself can be the terminal device 1700. In other words, the terminal device 1700 can perform the actions performed by the terminal device in the above-mentioned method 1100 (a) and method 1100 (b). Optionally, for ease of explanation, Figure 17 only shows the main components of the terminal device. As shown in Figure 17, the terminal device 1700 includes a processor, a memory, a control circuit, an antenna, and an input / output device.

[0306] The processor is primarily used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process software program data, such as supporting the terminal device in executing the actions described in the embodiment of the method for indicating a transmission precoding matrix. The memory is primarily used to store software programs and data, such as the codebook described in the above embodiment. The control circuit is primarily used to convert baseband signals into radio frequency signals and process radio frequency signals. The control circuit and antenna together are also called a transceiver, which is primarily used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input and output devices, such as touch screens, displays, and keyboards, are primarily used to receive user input and output data to the user.

[0307] When the terminal device is powered on, the processor reads the software program stored in the storage unit, interprets and executes the program's instructions, and processes the program's data. When data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the RF circuit. The RF circuit then performs RF processing on the baseband signal and transmits it via the antenna as electromagnetic waves. When data is sent to the terminal device, the RF circuit receives the RF signal via the antenna, converts it into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor, which converts the baseband signal into data and processes it.

[0308] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, for ease of explanation, FIG17 shows only one memory and processor. In an actual terminal device, multiple processors and memories may exist. The memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or storage device, etc., which is not limited in the present embodiment.

[0309] For example, a processor may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor is primarily responsible for processing communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU is primarily responsible for controlling the entire terminal device, executing software programs, and processing data from software programs. The processor in Figure 17 integrates the functions of both a baseband processor and a CPU. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the baseband processor and the CPU may also be independent processors interconnected via a bus or other technology. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to accommodate different network standards, multiple CPUs to enhance its processing capabilities, and that the various components of the terminal device may be connected via various buses. The baseband processor may also be referred to as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The CPU may also be referred to as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The functionality for processing communication protocols and communication data may be built into the processor or stored as a software program in a storage unit, with the processor executing the software program to implement the baseband processing functionality.

[0310] By way of example, in an embodiment of the present application, an antenna and a control circuit having transceiver functions may be regarded as a transceiver unit 1701 of the terminal device 1700, and a processor having a processing function may be regarded as a processing unit 1702 of the terminal device 1700. As shown in FIG17 , the terminal device 1700 includes a transceiver unit 1701 and a processing unit 1702. The transceiver unit may also be referred to as a transceiver, a transceiver, a transceiver device, etc. Optionally, the device for implementing the receiving function in the transceiver unit 1701 may be regarded as a receiving unit, and the device for implementing the transmitting function in the transceiver unit 1701 may be regarded as a transmitting unit, that is, the transceiver unit 1701 includes a receiving unit and a transmitting unit. By way of example, the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiver, a receiver, a receiving circuit, etc., and the transmitting unit may be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitter, or a transmitting circuit, etc.

[0311] Figure 18 is a structural diagram of a network device 1800 provided in an embodiment of the present application, which can be used to implement the functions of the serving base station, source base station and target base station in the above method. The network device 1800 includes one or more radio frequency units, such as a remote radio unit (RRU) 1801 and one or more baseband units (BBU) (also known as digital units, DU) 1802. The RRU 1801 can be called a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or a transceiver, etc., and may include at least one antenna 18011 and a radio frequency unit 18012. The RRU 1801 part is mainly used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals and converting radio frequency signals into baseband signals, for example, for sending signaling messages in the above embodiment to terminal devices. The BBU 1802 part is mainly used for baseband processing, controlling the base station, etc. The RRU 1801 and BBU 1802 can be physically set together or physically separated, that is, a distributed base station.

[0312] The BBU 1802 is the control center of the base station, which can also be called a processing unit, and is mainly used to perform baseband processing functions such as channel coding, multiplexing, modulation, spread spectrum, etc. For example, the BBU (processing unit) 1802 can be used to control the base station to execute the operation process of the network device in the above method embodiment.

[0313] In one example, the BBU 1802 may be composed of one or more single boards, and multiple single boards may jointly support a wireless access network of a single access standard (such as an LTE system or a 5G system), or may respectively support wireless access networks of different access standards. The BBU 1802 also includes a memory 18021 and a processor 18022. The memory 18021 is used to store necessary instructions and data. For example, the memory 18021 stores the codebook in the above embodiment, etc. The processor 18022 is used to control the base station to perform necessary actions, such as controlling the base station to execute the operation process of the network device in the above method embodiment. The memory 18021 and the processor 18022 can serve one or more single boards. That is, a memory and a processor can be set separately on each single board. Alternatively, multiple single boards may share the same memory and processor. In addition, necessary circuits may be provided on each single board.

[0314] In one possible implementation, with the development of system-on-chip (SoC) technology, all or part of the functions of parts 1802 and 1801 can be implemented using SoC technology. For example, they can be implemented using a base station function chip that integrates a processor, memory, antenna interface, and other components. Programs for base station-related functions are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the programs to implement the base station-related functions. Optionally, the base station function chip can also read memory external to the chip to implement the base station-related functions.

[0315] It should also be understood that the division of units in the above device is merely a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into one physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Moreover, the units in the device can all be implemented in the form of software called through processing elements; or all be implemented in the form of hardware; or some units can be implemented in the form of software called through processing elements, and some units can be implemented in the form of hardware. For example, each unit can be a separately established processing element, or it can be integrated into a certain chip of the device. In addition, it can also be stored in a memory in the form of a program, and called by a certain processing element of the device to execute the function of the unit. Here, the processing element can also be called a processor, which can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method or each unit above can be implemented by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor element or in the form of software called through the processing element. In one example, the unit in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, such as one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. For another example, when the unit in the device can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler, the processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processor that can call a program. For another example, these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0316] An embodiment of the present application also provides a chip system, as shown in Figure 19, which includes at least one processor 1910 and at least one interface circuit 1920. The processor 1910 and the interface circuit 1920 can be interconnected via lines. For example, the interface circuit 1920 can be used to receive signals from other devices (such as the memory of the terminal device 1700). For another example, the interface circuit 1920 can be used to send signals to other devices (such as the processor 1910). Exemplarily, the interface circuit 1920 can read instructions stored in the memory and send the instructions to the processor 1910. When the instructions are executed by the processor 1910, the terminal device can execute the various steps performed by the terminal device in the above embodiment. Of course, the chip system can also include other discrete components, which are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0317] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, which includes: the network device and terminal device provided in the above method embodiment.

[0318] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer program code, wherein the computer program includes instructions for executing any of the communication methods provided in the embodiments of the present application. The computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), which is not limited in the present application.

[0319] The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes instructions. When the instructions are executed, the network device and the terminal device perform corresponding operations corresponding to the above method.

[0320] The present application also provides a chip in a communication device, comprising a processing unit and a communication unit. The processing unit may be, for example, a processor, and the communication unit may be, for example, an input / output interface, a pin, or a circuit. The processing unit may execute computer instructions to cause the communication device to perform any of the communication methods provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0321] Optionally, the computer instructions are stored in a storage unit.

[0322] Optionally, the storage unit is a storage unit within the chip, such as a register, cache, etc. The storage unit can also be a storage unit located outside the chip within the terminal, such as a ROM or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, random access RAM, etc. The processor mentioned in any of the above can be a CPU, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the above-mentioned feedback information transmission method. The processing unit and the storage unit can be decoupled and respectively set on different physical devices, and connected by wired or wireless means to implement the respective functions of the processing unit and the storage unit to support the system chip to implement the various functions in the above-mentioned embodiments. Alternatively, the processing unit and the memory can also be coupled on the same device.

[0323] Among them, the terminal device, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product or chip provided in this embodiment are all used to execute the corresponding methods provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can refer to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0324] It will be appreciated that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a ROM, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a RAM, which is used as an external cache. There are many different types of RAM, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0325] Various objects such as various messages / information / equipment / network elements / systems / devices / actions / operations / processes / concepts that may appear in this application are named. It can be understood that these specific names do not constitute a limitation on the relevant objects. The names assigned may change with factors such as scenarios, contexts or usage habits. The understanding of the technical meaning of the technical terms in this application should be mainly determined from the functions and technical effects embodied / executed in the technical solutions.

[0326] In the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0327] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0328] The methods in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, they can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instruction is loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiments of the present application is executed in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer program or instruction can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted via the computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media.

[0329] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0330] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0331] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0332] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0333] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned readable storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine the transmission waveform of the signal, where the transmission waveform is related to the threshold of a first parameter, and the first parameter includes: modulation order and roll-off factor. Wherein, the transmission waveform is a quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform, or an offset quadrature amplitude modulation discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform, and the roll-off factor is determined based on the transmission bandwidth and the number of symbols carried by the transmission waveform. Transmit or obtain the signal based on the transmission waveform.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: When the value of the modulation order is less than or equal to the first threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the first threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The first threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The first threshold of the modulation order is 2.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the OQAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that When the value of the modulation order is greater than or equal to the second threshold of the modulation order and the value of the roll-off factor is less than the second threshold of the roll-off factor, the transmission waveform is the QAM-DFTS-OFDM waveform.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that The second threshold of the roll-off factor is related to the factor of the transmission bandwidth.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, The second threshold of the modulation order is 4.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method further includes: Transmit or receive first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transmission waveform.

11. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes: at least one processor and at least one memory; Wherein, the at least one memory is used to store computer programs or instructions; The at least one processor is used to execute some or all of the computer programs or instructions in the at least one memory, so that the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is executed.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer programs or instructions, and when the computer reads and executes the computer programs or instructions, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is executed.

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