Method for operating a power supply device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a power supply device (SVV), comprising a power section (LT) for providing an output voltage (U) and a control circuit (RS) for controlling the power section (LT), wherein the control circuit (RS) comprises a first controller (REG_U) and a second controller (REG_I), wherein the following method steps are carried out: - detecting or establishing a difference between a target value of the output voltage (U_SOLL) and an actual value of the output voltage (U_IST) by means of the first controller (REG_U); - calculating and outputting a target average value of a first current (I_1_M_SOLL) by means of the first controller (REG_U), wherein the target average value of the first current (I_1_M_SOLL) is limited by means of the first controller (REG_U) to a permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current (I1-M-MAX '); - detecting or establishing a difference between the target average value of the first current (I1-M-SOLL) and an actual average value of the first current (I_1_M_IST) by means of the second controller (REG_I); - calculating a manipulated variable (SG) by means of the second controller (REG_I) and outputting the manipulated variable (SG) to the power section (LT).

Description

[0001] Method for operating a power supply device

[0002] The invention relates to a method for operating a power supply device and a power supply device.

[0003] For power supply devices, for example for switching power supplies, different control concepts are used depending on the requirements of the control circuit or the power section to be controlled.

[0004] In a cascaded control system with underlying current average control, a voltage regulator outputs a current setpoint as a manipulated variable that corresponds to the desired average value. This current setpoint, in turn, serves as the input for a subordinate current controller, which compares this setpoint with the actual current value and thus outputs a manipulated variable for the power section that corresponds, for example, to the switch-on times, the pulse width, or the period of the transistors.

[0005] When controlling the power section, however, not only the average current but also the peak current is crucial, since the current-carrying capacity of the components used is limited. For example, inductors can saturate or semiconductor components can fail if the current peak values ​​are too high, which would lead to a failure of the power section.

[0006] Power supplies are often used in devices or systems where faulty conditions in the device or system supplied by the power supply must not immediately lead to a shutdown of the entire supply. For this purpose, it is often necessary to be able to deliver a significantly higher output current for a short time, for example, to power up loads with high inrush current peaks or to trigger the circuit breaker of faulty feeders so that the rest of the system can continue to operate without interruption.

[0007] To prevent device failure in the event of a brief overload caused by excessive current peaks, the components used can be oversized accordingly, so that the maximum possible current peaks under all circumstances do not pose a problem for the components. However, this would sometimes result in correspondingly large, heavy, and expensive components, especially in the case of inductors, which would subsequently also limit the possible size of the power supply.

[0008] Alternatively, an overcurrent emergency shutdown can be used, which monitors the current in the power section and shuts it down in the event of dangerous peak values. However, this would not allow continuous operation during short-term overloads, which would have a correspondingly detrimental effect on the availability of the device or system in which the switching power supply is used.

[0009] The publications "BÖCKER, Joachim . Power Electronics . University of Paderborn, Department of Power Electronics and Electrical Drive Technology , XP055743365 , 28 . 03 . 2019" and

[0010] US 2022 / 368228 Al. Both publications deal with regulations for power supplies.

[0011] The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for operating a power supply device which ensures high availability of the power supply device, protects the components of the power supply device and enables cost-effective and compact dimensioning of the power supply device.

[0012] The object is achieved according to the independent main claim 1 by a method for operating a power supply device , comprising a power section for providing an output voltage and a control circuit for controlling the power section , wherein the control circuit comprises a first regulator and a second regulator , wherein the following method steps are carried out :

[0013] - detecting or forming a difference between a setpoint value of the output voltage and an actual value of the output voltage by the first controller;

[0014] - calculating and outputting a target average value of a first current by the first controller, wherein the target average value of the first current is limited by the first controller to a permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current;

[0015] - detecting or forming a difference between the target mean value of the first current and an actual mean value of the first current by the second controller;

[0016] - Calculating a manipulated variable by the second controller and outputting the manipulated variable to the power section.

[0017] The method achieves, in particular by limiting the target mean value of the first current to a permissible maximum value of the target mean value of the first current by the first controller, that the second controller outputs a manipulated variable which ensures high availability of the power supply device, protects the components of the power supply device and enables cost-effective and compact dimensioning of the power supply device.

[0018] The first regulator can be designed as a voltage regulator, in particular as a digital voltage regulator. The second regulator can be designed as a current regulator, in particular as a digital current regulator.

[0019] The detection or formation of a difference in the process by the first controller and the second controller means that a difference is fed to one of the controllers or both controllers ("detection"), which difference is formed, for example, by a summer, or that one of the controllers or both controllers form the difference themselves ("formation").

[0020] The manipulated variable is used to control electronic switches in the power section, in particular to control transistors, field-effect transistors (FETs) or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The manipulated variable specifies the switch-on times and / or pulse widths and / or period durations of the electronic switches. The manipulated variable can comprise a pulse-width-modulated signal. In order to be able to control a plurality of electronic switches, the manipulated variable can comprise a plurality of signals, each of which is assigned to an electronic switch.

[0021] The subclaims list further advantageous measures which can be combined with one another as desired in order to achieve further advantages.

[0022] It is advantageous if the control circuit carries out the following additional process steps:

[0023] - Recording the target average value of the first current;

[0024] - Detecting a second current from the power unit;

[0025] - comparing the second current with a predetermined maximum value of the second current;

[0026] - If the second current is greater than the specified maximum value of the second current: subtracting a reduction value from the target average value of the first current and outputting the result as the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current to the first controller.

[0027] These method steps ensure that the permissible maximum value of the target average of the first current can be continuously changed and reduced as a function of a second current. This allows a component in the power section or a circuit in the power section through which the second current flows to be protected in a targeted manner by reducing the permissible maximum value of the target average of the first current if the second current is greater than the specified maximum value of the second current.

[0028] The second current may be a peak value. The second current may be a current in the power section that flows through a component to be protected from overcurrent, for example, an electronic switching element or an inductance, or through a circuit component.

[0029] The predetermined maximum value of the second current may be specified by a component or circuit part specification.

[0030] The comparison of the second current with a predetermined maximum value of the second current can be done with an analog comparator.

[0031] The reduction value can be a fixed, absolute value. The reduction value can also be proportional to the difference between the second current and the maximum value of the second current. The reduction value can also be proportional to the target average value of the first current, i.e., it can represent a percentage of the target average value of the first current.

[0032] It is advantageous if the reduction value has a constant value or is variable, in particular proportional to the difference between the second current and the predetermined maximum value of the second current.

[0033] The process is simplified by using a constant reduction value. A reduction value that is proportional to the difference between the second current and the maximum value of the second current allows for particularly rapid response and countermeasures in high overload situations when the maximum value of the second current is significantly exceeded. It is advantageous if the reduction value is subtracted once per switching period of the power section.

[0034] This allows the response of the power section to the reduced permissible maximum value of the target average of the first current to be waited for, and only if necessary, the reduction value can be subtracted again from the target average of the first current. This further increases the stability and reliability of the power supply device.

[0035] It is advantageous if a flag is set when the second current is greater than the specified maximum value of the second current, and that the flag is deleted if this condition is not met.

[0036] This allows a detected overload situation to be documented and subjected to further evaluation.

[0037] It is advantageous if the control circuit carries out the following additional process steps:

[0038] - checking a first condition, the first condition being fulfilled if the permissible maximum value of the target mean value of the first current is smaller than a predetermined maximum value of the target mean value of the first current;

[0039] - Checking a second condition, where the second condition is met if the flag is not set;

[0040] - Adding a slope value to the maximum allowable value of the target mean value of the first current when the first condition and the second condition are met.

[0041] The predefined maximum value of the target average value of the first current represents an absolute maximum value which cannot be exceeded by the first controller. The predefined maximum value of the target average value of the first current can be specified for the power supply device from the outside or can already be specified in an initial state of the power supply device. It can, for example, represent a limit for the continuous load capacity of the power supply device. The permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current is always less than the predefined maximum value or equal to the predefined maximum value of the target average value of the first current. The permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current represents a variable value which is adjusted continuously or step by step.

[0042] These process steps ensure that the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current is increased again when the overload situation no longer exists. This further increases the stability and reliability of the power supply device.

[0043] It is advantageous if the method steps of claim 6 , in particular the checking of the first condition , the checking of the second condition and the addition of the gradient value to the permissible maximum value of the desired mean value of the first current , are carried out once per switching period of the power unit or per cycle of a periodic clock generator .

[0044] These process features allow the response of the power section to the increased permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current to be waited for, and the current to be further increased only if the first and second conditions are also met in the following switching period or cycle. This further increases the stability and reliability of the power supply device.

[0045] It is advantageous if the control circuit further comprises a monitoring unit and the monitoring unit carries out at least one of the method steps of claims 2 to 7. The monitoring unit can comprise an analog comparator for comparing the second current with the predetermined maximum value of the second current. The monitoring unit can comprise a digital signal processor (DSP) for subtracting the reduction value from the target average value of the first current and / or for adding the gradient value to the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current. The monitoring unit can comprise means for detecting the second current and / or the predetermined maximum value of the second current and / or the predetermined maximum value of the target average value of the first current and / or the target average value of the first current. The monitoring unit can comprise a memory for storing one of these values ​​or a plurality of these values.

[0046] It is advantageous if the first current is a current to be regulated in the power section, in particular a current to be regulated through an inductance.

[0047] The first current may also be an output current of the power supply device.

[0048] It is advantageous if the second current is a current in the power section which flows through a component to be protected against overcurrent, in particular through an electronic switching element or through an inductance.

[0049] This feature can be used to specifically protect a component from an overcurrent.

[0050] It is advantageous if the first current and the second current denote the same current.

[0051] This simplifies detection when the first current used to control the power supply device by the first regulator and the second regulator also flows through a component that is to be protected from overcurrent. It is advantageous if the control circuit further comprises an averaging circuit that detects the first current in the power section and outputs an actual average value of the first current.

[0052] The object of the invention is also achieved by a power supply device comprising a power section for providing an output voltage and a control circuit for controlling the power section, wherein the power supply device is designed to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 12.

[0053] It is advantageous if the power supply device is designed as a switching power supply, boost converter, buck converter, step-up / step-down converter, flux converter or buck-boost converter.

[0054] It is advantageous if the power supply device according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the control circuit is designed as a cascaded control, in particular as a cascaded control with subordinate current mean value control.

[0055] In the following, the invention is described and explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the figures.

[0056] Examples include:

[0057] Fig. 1: A schematic structure of an exemplary first embodiment of a power supply device according to the invention,

[0058] Fig. 2: A schematic structure of an exemplary second embodiment of a power supply device according to the invention, Fig. 3: A flow diagram of an exemplary first

[0059] Variant of a part of a method according to the invention, and

[0060] Fig. 4: A flowchart of an exemplary second

[0061] Variant of a part of a method according to the invention.

[0062] Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of an exemplary first embodiment of a power supply device SW according to the invention, which comprises a power section LT and a control circuit RS. In this exemplary embodiment, the control circuit RS is designed as a cascaded control with underlying current average value control. The control circuit RS comprises a first controller REG_U and a second controller REG_I. In this exemplary embodiment, the first controller REG_U is a voltage regulator and the second controller REG_I is a current regulator. The first controller REG_U detects a difference between a setpoint value of an output voltage U_SOLL and an actual value of an output voltage U_IST. The actual value of the output voltage U_IST is a momentary output voltage of the power section LT. The setpoint value of the output voltage U_SOLL is a predetermined or predeterminable output voltage of the power section LT.The first controller REG_U outputs a current setpoint I_SOLL as a manipulated variable. This current setpoint I_SOLL corresponds to the desired mean value, whereby this mean value is limited to a permissible maximum value. This current setpoint I_SOLL in turn serves as the input variable for the subordinate second controller REG_I, which compares this current setpoint I_SOLL with the current actual value I_IST and thus outputs a manipulated variable SG for the power section LT.

[0063] Starting from this first embodiment of the power supply device SW, a second embodiment of the power supply device SW is described. Fig. 2 shows a schematic structure of an exemplary second embodiment of a power supply device SW according to the invention, which comprises a power section LT and a control circuit RS. In this embodiment, the control circuit RS is designed as a cascaded control with underlying current average value control. The control circuit RS comprises a first controller REG_U and a second controller REG_I. In this embodiment, the first controller REG_U is a voltage regulator and the second controller REG_I is a current regulator. The first controller REG_U detects a difference between a setpoint value of an output voltage U_SOLL and an actual value of an output voltage U_IST. The actual value of the output voltage U_IST is an instantaneous output voltage of the power section LT.The setpoint value of the output voltage U_SOLL is a predetermined or predeterminable output voltage of the power section LT. The first controller REG_U calculates a setpoint average value of a first current I_1_M_SOLL and outputs this, whereby the setpoint average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL is limited by the first controller REG_U to a permissible maximum value of the setpoint average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX. The permissible maximum value of the setpoint average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX can be predetermined or calculated in further process steps. The second controller REG_I records a difference between the setpoint average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL and an actual average value of the first current I_1_M_IST, calculates a manipulated variable SG and outputs the manipulated variable SG to the power section LT. In this embodiment, the actual mean value of the first current I_1_M_IST is formed and provided by an averaging circuit MWB.The first current I_1 is detected by the averaging circuit MWB from the power section LT .

[0064] In this exemplary embodiment, the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX is calculated by a monitoring unit ÜE, which is included in the control circuit RS. The monitoring unit ÜE records the target average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL, which is calculated by the first controller REG_U, and a second current I_2 from the power section LT. The monitoring unit compares the second current I_2 with a predetermined maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX. The peak value of the second current I_2 is taken into account for the comparison. The predetermined maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX is the value that must not be exceeded in the power section LT, for example in order to protect a component from overcurrent.If the second current I_2 is greater than the predefined maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX during a switching period of the power unit LT, the monitoring unit subtracts a reduction value RW from the target average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL and outputs the result to the first controller REG_U as the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX '. In the initial state of the method or the power supply device SW, the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX ' is set to a predefined maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX.

[0065] The first current I_1 and the second current I_2 can be different currents. The first current I_1 can, for example, be an output current of the power supply device SW if regulation of the power supply device SW is easier via the output current. The second current I_2 can be a current flowing through a component that is to be protected from overcurrent. The first current I_1 and the second current I_2 can also denote the same current or refer to the same current.

[0066] Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of an exemplary first embodiment of a part of a method according to the invention. START_1 denotes the start of the method. In a method step, denoted by the field "I_2 > I_2_MAX", a check is made as to whether the second current I_2 is greater than a predetermined maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX. If this test is positive, marked with the letter "J", a marker M is set, designated by the field "SET M". Furthermore, the reduction value RW is deducted from the target average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL, designated by the field "I_1_M_SOLL - RW", and the result is output to the first controller REG_U as the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX, designated by the field "I_1_M_MAX ' = I_1_M_SOLL - RW". The expiry of a current switching period of the power unit LT is then checked, designated by the field "END_1?".If the current switching period has not expired, indicated by the letter "N", the check continues. If the current switching period has expired, indicated by the letter "J", the described process starts again. The system therefore waits for the current switching period of the power section LT to expire. If the test as to whether the second current I_2 is greater than a specified maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX, indicated by the field "I_2 > I_2_MAX", is negative, indicated by the letter "N", the marker M is deleted if it is set, indicated by the field "DEL M" and the system waits again for the current switching period of the power section LT to expire.

[0067] Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of an exemplary second embodiment of part of a method according to the invention. START_2 designates the start of the method. In a method step, designated by the field "I_1_M_MAX ' < I_1_M_MAX", a first condition is used to check whether the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX ' is less than a predetermined maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX. If this check is positive, designated by the letter "Y", a second condition is used to check whether the flag M is set, designated by the field "M SET?". If this check is negative, designated by the letter "N", a gradient value SW is added or added to the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX '.The expiry of a current switching period of the LT power section or the period end of a periodic clock generator is then checked, designated by the field "END_2?". If the current switching period has not expired or the period end of a periodic clock generator has not been reached, designated by the letter "N", the check is continued. If the current switching period has expired or the period end of a periodic clock generator has been reached, designated by the letter "J", the described sequence begins again. The system therefore waits for the expiry of the current switching period of the LT power section or the period end of a periodic clock generator. In this way, the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX is repeatedly increased slowly in the form of a ramp to the specified maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX, provided that no overcurrent condition has been detected in the form of a set marker M.

[0068] If the test of the first condition is negative, marked with the letter "N", and / or if the test of the second condition is positive, marked with the letter "J", the expiration of a current switching period of the power unit LT or the period end of a periodic clock generator is checked again, marked by the field "END_2?".

[0069] In the present invention, predefined values ​​refer to those values ​​that can be specified externally for the power supply device SW and are determined from limit values ​​for components or circuit parts. Permissible values ​​refer to those values ​​that can be continuously recalculated by the method. The permissible values ​​can be initialized with the predefined values.

[0070] In a further embodiment variant according to the invention, a monitoring unit continuously monitors the peak value of the second current I_2 in the power section. If the peak value of the second current I_2 has exceeded the specified maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX in the elapsed switching period of the power section LT, a marker M is set. In addition, a reduction value RW, which can have a constant value, is subtracted from the target average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL. Furthermore, the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX for the first regulator REG_U is set to the current target value now reduced by the reduction value RW, in order to prevent the voltage regulator from further increasing the target average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL. Finally, the system waits for the current switching period of the power section LT to expire.If the peak value of the second current I_2 is also greater than the specified maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX in the following switching period of the power section LT, the reduction value RW is again deducted from the setpoint average value of the first current I_1_M_SOLL and the permissible maximum value of the setpoint average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX for the first controller REG_U is set to the further reduced current setpoint. This procedure continues cycle by cycle until the peak value of the second current I_2 no longer exceeds the specified maximum value of the second current I_2_MAX in the elapsed switching period. In this case, the marker M is cleared and the system waits again for the current switching period to expire.

[0071] In further process steps, which can run in parallel, the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX ' is repeatedly increased slowly in the form of a ramp to the specified maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX , provided that no overcurrent condition has been detected. For this purpose, triggered by a periodic clock generator, a check is carried out to determine whether the current permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX ' for the first controller REG_U is less than the specified maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX . In a further step, a check is carried out to determine whether the marker M is set, and only if this is not set (no overcurrent condition was reported in other process steps) can the permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current I_1_M_MAX ' be increased again by a gradient value SW .If the flag M is set because an overcurrent condition is reported in other process steps, the permissible maximum value of the target mean value of the first current I_1_M_MAX ' for the first controller REG_U remains unchanged during the current period of the clock generator.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A method for operating a power supply device (SW), comprising a power section (LT) for providing an output voltage (U) and a control circuit (RS) for controlling the power section (LT), wherein the control circuit (RS) comprises a first regulator (REG_U) and a second regulator (REG_I), wherein the following method steps are carried out: - detecting or forming a difference between a setpoint value of the output voltage (U_SOLL) and an actual value of the output voltage (U_IST) by the first controller (REG_U); - Calculating and outputting a target average value of a first current (I_1_M_SOLL) by the first controller (REG_U), wherein the target average value of the first current (I_1_M_SOLL) is limited by the first controller (REG_U) to a permissible maximum value of the target average value of the first current (I_1_M_MAX '); - detecting or forming a difference between the target mean value of the first current (I_1_M_SOLL) and an actual mean value of the first current (I_1_M_IST) by the second controller (REG_I); - Calculating a manipulated variable (SG) by the second controller (REG_I) and outputting the manipulated variable (SG) to the power section (LT), whereby the following further process steps are carried out by the control circuit (RS): - Recording the target mean value of the first current (I_1_M_SOLL); - detecting a second current (I_2) from the power unit (LT); - comparing the second current ( I_2 ) with a predetermined maximum value of the second current ( I_2_MAX ); - If the second current ( I_2 ) is greater than the specified maximum value of the second current (I_2_MAX) : Subtracting a reduction value (RW) from the target mean value of the first current (I_1_M_SOLL) and outputting the result as the permissible maximum value of the target mean value of the first current (I_1_M_MAX') to the first controller (REG_U) .

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reduction value (RW) has a constant value or is variable, in particular proportional to the difference between the second current (I_2) and the predetermined maximum value of the second current (I_2_MAX).

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deduction of the reduction value (RW) is carried out once per switching period of the power unit (LT).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a flag (M) is set if the second current (I_2) is greater than the predetermined maximum value of the second current (I_2_MAX), and that the flag (M) is deleted if this condition is not met.

5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the following further method steps are carried out by the control circuit (RS): - Checking a first condition, the first condition being met if the permissible maximum value of the target mean value of the first current (I_1_M_MAX') is less than a predetermined maximum value of the target mean value of the first current (I_1_M_MAX); - Checking a second condition, the second condition being met if the flag (M) is not set; - Adding a slope value (SW) to the permissible maximum value of the target mean value of the first current ( I_1_M_MAX ' ) if the first condition and the second condition are met.

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the method steps of claim 5 are carried out once per switching period of the power unit (LT) or per cycle of a periodic clock generator.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control circuit (RS) further comprises a monitoring unit (ÜE), and in that the monitoring unit (ÜE) carries out at least one of the method steps of claims 1 to 6.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first current (I_l) is a current to be regulated in the power section (LT), in particular a current to be regulated through an inductance.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second current (I_2) is a current in the power section (LT) which flows through a component to be protected against overcurrent, in particular through an electronic switching element or through an inductance.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first current (I_l) and the second current (I_2) denote the same current.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control circuit (RS) further comprises a circuit for averaging (MWB) which detects the first current (I_l) in the power section (LT) and outputs an actual mean value of the first current (I_1_M_IST).

12. Power supply device (SW) comprising a power section (LT) for providing an output voltage (U) and a control circuit (RS) for controlling the power section (LT), wherein the power supply device (SW) is designed to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 11.

13. Power supply device (SW) according to claim 12, characterized in that the power supply device (SW) is designed as a switching power supply, Boost converter, buck converter, step-up-step converter, flux converter or buck-boost converter.

14. Power supply device (SW) according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the control circuit (RS) is designed as a cascaded control, in particular as a cascaded control with subordinate current mean value control.

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