System, apparatus and methods to support in-network data processing services
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/073960
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-31
Smart Images

Figure CN2024073960_31072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEM, APPARATUS AND METHODS TO SUPPORT IN-NETWORK DATA PROCESSING SERVICESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally pertains to digital world application sessions and, in particular, to a system, apparatuses, and methods to support digital world application sessions and digital world applications with in-network data processing.BACKGROUND
[0002] Future mobile networks may provide computing services to support applications, including digital world (DW) services, such as metaverse services. The fifth generation (5G) mobile system has been designed to support ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) , massive number of device connections, and high data rate. However, the 5G system may lack functionalities required to support digital world applications. For example, current 5G networks may lack sensing capability and functions to process sensing data. Furthermore, there may be no specific functions in mobile networks to support specific features of some digital world applications. Electronic devices (EDs) , such as smart phones, head-mounted devices, augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) glasses, etc. may have limited processing capability. Additionally, the bandwidth requirement to transfer large amounts of user and environment data over the 5G wireless links may limit the usage of some digital world applications in a 5G mobile network. It therefore remains an open question of how a mobile network operator (MNO) might efficiently support digital world applications in the current 5G and beyond 5G future mobile networks.
[0003] Therefore, improvements in systems to support digital world application sessions and digital world applications are desirable.
[0004] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems for supporting digital world applications and digital world application sessions in a mobile network with in-network processing. Various functionalities, such as network functions, are integrated into the mobile network for this purpose, and are configured to perform and support data processing to support the digital world applications. In particular, in-network processing may be performed by combinations of functions in the core network, for example via service function chaining. Other network functions in the core network and access network may facilitate such in-network processing by appropriate packet handling and communication with an electronic device accessing the network. Th electronic device, having been notified of the above capabilities, may adjust its operation accordingly.
[0006] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a session management function (SMF) apparatus supporting a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) . The SMF apparatus includes processing electronics and integrated into infrastructure of a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) . The SMF apparatus may be configured to receive DW Application Session Establishment request information and, based at least in part on the DW Application Session Establishment request information, select one or more network functions (NFs) from a plurality of NFs integrated into infrastructure of the CN. The SMF apparatus may be further configured to request and receive DW application session information, for example, the SMF apparatus may request and receive the DW application session information from a DW Support Function (DWSF) or the DWAS.
[0007] In some embodiments, the DW application session information may include an indication of at least one uplink (UL) service function chain (SFC) , or an indication of at least one downlink (DL) SFC, or both. In some embodiments, the DW application session information may further include one or more of: NF information indicative of each NF in at least one UL SFC and NF information indicative of each NF in at least one DL SFC. The DW application session may use data packet processing in the CN. In some other embodiments one or more NFs, selected by the SMF apparatus, may include each NF in at least one UL SFC, or each NF in at least one DL SFC, or a combination thereof. The ED, the DWAS, and the MN may be communicatively connected in the disclosed embodiments, and the DWAS may be configured to provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS. According to some embodiments, the SMF apparatus may configure or initiate configuration of the at least one UL SFC and at least one UL tunnel between the ED and a DWAS. The configuring or initiating configuration of the at least one UL SFC and the at least one UL tunnel between the ED and a DWAS may be based, at least in part, on the DW Application Session Establishment request information and the DW application session information. The at least one UL tunnel, in some embodiments, may be located at least in part in the CN, and one or more UL data packets of DW application session data may be transmitted through the at least one UL tunnel and processed in the CN before being delivered to the DWAS.
[0008] According to some embodiments, the SMF apparatus may configure or initiate configuration of the at least one DL SFC and at least one DL tunnel between the DWAS and the ED. The configuring or initiating configuration of the at least one DL SFC and the at least one DL tunnel between the DWAS and the ED may be based at least in part on the DW Application Session Establishment request information and the DW application session information. The at least one DL tunnel in some embodiments may be located at least in part in the CN, and one or more DL data packets of the DW application session data may be transmitted through the at least one DL tunnel and processed in the CN before being delivered to the ED.
[0009] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the DW Application Session Establishment request information may be provided by the DWAS or by a DW support function (DWSF) configured to support the DW application session.
[0010] According to some embodiments, the DW Application Session Establishment request information may include one or more of: a DW application identifier number (ID) , a DW application session ID, an ED ID, ED location information, an ID of the at least one UL SFC, a SFC header of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of the at least one DL SFC, and a SFC header of the at least one DL SFC. In some embodiments, the SFC header of the at least one UL SFC may include one or more of: an ID of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one UL SFC, and UL packet processing instructions. According to some embodiments, the SFC header of the at least one DL SFC may include one or more of: an ID of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one DL SFC, and DL packet processing instructions.
[0011] In some embodiments, the configuring or initiating configuration of the at least one UL SFC and the at least one UL tunnel, by the SMF apparatus, may include configuring an access network (AN) portion of the MN to cause the AN to add an SFC header of the at least one UL SFC to one or more UL data packets and to forward the one or more UL data packets to at least one NF of the at least one UL SFC. Some embodiments, disclosed herein, may include configuring, by the SMF apparatus, the at least one NF of the at least one UL SFC to process the one or more UL data packets according to a DW application ID and a data processing ID of the at least one NF of the at least one UL SFC and to send one or more processed UL data packets to a next NF in the at least one UL SFC. Some embodiments may include configuring, by the SMF apparatus, a last NF in the at least one UL SFC to send the one or more processed UL data packets to the DWAS. According to some embodiments the configuring or initiating configuration of the at least one UL SFC and the at least one UL tunnel, by the SMF apparatus, may also include communicating to the ED an indication that the at least one NF of the at least one UL SFC is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data.
[0012] In some embodiments the configuring or initiating configuration of the at least one DL SFC and the at least one DL tunnel by the SMF apparatus may include configuring the DWAS or a data plane gateway (DPGW) to cause the DWAS or the DPGW to add an SFC header of the at least one DL SFC to one or more DL data packets and forward the one or more DL data packets to at least one NF of the at least one DL SFC. The DPGW may provide a data transfer interface between the MN and the DWAS. In some embodiments, the SMF apparatus may also configure the at least one NF of the at least one DL SFC to process the one or more DL data packets according to the DW application ID and a data processing ID of the at least one NF of the at least one DL SFC, and send one or more processed DL data packets to a next NF of the at least one DL SFC. In some embodiments, the configuring or initiating configuration of the at least one DL SFC and the at least one DL tunnel by the SMF apparatus may include configuring a last NF of the at least one DL SFC to send the one or more processed DL data packets to an ED address. In some embodiments, the configuring or initiating configuration of the at least one DL SFC and the at least one DL tunnel by the SMF apparatus may also include communicating to the ED an indication that the at least one NF of the at least one DL SFC is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data.
[0013] Some other embodiments of this disclosure are directed to an electronic device (ED) supporting a digital world (DW) application session between the ED and a DW application server (DWAS) . The DW application sessions, supported by the ED, may use data packet processing in a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) . In some embodiments, the ED may include processing electronics and may be configured to receive one or more of: an indication that a DW application is available for the DW application session and DW application session configuration information. The DW application session configuration information may be for use by the ED in configuring the DW application session. The indication that the DW application is available for the DW application session, or the DW application session configuration information, or a combination thereof may be provided to the ED by the DWAS or the DWSF. In some embodiments, the ED may be configured to request at least one uplink (UL) tunnel between the ED and the DWAS, or at least one downlink (DL) tunnel between the DWAS and the ED, or both tunnels; and the at least one UL tunnel, or the at least one DL tunnel, or both tunnels may be located at least in part in the CN.According to some embodiments, the ED may be also configured to receive an indication that at least one network function (NF) of the CN is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data. In some embodiments of the ED, disclosed here, the ED may be communicatively connected to the DWAS and the MN, and the DWAS may be configured to provide the DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS. In some embodiments, the ED may be configured to transmit a consent to process the DW application session data in the CN or a rejection to process the DW application session data in the CN.
[0014] In some embodiments, following the transmission of the consent to process the DW application session data in the CN, the ED may be configured to send one or more UL data packets of the DW application session data through the at least one UL tunnel, wherein the one or more UL data packets may be processed in the CN before being delivered to the DWAS. In some embodiments, following the transmission of the consent to process the DW application session data in the CN, the ED may be configured to receive one or more DL data packets of the DW application session data through the at least one DL tunnel, wherein the one or more UL data packets may be processed in the CN before being delivered to the ED. In some embodiments of the ED, the DW application session configuration information and the indication that the DW application is available for the DW application session may be provided to the ED by the DWAS or by a DW support function (DWSF) configured to support the DW application session. In some embodiments of the ED, the DW application session configuration information may include one or more of: a DW application identifier number (ID) , a DW application session ID, an ID of at least one UL service function chain (SFC) , a SFC header of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of at least one DL SFC, and a SFC header of the at least one DL SFC. According to some embodiments of the ED, the SFC header of the at least one UL SFC may include one or more of: an ID of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one UL SFC, and UL packet processing instructions. According to some other embodiments of the ED, the SFC header of the at least one DL SFC may include one or more of:an ID of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one DL SFC, and DL packet processing instructions. According to some embodiments, the ED may be further configured to receive an ED message container, wherein the ED message container may include one or more of: a set of packet filters, an indication that an DW Application Session Establishment request is accepted, an indication that the DW Application Session Establishment request is rejected, an ID of an endpoint of the at least one UL tunnel, an ID of an endpoint of the at least one DL tunnel , an address of the at least one UL SFC, and an address of the at least one DL SFC.
[0015] Some embodiments of this disclosure are directed to an access network (AN) apparatus supporting a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) , wherein the DW application session makes use of data packet processing in a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) . In some embodiments, the AN apparatus may comprise processing electronics and may be configured to receive an indication that a request for establishing a DW application session is accepted. In some embodiments, following receipt of the indication the AN apparatus may support one or more of: at least one downlink (DL) tunnel and at least one uplink (UL) tunnel. According to some embodiments of the AN apparatus the support of the at least one UL tunnel may include adding a service function chain (SFC) header of at least one UL SFC to one or more UL data packets and forwarding the one or more UL data packets to at least one network function (NF) of the at least one UL SFC. According to some embodiments, the AN apparatus may be a part of an AN portion of the MN; and the ED, the DWAS, the CN, and the AN apparatus may be communicatively connected. The DWAS may be configured to provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS. In some embodiments, the AN apparatus further configured to to receive one or more of: DW Application Session Establishment request information, and an AN message container. In some embodiments, the DW Application Session Establishment request information, received by the AN apparatus, may include one or more of: a DW application identifier number (ID) , a DW application session ID, an ED ID, ED location information, an ID of the at least one UL SFC, the SFC header of the at least one UL SFC; an ID of at least one DL SFC, and a SFC header of the at least one DL SFC. According to some embodiments of the AN apparatus, the SFC header of the at least one UL SFC may include one or more of: an ID of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one UL SFC, and UL packet processing instructions. In some embodiments of the AN apparatus, the SFC header of the at least one DL SFC may include one or more of: an ID of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one DL SFC, and DL packet processing instructions.
[0016] Some embodiments of this disclosure are directed to a system to support a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) , wherein the DW application session may use data packet processing in the mobile network, such as in the CN, or access network (AN) , or both. In some embodiments, the system may comprise the ED, an access network (AN) apparatus, a session management function (SMF) apparatus, and the DWAS: The AN apparatus may be integrated into infrastructure of an AN portion of a mobile network (MN) and the SMF apparatus may be integrated into infrastructure of a core network (CN) portion of the MN according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the ED and the DWAS may be communicatively connected to the MN and therefor communicatively connected to the AN apparatus, the SMF apparatus and to each other.
[0017] In some embodiments of the system the DWAS may comprise processing electronics and may be configured to provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS, and send to the ED one or more of: an indication that a DW application is available for the DW application session and DW application session configuration information. The DW application session configuration information may be for use by the ED in configuring the DW application session.
[0018] In some embodiments of the system, the ED may comprise processing electronics and may be configured to receive one or more of: the indication that the DW application is available for the DW application session and the DW application session configuration information. In some embodiments of the system, the ED may be configured to request at least one uplink (UL) tunnel between the ED and the DWAS or at least one downlink (DL) tunnel between the DWAS and the ED or both. In some embodiments of the system, the ED may be configured to receive an indication that at least one network function (NF) of the CN is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data. In some embodiments of the system, the at least one UL tunnel, or the at least one DL tunnel, or both tunnels may be located at least in part in the CN.
[0019] In some embodiments of the system, the SMF apparatus may comprise processing electronics and may be configured to receive DW Application Session Establishment request information. According to some embodiments of the system, the SMF apparatus may, based at least in part on the DW Application Session Establishment request information, select from a plurality of network functions (NFs) integrated into infrastructure of the CN one or more NFs. According to some embodiments of the system, the SMF apparatus may request and receive DW application session information. The DW application session information may include an indication of at least one UL service function chain (SFC) , or an indication of at least one DL SFC, or both. The DW application session information may further include one or more of: NF information indicative of each NF in the at least one UL SFC and NF information indicative of each NF in the at least one DL SFC. According to some embodiments of the system, the one or more NFs may include the each NF in the at least one UL SFC, or the each NF in the at least one DL SFC, or both.
[0020] In some embodiments of the system, the AN apparatus may comprise processing electronics and may be configured to receive an indication that a DW Application Session Establishment request is accepted. In some embodiments of the system, the AN apparatus, following receipt of the indication, may support one or more of: the at least one DL tunnel and the at least one UL tunnel. In some embodiments of the system, the support of the at least one UL tunnel by the AN apparatus may include adding a SFC header of the at least one UL SFC to one or more UL data packets and forwarding the one or more UL data packets to at least one NF of the at least one UL SFC.
[0021] In accordance with embodiments, methods are provided commensurate with the above embodiments of apparatus and system. A method may involve the above-described operations and be carried out by an appropriate computerized apparatus or system, such as an SMF apparatus, AN apparatus, or ED apparatus, or a combination thereof.
[0022] In accordance with embodiments, there is provided an electronic apparatus in a mobile (communication) network, the apparatus including a processor, a network interface and a memory and configured to perform one or more of the methods as described herein. In accordance with embodiments, there is provided a system of such electronic apparatuses, networked together and configured to interact to perform one or more of the methods as described herein. The electronic apparatus may be an SMF apparatus, AN apparatus or ED apparatus, for example.
[0023] In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product including a (e.g. non-transitory) computer readable medium having statements and instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more computer processors, cause the computer processors to perform the method as set forth above. The computer processors may be parts of one or more electronic apparatuses (e.g. network entities) as described herein.
[0024] Embodiments have been described above in conjunctions with aspects of the present invention upon which they can be implemented. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments may be implemented in conjunction with the aspect with which they are described, but may also be implemented with other embodiments of that aspect. When embodiments are mutually exclusive, or are otherwise incompatible with each other, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Some embodiments may be described in relation to one aspect, but may also be applicable to other aspects, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates a system architecture to support DW application sessions and DW applications with in-network processing.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a system supporting a DW application session. The DW application session comprising cooperation between an electronic device (ED) 121, a digital world application server (DWAS) 123, and a few network functions.
[0028] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate a procedure for ED 121 to join a DW application session. FIG. 3A shows actions 301-308 of the procedure, and FIG. 3B shows remaining action 309-318 of the procedure.
[0029] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate data transfer between ED 121 and DWAS 123 with in-network data processing. FIG. 4A shows actions 401-408 of the data transfer, and FIG. 4B shows remaining actions 409-414 of the data transfer.
[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates an electronic device which may be configured to perform operations according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0031] It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] DW applications, for example digital twin and metaverse applications, have been designed for several businesses such as games, virtual meetings, virtual music performance, virtual art exhibition, remote healthcare, virtual classrooms, shopping, industrial automation. DW applications may be virtual world applications, augmented reality applications, virtual reality applications, mixed reality applications, or the like, or a combination thereof. DW applications may support multiple users interacting in a computerized virtual reality or augmented reality environment, facilitated by sensors to detect user inputs through natural movements, speech or other actions, and actuators to present outputs to users, such as visual outputs (e.g., light changes, video screen outputs, personal headset outputs) , or tactile or other sensory outputs (e.g., air motion, temperature changes, sounds, vibrations, mechanical motions, etc. ) . A DW environment may be a faithful representation of a real environment, or an artificial environment, or a modified real environment, or the like. The DW applications may support a potentially large number of participants at the same time from various locations. The participants may interact with each other in real-time. The system may collect potentially large and diverse amounts of information such as sensing data, video, audio, text, image, data from the environment, background, application servers, networks, and users. From the collected information, a DW application may create suitable content and send it to the participants at least partially in the form of video, audio, voice, data, and text, to create immersive experience for the DW participants. The DW participants may have several sensors such as a video camera, a lidar, a radar, audio sensor, environmental sensors (such as temperature, wind speed and direction, raining level, lighting condition, smoke level, dust level, pollution level) to collect data environment information and also participants’ information. The collected data may be shared with the DW application servers and other users. To support DW applications, the mobile network may be required to provide high bit rate, low latency, highly reliable communication links between the DW application server (AS) and the DW terminal. The fifth generation (5G) mobile network may provide communication links to meet the requirements of data connection. Notably, high amounts of data processing may be required to support DW applications. To facilitate this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for at least some data processing within a mobile network, such as the radio access network (RAN) , or the core network of mobile network, or a combination thereof, also referred to as a communication network, which links DW end devices to DW application servers. Further, the data processing is provided for in a particular manner as described herein.
[0033] In this disclosure a mobile network may have computing infrastructure (processing infrastructure) to provide application services to mobile network users. The mobile network functions and DW application servers may be hosted in the same data center. The current mobile network technologies, such as 4G or 5G mobile networks, may not take advantage of being deployed in the same data center that also hosts application servers. Therefore, the mobile network and application servers need several types of signaling messages to support a data session. In practice, the mobile NFs and application servers could be deployed in the same data center to support mobile users in a region. This disclosure provides a solution that takes advantage of this deployment model.
[0034] Referring for example to FIG. 1, one aspect of the present disclosure is directed to uplink (UL) connectivity between electronic device (ED) 121 and Digital World Application Server (DWAS) 123. Establishing an UL connection may involve notifying ED 121 about UL data packets classification in ED 121, following by in-network data processing, and providing ED 121 with packet filter sets and packet markings for UL data flows that to be processed in CN 128. The destination address (e.g., the IP header and the port number) is a server in the mobile network 131, such as in the CN 128, or data network (DN) 129. Establishing the UL connection may require establishing and configuring multiple tunnels from access network (AN) 127 to different NFs to support UL data flow from AN 127 to different destinations in CN 128 or in DN 129. Accordingly, following receipt from ED 121 of the DW Application session establishment request, MN 131 may be configured to support at least one UL tunnel between ED 121 and DWAS 123, or at least one DL tunnel between DWAS 123 and ED 121, or both. AN 127 may be configured to add service function chain (SFC) headers (e.g., including packet processing instructions, packet handling instructions, a SFC ID) to the UL data packets and forward the UL data packets to at least one NF in the mobile network, which may be a NF of UL SFC. Establishing the UL connection may also involve notifying a last network function of an SFC of a respective UL data flow about a destination address to send processed UL data packets to. Data plane gateway (DPGW) 112 may be configured to forward the processed UL data packets to DWAS 123. The last network function of the UL SFC may update packet headers to include the DWAS 123 address. Establishing the UL connection may also involve configuring DPGW 112 to perform network address translation (NAT) for UL data flows after in-network processing.
[0035] Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to downlink (DL) connectivity between DWAS 123 and ED 121. Establishing a DL connection may require establishing and configuring multiple DL tunnels and DL SFCs from DWAS 123 or another server in CN 128 to different NFs to support DL data flows from DWAS 123 (the server in DN 129) to ED 121. Establishing a DL connection may involve providing DWAS 123 or DPGW 112 or both with packet filter sets to classify DL data packets into multiple DL data flows. Establishing the DL connection may also involve providing DPGW 112 with SFC header information (e.g., a SFC ID, an ID of a source NF, an ID of a destination NF, packet processing instructions, packet handling instructions) to add to DL data packets of the DL data flows that require in-network data processing. A last network function of a SFC of a respective DL data flow may be instructed to remove the SFC header information. Establishing the DL connection may also involve providing the last network function of the SFC of the DL data flow with a destination address (e.g., the ED 121 address) to send processed DL data packets to.
[0036] In some embodiments of this disclosure, and referring again to FIG. 1, MN 131 may provide sensing capabilities to sense the environment, detect objects, track objects’ movement and actions. MN 131 may provide functionalities to collect sensing data, process sensing data, and convert real world (RW) data to a format of digital world (DW) data to be used by DW applications. MN 131 may be (conceptually, practically, or both) divided into AN 127 and CN 128. FIG. 1 shows a network system architecture with AN 127 and CN 128 supporting DW functions. The functions of AN 127 and CN 128 supporting DW functionalities are collectively called network for digital world (NET4DW) 124.
[0037] ED 121 may be equipped with or operatively coupled to sensors such as video cameras, lidars, radars, audio sensors, gyroscope sensors, location estimation sensors, environmental sensors to collect user information, user input and behavior, other users’ information, other nearby object’s information, and environment information of environment 119. ED 121 may also have or be operatively coupled to actuators to provide control functionalities, and control devices such as video displays, lighting, speakers, mechanical devices, robots. ED 121 may have computational resources such as microprocessor chips, memory devices, storage devices, and input / output interfaces. ED 121 may also have a wired interface to connect with other devices and mobile networks, a wireless interface and a radio management to connect with MN 131 directly or indirectly. If ED 121 is connected to AN 127 through a user equipment (UE) , the UE may have applications to support ED 121. For example, the UE may transparently forward data received from ED 121 via the AN 127 and CN 128 to DWAS 123. In another example, ED 121 may send uncompressed video data captured by a video camera of ED 121 to the UE, for video compression. Then the UE may send the compressed video to DWAS 123. The UE may convert the RW sensor 117 data captured by ED 121 to a DW data format required by DWAS 123. The UE may also convert DW actuator commands to RW actuator commands that are usable by the actuators of ED 121. DWAS 123 may provide to ED 121 application services including computing resources (processing resources) .
[0038] AN 127 may have one or more transmitters (Tx) and receivers (Rx) , collectively shown as Tx / Rx component 114, sensors 117, and functions to support data transmission, reception, and services. Tx component 114 may transmit radio signals to UEs and DW terminals. The radio signals may carry data packets for the UEs and DW terminals. The radio signals may also carry sensing signals to detect other UEs, objects, humans, movement, change of environment, and other information. Rx component 114 may receive radio signal transmitted by UEs and DW terminals, e.g., ED 121 and the UE. Rx component 114 may also receive the radio signals, sensing signals, or a combination thereof, transmitted by one or more other Tx components, and later reflected from ED 121, the UE, other UEs, other DW terminals, and objects in the environment.
[0039] AN 127 may be equipped with sensors to sense the environment and receive information from the DW terminals and UEs which are operatively coupled to AN 127. The sensors may include radars, lidars, video cameras, audio recorder, still cameras, thermal sensors, infrared sensors, wind sensor, gyroscope, location estimation sensors (e.g. GPS device) , other environmental sensors. AN 127 may also be equipped with RW actuators 118 to interact with the environment. The RW actuators 118 may be machine controllers such as light switches, room temperature controllers, robots, video displays like smart phone screens and head-mounted display devices, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) glasses, audio player, public announcement and screen. In some embodiments, by integrating sensors and actuators into the MN (e.g., in AN 127 as shown here) , the sensors and actuators may support multiple DW applications as required, for example concurrently. This may lead to a more ready or effective delivery of DW applications because each user may not need to provide their own sensors and actuators. Furthermore, the sensors and actuators can be more closely integrated into the MN to facilitate improved operation, compatibility, management, and the like.
[0040] AN 127 may have localization function (LF) 115 to coordinate operation of Tx / Rx units, including the Tx / Rx 114. LF 115 provides estimation of location of ED 121, UE, humans, animals, birds, vehicles, flying objects, any other objects.
[0041] In various embodiments, AN 127 may also have Sensing Function (SF) 116 to coordinate operation of the sensors 117 of AN 127. SF 116 may collect sensor data from the sensors 117 and send the sensor data to other functions, integrated in CN 128, for further processing. AN 127 may have more functions to support other tasks such as radio transmission scheduling. In some embodiments, the SF also coordinates operation of additional sensors not part of but operatively coupled to the MN.
[0042] Functions, integrated in CN 128, may be arranged into CN control plane (CNCP) 125 functions and CN data plane (CNDP) 126 functions. CNCP 125 functions control operation of MN 131 and user devices connected to MN 131 such as ED 121. CNDP 126 functions process and transmit data generated or collected by the users, UEs, DWTs, application servers, and MN 131.
[0043] CNCP 125 functions may include Connection Management Function (CMF) 101. CMF 101 may manage access of ED 121 (or the UE) to MN 131. CMF 101 may also manage location data of ED 121. CNCP 125 may also include Session Management Function (SMF) 102 to manage DW application sessions between EDs and application servers; Control Plane Gateway Function (CPGW) 108 to provide an interface between the network functions of CNCP 125 and functions outside MN 131; Authorization Function (AuF) 105 to provide authorization for EDs and UEs to access MN services; Policy Function (PF) 104 to provide policies for managing MN 131 and ED 121; Location Management Function (LMF) 106 to manage location services of MN 131, such as tracking mobility, positioning of the EDs and UEs, positioning of the objects in the environment; and Digital World Support Function (DWSF) 107 to support DW applications hosted in DN 129. The DW applications may be hosted in DWAS 123. DWAS 123 together with other DW application servers defines DW node (DWN) 130. A DW application, hosted in DWAS 123, may have connections with other DW applications in one or more other application servers, hosted in DN 129, or in another data network, or a combination thereof. DWSF 107 may select and configure other functions, in response to a request, to support a DW application session as directed by a digital world controller (DWC) .
[0044] In various embodiments, Network Entity Repository (NER) 132 keeps a database of all network entities in AN 127, CN 128, and DN 129. Each network entity (NE) may have a network entity profile stored in NER 132, including network functions in the control plane (CP) and data plane (DP) and other network devices, such as sensors, actuators, UEs, and routers. The network entities tracked by NER 132 may include sensors 117 and actuators 118, ED 121, Tx / Rx 114, any NF of AN 127 and CN 128, DWC 122, and DWAS 123. Each network entity in AN 127, CN 128, and DN 129 may send a NE profile request to NER 132 to get NE profile information about other network entities. NER 132 may send a NE profile response to the requestor with such information. The network entity-requestor may select one or more NEs on the base of information provided by NER 132 in its NE profile response. In some implementations, the network entity-requestor may use support of NER 132 to discover and select a network entity in a mobile network domain or an application server in the data network domain.
[0045] Data Storage Function (DSF) 103 may manage storage of MN 131 data such as user (for example, ED 121) subscription data, user and network policies, application data, analytical data related to ED 121 and NFs, network operation and network slice data.
[0046] A Compute Resource Management Function (CRMF) may belong to a Compute Management Plane (CMP) or CNCP. CRMF may manage computing resources (processing resources) in the mobile network. CRMF may be selected based on the network slice information, e.g., a data network name (DNN) , single –network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) , and an application identifier number (ID) .
[0047] Functions of CNDP 126 may include Location Data Processing Function (LDPF) 109 to process location data and sensing data sent from AN 127 or other sources; Real World to Digital World Adaptation Function (R2DAF) 110 to perform a real-to-digital data adaptation task (For example, real world (RW) sensor data, received from AN 127, may be converted to digital world (DW) format by R2DAF 110) ; and Digital World to Real World Adaptation Function (D2RAF) 111 to perform a digital-to-real data adaptation task. CNDP 126 may also include Data Plane Gate Way (DPGW) 112 to provide a data transfer interface between MN 131 and other data networks, including DNs that host DW applications. DPGW 112 may be a network-application gateway function, a gateway interface for both a mobile network (e.g., MN 131) and an operator application network (e.g., DN 129) . DPGW 112 may support DNS queries to local DNS servers, a firewall for DN 129, a mobile anchor point, and a terminal tunnel to AN 127.
[0048] There may be multiple instances of the one network function (NF) . Each NF instance may be selected to serve to one or more DW applications. In this way, the same network infrastructure (potentially with sensing devices, actuator devices, or both) may serve multiple DW applications. R2DAF 110 may receive and convert RW sensor data into digital world information and forward this information toward a DWAS 123. D2RAF 111 may operate to receive and convert information from DWAS 123 into actuator commands and forward these commands toward appropriate actuators.
[0049] In some embodiments a DW application may transfer DW configuration information to MN 131. For example, the DW application may transfer to MN 131 artificial intelligence (AI) (or machine learning (ML) ) model information to detect RW objects. The AI model may be represented by an AI model ID. The AI model includes neuron network parameters. The AI model may be used to process different types of sensor data such as video data, audio data, sensor data, text data, provided by a radio transceiver, a video camera, sound sensors, a LIDAR, a radar, or other types of sensors. Each DW object may represent a RW object, identified by a DW object ID. The DW object may represent a human or a thing, e.g., a passenger vehicle, a bus, a table, a traffic sign, etc. A human may be represented in the DW application by an avatar. The DW object characteristics may include a list of parameters. For example, the human DW object characteristics may include one or more of following parameters: hair color, eye color, hairstyle, glassware, a list of 3D photos showing the face at different angles, etc. Each RW object may be converted to a DW object. A RW object may be detected through analyzing sensor data. The real world to digital world (R2D) data adaptation information provides a mapping between the RW object and its RW features to the DW object and its DW object characteristics. The DW application may also transfer to the mobile network RW actuator information. The RW actuator information may include one or more of the following: DW application ID, external actuator ID, actuator address (e.g., IP address and port number, Ethernet address) , types of actuators, and QoS parameters. DWAS 123 point of entry indicates where MN 131 may send ED and UE data to DWAS 123. For example, DWAS 123 point of entry may be an Internet exchange point (IXP) , an IP address, a port number, an Ethernet address, or a combination thereof.
[0050] In some embodiments of this disclosure DWSF 107 or DWAS 123 may notify ED 121 about a DW application session by sending to ED 121 a DW application session ID. For example, DWSF 107 may send a control plane message with the DW application session ID via CMF 101. Following receipt of the control plane message with the DW application session ID, ED 121 may request to establish a DW application session by sending an DW application session establishment request (with the DW application session ID) to a NF of MN 131. A NF, such as SMF 102, may be selected to receive the DW application session establishment request. Responsive to receipt of the DW application session establishment request, SMF 102 may configure network functions (NFs) of CNDP 126 (or a user plane such as in a 5G network) and other network entities, communicatively coupled to CNDP 126, to connect AN 127 with DPGW 112 and in-network data processing functions (such as LDPF 109, R2DAF 110, and D2RAF 111) . Accordingly, at least one NF of at least one UL SFC may be configured by SMF 102 to process one or more UL data packets according to the DW application ID and a data processing ID of at least one NF of at least one UL SFC. The at least one NF of the at least one UL SFC may be further configured to send one or more processed UL data packets to a next NF in the at least one UL SFC. A last NF in the at least one UL SFC may be also configured to send the one or more processed UL data packets to DWAS 123. At least one NF of at least one DL SFC may be configured by SMF 102 to process one or more DL data packets according to the DW application ID and a data processing ID of the at least one NF of the at least one DL SFC. The at least one NF of the at least one DL SFC may be further configured to send one or more processed DL data packets to a next NF in the at least one DL SFC. A last NF of the at least one DL SFC may be also configured to send the one or more processed DL data packets to ED 121. Prior to configuring the NFs and network entities of CNDP 126, SMF 102 may request and receive DW application session information from DSF 103 or DWSF 107. DW application session information request from SMF 102 may include the DW application session ID, information of DWC 122, and information of DWAS 123. The information of DWC 122 may include one or more of ID of DWC 122. The information of DWAS 123 may include one or more of ID of DWAS 123, address information of DWAS 123 (such as a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) , IP address and port number of DWAS 123) , information of entry point of DWAS 123.
[0051] In some embodiments, SMF 102 may discover DWSF 107 by requesting and receiving from NER 132 DWSF profile information. The SMF 102 request for the DWSF profile information may include the DW application session ID, the ID of DWC 122, and the entry point of DWAS 123.
[0052] To support the DW application session, SMF 102 may configure ED 121 and provide it with at least one Data Flow ID and at least one uplink (UL) packet filter. UL packet filters are used to map UL data packets to Data Flows. The UL data packets may be processed either in MN 131, such as in CN 128, or outside MN 131. SMF 102 may also provide ED 121 with an in-network data processing (INDP) indication that a Data Flow carries UL packets to be processed at the local data processing functions. The INDP indication may be an ID of a service function chain (SFC) . ED 121 may also map UL data packets to the UL Data Flows. For the UL data packets to be processed in the network, ED 121 may add the INDP indication to the UL data packets in the UL Data Flow.
[0053] FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a system supporting a DW application session. The diagram of FIG. 2 may be viewed as a simplified version of FIG. 1, while also showing, via arrows, flows of information relevant to embodiments of the present disclosure. UL data flows from ED 121 are sent to DWAS 123 directly (when there is no requirement for in-network processing) or through NET4DW 124 to uphold in-network processing of these UL data flows. For example, UL data flow 203 from ED 121 is sent directly to DWAS 123. UL data flow 204 is sent to DWAS 123 through NET4DW 124 of MN 131. DL data flows from DWAS 123 are sent to ED 121 directly (when there is no requirement for DL data in-network processing) or through NET4DW 124 to provide in-network processing of the DL data flows. For example, DL data flow 205 is sent from DWAS 123 to ED 121 through NET4DW 124 as this DL data flow requires in-network processing. DL data flow 206 is sent from DWAS 123 directly to ED 121 bypassing NET4DW 124 in MN 131. SMF 102 may provide ED 121 with the address of the first NF in an UL SFC. ED 121 may send the UL data packets to be processed in CN 128 to the provided address of the first NF in the UL SFC. For example, ED 121 may send the UL data packets to UL SFC 201 as shown in FIG. 2.
[0054] SMF 102 may provide UL tunnel information to AN 127. In the UL tunnel information, the UL Data Flows are mapped to the UL tunnels; each of the UL tunnels may transfer UL data packets to DPGW 112 or to NET4DW 124 (an in-network SFC) . AN 127 may forward the UL data packets directly to DPGW 112 or to local data processing NFs of the SFC in CN 128. For some UL Data Flows, SMF 102 may provide SFC headers to AN 127 so that AN 127 may add a respective SFC header (ASFC header may include a SFC ID, an ID of a source NF, an ID of a destination NF, and packet processing instructions) to the UL data packets. Accordingly the AN may be configured to add the SFC headers to UL data packets and to subsequently forward the UL data packets to an NF of a SFC. According to some embodiments, SMF 102 may provide SFC headers to any NF or entity of MN 131 or DN 129. For example, SMF 102 may provide SFC headers to AN 127, LDPF 109, R2DAF 110, D2RAF 111, DPGW 112, and DWAS 123.
[0055] SMF 102 may provide DWAS 123 with an External INDP indication and DL INDP packet filters to facilitate DL data packets mapping to respective Data Flows and processing in the network prior to forwarding the DL data packets to ED 121. Each DL INDP packet filter and each DL packet filter may include one or more DL packet headers with an IP address and a port number of a respective DL tunnel or a respective DL SFC. (Accordingly, each UL INDP packet filter and each UL packet filter may include one or more UL packet header with an IP address and a port number of a respective UL tunnel or a respective UL SFC) . An INDP packet filter may be separate from or integrated with a more general packet filter, if present. DPGW 112 may forward the DL data packets to respective DL Data Flows. DL data packets to be processed in CN 128, may be directed by DPGW 112 to a respective DL tunnel that processes DL data packets. For example, the DL data packets may be directed to DL SFC 202 as shown in FIG. 2. SMF 102 may provide DWAS 123 or DWC 122 with a DL SFC address (e.g., an IP address and a port number of the first NF in the DL SFC) . DWAS 123 may use the DL SFC address as the destination to send the DL data packets to the selected SFC of CN 128. The last NF of the DL SFC may add the ED 121 address (e.g., an IP address and a port number of ED 121) to the processed data and may send the processed DL data packets towards ED 121.
[0056] SMF 102 may configure DPGW 112 or DWAS 123 to map DL Data Flow IDs to DL tunnels. In the downlink, DPGW 112 or DWAS 123 may classify DL data packets to DL tunnels based on the DL packet filters. Accordingly, SMF 102 may configure DWAS 123 or DPGW 112 to cause DWAS 123 or DPGW 112 to add a SFC header of at least one DL SFC to one or more DL data packets and forward the one or more DL data packets to at least one NF of the at least one DL SFC. DPGW 112 or DWAS 123 may forward DL data packets directly to AN 127, or to local data processing NFs of a DL SFC in CN 128. For INDP DL data packets, DPGW 112 or DWAS 123 may add SFC header fields to the DL data packets. The SFC header fields of UL or DL SFC may include one or more of: a SFC ID, an ID of a source NF that sends data packets (e.g. an ID of DPGW 112) , an ID of a destination NF that receives data packets (e.g. an ID of D2RAF 111) , and packet processing instructions. The packet processing instructions may include, for example, instructions to perform a real world-to-digital world data conversion or a digital world-to-real world data conversion.
[0057] Some UL packets may be processed in CN 128. After being processed, the UL data packets may be sent to DPGW 112. DPGW 112 may replace some header fields and then forward the UL data packets to DWAS 123. DPGW 112 may replace some header fields using an UL network address translation (NAT) table for some UL data flows.
[0058] DWC 122 of DWAS 123 may send a DW application configuration request to CN 128. Responsive to the DW application configuration request CN 128 may select one or more NFs and create service function chain (SFC) to process the UL data packets, DL data packets, or both, of ED 121. CN 128 may provide the DWC 122 with one or more SFC IDs for each required DW service. For example, a UL SFC 201 processes UL data packets for digital representation of an object and may include LDPF 109 and R2DAF 110 as shown in FIG. 2. In another example, a SFC, denoted as DL SFC 202, processes downlink packets that control the actuators. DL SFC 202 may include D2RAF 111.
[0059] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate a procedure for ED 121 to join a DW application session. At action 300, ED 121 may receive a DW application session configuration message, notifying the ED of the DW application session. The DW application session configuration message may be sent by DWAS 123 or by DWSF 107. DW application session configuration information of the DW application session configuration message may include one or more of the following: a DW application session identifier number (ID) , a DW application ID, and Data Flow information. Accordingly, ED 121 may be configured to receive an indication of availability of a DW application for the DW application session, or the DW application session configuration information, or both. The Data Flow information may contain parameters of more than one Data Flow. Each UL data flow may be presented by one or more of:a UL Data Flow ID, an UL SFC ID, a header of the UL SFC, and respective QoS requirements. Each DL data flow information may include one or more of: a DL Data Flow ID, a DL SFC ID, a header of the DL SFC, respective QoS requirements. The header of the UL SFC may include one or more of: the UL SFC ID, the address of the UL SFC, the DW application ID, and respective packet processing instructions. The header of the DL SFC may include one or more of: the DL SFC ID, the address of the DL SFC, the DW application ID, and respective packet processing instructions. The SFC ID may be an external SFC ID, or an internal SFC ID. DWSF 107 may store a mapping between the external SFC ID and internal SFC ID. Following receipt of the DW application session configuration message, ED 121 may transmit to DWAS 123 or DWSF 107 one or more of an acknowledgment of DW application session information, a consent to process the DW application session data in CN 128 (or a rejection to process the DW application session data in CN 128) . The term “consent” can be replaced with the term “permission” in various embodiments.
[0060] At action 301 ED 121 may send a DW Application Session Establishment Request message to CN 128 via AN 127. The DW Application Session Establishment Request message may include at least a part of the DW application session configuration message (provided by DWAS 123 or DWSF 107) . The message may include one or more of the following: Data network information to identify the data network, e.g., data network name (DNN) , network slice information to identify the network slice of the network, an indication to consent for in-network data processing of DL data packets, or UL data packets, or both, an indication to reject in-network data processing of DL data packets, or UL data packets, or both. The network slice information may include a network slice ID (NSI) , and Single –Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI) . The DW Application Session Establishment Request message may further include Service information to identify the service, provided by DN 129. For example, the service information may include a service ID. The service may be an AI service. The DW Application Session Establishment Request message may further include DW Application information to identify the application provided in DN 129. The DW Application Session Establishment request information may include a DW application ID, an application profile ID, and a DW application session ID. The application may support detection of an object from sensor data. For example, object detection in an image, a video signal, a radio signal, a lidar signal, a radar signal, video and or audio split rendering for augmented reality (AR) , virtual reality (VR) , mixed reality (MR) , digital twin, digital world and metaverse applications. The DW application ID may identify the DW application. The application profile ID may identify the application profile stored in CN 128, for example, in DSF 103. The application profile may also contain a list of parameters for each application. For example, a metaverse application profile may include information indicative of a digital object, such as an avatar, representing the user that is requesting the DW Application Session Establishment. The DW Application Session Establishment Request may also include application requirements, such as description of a video, and image resolution, a bit rate, and an image size. The DW Application Session Establishment Request information may also include one or more of: an ED identifier number (ID) , ED location information and Data Flow Information. The Data Flow Information of the DW Application Session Establishment Request information may include one or more data flow IDs, and QoS requirements for each data flow. The Data Flow Information may also include an ID of at least one UL SFC, or an ID of at least one DL SFC, or both.
[0061] At action 302, AN 127 may forward the DW Application Session Establishment Request message to CMF 101. The message may also include an ED location. The ED location may include one or more of: a cell ID, address of AN 127 (e.g. an IP address of port number of AN 127) , a geographic location (e.g., 2-dimensional (2D) location, 3-dimensional (3D) location) , and a tracking area (TA) ID.
[0062] At action 303a, CMF 101 may send an ED subscription data request to DSF 103. Following receipt of the ED subscription data request, DSF 103 may send an ED subscription response to CMF 101. The response may comprise the ED subscription data.
[0063] At action 303b, CMF 101 may send an ED Connection Policy request message to PF 104 requesting the connection policy for ED 121. PF 104 may send an ED Connection Policy response message back to CMF 101. The ED Connection Policy response message may include one or more of the following: an indication that the ED Connection Policy request is accepted, an indication that the ED Connection Policy request is rejected (providing reasons, or an error code, or both) , and connection policy information. The connection policy information may specify whether ED 121 is allowed to establish a data connection to the computing services (processing services) of CN 128, such as LDPF 109 and R2DAF 110. The connection policy may include a description of SFC in the UL tunnel and DL tunnel to process the UL and DL data packets, respectively.
[0064] At action 303c, if ED 121 is allowed to establish the data connection, CMF 101 may select SMF 102 to provide the data connection for ED 121. CMF 101 may use the information provided by ED 121, the ED location, the ED subscription data to select SMF 102. CMF 101 may send a NE Profile request message to NER 132 to discover SMF instances. The message may include the ED ID, ED location, DW application ID, DW application session ID, and application profile ID. NER 132 may send a NE Profile response message back to CMF 101. The message may contain a list of SMF profiles. CMF 101 may select SMF 102 from the provided SMF profiles. CMF 101 may also select SMF 102 from pre-configured information stored in CMF 101 or accessible by CMF 101.
[0065] At action 304, CMF 101 may send a DW Application Session Establishment Request message to SMF 102. This may be a forwarded version of the message received in action 302, possibly with modification. For example, CMF 101 may include in the request additional ED information received at action 302, for example, the ED location information and the ED ID. The ED location information may be represented by one or more of AN 127 node IDs, AN address, cell IDs, civic addresses, 2D locations, 3D locations, or any identifiers that may be used to identify the location of the radio node that provide wireless or wired connection to ED 121. In some embodiments CMF may include in the request information received at actions 303a, 303b or 303c.
[0066] At action 305a, after receiving the DW Application Session Establishment request message from CMF 101, SMF 102 may request and receive ED Subscription Data from DSF 103. SMF may send an ED Subscription Data request message to DSF 103. The message may include one or more of: the ED ID, the ED location information, DW application session ID, and the ID of the DW application requested by ED 121. DSF 103 may send an ED Subscription Data response to SMF 102. The ED Subscription Data response may include the ED Subscription Data. SMF 102 may use the ED Subscription Data to decide whether ED 121 is allowed to access the requested DW services.
[0067] At action 305b, SMF 102 may send an ED Session Policy request message to PF 104 to request ED Session Policy information. The message may include one of more ED information elements received at action 304 and action 305a. PF 104 may send an ED Session Policy response message to SMF 102. The message may include the ED Session Policy information, and an indication whether ED 121 is allowed to use the requested DW application. The message may also include the SFC information with one or more of the following: a SFC ID, a list of network functions (NFs) in the SFC. The list of NFs in the SFC may specify the order of NFs that will process the data packets. The list of NFs may include the address of each NF in the SFC (e.g., the IP address and the port number) .
[0068] At action 305c, SMF 102 may discover DWSF 107 that can serve the DW application session. SMF 102 may send to NER 132 a NE Profile request message. The message may include the ED ID, the ED location, the DW application session ID, and the DW application ID. NER 132 may use the provided information to get DWSF profiles. NER 132 may send back to SMF 102 a NE Profile response message. The message may include one or more DWSF Profiles. The DWSF profiles may identify in CN 128 all DWSFs and their instances which are available to support the DW application session. The DWSF profiles may also provide parameters of the DWSFs (and their instances) .
[0069] At action 306a, based at least in part on the DWSF Profiles, SMF 102 may select DWSF 107. SMF 102 may send a DW application session information request message to selected DWSF 107. The message may include one or more of the following: the ED ID, the ED location, the DW application ID, the DW application session ID, and SFC ID (s) .
[0070] At action 306b, DWSF 107 may use the information received at action 306a to gather information, relevant to the DW application session. DWSF 107 may send a DW application session information response message to SMF 102. The message may include one or more of the following: an indication of UL SFC, an indication of DL SFC, the SFC ID (s) , the DW Application ID, NF information indicative of NFs in respective SFCs (such as UL SFCs, DL SFCs, or both) , e.g., LDPF information, R2DAF information, D2RAF information, DPGW information, and DWAS information. For each NF the NF information may include one or more of the following: the NF type (e.g. LDPF, R2DAF, D2RAF, DPGW) , the NF ID, SFC ID, SFC position number, NF address information (e.g., the IP address and port number, FQDN, URL) , NF Profile, NF load, and Data Processing ID. The SFC ID indicates the ID of the SFC that the NF belongs to. The SFC position number indicates the position (e.g., position number 1, 2, 3, etc. ) of the NF in the SFC. The Data Processing ID may indicate a processing task to be performed by the NF. For example, the Data Processing ID may indicate a data privacy protection task, where privacy data is removed or encrypted by the NF. In another example, the Data Processing ID may indicate a task to estimate a location of an object from a radio signal, radar signal, video signal, image, or thermal signal.
[0071] In some implementations, SMF 102 may receive from ED 121 at action 304 an indication to consent for in-network data processing (INDP) of DL data packets, or UL data packets, or both. Following receipt of the indication to consent for INDP, SMF 102 may select one or more NFs. For example, SMF 102 may select LDPF 109 and R2DAF 110 to process UL data packets, or D2RAF 111 to process DL data packets.
[0072] In some implementations, SMF 102 may receive from ED 121 at action 304 an indication to reject in-network data processing of DL data packets, or UL data packets, or both. Following receipt of the indication to reject INDP of the DL data packets, or UL data packets, or both, SMF 102 may not select NFs to process DL data packets, or NFs to process UL data packets, or both, accordingly.
[0073] In some implementations, DWSF 107 may not necessarily provide the NF ID of NFs in the SFC. In this case, SMF 102 may send one or more NF profile requests to NER 132 to discover NF instances of UL SFC and DL SFC, based on the NF type described in the SFC information received from the DWSF 107. NER 132 may send one or more NF profile responses to SMF 102, each may contain one or more NF profiles of NF instances, e.g. NF profiles of LDPF, R2DAF, D2RAF, DPGW. SMF 102 may select one or more NF instances from the provided NF profiles to support UL and DL SFCs that are specified by DWSF 107.
[0074] At action 307a, SMF 102 may select DPGW 112 using the DPGW information, provided by DWSF 107 in action 306b or by NER 132, or by a combination thereof. SMF 102 may send a DPGW Data Plane Establishment request message to DPGW 112. The message may include one or more of the following: NF ID of SMF 102 (or SMF 102 ID) , NF ID of DPGW 112 (or DPGW 112 ID) , an ID of a DP session between SMF 102 and DPGW 112, the DW application session ID to indicate the DW application session, requested by ED 121, and Data Flow Information. The Data Flow Information may include one or more of: the Data Flow ID, DL or UL indication, SFC ID, SFC information, SFC header information, QoS parameters, UL and DL packet filters, and UL and DL network address translation (NAT) tables. The QoS parameters may include any combination of QoS group indexes and values. The QoS parameters may be one or more of the following: the average data flow bit rate, maximum data flow bit rate, packet delay budget, and packet loss rate. As an illustrative example, the QoS parameters may include the following values: 10 Mbit / saverage data flow bit rate, 15 Mbit / smaximum data flow bit rate, 50 ms packet delay budget, and 0.1%packet loss rate. The QoS group index may refer to a standardized index that represents a combination of values of QoS parameters.
[0075] In the UL NAT table, one or more of UL SFC flow source address and UL SFC flow destination address (e.g., the IP address and port number) may be assigned to each UL data flow ID or to each respective UL packet filter (s) or to a combination thereof. The UL packet filter may contain one or more source addresses and one or more destination addresses in the packet header. DPGW 112 may check the UL packet header to identify whether the UL packet header fields match an entry in the UL NAT table. If one entry in the UL NAT table is matched, DPGW 112 may replace one or more of source address and destination address in the UL packet header of the UL packets with corresponding one or more of UL SFC flow source address and UL SFC flow destination address, specified in the matched UL NAT table entry.
[0076] In the DL NAT table, one or more of DL SFC flow source address and DL SFC flow destination address (e.g., the IP address and port number) may be assigned to each DL data flow ID or to each respective DL packet filter (s) or to a combination thereof. The DL packet filter may contain one or more source addresses and one or more destination addresses in the packet header. DPGW 112 may check the DL packet header to identify whether the DL packet header fields match an entry in the DL NAT table. If one entry of the DL NAT table is matched, DPGW 112 may replace one or more of source address and destination address in the DL packet header of the DL packets with corresponding one or more of DL SFC flow source address and DL SFC flow destination address, specified in the matched DL NAT table entry.
[0077] The packet filters may include an indication of packet header fields used by DPGW 112 to classify DL data packets (match the DL data packets) to DL Data Flows. The SFC information may include the information of one or more NFs. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, LDPF 109 is an upstream NF sending data packets to the present NF (e.g., R2DAF 110) . Upstream NF information may include the NF ID, and NF address (e.g., the IP address and the port number) . A downstream NF (e.g., R2DAF 110) is a NF that the present NF (e.g., LDPF 109) will send data packets to. Downstream NF information may include the NF ID, NF address information, and tunnel endpoint ID. Accordingly, the terms upstream and downstream are used to indicate ordering of NFs relative to the flow of data. In contrast, the terms uplink and downlink are used to indicate direction of data transmission either toward the DWAS (uplink) , or toward the ED (downlink) .
[0078] DPGW 112 may be connected to more than one SFC. FIG. 2 shows DPGW 112 connected to UL SFC 201 and DL SFC 202. UL SFC 201 processes UL data packets for digital representation of an object. This SFC includes two network functions: LDPF 109 and R2DAF 110. DL SFC 202 processes DL data packets that control actuators and includes one network function: D2RAF 111.
[0079] The upstream and downstream NFs may not necessarily belong to the SFC, for example: AN 127 is an upstream NF to the first NF (LDPF 109) of UL SFC 201. DPGW 112 is a downstream NF to the last NF (R2DAF 110) of UL SFC 201.
[0080] At action 307b, DPGW 112 may assign its resources to support the DW application session. DPGW 112 may send a DPGW Data Plane Establishment response message to SMF 102. The message may include one or more of the following: NF ID of DPGW 112, NF ID of SMF 102, the DP session ID, DW application session ID, upstream tunnel information (e.g., the IP address of DPGW 112, port number, and tunnel endpoint ID (TEID) ) for the Upstream NF (AN 127 and R2DAF 110) to send data packets to the present NF (DPGW 112) .
[0081] At action 308a, SMF 102 may select a NF of the UL SFC, e.g. a R2DAF 110 based on the R2DAF information provided by DWSF 107 at action 306b or by NER 132, or by a combination thereof. SMF 102 may send a R2DAF Data Plane Establishment request message to R2DAF 110 to establish data connections between R2DAF 110 and other NFs, such as LDPF 109 and DPGW 112. The message may include one or more of the following: NF ID of SMF 102, NF ID of R2DAF 110, a DP session ID, DW application ID, DW application session ID, SFC ID, Data Processing ID, and Data Flow information.
[0082] The DW application ID may indicate the requested DW application, e.g., a smart city infrastructure management application, or an autonomous driving application, or a healthcare application. The Data Processing ID may indicate a specific task for the DW application. For example, the real world-to-digital world data conversion task. The Data Flow information may include the parameters as described at action 307a. For R2DAF 110, the upstream NF is LDPF 109, and the downstream NF is DPGW 112. The downstream NF information may include the IP address, port number, and tunnel endpoint ID (TEID) that SMF 102 received at action 307b. The Data Flow information may include the destination address that R2DAF 110 may send UL data packets to after processing. The destination address could be the address of DWAS 123 (e.g., the IP address and the port number) . R2DAF 110 may add the destination address to the UL data packets.
[0083] At action 308b, R2DAF 110 may assign or commit some or all its resources to support the DW application session. R2DAF 110 may send a R2DAF Data Plane Establishment response message to SMF 102. The message may include one or more of: NF ID of R2DAF 110, NF ID of SMF 102, the DP session ID, DW application session ID, upstream tunnel information (e.g., the IP address of R2DAF 110, port number, and tunnel endpoint ID (TEID) ) for the Upstream NF (LDPF 109) to send data packets to the present NF (R2DAF 110) .
[0084] At action 309a, based on the LDPF information (received at action 306b or by NER 132, or by a combination thereof) SMF 102 may select LDPF 109. SMF 102 may send a LDPF Data Plane Establishment request message to the LDPF 109 to establish data connection between AN 127 and LDPF 109. The message may include one or more of the following: DP Session ID, DW application Session ID, SFC ID, DW application ID, Data Processing ID, and Data Flow information. The DW application ID may indicate the requested DW application, e.g., smart city infrastructure management application, an autonomous driving application, or a healthcare application. The Data Processing ID may indicate a specific task for the application. For example, it could be a task to estimate a location of ED 121 location. The Data Flow information may include the parameters as described in action 307a. For LDPF 109, the Upstream NF is AN 127, the downstream NF is R2DAF 110. The downstream NF information may include R2DAF 110’s IP address, port number, and TEID that SMF 102 received at action 308b. The Upstream NF information, i.e. information about AN 127, may include AN 127’s address, e.g. the IP address and the port number.
[0085] At action 309b, LDPF 109 may assign or commit some or all of its resources to process data packets sent from other NFs. LDPF 109 may use the DW application session ID to identify necessary resources to support the DW application session. LDPF 109 may send a LDPF Data Plane Establishment response message to SMF 102. The message may include one or more of: NF ID of LDPF 109, NF ID of SMF 102, the DP Session ID, DW application session ID, upstream tunnel information. The upstream tunnel information may include LDPF 109 information (e.g., the IP address, port number, TEID) for AN 127 to send data packets to.
[0086] At action 310a, SMF 102 may select the D2RAF 111, e.g. out of a plurality of potential D2RAFs, based on the D2RAF information provided by DWSF 107 in action 306b or by NER 132, or by a combination thereof. Following selection, SMF 102 may send to D2RAF 111 a D2RAF Data Plane Establishment request message. The data plane is to connect D2RAF 111 with AN 127 and DPGW 112. The message may include one or more of: NF ID of SMF 102, NF ID of D2RAF 111, DP session ID, DW application session ID, SFC ID, DW Application ID, Data Processing ID, and Data Flow information.
[0087] The DW application ID may indicate the requested DW application, e.g., a smart city infrastructure management application, an autonomous driving application, or a healthcare application. The Data Processing ID may indicate a specific task to be performed by the DW application. For example, it could be a digital world to real world data conversion task. The Data Flow information may include parameters similar to the parameters described in action 307a. For D2RAF 111, the upstream NF is DPGW 112, and the Downstream NF is AN 127. The Upstream NF information may include the DPGW 112 information, e.g. DPGW 112’s address (the IP address and the port number) . The Downstream NF information may include AN 127’s address information (e.g., the IP address and the port number) . The Data Flow information may include the destination address to send DL data packets to after processing. The destination address could be ED 121’s address (e.g., the IP address and port number) . After processing received DL data packets, D2RAF 111 may forward processed DL data packets to a destination address via AN 127.
[0088] At action 310b, D2RAF 111 may assign its resources to process data packets sent from an upstream NF. D2RAF 111 may send to SMF 102 a D2RAF Data Plane Establishment response message. The message may include one or more: NF ID of D2RAF 111, NF ID of SMF 102, the DP session ID, DW application session ID, and Upstream Tunnel information. The Upstream Tunnel information may include the address of D2RAF 111 (e.g., the IP address, port number, and TEID) for DPGW 112 to send data packets to.
[0089] At action 311a, SMF 102 may send to DWAS 123 a DWAS Data Plane Establishment request message to establish a data plan between DPGW 112 and DWAS 123. The message may include one or more of: NF ID of SMF 102, an ID of DWAS 123, a DP session ID, the address of DPGW 112 (e.g., the IP address and the port number) , the packet filters for INDP data flows, and packet filters for other data flows. SMF 102 may send the DWAS Data Plane Establishment request message over the control plane (e.g., via CPGW 108) or over the data plane (e.g., via DPGW 112) .
[0090] At action 311b, DWAS 123 may send to SMF 102 a DWAS Data Plane Establishment response message to acknowledge receipt of the DWAS Data Plane Establishment request message sent at action 311a. The message may contain one or more of: NF ID of DWAS 123, NF ID of SMF 102, DP session ID received at action 311a.
[0091] At action 312, SMF 102 may send to CMF 101 a DW Application Session Establishment response message. The message may include one or more of the following: NF ID of SMF 102, NF ID of CMF 101, AN 127 ID, ED 101 ID, an ED message container to be delivered to ED 121, an AN message container to be delivered to AN 127, and a CMF message container to be delivered to CMF 101.
[0092] The CMF message container may contain one or more of the following: an indication of acceptance of the DW Application Session Establishment request, an indication of rejection of the DW Application Session Establishment request, a DW session ID, the DW Application ID, and the DW application session ID. The DW session ID is created by SMF 102 and it is used to identify the DW application session requested by ED 121.
[0093] The AN message container may include one or more of the following: the DW application session ID, the DW session ID, the NF ID of SMF (SMF ID) , the DW Application ID, and Data Flow Information. The Data Flow Information may include one or more of the following: the Data Flow ID, an indication of UL direction (where, for example, ED 121 sends data packets to AN 127) , an indication of DL direction (where, for example, AN 127 sends data packets to ED 121) , upstream NF Information, downstream NF Information, QoS parameters, the UL SFC information (e.g., UL SFC ID, the ID of the first NF of UL SFC, an IP address and a port number of the first NF in the UL SFC) , DL SFC information (e.g. DL SFC ID, ID of the last NF of DL SFC, IP address and port of the last NF of DL SFC) , and the UL SFC header. The upstream NF Information may be the NF and Tunnel Information that SMF 102 has received at action 307b and 309b for AN 127 to send data packets to DPGW 112 and LDPF 109, respectively. The downstream NF Information may be one or more of the NF ID and Tunnel Information (e.g., the IP address, port number and TEID of DPGW 112, and D2RAF 111 that SMF 102 has received at actions 307b and 310b, respectively) .
[0094] The ED message container may include one or more of the following: an indication of acceptance of the DW Application Session Establishment request, an indication of rejection of the DW Application Session Establishment request, reasons for rejection of the DW Application Session Establishment request, the DW application session ID, the DW session ID, the DW Application ID, and Data Flow Information. The Data Flow Information may include one or more of the following: the Data Flow ID, an indication of the UL Data Flow, an indication of the DL Data Flow, an INDP indication for the UL Data Flow, an INDP indication for the DL Data Flow, a Packet Filter set, the UL SFC IDs and addresses for the UL Data Flow, and the DL SFC IDs and addresses for the DL Data Flow.
[0095] At action 313, following receipt of the DW Application Session Establishment response message from SMF 102, CMF 101 may store the information in the CMF message container, and forward the DW Application session establishment response message with one or more of: NF ID of CMF 101, NF ID of SMF 102, ED 121 ID, AN 127 ID, the AN message container and ED message container to AN 127.
[0096] At action 314, AN 127 may receive the DW Application session establishment response message with the AN message container and the ED message container sent by CMF 101. AN 127 may store the information in the AN message container. If the ED Application Session Establishment request is accepted, AN 127 may assign or commit a part or all its resources to support the DW application session requested by ED 121. Accordingly, following receipt of an indication that the request for establishing a DW application session is accepted, AN 127 may support at least one DL tunnel, or at least one UL tunnel, or both. For example, in some embodiments, following receipt of the indication that the request for establishing the DW application session is accepted, AN 127 may support one or more DL tunnels. In other embodiments, following receipt of the indication, AN 127 may support one or more UL tunnels. In some other embodiments, following receipt of the indication that the request for establishing the DW application session is accepted, AN 127 may support one or more DL tunnels together with one or more UL tunnels. AN 127 may forward the DW Application session establishment response message with the ED message container to ED 121. Following receipt of the DW Application session establishment response message, ED 121 may transmit to DWAS 123 or DWSF 107 a consent to process the DW application session data in CN 128 (or a rejection to process the DW application session data in CN 128) .
[0097] At action 315, AN 127 may send to SMF 102, either directly or via CMF 101, an AN Data Plane Information message. For each Data Flow, the message may include one or more of the following: the Data Flow ID, UL tunnel information, and (for a DL data flow) DL tunnel information (e.g., the IP address, port number, TEID, source NF information of NF that sends DL data packets to AN 127) . The source NF information may include network function IDs of CN 128, e.g., DPGW 112 and D2RAF 111 sending data packets to AN 127, DL SFC ID. SMF 102 may use the SFC NF information to identify corresponding NF, DL SFC, data flow, or any combination of those entities that communicate with AN 127 in the DL.
[0098] At action 316, following receipt of the AN Data Plane Information, CMF 101 may forward the AN Data Plane Information message to SMF 102.
[0099] At action 317a, SMF 102 may receive the AN Data Plane Information message from AN 127. SMF 102 may send a D2RAF Data Plane Modification Request message to D2RAF 111. The message may include one or more of the following: the DP session ID, the DW application session ID, the Data Flow ID, and AN DL Tunnel Information. D2RAF 111 may use the AN DL Tunnel Information to direct data packets of the Data Flow to AN 127.
[0100] At action 317b, D2RAF 111 may send to SMF 102 a D2RAF Data Plane Modification response message to acknowledge receipt of the D2RAF Data Plane Modification Request.
[0101] At action 318a, SMF 102 may receive from AN 127 the AN Data Plane Information message. SMF 102 may send a DPGW Data Plane Modification Request message to DPGW 112. The message may include one or more of the following: the DP Session ID, the DW application session ID, the Data Flow ID, and the AN DL Tunnel Information. DPGW 112 may use the AN DL Tunnel Information to direct data packets of the Data Flow to AN 127.
[0102] At action 318b, DPGW 112 may send to SMF 102 a DPGW Data Plane Modification response message to acknowledge receipt of the DPGW Data Plane Modification Request.
[0103] In some implementations, SMF 102 may generate a respective unique DP session ID to identify communications with DPGW 112 (at action 307a) , R2DAF 110 (at action 308a) , LDPF 109 (at action 309a) , D2RAF 111 (at action 310a) , and with DWAS 123 (at action 311a) . In some other embodiment, SMF 102 may generate the same DP session ID for all communications with the NFs and DWAS 123 at actions 307a, 308a, 309a, 310a, and 311a. In this implementation, SMF 102 may use the DP session ID and a NF ID of a NF that sends a data plane establishment response message (at actions 307b, 308b, 309b, 310b, and 311b) to identify the communications with other NFs.
[0104] In some implementations, SMF 102 may not generate a DP session ID and thus the DP session ID may be omitted in data plane establishment request messages sent out by SMF 102 at actions 307a, 308a, 309a, 310a, and 311a. Each NF (DPGW 112, R2DAF 110, LDPF 109, D2RAF 111) or DWAS 123 may generate a DP session ID and send it to SMF 102 in the data plane establishment response message at actions 307b, 308b, 309b, 310b, and 311b.
[0105] In some implementations, SMF 102 may generate a DW session ID. The DW session ID may be used to identify the data session that ED 121 requests at action 304. The DW session ID may be based at least in part on the DW application session ID and a current status (processing resources availability) of MN 131. SMF 102 may send the DW session ID to other NFs (to DPGW 112 at action 307a, to R2DAF 110 at action 308a, to LDPF 109 at action 309a, to D2RAF 111 at action 310a) , to DWAS 123 at action 311a, and to ED 121 and AN 127 at action 312. Other network entities may send the DW session ID to SMF 102 at action 307b, 308b, 309b, 310b, 311b, 315.
[0106] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate data transmission between ED 121 and DWAS 123 after the DW application session is established between these devices, for example via the procedure of FIG. 3A and 3B.
[0107] At action 401, after receiving the indication of acceptance of the DW Application Session Establishment request (in the DW Application Session Establishment response message e.g. of action 314) , ED 121 may start sending out UL data packets. There may be two types of UL data: (1) UL data that does not need to be (or is not to be) processed in the mobile network, and (2) UL data that needs to be (or is to be) processed in the mobile network. Each type of UL data may be allocated to one or more Data Flows based on the QoS requirements. ED 121 may use the data flow information, such as UL packet filters, UL destination addresses (e.g., the address of the first NF in the UL SFC) , QoS parameters, the INDP indication, provided by SMF 102 to assign UL data packets to suitable UL Data Flows, marked by the Data Flow ID in the packet header. To send data packets to DWAS 123, ED 121 may add the DWAS 123 address as a destination address of the UL data packets in the packet header. For UL data packets to be processed in the mobile network, ED 121 may add the SFC address (e.g., the address of LDPF 109) as a destination address in the packet header.
[0108] At action 402, AN 127 may receive the UL data packets of the Data Flows. AN 127 may classify the UL data packets based on the packet header information, e.g. the Data Flow ID, the destination address, or any combination thereof.
[0109] At action 403a, for the UL Data Flows that are to be forwarded to DPGW 112 without being processed in the mobile network, AN 127 may send this data packets to DPGW 112 over the allocated UL tunnel. The header of these data packets may contain the Data Flow ID, and the tunnel information (e.g., the DPGW 112 IP address, port number, and UL TEID) .
[0110] At action 403b, DPGW 112 may receive the UL data packets. DPGW 112 may remove some header information that was added by AN 127 at action 403a. For example, DPGW 112 may remove the UL Data Flow ID and the UL tunnel information and forward the UL data packets to DWAS 123.
[0111] At action 404, for the Data Flows that are to be processed in the mobile network, AN 127 may update the header information of respective UL data packets. For example, before sending the UL data packets to LDPF 109, AN 127 may update the UL Data Flow ID and the tunnel information (e.g., the LDPF 109 address, port number, and TEID) . AN 127 may also update the SFC header information (e.g., a SFC ID, an ID of a source NF, and ID of a destination NF, packet processing instructions) .
[0112] At action 405, LDPF 109 may collect one or more UL data packets of one or more data flows and process the information in these UL data packets. For example, LDPF 109 may estimate an object’s location from the sensing data provided by ED 121, detect movement of the object, such as movement of a human.
[0113] At action 406, after UL data processing, LDPF 109 may re-packetize the processed information into one or more UL data packets, add header information, such as the Data Flow ID, the address of the next NF in the SFC as a destination address, and tunnel information of the next data processing function in an associated SFC, e.g., R2DAF 110. LDPF 109 may send the processed UL data packets to R2DAF 110.
[0114] At action 407, R2DAF 110 may receive one or more UL data packets from LDPF 109. R2DAF 110 may further process the data, for example, by converting the real world data, collected by the sensors of ED 121 to the digital data format that can be used by DWAS 123. R2DAF 110 may also perform 3D scene rendering.
[0115] At action 408a, after processing the data, R2DAF 110 may re-packetize processed data, add UL packet headers, and send the processed UL data packets to DWAS 123 directly, or via the DPGW 112. The UL packet header may include the source address (the address of the last NF in the SFC, which in this embodiment is R2DAF 110) , the destination address (e.g. the address of DWAS 123 or the address of DPGW 112) , and the tunnel header. The tunnel header may include the DPGW 112 address and TEID.
[0116] At action 408b, DPGW 112 may receive the UL data packets from R2DAF 110. DPGW 112 may remove some header fields such as the tunnel header information, SFC header, and forward the data packet to DWAS 123. If the UL packet header fields match an entry in the UL NAT table, DPGW 112 may perform network address translation (NAT) for the respective UL data packets. For example, DPGW 112 may replace the destination address of the UL data packet, which may be the address of DPGW 112 in this embodiment, with the address of DWAS 123. In another example, DPGW 112 may replace the source address of the UL data packet, which may be the address of R2DAF 110 in this embodiment, with the UL SFC flow source address.
[0117] At action 409, DWAS 123 may send DL data packets to ED 121 via DPGW 112.
[0118] At action 410, DPGW 112 may classify the received DL data packets into DL data flows by using header information of the received packets. The DL data packets are assigned to one or more DL Data Flows. DPGW 112 may add header fields such as the Data Flow ID, tunnel header fields, and SFC header (e.g., an SFC ID, an ID of a source NF, an ID of a destination NF, and packet processing instruction) . If the DL packet header fields match an entry in the DL NAT table, DPGW 112 may perform network address translation (NAT) for the respective DL data packets. For example, DPGW 112 may replace the destination address of the DL data packet, which may be the address of DPGW 112 or ED 121 as in this embodiment, with the address of D2RAF 111. In another example, DPGW 112 may replace the source address of the DL data packet, which may be the address of DWAS 123 as in this embodiment, with the DL SFC flow source address. Similarly to action 402, the classification can classify packets into packets which are to be subjected to in-network data processing, and packets which are not to be subjected to in-network data processing.
[0119] At action 411a, some data flows, that may not require in-network data processing, may be sent directly to AN 127.
[0120] At action 411b, AN 127 may receive DL data packets and may remove some header fields of the received DL data packets, for example tunnel header fields. AN 127 may send the DL data packets to ED 121.
[0121] As mentioned above, some data flows may be designated for in-network data processing. At action 412, DPGW 112 may send the DL data packets of these data flows to D2RAF 111.
[0122] At action 413, D2RAF 111 may process the DL data packets. For example, D2RAF 111 may convert the format of the data sent from DWAS 123 to another format that could be read by actuators in ED 121. In another example, D2RAF 111 may render 3D scenes or audio that are to be consumed by ED 121. Although not shown, further NFs in a DL SFC can be used to further process the DL data packets.
[0123] At action 414a, D2RAF 111 may packetize the processed DL data, add a packet header and a tunnel header. D2RAF 111 may send the DL data packets to AN 127.
[0124] The packet header may include a source address and a destination address. The source address may be the address of the last NF of the DL SFC (e.g., the address of D2RAF 111) , or the address of DWAS 123 (e.g., a separate IP address of the port number of DWAS 123) . The destination address may be AN 127 address or ED 121 address.
[0125] At action 414b, AN 127 may receive the DL data packets from D2RAF 111. Following receipt of the DL data packets AN 127 may remove some header fields of the received DL data packets, such as tunnel header fields. AN 127 may replace the destination address, which may be AN 127 address in this embodiment, of the packet header with the address of ED121. AN 127 may forward the DL data packets to ED 121.
[0126] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 500 that may perform any or all of operations of the above methods and features explicitly or implicitly described herein, according to different embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a computer equipped with network function may be configured as an electronic device 500. Such an electronic device may be used as part of one or more of: a controller, an edge server, a processing device, a bounding region module, an AV, a road side unit (RSU) , etc. Multiple such devices networked together may be used to perform operations as described herein. Networked computing devices can host various functions as described herein, and may employ network function virtualization or similar technology to facilitate such hosting. Other network infrastructure devices, such as base stations, eNBs, gNBs, components of distributed base stations, eNBs or gNBs, access points, or the like, may also be employed. More generally, an apparatus employing networking and computing functions may be configured to operate one of more of the functions as described herein (e.g., DWSF, D2RAF, R2DAF, etc. ) . Sensors and actuators can be operated by such an apparatus.
[0127] As shown, the device includes processor 501, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or specialized processors such as a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) or other such processor unit, memory 504, non-transitory mass storage 502, I / O interface 505, network interface 503, and transceiver 506, all of which are communicatively coupled via bi-directional bus 507. According to certain embodiments, any or all of the depicted elements may be utilized, or only a subset of the elements. Further, electronic device 500 may contain multiple instances of certain elements, such as multiple processors, memories, or transceivers. Also, elements of the hardware device may be directly coupled to other elements without the bi-directional bus. Additionally or alternatively to a processor and a memory, other processing electronics, such as application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, digital circuitry, analog circuitry, or the like, or a combination thereof may be employed for performing the required logical operations. Each integrated circuit may include one or more of semiconductor chips, and semiconductor chiplets.
[0128] Memory 504 may include any type of non`-transitory memory such as static random access memory (SRAM) , dynamic random access memory (DRAM) , synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , any combination of such, or the like. Mass storage element 502 may include any type of non-transitory storage device, such as a solid state drive, hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, USB drive, or any computer program product configured to store data and machine executable program code. According to certain embodiments, memory 504 or mass storage 502 may have recorded thereon statements and instructions executable by processor 501 for performing any of the aforementioned method operations described above.
[0129] It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the technology. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as an illustration of the invention as defined by the appended claims, and are contemplated to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the present invention. In particular, it is within the scope of the technology to provide a computer program product or program element, or a program storage or memory device such as a magnetic or optical wire, tape or disc, or the like, for storing signals readable by a machine, for controlling the operation of a computer according to the method of the technology or to structure some or all of its components in accordance with the system of the technology.
[0130] Acts associated with the method described herein can be implemented as coded instructions in a computer program product. In other words, the computer program product is a computer-readable medium upon which software code is recorded to execute the method when the computer program product is loaded into memory and executed on the microprocessor of the wireless communication device.
[0131] Further, each operation of the method may be executed on any computing device, such as a personal computer, server, PDA, or the like and pursuant to one or more, or a part of one or more, program elements, modules or objects generated from any programming language, such as C++, Java, or the like. In addition, each operation, or a file or object or the like implementing each said operation, may be executed by special purpose hardware or a circuit module designed for that purpose.
[0132] Through the descriptions of the preceding embodiments, the present invention may be implemented by using hardware only or by using software and a necessary universal hardware platform. Based on such understandings, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product. The software product may be stored in a non-volatile or non-transitory storage medium, which can be a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM) , USB flash disk, or a removable hard disk. The software product includes a number of instructions that enable a computer device (personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention. For example, such an execution may correspond to a simulation of the logical operations as described herein. The software product may additionally or alternatively include number of instructions that enable a computer device to execute operations for configuring or programming a digital logic apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
[0133] Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it is evident that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as an illustration of the invention as defined by the appended claims, and are contemplated to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.A session management function (SMF) apparatus supporting a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) , the SMF apparatus comprising processing electronics, integrated into infrastructure of a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) , and configured to:receive DW application session establishment request information;based at least in part on the DW application session establishment request information, select one or more network functions (NFs) from a plurality of NFs integrated into infrastructure of the CN; andrequest and receive DW application session information,wherein the DW application session information includes an indication of one or more uplink (UL) service function chain (SFC) , or an indication of one or more downlink (DL) SFC, or both,wherein the DW application session information includes one or more of: NF information indicative of each NF in the one or more UL SFC; and NF information indicative of each NF in the one or more downlink (DL) SFC,wherein the one or more NFs includes the each NF in the one or more UL SFC, or the each NF in the one or more DL SFC, or both,wherein the ED, the DWAS, and the MN are communicatively connected, the DWAS is configured to provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS, andwherein the DW application session uses data packet processing in the CN.2.The SMF apparatus of claim 1, further configured to:based at least in part on the DW application session establishment request information and the DW application session information, configure or initiate configuration of the one or more UL SFC and at least one UL tunnel between the ED and a DWAS,wherein the at least one UL tunnel is located at least in part in the CN.3.The SMF apparatus of claim 1 or claim 2, further configured to:based at least in part on the DW application session establishment request information and the DW application session information, configure or initiate configuration of the one or more DL SFC and at least one DL tunnel between the DWAS and the ED,wherein the at least one DL tunnel is located at least in part in the CN.4.The SMF apparatus of claim 1,wherein at least a portion of the DW application session establishment request information is provided by the DWAS or by a DW support function (DWSF) configured to support the DW application session;wherein one or more UL data packets of DW application session data are transmitted through the at least one UL tunnel and processed in the CN before being delivered to the DWAS, andwherein one or more DL data packets of the DW application session data are transmitted through the at least one DL tunnel and processed in the CN before being delivered to the ED.5.The SMF apparatus of claim 1 or claim 4, wherein the DW application session establishment request information includes one or more of:a DW application identifier number (ID) ,a DW application session ID,an ED ID,ED location information,an ID of the one or more UL SFC,a SFC header of the one or more UL SFC,an ID of the one or more DL SFC, anda SFC header of the one or more DL SFC.6.The SMF apparatus of claim 5,wherein the SFC header of the one or more UL SFC includes one or more of: an address of the one or more UL SFC and UL packet processing instructions, andwherein the SFC header of the one or more DL SFC includes one or more of: an address of the one or more DL SFC and DL packet processing instructions.7.The SMF apparatus of claim 2, wherein said configuring or initiating configuration of the one or more UL SFC and the at least one UL tunnel includes:configuring an access network (AN) portion of the MN to cause the AN to add a SFC header of the one or more UL SFC to one or more UL data packets and to forward the one or more UL data packets to at least one NF of the one or more UL SFC;configuring the at least one NF of the one or more UL SFC to process the one or more UL data packets according to a DW application ID and a data processing ID of the at least one NF of the one or more UL SFC and to send one or more processed UL data packets to a next NF in the one or more UL SFC;configuring a last NF in the one or more UL SFC to send the one or more processed UL data packets to the DWAS, andcommunicating to the ED an indication that the at least one NF of the one or more UL SFC is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data.8.The SMF apparatus of claim 3, wherein said configuring or initiating configuration of the one or more DL SFC and the at least one DL tunnel includes:configuring the DWAS or a data plane gateway (DPGW) to cause the DWAS or the DPGW to add a SFC header of the one or more DL SFC to one or more DL data packets and forward the one or more DL data packets to at least one NF of the one or more DL SFC;configure the at least one NF of the one or more DL SFC to process the one or more DL data packets according to a DW application ID and a data processing ID of the at least one NF of the one or more DL SFC, and send one or more processed DL data packets to a next NF of the one or more DL SFC;configuring a last NF of the one or more DL SFC to send the one or more processed DL data packets to an ED address; andcommunicating to the ED an indication that the at least one NF of the one or more DL SFC is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data.9.The SMF apparatus of claim 8, wherein the DPGW provides a data transfer interface between the MN and the DWAS.10.An electronic device (ED) to support a digital world (DW) application session between the ED and a DW application server (DWAS) , the ED comprising processing electronics and configured to:receive one or more of: an indication that a DW application is available for use in the DW application session and DW application session configuration information, wherein the DW application session uses data packet processing in a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) ;request one or more uplink (UL) tunnel between the ED and the DWAS, or one or more downlink (DL) tunnel between the DWAS and the ED, or both; andreceive an indication that at least one network function (NF) of the CN is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data;wherein the ED, the DWAS, and the MN are communicatively connected, the DWAS is configured to provide the DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS,wherein the DW application session configuration information is for use by the ED in configuring the DW application session, andwherein the one or more UL tunnel and the one or more DL tunnel are located at least in part in the CN.11.The ED of claim 10, further configured to transmit a consent to process the DW application session data in the CN or a rejection to process the DW application session data in the CN.12.The ED of claim 11, further configured to:following said transmission of the consent to process the DW application session data in the CN,send one or more UL data packets of the DW application session data through the one or more UL tunnel, the one or more UL data packets are processed in the CN before being delivered to the DWAS, orreceive one or more DL data packets of the DW application session data through the one or more DL tunnel, the one or more UL data packets are processed in the CN before being delivered to the ED, or both.13.The ED of claim 10,wherein the DW application session configuration information, and the indication that the DW application is available for use in the DW application session are provided by the DWAS or by a DW support function (DWSF) configured to support the DW application session.14.The ED of claim 10 or claim 13, wherein the DW application session configuration information includes one or more of:a DW application identifier number (ID) ,a DW application session ID,an ID of at least one UL service function chain (SFC) ,a SFC header of the at least one UL SFC,an ID of at least one DL SFC, anda SFC header of the at least one DL SFC.15.The ED of claim 14,wherein the SFC header of the at least one UL SFC includes one or more of: an address of the at least one UL SFC, and UL packet processing instructions; andwherein the SFC header of the at least one DL SFC includes one or more of: an address of the at least one DL SFC, and DL packet processing instructions.16.The ED of claim 14 further configured toreceive an ED message container, the ED message container includes one or more of:a set of packet filters,an indication that an DW application session establishment request is accepted,an indication that the DW application session establishment request is rejected,an ID of an endpoint of the one or more UL tunnel,an ID of an endpoint of the one or more DL tunnel ,an address of the at least one UL SFC, andan address of the at least one DL SFC.17.An access network (AN) apparatus to support a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) , the AN apparatus comprising processing electronics and configured to:receive an indication that a request for establishing a DW application session is accepted, the DW application session making use of data packet processing in a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) ; andfollowing receipt of the indication, support one or more of: at least one downlink (DL) tunnel and at least one uplink (UL) tunnel;wherein said support of the at least one UL tunnel includes adding a service function chain (SFC) header of at least one UL SFC to one or more UL data packets and forwarding the one or more UL data packets to at least one network function (NF) of the at least one UL SFC, andwherein the ED, the DWAS, the CN, and the AN apparatus are communicatively connected, the AN apparatus being a part of an AN portion of the MN, and the DWAS is configured to provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS.18.The AN apparatus of claim 17, further configured to receive one or more of: DW application session establishment request information, and an AN message container,wherein the DW application session establishment request information includes one or more of:a DW application identifier number (ID) ,a DW application session ID,an ED ID,ED location information,an ID of the at least one UL SFC,the SFC header of the at least one UL SFC;an ID of at least one DL SFC, anda SFC header of the at least one DL SFC.19.The AN apparatus of claim 18,wherein the SFC header of the at least one UL SFC includes one or more of: the ID of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one UL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one UL SFC, , and UL packet processing instructions; andwherein the SFC header of the at least one DL SFC includes one or more of: the ID of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a source NF of the at least one DL SFC, an ID of a destination NF of the at least one DL SFC, and DL packet processing instructions.20.A system to support a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) , the system comprising the ED, an access network (AN) apparatus, a session management function (SMF) apparatus, and the DWAS; the AN apparatus being integrated into infrastructure of an AN portion of a mobile network (MN) and the SMF apparatus being integrated into infrastructure of a core network (CN) portion of the MN; the ED and the DWAS are communicatively connected to the MN and therefor communicatively connected to the AN apparatus, the SMF apparatus and to each other, wherein:the DWAS comprises processing electronics and is configured to:provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS, andsend to the ED one or more of: an indication that the DW application is available for use in the DW application session and DW application session configuration information,wherein the DW application session configuration information is for use by the ED in configuring the DW application session, and the DW application session uses data packet processing in the CN,the ED comprises processing electronics and is configured to:receive one or more of: the indication that the DW application is available for use in the DW application session and the DW application session configuration information;request one or more uplink (UL) tunnel between the ED and the DWAS or one or more downlink (DL) tunnel between the DWAS and the ED or both; andreceive an indication that at least one network function (NF) of the CN is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data;wherein the one or more UL tunnel and the one or more DL tunnel are located at least in part in the CN,the SMF apparatus comprises processing electronics and is configured to:receive DW application session establishment request information;based at least in part on the DW application session establishment request information, select from a plurality of network functions (NFs) integrated into infrastructure of the CN one or more NFs; andrequest and receive DW application session information,wherein the DW application session information includes an indication of one or more UL service function chain (SFC) , or an indication of one or more DL SFC, or both,wherein the DW application session information includes one or more of: NF information indicative of each NF in the one or more UL SFC and NF information indicative of each NF in the one or more DL SFC, andwherein the one or more NFs includes the each NF in the one or more UL SFC, or the each NF in the one or more DL SFC, or both,the AN apparatus comprises processing electronics and is configured to:receive an indication that a DW application session establishment request is accepted; andfollowing receipt of the indication, support one or more of: the one or more DL tunnel and the one or more UL tunnel;wherein said support of the one or more UL tunnel includes adding a SFC header of the one or more UL SFC to one or more UL data packets and forwarding the one or more UL data packets to at least one NF of the one or more UL SFC.21.A method to support a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) , the method comprising:by a session management function (SMF) integrated into infrastructure of a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) :receiving DW application session establishment request information;based at least in part on the DW application session establishment request information, selecting one or more network functions (NFs) from a plurality of NFs integrated into the infrastructure of the CN; andrequesting and receiving DW application session information,wherein the DW application session information includes an indication of one or more uplink (UL) service function chain (SFC) , or an indication of one or more downlink (DL) SFC, or both,wherein the DW application session information includes one or more of: NF information indicative of each NF in the one or more UL SFC; or NF information indicative of each NF in the one or more DL SFC,wherein the one or more NFs includes the each NF in the one or more UL SFC, or the each NF in the one or more DL SFC, or both,wherein the ED, the DWAS, and the MN are communicatively connected,wherein the DW application session uses data packet processing in the CN, andthe DWAS is configured to provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DW DWAS.22.The method of claim 21 further comprising:based at least in part on the DW application session establishment request information and the DW application session information, configuring or initiating configuration of the one or more UL SFC and at least one UL tunnel between the ED and a DWAS,wherein the at least one UL tunnel is located at least in part in the CN.23.The method of claim 21 or claim 22 further comprising:based at least in part on the DW application session establishment request information and the DW application session information, configuring or initiating configuration of the one or more DL SFC and at least one DL tunnel between the DWAS and the ED,wherein the at least one DL tunnel is located at least in part in the CN.24.The method of claim 21,wherein at least a portion of the DW application session establishment request information is provided by the DWAS or by a DW support function (DWSF) configured to support the DW application session.25.The method of claim 21,wherein one or more UL data packets of DW application session data are transmitted through at least one UL tunnel and processed in the CN before being delivered to the DWAS, andwherein one or more DL data packets of the DW application session data are transmitted through at least one DL tunnel and processed in the CN before being delivered to the ED.26.A method to support a digital world (DW) application session between the ED and a DW application server (DWAS) , the method comprising:by an electronic device (ED) :receiving one or more of: an indication that a DW application is available for use in the DW application session or DW application session configuration information for use by the ED in configuring the DW application session, wherein the DW application session uses data packet processing in a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) ;requesting one or more uplink (UL) tunnel between the ED and the DWAS, or one or more downlink (DL) tunnel between the DWAS and the ED, or both; andreceiving an indication that at least one network function (NF) of the CN is configured to process at least a portion of DW application session data;wherein the ED, the DWAS, and the MN are communicatively connected, the DWAS is configured to provide the DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS, andwherein the one or more UL tunnel and the one or more DL tunnel are located at least in part in the CN.27.The method of claim 26 further comprising:transmitting a consent to process the DW application session data in the CN or a rejection to process the DW application session data in the CN.28.The method of claim 27, further comprising:following said transmission of the consent to process the DW application session data in the CN,sending one or more UL data packets of the DW application session data through the one or more UL tunnel, the one or more UL data packets are processed in the CN before being delivered to the DWAS, orreceiving one or more DL data packets of the DW application session data through the one or more DL tunnel, the one or more UL data packets are processed in the CN before being delivered to the ED, or both.29.A method to support a digital world (DW) application session between an electronic device (ED) and a DW application server (DWAS) , the method comprising:by an access network (AN) :receiving an indication that a request for establishing a DW application session is accepted, the DW application session making use of data packet processing in a core network (CN) portion of a mobile network (MN) ; andafter receipt of the indication, supporting one or more of: at least one downlink (DL) tunnel and at least one uplink (UL) tunnel;wherein said supporting of the at least one UL tunnel includes adding a service function chain (SFC) header of at least one UL SFC to one or more UL data packets and forwarding the one or more UL data packets to at least one network function (NF) of the at least one UL SFC, andwherein the ED, the DWAS, the CN, and the AN are communicatively connected, the AN being a part of an AN portion of the MN, and the DWAS is configured to provide a DW application for executing the DW application session between the ED and the DWAS.
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