Data non-orthogonal transmission method, apparatus and device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of communications. Disclosed in the present application are a data non-orthogonal transmission method, an apparatus and a device. The data non-orthogonal transmission method of the embodiments of the present application can perform non-orthogonal transmission of downlink data on the basis of M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or perform non-orthogonal transmission of uplink data on the basis of N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, thus improving the data transmission capacity.

Description

Non-orthogonal data transmission method, device and equipment

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on January 25, 2024, with application number 202410113014.8 and invention name “Non-orthogonal transmission method, device and equipment for data”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, and device for non-orthogonal data transmission. Background Art

[0004] Data transmission in idle or inactive state is a special transmission mechanism that allows the terminal to send and receive terminal-dedicated data (UE dedicate data) with the network side without entering the connected state (i.e., small data transmission (SDT)). At present, small data transmission is mainly carried out in the uplink random access message (such as message 3 (Msg3)) initiated by the terminal or the terminal-initiated SDT (mobile-originated SDT, MO-SDT) transmitted on the configured authorized physical uplink shared channel (Configure Grant Physical Uplink Shared Channel, CG-PUSCH), or the terminal-terminated SDT (mobile-terminated SDT, MT-SDT) triggered by the downlink. However, with the evolution of communication technology, the current small data transmission performance is slightly insufficient. How to further improve the small data transmission performance is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a non-orthogonal data transmission method, apparatus, and device, which can transmit downlink data non-orthogonally based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or can transmit uplink data non-orthogonally based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, thereby improving data transmission capacity and solving the problem of slightly insufficient small data transmission performance at the current stage.

[0006] In a first aspect, a non-orthogonal data transmission method is provided, comprising:

[0007] The terminal receives first downlink data, or the terminal sends first uplink data;

[0008] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0009] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0010] In a second aspect, a non-orthogonal data transmission method is provided, comprising:

[0011] The network side device sends the first downlink data, or the network side device receives the first uplink data;

[0012] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0013] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0014] In a third aspect, a non-orthogonal data transmission device is provided, comprising:

[0015] A transceiver unit, configured to receive first downlink data or send first uplink data;

[0016] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0017] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, a non-orthogonal data transmission device is provided, comprising:

[0019] A transceiver unit, configured to send first downlink data or receive first uplink data;

[0020] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0021] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0022] In a fifth aspect, a terminal is provided, comprising a transceiver, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented.

[0023] In a sixth aspect, a terminal is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface;

[0024] The communication interface is used to receive first downlink data or send first uplink data;

[0025] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0026] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0027] In the seventh aspect, a network side device is provided, which includes a transceiver, a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores programs or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0028] In an eighth aspect, a network-side device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface;

[0029] Wherein, the communication interface is used to send first downlink data, or receive first uplink data;

[0030] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0031] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0032] In the ninth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0033] In the tenth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, including: a terminal and a network side device, wherein the terminal can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the network side device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0034] In the eleventh aspect, a chip is provided, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect, or to implement the method as described in the second aspect.

[0035] In the twelfth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the non-orthogonal transmission method of data as described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present application, the first downlink data and at least one paging message can be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes; or, based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, at least two data units obtained by splitting the first downlink data and at least one paging message can be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource; or, based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, a data unit obtained by combining the first downlink data and at least two paging messages can be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource; or, based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, the first downlink data and at least one downlink data can be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource. That is, the downlink data can be non-orthogonally transmitted based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, which can improve the downlink data transmission capacity in an idle or deactivated state. Alternatively, the first uplink data can be multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, the uplink data can be transmitted non-orthogonally based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, which can improve the uplink data transmission capacity in the idle or deactivated state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0038] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figures 2 to 4 are schematic diagrams of the downlink NOMA provided in this application.

[0040] FIG5 is a schematic flowchart of a non-orthogonal data transmission method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG6 is a schematic block diagram of a non-orthogonal data transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] FIG7 is a schematic block diagram of another non-orthogonal data transmission device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] FIG8 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] FIG10 is a schematic block diagram of a network-side device provided according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "or" in this application represents at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three options, namely, Option 1: including A but not including B; Option 2: including B but not including A; Option 3: including both A and B. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0048] The term "indication" in this application can be either a direct indication (or explicit indication) or an indirect indication (or implicit indication). A direct indication can be understood as the sender explicitly informing the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc. in the instruction sent; an indirect indication can be understood as the receiver determining the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or making a judgment and determining the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc. based on the judgment result.

[0049] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the Internet of Things (IoT) system, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Bluetooth systems, or other systems. In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably, and the technology described can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for example purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these techniques can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6G (6 th Generation, 6G) communication system.

[0050] FIG1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Tablet Personal Computer), a laptop computer (Laptop Computer), a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR), a virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device (Wearable Device), an aircraft (Flight Vehicle), a vehicle-mounted device (VUE), a ship-mounted device, a pedestrian user equipment (PUE), a smart home (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), a game console, a personal computer (PC), an ATM, or a self-service machine, or other terminal-side devices. Wearable devices include: smart watches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among them, the vehicle-mounted device can also be called a vehicle-mounted terminal, vehicle-mounted controller, vehicle-mounted module, vehicle-mounted component, vehicle-mounted chip or vehicle-mounted unit, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0051] The network side device 12 may include an access network device or a core network device.

[0052] Access network equipment can also be referred to as radio access network (RAN) equipment, radio access network functions, or radio access network units. Access network equipment can include base stations, wireless local area network (WLAN) access points (AS), or wireless fidelity (WiFi) nodes. Among them, the base station can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), the next generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), access point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home evolved Node B (home evolved Node B), Transmission Reception Point (TRP) or other appropriate terms in the relevant field. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to specific technical vocabulary. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is used as an example for introduction, and the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0053] Among them, the core network equipment may include but is not limited to at least one of the following: core network node, core network function, mobility management entity (MME), access mobility management function (AMF), session management function (SMF), user plane function (UPF), policy control function (PCF), policy and charging rules function unit (PCRF), edge application service discovery function (EASDF), unified data management (UDM), unified data repository (UDR), home user server (HSS), centralized network configuration (CNC), network storage function (NRF), network exposure function (NEF), local NEF (L-NEF), binding support function (BSF), application function ( Function, AF), Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF), Location Management Function (LMF), etc. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the core network device in the NR system is introduced as an example, and the specific type of the core network device is not limited.

[0054] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, paging classification is explained.

[0055] In NR, paging can be divided into the following types according to the message source:

[0056] 5G Core Network (5GC) paging comes from 5GC. When the Radio Resource Control (RRC) is in the idle (RRC_IDLE) state, when downlink data arrives for the UE in the RRC_IDLE state, 5GC notifies the UE through a Paging message.

[0057] Radio Access Network (RAN) paging comes from the gNB. When downlink data arrives for a UE in RRC_INACTIVE state, the gNB notifies the UE to start data transmission through a RAN Paging message.

[0058] The final paging message is sent by the gNB to the UE via the air interface.

[0059] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the paging channel is described.

[0060] The paging message is carried by the Paging Control Channel (PCCH) logical channel, and the data block of the PCCH logical channel is carried by the Paging Channel (PCH) transport channel, and the data block of the PCH transport channel is carried by the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) physical channel. Since PDSCH is a downlink shared physical channel, it can carry not only the PCH transport channel but also the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) transport channel. Therefore, before receiving a paging message (on PDSCH), the terminal needs to first monitor the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) physical channel, and then determine whether the network has sent a paging message to itself in this paging cycle based on whether the PDCCH physical channel carries the Paging Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI).

[0061] Illustratively, downlink control information (DCI) format 1_0 (DCI format 1_0) with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by P-RNTI is shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1

[0063] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, a paging occasion (PO) and a paging frame (PF) are described.

[0064] PF and PO are two important paging-related terms. A paging frame (PF) is a radio frame that can contain one or more paging opportunities (POs). A paging opportunity (PO) is a subframe that may contain a paging message.

[0065] If the terminal knows the paging cycle, PF, and PO, it can know the exact time to receive the paging message. In order to reduce the power consumption of the UE in the RRC idle state (RRC_IDLE) or the RRC deactivated state (RRC_INACTIVE), the UE uses discontinuous reception (DRX) to receive paging messages. There are several PFs in a DRX cycle, and one PF corresponds to several POs. The UE only wakes up once in a DRX cycle to detect a PO. The UE detects one paging opportunity (PO) in each DRX cycle. PO is a set of PDCCH detection opportunities and can include multiple time slots (for example, subframes or orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) in which paging DCI can be sent.

[0066] DRX cycle indicates the period of UE detection of Paging, PF indicates the system frame for detecting Paging, PO indicates the specific PDCCH monitoring occasions for detecting Paging, and i_s indicates the index of PO corresponding to PF. The calculation method is as follows:

[0067] PF: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(UE_ID mod N);

[0068] i_s: i_s=floor(UE_ID / N)mod Ns;

[0069] The parameters are explained as follows:

[0070] T: indicates DRX cycle;

[0071] N: total number of PFs in T;

[0072] Ns: the number of POs corresponding to one PF;

[0073] PF_offset: PF offset;

[0074] UE_ID:5G-S-TMSI mod 1024.

[0075] The system message may include a cell-level indication Tc, and the RRC may also include a UE-level indication Tue. If Tue is not indicated, T=Tc. If Tue is indicated, T=min(Tc, Tue).

[0076] The TMSI is the UE's temporary mobile subscriber identifier (TMSI), which can be used to uniquely identify different UEs and is also used in random access message 3 (Msg3). If the UE does not have a TMSI, the default UE_ID is 0.

[0077] The above parameters will be indicated in PCCH-config, which can be as follows.

[0078] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, a paging message is described.

[0079] Currently, the format of the air interface paging message is as follows.

[0080] A paging message carries a paging record list (PagingRecordList), which contains at least one and at most maxNrofPageRec paging records (PagingRecord). Each PagingRecord carries the paging identity (ue_Identity) of the paged UE. That is, a paging message can indicate that at most maxNrofPageRec UEs are paged.

[0081] There are two identifiers for the paged UE: one for paging UEs in the idle state, namely the ng-5G-S-TMSI; the other for paging UEs in the deactivated state, namely the full I-RNTI. The UE receiving the paging message is in either the idle state or the deactivated state. In addition to sending the paging message, the DCI scheduling paging can also carry a short message and indicate whether there are available Tracking Reference Signal (TRS) resources.

[0082] The short message indicator (Short Message indicator) may be as shown in Table 2.

[0083] Table 2

[0084] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the random access process is described.

[0085] The random access procedure may be a contention-based random access procedure or a non-contention-based random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a four-step random access procedure (also known as a Type-1 random access procedure) or a two-step random access procedure (also known as a Type-2 random access procedure).

[0086] In four-step random access (4-step RACH), the UE first sends message 1 (Msg1) to the network, which contains a preamble. After the network detects the preamble, it sends message 2 (Msg2) or a random access response (RAR) message, which contains the preamble number detected by the network and the uplink radio resources allocated to the UE for sending message 3 (Msg3). After receiving Msg2, the UE confirms that at least one of the preamble numbers carried in Msg2 matches the number of the preamble it sent. Then, based on the resources indicated by the RAR, it sends Msg3 containing contention resolution information. After receiving Msg3, the network sends message 4 (Msg4) containing contention resolution information. Upon receiving Msg4, the UE confirms that the resolution information is consistent with the contention resolution information sent in Msg3, thus completing four-step random access.

[0087] The network includes uplink grant (UL grant) information in the RAR to indicate the scheduling information of the Msg3 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and includes information such as the Random Access Preamble ID (RAPID), the Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity (TC-RNTI), and the Timing Advance (TA). If the network does not receive the Msg3 PUSCH, it can schedule the retransmission of the Msg3 PUSCH in the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) scrambled by the TC-RNTI.

[0088] For the contention random access process, different UEs randomly select preambles for transmission, so different UEs may select the same preamble to send on the same time-frequency radio resources (RACH opportunity (RO) resources). This situation can be understood as a UE preamble conflict. In this case, different UEs will receive the same RAR. At this time, different UEs will transmit Msg3PUSCH according to the scheduling information in the RAR UL grant. The network decodes the PUSCH (including contention resolution information) sent by the UE on the Msg3 PUSCH scheduling resources, so the network will include the contention resolution information received in Msg3 in Msg4. If the contention resolution information in Msg4 received by the UE matches the contention resolution information sent by the UE in Msg3 PUSCH, the UE considers that the contention resolution is successful. If they do not match, the contention resolution is considered unsuccessful.

[0089] If the contention resolution is unsuccessful, the UE reselects RACH resources, performs physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, and makes the next random access attempt.

[0090] In two-step random access (2-step RACH), the first step is for the UE to send message A (MsgA) to the network. After receiving MsgA, the network sends message B (MsgB) to the UE. If the UE does not receive MsgB within a certain period of time, it increments the counter that counts the number of times MsgA has been sent and resends MsgA. If the counter counts the number of times MsgA has been sent, the UE switches from the 2-step random access process to the 4-step random access process.

[0091] MsgA consists of the MsgA preamble and MsgA PUSCH parts. The preamble part is sent on the Ro used for 2-step RACH, and the PUSCH part is sent on the MsgA PUSCH resources associated with the MsgA preamble and Ro. MsgA PUSCH resources are a set of PUSCH resources configured for each PRACH time slot, including time-frequency resources and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) resources, and are associated with the PRACH resources within the PRACH slot.

[0092] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, SDT is described.

[0093] The characteristic of efficient small data transmission is that for UEs in non-connected states (such as IDLE and INACTIVE), it avoids excessive signaling overhead caused by RRC state transition and RRC connection establishment process, and completes the purpose of small data transmission through a very simple signaling process.

[0094] A key feature of the small data transmission solution is that the UE's current Data Radio Bearer (DRB) is suspended, not released. Therefore, the UE can resume the DRB before sending a ResumeRequest message, then use RRC signaling to piggyback small data. At this point, data can be transmitted on the DRB, just like a connected UE. This avoids state transitions and achieves efficient small data transmission with minimal signaling overhead.

[0095] Because small data transmission uses DRB transmission and access stratum (AS) security is activated, small data transmission can provide necessary security protections, such as data encryption and integrity protection. From a security perspective, since the UE may have moved to another base station while in the suspended state, the security keys used by the UE to resend packets need to be updated. The update method is to perform the next key update operation based on the parameters provided to the UE by the network when it enters the suspended state for calculating the next hop key.

[0096] Small data transmissions are carried on the Dedicated Transmission Channel (DTCH) and multiplexed with the uplink RRC Connection Resume Request message before transmission. Similarly, any downlink reply message can also be carried on the DTCH and multiplexed with the downlink RRC Connection Release message. Both uplink and downlink data are encrypted using the next key after the update.

[0097] Small data can also be transmitted on Msg3 PUSCH during the 4-step RACH process, on MsgA PUSCH during the 2-step RACH process, or on Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) resources scheduled by a configured grant (CG) configured in the RRC inactive state. Small data transmission during the 2-step RACH and 4-step RACH processes is called RACH-based small data transmission, while small data transmission via PUSCH scheduled by a configured grant is called CG-based small data transmission.

[0098] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, MT-EDT is described.

[0099] In the LTE system, the network device (NW) carries the MT-EDT trigger message via a paging message. The terminal (UE) then initiates the EDT process. After receiving the UE's request message (carrying the MT-EDT cause value), the NW concatenates the Radio Resource Control (RRC) response message with the Data Radio Bearer (DRB) data into a protocol data unit (PDU) and sends it to the UE, ultimately enabling the reception of downlink services.

[0100] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) is described.

[0101] The basic idea of ​​rate splitting is to split the messages sent to different receivers into two parts at the transmitter, called a dedicated part (dedicated data stream) and a public part (public data stream). The public part of all information is then merged into a single whole and multiplexed using a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access technique, namely the multiuser superposition transmission (MUST) method. A composite constellation is designed to allocate constellation points and bits to different users. Then, similar to traditional multi-user multiple-in multiple-out (MU-MIMO) multi-stream transmission, the public data stream and multiple dedicated data streams are transmitted within the same time-frequency resources using different precoding and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) resources. On the receiving side, each user needs to decode not only their own dedicated data stream but also the public data stream, and then merge the two parts of their data into a complete data stream. It should be noted that when decoding the public data stream, the receiver may need to decode the information sent to other users and perform interference cancellation.

[0102] When all data is transmitted using a public data stream, data multiplexing is equivalent to the MUST technique. When all data is transmitted using a dedicated data stream, data multiplexing is equivalent to the MU-MIMO method. Therefore, to a certain extent, RSMA is equivalent to a combination of the MUST and MU-MIMO methods.

[0103] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, downlink non-orthogonal multiple access technology is described.

[0104] Downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been studied. The main idea is to use superposition coding and successive interference cancellation (SIC) to carry the information of multiple users on the same resource element (RE).

[0105] Superposition coding includes: Cat 1, Cat 2 and Cat 3. Cat 1 and Cat 2 superimpose multiple sub-constellations into a composite constellation, while Cat 3 directly allocates different bits to different users based on a composite constellation.

[0106] Cat1: Different sub-constellations are superimposed with an adaptive power ratio, and the mapping of composite constellation points to bits does not conform to Gray mapping principles. Figure 2 shows a composite constellation formed by superimposing two sub-constellations of size 4. The constellation points of the first sub-constellation are actually the center points of the clusters distributed in the four quadrants of the composite constellation. For example, the four points in the first quadrant, although with different values, all represent bits "00." The constellation points of the second sub-constellation are the constellation points of each cluster in the composite constellation. For example, the last two bits of the first constellation point in each quadrant represent bits "10."

[0107] Category 2: Different sub-constellations are superimposed with an adaptive power ratio, and the mapping of composite constellation points to bits conforms to the Gray mapping principle. For example, Figure 3 shows a composite constellation formed by superimposing two sub-constellations of size 4 that use the Gray mapping principle. This is similar to Figure 2, except for a slight difference in the bit mapping rules.

[0108] For Cat1 and Cat2, the composite constellation they transmit is composed of the superposition of sub-constellations, and the variable that controls how the sub-constellations are superimposed is the power ratio. For the case of two users, the transmission steps at the transmitter are as follows: the transmitter first determines the constellation point to be transmitted based on the information bit of the first user, and then multiplies the constellation point by the power ratio. Where α is the power ratio of the second user; then, the transmitter determines the constellation point to be sent based on the information bit of the second user, and then multiplies the constellation point by the power ratio Finally, the two constellation points are vector-summed to obtain the final transmitted composite constellation point. At the receiving end, the first user only needs to determine the quadrant in which the constellation point lies to obtain the desired bit, while the second user must determine not only the quadrant in which the constellation point lies but also its specific position within the quadrant. In other words, the first user can demodulate only two bits, while the second user actually needs to demodulate four bits and then extract the final two bits.

[0109] Category 3: Directly divide bits into a constellation point that conforms to the Gray mapping rule. As shown in Figure 4, the entire constellation diagram conforms to the Gray mapping rule. It is then agreed that the first two bits are the bits of the first user, and the last two bits are the bits of the second user.

[0110] It can be seen that the sub-constellations of Cat1 and Cat2 can be different, and the composite constellation formed by superposition may be irregular, while Cat3 first defines a regular composite constellation and then divides the bits.

[0111] For downlink NOMA, fully leveraging the channel conditions of different users is key to improving overall spectral efficiency. For example, for users with poor channels, such as those farther from the transmitter, constellation point resolution is poor. They can only distinguish constellation points with large Euclidean distances, such as those located in different quadrants, but cannot accurately determine constellation points within the same quadrant. On the other hand, for users with better channels, such as those closer to the transmitter, constellation point resolution is better, allowing accurate determination even of constellation points with small Euclidean distances. This effectively decodes all bits sent by the transmitter and then extracts the bits of interest. In practical applications, directly determining the composite constellation points to obtain all bits and then extracting a subset of the bits is computationally more complex. A less complex approach is SIC: first determine the sub-constellation point with a large Euclidean distance (i.e., the constellation point sent to the distant user), then remove this sub-constellation point from the received signal (vector difference), and then determine the sub-constellation point with a small Euclidean distance.

[0112] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the uplink non-orthogonal multiple access technology is described.

[0113] Uplink non-orthogonal multiple access technology uses two methods: low-correlation symbol extension and randomized mutual interference to achieve non-orthogonal resource multiplexing.

[0114] Low-correlation symbol extension: This follows the same idea of ​​post-modulation symbol extension and code division multiplexing as traditional Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), but the codebook capacity of orthogonal codes is limited. For example, the number of codes in an orthogonal codebook in the real domain is the same as the code length, and the number of concurrent connections it can support is limited. Non-orthogonal codebooks: Non-orthogonal codebooks are designed that are not completely orthogonal and contain more codes, but still maintain low correlation, supporting more user access while maintaining low mutual interference, such as codebooks that meet the Welch bound equality constraint. Sparse resource mapping: When mapping to physical resources, the same or different numbers of blank symbols can also be inserted to reduce the number of users superimposed on the same resource. Advantages: Mutual interference is explicitly reduced, and the receiver can perform signal combining and interference cancellation (such as SIC) at the symbol level, with low complexity.

[0115] Randomized mutual interference: Through bit-level and symbol-level scrambling and interleaving, the correlation between user signals is reduced, whitening the mutual interference into noise. Advantages: Mutual interference is implicitly reduced, symbol-level scrambling has low complexity, and synchronization is not required. Challenges: Interference energy still exists (only the mutual interference is whitened), and interference mitigation relies heavily on the performance of the decoder. Iterative decoding is usually required to eliminate interference, which places high complexity demands on the receiver. Interleaving requires the storage of long data blocks, increasing processing latency and requiring high complexity in passive devices.

[0116] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The above related technologies can be combined arbitrarily with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and all of them fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application. The embodiments of the present application include at least part of the following contents.

[0117] FIG5 is a schematic flowchart of a non-orthogonal data transmission method 200 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG5 , the non-orthogonal data transmission method 200 may include at least part of the following contents:

[0118] S210. The network-side device sends first downlink data; wherein the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0119] S220, the terminal receives the first downlink data;

[0120] S230: The terminal sends first uplink data; wherein the first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N ≥ 2;

[0121] S240: The network-side device receives the first uplink data.

[0122] It should be understood that FIG5 shows the steps or operations of the non-orthogonal data transmission method 200, but these steps or operations are merely examples, and the present application may also perform other operations or variations of the operations in FIG5.

[0123] The data unit described in the embodiment of the present application includes at least one of the following: a transmission block (TB), a code block (CB), and a code block group (CBG).

[0124] The paging message described in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to at least one of the following: a paging message, a paging control message, a short message, a short message control message, and data transmission control information.

[0125] It should be understood that, compared with one non-orthogonal transmission mode, at least two non-orthogonal transmission modes can improve system capacity, such as the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput.

[0126] In an embodiment of the present application, first downlink data and at least one paging message can be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. This can improve the system capacity (such as the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) of paging messages and downlink data, and can also more efficiently perform downlink data transmission. This can solve the problem of large small data transmission delays due to system capacity limitations in scenarios where small data transmission involves a large number of users.

[0127] In an embodiment of the present application, at least two data units obtained by splitting the first downlink data and at least one paging message can be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. This can improve the system capacity (such as the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) of paging messages and downlink data, and can also more efficiently perform downlink data transmission. This can solve the problem of large small data transmission delays due to system capacity limitations in scenarios where small data transmission has a large number of users.

[0128] In an embodiment of the present application, a data unit obtained by combining first downlink data with at least two paging messages can be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. This can improve the system capacity (such as the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) of paging messages and downlink data, and can also more efficiently perform downlink data transmission. This can solve the problem of large small data transmission delay due to system capacity limitations in scenarios where small data transmission has a large number of users.

[0129] In an embodiment of the present application, first downlink data can be multiplexed with at least one downlink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, thereby increasing the system capacity of downlink data (such as the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) and enabling more efficient downlink data transmission. This can solve the problem of large small data transmission delays due to system capacity limitations in scenarios where small data transmission involves a large number of users.

[0130] In some embodiments, the first downlink data may include at least one of the following:

[0131] Small downlink data (such as MT-SDT), normal downlink data.

[0132] For example, small downlink data (such as MT-SDT) can be sent when the terminal is in the RRC idle or deactivated state, and normal downlink data can be sent when the terminal is in the RRC connected state. This embodiment can improve the data transmission capacity in the idle / deactivated state, including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput.

[0133] Exemplarily, the MT-SDT may include the following contents: at least part of control information and at least part of user data.

[0134] In some implementations, M may also be equal to 1. For example, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on a specific non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature information associated with the specific non-orthogonal transmission mode and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on a specific non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature information associated with the specific non-orthogonal transmission mode and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with one data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on a specific non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature information associated with the specific non-orthogonal transmission mode and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources.

[0135] In an embodiment of the present application, first uplink data can be multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, uplink data can be transmitted non-orthogonally based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes. This can improve the transmission capacity of uplink data (such as the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) and can also more efficiently perform uplink data transmission. This can solve the problem of large delay in small data transmission due to system capacity limitations in scenarios where a large number of users are performing small data transmission.

[0136] In some embodiments, the first uplink data may include at least one of the following:

[0137] Small uplink data (such as MO-SDT), normal uplink data.

[0138] For example, small uplink data (such as MO-SDT) can be sent by the terminal when it is in the RRC idle or deactivated state, and normal uplink data can be sent by the terminal when it is in the RRC connected state. This embodiment can improve the data transmission capacity in the idle / deactivated state, including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput.

[0139] In an embodiment of the present application, the signature information (Signature) associated with the non-orthogonal transmission mode i can decode the data corresponding to the non-orthogonal transmission mode i.

[0140] In some embodiments, the M types of non-orthogonal transmission methods include but are not limited to at least one of the following: based on symbol spreading (Spreading) method, based on bit interleaving (Interleaving) method, based on bit scrambling method, based on symbol interleaving method, based on symbol scrambling method, based on superimposed symbol transmission method, based on rate splitting method, and based on space division method.

[0141] Exemplarily, the symbol extension-based method may be, for example, Multi-User Sharing Access (MUSA), Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA), Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA), and the like.

[0142] For example, the symbol-based extension method is similar to CDMA, but the extension sequence is non-orthogonal. Taking two users as an example, for the transmitting end, each symbol of the first symbol stream from the first data stream (such as the first TB) and each symbol of the second symbol stream from the second data stream (such as the second TB) are multiplied by the first extension sequence and the second extension sequence respectively, and then superimposed on the same multiple REs (the number of REs and the length of the extension sequence are the same) for transmission.

[0143] Exemplarily, the bit interleaving (Interleaving) method may be, for example, Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA), Interleave-Grid Multiple Access (IGMA), and the like.

[0144] For example, for the bit-interleaving method, taking 2 users as an example, for the transmitting end, the first bit stream from the first data stream (such as the first TB) and the second bit stream from the second data stream (such as the second TB) are interleaved by the first bit interleaver and the second bit interleaver respectively, and then modulated and superimposed on the same RE for transmission.

[0145] Exemplarily, the bit scrambling method may be, for example, Low Code Rate Spreading (LCRS).

[0146] For example, for the bit scrambling method, taking 2 users as an example, for the transmitting end, the first bit stream from the first data stream (such as the first TB) and the second bit stream from the second data stream (such as the second TB) are respectively scrambled by the first bit scrambler (or scrambling sequence) and the second bit scrambler (or scrambling sequence), and then modulated and superimposed on the same RE for transmission.

[0147] For example, for the symbol-based interleaving method, taking 2 users as an example, for the transmitting end, the first symbol stream from the first data stream (such as the first TB) and the second symbol stream from the second data stream (such as the second TB) are interleaved by the first symbol interleaver and the second symbol interleaver respectively, and then superimposed on the same RE for transmission.

[0148] For example, for the symbol-based scrambling method, taking 2 users as an example, for the transmitting end, the first symbol stream from the first data stream (such as the first TB) and the second symbol stream from the second data stream (such as the second TB) are respectively scrambled by the first symbol scrambler (or scrambling sequence) and the second symbol scrambler (or scrambling sequence), and then modulated and superimposed on the same RE for transmission.

[0149] Exemplarily, the transmission mode based on superimposed symbols may be, for example, MUST.

[0150] For example, for the transmission method based on superposition symbols, taking 2 users as an example, for the transmitting end, each symbol of the first symbol stream from the first data stream (such as the first TB) and each symbol of the second symbol stream of the second data stream (such as the second TB) are multiplied by the first power control factor and the second power control factor respectively, and then superimposed on the same RE for transmission.

[0151] Exemplarily, the rate-based splitting method may be RSMA, for example.

[0152] Exemplarily, the space division-based method may be, for example, MU-MIMO, RSMA, etc.

[0153] In some embodiments, the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following:

[0154] Symbol extension sequence, bit interleaver or bit interleaving method, bit scrambling sequence or method for generating bit scrambling sequence, symbol interleaver or symbol interleaving method, symbol scrambling sequence or method for generating symbol scrambling sequence, bit to symbol mapping method, bit sequence to symbol sequence mapping method, RSMA public stream or MUST layer index or MUST power allocation factor or MUST modulation method, RSMA private stream or MU-MIMO precoding or beam or MU-MIMO DMRS port.

[0155] Exemplarily, the signature information associated based on the symbol extension method may be a symbol extension sequence (Spreading Sequence), the signature information associated based on the bit interleaving method may be a bit interleaver or a bit interleaving method, the signature information associated based on the bit scrambling method may be a bit scrambling sequence or a method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, the signature information associated based on the symbol interleaving method may be a symbol interleaver or a symbol interleaving method, the signature information associated based on the symbol scrambling method may be a symbol scrambling sequence or a method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, the signature information associated based on the superimposed symbol transmission method may be a bit-to-symbol mapping method or a bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, the signature information associated based on the rate splitting method may be an RSMA public stream or a MUST layer index or a MUST power allocation factor or a MUST modulation method, and the signature information associated based on the space division method may be an RSMA private stream or a MU-MIMO precoding or beam or a MU-MIMO DMRS port.

[0156] In some embodiments, the N non-orthogonal transmission modes include but are not limited to at least one of the following: based on symbol extension mode, based on bit interleaving mode, based on bit scrambling mode, based on symbol interleaving mode, based on symbol scrambling mode, based on superimposed symbol transmission mode, based on rate splitting mode, and based on space division mode.

[0157] In some embodiments, the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following:

[0158] Symbol extension sequence, bit interleaver or bit interleaving method, bit scrambling sequence or method for generating bit scrambling sequence, symbol interleaver or symbol interleaving method, symbol scrambling sequence or method for generating symbol scrambling sequence, bit to symbol mapping method, bit sequence to symbol sequence mapping method, RSMA public stream or MUST layer index or MUST power allocation factor or MUST modulation method, RSMA private stream or MU-MIMO precoding or beam or MU-MIMO DMRS port.

[0159] It should be noted that, for the description of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, reference may be made to the above-mentioned M non-orthogonal transmission modes, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0160] In some embodiments, the at least two data units are obtained by splitting the at least one paging message based on at least one of the following levels:

[0161] Paging terminal (PagingUE), paging terminal group (PagingUEgroup), paging record (PagingRecord).

[0162] For example, a paging message may be split into different data units based on levels such as the paged terminal (PagingUE), the paged terminal group (PagingUEgroup), and the paging record (PagingRecord).

[0163] In some embodiments, the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, or the at least one downlink data is downlink data of another terminal, or the first downlink data and the at least one downlink data are different parts of specific downlink data.

[0164] Specifically, to improve transmission reliability, a repetition method can be used when sending downlink data, and different repetition versions / parts can use different non-orthogonal transmission methods and signatures. For example, by repeatedly transmitting downlink data, the reliability of downlink data transmission can be improved.

[0165] Illustratively, the repeated transmission of downlink data described in this embodiment may be repeated transmission for one terminal or repeated transmission for multiple terminals, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0166] In some embodiments, when the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information.

[0167] It should be noted that different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, which can reduce the complexity of implementation.

[0168] In the embodiment of the present application, the content transmitted by different repeated transmission versions may be the same or slightly different. For example, some parameters may be adjusted, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0169] The different repeated transmission versions described in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as different times of repeated transmission, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0170] Exemplarily, in the case where at least one downlink data is repeated transmission of first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions or repeated transmission groups may adopt the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signatures.

[0171] For example, assuming two UEs perform two downlink transmissions, a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 2, ...} may be used for the first transmission; and a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 2', ...} may be used for the second transmission. More specifically, for a non-orthogonal transmission mode based on symbol superposition, in the first transmission, the data of UE 1 may be placed in a layer with a lower index, and the data of UE 2 may be placed in a layer with a higher index; and in the second transmission, the data of UE 1 may be placed in a layer with a higher index, and the data of UE 2 may be placed in a layer with a lower index. The same applies to other situations. For example, when using the symbol extension method, the sequences used for the first transmission and the second transmission may be different, etc.

[0172] For example, when at least one downlink data is repeated transmission of first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions or repeated transmission groups may use different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes. Due to different non-orthogonal transmission modes, the meaning of the signature is different. If the signature parameter is configured in the form of an index (ID), the signature index can be the same or different.

[0173] For example, only different non-orthogonal transmission modes are indicated, but the signature index remains unchanged. For example, assuming two UEs perform two downlink transmissions, the first transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter ID 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter ID 2, ...}; the second transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2'; ...}.

[0174] For another example, both the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature index can vary. For example, assuming two UEs perform two downlink transmissions, the first transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter ID 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter ID 2, ...}; the second transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1', corresponding signature parameter ID 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2', corresponding signature parameter ID 2', ...}.

[0175] For another example, indicating the original value of the signature parameter, for example, assuming the case of two UEs performing two downlink transmissions, a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter 2, ...} can be used in the first transmission; a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1', corresponding signature parameter 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2', corresponding signature parameter 2', ...} can be used in the second transmission.

[0176] In some embodiments, the terminal is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions, or, the terminal is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission groups, or, the terminal is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions within the same repeated transmission group.

[0177] Exemplarily, the network-side device sends configuration information to the terminal;

[0178] In which, the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions, or, the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission groups, or, the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions within the same repeated transmission group.

[0179] For example, in the case where the repeated transmission of downlink data described in this embodiment is repeated transmission to multiple terminals, some or all of the multiple terminals can be configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions, or, some or all of the multiple terminals can be configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission groups, or, some or all of the multiple terminals can be configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions within the same repeated transmission group.

[0180] Exemplarily, the terminal (UE) or the network-side device (such as TRP) may combine data of different repetitions or repetition groups or different repetitions of the same repetition group at the symbol level or the bit level.

[0181] For example, if different repetitions all use symbol-level non-orthogonal transmission methods, the received signal can be processed accordingly (such as symbol extension at the transmitting end, symbol de-spreading at the receiving end; symbol scrambling at the transmitting end, symbol descrambling at the receiving end, etc.), and then the symbols of multiple repetitions can be combined into one symbol, and then symbol decision can be performed.

[0182] For example, if different repetitions involve non-orthogonal transmission modes at the bit level, they can be merged at the bit level. For example, the maximum log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of different repetitions of the bit to be decided are merged into one LLR after certain calculations, and then the bit decision is made.

[0183] In some embodiments, when the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, the signature information (such as signature ID) associated with the M types of non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier (UE ID) of the paged terminal, or the signature information (such as signature ID) associated with the M types of non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the signature information (such as signature ID) associated with the M types of non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel (such as PDCCH or PDSCH).

[0184] In some embodiments, when the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes (such as signature ID) are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes (such as signature ID) are associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes (such as signature ID) are configured by a paging-related channel (such as PDCCH or PDSCH).

[0185] In some embodiments, the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, or the at least one uplink data is uplink data of another terminal, or the first uplink data and the at least one uplink data are different parts of specific uplink data.

[0186] Specifically, to improve transmission reliability, uplink data transmission can be repeated (Repetition) method, and different Repetition versions / parts can use different non-orthogonal transmission methods and signatures. For example, by repeatedly transmitting uplink data, the reliability of uplink data transmission can be improved.

[0187] Illustratively, the repeated transmission of uplink data described in this embodiment may be repeated transmission by one terminal or repeated transmission by multiple terminals, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0188] In some embodiments, when the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information.

[0189] It should be noted that different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, which can reduce the complexity of implementation.

[0190] Exemplarily, in the case where at least one uplink data is repeated transmission of first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions or repeated transmission groups may adopt the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signatures.

[0191] For example, assuming two UEs perform two uplink transmissions, a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 2, ...} may be used for the first transmission; and a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter or parameter id 2', ...} may be used for the second transmission. More specifically, for a non-orthogonal transmission mode based on symbol superposition, in the first transmission, the data of UE 1 may be placed in a layer with a lower index, and the data of UE 2 may be placed in a layer with a higher index; and in the second transmission, the data of UE 1 may be placed in a layer with a higher index, and the data of UE 2 may be placed in a layer with a lower index. The same applies to other situations. For example, when using the symbol extension method, the sequences used for the first transmission and the second transmission may be different, etc.

[0192] For example, when at least one uplink data is repeated transmission of first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions or repeated transmission groups may use different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes. Due to different non-orthogonal transmission modes, the meaning of the signature is different. If the signature parameter is configured in the form of an index (ID), the signature index can be the same or different.

[0193] For example, only different non-orthogonal transmission modes are indicated, but the signature index remains unchanged. For example, assuming two UEs perform two uplink transmissions, the first transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter ID 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter ID 2, ...}; the second transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2'; ...}.

[0194] For another example, both the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature index can vary. For example, assuming two UEs perform two uplink transmissions, the first transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter ID 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter ID 2, ...}; the second transmission can use a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1', corresponding signature parameter ID 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2', corresponding signature parameter ID 2', ...}.

[0195] For another example, indicating the original value of the signature parameter, for example, assuming the case of two uplink transmissions for two UEs, a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter 2, ...} can be used for the first transmission; a non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1', corresponding signature parameter 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2', corresponding signature parameter 2', ...} can be used for the second transmission.

[0196] In some embodiments, when the at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, the signature information (such as signature ID) associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information (such as signature ID) associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the signature information (such as signature ID) associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel (such as PDCCH or PDSCH).

[0197] In some embodiments, the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes (such as signature ID) are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes (such as signature ID) are associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes (such as signature ID) are configured by a paging-related channel (such as PDCCH or PDSCH).

[0198] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirements of the terminal, reliability requirements of the data stream, the distance between the terminal and the network side device (such as a base station or TRP), relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network side device, and relevant information of the downlink channel from the network side device to the terminal.

[0199] In some embodiments, the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirements of the terminal, reliability requirements of the data stream, the distance between the terminal and the network side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network side device, and relevant information of the downlink channel from the network side device to the terminal.

[0200] For example, if the terminal's priority information is known, a symbol-overlay transmission method can be used, and a lower-index layer can be configured for high-priority terminals (a lower-index layer is defined as the layer that the receiving end demodulates first). Alternatively, a rate-splitting method can be used, and high-priority terminals can be configured to use a common stream for transmission. Furthermore, a lower-index layer within the common stream can be configured for high-priority terminals. Alternatively, a symbol-spread sequence method can be used, and sequences with low mutual correlation can be assigned to high-priority terminals. For these methods, during downlink transmission, a larger power allocation factor (equivalent to allocating more power) can be configured for high-priority terminals.

[0201] For example, if the priority information of the data stream is known, a symbol-overlay transmission method can be used, and a lower-index layer can be configured for the high-priority data stream (a lower-index layer is defined as the layer that the receiving end demodulates first). Alternatively, a rate-splitting method can be used, and a common stream can be configured for high-priority data streams. Furthermore, a lower-index layer in the common stream can be configured for the high-priority data streams. Alternatively, a symbol-spread sequence method can be used, and a sequence with low mutual correlation can be assigned to the high-priority data stream. For the above method, during downlink transmission, a larger power allocation factor can be configured for the high-priority data stream (equivalent to allocating more power).

[0202] For example, if the reliability requirements of the terminal are known, a symbol-overlay transmission method can be used, and a lower-index layer can be configured for terminals with high reliability requirements (a lower-index layer is defined as the layer that the receiving end demodulates first). Alternatively, a rate-splitting method can be used, and common stream transmission can be configured for terminals with high reliability requirements. Furthermore, a lower-index layer within the common stream can be configured for terminals with high reliability requirements. Alternatively, a symbol-spread sequence method can be used, and sequences with low cross-correlation can be assigned to terminals with high reliability requirements. For the above methods, during downlink transmission, a larger power allocation factor (equivalent to allocating more power) is configured for terminals with high reliability requirements.

[0203] For example, if the reliability requirements of the data stream are known, a symbol-overlay transmission method can be used, and a lower-index layer can be configured for data streams with high reliability requirements (a lower-index layer is defined as the layer that is first demodulated by the receiving end). Alternatively, a rate-splitting method can be used, and a common stream can be used for data streams with high reliability requirements. Furthermore, a lower-index layer in the common stream can be configured for data streams with high reliability requirements. Alternatively, a symbol-spread sequence method can be used, and sequences with low cross-correlation can be assigned to data streams with high reliability requirements. For the above methods, during downlink transmission, a larger power allocation factor (equivalent to allocating more power) is configured for data streams with high reliability requirements.

[0204] For example, when the distance between the UE and the TRP is known, a method based on superimposed symbol transmission can be adopted, and a layer with a lower index (the layer that the receiving end demodulates first) can be configured for the farther UE; a method based on rate splitting can also be adopted, and a common stream can be configured for the high-priority UE, and further, a layer with a lower index in the common stream can be configured for the high-priority UE.

[0205] For example, when prior information about the downlink channel from TRP to UE or the uplink channel from UE to TRP is known, such as the configuration of inactive / idle sounding reference signals (SRS) or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) and other reference signals, private streams or MU-MIMO precoding or beams, DMRS ports can be configured for the UE.

[0206] In some embodiments, when the network does not have prior information about the UE, a non-orthogonal transmission method and signature that are independent of the UE characteristics may be used, such as randomly configuring a symbol extension sequence, randomly configuring a bit interleaver or interleaving method, randomly configuring a bit scrambling sequence or sequence generation method, randomly configuring a symbol interleaver or interleaving method, randomly configuring a symbol scrambling sequence or sequence generation method, randomly configuring a layer or power allocation factor in a symbol superposition transmission / RSMA public stream, randomly configuring an RSMA private stream or MU-MIMO precoding or beam, DMRS port. The above methods can be used alone or in combination.

[0207] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: RRC state, the size of the downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in idle state or deactivated state, and whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in idle state or deactivated state.

[0208] In some embodiments, the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: RRC state, the size of the downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in idle state or deactivated state, and whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in idle state or deactivated state.

[0209] Exemplarily, the non-orthogonal transmission mode may be implicitly configured, or the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith may be implicitly configured.

[0210] For example, the non-orthogonal transmission mode is determined based on the RRC state of the UE, or the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the associated signature information are determined based on the RRC state of the UE. For example, the Inactive state corresponds to the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1, corresponding signature parameter 1; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2, corresponding signature parameter 2, ...}. The Idle state corresponds to the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature set {non-orthogonal transmission mode 1', corresponding signature parameter 1'; non-orthogonal transmission mode 2', corresponding signature parameter 2', ...}.

[0211] Another example is determining a non-orthogonal transmission mode based on the size of the data to be transmitted, or determining a non-orthogonal transmission mode and associated signature information based on the size of the data to be transmitted. For example, a matching condition is preset, and when the size of the SDT payload, physical channel, logical channel, paging message, or data block (TB) meets a certain range, the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set are used.

[0212] For another example, a non-orthogonal transmission mode is determined based on the number of terminals being paged, or a non-orthogonal transmission mode and associated signature information is determined based on the number of terminals being paged. For example, a matching condition is preset, and when the number of UEs in the paging message or the number of UEs scheduled for SDT by paging meets a certain range, the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set are used.

[0213] For another example, the non-orthogonal transmission mode is determined based on whether the UE supports idle / inactive beam management, or the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith are determined based on whether the UE supports idle / inactive beam management.

[0214] Optionally, the beam management includes at least one of the following:

[0215] Send uplink reference signals, such as SRS, for uplink beam training;

[0216] Receive downlink reference signals, such as CSI-RS, for downlink beam training, and report corresponding measurements;

[0217] Preset matching conditions, such as using the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set when beam management is not supported;

[0218] Remove unusable non-orthogonal transmission modes from the configured non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature sets, such as private streams based on non-codebook RSMA or MU-MIMO transmission.

[0219] Preset matching conditions, and use corresponding non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature sets when beam management is supported.

[0220] For another example, the non-orthogonal transmission mode is determined based on whether the UE can perform location management / positioning in idle / inactive state, or the non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith are determined based on whether the UE can perform location management / positioning in idle / inactive state.

[0221] Optionally, location management includes but is not limited to only the following:

[0222] Measure the distance between the terminal and one or more TRPs;

[0223] Measure Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and obtain coordinates;

[0224] Estimate the terminal location based on the cell identifier.

[0225] For another example, a matching condition may be preset, such as using a corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set when location management or positioning is not supported; or removing unusable non-orthogonal transmission modes, such as a symbol superposition-based transmission method, from the configured non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set. Alternatively, a matching condition may be preset, such as using a corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature set when location management or positioning is supported.

[0226] In some embodiments, the non-orthogonal data transmission method 200 further includes:

[0227] The terminal receives first information;

[0228] Among them, the first information is used to configure or indicate at least one of the following: some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, and signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes.

[0229] In this embodiment, the terminal may determine some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes based on the first information, or the terminal may determine signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes based on the first information, or the terminal may determine some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes based on the first information, or the terminal may determine signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes based on the first information. Thus, the terminal may be informed of how to perform MT-SDT or MO-SDT.

[0230] In some embodiments, the first information is carried by at least one of the following:

[0231] Paging message, control channel for scheduling paging (such as PDCCH), data channel carrying paging (such as PDSCH), RRC release message, system message, synchronization signal block (Synchronization Signal Block, SSB).

[0232] The SSB described in the embodiments of the present application can be used interchangeably with the synchronization signal / physical broadcast signal block (SS / PBCH block), and can also be called any information block or resource block that contains at least one of a synchronization signal, a broadcast signal, a broadcast channel, other system messages, and a downlink broadcast channel.

[0233] In some embodiments, when the first information is carried by a control channel scheduling paging, at least two control channels scheduling paging (such as PDCCHs) are used to schedule a data channel carrying paging (such as PDSCH);

[0234] In which, the data channel (such as PDSCH) scheduled by the at least two scheduling paging control channels (such as PDCCH) carries downlink data transmitted on the same time-frequency resources based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the data channel (such as PDSCH) scheduled by the at least two scheduling paging control channels (such as PDCCH) does not carry the first downlink data.

[0235] Exemplarily, one PDSCH can be scheduled by at least two PDCCHs, and the PDSCH can carry multiple TBs or multiple data streams of one TB. These TBs or data streams are multiplexed on the same time-frequency resources through non-orthogonal transmission, and each TB or each data stream is scheduled by one PDCCH. For example, for a method based on superimposed symbol transmission, the TRP can carry multiple MT-SDT TBs for a UE on different layers, and inform the UE how to parse the signals of the corresponding layers through their respective PDCCHs. For example, the PDSCH can simply multiplex the Paging PDSCH of multiple UE Paging messages without carrying MT-SDT.

[0236] In some embodiments, the first information is configuration information of the paging terminal granularity (per Paging UE), or the first information is configuration information of the paging record granularity (per Paging Record), or the first information is configuration information of the paging record list granularity (per Paging Record List), or the first information is configuration information of the paging message granularity (per Paging message).

[0237] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information at the paging terminal granularity (per Paging UE), a new configuration field is introduced in the Paging UE ID to indicate the non-orthogonal transmission mode of SDT (such as MT-SDT or MO-SDT) and the corresponding signature. Specifically, per Paging UE, configuration can be performed at the smallest granularity, assigning a unique non-orthogonal transmission mode and corresponding signature set to each UE.

[0238] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of a paging record granularity (per Paging Record), the first information is a newly added field in the paging record, and the first information includes a first container or a first parameter group;

[0239] The first container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith, the at least two terminals being terminals corresponding to the paging record, and the at least two terminals including the terminal;

[0240] The first parameter group includes a group of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record.

[0241] Exemplarily, a new configuration field is introduced into the paging record to instruct all UEs in the record to adopt the non-orthogonal transmission mode of SDT (such as MT-SDT or MO-SDT) and the corresponding Signature set.

[0242] For example, the new configuration field (i.e., the first information) in the paging record (Paging Record) can be a container (i.e., the first container) containing a set of parameters configured for multiple UEs, or a set of parameter configurations that are effective for all UEs (i.e., the first parameter group). For a set of parameter containers (i.e., the first container), the configuration is still performed per Paging UE, but is configured in the form of a container in the PagingRecord. For a set of parameter configurations that are effective for all UEs (i.e., the first parameter group), a group of UEs will reuse the same parameters, but some methods are needed to obtain different parameters per UE based on a set of the same parameters, according to mapping or randomization methods, that is, the non-orthogonal transmission method and Signature actually adopted by the UE are not completely different.

[0243] Optionally, when the first information includes the first parameter group, each terminal determines a corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0244] Part or all of the terminal identification (UE ID), paging occasion (PO), system frame number (SFN), preset parameters (can also be a preset calculation method).

[0245] Exemplarily, the terminal can obtain an index based on a complete UE ID (such as a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI), a Globally Unique Temporary Identity (GUTI)) or a partial UE ID mapping (or through a given calculation method), where the index corresponds to a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and corresponding signature indexes. Alternatively, the terminal can map (or through a given calculation method) a complete UE ID (such as a TMSI, a GUTI) or a partial UE ID to two indexes, corresponding to a non-orthogonal transmission mode and a signature, respectively.

[0246] Exemplarily, the terminal may also use time information such as Paging Occasion and SFN as input for mapping or operation to obtain an index corresponding to a group of non-orthogonal transmission modes and corresponding signature indexes.

[0247] For example, in the case where the signature is not a discrete value, such as a power allocation factor, an operation method can be directly defined to directly obtain the value of the signature without obtaining an index.

[0248] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of a paging record list granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging record list, and the first information includes one of the following: a second container, a third container, a second parameter group;

[0249] The second container includes at least two first sub-containers, and each first sub-container in the at least two first sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith;

[0250] The third container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging records and signature information associated therewith;

[0251] The second parameter group includes a group of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list.

[0252] Exemplarily, a new configuration field (ie, first information) is introduced into the PagingRecordList to instruct all UEs in the RecordList to adopt the non-orthogonal transmission mode of SDT (such as MT-SDT or MO-SDT) and the corresponding Signature.

[0253] For example, the new configuration field (i.e., the first information) in the PagingRecordList can be a container (i.e., the second container) containing multiple PagingRecord parameter containers, or a container (i.e., the third container) containing multiple parameters that are valid per Paging Record, or a set of parameters that are valid for all UEs (i.e., the second parameter group). For the container (i.e., the second container) containing multiple PagingRecord parameter containers, it is still configured per Paging UE, but the two-layer container form is configured in the PagingRecordList. For the container (i.e., the third container) containing multiple parameter containers that are valid per Paging Record, a group of UEs in a Record will reuse the same parameters, which requires some methods to obtain different parameters per UE based on a set of the same parameters, according to mapping or randomization methods, that is, the non-orthogonal transmission method and Signature adopted by the actual UE are not completely different. For a set of parameters that are effective for all UEs (i.e., the second parameter group), all UEs in all Records in the PagingRecordList will reuse the same parameters. This requires some methods to obtain different parameters for each UE based on a set of the same parameters, according to mapping or randomization methods. That is, the non-orthogonal transmission mode and Signature adopted by the actual UE are not completely different.

[0254] Optionally, when the first information includes the third container or the second parameter group, each terminal determines a corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0255] Part or all of the terminal identification (UE ID), paging occasion (PO), system frame number (SFN), preset parameters (can also be a preset calculation method).

[0256] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of paging message granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging message, and the first information includes one of the following: a fourth container, a fifth container, a sixth container, a third parameter group;

[0257] The fourth container includes at least two second sub-containers, the at least two second sub-containers include at least two third sub-containers, and each third sub-container in the at least third sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith.

[0258] The fifth container includes at least two fourth sub-containers, and each of the at least two fourth sub-containers includes a non-orthogonal transmission mode valid for at least two paging records and signature information associated therewith.

[0259] The sixth container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging record lists and signature information associated therewith;

[0260] The third parameter group includes a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list.

[0261] Exemplarily, a new configuration field (ie, first information) is introduced into the Paging message to instruct all UEs in the Paging message to adopt the non-orthogonal transmission mode of SDT (such as MT-SDT or MO-SDT) and the corresponding Signature.

[0262] For example, the new configuration field (i.e., the first information) in the Paging message can be a three-layer container (container) containing multiple PagingRecordList parameters (granularity to per Paging UE) (i.e., the fourth container), or a two-layer container (container) of PagingRecordList parameters (granularity to per PagingRecord) (i.e., the fifth container), or a one-layer container (container) of PagingRecordList parameters (granularity to per PagingRecordList) (i.e., the sixth container), or it is effective for all UEs (i.e., the third parameter group).

[0263] Optionally, when the first information includes the fifth container or the sixth container or the third parameter group, each terminal determines a corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0264] Part or all of the terminal identification, paging occasion, SFN, preset parameters (can also be preset calculation method).

[0265] Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, the first downlink data and at least one paging message may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, at least two data units obtained by splitting the first downlink data and at least one paging message may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, one data unit obtained by combining the first downlink data and at least two paging messages may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, the first downlink data and at least one downlink data may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, the downlink data may be non-orthogonally transmitted based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, thereby improving the downlink data transmission capacity (including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) in an idle or deactivated state. Alternatively, the first uplink data can be multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, the uplink data can be transmitted non-orthogonally based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, which can improve the uplink data transmission capacity (including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) in the idle or deactivated state.

[0266] The non-orthogonal data transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be performed by a non-orthogonal data transmission device, or a processing unit within the non-orthogonal data transmission device configured to perform the non-orthogonal data transmission method. The embodiments of the present application illustrate the non-orthogonal data transmission device provided in the embodiments of the present application by taking the non-orthogonal data transmission device performing the non-orthogonal data transmission method as an example.

[0267] FIG6 shows a schematic block diagram of a non-orthogonal data transmission device 300 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG6 , the non-orthogonal data transmission device 300 includes:

[0268] The transceiver unit 310 is configured to receive first downlink data or send first uplink data;

[0269] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0270] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0271] In some embodiments, the at least two data units are obtained by splitting the at least one paging message based on at least one of the following levels:

[0272] Paged terminal, paged terminal group, paging record.

[0273] In some embodiments, the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, or the at least one downlink data is downlink data of another terminal, or the first downlink data and the at least one downlink data are different parts of specific downlink data; or

[0274] The at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, or the at least one uplink data is uplink data of another terminal, or the first uplink data and the at least one uplink data are different parts of specific uplink data.

[0275] In some embodiments, when the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information; or,

[0276] In the case where the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information.

[0277] In some embodiments, the non-orthogonal transmission device 300 for data is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions, or, the non-orthogonal transmission device 300 for data is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission groups, or, the non-orthogonal transmission device 300 for data is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions within the same repeated transmission group.

[0278] In some embodiments, when the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel; or,

[0279] In the case where at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel.

[0280] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirements of the terminal, reliability requirements of the data stream, the distance between the non-orthogonal data transmission device 300 and the network side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the non-orthogonal data transmission device 300 to the network side device, and relevant information of the downlink channel from the network side device to the non-orthogonal data transmission device 300; or,

[0281] The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirements of the terminal, reliability requirements of the data stream, the distance between the non-orthogonal transmission device 300 for data and the network side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the non-orthogonal transmission device 300 for data to the network side device, and relevant information of the downlink channel from the network side device to the non-orthogonal transmission device 300 for data.

[0282] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: radio resource control RRC state, the size of downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in idle state or deactivated state, and whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in idle state or deactivated state; or,

[0283] The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: RRC state, the size of the downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in idle state or deactivated state, and whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in idle state or deactivated state.

[0284] In some embodiments, the transceiver unit 310 is further configured to receive first information;

[0285] Among them, the first information is used to configure or indicate at least one of the following: some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, and signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes.

[0286] In some embodiments, the first information is carried by at least one of the following:

[0287] Paging message, control channel for scheduling paging, data channel carrying paging, RRC release message, system message, synchronization signal block SSB.

[0288] In some embodiments, when the first information is carried by a control channel for scheduling paging, at least two control channels for scheduling paging are used to schedule a data channel carrying paging;

[0289] In which, the data channel scheduled by the at least two scheduling paging control channels carries downlink data transmitted on the same time-frequency resources based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the data channel scheduled by the at least two scheduling paging control channels does not carry the first downlink data.

[0290] In some embodiments, the first information is configuration information of the paging terminal granularity, or the first information is configuration information of the paging record granularity, or the first information is configuration information of the paging record list granularity, or the first information is configuration information of the paging message granularity.

[0291] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of paging record granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging record, and the first information includes a first container or a first parameter group;

[0292] The first container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith, and the at least two terminals belong to the terminals corresponding to the paging record;

[0293] The first parameter group includes a group of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record.

[0294] In some embodiments, when the first information includes the first parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0295] Partial or complete terminal identification, paging occasion, system frame number SFN, and preset parameters.

[0296] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of a paging record list granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging record list, and the first information includes one of the following: a second container, a third container, a second parameter group;

[0297] The second container includes at least two first sub-containers, and each first sub-container in the at least two first sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith;

[0298] The third container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging records and signature information associated therewith;

[0299] The second parameter group includes a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list.

[0300] In some embodiments, when the first information includes the third container or the second parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0301] Partial or complete terminal identification, paging occasion, SFN, and preset parameters.

[0302] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of paging message granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging message, and the first information includes one of the following: a fourth container, a fifth container, a sixth container, a third parameter group;

[0303] The fourth container includes at least two second sub-containers, the at least two second sub-containers include at least two third sub-containers, and each third sub-container in the at least third sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith.

[0304] The fifth container includes at least two fourth sub-containers, and each of the at least two fourth sub-containers includes a non-orthogonal transmission mode valid for at least two paging records and signature information associated therewith;

[0305] The sixth container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging record lists and signature information associated therewith;

[0306] The third parameter group includes a group of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list.

[0307] In some embodiments, when the first information includes the fifth container or the sixth container or the third parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0308] Partial or complete terminal identification, paging occasion, SFN, and preset parameters.

[0309] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: a symbol extension-based mode, a bit interleaving-based mode, a bit scrambling-based mode, a symbol interleaving-based mode, a symbol scrambling-based mode, a superimposed symbol transmission-based mode, a rate splitting-based mode, and a space division-based mode;

[0310] The signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following: a symbol extension sequence, a bit interleaver or a bit interleaving method, a bit scrambling sequence or a method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, a symbol interleaver or a symbol interleaving method, a symbol scrambling sequence or a method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, a bit-to-symbol mapping method, a bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, a rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) public stream or a multi-user superposition transmission MUST layer index or a MUST power allocation factor or a MUST modulation mode, an RSMA private stream or a multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) precoding or beam or a MU-MIMO demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port;

[0311] or,

[0312] The N non-orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: a symbol extension-based mode, a bit interleaving-based mode, a bit scrambling-based mode, a symbol interleaving-based mode, a symbol scrambling-based mode, a superimposed symbol transmission-based mode, a rate splitting-based mode, and a space division-based mode;

[0313] The signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following: a symbol extension sequence, a bit interleaver or a bit interleaving method, a bit scrambling sequence or a method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, a symbol interleaver or a symbol interleaving method, a symbol scrambling sequence or a method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, a bit-to-symbol mapping method, a bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, an RSMA public stream or a MUST layer index or a MUST power allocation factor or a MUST modulation method, an RSMA private stream or a MU-MIMO precoding or beam or a MU-MIMO DMRS port.

[0314] In some embodiments, the transceiver unit 310 may be a communication interface or a transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or a system on chip.

[0315] It should be understood that the non-orthogonal data transmission device 300 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the terminal in the method embodiment of the present application, and the various units in the non-orthogonal data transmission device 300 are respectively for implementing the corresponding processes of the terminal in the method 200 shown in Figure 5. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0316] Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, the first downlink data and at least one paging message may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, at least two data units obtained by splitting the first downlink data and at least one paging message may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, one data unit obtained by combining the first downlink data and at least two paging messages may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, the first downlink data and at least one downlink data may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, the downlink data may be non-orthogonally transmitted based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, thereby improving the downlink data transmission capacity (including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) in an idle or deactivated state. Alternatively, the first uplink data can be multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, the uplink data can be transmitted non-orthogonally based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, which can improve the uplink data transmission capacity (including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) in the idle or deactivated state.

[0317] FIG7 shows a schematic block diagram of a non-orthogonal data transmission device 400 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7 , the non-orthogonal data transmission device 400 includes:

[0318] The transceiver unit 410 is configured to send first downlink data or receive first uplink data;

[0319] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0320] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0321] In some embodiments, the at least two data units are obtained by splitting the at least one paging message based on at least one of the following levels:

[0322] Paged terminal, paged terminal group, paging record.

[0323] In some embodiments, the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, or the at least one downlink data is downlink data of another terminal, or the first downlink data and the at least one downlink data are different parts of specific downlink data; or

[0324] The at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, or the at least one uplink data is uplink data of another terminal, or the first uplink data and the at least one uplink data are different parts of specific uplink data.

[0325] In some embodiments, when the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information; or,

[0326] In the case where the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different non-orthogonal transmission mode sets, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same non-orthogonal transmission mode set and the same signature information.

[0327] In some embodiments, the transceiver unit 410 is further configured to send configuration information to the terminal;

[0328] In which, the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions, or, the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission groups, or, the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions within the same repeated transmission group.

[0329] In some embodiments, when the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel; or,

[0330] In the case where at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminals in the paging record list, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel.

[0331] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirement of the terminal, reliability requirement of the data stream, distance between the terminal and the non-orthogonal transmission device 400 for data, relevant information of an uplink channel from the terminal to the non-orthogonal transmission device 400 for data, and relevant information of a downlink channel from the non-orthogonal transmission device 400 for data to the terminal; or,

[0332] The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirements of the terminal, reliability requirements of the data stream, the distance between the terminal and the non-orthogonal transmission device 400 for data, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the non-orthogonal transmission device 400 for data, and relevant information of the downlink channel from the non-orthogonal transmission device 400 for data to the terminal.

[0333] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: radio resource control RRC state, the size of downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in idle state or deactivated state, and whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in idle state or deactivated state; or,

[0334] The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: RRC state, the size of the downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in idle state or deactivated state, and whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in idle state or deactivated state.

[0335] In some embodiments, the transceiver unit 410 is further configured to send the first information;

[0336] Among them, the first information is used to configure or indicate at least one of the following: some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, and signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes.

[0337] In some embodiments, the first information is carried by at least one of the following:

[0338] Paging message, control channel for scheduling paging, data channel carrying paging, RRC release message, system message, synchronization signal block SSB.

[0339] In some embodiments, when the first information is carried by a control channel for scheduling paging, at least two control channels for scheduling paging are used to schedule a data channel carrying paging;

[0340] In which, the data channel scheduled by the at least two scheduling paging control channels carries downlink data transmitted on the same time-frequency resources based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the data channel scheduled by the at least two scheduling paging control channels does not carry the first downlink data.

[0341] In some embodiments, the first information is configuration information of the paging terminal granularity, or the first information is configuration information of the paging record granularity, or the first information is configuration information of the paging record list granularity, or the first information is configuration information of the paging message granularity.

[0342] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of paging record granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging record, and the first information includes a first container or a first parameter group;

[0343] The first container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith, the at least two terminals being terminals corresponding to the paging record, and the at least two terminals including the terminal;

[0344] The first parameter group includes a group of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record.

[0345] In some embodiments, when the first information includes the first parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0346] Partial or complete terminal identification, paging occasion, system frame number SFN, and preset parameters.

[0347] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of a paging record list granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging record list, and the first information includes one of the following: a second container, a third container, a second parameter group;

[0348] The second container includes at least two first sub-containers, and each first sub-container in the at least two first sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith;

[0349] The third container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging records and signature information associated therewith;

[0350] The second parameter group includes a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list.

[0351] In some embodiments, when the first information includes the third container or the second parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0352] Partial or complete terminal identification, paging occasion, SFN, and preset parameters.

[0353] In some embodiments, when the first information is configuration information of paging message granularity, the first information is a newly added field in the paging message, and the first information includes one of the following: a fourth container, a fifth container, a sixth container, a third parameter group;

[0354] The fourth container includes at least two second sub-containers, the at least two second sub-containers include at least two third sub-containers, and each third sub-container in the at least third sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals and signature information associated therewith.

[0355] The fifth container includes at least two fourth sub-containers, and each of the at least two fourth sub-containers includes a non-orthogonal transmission mode valid for at least two paging records and signature information associated therewith;

[0356] The sixth container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging record lists and signature information associated therewith;

[0357] The third parameter group includes a group of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list.

[0358] In some embodiments, when the first information includes the fifth container or the sixth container or the third parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following:

[0359] Partial or complete terminal identification, paging occasion, SFN, and preset parameters.

[0360] In some embodiments, the M non-orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: a symbol extension-based mode, a bit interleaving-based mode, a bit scrambling-based mode, a symbol interleaving-based mode, a symbol scrambling-based mode, a superimposed symbol transmission-based mode, a rate splitting-based mode, and a space division-based mode;

[0361] The signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following: a symbol extension sequence, a bit interleaver or a bit interleaving method, a bit scrambling sequence or a method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, a symbol interleaver or a symbol interleaving method, a symbol scrambling sequence or a method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, a bit-to-symbol mapping method, a bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, a rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) public stream or a multi-user superposition transmission MUST layer index or a MUST power allocation factor or a MUST modulation mode, an RSMA private stream or a multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) precoding or beam or a MU-MIMO demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port;

[0362] or,

[0363] The N non-orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: a symbol extension-based mode, a bit interleaving-based mode, a bit scrambling-based mode, a symbol interleaving-based mode, a symbol scrambling-based mode, a superimposed symbol transmission-based mode, a rate splitting-based mode, and a space division-based mode;

[0364] The signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following: a symbol extension sequence, a bit interleaver or a bit interleaving method, a bit scrambling sequence or a method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, a symbol interleaver or a symbol interleaving method, a symbol scrambling sequence or a method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, a bit-to-symbol mapping method, a bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, an RSMA public stream or a MUST layer index or a MUST power allocation factor or a MUST modulation method, an RSMA private stream or a MU-MIMO precoding or beam or a MU-MIMO DMRS port.

[0365] In some embodiments, the transceiver unit 410 may be a communication interface or a transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or a system on chip.

[0366] It should be understood that the non-orthogonal data transmission device 400 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the network side device in the method embodiment of the present application, and the various units in the non-orthogonal data transmission device 400 are respectively for implementing the corresponding processes of the network side device in the method 200 shown in Figure 5. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0367] Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, the first downlink data and at least one paging message may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, at least two data units obtained by splitting the first downlink data and at least one paging message may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, one data unit obtained by combining the first downlink data and at least two paging messages may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. Alternatively, the first downlink data and at least one downlink data may be multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, the downlink data may be non-orthogonally transmitted based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, thereby improving the downlink data transmission capacity (including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) in an idle or deactivated state. Alternatively, the first uplink data can be multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes. That is, the uplink data can be transmitted non-orthogonally based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, which can improve the uplink data transmission capacity (including the number of concurrent users and transmission throughput) in the idle or deactivated state.

[0368] The non-orthogonal transmission device for data in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or a network-side device, or can be a device other than a terminal or a network-side device. For example, the terminal can include but is not limited to the types of the terminal 11 listed above, the network-side device can include but is not limited to the types of the network-side device 12 listed above, and other devices can be servers, network attached storage (NAS), etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0369] The non-orthogonal data transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiment of Figure 5 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0370] As shown in FIG8 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 500 , including a processor 501 and a memory 502 , where the memory 502 stores programs or instructions that can be run on the processor 501 .

[0371] For example, when the communication device 500 is a terminal, the program or instruction is executed by the processor 501 to implement the various steps performed by the terminal in the embodiment of the non-orthogonal transmission method of the above data, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0372] For another example, when the communication device 500 is a network side device, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 501, the various steps performed by the network side device in the embodiment of the non-orthogonal transmission method of the above data are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0373] The present application also provides a terminal comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps performed by the terminal in the method embodiment shown in FIG5 . This terminal embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned terminal-side method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the aforementioned method embodiment is applicable to this terminal embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. Specifically, FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal implementing an embodiment of the present application.

[0374] The terminal 600 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 601, a network module 602, an audio output unit 603, an input unit 604, a sensor 605, a display unit 606, a user input unit 607, an interface unit 608, a memory 609 and at least some of the components of the processor 610.

[0375] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terminal 600 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 610 through a power management system, thereby implementing functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The terminal structure shown in FIG9 does not constitute a limitation of the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be described in detail here.

[0376] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the input unit 604 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 6041 and a microphone 6042, and the graphics processor 6041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 606 may include a display panel 6061, and the display panel 6061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 607 includes a touch panel 6071 and at least one of other input devices 6072. The touch panel 6071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 6071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 6072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and a joystick, which will not be repeated here.

[0377] In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving downlink data from a network-side device, the radio frequency unit 601 may transmit the data to the processor 610 for processing. Furthermore, the radio frequency unit 601 may send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 601 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like.

[0378] The memory 609 can be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 609 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, applications or instructions required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.). In addition, the memory 609 may include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct memory bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 609 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0379] Processor 610 may include at least one processing unit. Optionally, processor 610 integrates an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 610.

[0380] The radio frequency unit 601 is configured to receive first downlink data or send first uplink data;

[0381] The first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources; or, the first downlink data is multiplexed with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and transmitted on the same time-frequency resources, where M is a positive integer and M≥2;

[0382] The first uplink data is multiplexed with at least one uplink data and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, where N is a positive integer and N≥2.

[0383] It can be understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0384] The present application also provides a network-side device, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps performed by the network-side device in the method embodiment shown in FIG5 . This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned network-side device method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the aforementioned method embodiment is applicable to this network-side device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. For the sake of brevity, they are not further described here.

[0385] Specifically, embodiments of the present application also provide a network-side device. As shown in Figure 10, the network-side device 700 includes an antenna 71, a radio frequency device 72, a baseband device 73, a processor 74, and a memory 75. Antenna 71 is connected to radio frequency device 72. In the uplink direction, radio frequency device 72 receives information via antenna 71 and sends the received information to baseband device 73 for processing. In the downlink direction, baseband device 73 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to radio frequency device 72. Radio frequency device 72 processes the received information and then sends it through antenna 71.

[0386] The method executed by the network-side device in the above embodiment may be implemented in the baseband device 73 , which includes a baseband processor.

[0387] The baseband device 73 may include, for example, at least one baseband board, on which at least two chips are provided, as shown in FIG10 , one of the chips being, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 75 through a bus interface to call the program in the memory 75 and execute the network device operations shown in the above method embodiment.

[0388] The network side device may further include a network interface 76, which is, for example, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0389] Specifically, the network side device 700 of the embodiment of the present application also includes: instructions or programs stored in the memory 75 and can be run on the processor 74. The processor 74 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 75 to execute the method executed by each unit shown in Figure 7 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0390] An embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned non-orthogonal transmission method embodiment of the data are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0391] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0392] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned non-orthogonal data transmission method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0393] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0394] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium. The computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned non-orthogonal data transmission method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0395] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, including: a terminal and a network-side device, wherein the terminal can be used to execute the steps performed by the terminal in the non-orthogonal transmission method for data as described above, and the network-side device can be used to execute the steps performed by the network-side device in the non-orthogonal transmission method for data as described above.

[0396] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0397] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of a computer software product plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0398] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms of implementation methods without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims. These implementation methods are all within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A non-orthogonal transmission method for data, comprising: The terminal receives first downlink data, or the terminal transmits first uplink data; Wherein, the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with one data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, M is a positive integer, and M≥2; Wherein, the first uplink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one uplink data based on N non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission methods, N is a positive integer, and N≥2.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The at least two data units are obtained by splitting the at least one paging message based on at least one of the following levels: The paged terminal, the paged terminal group, the paging record.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, or the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, or the first downlink data and the at least one downlink data are different parts of specific downlink data; or, The at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, or the at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, or the first uplink data and the at least one uplink data are different parts of specific uplink data.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, In the case where the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission methods and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission methods and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission methods, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission methods, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission methods and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission methods and the same signature information; Or, In the case where the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the terminal is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level combining of data of different repeated transmission versions, or the terminal is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level combining of data of different repeated transmission groups, or the terminal is configured to allow symbol-level or bit-level combining of data of different repeated transmission versions within the same repeated transmission group.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the case where the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel; or in the case where the at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: the priority information of the terminal, the priority information of the data stream, the reliability requirement of the terminal, the reliability requirement of the data stream, the distance between the terminal and the network-side device, the relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, the relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal; Or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: the priority information of the terminal, the priority information of the data stream, the reliability requirement of the terminal, the reliability requirement of the data stream, the distance between the terminal and the network-side device, the relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, the relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: the radio resource control (RRC) state, the size of the downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or the deactivated state, whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or the deactivated state; or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: the RRC state, the size of the downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or the deactivated state, whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or the deactivated state.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein The method further includes: The terminal receives first information; Wherein, the first information is used to configure or indicate at least one of the following: some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, the signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, the signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The first information is carried by at least one of the following: A paging message, a control channel for scheduling paging, a data channel carrying paging, an RRC release message, a system message, a synchronization signal block (SSB).

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, When the first information is carried by the control channel for scheduling paging, at least two control channels for scheduling paging are used to schedule a data channel carrying paging; Among them, the data channel scheduled by the at least two control channels for scheduling paging carries downlink data multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the data channel scheduled by the at least two control channels for scheduling paging does not carry the first downlink data.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paged terminal, or the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record, or the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record list, or the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging message.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein when the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record, the first information is a new field in the paging record, and the first information includes a first container or a first parameter group; wherein the first container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively configured for at least two terminals and the signature information associated therewith, the at least two terminals belong to the terminals corresponding to the paging record, and the at least two terminals include the terminal; wherein the first parameter group includes a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein when the first information includes the first parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: part or all of the terminal identifiers, paging occasion, system frame number SFN, preset parameters.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein when the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record list, the first information is a new field in the paging record list, and the first information includes one of the following: a second container, a third container, a second parameter group; wherein the second container includes at least two first sub-containers, and each of the at least two first sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively configured for at least two terminals and the signature information associated therewith; wherein the third container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith that are effective for at least two paging records respectively; wherein the second parameter group includes a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein when the first information includes the third container or the second parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: part or all of the terminal identifiers, paging occasion, SFN, preset parameters.

17. The method according to claim 10, wherein When the first information is the configuration information of the paging message granularity, the first information is a new field in the paging message, and the first information includes one of the following: a fourth container, a fifth container, a sixth container, and a third parameter set; Wherein, the fourth container includes at least two second sub-containers, the at least two second sub-containers include at least two third sub-containers, and each of the at least third sub-containers in the third sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals respectively and signature information associated therewith; Wherein, the fifth container includes at least two fourth sub-containers, and each of the at least two fourth sub-containers in the fourth sub-containers includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging records and signature information associated therewith; Wherein, the sixth container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes respectively effective for at least two paging record lists and signature information associated therewith; Wherein, the third parameter set includes a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list and signature information associated therewith.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, When the first information includes the fifth container or the sixth container or the third parameter set, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: Partial or all terminal identifiers, paging occasions, SFN, preset parameters.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein, The M non-orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: based on symbol extension mode, based on bit interleaving mode, based on bit scrambling mode, based on symbol interleaving mode, based on symbol scrambling mode, based on superimposed symbol transmission mode, based on rate splitting mode, based on space division mode; The signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following: symbol extension sequence, bit interleaver or bit interleaving method, bit scrambling sequence or method for generating bit scrambling sequence, symbol interleaver or symbol interleaving method, symbol scrambling sequence or method for generating symbol scrambling sequence, mapping method from bit to symbol, mapping method from bit sequence to symbol sequence, rate splitting multiple access RSMA public stream or layer index of multi-user superposition transmission MUST or power allocation factor of MUST or modulation mode of MUST, RSMA private stream or precoding or beam of multi-user multiple input multiple output MU-MIMO or demodulation reference signal DMRS port of MU-MIMO; Or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: based on symbol extension mode, based on bit interleaving mode, based on bit scrambling mode, based on symbol interleaving mode, based on symbol scrambling mode, based on superimposed symbol transmission mode, based on rate splitting mode, based on space division mode; The signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission methods includes at least one of the following: symbol extension sequence, bit interleaver or bit interleaving method, bit scrambling sequence or method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, symbol interleaver or symbol interleaving method, symbol scrambling sequence or method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, bit-to-symbol mapping method, bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, RSMA common stream or layer index of MUST or power allocation factor of MUST or modulation method of MUST, RSMA private stream or precoding of MU-MIMO or beam or DMRS port of MU-MIMO.

20. A non-orthogonal transmission method for data, comprising: The network-side device sends first downlink data, or the network-side device receives first uplink data; Wherein, the first downlink data is multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, or the first downlink data is multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, or the first downlink data is multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, or the first downlink data is multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission methods, M is a positive integer, and M≥2; Wherein, the first uplink data is multiplexed and transmitted on the same time-frequency resource with at least one uplink data based on N non-orthogonal transmission methods and signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission methods, N is a positive integer, and N≥2.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The at least two data units are obtained by splitting the at least one paging message based on at least one of the following levels: Paged terminal, paged terminal group, paging record.

22. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, or the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, or the first downlink data and the at least one downlink data are different parts of specific downlink data; or, The at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, or the at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, or the first uplink data and the at least one uplink data are different parts of specific uplink data.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, In the case where the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information; Or, In the case where the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, The method further includes: The network side device sends configuration information to the terminal; Wherein, the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions, or the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission groups, or the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to allow symbol-level or bit-level merging of data of different repeated transmission versions within the same repeated transmission group.

25. According to the method of claim 22, wherein, In the case where the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel; or, When at least one of the uplink data is the uplink data of other terminals, the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes is configured by a paging-related channel, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the identifier of the paged terminal, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are associated with the order of the paged terminal in the paging record list, or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are configured by a paging-related channel.

26. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 25, wherein the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirement of the terminal, reliability requirement of the data stream, distance between the terminal and the network-side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal; or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirement of the terminal, reliability requirement of the data stream, distance between the terminal and the network-side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal.

27. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 25, wherein the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) state, size of the downlink data to be transmitted, number of paged terminals, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or deactivated state, whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or deactivated state; or the N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: RRC state, size of the downlink data to be transmitted, number of paged terminals, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or deactivated state, whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or deactivated state.

28. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 27, wherein The method further includes: the network-side device sends first information; The first information is used to configure or indicate at least one of the following: some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, and signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the first information is carried by at least one of the following: a paging message, a control channel for scheduling paging, a data channel carrying paging, an RRC release message, a system message, a synchronization signal block SSB.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein when the first information is carried by a control channel for scheduling paging, at least two control channels for scheduling paging are used to schedule a data channel carrying paging; wherein the data channel scheduled by the at least two control channels for scheduling paging carries downlink data multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource based on the M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the data channel scheduled by the at least two control channels for scheduling paging does not carry the first downlink data.

31. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paged terminal, or the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record, or the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record list, or the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging message.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein when the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record, the first information is a new field in the paging record, and the first information includes a first container or a first parameter group; wherein the first container includes non-orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals respectively and signature information associated therewith, the at least two terminals belong to the terminals corresponding to the paging record, and the at least two terminals include the terminal; wherein the first parameter group includes a set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and signature information associated therewith that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein when the first information includes the first parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non-orthogonal transmission mode and the signature information associated therewith based on at least one of the following: some or all of the terminal identifiers, paging occasion, system frame number SFN, preset parameters.

34. The method according to claim 31, wherein when the first information is configuration information at the granularity of the paging record list, the first information is a new field in the paging record list, and the first information includes one of the following: a second container, a third container, a second parameter group; Wherein, the second container includes at least two first sub - containers, and each of the at least two first sub - containers includes non - orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals respectively and signature information associated therewith; Wherein, the third container includes non - orthogonal transmission modes and associated signature information that are effective for at least two paging records respectively; Wherein, the second parameter group includes a set of non - orthogonal transmission modes and associated signature information that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list; 35. The method according to claim 34, wherein, When the first information includes the third container or the second parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non - orthogonal transmission mode and associated signature information based on at least one of the following: Partial or all terminal identifiers, paging occasion, SFN, preset parameters.

36. The method according to claim 29, wherein, When the first information is configuration information of paging message granularity, the first information is a new field in the paging message, and the first information includes one of the following: a fourth container, a fifth container, a sixth container, a third parameter group; Wherein, the fourth container includes at least two second sub - containers, the at least two second sub - containers include at least two third sub - containers, and each of the at least third sub - containers includes non - orthogonal transmission modes configured for at least two terminals respectively and signature information associated therewith; Wherein, the fifth container includes at least two fourth sub - containers, and each of the at least two fourth sub - containers includes non - orthogonal transmission modes and associated signature information that are effective for at least two paging records respectively; Wherein, the sixth container includes non - orthogonal transmission modes and associated signature information that are effective for at least two paging record lists respectively; Wherein, the third parameter group includes a set of non - orthogonal transmission modes and associated signature information that are effective for all terminals corresponding to the paging record list; 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein, When the first information includes the fifth container or the sixth container or the third parameter group, each terminal determines the corresponding non - orthogonal transmission mode and associated signature information based on at least one of the following: Partial or all terminal identifiers, paging occasion, SFN, preset parameters.

38. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 37, wherein, The M non - orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: based on symbol extension mode, based on bit interleaving mode, based on bit scrambling mode, based on symbol interleaving mode, based on symbol scrambling mode, based on superposition symbol transmission mode, based on rate splitting mode, based on space division mode; The signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following: symbol extension sequence, bit interleaver or bit interleaving method, bit scrambling sequence or method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, symbol interleaver or symbol interleaving method, symbol scrambling sequence or method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, bit-to-symbol mapping method, bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, layer index of the rate-split multiple access (RSMA) common stream or multi-user superposition transmission (MUST), power allocation factor of MUST, modulation method of MUST, precoding or beamforming of the RSMA private stream or multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO), or demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port of MU-MIMO; Or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes include at least one of the following: symbol extension-based mode, bit interleaving-based mode, bit scrambling-based mode, symbol interleaving-based mode, symbol scrambling-based mode, superposition symbol transmission-based mode, rate-split-based mode, space-division-based mode; The signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes includes at least one of the following: symbol extension sequence, bit interleaver or bit interleaving method, bit scrambling sequence or method for generating a bit scrambling sequence, symbol interleaver or symbol interleaving method, symbol scrambling sequence or method for generating a symbol scrambling sequence, bit-to-symbol mapping method, bit sequence-to-symbol sequence mapping method, layer index of the RSMA common stream or MUST, power allocation factor of MUST, modulation method of MUST, precoding or beamforming of the RSMA private stream or MU-MIMO, or DMRS port of MU-MIMO.

39. A non-orthogonal transmission device for data, comprising: a transceiver unit configured to receive first downlink data, or transmit first uplink data; wherein the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with one data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, M is a positive integer and M≥2; wherein the first uplink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one uplink data based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, N is a positive integer and N≥2.

40. The device according to claim 39, wherein, The at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, or the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, or the first downlink data and the at least one downlink data are different parts of specific downlink data; or, The at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, or the at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, or the first uplink data and the at least one uplink data are different parts of specific uplink data.

41. The apparatus according to claim 40, wherein, When the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information; Or, When the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information, or different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information.

42. The apparatus according to any one of claims 39 to 41, wherein, The M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirement of the terminal, reliability requirement of the data stream, distance between the terminal and the network-side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal; Or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirement of the terminal, reliability requirement of the data stream, distance between the terminal and the network-side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal.

43. The apparatus according to any one of claims 39 to 41, wherein, The M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from a preset non-orthogonal transmission mode and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) state, size of downlink data to be transmitted, number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or deactivated state, whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or deactivated state; or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from a preset non-orthogonal transmission mode and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: RRC state, size of downlink data to be transmitted, number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or deactivated state, whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or deactivated state.

44. The apparatus according to any one of claims 39 to 43, wherein, The transceiver unit is further configured to receive first information; wherein the first information is used to configure or indicate at least one of the following: some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, the signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, the signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes.

45. A non-orthogonal transmission apparatus for data, comprising: a transceiver unit, configured to transmit first downlink data, or receive first uplink data; wherein the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least two data units obtained by splitting at least one paging message based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with a data unit obtained by combining at least two paging messages based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, or the first downlink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one downlink data based on M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, M is a positive integer and M≥2; wherein the first uplink data is multiplexed on the same time-frequency resource with at least one uplink data based on N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, N is a positive integer and N≥2.

46. The apparatus according to claim 45, wherein, the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, or the at least one downlink data is downlink data of other terminals, or the first downlink data and the at least one downlink data are different parts of specific downlink data; or, The at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, or, the at least one uplink data is uplink data of other terminals, or, the first uplink data and the at least one uplink data are different parts of specific uplink data.

47. The apparatus according to claim 46, wherein, When the at least one downlink data is a repeated transmission of the first downlink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or, different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or, different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or, different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information, or, different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information; Or, When the at least one uplink data is a repeated transmission of the first uplink data, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or, different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and different signature information, or, different repeated transmission versions correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or, different repeated transmission groups correspond to different sets of non-orthogonal transmission modes, or, different repeated transmission versions correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information, or, different repeated transmission groups correspond to the same set of non-orthogonal transmission modes and the same signature information.

48. The apparatus according to any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein, The M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirement of the terminal, reliability requirement of the data stream, distance between the terminal and the network-side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal; Or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined based on at least one of the following: priority information of the terminal, priority information of the data stream, reliability requirement of the terminal, reliability requirement of the data stream, distance between the terminal and the network-side device, relevant information of the uplink channel from the terminal to the network-side device, relevant information of the downlink channel from the network-side device to the terminal.

49. The apparatus according to any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein, The M non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the M non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from the preset non-orthogonal transmission modes and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) state, size of the downlink data to be transmitted, number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or deactivated state, whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or deactivated state; or, The N non-orthogonal transmission modes and the signature information associated with the N non-orthogonal transmission modes are determined from a preset non-orthogonal transmission mode and the associated signature information based on at least one of the following: RRC state, the size of the downlink data to be transmitted, the number of terminals to be paged, whether the terminal supports beam management in the idle state or deactivated state, and whether the terminal supports location management or positioning in the idle state or deactivated state.

50. The apparatus according to any one of claims 45 to 49, wherein the transceiver unit is further configured to send first information; wherein the first information is used to configure or indicate at least one of the following: some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, the signature information associated with some or all of the M non-orthogonal transmission modes, some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes, and the signature information associated with some or all of the N non-orthogonal transmission modes.

51. A terminal, comprising a transceiver, a processor, and a memory, where the memory stores a program or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the non-orthogonal transmission method of data according to any one of claims 1 to 19 are implemented.

52. A network-side device, comprising a transceiver, a processor, and a memory, where the memory stores a program or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the non-orthogonal transmission method of data according to any one of claims 20 to 38 are implemented.

53. A readable storage medium, wherein, A program or instructions are stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the non-orthogonal transmission method of data according to any one of claims 1 to 19 are implemented, or the steps of the non-orthogonal transmission method of data according to any one of claims 20 to 38 are implemented.

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