Tower crane

Abstract

The invention relates to a tower crane (1) having a crane tower (2); a jib (3); a counter-jib (4); a first trolley (5) which is provided on the jib (3), can be moved along the jib (3) and has a first lifting cable (8), in particular with a first load hook (9); a first lifting mechanism (7) with a first cable drum (10) for winding and unwinding the first lifting cable (8); and a second trolley (6) which is provided on the jib (3) and can be moved along the jib (3). In order to increase the capabilities of the tower crane (1) to manipulate a load (11, 27), the second trolley (6) has a second lifting cable (12), in particular with a second load hook (15), and the tower crane (1) has a second lifting mechanism (13) which can be actuated independently of the first lifting mechanism (7) and which has a second cable drum (14) for winding and unwinding the second lifting cable (12).

Description

[0001] tower crane

[0002] Technical area

[0003] The invention relates to a method for manipulating at least one load and a tower crane with a crane tower, with a boom, with a counter-jib, with a first trolley provided on the boom and movable along the boom, which has a first hoist rope, in particular with a first load hook, with a first hoisting gear with a first rope drum for winding and unwinding the first hoist rope, and with a second trolley provided on the boom and movable along the boom.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] Tower cranes with two rigidly connected trolleys are well known in the art. Such tower cranes are used for handling relatively large loads, such as containers. The two trolleys are movably mounted on the boom and both jointly carry a first hoist rope for lifting and lowering the load. For this purpose, a hoist with a first rope drum for winding and unwinding the shared hoist rope is provided on the counter-jib.

[0006] The disadvantage of such tower cranes is that they can only be used to lift and lower individual loads - other manipulation of loads, such as turning loads, cannot be performed by conventional tower cranes.

[0007] Description of the Invention The object of the invention is therefore to structurally modify a tower crane of the type described above in such a way that its load handling capabilities can be expanded. Furthermore, the tower crane should be structurally simple.

[0008] The invention solves the problem with regard to the tower crane by the features of claim 1.

[0009] If the second trolley has a second hoist rope, in particular with a second load hook, and the tower crane has a second hoist rope that can be operated independently of the first hoist rope and has a second rope drum for winding and unwinding the second hoist rope, a load to be manipulated can not only be lifted and lowered, but can also be tilted thanks to the independent control / regulation of the two hoist ropes. This opens up new possibilities for manipulating a load, which can significantly increase the usability of the tower crane according to the invention. This is also comparatively simple in terms of construction to manufacture, since known standard tower crane components can be used. The tower crane according to the invention is therefore not only more versatile but also cost-effective to manufacture.

[0010] Preferably, the first and second trolleys are provided on the boom so that they can be moved independently of each other, thus further increasing the possibilities for load manipulation. For example, this independence in dimensions allows not only more flexible turning of loads of different sizes, but also the simultaneous handling of different loads.

[0011] If the first and second trolleys are mechanically coupled for joint movement, this can further facilitate the control of the trolleys on the boom. For example, this can also eliminate the risk of collision between the trolleys. It is conceivable that this coupling could be rigidly implemented using a coupling rod. A movable connection using a threaded or hydraulic cylinder is also possible, allowing the distance between them to be changed and / or adjusted.

[0012] The design of the tower crane can be further simplified if the first and / or second hoisting gear is / are provided on the counter jib or crane tower. It is also conceivable that the first and / or second hoisting gear is / are provided on, in particular directly on, the respective trolley.

[0013] The above can be further improved if the first trolley is movably mounted on the boom via a first trolley undercarriage and / or the second trolley is or are movably mounted on the boom via a second trolley undercarriage.

[0014] For example, the manipulation of a load during turning can be further facilitated if the first and / or second load hook has at least one deflection pulley and at least one rope with two ends for attachment to a load, wherein the deflection pulley carries the rope.

[0015] Preferably, at least one spacer cable is provided between the first and / or second load hook and the respective pulley, from which the respective pulley is suspended. This allows relatively large loads to be handled with stability.

[0016] The boom preferably has at least one guide rail along which the two trolleys are slidably mounted. The boom preferably has a plurality of guide rails on which the two trolleys are slidably mounted. If the trolleys are slidably mounted together or each on two guide rails, then they are two-rail trolleys. For example, these two trolleys are slidably mounted along the at least one guide rail via their respective trolley chassis. It is conceivable that the first and second trolley are slidably mounted together along at least two guide rails of the at least one guide rail. This reduces the guide structure on the boom. However, this determines the arrangement of the trolley, for example into a front or rear trolley on the boom.

[0017] Alternatively, it is conceivable that the first and second trolleys are each mounted so that they can be moved along at least two guide rails of the at least one guide rail. This allows the arrangement of the first and second trolleys on the boom to be changed.

[0018] This is especially true when the first and second trolleys on the boom are mounted so that they can move past each other.

[0019] It is also conceivable that the guide rails run parallel to each other to further simplify the construction.

[0020] The design of the tower crane can be simplified, for example, if the boom has an upper chord and at least two lower chords, with either the first or the second guide rail being attached to the lower chords or with the two lower chords forming either the first or the second guide rail.

[0021] The design of the tower crane can be simplified, for example, if the first hoist rope and the second hoist rope are attached to one end of the boom.

[0022] The invention also aims to improve the handling of a method for manipulating a load with a tower crane.

[0023] The invention solves the stated problem with regard to the method by the features of claim 13 and / or 17. If the second hoist rope is wound up and subsequently or simultaneously the first hoist rope is unwound, a load can be turned in comparatively simple steps. This significantly simplifies the handling of the load and can also be carried out reproducibly with the tower crane according to the invention.

[0024] It is also conceivable that the load could be moved to a desired position via the trolleys and / or suspended from the tower crane. This could happen, for example, when the first hoist rope is free of load.

[0025] Turning the load can be further simplified if the rope running on the respective pulley attaches to the load with its two ends at different holding points.

[0026] For this purpose, it is conceivable that the first rope running on the first deflection pulley of the first load hook acts with its two ends on one side, in particular the long side, of the load and that the second rope running on the second deflection pulley of the second load hook acts with its two ends on another side, in particular the wide side, of the load.

[0027] As an alternative to turning the load, it is conceivable that the first trolley manipulates a first load and the second trolley manipulates a second load independently of each other.

[0028] Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the first hoist manipulates a first load and the second hoist manipulates a second load independently of each other.

[0029] Short description of the drawings

[0030] The figures show, for example, the subject matter of the invention in more detail using an embodiment variant.

[0031] Fig. 1 is a side view of a tower crane picking up a load, Fig. 2 is a detailed view of Fig. 1 on two trolleys of the tower crane shown in Fig. 1,

[0032] Fig. 3 shows a procedure for turning the load of the tower crane according to Fig.

[0033] 1 ,

[0034] Fig. 4 shows an alternative procedure for manipulating multiple loads with the tower crane according to Fig. 1 and

[0035] Fig.5a and 5b cross sections through a boom of the tower crane shown in Fig.1 with structurally different trolleys.

[0036] Way to implement the invention

[0037] According to Figures 1 and 2, for example, a tower crane 1 is shown, which has a crane tower 2, a boom 3, a counter-jib 4 and two trolleys 5, 6.

[0038] The two trolleys 5, 6 are provided on the boom 3 and can be moved along the boom 3, specifically along at least one guide rail 31a, 31b of the boom 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the boom 3 has two, namely a first and a second, parallel guide rails 31a, 31b, from which the trolleys 5, 6 hang via rollers, as can be seen in Fig. 5a. The trolleys 5, 6 are therefore designed as two-rail trolleys.

[0039] The first trolley 5 of the two trolleys 5, 6 has a first hoist rope 8 with a first load hook 9. For this purpose, the trolleys 5, 6, for example, with two sheaves, each have a single sheave lower flange with the respective load hook 9, 15. However, a four-sheave trolley and / or a two-sheave lower flange is also conceivable, which has not been illustrated in detail.

[0040] The first hoist 7 has a cable drum 10 on which the first hoist cable 8 is wound and unwound to raise or lower, and thus manipulate, load 11 suspended from the load hook 9. At the other end of the cable, the first hoist cable 8 is attached to the boom 3, particularly in the area of ​​its free end.

[0041] To turn the load 11, for example, according to the invention, the second trolley 6 has its own second hoist rope 12. For this purpose, the tower crane 1 also has a second hoist 13 that can be operated independently of the first hoist 7 and has a second rope drum 14 for winding and unwinding the second hoist rope 12. At the other end of the rope, the second hoist rope 12 is attached to the boom 3, particularly in the area of ​​its free end. This allows the load 11 to be turned—as shown in Fig. 3.

[0042] In addition, the first and second trolleys 5, 6 are provided on the boom 3 so that they can be moved independently of one another. This can be seen from the fact that each trolley 5, 6 has its own trolley undercarriage 16, 17, of which the trolley winches 16a, 17a installed on the boom 3 can be seen in Fig. 2. Thus, the first trolley 5 is movably mounted, namely mobile, on the boom 3 via a first trolley undercarriage 16, and the second trolley 6 is movably mounted, namely mobile, on the boom 3 via a second trolley undercarriage 17. Both trolley undercarriages 16, 17 are guided along the first and second, parallel guide rails 31a, 31b.

[0043] As can also be seen from Fig. 2, the first and second hoisting gear 7, 13 are provided on the counter jib 4, which simplifies the construction of the tower crane 1.

[0044] As can also be seen in detail in Fig. 3, the first and second load hooks 9, 15 each have a deflection pulley 18, 19, which each hangs with a spacer rope 20, 21 on the hook 22, 23 of the respective load hook 9, 15.

[0045] A rope 24, 25 runs around each of these pulleys 18, 19. The first rope 24 of the first pulley 18 engages with its two ends 24a, 24b on a first long side 11a of the load 11 at two spaced-apart holding points. The second rope 25 of the second pulley 19 engages with its two ends 25a, 25b on a first wide side 11b of the load 11 at two spaced-apart holding points.

[0046] With this construction, the load 11 can be turned and thus manipulated by the tower crane 1. In Fig. 3, three process steps A, B, and C of this manipulation of the load 11 are shown side by side.

[0047] In process step A, the load 11 is suspended horizontally in the longitudinal direction on the tower crane 1 via the two trolleys 5, 6.

[0048] In process step B, the second hoist rope 12 is wound up using the second hoist 13, and simultaneously the first hoist rope 8 is unwound using the first hoist 7. As a result, the load 11 begins to tilt compared to the position in process step A.

[0049] This process step is repeated until the position of the load 11 is adjusted according to process step C. Process step C shows the load 11 in the reversed position. In this reversed position, the first hoist rope 8 is also free of load. The entire weight of the load 11 is taken up by the second hoist rope 12.

[0050] The load 11 can then be placed on the ground by the tower crane 1 and then suspended. It is also conceivable that the load 11 is previously moved to a desired position by means of a movement of the two trolleys 5, 6.

[0051] It is also conceivable for the first and second trolleys 5, 6 to be coupled to one another in movement via a mechanical connection 26, namely - as shown in dashed lines in the exemplary embodiment in Fig. 2 - via a cylinder that adjusts the distance between the trolleys 5, 6. A coupling rod is also conceivable, but this has not been shown. This allows the control for the longitudinal movement of the first trolley 5 and the second trolley 6 to be identical, which can further simplify the design of the tower crane 1. However, it is preferred that the two trolleys 5, 6 be longitudinally movable independently of one another on the boom 3. A collision between the two independent trolleys 5, 6 can be prevented by a spring cylinder between them and / or by a control system, for example an electrical one.

[0052] Fig. 4 shows another possibility for manipulating loads 11, 27. Here, the tower crane 1 manipulates the first load 11 with the first trolley 5 and the second load 27 independently of each other with the second trolley 6. In this case, the two trolleys 5, 6 can be moved independently of each other.

[0053] The independent manipulation of loads 11 and 27 in vertical and horizontal directions enables significantly greater application possibilities for the tower crane 1. The control can be arranged electrically in the crane control unit and / or mechanically directly on the trolleys 5, 6.

[0054] As can be seen from Figures 1 to 5b, the supporting structure of the boom 3 is designed as a three-chord truss. For this purpose, the boom 3 has an upper chord 28 and at least two lower chords 29a, 29b, which are connected to one another via struts 30. The lower chord 29a carries the first guide rail 31a and the lower chord 29b carries the second guide rail 31a. However, it is also conceivable, although not shown in more detail, that the guide rails 31a, 31b are formed by the lower chords 29a, 29 themselves. It is also conceivable that the three-chord truss shown is used upside down, whereby the boom 3 now has two upper chords and one lower chord, on which lower chord, for example, a guide rail for the two trolleys is provided.

[0055] The trolleys 5, 6 shown in Fig. 5a have a U-shaped trolley frame 32 that encompasses the outer guide rails 31a, 31b. The two centrally arranged cable pulleys 33 for the respective hoist rope 8, 12 of the trolleys 5, 6, provided one behind the other, are arranged centrally on the trolley frame 32. Since the two trolleys 5, 6 share the guide rails 31a, 31b or are jointly mounted for displacement along the two guide rails 31a, 31b, the arrangement of the first and second trolleys 5, 6 as the rear and front trolleys on the boom 3 is fixed.

[0056] In contrast, the trolleys 105, 106 shown in Fig. 5b can change their arrangement on the boom 3. They are mounted on the boom 3 next to one another and can move past one another. For this purpose, a third and fourth guide rail 31c, 31d are provided on the boom 3, which are formed by a dual guide rail 34. However, it is also conceivable for the third and fourth guide rails 31c to be provided individually, parallel to one another, as indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 5b. The third and fourth guide rails 31c, 31d are provided between the outer first and second guide rails 31a, 31b on the boom 3.

[0057] The first trolley 105 is mounted for displacement along the outer first guide rail 31a and along the third guide rail 31c. The second trolley 106 is mounted for displacement along the outer second guide rail 31b and along the fourth guide rail 31d. Their trolley frames 132a and 132b are designed such that they can each be displaced collision-free relative to one another on a half-side of the boom 3.

[0058] Each trolley frame 132a and 132b carries, as in Fig. 5a, two cable pulleys 133a, 133b arranged one behind the other for the respective hoist rope 8, 12. These cable pulleys 133a, 133b are arranged - as shown in Fig. 5b - on the boom 3 essentially centrally and collision-free.

[0059] In general, it is noted that "in particular" can be translated into English as "more particularly." A feature preceded by "in particular" is to be considered an optional feature that can be omitted and thus does not constitute a limitation, for example, of the claims. The same applies to "vorzugsweise," translated into English as "preferably."

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Tower crane with a crane tower (2), with a jib (3), with a counter jib (4), with a first trolley (5) provided on the jib (3) and movable along the jib (3), which trolley has a first hoist rope (8), in particular with a first load hook (9), with a first hoisting gear (7) with a first rope drum (10) for winding and unwinding the first hoist rope (8), and with a second trolley (6) provided on the jib (3) and movable along the jib (3), characterized in that the second trolley (6) has a second hoist rope (12), in particular with a second load hook (15), and that the tower crane (1) has a second hoist that can be operated independently of the first hoist (7) (13) with a second cable drum (14) for winding and unwinding the second hoist cable (12).

2. Tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the first trolley (5) and the second trolley (6) are provided on the boom (3) so as to be movable independently of one another.

3. Tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the first trolley (5) and the second trolley (6) are coupled to one another for joint movement via a mechanical connection (26), in particular a coupling rod.

4. Tower crane according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first and / or second hoisting gear (7, 13) is or are provided on the counter jib (4) or on the crane tower (2) or on the respective trolley (5, 6).

5. Tower crane according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first trolley (5) is movably mounted on the boom (3) via a first trolley undercarriage (16) and / or that the second trolley (6) is or are movably mounted on the boom (3) via a second trolley undercarriage (17).

6. Tower crane according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first and / or second load hook (9, 15) has at least one deflection pulley (18, 19) and at least one rope (24, 25) with two ends for fastening to a load (11), wherein the deflection pulley (18, 19) carries the rope (24, 25).

7. Tower crane according to claim 6, characterized in that between the first and / or second load hook (9, 15) and the respective deflection pulley (18, 19) at least one spacer rope (20, 21) is provided, on which the respective deflection pulley (18, 19) hangs.

8. Tower crane according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the boom (3, 103) has at least one, in particular several, guide rails (31 a, 31 b, 31 c, 31 d) along which the two trolleys (5, 6) are displaceably mounted, in particular via their respective trolley undercarriage (16, 17).

9. Tower crane according to claim 8, characterized in that the first and second trolleys (105, 106) are mounted displaceably on common or in each case along at least two guide rails (31 a, 31 b or 31 a, 31 c or 31 d, 31 b) of the at least one guide rail (31 a, 31 b, 31 c, 31 d).

10. Tower crane according to claim 9, characterized in that the first and second trolleys (105, 106) are mounted on the boom (103) so as to be movable past one another and / or that the guide rails (31 a, 31 b, 31 c, 31 d) run parallel to one another laterally.

11. Tower crane according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the boom (3) has an upper chord (28) and at least two lower chords (29a, 29b), wherein either the first or the second guide rail (31a, 31b) is fastened to the lower chords (29a, 29b) or wherein the two lower chords (29a, 29b) form either the first or the second guide rail (31a, 31b).

12. Tower crane according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first hoist rope (8) and the second hoist rope (12) are fastened at one rope end to the boom (3).

13. Method for manipulating at least one load (11) with a tower crane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, in which, in order to turn the load (11), the second hoist rope (12) is wound up and subsequently or simultaneously the first hoist rope (8) is unwound.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that, in particular when the first hoist rope (8) is free of load, the load (11) is moved via the trolleys (5, 6) to a desired position and / or is suspended from the tower crane (1).

15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the rope (24, 25) running on the respective deflection pulley (18, 19) engages with its two ends on the load (11) at different holding points.

16. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the first rope (24) running on the first deflection pulley (18) of the first load hook (9) engages with its two ends on one side (11 a), in particular the long side, of the load (11 ) and that the second rope (25) running on the second deflection pulley (19) of the second load hook (15) engages with its two ends on another side (11 b), in particular the wide side, of the load (11 ).

17. Method for manipulating at least one load (11, 27) with a tower crane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, in which the first trolley (5) and / or the first hoist (7) manipulate a first load (11) and the second trolley (6) and / or the second hoist (13) manipulate a second load (27) independently of one another.

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