Dimeric surfactant

Abstract

The group of inventions relates to the field of organic chemistry and can be used in the production of cosmetic products and household and industrial detergent and cleaning compositions. The group of inventions includes dimeric anionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, methods for producing same, and also active, detergent and cosmetic compositions and the use thereof. The technical result toward which the group of inventions is directed consists in the creation of industrially accessible dimeric surfactants capable in small quantities of increasing the efficacy of the detergent and cosmetic compositions in which they are used, as well as the simplification of dimeric surfactant production methods.

Description

[0001] DIMERIC SURFACTANT

[0002] The group of inventions relates to the field of organic chemistry and can be used for application in the production of cosmetic products, detergents and cleaning compositions for household and industrial purposes.

[0003] Dimeric surfactants (surfactants) consist of two molecules of monomeric surfactants linked together by a bridge. Surfactants with such a structure have unique physical and chemical properties useful for practical application.

[0004] A dimeric surfactant and a method for its preparation are known, which is carried out by a reaction between 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine and lauryl ether of glycolic acid ethoxylate using sodium fluoride as a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in an inert argon atmosphere for 6-12 hours at 160 ° C, using aluminum oxide to absorb the water formed during the reaction. In the next stage of the synthesis, the mixture is boiled for 2 days in an ethyl alcohol medium. [US20200181479, publication date: 02.08.2022]

[0005] A dimeric surfactant and a method for its production were chosen as a prototype, wherein at the first stage the raw materials are mixed at 55°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2.5 hours, in the second stage the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, the raw material component is added and stirred, in the third stage the mixture is heated to 45°C and stirred for 8 hours, in the fourth stage it is heated to 80°C and the excess raw material is removed by purging with nitrogen, in the fifth stage the reaction mass is cooled to 0°C, in the sixth stage an additional raw material component is introduced into the mixture while maintaining the temperature below 15°C, in the seventh stage the semi-product is washed in water and double purified by extraction with hexane, in the eighth stage the obtained semi-product is mixed with other raw materials in a solvent medium to obtain an insoluble salt, in the ninth stage the obtained product is filtered from the solvent, and in the tenth stage the remaining solvent is removed from the product using a rotary evaporator [US6204297, publication date: 20.03.2001].

[0006] The main disadvantage of the known technical solution and prototype are the complex synthesis conditions or the multi-stage process of obtaining dimeric surfactants, which in turn determine the low availability of such compounds on the market, and also create conditions for reducing the quality of the finished product, which in turn has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the compositions in which they are used.

[0007] The technical problem that the group of inventions is aimed at solving is the need to increase the efficiency of: dimeric surfactants, methods for their production, as well as detergents and cosmetic compositions in which they are used.

[0008] The technical result, which the group of inventions is aimed at achieving, consists in the creation of industrially available dimeric surfactants capable of increasing the effectiveness of detergents and cosmetic compositions in which they are used in small quantities, as well as in simplifying the methods for obtaining dimeric surfactants.

[0009] The essence of the first invention from the group of inventions is as follows.

[0010] A dimeric surfactant having the proposed structural formula characterizing an anionic or zwitterionic or cationic dimeric surfactant.

[0011] The essence of the second invention from the group of inventions is as follows.

[0012] A method for producing a dimeric surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with the first invention. When performing the method, an anionic or zwitterionic or cationic dimeric surfactant is obtained.

[0013] Dimeric anionic surfactant is obtained by mixing natural fatty acids C9-C17 with sulfoaminoacids, aldehydes or ketones, and diisocyanides in an alcohol medium.

[0014] Zwitterionic or cationic dimeric surfactants are obtained by mixing fatty acids of the C9-C17 series, diamines, aldehydes or ketones, diisocyanides and alcohol and then mixing the resulting dimeric amine with an alkylating agent. In this case, to obtain a zwitterionic dimeric surfactant, carboxymethylating, sulfomethylating or phosphomethylating agents are used as the alkylating agent, and to obtain a cationic dimeric surfactant, methylating, ethylating or benzylating agents are used as the alkylating agent.

[0015] The essence of the third invention from the group of inventions is as follows. The active surfactant composition includes a surfactant, a dimeric surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with the first invention, and water, wherein the ratio of the components is, mass %:

[0016] Surfactant from 1.5 to 30% dimeric surfactant from 0.05 to 5% water the rest

[0017] The essence of the fourth invention from the group of inventions is as follows.

[0018] The detergent composition includes a surfactant, a dimeric surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with the first invention, and water, wherein the ratio of the components is, by weight %:

[0019] Surfactant from 1.5 to 30% dimeric surfactant from 0.05 to 5% water the rest

[0020] The essence of the fifth invention from the group of inventions is as follows.

[0021] The cosmetic composition includes a surfactant, a dimeric surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with the first invention, as well as vegetable oil and a functional additive, and water, wherein the ratio of the components is, mass %:

[0022] Surfactant from 1.5 to 30% dimeric surfactant from 0.05 to 5% functional additive from 0.05 to 5% vegetable oil from 5.0 to 20% water the rest

[0023] The dimeric anionic surfactant is obtained in one stage in an alcohol medium. Methyl, ethyl or isopropyl alcohols can be used as alcohol. Coconut, palm kernel and other oils can be used as natural fatty acids C 9 - Cn. The following substances can be used as sulfoaminoacids: 2-aminoethanesulfonic, 3-aminopropanesulfonic, or 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, etc. The following substances can be used as aldehydes: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or propionaldehyde, etc. The following substances can be used as ketones: dimethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, etc. The following substances can be used as diisocyanides: hexamethylene diisocyanide, tetramethylene diisocyanide, or pentamethylene diisocyanide, etc. The synthesis of dimeric anionic surfactants can also be carried out in the presence of amines of the following series: triethylamine, triethanolamine, ethyl dimethylamine, etc., as well as bases from a number of substances such as caustic soda, soda ash, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, etc.

[0024] Zwitterionic and cationic dimeric surfactants are obtained by alkylation of a dimeric amine. In turn, a dimeric amine is synthesized by polycondensation in an alcohol medium (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl) in one stage from diamines (dimethylethylene diamine, dimethylaminopropyl amine, ethylaminoethyl amine, amionopropylmorpholinyl, aminopropylpiperidine, aminopropylpiperazine), diisocyanides (hexamethylene diisocyanide, tetramethylene diisocyanide, pentamethylene diisocyanide), natural fatty acids of coconut, palm kernel oil and other fatty acids of the Ce - Cr / series, aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde) or ketones (dimethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone). Both stages of synthesis, polycondensation and alkylation, are combined into a single-reactor process, which significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of synthesis. It is also possible that synthesis can be carried out using several reactors.

[0025] The alkylating agents used are a carboxymethylating agent, which may be monochloroacetic acid or sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid, a sulfomethylating agent, which may be chloromethanesulfonic or chloroethanesulfonic acid, and a phosphomethylating agent, which may be phosphorous acid in the presence of formalin or oleum in the presence of formalin. To obtain a cationic dimeric surfactant, the alkylating agents used are a benzylating agent, which may be benzyl chloride, a methylating agent, which may be methyl chloride, and an ethylating agent, which may be ethyl bromide.

[0026] The obtained dimeric surfactants in the active composition are an effective additive to traditional nonionic polymeric surfactants, which can be represented by alkyl polyglucosides (AlP), ethoxylated fatty alcohols of the C12-C18 series, long-chain polypropylene glycols and polyethylene glycols, polyethylene / polypropylene glycol block copolymers, as well as other modified polyethylenes and polypropylene glycols. Surfactants can also be presented in the form of a surfactant complex, which is a mixture of nonionic surfactants.

[0027] The obtained dimeric surfactants in the active composition are an effective additive to hydrophobic nonionic surfactants. The following emulsifiers can be used as hydrophobic nonionic surfactants: stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, polyglyceryl distearate, polyglyceryl laurate, polyglyceryl oleate, a surfactant complex that is a mixture of hydrophobic nonionic surfactants, as well as other hydrophobic nonionic surfactants. The addition of a dimeric surfactant to hydrophobic nonionic surfactants in a concentration of less than 1% stabilizes the vegetable oil / water emulsion, which does not separate when exposed to elevated temperatures (45°C). It should also be noted that the obtained dimeric zwitterionic, cationic and anionic surfactants are distinguished by the fact that the bridge connecting two molecules of the monomeric surfactant contains carboxyamide groups that are subjected to cleavage under the action of natural enzymes that cleave proteins into amino acids. Thus, dimeric surfactants have high biodegradability.

[0028] The surfactant content in the active composition is from 1.5 to 30 wt.%, which provides the necessary cleaning ability and the required appearance. If the surfactant content is less than 1.5 wt.%, the composition may be ineffective in removing dirt. If the surfactant content is more than 30 wt.%, the composition will be thick and inconvenient to use, which will negatively affect consumer properties.

[0029] The content of dimeric surfactant in the active composition is from 0.05 to 5%, which increases the solubility of non-ionic polymeric surfactants, making them more effective both when used in detergents and cosmetic compositions. If the content of dimeric surfactant is less than 0.05 wt.%, the effect of adding dimeric surfactant will be weak and insensitive. If the content of dimeric surfactant is more than 5 wt.%, then in such a concentration dimeric surfactant can worsen the effectiveness of the main surfactants and negatively affect the physicochemical properties of the composition as a whole.

[0030] When using the obtained dimeric surfactants as an additive to surfactants, aggregation of dimeric surfactants with monomeric surfactants occurs, which leads to stabilization and an increase in the foam level. This property of dimeric surfactants is suitable for use in order to enhance the consumer properties of detergents and cosmetics.

[0031] Dimeric surfactants in detergents and cosmetic compositions are a replacement for traditional monomeric surfactants, which can be anionic (sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, alkyl sulfonic acids and their salts, fatty acid salts, sodium lauryl sarcosinate), zwitterionic (fatty acid betaines, fatty acid amino oxides), cationic (quaternary ammonium salts of fatty acids), non-ionic surfactants (diethanolamides of fatty acids, alkyl polyglucosides, oxyethylated fatty alcohols), as well as surfactant complexes, which are mixtures of anionic, zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants, a surfactant complex, which is a mixture of cationic, zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants, and other surfactant mixtures.

[0032] Within the framework of this group of inventions, detergent compositions include laundry detergents (washing powders, washing gels, fabric conditioners, washing capsules, stain removers), cleaning agents (universal detergents, floor cleaning agents, glass cleaning agents) and dishwashing detergents (hand dishwashing detergents, dishwasher gels, dishwasher tablets (powders), rinse aids and capsules for dishwashers), technical detergents (detergents for washing various surfaces, metal parts, detergents for washing process equipment).

[0033] The presented composition of the detergent composition may also contain additives, including complexing agents, dyes, flavors, thickeners, preservatives, corrosion inhibitors, acidity regulators. Tetrasodium salt of oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid or glutamic acid, sodium gluconate, etc. may be presented as complexing agents. Benzoate, sodium sorbate, and other preservatives may be presented as preservatives. Organic acids, such as citric or lactic acid, may be presented as acidity regulators. Biopolymers may be presented as thickeners: xanthine and guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium chloride, and glycerin. Monoethanolamine, sodium metasilicate, urotropine, thiourea, etc. may be presented as corrosion inhibitors.Replacing a monomeric surfactant with a dimeric surfactant of a similar class, in the appropriate concentration, increases the wetting ability, which increases the efficiency of removing dirt, as well as increases the foaming and emulsifying abilities of detergent compositions by more than 100%, depending on the concentration of the detergent solution. This advantage of dimeric surfactants is achieved due to the low CMC, which indicates the concentration at which the detergent composition is active with respect to dirt. Since the CMC of dimeric surfactants is approximately 10 times less than the CMC of monomeric surfactants, the use of dimeric surfactants allows detergents to be more effective at low concentrations.

[0034] Within the framework of this group of inventions, cosmetic compositions are understood to mean washable and leave-on cosmetic compositions.

[0035] The use of the obtained dimeric surfactants in a washable cosmetic composition increases its emulsifying capacity by more than 70% and also increases its wetting capacity. Rinse-off cosmetic compositions within the framework of the present group of inventions include hair care products (shampoos, conditioners, balms, hair rinses, hair masks, hair styling products, dry shampoos), child care products (wet wipes for children, children's shampoos, children's shower gels, children's products for washing and intimate hygiene, children's bath products (foams and extracts), children's skin care products (creams, lotions, milk), oral care products (toothpastes, tooth powders, mouthwashes), body cleansers (liquid soap or hand wash gel, toilet soap, bath foam, shower gels), as well as shaving products (shaving foams and gels), etc.

[0036] Rinse-off cosmetic compositions are characterized by the mandatory presence of a functional additive in their composition, which may be thickeners, complexing agents, vitamins, acidity regulators, food colorings, flavorings, preservatives, medicinal plant extracts, antioxidants, amino acids, proteins and alcohols, etc. For example, the following may be presented as a thickener: glycerin, sodium chloride, xanthan and guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc. The following may be presented as a complexing agent: sodium gluconate, sodium carboxymethyl gluconate, carboxymethyl linulyl, tetrasodium salt of glutamic acid, etc. Vitamins A, B, C, D and E may be used as vitamins. Citric acid, lactic acid and other organic acids used in cosmetic compositions may be presented as an acidity regulator.

[0037] The content of the functional additive in the composition of the rinseable cosmetic composition is from 0.05 to 5 mass%, which ensures its required effectiveness. If the content of the functional additive is less than 0.05 mass%, the consumer properties of the composition will be impaired, as a result of which the effectiveness of the composition will be low. If the content of the functional additive is more than 5 mass%, it can negatively affect the skin of the face and hands, which can lead to allergic reactions.

[0038] The obtained dimeric surfactants in the composition of leave-in cosmetic compositions perform the function of a co-emulsifier, stabilizing the water / oil emulsion. Leave-in cosmetic compositions within the framework of the present group of inventions are understood to mean: face and body care products (lip care products, face care products (creams, tonics), hand and body care products (creams, lotions, milk) and deodorants), etc. Leave-in cosmetic compositions are characterized by the mandatory presence of vegetable oil in their composition, which can be olive, coconut, jojoba oil, as well as other vegetable oils.

[0039] The vegetable oil content in the leave-in cosmetic composition is from 5.0 to 20 wt.%, which ensures its required effectiveness. If the vegetable oil content is less than 5 wt.%, the cosmetic product will be ineffective and the water / oil emulsion will be unstable. If the vegetable oil content is more than 20 wt.%, such a concentration of oils may negatively affect the tactile sensations after using the product, since the skin may be too oily after using the product.

[0040] A group of inventions can be made from known materials using known means, which indicates its compliance with the patentability criterion of “industrial applicability”.

[0041] The group of inventions is characterized by a previously unknown set of essential features from the state of the art, characterizing a dimeric surfactant having the proposed structural formula, a method for its production, an active, as well as a detergent and cosmetic composition based on it. The proposed dimeric surfactants are distinguished by the fact that they are synthesized from readily available raw materials of plant origin by simple one- or two-stage methods and, when used in small quantities - from 0.05 to 5% as an additive to the surfactant of the active composition or as a component of the formulations of detergent and cosmetic compositions, make it possible to significantly increase the detergent, emulsifying, foaming and wetting abilities of the said compositions.

[0042] This ensures the achievement of a technical result consisting in the creation of industrially available dimeric surfactants capable of increasing the effectiveness of detergents and cosmetic compositions in which they are used in small quantities, as well as in simplifying the methods for obtaining dimeric surfactants, thereby increasing the effectiveness of: dimeric surfactants, methods for their production, as well as detergents and cosmetic compositions in which they are used.

[0043] The group of inventions has a set of essential features previously unknown in the state of the art, which indicates its compliance with the patentability criterion of “novelty”.

[0044] The essential features of the group of inventions are not known from the state of the art. In view of this, the group of inventions meets the patentability criterion of "inventive step".

[0045] Inventions from a group of inventions are interconnected and form a single inventive concept, which indicates that the group of inventions meets the patentability criterion of “unity of invention”.

[0046] The group of inventions is illustrated by the following figures.

[0047] Fig. 1 - Structural formula of a dimeric surfactant, where:

[0048] X is a bridging group containing the following fragments: (-CH2-) П for n from 2 to 8,

[0049] (-CH2-CH2-SS-CH2-CH2-), (-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-), (-CH2-CH2-C6H4-CH2-CH2-), (- CH2-CH2-C6H4-C6H4-CH2-CH2-);

[0050] Y is a bridging group containing the following fragments: -CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-;

[0051] Ri is a polar group, and:

[0052] - for anionic dimeric surfactants, the following substituents are used as Ri: -SO3Na, -OSO3Na, -COONa; - for zwitterionic dimeric surfactants, the following substituents are used as Ri: ammonium group with a combination of substituents of the following series: methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, -СН2-СН2-О-СН2- СН2- , -СН2-СН2-СН2-СН2-СН2-, -CH2-CH2-N(CH3)-CH2-CH2- and negatively charged substituents of the following series: carboxymethyl, sulfomethyl, phosphomethyl;

[0053] - for cationic dimeric surfactants, an ammonium group with a combination of substituents of the following series is used as Ri: methyl, ethyl, benzyl and counterions of the following series: chloride, bromide, methyl sulfate;

[0054] R2 - aliphatic substituents with a chain length of C9 - C17, including those containing double bonds or mixtures with a distribution of aliphatic substituents characteristic of natural fatty acids based on vegetable oils.

[0055] Fig. 2 — Structural formula of a dimeric amine involved in the synthesis of dimeric zwitterionic and cationic surfactants, where:

[0056] Ri and R3 are substituents of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl series. Ri = R2 are substituents of the -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-N(CH3)-CH2-CH2- series, etc.

[0057] R2 - aliphatic substituents with a chain length of C9 - C17, including those containing double bonds or mixtures with a distribution of substituents characteristic of natural fatty acids of coconut, palm kernel and other natural vegetable oils.

[0058] Fig. 3 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a monomeric zwitterionic surfactant with the emulsifying capacity of the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactants.

[0059] Fig. 4 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a monomeric anionic surfactant with the emulsifying capacity of the proposed dimeric anionic surfactants.

[0060] Fig. 5 - Table with the results of comparison of the turbidity of the active composition, including the proposed dimeric anionic and zwitterionic surfactants.

[0061] Fig. 6 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a detergent including the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactant in an amount of 30%.

[0062] Fig. 7 — Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a detergent including the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactant at a concentration of APG C 12-Cn equal to 10%. and

[0063] Fig. 8 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a detergent composition including the proposed dimeric anionic surfactant at a concentration of APG C 12-Cn equal to 10%.

[0064] Fig. 9 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a dishwashing gel with a concentration of 6.70%, including the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactant.

[0065] Fig. 10 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a dishwashing gel with a concentration of 6.05%, including the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactant.

[0066] Fig. 11 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a dishwashing gel with a concentration of 12.0%, including the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactant.

[0067] Fig. 12 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a dishwashing gel with a concentration of 4.30%, including the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactant.

[0068] Fig. 13 - Table with the results of comparison of the emulsifying capacity of a dishwashing gel with a concentration of 5.10%, including the proposed dimeric zwitterionic surfactant.

[0069] To illustrate the possibility of implementation and a more complete understanding of the essence of the group of inventions, a variant of its implementation is presented below, which can be changed or supplemented in any way, while the present group of inventions is in no way limited to the presented variant.

[0070] To confirm the achievement of the specified technical result by the group of inventions, the properties of the obtained dimeric surfactants were measured. Foaming (height of the foam column in mm) was measured by the Ross-Miles method for solutions of dimeric surfactants in distilled water. The concentration of the solutions was 1%, the temperature was 40°C. The emulsifying ability was determined by measuring the level of emulsified oil formed by sharply shaking vegetable oil with diluted solutions of dimeric surfactants in a ratio of 1: 1 by volume. The wetting ability was determined by measuring the immersion time of a cotton fabric sample in surfactant solutions with different concentrations, namely, it was calculated at what minimum concentration of the washing solution the immersion time of the sample would not exceed 300 ± 1 sec. Solutions of dimeric surfactants were prepared in distilled water. The concentration of the solutions was 0.025 - 2 g / l.

[0071] The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined by measuring the surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions using the Du Nouy ring detachment method on a PHYWE 02416.00 tensiometer at a temperature of 22-25°C. The CMC value was calculated by processing the dependences of surface tension on the concentrations of dimeric surfactant solutions. The effect of adding dimeric surfactants on the solubility of nonionic surfactants was determined by measuring the turbidity and emulsifying capacity of mixtures of nonionic surfactants with dimeric surfactants. Turbidity was measured using turbidimetry.

[0072] The group of inventions is illustrated by the following specific examples of implementation.

[0073] Below are described examples of obtaining dimeric surfactants having a structural formula in accordance with Fig. 1.

[0074] Example No. 1. Comparison sample (zwitterionic monomeric surfactant cocoamidopropyl betaine).

[0075] The zwitterionic monomeric surfactant cocoamidopropyl betaine was used for testing. It had the following properties. The emulsifying capacity in concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g / l is 9.5, 61.3, 85.5, 100%, respectively (Fig. 3). The foaming capacity (height of the foam column) is 221 mm. The CMC of cocoamidopropyl betaine is 0.0265 mmol / l.

[0076] Example No. 2. Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0077] A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was obtained as follows. Fatty acids C9-C11 in an amount of 0.07 mol were placed in a round-bottomed flask and alcohol was added in an amount of 0.65 - 0.95 mol. Dissolution was carried out by stirring at 500 rpm. After complete dissolution of the acids, diamine in an amount of 0.07 mol, aldehyde in an amount of 0.08 - 0.10 mol and diisocyanide in an amount of 0.03 - 0.04 mol were added and stirring was continued for 2-4 hours. The resulting semi-product is a dimeric amine. Next, an alkylating agent in an amount of 0.07 - 0.10 mol, a base in an amount of 0.01 - 0.02 mol were added to the dimeric amine, mixed and boiled with a reflux condenser for 4-6 hours. Then the solvent was distilled off using a direct condenser at 85 - 90 °C.The zwitterionic dimeric surfactant obtained by the presented method with the substituents: X = (-CH2-)6, Y = -CH2-CH2-CH2-, Ri = ammonium group with substituents of the series: methyl, methyl, carboxymethyl and R2 = aliphatic substituent with a chain length of Cu had the following properties. The emulsifying capacity in concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g / l was 33.2, 66.6, 90.5, 100% (Fig. 3). The foaming capacity is 241 mm. The CMC was 0.0058 mmol / l. The combination of two molecules of zwitterionic monomeric surfactant using a bridge resulted in a 77.6% decrease in CMC (from 0.0265 to 0.0058 mmol / l), an increase in emulsifying capacity by 249.5% for a cleaning solution with a concentration of 0.025 g / l, and an increase in foaming capacity (height of the foam column) by 9%.

[0078] Example No. 3. Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0079] A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C12-C17 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was obtained as follows. Fatty acids C12-C17 in an amount of 0.07 mol were placed in a round-bottomed flask and alcohol was added in an amount of 0.65 - 0.95 mol. Dissolution was carried out by stirring at 600 rpm. After complete dissolution of the acids, diamine in an amount of 0.07 mol, aldehyde in an amount of 0.08 - 0.1 mol, diisocyanide in an amount of 0.03 - 0.04 mol were added and stirring was continued for 2-4 hours. The resulting semi-product was a dimeric amine. Next, an alkylating agent in an amount of 0.07 - 0.10 mol, a base in an amount of 0.01 - 0.02 mol were added to the dimeric amine, mixed and boiled with a reflux condenser for 4-6 hours. Then the solvent was distilled off using a direct condenser at 85 - 90 °C.

[0080] The zwitterionic dimeric surfactant obtained by the presented method with the substituents: X = (-CH2ADB, Y = -CH2-CH2-CH2-, Ri = ammonium group with substituents of the series: methyl, methyl, carboxymethyl and R2 = aliphatic substituent with a chain length of C 17 had the following properties. The emulsifying capacity at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g / l was 4.7, 14.3, 57.1, 100% (Fig. 3). The foaming capacity was 26 mm. Combining two molecules of the zwitterionic monomeric surfactant with a bridge and increasing the length of the aliphatic substituents from C9-C11 to C12-C17 led to a decrease in the foaming capacity (height of the foam column) by 89.2% (from 221 to 26 mm).

[0081] Example No. 4. Comparison sample (anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate). The anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate was used for testing. It had the following properties. The emulsifying capacity at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g / l was 5.7, 28.2, 60.5, 78.8% (Fig. 4). The foaming capacity was 229 mm. According to literature data, the CMC of sodium lauryl sulfate is 8.5 mmol / l [article by Motin M.A., Mia M.A.N., AKM Islam. J of Saud. Chem. Soc. (2015). V.19, P. 172-180].

[0082] Example No. 5. Anionic dimeric surfactant.

[0083] An anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and a sulfo group -SChNa was obtained as follows. Sulfoaminoacid (0.05 mol) was placed in a round-bottomed flask, aldehyde (0.8-0.18 mol) was added, the mixture was stirred and heated to 60°C. Then alcohol (0.8-1.2 mol) and triethylamine (0.05 mol) were successively added and stirred. Then alcohol (1.2-1.5 mol) and fatty acids C9-C11 (0.05 mol) were again added to the resulting mixture and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 2 hours. Then diisocyanide (0.02-0.03 mol) was added to the resulting solution and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The resulting product was additionally alkalized using an aqueous solution of a base with a concentration of 50%. The solvent was then distilled off using a direct condenser at 85 - 90°C.

[0084] The anionic dimeric surfactant obtained by the presented method with the substituents: X = (-CH2D6, Y = -CH2-CH2-, Ri = -SChNa and R2 = aliphatic substituent with a chain length of Cu has the following properties. The emulsifying capacity at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g / l is 22.5, 55.7, 78.2, 85.4% (Fig. 4). Combining two molecules of the anionic monomeric surfactant using a bridge led to an increase in the emulsifying capacity by 297.0, 97.5, 29.3 and 8.4% for detergent compositions with a concentration of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g / l.

[0085] Example No. 6. Anionic dimeric surfactant.

[0086] An anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C12-C17 and a sulfo group -SChNa was obtained as follows. Sulfoaminic acid in an amount of 0.05 mol was placed in a round-bottomed flask, ketone in an amount of 0.8 - 0.18 mol was added, the mixture was stirred and heated to 80 °C. Then alcohol in an amount of 0.8 - 1.2 mol and triethylamine in an amount of 0.05 mol were successively added and stirred. Then alcohol in an amount of 1.3 - 1.5 mol, fatty acids C12-C17 in an amount of 0.05 mol were again added to the resulting mixture and stirred at 600 rpm for 2 hours. Then diisocyanide in an amount of 0.02 - 0.03 mol was added to the resulting solution and stirred for 4 hours. The resulting product was additionally alkalized using an aqueous solution of a base with a concentration of 50%. The solvent was then distilled off using a direct condenser at 85 - 90°C.

[0087] The anionic dimeric surfactant of formula 1 obtained by the presented method with substituents: X = (-СН2-)6, Y = -СН2-СН2-, Ri = -SChNa and R2 = aliphatic substituent with chain length C 17 has the following properties. The emulsifying capacity at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g / l was 0.0, 4.8, 50.0, 85.0% (Fig. 4).

[0088] Below are described examples of active, as well as washing and cosmetic (leave-on and wash-off) compositions with the obtained dimeric surfactants, having a structural formula in accordance with Fig. 1.

[0089] Example No. 7 Active composition with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0090] A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to a solution of a nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside APG C12-C14. The concentration of APG C12-14 was 10%, the amount of the dimeric surfactant additive varied from 0.05 to 3%. Addition of the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant in an amount from 0.1 to 1% reduced the turbidity of APG C12-C14 by 76.1 - 94.4% (Fig. 5). Moreover, the addition of the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant in an amount of 0.05% reduced the turbidity of APG C12-C14 by 58.9%.

[0091] Example No. 8 Active composition with anionic dimeric surfactant.

[0092] Anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and sulfo group -SCTNa was added to a solution of nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside APG C12-C14. The concentration of APG C12-C14 was 10%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive varied from 0.05 to 3%. Addition of anionic dimeric surfactant in an amount from 0.1 to 1% reduced the turbidity of APG C12-C14 by 62.7 - 96.8% (Fig. 5).

[0093] Example No. 9 Detergent with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0094] A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to a solution of a nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside APG C12-C14. The concentration of APG C12-C14 was 30%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive was 3%. Addition of zwitterionic dimeric surfactant in an amount of 3% increased the emulsifying capacity of APG C12-C14 by 1133.3% at a detergent concentration of 0.1 g / l (Fig. 6).

[0095] Example No. 10 Detergent with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0096] A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to a solution of a nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside APG C12-C14. The concentration of APG C12-C14 was 10%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive was 0.5 and 1%. Addition of the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant in an amount of 0.5% increased the emulsifying capacity of APG C12-C14 by 300.0% at a detergent concentration of 0.1 g / l. Addition of the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant in an amount of 1% increased the emulsifying capacity of APG C12-C14 by 1220.0% at a detergent concentration of 0.1 g / l (Fig. 7).

[0097] Example No. 11 Detergent with anionic dimeric surfactant.

[0098] Anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and sulfo group SCTNa was added to a solution of nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside APG C12-C14. The concentration of APG C12-C14 was 10%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive was 0.5 and 1%. Addition of anionic dimeric surfactant in the amount of 0.5% increased the emulsifying capacity of APG C12-C14 by 828.0 and 47.0% at a detergent concentration of 0.1 and 0.2 g / l, respectively. The addition of anionic dimeric surfactant in an amount of 1% increased the emulsifying capacity of APG C12-C14 by 3060.0 and 23.6% at a detergent concentration of 0.1 and 0.2 g / l, respectively (Fig. 8).

[0099] Example No. 12. Comparison sample (dishwashing gel).

[0100] The dishwashing gel with a concentration of 6.70% had the following composition: 3.30% sodium luryl sulfate, 1.90% coconut oil diethanolamide, 1.50% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 93.30% distilled water. The emulsifying capacity at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 g / l was 8.6, 29.7, 61.5, 72.9, 95.0, 100.0, 100.0% (Fig. 9).

[0101] Example No. 13. Sample of dishwashing gel with anionic dimeric surfactant.

[0102] The dishwashing gel with a concentration of 6.70% had the following composition: 3.30% anionic dimeric surfactant, 1.90% coconut oil diethanolamide, 1.50% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 93.30% distilled water. An anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and a sulfo group -SCTNa was used. Replacing the monomeric anionic surfactant with a dimeric anionic surfactant led to an increase in the emulsifying capacity of the dishwashing gel by 119.8, 55.0, 22.0, 37.2 and 5.3% at concentrations of detergent solutions equal to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 g / l. One hundred percent emulsifying capacity of the dishwashing gel was achieved at a concentration of 0.2 g / l, while for the comparison sample it was achieved at 1 g / l (Fig. 9).

[0103] Example No. 14. Sample of dishwashing gel with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0104] The dishwashing gel with a concentration of 6.70% had the following composition: 3.30% sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.90% coconut oil diethanolamide, 1.50% zwitterionic dimeric surfactant, 93.30% distilled water. A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl was used. Replacing the monomeric zwitterionic surfactant with a dimeric zwitterionic surfactant led to an increase in the emulsifying capacity of the dishwashing gel by 20.2; 54.5; 37.2 and 5.3% at concentrations of detergent solutions equal to 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 g / l. One hundred percent emulsifying capacity of the dishwashing gel was achieved at a concentration of 0.2 g / l, while for the comparison sample it was achieved at 1 g / l (Fig. 9).

[0105] Example No. 15. Comparison sample (dishwashing gel).

[0106] The dishwashing gel with a concentration of 6.05% had the following composition: 3.35% sodium lutein sulfate, 1.60% coconut oil diethanolamide, 1.10% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 93.95% distilled water. The emulsifying capacity in concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 g / l is 0.0, 0.0, 16.0, 29.7, 77.0% (Fig. 10).

[0107] Example No. 16. Sample of dishwashing gel with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0108] A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to a prototype of a dishwashing gel of the following composition: 3.35% sodium luret sulfate, 1.60% coconut oil diethanolamide, 1.10% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 93.95% distilled water. The concentration of the dishwashing gel was 6.05%, the amount of the dimeric surfactant additive varied from 0.1 to 2.5%. The addition of the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant in an amount of 0.1% led to an increase in the emulsifying capacity: by 116.9 - 151.5% (Fig. 10) at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g / l. The addition of 0.5% zwitterionic dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in emulsifying capacity from 0.0 to 15.0% and from 0.0 to 31.3% at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 g / l, as well as an increase of 156.2 and 64.9% at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g / l. The addition of 2.5% zwitterionic dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in emulsifying capacity: by 116.9 and 176.4% at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g / l.

[0109] Example No. 17. Comparison sample (dishwashing gel).

[0110] The dishwashing gel with a concentration of 12.0% had the following composition: 6.6% sodium lutein sulfate, 3.2% coconut oil diethanolamide, 2.2% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 87.9% distilled water. The emulsifying capacity in concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 g / l is 0.0, 0.0, 18.3, 33.2, 82.0% (Fig. I).

[0111] Example No. 18. Dishwashing gel with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0112] Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to the prototype of dishwashing gel of the following composition: 6.6% sodium luret sulfate, 3.2% coconut oil diethanolamide, 2.2% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 87.9% distilled water. The concentration of dishwashing gel was 12%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive was 5.0%. Addition of zwitterionic dimeric surfactant in the amount of 5.0% led to an increase in emulsifying capacity: by 118.6 and 171.4% at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g / l.

[0113] Below are examples of leave-in cosmetic compositions.

[0114] Example #19. Comparison sample (hand cream).

[0115] Nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate heated to 65-70°C was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 5%, and that of sunflower oil was 20%. The mixture was emulsified using a PSA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat while maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The emulsifying capacity was 78%.

[0116] Example #20. Comparison sample (hand cream).

[0117] Nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate heated to 65-70°C was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 6%, and that of sunflower oil was 20%. The mixture was emulsified using a PSA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The emulsifying capacity was 82%.

[0118] Example No. 21. Sample of hand cream with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0119] Nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate heated to 65-70°C was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 5%, and that of sunflower oil was 20%. Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with methyl, methyl, carboxymethyl substituents heated to 60°C was added to the resulting mixture in an amount of 0.5%. The mixture was emulsified using a PSA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat while maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The addition of 0.5% zwitterionic dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in emulsifying capacity by 28.2% (from 78.0 to 100.0%).

[0120] Example No. 22. A sample of hand cream with anionic dimeric surfactant.

[0121] Nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate heated to 65-70°C was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 5%, and that of sunflower oil was 20%. Anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C12-C17 and a sulfo group -SOsNa heated to 60°C was added to the resulting mixture in an amount of 0.5%. The mixture was emulsified using an IKA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat while maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The addition of 0.5% anionic dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in emulsifying capacity by 28.2% (from 78.0 to 100.0%).

[0122] Example #23. Comparison sample (hand lotion).

[0123] Nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate heated to 65-70°C was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 3%, and that of sunflower oil was 10%. The mixture was emulsified using a PSA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat while maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The emulsifying capacity was 84%.

[0124] Example No. 24. A sample of hand lotion with an anionic dimeric surfactant. The nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate, heated to a temperature of 65-70°C, was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 3%, and that of sunflower oil was 10%. The anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C12-C17 and a sulfo group -SChNa, heated to 60°C, was added to the resulting mixture in an amount of 0.5%. The mixture was emulsified using an IKA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat while maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The addition of anionic dimeric surfactant in an amount of 0.5% resulted in an increase in emulsifying capacity by 16% (from 84.0 to 100.0%).

[0125] Example #25. Comparison sample (hand milk).

[0126] Nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate heated to 65-70°C was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 3.5%, and that of sunflower oil was 5%. The mixture was emulsified using a PSA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The emulsifying capacity was 80%.

[0127] Example No. 26. A sample of hand milk with anionic dimeric surfactant.

[0128] Nonionic surfactant sodium glyceryl monostearate heated to 65-70°C was mixed with sunflower oil. The concentration of sodium glyceryl monostearate was 3.5%, and that of sunflower oil was 5%. Anionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C12-C17 and a sulfo group -SOsNa heated to 60°C was added to the resulting mixture in an amount of 0.5%. The mixture was emulsified using an IKA T25 digital Ultra Turrax dispersing device at 16,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting emulsion was placed in a test tube and placed in a thermostat while maintaining a constant temperature of 45°C for 2 weeks. The addition of 0.5% anionic dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in emulsifying capacity by 25% (from 80.0 to 100.0%).

[0129] Below are examples of washable cosmetic compositions.

[0130] Example No. 27. Comparison sample (hand washing gel).

[0131] Hand washing gel with a concentration of 4.30% has the following composition: 1.70% sodium luryl sulfate, 1.90% coconut oil diethanolamide, 0.70% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 95.70% distilled water. The emulsifying capacity in concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 g / l is 0.0, 15.9, 61.8, 94.5, 100.0, 100.0% (Fig. 12).

[0132] Example No. 28. Sample of hand washing gel with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0133] The hand washing gel with a concentration of 4.30% has the following composition: 1.70% sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.90% coconut oil diethanolamide, 0.70% zwitterionic dimeric surfactant, 95.70% distilled water. A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was used. Replacing the monomeric zwitterionic surfactant with a dimeric zwitterionic surfactant led to an increase in the emulsifying ability of the dishwashing gel by 77.9 and 12.8% at concentrations of washing solutions equal to 0.05 and 0.1 g / l (Fig. 12).

[0134] Example #29. Comparison sample (hand washing gel).

[0135] The hand washing gel with a concentration of 5.10% had the following composition: 1.70% sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.90% coconut oil diethanolamide, 1.50% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 94.90% distilled water. The emulsifying capacity at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 g / l is 0.0, 24.5, 63.9, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0% (Fig. 13).

[0136] Example No. 30. Sample of hand washing gel with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0137] The hand washing gel with a concentration of 5.10% had the following composition: 1.70% sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.90% coconut oil diethanolamide, 1.50% zwitterionic dimeric surfactant, 94.90% distilled water. A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was used. Replacing the monomeric zwitterionic surfactant with a dimeric zwitterionic surfactant led to an increase in the emulsifying ability of the dishwashing gel from 0 to 4.8% at a concentration of 0.025 g / l, as well as by 17.5 and 8.1% at concentrations of washing solutions equal to 0.05 and 0.1 g / l (Fig. 13).

[0138] Example No. 31. Comparison sample (cleansing foam with one surfactant).

[0139] The 2.45% concentration of the cleansing foam has the following composition: 2.10% sodium lauryl sarcosinate, 0.30% tetrasodium glutamate complexing agent, 0.05% citric acid acidity regulator, 97.55% distilled water. The foam level was 0 mm, the foam stability was 0%. The sample has a wetting ability at a concentration of 48.5 g / l. The wetting ability is 288 sec. Example No. 32. A sample of cleansing foam with a zwitterionic dimeric surfactant. Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to the prototype of a cleansing foam of the following composition: 2.10% sodium luryl sarcosinate, 0.30% complexing agent tetrasodium salt of glutamic acid, 0.05% acidity regulator citric acid, 97.55% distilled water. The concentration of the cleansing foam was 2.45%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive varied from 0.5 to 1%.Addition of 0.5% zwitterionic dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in foam level from 0.0 to 20.0 mm and foam stability from 0 to 96%. The sample after addition of dimeric surfactant has wetting ability at a concentration of 40.5 g / l. Wetting ability is 289 sec. Addition of 1% dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in foam level from 0.0 to 21.8 mm and foam stability from 0 to 94%. The sample after addition of dimeric surfactant has wetting ability at a concentration of 15.0 g / l. Wetting ability is 284 sec.

[0140] Example No. 33. Comparison sample (cleansing foam with one surfactant).

[0141] The 5.35% concentration of the cleansing foam has the following composition: 5.00% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 0.30% tetrasodium glutamate complexing agent, 0.05% citric acid acidity regulator, 94.65% distilled water. The foam level was 52.0 mm, the foam stability was 95%. The sample has a wetting ability at a concentration of 19.5 g / l. The wetting ability is 300 sec.

[0142] Example No. 34. A sample of a cleansing foam with a zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0143] Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to the prototype of the washing foam of the following composition: 5.00% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 0.30% complexing agent tetrasodium glutamate, 0.05% acidity regulator citric acid, 94.65% distilled water. The concentration of the washing foam was 5.35%, the amount of the dimeric surfactant additive varied from 0.5 to 1%. The addition of the dimeric surfactant in an amount of 0.5% led to an increase in the foam level from 52.0 to 60.0 mm, and foam stability from 95 to 98%. The sample after the addition of the dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 9.5 g / l. The wetting capacity is 304 sec. The addition of dimeric surfactant in the amount of 1% led to an increase in the foam level from 52.0 to 61.0 mm, and foam stability from 95 to 97%. The sample after the addition of dimeric surfactant has a wetting capacity at a concentration of 7.5 g / l.Wetting capacity is 241 sec.

[0144] Example No. 35. Comparison sample (prototype of a cleansing foam with two surfactants).

[0145] The cleansing foam with a concentration of 5.40% had the following composition: 3.00% alkyl polyglucositol CS-CM, 1.00% sodium lauryl sarcosinate, 1.00% glycerin, 0.30% complexing agent tetrasodium glutamate, 0.10% acidity regulator citric acid, 94.60% distilled water. The foam level was 60 mm, the foam stability was 87%. The sample has a wetting ability at a concentration of 17.5 g / l. Wetting ability is 295 sec.

[0146] Example No. 36. Sample of face wash foam with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant. Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to a prototype of face wash foam of the following composition: 3.00% alkyl polyglucositol Cs-C14, 1.00% sodium lauryl sarcosinate, 1.00% glycerin, 0.30% complexing agent tetrasodium glutamate, 0.10% acidity regulator citric acid, 94.60% distilled water. The concentration of the face wash foam was 5.40%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive varied from 0.5 to 1%. Addition of 0.5% dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in the foam level from 60.0 to 61.0 mm, and foam stability from 87 to 96%. The sample after addition of dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 10.0 g / l. The wetting ability is 300 sec. Addition of 1% dimeric surfactant did not result in an increase in the foam level. The foam level was 60.0 mm, and the foam stability increased from 87 to 94%. The sample after adding the dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 10.5 g / l. The wetting ability is 285 sec.

[0147] Example No. 37. Comparison sample (prototype of a cleansing foam with one surfactant).

[0148] The 3.40% concentration of the cleansing foam has the following composition: 3.00% cocoamphoacetate, 0.30% tetrasodium glutamate complexing agent, 0.10% citric acid acidity regulator, 96.60% distilled water. The foam level was 26.0 mm, the foam stability was 85%. The sample has a wetting capacity at a concentration of 31.0 g / l. The wetting capacity is 298 sec.

[0149] Example No. 38. Sample of face wash foam with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant. Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to a prototype of face wash foam of the following composition: 3.00% cocoamphoacetate, 0.30% complexing agent tetrasodium salt of glutamic acid, 0.10% acidity regulator citric acid, 96.40% distilled water. The concentration of the face wash foam was 3.40%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive varied from 0.5 to 1%. Addition of 0.5% dimeric surfactant led to an increase in the foam level from 26.0 to 33.0 mm, and foam stability from 85 to 95%. The sample after adding the dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 15.0 g / l. The wetting ability is 311 sec. Adding the dimeric surfactant in an amount of 1% led to an increase in the foam level from 25.0 to 35.0 mm, and foam stability from 85 to 95%.The sample after adding the dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 10.0 g / l. The wetting ability is 291 sec.

[0150] Example No. 39. Comparison sample (cleansing foam with one surfactant).

[0151] The 1.68% concentration of the cleansing foam had the following composition: 1.5% sodium lauryl sarcosinate, 0.15% tetrasodium glutamate complexing agent, 0.03% citric acid acidity regulator, 98.32% distilled water. The foam level was 0 mm, the foam stability was 0%. The sample has a wetting ability at a concentration of 49.5 g / l. The wetting ability is 288 sec.

[0152] Example No. 40. A sample of a cleansing foam with a zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0153] A zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and an amino group with the following substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to a prototype of a cleansing foam of the following composition: 1.5% sodium luryl sarcosinate, 0.15% tetrasodium glutamate complexing agent, 0.03% citric acid acidity regulator, 98.32% distilled water. Addition of 1% of the dimeric surfactant resulted in an increase in the foam level from 0.0 to 19 mm and in foam stability from 0 to 91%. The sample after addition of the dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 16 g / l. The wetting ability is 278 sec. Example No. 41. Comparison sample (shower gel).

[0154] Shower gel with a concentration of 18.85% had the following composition: 10.5% alkyl polyglucositol CS-CM, sodium lauryl sarcosinate 3.5%, glycerin 3.5%, 1% complexing agent tetrasodium glutamate, 0.35% acidity regulator citric acid, 81.15% distilled water. The foam level was 62 mm, foam stability was 90%. The sample has a wetting ability at a concentration of 18 g / l. Wetting ability is 290 sec.

[0155] Example No. 42. A sample of shower gel with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0156] Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to the prototype of shower gel of the following composition: 10.5% alkyl polyglucositol CS-CM, 3.5% sodium lauryl sarcosinate, 3.5% glycerin, 1% complexing agent tetrasodium salt of glutamic acid, 0.35% acidity regulator citric acid, 81.15% distilled water. The concentration of shower gel was 18.85%, the amount of dimeric surfactant additive was 1%. Addition of dimeric surfactant in the amount of 1% did not lead to an increase in the foam level. The foam level was 62.0 mm, and the foam stability increased from 90 to 95%. The sample after adding the dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 9.5 g / l. The wetting ability is 284 sec.

[0157] Example #43. Comparison sample (children's shower gel)

[0158] Shower gel with a concentration of 9.15% has the following composition: 5% alkyl polyglucositol CS-CM, sodium lauryl sarcosinate 1.8%, glycerin 1.7%, 0.5% complexing agent tetrasodium salt of glutamic acid, 0.15% acidity regulator citric acid, 90.85% distilled water. The foam level was 59 mm, foam stability was 85%. The sample has a wetting ability at a concentration of 19 g / l. Wetting ability is 293 sec.

[0159] Example No. 44. A sample of children's shower gel with zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

[0160] Zwitterionic dimeric surfactant with aliphatic substituents C9-C11 and amino group with substituents: methyl-, methyl-, carboxymethyl- was added to the prototype of the shower gel of the following composition: 5% alkyl polyglucositol CS-CH, sodium lauryl sarcosinate 1.8%, glycerin 1.7%, 0.5% complexing agent tetrasodium salt of glutamic acid, 0.15% acidity regulator citric acid, 90.85% distilled water. The concentration of the shower gel was 9.15%, the amount of the dimeric surfactant additive was 1%. Addition of the dimeric surfactant in the amount of 1% led to an increase in the foam level from 59 to 62.0 mm. Foam stability increased from 85 to 90%. The sample after adding the dimeric surfactant has a wetting ability at a concentration of 9.3 g / l. The wetting ability is 288 sec.

[0161] The results showed that the developed dimeric surfactants surpass monomeric surfactants of similar nature in foaming and emulsifying capacity. This advantage of dimeric surfactants is achieved due to the low CMC, which indicates the concentration at which the detergent compositions are active against contaminants. It is known that detergents containing surfactants are diluted many times during use. Since the CMC of dimeric surfactants is approximately 10 times lower than the CMC of monomeric surfactants, the use of dimeric surfactants allows detergents to be more effective at low concentrations.

[0162] The dimeric surfactants presented in the invention improve the foaming properties of cosmetic compositions. When using dimeric surfactants as an additive to surfactants, aggregation of dimeric surfactants with monomeric surfactants occurs, which leads to stabilization and an increase in the foam level. This property of dimeric surfactants is suitable for use in order to enhance the consumer properties of detergents and cosmetic compositions. It should be noted that in the formulations of rinseable cosmetics, the developed dimeric surfactants also increase the wetting ability, which helps to enhance the effectiveness of the formulations.

[0163] In this way, the technical result is achieved, which consists in the creation of industrially available dimeric surfactants capable of increasing the efficiency of detergents and cosmetic compositions in which they are used in small quantities, as well as in simplifying the methods for obtaining dimeric surfactants, thereby increasing the efficiency of: dimeric surfactants, methods for their production, as well as detergents and cosmetic compositions in which they are used.

Claims

Formula of the group of inventions 1. A dimeric surfactant (surfactant) with the structural formula: Where: X is a bridging group containing the following fragments: (-CH2-) П at n from 2 to 8, (-CH2-CH2-SS-CH2-CH2-), (-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-), (-CH2-CH2-C6H4-CH2-CH2-), (- CH2-CH2-C6H4-C6H4-CH2-CH2-); Y is a bridging group containing the following fragments: -CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-; Ri is a polar group, and: - for anionic dimeric surfactants, substituents of the following series act as Ri: - SO3Na, -OSO3Na, -COONa; - for zwitterionic dimeric surfactants, Ri is an ammonium group with a combination of substituents of the following series: methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, -CH2-CH2-O-CH2- CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-N(CH3)-CH2-CH2- and negatively charged substituents of the following series: carboxymethyl, sulfomethyl, phosphomethyl; - for cationic dimeric surfactants, Ri is an ammonium group with a combination of substituents of the following series: methyl, ethyl, benzyl and counterions of the following series: chloride, bromide, methyl sulfate; R2 - aliphatic substituents with a long chain C9 - C17, including those containing double bonds or mixtures with a distribution of aliphatic substituents characteristic of natural fatty acids based on vegetable oils.

2. A method for producing a dimeric surfactant (surfactant) according to item 1, during which: - an anionic dimeric surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with paragraph 1, is obtained by mixing in an alcohol medium natural fatty acids of the C9-C17 series with sulfoamino acids, aldehydes or ketones, and diisocyanides; - a zwitterionic or cationic dimeric surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with paragraph 1 is obtained by: - mixtures of fatty acids of the C9-C17 series, diamines, aldehydes or ketones, diisocyanides and alcohol; - mixing the obtained dimeric amine with an alkylating agent, whereby: - to obtain a zwitterionic dimeric surfactant, carboxymethylating, or sulfomethylating, or phosphomethylating agents are used as alkylating agents; - to obtain a cationic dimeric surfactant, methylating, ethylating or benzylating agents are used as alkylating agents.

3. The method according to I.2, characterized in that vegetable oils, including coconut or palm kernel oil, are used as natural fatty acids.

4. The method according to I.2, characterized in that the sulfoaminic acid used is a substance of the series: 2-aminoethanesulfonic, 3-aminopropanesulfonic, or 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid.

5. The method according to I.2, characterized in that the aldehyde used is a substance from the following series: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or propionaldehyde.

6. The method according to item 2, characterized in that the following substances are used as ketones: dimethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone.

7. The method according to item 2, characterized in that hexamethylene diisocyanide, tetramethylene diisocyanide, or pentamethylene diisocyanide are used as diisocyanides.

8. The method according to I.2, characterized in that the production of the dimeric anionic surfactant is carried out in the presence of amines from the series: triethylamine, triethanolamine, ethyldimethylamine, as well as bases from the series: caustic soda, soda ash, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate.

9. The method according to item 2, characterized in that monochloroacetic acid or sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid is used as a carboxymethylating agent in obtaining the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

10. The method according to item 2, characterized in that chloromethanesulfonic or chloroethanesulfonic acid is used as a sulfomethylating agent in obtaining the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

11. The method according to item 2, characterized in that phosphorous acid in the presence of formalin or oleum in the presence of formalin is used as the phosphomethylating agent in obtaining the zwitterionic dimeric surfactant.

12. The method according to I.2, characterized in that when obtaining a zwitterionic or cationic dimeric surfactant, a dimeric amine is first obtained, having the structural formula: Where: Ri and Rs are substituents of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl series. Ri=R3 are substituents of the -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-N(CH3)-CH2-CH2- series. Dr., R2 - aliphatic substituents with a chain length of C9 - C17, including those containing double bonds or mixtures with a distribution of substituents characteristic of natural fatty acids of coconut or palm kernel vegetable oils.

13. An active composition of surface-active substances (SAS), including a SAS, a dimeric anionic or zwitterionic or cationic SAS, having a structural formula in accordance with paragraph 1, and water, wherein the ratio of the components is, in mass %: Surfactant from 1.5 to 30% dimeric surfactant from 0.05 to 5% water the rest.

14. An active composition according to item 13, characterized in that the surfactant is a non-ionic polymeric surfactant or hydrophobic non-ionic surfactants.

15. An active composition according to claim 13, characterized in that the content of dimeric anionic surfactant in it is from 0.05 to 3 mass%.

16. An active composition according to claim 15, characterized in that the content of the dimeric anionic surfactant in it is from 0.1 to 1 mass%.

17. An active composition according to claim 13, characterized in that the content of dimeric zwitterionic surfactant in it is from 0.05 to 3 mass%.

18. An active composition according to claim 17, characterized in that the content of dimeric zwitterionic surfactant in it is from 0.1 to 1 mass%.

19. A detergent composition comprising a surfactant, a dimeric anionic or zwitterionic or cationic surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with paragraph 1, and water, wherein the ratio of the components is, in mass %: Surfactant from 1.5 to 30% dimeric surfactant from 0.05 to 5% water the rest.

20. A cleaning composition according to item 19, characterized in that the content of dimeric anionic surfactant in it is from 0.05 to 3 mass%.

21. A cleaning composition according to I.20, characterized in that the content of the dimeric anionic surfactant in it is from 0.1 to 1 mass%.

22. A cleaning composition according to item 19, characterized in that the content of the dimeric zwitterionic surfactant in it is from 0.05 to 3 mass%.

23. A cleaning composition according to item 22, characterized in that the content of the dimeric zwitterionic surfactant in it is from 0.1 to 1 mass%.

24. A cosmetic composition comprising a surfactant, a dimeric surfactant having a structural formula in accordance with I.1, as well as vegetable oil and a functional additive, and water, wherein the ratio of the components is, mass %: Surfactant from 1.5 to 30% dimeric surfactant from 0.05 to 5% functional additive from 0.05 to 5% vegetable oil from 5.0 to 20% water the rest.

25. A cosmetic composition according to item 24, characterized in that the content of the dimeric zwitterionic surfactant in it is from 0.5 to 1 mass%.

26. A cosmetic composition according to item 24, characterized in that the content of the dimeric anionic surfactant in it is 0.5% by weight.

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