Aqueous composition and oxygen barrier layer therefrom
An aqueous composition of polyolefin, acrylic polymer, or vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyamine creates a laminate with improved oxygen barrier and bond strength, addressing the complexity and cost issues of existing technologies.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074588
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Current barrier technologies for flexible packages require additional lamination processes with adhesives, increasing complexity and cost, and there is a need for a laminate with improved oxygen barrier performance and bond strength.
An aqueous composition comprising polyolefin, acrylic polymer, or vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyamine, which forms a laminate without additional barrier layers, providing reduced oxygen transmission rate and desired bond strength.
The laminate achieves both low oxygen transmission rate and strong bond strength without additional layers, simplifying the production process and reducing costs.
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Abstract
Description
AQUEOUS COMPOSITION AND OXYGEN BARRIER LAYER THEREFROMFIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous composition, a method of preparing the aqueous composition and a laminate comprising a dry layer prepared from the aqueous composition.BACKGROUND
[0002] Barrier requirement especially oxygen barrier is an important performance for flexible packages. Current barrier technologies are mainly using inorganic substrates or coatings, e.g. Al substrate, metallized layer or SiO2 coating; or organic substrates or coatings: e.g. ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) films, or polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) coatings or polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) coatings. However, the prior art technology will need additional lamination process with adhesives to bond different substrate together to achieve the desired performance requirement. This will make the whole process complex or increase the cost.
[0003] Therefore, it is desirable to provide an aqueous composition that provides a laminate which has a good barrier performance (such as a low oxygen transmission rate) and a good bond strength and simplify the process for producing the laminate.SUMMARY
[0004] The present invention solves the aforementioned problems by providing a novel aqueous composition. The aqueous composition of the present invention can provide a laminate with reduced oxygen transmission rate (OTR) without the need of an additional barrier layer, and at the same time can provide desired bond strength for the laminate.
[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an aqueous composition, comprising:
[0006] A) a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, an acrylic polymer, and a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer;
[0007] B) a polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) ; and
[0008] C) a polyamine.
[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing the aqueous composition of the first aspect. The method comprises:
[0010] i) preparing A) the polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, an acrylic polymer, and a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer into an aqueous system in the presence of B) the polyvinyl alcohol; and
[0011] ii) admixing the aqueous system obtained from step i) with C) the polyamine.
[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a laminate, comprising:
[0013] a first substrate;
[0014] a second substrate, and
[0015] a dry layer prepared from the aqueous composition of the first aspect residing between the first substrate and the second substrate.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Also, all publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference.
[0017] As disclosed herein, “and / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated.
[0018] As disclosed herein, the term “composition” , “formulation” or “mixture” refers to a physical blend of different components, which is obtained by mixing simply different components by a physical means. The term “emulsion” , as used herein, refers to a basically stable physical mixture of a liquid continuous phase and at least one solid and / or liquid dispersed phase dispersed in the liquid continuous phase, wherein the dispersed phase is partially or substantially immiscible to the liquid continuous phase. The stability of the emulsion is preferably derived from the electrostatic repulsive effect.
[0019] As disclosed herein, all percentages mentioned herein are by weight, temperatures are in degree Celsius (℃) , and the average molecular weight refers to weight average molecular weight (Mw) , unless specified otherwise.
[0020] The melt index (MI) is tested at 190 degrees Celsius (℃) , 2.16 kilograms (kg) in accordance with ASTM D-1238.
[0021] The weight average molecular weight of polymers can be measured by DIN 55672-2: 2008: 06 method.
[0022] The term “Glass transition temperature” or “Tg” can be calculated by using a Fox equation (T. G. Fox, Bull. Am. Physics Soc., Volume 1, Issue No. 3, page 123 (1956) ) below. For example, for calculating the Tg of a copolymer of monomers M1 and M2,
[0023] where Tg (calc. ) is the glass transition temperature calculated for the copolymer, w (M1) is the weight fraction of monomer M1 in the copolymer, w (M2) is the weight fraction of monomer M2 in the copolymer, Tg (M1) is the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer of monomer M1, and Tg (M2) is the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer of monomer M2, all temperatures being in K. The glass transition temperatures of the homopolymers may be found, for example, in “Polymer Handbook” , edited by J. Brandrup and E. H. Immergut, Interscience Publishers.
[0024] “Aqueous” system herein means that particles dispersed in an aqueous medium, for example, the aqueous system can be an emulsion. By “aqueous medium” herein is meant water and from 0 to 30%, by weight based on the weight of the medium, of water-miscible compound (s) such as, for example, alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers, glycol esters, or mixtures thereof.
[0025] Viscosity of an aqueous system was measured by Brookfield DV-II using #3 spindle at 60 rpm at 23 ℃.
[0026] Solids content of an aqueous system was measured as follows: weigh 10-20 grams of a sample into a dish and record the sample weight number as m1, then put it into a 150℃ oven for 30 minutes for drying, then take it out to weigh and record the sample weight as m2, solids content is calculated as m2 / m1 by percentage.
[0027] Particle size of an aqueous system was determined by means of laser correlation spectroscopy (instrument: PT LS 13320 from Beckman Coulter) .
[0028] “Acrylic” in the present invention includes (meth) acrylic acid, alkyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylonitrile and their modified forms such as hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate. Throughout this document, the word fragment “(meth) acryl” refers to both “methacryl” and “acryl” . For example, (meth) acrylic acid refers to both methacrylic acid and acrylic acid, and methyl (meth) acrylate refers to both methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate. Specific examples of acrylic polymer include acrylic homopolymers, styrene acrylic copolymers, or mixtures thereof.
[0029] The polyolefin polymer useful in the present invention can be an ethylene / α-olefin copolymer. Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin copolymer is selected from an ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer, an ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer, or a mixture thereof, preferably, an ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer. The ethylene / α-olefin copolymer is an ethylene / propylene copolymer or an ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer. In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin copolymer is an ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer. The ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer is composed of, or otherwise consists of, ethylene and one copolymerizable C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer in polymerized form. The C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer may be selected from 1-butene, methyl-l-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-hexene, 5-methyl-l-hexene, 4-ethyl-l-hexene, or 1-octene. In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin copolymer is an ethylene / 1-octene copolymer.
[0030] The polyolefin polymer useful in the present invention may have a melting temperature between 50 ℃ and 90 ℃, or between 55 ℃ and 85 ℃, or between 60 ℃ and 80 ℃, or between 65 ℃ and 75 ℃, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) .
[0031] The polyolefin polymer useful in the present invention may have a melt index (MI) at 190 ℃, 2.16 kg of no greater than 1,200 grams / 10 minutes (g / 10 min) , or no greater than 1,150 g / 10 min, or no greater than 1,100 g / 10 min, or no greater than 1,050 g / 10 min, or no greater than 1,000 g / 10 min, or no greater than 800 g / 10 min, or no greater than 600 g / 10 min, or no greater than 500 g / 10 min, and at the same time, no less than 40 g / 10 min, or no less than 60 g / 10 min, or no less than 80 g / 10 min, or no less than 100 g / 10 min, or no less than 150 g / 10 min, or no less than 200 g / 10 min or no less than 400 g / 10 min or within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the above mentioned values. Alternatively, the polyolefin polymer for the inventive compositions described herein has a MI at 190 ℃, 2.16 kg from 40 g / 10 min to 1,200 g / 10 min, or from 60 g / 10 min to 1,150 g / 10 min, or from 80 g / 10 min to 1,100 g / 10 min, or from 100 g / 10 min to 1,050 g / 10 min, or from 200 g / 10 min to 1,000 g / 10 min, or from 800 g / 10 min to 1200 g / 10 min.
[0032] The acrylic polymer useful in the present invention may comprise structural units of one or more ethylenically unsaturated acid monomers, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. The acid monomers and / or their salts may include a, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids including an acid-bearing monomer such as methacrylic acid (MAA) , acrylic acid (AA) , itaconic acid, maleic acid, or fumaric acid; or a monomer bearing an acid-forming group which yields or is subsequently convertible to, such an acid group (such as anhydride, (meth) acrylic anhydride, or maleic anhydride) ; phosphorous-containing monomers such as vinyl phosphonic acid, allyl phosphonic acid, phosphoalkyl (meth) acrylates such as phosphoethyl (meth) acrylate, phosphopropyl (meth) acrylate, phosphobutyl (meth) acrylate, SIPOMER PAM-100, SIPOMER PAM-200, and SIPOMER PAM-300 all available from Solvay, phosphoalkoxy (meth) acrylates such as phospho ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho di-ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho tri-ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho propylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho di-propylene glycol (meth) acrylate, phospho tri-propylene glycol (meth) acrylate; sulfonic acid monomers and salts thereof including, for example, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid; sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid; and ammonium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid; sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) ; sodium vinyl sulfonate (SVS) ; sodium salt of allyl ether sulfonate; salts thereof; and mixtures thereof. Desirably, the acid monomer is an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. More desirably, the acid monomer includes acrylic acid, methyl acrylic acid, SSS, or mixtures thereof, and more desirably, the acid monomer is AA. The acrylic polymer may comprise structural units of the acid monomer at a concentration of 0.1%to 20%, and can be 0.1%to 15%, 0.3%to 12%, 0.5%to 10%, or 0.7%to 8%, by weight based on the weight of the acrylic polymer.
[0033] The acrylic polymer useful in the present invention may comprise or be free of structural units of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers carrying at least one functional group selected from an amide, ureido, carbonyl, or silane group, or combinations thereof (hereinafter “functional monomer” ) . Suitable functional monomers may include, for example, carbonyl-containing functional monomers such as acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM) and diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) , acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyltrialkoxysilanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes such as (meth) acryloxyethyltrimethoxysilane and (meth) acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the functional monomer comprises acrylamide, DAAM, ureido-containing monomers, or mixtures thereof. The acrylic polymer may comprise structural units of the functional monomer at a concentration of 0.1%to 20%, and can be 0.1%to 15%, 0.3%to 12%, 0.5%to 10%, or 0.7%to 8%, by weight based on the weight of the acrylic polymer.
[0034] The acrylic polymer useful in the present invention may comprise or be free of structural units of one or more ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers other than the functional monomer described above. The term “nonionic monomers” refers to monomers that do not bear an ionic charge between pH=1-14. Suitable ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers may include an alkyl ester of (meth) acrylic acid; a hydroxy-functional alkyl (meth) acrylate; a cycloalkyl (meth) arylate such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene and substituted styrene (including for example α-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, t-butyl styrene, vinyltoluene) ; glycidyl (meth) acrylate; α-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and 1-decene; vinyl, vinyl butyrate, vinyl versatate and other vinyl esters; nitrile-containing monomers such as acrylonitrile (AN) ; or mixtures thereof. “Alkyl” means a linear or branched alkyl group. The alkyl ester of (meth) acrylic acid may be selected from C1-C2-alkyl (meth) acrylates, C4-C20-alkyl (meth) acrylates, or mixtures thereof. The C4-C20-alkyl (meth) acrylates refer to alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid containing an alkyl with from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, or from 4 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of C4-C20-alkyl (meth) acrylates include butyl (meth) acrylate, iso-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, oleyl (meth) acrylate, palmityl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, pentadecyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the C4-C20-alkyl (meth) acrylate is selected from 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) , butyl (meth) acrylate, or mixtures thereof. Suitable C1-C2-alkyl (meth) acrylates may include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, or mixtures thereof. Suitable hydroxy-functional alkyl (meth) acrylates may include hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylates, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylates, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylates, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxy-2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the hydroxy-functional alkyl (meth) acrylate is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) , 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. Desirably, the ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers are selected from styrene, HEMA, acrylonitrile, methyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate (BA) , EHA, or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers are selected from styrene, alkyl ester of (meth) acrylic acid or mixtures thereof. More desirably, the ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers are selected from styrene, butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate (BA) , or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the acrylic polymer may comprise structural units of styrene at a concentration of zero to 60%, 5%to 55%, 10%to 50%, or 20%to 45%, or 25%to 40%or 35%to 42%by weight based on the weight of the acrylic polymer. The acrylic polymer may comprise structural units of the alkyl ester of (meth) acrylic acid at a concentration of 20%to 99%, 25%to 95%, 30%to 90%, 35%to 85%, 40%to 80%, or 50%to 70%, or 55%to 65%, by weight based on the weight of the acrylic polymer. The acrylic polymer may comprise or be free of structural units of a multifunctional nonionic monomer such as butadiene, divinylbenzene, and allyl (meth) acrylate, typically at a concentration of zero to 5%, zero to 2%, 0.1%to 1%, or 0.1%to 0.5%, by weight based on the weight of the acrylic polymer. The acrylic polymer may comprise structural units of the ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer at a total concentration of 80%to 99.9%, 85%to 99.6%, 90%to 99.4%, 92%to 99.2%, or 95%to 99%, by weight based on the weight of the acrylic polymer.
[0035] The acrylic polymer useful in the present invention may have a Tg of 0 ℃ to 15 ℃, or a Tg of from 0.5 ℃ to 12 ℃, or a Tg of from 1 ℃ to 10 ℃, or a Tg of from 2 ℃ to 8 ℃ or a Tg of from 4 ℃ to 6 ℃ or within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the following values: 0 ℃, 1℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃, 4 ℃, 5 ℃, 6 ℃, 7 ℃, 8 ℃, 9 ℃, 10 ℃, 11 ℃, 12 ℃, 13 ℃, 14 ℃, 15 ℃.
[0036] The polyamine C) is a compound having two or more amino groups, such as a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group or a quaternary amino group or a combination thereof, in its backbone. Preferably, the polyamine C) is a polymer having two or more amino groups, such as a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group or a quaternary amino group or a combination thereof) in its backbone. Preferably, the polyamine C) is a polyethyleneimine (PEI) .
[0037] A polyethyleneimine is a polymer comprising ethyleneimine units. It is preferably branched. The polyethyleneimine can be used in neutralized form, by forming salts with suitable acids, but is preferably used in un-neutralized form.
[0038] Preferably, the polyethyleneimine useful in the present invention may have the following formula,
[0039] where n, m, p, and x are each independently an integer of from 0 to 60,000, provided that n+m+p+x≥600. Preferably, n, m, p, and x are each independently an integer in the range of from 1 to 60,000, from 2 to 50,000, from 3 to 20,000, or from 4 to 10,000. Preferably, n+m+p+x is an integer in the range of from 600 to 100,000, from 1,000 to 80,000, or from 10,000 to 50,000.
[0040] The polyethyleneimine useful in the present invention may have a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 grams per mole (g / mol) or more, 25,000 g / mol or more, 30,000 g / mol or more, 50,000 g / mol or more, 60,000 g / mol or more, 70,000 g / mol or more, 80,000 g / mol or more, 90,000 g / mol or more, 100,000 g / mol or more, or even 110,000 g / mol or more, and at the same time, 3,000,000 g / mol or less, 2,800,000 g / mol or less, 2,700,000 g / mol or less, 2,600,000 g / mol or less, 2,500,000 g / mol or less, 2, 400,000 g / mol or less, 2, 300,000 g / mol or less, 2, 200,000 g / mol or less, 2,100,000 g / mol or less, 2,000,000 g / mol or less, 1,800,000 g / mol or less, or even 1,600,000 g / mol or less or within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the above values.
[0041] The vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) polymer comprises vinyl acetate monomer and ethylene monomer.
[0042] Desirably, the vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer may comprise structural units of vinyl acetate at a concentration of 60%to 90%, or 65%to 85%, 70%to 80%, or 72%to 78%by weight based on the weight of the vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer. The vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer may comprise structural units of ethylene at a concentration of 10%to 40%, or 15%to 35%, 20%to 30%, or 22%to 28%by weight based on the weight of the vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer.
[0043] The VAE polymer useful in the present invention may have a Tg of -15 ℃ to 30 ℃, or a Tg of from -10 ℃ to 25 ℃, or a Tg of from -5 ℃ to 20 ℃, or a Tg of from 0℃ to 15 ℃ or within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the following values: -15 ℃, -14 ℃, -13 ℃, -12 ℃, -11 ℃, -10 ℃, -9 ℃, -8℃, -7℃, -6℃, -5℃, -4℃, -3℃, -2℃, -1℃, 0℃, 1℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃, 4 ℃, 5 ℃, 6 ℃, 7 ℃, 8 ℃, 9 ℃, 10 ℃, 11 ℃, 12 ℃, 13 ℃, 14 ℃, 15 ℃, 16 ℃, 17 C, 18 ℃, 19 ℃, 20 ℃, 21 ℃, 22 ℃, 23 ℃, 24 ℃, 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 27 ℃, 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃.
[0044] The polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) C) is partially hydrolyzed or fully hydrolyzed. “Partially hydrolyzed” means the hydrolysis rate of polyvinyl alcohol is no less than 80%. “fully hydrolyzed” means the hydrolysis rate of polyvinyl alcohol is no less than 98%. Preferably, the least hydrolysis rate should be higher than 80%, or higher than 85%, or higher than 88%, or higher than 90%, or higher than 95%, or higher than 98%, or higher than 99%. The hydrolysis rate is determined by JIS K 6726.
[0045] The dry weight ratio of the PVOH to the polymer A) can be from 5: 95 to 80: 20, or from 10: 90 to 70: 30 or from 11: 89 to 60: 40, or from 15: 85 to 50: 50 or from 20: 80 to 40: 60 or from 25: 75 to 35: 65 or from 8: 92 to 40: 60 or from 10: 90 to 35: 65 or from 20: 80 to 30: 70 or within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the above mentioned values. Preferably, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin.
[0046] Preferably, the ratio of the combined dry weight of the polymer A) and the polyvinyl alcohol B) to the dry weight of the polyamine C) (preferably PEI) can be from 0.1: 1 to 30: 1, or from 0.5: 1 to 25: 1 or from 0.8: 1 to 20: 1 or from 0.9: 1 to 15: 1 or from 1: 1 to 10: 1 or from 1.5: 1 to 8: 1 or from 2: 1 to 6: 1 or within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the above mentioned values.
[0047] The polymer A) can be prepared into an aqueous system in the presence of the PVOH described above.
[0048] Preferably, the dry weight ratio of the aqueous system to the polyamine (preferably PEI) can be from 0.1: 1 to 30: 1, or from 0.5: 1 to 25: 1 or from 0.8: 1 to 20: 1 or from 0.9: 1 to 15: 1 or from 1: 1 to 10: 1 or from 1.5: 1 to 8: 1 or from 2: 1 to 6: 1 or within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the above mentioned values.
[0049] In an embodiment, the polymer A) is selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, and the polymer A) is prepared into an aqueous system in the presence of the PVOH described above. More preferably, the aqueous system has a solids content of from 10%to 60%, from 10%to 55%, from 20%to 50%, or from 30 to 45%; a viscosity of from 30 to 10,000 centipoises (cp) , from 100 to 8,000 cp, or from 500 to 5,000 cp, at 25 ℃; and a particle size (D50) between 0.2 microns (μm) and 5 μm, or between 0.5 μm and 4 μm or between 1 μm and 3 μm.
[0050] In an embodiment, the polymer A) is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic polymer, and the polymer A) is prepared into an aqueous system in the presence of the PVOH described above. More preferably, the aqueous system has a solids content from 10 to 45%, or 15 to 40%or 20 to 35%.
[0051] In an embodiment, the polymer A) is selected from the group consisting of a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer, and the polymer A) is prepared into an aqueous system in the presence of PVOH. More preferably, the aqueous system has a solids content from 20-80%, or 30-70%or 40-60%.
[0052] The aqueous composition of the present invention can be prepared by a method comprises the following steps:
[0053] i) preparing the polymer A) selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, an acrylic polymer and a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer into an aqueous system in the presence of B) the polyvinyl alcohol; and
[0054] ii) admixing the aqueous system obtained from step i) with C) the polyamine.
[0055] The aqueous composition of the present invention can be used to prepare a laminate. The present invention also provides a laminate, comprising:
[0056] a first substrate,
[0057] a second substrate and
[0058] a dry layer prepared from the aqueous composition of the present invention residing between the first substrate and the second substrate.
[0059] The first substrate can be a biaxially-oriented polyethylene (BOPE) film, a biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, or a machine direction oriented polyethylene; the second substrate can be polyethylene (PE) , metallized polyethylene (MPE) , metallized cast polypropylene (MCPP) , or a cast polypropylene (CPP) film.
[0060] The present invention also provides a process for preparing a dry layer. The process may comprise: forming the composition of the present invention, applying the composition to a substrate, and drying, or allowing to dry, the applied composition to form a coating. The composition can be used alone, or in combination with other coatings to form multi-layer coatings. The composition can be applied to a substrate by incumbent means including brushing, dipping, cylinder rolling or spraying. After the composition of the present invention has been applied to a substrate, the composition can dry, or allow to dry, to form a film (this is, coating) at room temperature, or at an elevated temperature, for example, from 35 ℃ to 100 ℃. The composition can be applied to, and adhered to, various substrates, particularly plastics. The composition is particularly suitable for package adhesive. The composition is applied on the substrate typically at an amount of 0.5-10 grams / square meter (gsm) based on dry weight, or 1-8 gsm based on dry weight, or 2-7 gsm based on dry weight or 4-6 gsm based on dry weight.
[0061] EXAMPLES
[0062] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples. Materials for use in preparing samples, and standard analytical equipment and methods for use in the Examples and in determining the properties and characteristics are described herein below:
[0063] Table 1. Raw material
[0064] Preparation of Emulsion I:
[0065] Exceval RS2117 resin and AFFINITYTM GA1900 at a dry weight ratio of 20: 80 were fed into a 25mm diameter twin screw extruder (Copersion ZSK26) with a total feed rate as 75.6g / min. AFFINITYTM GA1900 and Exceval RS2117 were forwarded through the extruder and melted to form a liquid melt material, where the melt zone temperature in the extruder was set to be higher than the melting temperature of AFFINITYTM GA1900 material. An initial amount of water was then added into the extruder at a rate roughly equal to feed rate of Exceval RS2117. In a later section, the additional dilution water was then added to achieve the desired solids content. The extruder speed used was 600rpm. The barrel temperature was set as 170 ℃, and melting zone as 190 ℃, the temperature in the emulsification zone was 170 ℃ and the temperature in the dilution zone was 150 ℃. At the extruder outlet, a backpressure regulator was used to adjust the pressure inside the extruder barrel to a pressure adapted to reduce steam formation (generally, the pressure was from 2MPa to 4MPa) . The resulting Emulsion I has a solids content of 44%.
[0066] Preparation of Emulsion II:
[0067] 850g deionized water ( “DI water” ) were placed in a 5-necked, 5-liter round bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, a cooling condenser and an agitator, and heated to 86 ℃ under nitrogen. 150g Exceval RS2117 was charged into a kettle with slow agitation. When Exceval RS2117 was totally dissolved, 66.3g monomer emulsion (the monomer emulsion was prepared by mixing 213 g deionized water, 30g Exceval RS2117, 8.4g acrylic acid, 252g butyl acrylate, and 159.6g styrene) were charged into the kettle, and 1.32 g ammonia persulfate (APS) in 20g DI water was charged into the kettle immediately. When the exotherm peak occurred and temperature was at 86 ℃, start feeding the rest monomer emulsion in 70 minutes, and a solution of APS (1.32g in 143g DI water) in 90 minutes. The polymerization reaction temperature was maintained at 85~87 ℃. After completing the addition, the vessel that contained the monomer emulsion and the feeding pipes leading into the flask were rinsed with 52 g DI water, and the rinse was added back to the flask. Then resulting mixture was hold at 80 ℃ for 30 minutes. After that, when the temperature was 75 ℃, 1.8g 0.5%FeSO4 solution was charged followed by gradual addition of a solution of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (70%, 1.27g in 27g DI water) and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate solution (0.73g in 26g DI water) over 45 minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solids content of the obtained Emulsion II was 30%.
[0068] Preparation of the formulation
[0069] The aqueous compositions were prepared by mixing ADCOTETM 313E with Emulsion I, Emulsion II, or Emulsion III under agitation at 100 rpm according to the weight ratio as described in Table 2.
[0070] Table 2. Formulation information
[0071] Lamination process
[0072] K101 control coater was used to apply the aqueous compositions obtained in Ex. 1-6 and C. E. 1-3. The prepared composition was coated onto primary substrate, e.g. biaxially-oriented polyethylene (BOPE) or biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) , and the coated substrate was put into 80 ℃ oven for 1 minute to remove water, then transferred into a HL-101 laminator (from ChemInstruments) to laminate with the secondary substrate, e.g. polyethylene (PE) , cast polypropylene (CPP) , or metallized polyethylene (MPE) or metallized cast polypropylene (MCPP) . The nip temperature was kept at 65℃ with 3 m / min speed during the whole lamination process. Then the laminated film was cured at a 50℃ oven for 2days before testing.
[0073] Test Method
[0074] A. Oxygen Transmission Rate
[0075] The oxygen transmission rate was measured in accordance with ASTM D-3985 using a MOCON OX-TRAN Model 2 / 21 measurement device at a temperature of 23℃ at a relative humidity of 0%using purified oxygen. When the barrier data of a sample was over 200 cubic centimeters / square meter·day (cc / m2·day) , a mask was applied for reducing the testing area from 50 cm2 to 5 cm2 to acquire data in larger testing range.
[0076] B. Bond Strength
[0077] Laminates prepared from compositions were cut into 15mm width strips for T-peel test under 250 millimeters / minute (mm / min) crosshead speed using a 5940 Series Single Column Table Top System available from Instron Corporation. During the test, the tail of each strip was pulled slightly by fingers to make sure the tail remained 90 degree to the peeling direction. Three strips for each sample were tested and the average value was calculated. Results were in the unit of N / 15millimeters (N / 15mm) . The higher the value is, the better of the bond strength.
[0078] Results:
[0079] The oxygen transmission rate and bond strength results of the laminates were shown in Table 3 and 4.
[0080] Table 3. Adhesive performance for metalized structure
[0081] Table 4. Adhesive performance for transparent structure
[0082] *PE50 means the thickness of the PE film is 50 μm.
[0083] From table 3 and 4, it can be seen that the inventive compositions can achieve both good bond strength as well good OTR. Comparative examples provide either poor bond strength or poor OTR or both.
Claims
1.An aqueous composition, comprising:A) a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, an acrylic polymer, and a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer;B) a polyvinyl alcohol; andC) a polyamine.2.The composition of claim 1, wherein the polyolefin is an ethylene / α-olefin copolymer.3.The composition of claim 2, wherein the ethylene / α-olefin copolymer has a melting temperature between 50 ℃ and 90 ℃, and a melt index at 190 ℃, 2.16 kg of from 40 g / 10 min to 1,200 g / 10 min.4.The composition of claim 1, wherein the dry weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol B) to the polymer A) is from 5: 95 to 80: 20.5.The composition of claim 1, wherein the polyamine C) is a polyethyleneimine.6.The composition of claim 5, wherein the polyethyleneimine has a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 g / mol or more and at the same time, 3,000,000 g / mol or less.7.The composition of claim 1 or 4, wherein the ratio of the combined dry weight of the polymer A) and the polyvinyl alcohol B) to the dry weight of the polyamine C) is from 0.1: 1 to 30: 1.8.The composition of claim 1 or 4, wherein the polymer A) is selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, and the ratio of the combined dry weight of the polymer A) and the polyvinyl alcohol B) to the dry weight of the polyamine C) is from 0.8: 1 to 20: 1.9.The composition of claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol B) is partially hydrolyzed or fully hydrolyzed.10.A method of preparing the aqueous composition of claim 1, comprising:i) preparing A) the polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, an acrylic polymer and a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer into an aqueous system in the presence of B) the polyvinyl alcohol; andii) admixing the aqueous system obtained from step i) with C) the polyamine.11.A laminate, comprisinga first substrate;a second substrate, anda dry layer prepared from the aqueous composition of claim 1 residing between the first substrate and the second substrate.12.The laminate of claim 11, wherein the first substrate is a biaxially-oriented polyethylene film, a biaxially-oriented polypropylene film, or a machine direction oriented polyethylene; and the second substrate is polyethylene, metallized polyethylene, metallized cast polypropylene, or a cast polypropylene film.
Citation Information
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