Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising a first side extending in a first direction and a second side extending in a second direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction. The photovoltaic module further comprises: a cell layer comprising a plurality of cells arranged in a row-column array along the first side and the second side, wherein the ratio of the sum of the side lengths of the plurality of cells arranged along the first side to the length of the first side is a first ratio, the first ratio is greater than or equal to 95%, the ratio of the sum of the side lengths of the plurality of cells arranged along the second side to the length of the second side is a second ratio, the second ratio is greater than or equal to 95%, and the absolute value of the difference between the first ratio and the second ratio is less than or equal to 0.8%.

Description

Photovoltaic panels

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202420274473.X, filed on February 4, 2024, with the invention name “Photovoltaic Module”, and the entire contents of this Chinese patent application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] At least one embodiment of the present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0003] Photovoltaic modules are the core components in solar power generation systems. They are suitable for converting solar energy into electrical energy and storing it through other power storage components, or directly driving loads.

[0004] In a solar power generation system, multiple photovoltaic modules are often arranged in an array within a light field. To this end, a large number of photovoltaic modules need to be transported between the production site and the installation site.

[0005] Containers are widely used in land and sea transportation. As standardized cargo containers, they are well-suited for transporting photovoltaic modules. Therefore, designing photovoltaic modules within the limited space of the container, fully utilizing the container's internal space to maximize the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules per unit volume, has become a pressing technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, the present application provides a photovoltaic module that makes full use of the internal space of the container so that the photovoltaic modules that can be accommodated in the unit volume of the container have higher module efficiency.

[0007] An embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a first side extending along a first direction and a second side extending along a second direction, wherein the first direction intersects the second direction; and the photovoltaic module further comprises: a cell layer, comprising a plurality of cells arranged in a row and column array along the first side and the second side; wherein a ratio of a sum of the lengths of the plurality of cells arranged along the first side to the length of the first side is a first ratio, and the first ratio is greater than or equal to 95%, and a ratio of a sum of the lengths of the plurality of cells arranged along the second side to the length of the second side is a second ratio, and the second ratio is greater than or equal to 95%; and an absolute value of a difference between the first ratio and the second ratio is less than or equal to 0.8%.

[0008] The length of the first side is greater than or equal to 2370 mm and less than or equal to 2390 mm;

[0009] The length of the second side is greater than or equal to 1120 mm and less than or equal to 1150 mm.

[0010] In an illustrative embodiment, the first ratio is greater than the second ratio.

[0011] In an illustrative embodiment, the length of the first side of the above-mentioned battery cell is 190 / n mm to 195 / n mm, or 207 / n mm to 212 / n mm; wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, representing the number of battery cells included in the battery cell layer.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the photovoltaic module further includes a sealing layer, which is laminated on the front and back sides of the cell layer. The sealing layer and the cell layer form a laminate.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the photovoltaic assembly further includes a frame, and two intersecting sides of the frame define the first side and the second side of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the edge of the laminate is inserted into the frame, and the distance between the edge of the laminate and the edge of the frame is 2 mm to 4 mm.

[0015] In an illustrative embodiment, the battery cell layer further includes a first bus bar, which is disposed on one side of the plurality of battery cells and extends along the second direction; wherein, in the first direction, the spacing between the first bus bar and the edge of the laminate is 10 mm to 15 mm, and the spacing between the first bus bar and adjacent battery cells is 2.5 mm to 5 mm.

[0016] In an illustrative embodiment, the above-mentioned battery cell layer also includes a second busbar, which is arranged in the middle of the plurality of the above-mentioned battery cells and extends along the above-mentioned second direction; wherein, in the above-mentioned first direction, the spacing between the above-mentioned second busbar and the adjacent above-mentioned battery cells is 2.5 mm to 3.8 mm.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the battery cell layer is divided into two battery groups by the second busbar, each of the battery groups includes a plurality of battery strings, and the plurality of battery cells in the same battery string are connected in series.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the two battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack, and in the second direction, there is a first spacing between the battery cells adjacent to the first side in the first battery pack and the edge of the laminate, and there is a second spacing between the battery cells adjacent to the first side in the second battery pack and the edge of the laminate, wherein: the first spacing is different from the second spacing; and / or the absolute value of the difference between the first spacing and the second spacing is less than 0.8 mm.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, in the first direction, the spacing between two adjacent battery cells in the same battery string is less than or equal to 2 mm, or the adjacent ends of two adjacent battery cells in the same battery string overlap and the overlapping length is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; and in the second direction, the spacing between two adjacent battery strings is 0.8 mm to 2 mm.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the sealing layer includes a back plate, and the back plate is provided with at least one lead-out port, wherein the orthographic projection of the lead-out port along the thickness direction of the battery cell partially overlaps with the second busbar.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, an end portion of the battery cell adjacent to the lead-out port and facing the lead-out port has a chamfered structure.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the outlet is an oblong through hole having a major axis and a minor axis, the major axis is parallel to the second side of the photovoltaic component, and the minor axis is parallel to the first side of the photovoltaic component.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the short axis is less than the sum of the distance between any one of the two second bus bars exposed to the lead-out port and the battery cells on both sides and the width of the second bus bar.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the length of the major axis to the length of the minor axis is 1.2 to 1.5.

[0025] In an illustrative embodiment, the facing ends of the second busbar form a bent section that is bent away from the battery cell layer to serve as a lead-out terminal, wherein the spacing between the two lead-out terminals exposed to the above-mentioned lead-out port is 5 mm to 7 mm, and the ratio of the spacing between the two lead-out terminals to the length of the above-mentioned major axis is 0.375 to 0.5; and / or, the lead-out terminal has the same width as the second busbar, and the ratio of the lead-out terminal to the length of the above-mentioned minor axis is 0.4 to 0.6.

[0026] According to the photovoltaic module provided by the present application, by designing a first ratio of the sum of the lengths of the first sides of the cell layers to the first side of the photovoltaic module, a second ratio of the sum of the lengths of the second sides of the cell layers to the second side of the photovoltaic module, and the absolute value of the difference between the first ratio and the second ratio, the cell layers can have a higher proportion in the photovoltaic module, thereby making the photovoltaic module have a higher module efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic assembly from a rear-view perspective according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG2 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG1 ;

[0029] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the photovoltaic assembly of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG1 from a front view, wherein the frame is omitted;

[0030] FIG4 is a partial enlarged view of portion B of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG3 ;

[0031] FIG5 is a partial enlarged view of portion C of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG3 ;

[0032] FIG6 is a partial enlarged view of portion D of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG1 , wherein the frame is omitted;

[0033] FIG7 is a partial enlarged view of portion E of the photovoltaic assembly shown in FIG1 , showing the first outlet; and

[0034] FIG8 is a partially enlarged view of the first outlet shown in FIG7 .

[0035] In the drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows: 1. frame; 2. cell layer; 21. cell; 22. second busbar; 221. lead-out terminal; 23. first busbar; 3. laminate; 31. second lead-out port; and 32. first lead-out port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, this application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms "comprise," "include," etc. used herein indicate the presence of the features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0038] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0039] When expressions such as “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art. For example, “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” should include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, and C, etc. When expressions such as “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art. For example, “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” should include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, and C, etc.

[0040] In photovoltaic modules, cells are the main photoelectric conversion elements. In actual transportation and use scenarios, cells are easily damaged (such as physical damage, thermal damage, and chemical corrosion) by various factors in the external environment (such as mechanical impact, wind and rain erosion, and temperature changes). For this reason, a sealing layer is also required in the photovoltaic module to form a laminate with the cell layer to seal the cell, thereby isolating the cell from water vapor and dust erosion and improving a certain degree of mechanical strength; in addition, a frame is also required to support the laminate and cell, so that the photovoltaic module maintains safety and stability during transportation, installation, and use.

[0041] While laminates and frames improve the safety and stability of PV modules, they also increase the inactive area of ​​the module. The smaller the area occupied by the cells in the PV module, the lower the overall area efficiency of the PV module.

[0042] Therefore, how to design a photovoltaic module so that the battery cells in the photovoltaic module have a higher proportion relative to the photovoltaic module as a whole and can adapt to the limited space in the container has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0043] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic assembly from a rear-view perspective according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0044] The photovoltaic module provided by the present application, as shown in FIG1 , includes a first side extending along a first direction and a second side extending along a second direction, wherein the first direction intersects the second direction. The photovoltaic module further includes a cell layer 2. The cell layer 2 includes a plurality of cells 21 arranged in a row and column array along the first and second sides; wherein the row and column array includes rows formed by the plurality of cells along one of the first and second sides, and columns formed by the plurality of cells along the other of the first and second sides. The ratio of the sum of the lengths of the plurality of cells 21 arranged along the first side to the length of the first side is a first ratio, the first ratio being greater than or equal to 95%, and the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the plurality of cells 21 arranged along the second side to the length of the second side is a second ratio, the second ratio being greater than or equal to 95%, and the absolute value of the difference between the first and second ratios is less than or equal to 0.8%.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG1 , the photovoltaic module further includes a sealing layer, which is laminated on the front and back sides of the cell layer 2 , and the sealing layer and the cell layer 2 form a laminate 3 .

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the sealing layer includes an adhesive film (not shown) laminated on the front, back, and side surfaces of each cell 21 in the cell layer 2 to wrap the cell 21 to form a laminate 3, thereby reducing mechanical impact on the cell 21 and isolating the cell from the external environment. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0047] For example, the adhesive film may also be made of a material having anti-reflection, heat-conducting, and supporting functions.

[0048] Furthermore, the laminate 3 also includes a cover plate (not shown) and a back plate (not shown) made of a light-transmitting material. The cover plate is disposed on the adhesive film laminated to the front surface of the cell 21, and the back plate is disposed on the adhesive film laminated to the back surface of the cell 21. Thus, the photovoltaic module forms a laminated structure of the cover plate, adhesive film, cell 21, adhesive film, and back plate from top to bottom.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG1 , the photovoltaic assembly further includes a frame 1 , and two intersecting sides of the frame 1 define a first side and a second side of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0050] In an illustrative embodiment, the first direction includes the up-down direction as shown in FIG. 1 , and the second direction includes the left-right direction as shown in FIG. 1 , and the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, the laminate 3, in addition to being laminated to the projected areas of the front and back surfaces of the cell 21, also extends outward along the cell 21 at the edge of the cell layer 2 to connect to the outer frame 1, leaving an appropriate creepage distance. Specifically, the frame 1 includes, but is not limited to, a generally rectangular structure and is clamped to the edge of the laminate 3. The frame 1 includes, but is not limited to, being made of metal, such as aluminum or steel.

[0052] FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG. 1 .

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG2 , the edge of the laminate 3 is inserted into the frame 1 , and the distance between the edge of the laminate 3 and the edge of the frame 1 is 2 mm to 4 mm.

[0054] In an illustrative embodiment, the junction between the edge of the laminate 3 and the frame 1 is blocked by the frame 1, and therefore, is indicated by a dotted line as shown in FIG2 . Specifically, the distance between the edge of the laminate 3 and the edge of the first side of the frame 1 (the upper end of the frame 1 as shown in FIG2 ) (i.e., d9) and the distance between the edge of the laminate 3 and the edge of the second side of the frame 1 (the left end of the frame 1 as shown in FIG2 ) (i.e., d10) are both 2 mm to 4 mm, specifically 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and any value between 2 mm and 4 mm. In this way, in addition to allowing the battery layer 2 to be firmly connected to the frame 1 through the laminate 3, it can also effectively prevent the edge of the laminate 3 from being charged, avoiding the occurrence of leakage. Moreover, on this basis, the distances (i.e., d9 and d10) are set not to be too wide, which can also avoid the waste of materials used to make the laminate 3.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first ratio is greater than the second ratio, and the first side is greater than the second side.

[0056] In an illustrative embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the frame 1 includes but is not limited to a substantially rectangular structure, including a first side (i.e., a long side) and a second side (i.e., a wide side) as shown in FIG1 . Within the substantially planar space defined by the frame 1, the cell layer 2 includes but is not limited to being configured with 144 cells 21 , the 144 cells 21 being arranged in rows along the first side (in the vertical direction as shown in FIG1 ) and columns along the second side (in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG1 ), forming a 6-row × 24-column cell array. The length of the first side of the frame 1 is S1, the length of the second side of the frame 1 is S2, and the length of the first side of each cell 21 is s1, and the length of the second side is s2.

[0057] Based on the above embodiment, the first ratio B1 is obtained by the above parameters, that is, The second ratio B2 is obtained by the above parameters, namely

[0058] Wherein, B1 ≥ 95%, B2 ≥ 95%, and |B1-B2| ≤ 0.8%. In a preferred embodiment, B1 is greater than B2. Through the above design, the cell 21 can have a higher proportion relative to the area of ​​the photovoltaic module, reducing the loss of the photovoltaic module's full-area efficiency. This ensures that the photovoltaic module has a high module efficiency, and the absolute value of the difference between the module efficiency and the battery efficiency can be less than or equal to 2.5%. For example, the battery efficiency is 25.2% and the module efficiency is 23%.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG1 , the length of the first side is greater than or equal to 2370 mm and less than or equal to 2390 mm, and the length of the second side is greater than or equal to 1120 mm and less than or equal to 1150 mm.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the length S1 of the first side of the frame 1 is greater than or equal to 2375 mm and less than or equal to 2378 mm (i.e., 2370 mm ≤ S1 ≤ 2390 mm), and the length S2 of the second side of the frame 1 is greater than or equal to 1120 mm and less than or equal to 1150 mm (i.e., 1120 mm ≤ S2 ≤ 1150 mm). Specifically, the size of S1 may be 2370 mm, 2371 mm, 2372 mm, 2373 mm, 2374 mm, 2375 mm, 2376 mm, 2377 mm, 2378 mm, 2379 mm, 2380 mm, 2381 mm, 2382 mm, 2383 mm, 2384 mm, 2385 mm, 2386 mm, 2387 mm, 2388 mm, 2389 mm, the size of S2 can be 1120mm, 1121mm, 1122mm, 1123mm, 1124mm, 1125mm, 1126mm, 1127mm, 1128mm, 1129mm, 1130mm, 1131mm, 1132mm, 1133mm, 1134mm, 1134mm, 1136mm, 1137mm, 1138mm, 1139mm, 1140mm, 1141mm, 1142mm, 1143mm, 1144mm, 1145mm, 1146mm, 1147mm, 1148mm, 1149mm, 1150mm, 1140mm and any value between 1120mm and 1150mm.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the length S1 of the first side of the frame 1 includes but is not limited to 2376 mm, and the length S2 of the second side of the frame 1 includes but is not limited to 1128 mm, that is, the frame 1 forms a roughly rectangular frame structure of 2376 mm×1128 mm.

[0062] In such an embodiment, the size of the frame 1 (ie, the length of the first side and the length of the second side) of the above embodiment is designed to adapt to the size of currently used containers.

[0063] Taking a 40' GP (General Purpose) container and a 40HC (High Cube) container as examples, the internal dimensions of these containers are 12032mm (length) × 2352mm (width) × 2393mm (height) for the 40' GP container and 12032mm (length) × 2352mm (width) × 2698mm (height) for the 40HC container. PV panels based on these dimensions can be arranged in rows and columns, forming a total of ten pallets of panels in a single container.

[0064] Based on this arrangement, the preferred embodiment of the container's longitudinal margin is 152 mm, and the preferred embodiment of the container's width margin is 96 mm. Therefore, through the aforementioned frame size design, the container's internal space can be more fully utilized, allowing it to accommodate a larger area of ​​photovoltaic modules while maintaining the same transport capacity. Furthermore, combined with the ratio of solar cells to photovoltaic modules in the above embodiment, the photovoltaic modules loaded within a container can achieve higher power generation.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG1 , the length of the first side of the battery cell 21 (i.e., s1) is 190 / n mm to 195 / n mm, or 207 / n mm to 212 / n mm, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, representing the number of battery cells included in the battery cell layer.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, when n=2 (i.e., a cell 21 formed by two slices), the aspect ratio of the cell (the ratio of the longer side to the shorter side of the cell, i.e., s2 / s1) is 1.88 to 1.92. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0067] For example, n=3 (ie, the battery cell 21 is formed by three slices).

[0068] In such an embodiment, the length of the second side of the cell 21 (i.e., s2) is greater than the length of the first side (i.e., s1), so that the cell 21 has a longer dimension along the second side of the frame 1, so that under the condition of the same area limited by the frame 21, the total area of ​​the cell 21 in the cell layer 2 is larger, so as to further make the cell have a higher area ratio in the photovoltaic module, thereby having a higher power generation capacity.

[0069] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic assembly of the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1 from a front view, wherein the frame is omitted. Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of part B of the photovoltaic assembly shown in Fig. 3 .

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the cell layer 2 further includes a first busbar 23. The first busbar 23 is arranged along a second direction parallel to the second side of the photovoltaic module. The first busbar 23 is arranged between the cell layer 2 and the second side of the photovoltaic module along the second direction parallel to the second side of the photovoltaic module, and is electrically connected to adjacent cells 21 via a welding ribbon. In the first direction, the spacing between the first busbar 23 and the edge of the laminate 3 is 10 mm to 15 mm, and the spacing between the first busbar 23 and the electrically connected cell 21 is 2.5 mm to 5 mm.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, first busbars 23 are provided at both ends of the cell layer 2 in the longitudinal direction (the vertical direction as shown in Figure 3) to connect the cell layers 21 located at both ends of the longitudinal direction (the upper and lower ends as shown in Figure 3) of the cell layer 2 to the first busbars 23 via welding ribbons. Each cell 21 is provided with, but is not limited to, 2m welding ribbons, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to 7 and less than or equal to 10 (i.e., 7≤m≤10).

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG4 , the spacing (i.e., d1) between the first busbar 23 and the edge of the laminate 3 (the frame is omitted in FIG4 for clarity) in the first direction is 10 mm to 15 mm (i.e., 10 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 15 mm), so that the photovoltaic module has a predetermined creepage distance. This prevents leakage at the cell edges and improves the voltage resistance of the photovoltaic module.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG4 , in a first direction, the spacing (i.e., d2) between the first busbar 23 and the electrically connected battery cell 21 is 2.5 mm to 5 mm (i.e., 2.5 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 5 mm). In a preferred embodiment, d2 is 3.3 mm (i.e., d2 = 3.3 mm).

[0074] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned dimensional design facilitates the manufacture of photovoltaic modules. If d2 is too small, the first bus ribbon 23 may be misaligned during the lamination and / or stacking process. For example, the first bus ribbon 23 may contact the cell 21, causing the cell 21 to crack due to the stress. If d2 is too large, a larger area of ​​the laminate 3 is required, resulting in waste of the laminate 3.

[0075] FIG5 is a partial enlarged view of portion C of the photovoltaic module shown in FIG3 .

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 3 and 5, the battery cell layer 2 also includes a second busbar 22, which is arranged in the middle of the multiple battery cells and extends along the second direction; wherein the spacing between the second busbar 22 and the adjacent battery cells 21 is 2.5 mm to 3.8 mm.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , in the first direction, the spacing between the second bus ribbon 22 and the electrically connected solar cells 21 (i.e., d7 and d8) is 2.5 mm to 3.8 mm (i.e., 2.5 mm ≤ d7 ≤ 3.8 mm, i.e., 2.5 mm ≤ d8 ≤ 3.8 mm), and d7 and d8 are equal. In a preferred embodiment, d7 and d8 are 3.5 mm (i.e., d7 = d8 = 3.3 mm).

[0078] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned dimensional design facilitates the manufacture of photovoltaic modules. If d7 and / or d8 are too small, the second busbar 22 may be easily misaligned during the lamination and / or stacking process. For example, the second busbar 22 may contact the cell 21, causing the cell 21 to crack due to the stress. If d7 or d8 are too large, a larger area of ​​the laminate 3 is required, resulting in waste of the laminate 3.

[0079] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG3 and FIG5 , the battery cell layer 2 is separated into two battery groups by a second busbar 22 , each battery group includes multiple battery strings, and multiple battery cells 21 in the same battery string are connected in series.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 3 to 5 , the two battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack. In the second direction, a first spacing is provided between a cell 21 in the first battery pack adjacent to a first side of the photovoltaic module and an edge of the laminate 3, and a second spacing is provided between a cell 21 in the second battery pack adjacent to the first side of the photovoltaic module and an edge of the laminate 3. The first spacing is different from the second spacing, and / or the absolute value of the difference between the first spacing and the second spacing is less than 0.8 mm.

[0081] In a schematic embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the second bus bar 22 is disposed in the middle of the battery sheet layer 2 in the longitudinal direction (the up and down direction as shown in FIG. 3) to separate a plurality of battery sheets 21 on both sides of the second bus bar 22 (the upper side and the lower side as shown in FIG. 3) into two battery groups. The battery sheets 21 of the two battery groups adjacent to the second bus bar 22 are electrically connected to the second bus bar 22 through welding tapes. Among them, each battery sheet 21 includes but is not limited to being provided with 2m welding tapes, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to 7 and less than or equal to 10 (i.e., 7 ≤ m ≤ 10). Further, each battery group includes a plurality of并排 battery strings connected in series.

[0082] In a schematic embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, in the second direction, the distance (i.e., d5) between the outermost (i.e., upper) battery sheet 21 in the battery group on the left side of the second bus bar 22 and the edge of the laminate 3 is not equal to the distance (i.e., d6) between the outermost (i.e., upper) battery sheet 21 in the battery group on the right side of the second bus bar 22 and the edge of the laminate 3 (i.e., d5 ≠ d6), and the absolute value of the difference between d5 and d6 is less than 0.8 mm (i.e., 丨d5 - d6丨 ≤ 0.8 mm, such as 丨d5 - d6丨 = 0.5 mm). Thus, the welding tapes of the battery sheets 21 of the two battery groups on both sides are arranged in a staggered manner with the second bus bar 22. And the photovoltaic module has a set creepage distance. In this way, leakage at the edge of the battery sheet can be prevented to improve the withstand voltage performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0083] In a schematic embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the width (i.e., W1) of the first bus bar 23 is different from the width (i.e., W2) of the second bus bar 22. Specifically, the width of the first bus bar 23 (i.e., W1) is greater than or equal to 2.5 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm (i.e., 2.5 mm ≤ W1 ≤ 4 mm); the width of the second bus bar 22 (i.e., W2) is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 7 mm (i.e., 5 mm ≤ W1 ≤ 7 mm). In a preferred embodiment, W1 is 3.5 mm (i.e., W1 = 3.5 mm) and W2 is 6 mm (i.e., W2 = 6 mm).

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 4, in the first direction, the distance between two adjacent battery sheets 21 in the same battery string is less than or equal to 2 mm, or the adjacent ends of two adjacent battery sheets 21 in the same battery string overlap and the overlapping length is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. And, in the second direction, the distance between two adjacent battery strings is 0.8 mm to 2 mm.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG4 , adjacent battery strings within a battery pack are spaced apart in the vertical direction as shown in FIG4 , with the spacing between adjacent battery strings (i.e., d4) ranging from 0.8 mm to 2 mm (0.8 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 2 mm). Furthermore, the spacing between adjacent battery cells 21 within the battery pack (i.e., d3) is less than or equal to 2 mm, or the adjacent ends of adjacent battery cells 21 within the battery string overlap, with the overlap length being less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The overlapping locations are connected by adhesive. A soldering tape is disposed such that one end of the soldering tape is positioned on the front side of the battery cell and the other end is positioned on the back side of the battery cell, extending across the overlapped location of the two battery cells. In a preferred embodiment, in the first direction, the spacing between adjacent battery cells 21 within the battery pack is 1.1 mm (i.e., d3 = 1.1 mm), and in the second direction, the spacing between battery strings is 1.66 mm (i.e., d4 = 1.66 mm).

[0086] In this embodiment, the spacing between adjacent cells and the spacing between adjacent cell strings within the same cell pack are designed to facilitate the manufacture of photovoltaic modules. If d3 and / or d4 are too small, the cells 21 may be misaligned, causing them to contact other cells 21, thereby generating squeezing forces and causing hidden cracks in the cells 21. If d3 and / or d4 are too large, a larger area of ​​laminate 3 is required, resulting in waste of laminate 3.

[0087] Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of portion D of the photovoltaic module shown in Figure 1 , wherein the frame is omitted. Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of portion E of the photovoltaic module shown in Figure 1 , illustrating the first outlet.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 1, 6, 7, and 8, the sealing layer further comprises a back plate, on which at least one lead-out port is provided, and the lead-out port partially overlaps with the second busbar 22 in the orthographic projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell 21. In this way, the lead-out terminal 221 of the second busbar 22 can be exposed within the lead-out port. According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 1, 6, and 7, the end of the battery cell 21 adjacent to and facing the lead-out port has a chamfered structure. In this way, in the orthographic projection along the thickness direction of the battery cell 21, the lead-out port can be offset from the battery cell 21.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 8 , four second busbars 22 are disposed along the center of the photovoltaic module, corresponding to the positive and negative electrodes of the two battery packs, respectively. Furthermore, the facing ends of the four second busbars 22 form bent sections that bend away from the battery layer 2 to serve as lead-out terminals 221.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6 and 7 , the backplane includes, but is not limited to, glass. Furthermore, three outlets are provided at positions corresponding to the bends formed by the four second busbars 22. Specifically, these include a first outlet 32 ​​located in the center and two second outlets 31 located on either side of the first outlet 32.

[0091] FIG8 is a partially enlarged view of the first outlet shown in FIG7 .

[0092] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the outlet has an oblong through hole with a major axis and a minor axis. The oblong through hole is composed of four arc segments, with two opposing arc segments symmetrically arranged. Specifically, two opposing arc segments of the four arc segments are cocircular (e.g., the two arc segments along the major axis in Figure 8 are cocircular), while the other two opposing arc segments are coelliptical (e.g., the two arc segments along the minor axis in Figure 8 are coelliptical). The four arc segments are connected end to end to form an oblong shape. The major axis is parallel to the second side, and the minor axis is parallel to the first side.

[0093] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG7 and FIG8 , the length of the short axis is less than the sum of the spacing between the two second bus bars 22 exposed to the lead-out port and the battery cells 21 on both sides and the width of the second bus bar 22 .

[0094] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , the ratio of the length of the major axis to the length of the minor axis is 1.2 to 1.5.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 7 , the first outlet 32 ​​includes but is not limited to an oblong through hole, and the second outlet 31 includes but is not limited to a circular through hole. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0096] For example, the three lead-out openings may all be circular, elliptical, or other through holes in shapes suitable for leading out the lead-out terminals 221 .

[0097] In an illustrative embodiment, the photovoltaic module also includes a junction box (not shown in the figure), which is arranged on the outside of the back glass. The junction box is equipped with diodes and connection points suitable for connecting the positive and negative poles to connect the connection points to the lead-out terminals 221 provided on the second busbar 22.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , the bent sections formed by the second busbars 22 on either side of the first outlet 32 ​​extend from the first outlet 32 ​​and are suitable for connecting to an external junction box (not shown). Furthermore, the two lead terminals 221 extending from the first outlet 32 ​​are spaced apart and arranged parallel to the first side.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG8 , the first outlet 32 ​​is composed of four arc segments, with two opposing arc segments symmetrically arranged. Specifically, two opposing arc segments of the four arc segments are cocircular, while the other two opposing arc segments are coelliptical. The four arc segments are connected end to end to form the oblong first outlet 32. The length L1 of the major axis includes, but is not limited to, 12 mm to 18 mm (i.e., 12 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 18 mm), the length L2 of the minor axis includes, but is not limited to, 12 mm to 18 mm (i.e., 10 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 14 mm), and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis length is 1.2 to 1.5 (i.e., L1 / L2 = 1.2 to 1.5).

[0100] Furthermore, L2 is also smaller than the sum of the distance between the two second busbars 22 and the electrically connected battery cells 21 (i.e., d7 and d8) and the width of the lead-out terminal 221 (the width of the lead-out terminal 221 is consistent with the width of the second busbar 22, i.e., W2) (i.e., L2<d7+d8+W2). In this way, the chamfers set on the battery cells 21 near the lead-out port (i.e., the four battery cells located at the upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right of the lead-out port as shown in Figures 6 and 7) can prevent the battery cells 21 from being exposed in the lead-out port, thereby preventing the battery cells 21 from being broken.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the spacing between the two lead terminals 221 exposed to the lead outlet (such as the first lead outlet 32) is 5 mm to 7 mm, and the ratio of the spacing between the two lead terminals 221 to the length of the major axis is 0.375 to 0.5. The lead terminals 221 and the second busbar 22 have the same width, and the ratio of the lead terminals 221 to the length of the minor axis is 0.4 to 0.6.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG8 , the spacing between the two lead terminals 221 (i.e., d11) is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 7 mm (i.e., 5 mm ≤ d11 ≤ 7 mm), and the ratio of d11 to the major axis L1 is 0.375 to 0.5 (i.e., d11 / L1=0.375~0.5), and the ratio of d11 to the minor axis L2 is 0.4 to 0.6 (i.e., d11 / L2=0.4~0.6).

[0103] In this embodiment, the first lead-out hole 32 of the oblong through-hole is adapted to the size of the lead-out terminal 221 formed by the second busbar 22 extending from the first lead-out hole 32. Compared with a circular through-hole with a diameter of L1, its width dimension (i.e., the distance between the left and right ends as shown in FIG8 ) is narrower; compared with an elliptical through-hole with a major axis of L2, its length dimension (i.e., the distance between the upper and lower ends as shown in FIG8 ) is narrower. On the basis of meeting the requirement of accommodating the lead-out terminal 221 (i.e., the bent section) extending from the first lead-out hole 32 for electrical connection to the junction box, the first lead-out hole 32 has a smaller opening area and a greater stress load, which can further prevent hidden cracks in the battery cell.

[0104] It should also be noted that directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," and "right" mentioned in the embodiments are merely references to the drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Throughout the drawings, identical elements are represented by identical or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or configurations will be omitted where they may cause confusion in understanding this application.

[0105] The embodiments of the present application have been described above. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Although each embodiment has been described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be advantageously used in combination. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present application, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, comprising a first side extending along a first direction and a second side extending along a second direction, wherein the first direction intersects the second direction; The photovoltaic module further comprises: A battery cell layer (2) comprising a plurality of battery cells (21) arranged in a row and column array along the first side and the second side; wherein the ratio of the sum of the side lengths of the plurality of battery cells (21) arranged along the first side to the length of the first side is a first ratio, the first ratio being greater than or equal to 95%, the ratio of the sum of the side lengths of the plurality of battery cells (21) arranged along the second side to the length of the second side is a second ratio, the second ratio being greater than or equal to 95%; and the absolute value of the difference between the first ratio and the second ratio is less than or equal to 0.8%; The length of the first side is greater than or equal to 2370 mm and less than or equal to 2390 mm; The length of the second side is greater than or equal to 1120 mm and less than or equal to 1150 mm.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: The first ratio is greater than the second ratio.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: The length of the first side of the battery cell (21) is 190 / n mm to 195 / n mm, or 207 / n mm to 212 / n mm; Wherein, n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, representing the number of battery cells included in the battery cell layer.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a sealing layer, which is laminated on the front and back sides of the battery layer (2), and the sealing layer and the battery layer (2) form a laminate (3).

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein: It also includes a frame (1), wherein two intersecting sides of the frame (1) define the first side and the second side of the photovoltaic component. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5 , wherein: The edge of the laminate (3) is inserted into the frame (1), and the distance between the edge of the laminate (3) and the edge of the frame (1) is 2 mm to 4 mm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: The battery cell layer (2) further includes a first busbar (23), wherein the first busbar (23) is arranged on one side of the plurality of battery cells (21) and extends along the second direction; Wherein, in the first direction, the spacing between the first busbar (23) and the edge of the laminate (3) is 10 mm to 15 mm, and the spacing between the first busbar (23) and the adjacent battery cell (21) is 2.5 mm to 5 mm.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: The battery cell layer (2) further includes a second busbar (22), the second busbar (22) being arranged in the middle of the plurality of battery cells (21) and extending along the second direction; Wherein, in the first direction, the spacing between the second busbar (22) and the adjacent battery cell (21) is 2.5 mm to 3.8 mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, wherein: The battery cell layer (2) is divided into two battery groups by the second busbar (22), each of the battery groups includes a plurality of battery strings, and the plurality of battery cells (21) in the same battery string are connected in series.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, wherein: The two battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein in the second direction, a first spacing exists between a battery sheet (21) adjacent to the first side in the first battery pack and an edge of the laminate (3), and a second spacing exists between a battery sheet (21) adjacent to the first side in the second battery pack and an edge of the laminate (3), wherein: The first spacing is different from the second spacing; And / or, the absolute value of the difference between the first spacing and the second spacing is less than 0.8 mm.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, wherein: In the first direction, the spacing between two adjacent battery cells (21) in the same battery string is less than or equal to 2 mm, or the adjacent ends of two adjacent battery cells (21) in the same battery string overlap and the overlapping length is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; Furthermore, in the second direction, a distance between two adjacent battery strings is 0.8 mm to 2 mm.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, wherein: The sealing layer comprises a back plate, on which at least one lead-out port is provided, and the orthographic projection of the lead-out port in the thickness direction of the battery sheet (21) partially overlaps with the second busbar (22).

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, wherein: The end of the battery sheet (21) adjacent to and facing the outlet has a chamfered structure.

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12 or 13, wherein: The outlet is an oblong through hole having a long axis and a short axis, the long axis is parallel to the second side of the photovoltaic component, and the short axis is parallel to the first side of the photovoltaic component.

15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 14, wherein: The length of the short axis is less than the sum of the spacing between the two second bus bars (22) exposed to the outlet and the battery cells (21) on both sides and the width of the second bus bar (22).

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 14, wherein: The ratio of the length of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.2 to 1.

5.

17. The photovoltaic module according to claim 14, wherein: The facing ends of the second busbar (22) form a bent section bent in a direction away from the battery layer (2) to serve as a lead-out terminal (221), wherein the spacing between the two lead-out terminals (221) exposed to the lead-out port is 5 mm to 7 mm, and the ratio of the spacing between the two lead-out terminals (221) to the length of the major axis is 0.375 to 0.5; And / or, the lead terminal (221) and the second busbar (22) have the same width, and the ratio of the length of the lead terminal (221) to the length of the short axis is 0.4 to 0.6.

Images