Signal sending method, signal receiving method, communication apparatus, and storage medium

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the technical field of communications, and provide a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, an apparatus, and a storage medium. The signal sending method comprises: sending S level signals on a time domain resource, wherein the time domain resource comprises at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration, and S is a positive integer.

Description

Signal sending method, signal receiving method, communication device and storage medium

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202410172363.7, filed on February 6, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, a communication device, and a storage medium. Background Art

[0003] Passive IoT communication is a type of IoT communication that enables devices to activate and transmit data by receiving external radio frequency signals without requiring an internal power source or battery. It offers advantages such as energy conservation, environmental friendliness, and low cost. It is suitable for devices that require long-term operation or require ongoing maintenance, and will have a wide range of applications in the future. Furthermore, fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) will gradually support passive IoT communication, promoting the development of the communications field.

[0004] Currently, the uplink and downlink signals used in 5G new radio (NR) communication systems cannot be aligned with the uplink and downlink signals used in passive IoT communications. For example, the downlink signal in the 5G NR communication system is transmitted using a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform, which has a fixed frame structure and OFDM symbol length. When a device receives a downlink signal, it performs operations such as cyclic prefix (CP) removal, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) demodulation, and channel decoding to complete the reception of the downlink signal.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, a communication device, and a storage medium.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a signal transmission method, including:

[0008] S level signals are sent on a time domain resource, where the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration; S is a positive integer.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a signal receiving method, including:

[0010] S level signals are received on a time domain resource, where the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration; S is a positive integer.

[0011] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device, including:

[0012] The sending module is used to send S level signals on a time domain resource, where the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration; S is a positive integer.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides another communication device, including:

[0014] The receiving module is used to receive S level signals on a time domain resource, where the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration, and S is a positive integer.

[0015] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides another communication device, comprising a processor, which implements the signal sending method of the first aspect or the signal receiving method of the second aspect when executing a computer program.

[0016] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes computer instructions; when the computer instructions are executed, the signal sending method of the first aspect mentioned above is implemented, or the signal receiving method of the second aspect mentioned above is implemented.

[0017] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product containing instructions, which includes a computer program. When the computer program runs on a computer, the computer implements the signal sending method of the first aspect above, or implements the signal receiving method of the second aspect above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings.

[0019] FIG1 is a topological diagram of a passive Internet of Things provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG2 is a topological diagram of another passive Internet of Things provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG3 is a topological diagram of another passive Internet of Things provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG4 is a topological diagram of another passive Internet of Things provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a downlink time slot provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of envelope detection provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG8 is a flow chart of a signal sending method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 9 is a diagram of a data information Q provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. k Schematic diagram of the processing flow.

[0028] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a level signal structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a signal sending process provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG12 is a flow chart of another signal sending method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an OFDM symbol provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another OFDM symbol provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency domain resource provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another OFDM symbol provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a level signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of another level signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of another level signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another OFDM symbol provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of another level signal provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another level signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of another frequency domain resource provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of another frequency domain resource provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of another frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG27 is a flow chart of an uplink signal sending method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG28 is a flow chart of another uplink signal sending method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG29 is a flow chart of another uplink signal sending method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG30 is a flow chart of a backscatter transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG31 is a flow chart of an uplink transmission carried by an excitation signal provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG32 is a flow chart of uplink transmission without an excitation signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG33 is a schematic diagram of a transmission structure of an uplink backscatter signal on a downlink spectrum provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] FIG34 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which an uplink backscatter signal and an excitation signal are transmitted on different frequency spectra, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG35 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which an uplink backscatter signal and an excitation signal are transmitted on the same spectrum, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] FIG36 is a flow chart of a signal receiving method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] FIG37 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG38 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0057] FIG39 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0059] In the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or", for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: only A, only B, and A and B. In addition, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. Expressions such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and expressions such as "first" and "second" do not limit the meaning of the defined terms to be necessarily different.

[0060] It should be noted that in this disclosure, words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described in this disclosure as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts by way of example.

[0061] Figures 1 to 4 show the topological structure of the passive IoT currently supported by 5G. As shown in Figure 1, Figure 1 includes a base station (BS) 10 and an ambient IoT device (A-IoT device) 20. In the topological structure shown in Figure 1, the base station 10 and the passive IoT device 20 can directly transmit signals. As shown in Figure 2, in addition to the base station 10 and the passive IoT device 20, an intermediate node 30 is also included. In the topological structure shown in Figure 2, the base station 10 and the passive IoT device 20 transmit signals through the intermediate node 30. As shown in Figure 3, in addition to the base station 10 and the passive IoT device 20, an assisting node 40 is also included. In the topological structure shown in Figure 3, the passive IoT device 20 can send signals directly to the base station 10, while the base station 10 needs to send signals to the passive IoT device 20 through the assisting node 40. As shown in Figure 4, in addition to the base station 10 and the passive IoT device 20, an assisting node 40 is also included. Different from the topology shown in FIG3 , in the topology shown in FIG4 , the base station 10 can directly send signals to the passive IoT device 20 , but the passive IoT device 20 needs to send signals to the base station 10 through the auxiliary node 40 .

[0062] In passive IoT communication technologies, information is typically transmitted and received using a fixed frame structure. A frame signal consists of a header, data, and trailer. The header and trailer are fixed bit sequences or high and low-level signals. The header is used to identify the start of a signal, while the trailer is used to identify the end of a signal, thereby determining the transmission duration and number of data symbols within the frame signal.

[0063] In the 5G communication system, the downlink signal used is transmitted using a CP-OFDM waveform. As shown in Figure 5, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a downlink time slot provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Figure 5, there are CP and OFDM symbols in the time slot. When transmitting downlink signals, the base station configures the number of OFDM symbols and frequency domain resource blocks required for downlink transmission for the device based on the downlink service scheduling. Taking a 15kHz sub-carrier spacing (SCS) as an example, the corresponding order of magnitude μ=0, and the duration of a downlink time slot is 2^μ=1ms. A time slot includes 14 OFDM symbols, and the duration of each OFDM symbol is 66.67us. As for the OFDM symbol parameters under the SCS configuration, please refer to the contents shown in Table 1, which will not be elaborated in this disclosure.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] Therefore, when receiving downlink signals, devices must perform operations such as CP removal, OFDM demodulation, and channel decoding. However, because devices in passive IoT communication technologies typically use a fixed frame structure to transmit and receive information, as shown in Figure 6, these devices can only detect the level and duration of downlink signals through simple envelope detection, without supporting complex operations such as CP removal and OFDM demodulation. In addition to the downlink signals mentioned above, uplink signals also face similar alignment issues, which are not discussed in detail in this disclosure.

[0066] Therefore, in the process of designing 5G to support passive IoT communications, aligning the uplink and downlink signals in passive IoT communications with the uplink and downlink signals in 5G NR, and how devices in passive IoT communications can better distinguish data information have become urgent issues to be solved.

[0067] Based on this, the present disclosure provides a signal sending method and a signal receiving method, which reduces the difficulty of time domain alignment at the receiving end by sending multiple level signals on a period of time domain resources. And by combining multiple level signals, the detection accuracy of the receiving end to the level signal can be improved, thereby improving the detection and recognition capability of the receiving end to the time slot or OFDM symbol, so that the receiving end can better align with the time slot or OFDM symbol of 5G. Sending multiple level signals on a period of time domain resources can improve the ratio of signal to interference (also known as signal-to-interference ratio) to improve the anti-interference ability of the signal and further improve the reliability of data transmission. And by combining multiple level signals, more complex data encoding can also be achieved, and the receiving end can also distinguish data information of 0 and 1 by the combination of different level signals when receiving.

[0068] The signal transmission method and signal reception method provided by the present disclosure can be applied to a communication system as shown in Figure 7 , which shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 7 , the communication system includes a first node 10 and a second node 20 .

[0069] In some embodiments, the first node 10 may be a base station or an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in long term evolution (LTE), long term evolution advanced (LTE-A), a base station device in a 5G network, or a base station in a future communication system. Base stations may include various network-side devices such as macro base stations, micro base stations, home base stations, wireless remote devices, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), routers, and wireless fidelity (WIFI) devices. Alternatively, the first node 10 may also be an auxiliary node or an intermediate node.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first node 10 is configured to send multiple level signals on a period of time domain resources.

[0071] In some embodiments, the second node 20 may be a passive IoT device configured to receive multiple level signals over a period of time domain resources.

[0072] It should be noted that Figure 7 is only an exemplary framework diagram. The number of devices included in Figure 7 and the names of each device are not restricted. In addition to the devices shown in Figure 7, the communication system may also include other devices, such as core network devices.

[0073] The application scenarios of the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited. The system architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0074] FIG8 shows a flow chart of a signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG8 , the signal transmission method is applied to the first node 10 in FIG7 , and includes the following steps:

[0075] S101. Send S level signals on a period of time domain resources.

[0076] In some embodiments, the time domain resources include at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, a predefined duration, and S is a positive integer.

[0077] In some embodiments, each of the S level signals includes at least one of the following: a level symbol, an amplitude sequence, an all-1 sequence An all-0 sequence A high level sequence A low level sequence L is the duration or number of sampling points of a level signal. A is a positive number, and A>B.

[0078] The time domain resources are used to carry at least one of the following: one or more level symbols, an all-1 sequence, an all-0 sequence, a high-level sequence, and a low-level sequence.

[0079] For example, the time domain resource carries a 1 / 2Manchester codeword, that is, the information bit '0' corresponds to the codeword '01' and the information bit '1' corresponds to the codeword '10'. The time domain resource carries a codeword (that is, two level sequences with different amplitudes), then a level signal is or

[0080] The time domain resources include at least one of the following: at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration.

[0081] For example, when the time domain resources include at least one OFDM symbol, taking the example that the information to be transmitted corresponds to 80 level symbols and each OFDM symbol can carry 8 levels, the 80 level symbols need to be transmitted on 10 OFDM symbols.

[0082] As another example, a level signal is a time domain unit carrying 4 high-level sequences and / or low-level sequences, the order of magnitude μ=0, the subcarrier spacing is 15KHz, the length of an OFDM symbol (including CP) is 71.35us, and the duration of each level sequence is 16.67us. Then a time domain unit is determined to be 66.7us based on the product of the number of level sequences carried in the time domain unit and the duration of the level sequence.

[0083] In another example, a level signal is a time domain unit carrying 4 high-level sequences and / or low-level sequences, the order of magnitude μ=0, the subcarrier spacing is 15KHz, the length of an OFDM symbol (including CP) is 71.35us, and the duration of each level sequence is 16us. Then a time domain unit is determined to be 64us based on the product of the number of level sequences carried in the time domain unit and the duration of the level sequence.

[0084] In another exemplary embodiment, the duration of the level signal is the duration of one OFDM symbol, and the level signal is generated in the following manner.

[0085] Step 1: An OFDM symbol includes M level symbols, where M is greater than or equal to 1.

[0086] Assume that the data information sent on M level symbols is S M, define S M =[s0,s1,s2,s3...,s M-1 ] and its length is M.

[0087] Step 2: Use the following formula (1) or formula (2) to convert S M Convert to data information Q K , where Q K The length of is K, K is greater than or equal to M. For example,

[0088] or,

[0089] Among them, A0+A1+…A i +…+A M-1 =K

[0090] Among them, data Configurable. Where 0≤i≤M-1.

[0091] Step 3: As shown in Figure 9, data information Q K The processing flow is:

[0092] (1) Data information Q K After K point DFT / FFT operation, the data information D is obtained. K =[d0,d1,d2,d3,...,d K-1 ];

[0093] (2) Data information D K Fill in the K subcarriers corresponding to the low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) in the frequency domain;

[0094] (3) When the system frequency domain bandwidth includes N subcarriers, N point IDFT / IFFT operations are performed on the padding data on the N subcarriers to obtain the time domain data T of N sampling points. N =[t0,t1,t2,t3,...,t N-1 ].

[0095] Then T N =[t0,t1,t2,t3,...,t N-1 ] is the sampling point data of M time domain level symbols. Among them, [t0,t1,t2,t3,...,t N / M-1 ] is the sampling point data of the first time domain level symbol among M time domain level symbols, [t N / M ,t N / M+1 ,...,t 2N / M-1] is the sampling point data of the second time domain level symbol in M ​​time domain level symbols, and so on, [t (M-1)N / M ,t(M-1)N / M+1,...,t N-1 ] is the sampling point data of the Mth time domain level symbol among M time domain level symbols.

[0096] Finally, the time domain data T of N sampling points N =[t0,t1,t2,t3,...,t N-1 ] Before sending, it is also necessary to perform a cyclic prefix addition operation, that is, to add the time domain data T of N sampling points N The N at the end of cp The information of each sampling point is copied to the time domain data T of N sampling points N The head of (N+N cp ) sampling points, and then the (N+N cp ) sampling points’ time domain data are sent out.

[0097] For example, the original information bit '11' is encoded into a sequence of '1010' after 1 / 2 Manchester coding, generating a level signal structure diagram as shown in FIG10 .

[0098] In another example, the duration of the level signal is one OFDM symbol, and the level signal is generated as follows. The original information bit '11' is coded as '1010' after 1 / 2 Manchester encoding, and the generated level signal is upsampled by 8 times to '1111111100000000011111111000000000', which is then multiplied by cos(2πf c t), where t ranges from 0 to 31.

[0099] In another exemplary embodiment, the predefined duration is determined based on at least one of the following: order of magnitude μ, SCS, OFDM symbol length, codeword length, level signal carried by the time domain resource, and number of information bits of the time domain resource.

[0100] Among them, SCS is 15 / 2 n kHz, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0101] As another example, when transmitting a level signal, the first node may utilize the OFDM modulation scheme of 5G NR, as shown in Figure 11, and then perform time domain separation based on the number of level grids. In some embodiments, after obtaining the bit sequence, the first node extends the length of the bit sequence to the same number of occupied REs (resource elements). Here, an RE refers to a subcarrier in frequency and a symbol in time.

[0102] Next, the first node increases the signal power (Power boosting) and performs power normalization based on per RE to complete power normalization for each RE. Then, the first node performs a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the extended bit sequence. Furthermore, the first node performs RE mapping on the frequency domain sequence after DFT. Next, the first node performs an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the signal mapped in the frequency domain, which is the OFDM modulation process. Furthermore, the first node divides the time domain signal into M segments according to the number M of level signals, or performs CP filling on each level. Finally, the first node sends a level signal to the second node.

[0103] This ensures that when the CPs of various signal levels are redistributed, the SCS and sampling rate configurations of the CP-OFDM waveform remain applicable. Furthermore, the second node can implement hard decision detection without performing operations such as CP removal.

[0104] As another example, when transmitting a level signal, the first node may employ the transmission process shown in FIG12 , aligning only the time domain with 5G NR OFDM symbols or time slots. Based on the number of levels M and the bandwidth, the time domain length of each level is determined, or an IFFT is performed on each level symbol separately. In some embodiments, after obtaining the bit sequence, the first node extends the length of the bit sequence so that the number of REs or sampling points occupied by it is the same. Next, the first node increases the signal power (power boosting) and performs power normalization on a per-RE basis to complete power normalization for each RE. Then, a DFT transform is performed separately at each level. Furthermore, the first node performs RE mapping on the DFT-processed frequency domain sequence. The first node then determines the symbol length corresponding to each level, or, based on the number of level signals M, sets the symbol length corresponding to each level to a fixed length. An IFFT transform is then performed on the mapped frequency domain signal. Next, the time domain symbols are time-aligned and signal concatenated. Finally, the first node transmits the level signal to the second node.

[0105] In this way, during the transmission process, the length of different high and low level symbols is controllable, which is conducive to detecting high and low transitions. In addition, the length of each symbol in the predefined time slot is used for reception at the second node.

[0106] In some embodiments, one OFDM symbol carries M level signals.

[0107] Among the M level signals, the first level signal is the same as the last level signal; or,

[0108] The first level signal and the last level signal of the S level signals are the same; or,

[0109] In two adjacent OFDM symbols, the last level signal carried by the first OFDM symbol is the same as the last level signal carried by the second OFDM symbol. M is a positive integer less than or equal to S.

[0110] As a possible implementation, as shown in FIG13 , the OFDM symbol also carries the cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol, and the sum of the time domain length of the cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol.

[0111] In this way, the CP of the OFDM symbol and the amplitude of the first level signal in the OFDM symbol are known, so that the second node can detect the level signal without removing the CP.

[0112] Exemplarily, M level signals can also be used to represent 1 bit of data information. For example, if "10111" represents data bit 0 and "11101" represents data bit 1, each OFDM symbol carries five level signals. Furthermore, the CP portion of each OFDM symbol has the same amplitude as the first level signal in the OFDM symbol.

[0113] In some embodiments, the number M of level signals carried by the OFDM symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: data information, codeword, modulation mode, and size of a transmission frequency band.

[0114] Here, the number of level signals that can be carried by an OFDM symbol is less than or equal to a threshold of 1 and / or greater than or equal to a threshold of 0. The threshold is related to the frequency domain resources occupied by the level signal (for example, the number of RBs (resource blocks), the number of REs, SCS, and bandwidth). Here, one RB includes 12 consecutive subcarriers in frequency.

[0115] Exemplarily, each level signal occupies at least 2 REs in the frequency domain, where X is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 12. The number of REs occupied by each level signal in the frequency domain can be any one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12.

[0116] In this way, by stipulating the number of REs occupied by each level signal in the frequency domain, flexibility can be improved to adapt to different communication scenarios.

[0117] In some embodiments, M supports different values ​​for different OFDM symbols.

[0118] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG14 , the number of level signals in different OFDM symbols is not fixed. Alternatively, the first node can indicate the number of level signals in different OFDM symbols to the second node via a control command. Control signaling and data information are transmitted in different frames / time slots / OFDM symbols.

[0119] For example, "10" represents data bit 0, and "1110" represents data bit 1. The number of level signals carried by each OFDM symbol is determined based on the transmitted data information. For example, if the level signal data carried by an OFDM symbol is less than or equal to a threshold value of 6, then an OFDM symbol can carry any of the following data bits: "010," "111," "101," "11101," or "01110."

[0120] In this way, the number of level signals carried in different OFDM symbols can be dynamically adjusted, which can improve the flexibility and adaptability of the transmission process, and is conducive to better meeting different communication requirements and optimizing system performance.

[0121] In some embodiments, each level signal in the M level signals occupies a different RE in the frequency domain.

[0122] For example, as shown in a of Figure 15 , 4 level signals are transmitted on a frequency domain resource segment, and the frequency domain resources occupied by the 4 level signals total 12 REs. Therefore, the number of REs occupied by each level signal is an even number. Therefore, the RE allocation scheme can be that level signals 1 and level signals 3 each occupy 2 REs, and level signals 2 and level signals 4 each occupy 4 REs. As shown in b of Figure 15 , 5 level signals are transmitted on a frequency domain resource segment, and the frequency domain resources occupied by the 5 level signals total 12 REs. Therefore, the 5 level signals need to divide the 12 REs into equal parts. Therefore, the RE allocation scheme can be that the first and last level signals, level signals 1 and level signal 5, each occupy 3 REs, and the middle level signals 2, level signals 3, and level signals 4 each occupy 2 REs.

[0123] In another example, the number of REs occupied by high-level signals in an OFDM symbol is n1, and the number of REs occupied by low-level signals is n2, where n1 is greater than or equal to n2, and the sum of n1*the number of high-level signals and n2*the number of low-level signals equals the total number of REs available for transmitting low-level signals.

[0124] It should be understood that the number of REs occupied by the configuration level signal transmission needs to be determined according to the actual transmission situation, not the number of REs allocated for each transmission (N RE ), can be divided into M levels by an OFDM symbol.

[0125] In the case that the number of allocated REs cannot be divided evenly by the M level signals, the number of REs occupied by each level signal in an OFDM symbol is determined according to at least one of the following rules:

[0126] (1) The number of REs occupied by each level signal includes n and n+1. Here, n=floor(N RE / M), the number of level signals occupying n+1 REs m=mod(N RE ,n). m is the number of high-level signals in an OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the m-level signals correspond to all high-level signals. Alternatively, the m-level signals correspond to all high-level signals and some low-level signals in an OFDM symbol.

[0127] Exemplarily, one or more level signals occupying n+1 REs are distributed at the starting position of the OFDM symbol, and one or more level signals occupying n REs are distributed at the ending position of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, one or more level signals occupying n REs are distributed at the starting position of the OFDM symbol, and one or more level signals occupying n+1 REs are distributed at the ending position of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, one or more level signals occupying n REs are distributed in adjacent alternating distributions within the OFDM symbol, and one or more level signals occupying n+1 REs are distributed at the starting position and ending position of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, one or more level signals occupying n REs are distributed at non-starting positions and non-ending positions within the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, a high-level signal occupies n+1 REs, and a low-level signal occupies n REs.

[0128] (2) The number of REs occupied by each level signal includes n and n+x. The number of level signals occupying n+x REs is m. Where n=floor(N RE / M), n+x=func[N R -(Mm) / m], x is less than 0, m is a positive integer, or m is the number of high-level signals in one OFDM symbol.

[0129] For example, one or more level signals occupying n+x REs are distributed at the start, end, and end positions of an OFDM symbol. Alternatively, one or more level signals occupying n+x REs are distributed at non-start, end, and non-end positions of an OFDM symbol. Alternatively, a high-level signal occupies n+x REs, and a low-level signal occupies n REs.

[0130] (3) The number of REs occupied by each level signal includes n and n+x. The number of level signals occupying n+x REs is m. Here, n=ceil(N RE / M), n+x=func[NR -(Mm) / m], x is less than 0, m is a positive integer, or m is the number of low-level signals in one OFDM symbol.

[0131] For example, one or more level signals occupying n+x REs are distributed at the start, end, and end positions of an OFDM symbol. Alternatively, one or more level signals occupying n+x REs are distributed at non-start, end, and non-end positions of an OFDM symbol. Alternatively, a low-level signal occupies n+x REs, and a high-level signal occupies n REs.

[0132] It should be noted that the func function is used for rounding up (ceil), rounding down (floor), rounding to the nearest integer or retaining the original value, and is also used to ensure that in each level signal, each level signal occupies an integer number of REs. The number of REs occupied by each level signal is different, or the time domain duration of each level signal is different. The sum of the time length of M level signals and the CP length of OFDM symbols is accumulated, equaling the length of OFDM symbol.

[0133] Exemplarily, the number of REs of frequency domain resources that can be used for transmission of level signals is 12, and the number of level signals in each OFDM symbol is 5. Therefore, as shown in the OFDM symbol in a of FIG16 , the number of REs occupied by the respective level signals is 2, 2, 2, 2, and 4. Alternatively, as shown in the OFDM symbol in b of FIG16 , the number of REs occupied by the respective level signals is 3, 2, 2, 2, and 3.

[0134] In some embodiments, each of the M level signals carried by an OFDM symbol does not have a cyclic prefix.

[0135] The sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain length of the M level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

[0136] Exemplarily, when each of the M level signals does not have a cyclic prefix, for the level signal after IFFT transformation in each OFDM symbol, L=Ncp+nFFT is defined, and the number of sampling points occupied by each level signal is calculated according to at least one of the following:

[0137] (1) The number of long-level signals in a time slot is m, the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals is n1, and the number of sampling points occupied by long-level signals is n1 + 1. Alternatively, the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals in a time slot is n1 = floor(L / m), and the number of long-level signals is m = mod(L, n1).

[0138] (2) The number of long-level signals in a time slot is m = mod(L, M), the number of short-level signals is Mm, the number of sampling points occupied by long-level signals is 2^ceil[log2(ceil(L / M))], and the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals is 2^floor[log2(floor(L / M))].

[0139] In the above two methods, the cumulative sum of the number of sampling points of all level signals is equal to or approximately equal to L.

[0140] For example, one OFDM symbol time slot carries M levels. After performing IFFT transform on each OFDM symbol, the length of each level signal is extended or truncated from front to back based on the number and length of long level signals and the number and length of short level signals. The resulting level signal is shown in FIG17 .

[0141] In some other embodiments, each level signal in the M level signals has a cyclic prefix.

[0142] Among them, the sum of the time domain lengths of the M-level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M-level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain lengths of the M-level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M-level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

[0143] For example, as shown in Figure 18, the CP of each level signal is a part of the tail of the level signal. In this way, it can be ensured that the number of level signals in an OFDM symbol is not limited by the amplitude of the first level signal.

[0144] For example, the difference in the number of sampling points occupied by the signals of different levels in an OFDM symbol is 1 or T c or T OFDM_symbol / nFFT.

[0145] Among them, T c is the time length corresponding to one sampling point, and nFFT is the number of FFT transformation points for OFDM modulation of one OFDM symbol.

[0146] In another example, within an OFDM symbol, the CP of each level signal occupies c sampling points. Where c=func[N cp / M],N cpis the number of sampling points occupied by the CP in an OFDM symbol. Alternatively, within an OFDM symbol, the number of sampling points occupied by the CP for high-level signals is c1, and the number of sampling points occupied by the CP for low-level signals is c2. Where c1 is greater than or equal to c2. The sum of c1 * the number of high-level signals and c2 * the number of low-level signals equals the number of sampling points occupied by the CP in an OFDM symbol.

[0147] It should be understood that the number of sampling points occupied by an OFDM symbol CP cannot always be divided evenly by the various level signals in an OFDM symbol.

[0148] When the number of sampling points occupied by the CP of an OFDM symbol cannot be divided evenly by the CPs of the various level signals in an OFDM symbol, the number of sampling points occupied by the CPs of the various level signals is determined according to at least one of the following:

[0149] (1) In an OFDM symbol, the number of sampling points occupied by the CP of the level signal includes c and c+1. ​​Among them, c=floor(N cp / M), the number of level signals whose CP occupies c+1 sampling points is d=mod(N cp ,c).

[0150] (2) In an OFDM symbol, the number of sampling points occupied by the CP of the level signal includes c and c+y. Here, the number of level signals occupied by the CP of the level signal of c+y sampling points is d. c=floor(N cp / M), c+y=func[(N cp -*(Md)*c) / d], d is a positive integer, or d is the number of high-level signals in one OFDM symbol.

[0151] Exemplarily, the CP of the level signal occupies c+y sampling points, and the level signal is distributed at one or more level front ends at the start and end positions of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the CP of the level signal occupies c+y sampling points, and the level signal is distributed at one or more level front ends at non-start and non-end positions of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the CP of the high-level signal occupies c+y sampling points, and the CP of the low-level signal occupies c sampling points.

[0152] (3) In an OFDM symbol, the number of sampling points occupied by the CP of the level signal includes c and c+y. Among them, the number of level signals occupied by the CP of the level signal of c+y sampling points is d. c=ceil(N cp / M), c+y=func[(N cp -*(Md)*c) / d], d is a positive integer, or d is the number of high-level signals in one OFDM symbol.

[0153] Exemplarily, the CP of the level signal occupies c+y sampling points, and the level signal is distributed at one or more level front ends at the start and end positions of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the CP of the level signal occupies c+y sampling points, and the level signal is distributed at one or more level front ends at non-start and non-end positions of the OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the CP of the low-level signal occupies c+y sampling points, and the CP of the high-level signal occupies c sampling points.

[0154] It should be noted that the number of sampling points occupied by the CP of a level signal may be associated with the length of the level signal and the CP of the OFDM symbol.

[0155] Exemplarily, the number of sampling points occupied by the CP of a level signal is greater than or equal to 4; or, the number of sampling points occupied by the CP of a level signal is greater than or equal to 4% of the level length; or, less than or equal to 10% of the level length; or, greater than or equal to 2% of the CP of the OFDM symbol; or, less than or equal to 7% of the CP of the OFDM symbol.

[0156] It should be noted that a level signal that occupies a larger number of REs or sampling points in an OFDM symbol is called a long level signal, while a level signal that occupies a smaller number of REs or sampling points is called a short level signal. Accordingly, in an OFDM symbol, the CP of a level signal includes a long level signal CP and a short level signal CP. The CP of a long level signal is the long level signal CP, and the CP of a short level signal is the short level signal CP.

[0157] In some embodiments, in addition to carrying M level signals, the OFDM symbol also carries h level signals, where h is a positive integer.

[0158] In one OFDM symbol, an extra-level signal is inserted every M-level signals. The extra-level signal includes at least one of the following: a shorter level signal, one of the M-level signals, or a CP of one of the M-level signals.

[0159] For example, when SCS = 15 kHz, the length of an OFDM symbol is 66.67 μs (excluding the CP of the OFDM symbol), and the number of valid level signals carried is M = 16. That is, the duration of each level signal is 4 μs, and the remaining 2.67 μs serves as the CP of the level signal or as a new CP within the OFDM symbol. The OFDM symbol no longer carries the original CP, or the original CP duration is 0 μs.

[0160] As another example, when SCS = 15 kHz, the length of an OFDM symbol is 66.67 us (excluding the CP of the OFDM symbol), and the number of valid level signals carried is M = 16, that is, the duration of each level is 4 us, and the remaining 2.67 us and the CP length of the original OFDM symbol, 4.69 us, are used together as the long CP of the level signal or as a new CP of the OFDM symbol.

[0161] In some embodiments, the duration of a level signal is determined according to at least one of the following: SCS, numerology, bandwidth (BW), OFDM symbol duration, and the number of level signals transmitted in one OFDM symbol.

[0162] The duration of a level signal is greater than or equal to t0 and less than or equal to t1. t0 is greater than or equal to 3 us, and t1 is greater than or equal to 25 us or 70 us.

[0163] For example, under different SCS and bandwidth conditions, the duration of a level is shown in Table 2, which is not described in detail in this disclosure.

[0164] Table 2

[0165] In another exemplary embodiment, the guard band of the bandwidth used to transmit the level signal is not less than the frequency width occupied by 2 REs.

[0166] In some embodiments, among the S level signals transmitted on a period of time domain resources, at least a portion of the level signals have a cyclic prefix.

[0167] Among them, the time domain resource is 1 time slot, S = M*N OFDM_symbol , here, N OFDM_symbol It is the number of OFDM symbols used to transmit level signals in one time slot.

[0168] As a possible implementation manner, among the S level signals, the first type level signal has a cyclic prefix, and the second type level signal does not have a cyclic prefix; wherein, the level value corresponding to the first type level signal is different from the level value corresponding to the second type level signal; or, the time domain length of the first type level signal is different from the time domain length of the second type level signal; or, the time domain position of the first type level signal within the OFDM symbol is different from the time domain position of the second type level signal within the OFDM symbol.

[0169] In some embodiments, the number of first type level signals is N1, and the number of second type level signals is N2. Here, N1 and N2 are positive integers, and the sum of N1 and N2 is equal to S.

[0170] In some embodiments, the time domain length of each level signal in the S level signals is determined according to the time domain length of an OFDM symbol or the time domain length of a time slot.

[0171] For example, the CP operation is performed on the level signal after IFFT transformation of each OFDM symbol. The cumulative sum of the CPs of all level signals is equal to N CP *=N OFDM_symbol .

[0172] In another exemplary embodiment, the high-level signal has a CP and the low-level signal does not have a CP. Alternatively, the low-level signal has a CP and the high-level signal does not have a CP. Alternatively, one or more level signals at the starting position of the time slot have a CP and the level signal at the end position of the time slot does not have a CP. Alternatively, one or more level signals at the starting position of the time slot do not have a CP and the level signal at the end position of the time slot has a CP. Alternatively, the CP of the level signal is inserted at intervals in the level signal of the time slot. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 19, the long level signal has a CP and the short level signal does not have a CP.

[0173] In some embodiments, among the S level signals sent on a period of time domain resources, none of the S level signals has a cyclic prefix.

[0174] The time domain resource is one time slot, and the OFDM symbol in the time slot is an OFDM symbol with a cyclic prefix or an OFDM symbol without a cyclic prefix.

[0175] When each OFDM symbol in a time slot does not have a CP, S=M*N OFDM_symbol , or, S=M*(N OFDM_symbol -1), or S=M*(N OFDM_symbol +1).

[0176] For example, when S=M*N OFDM_symbol In the case of , every M level signal in the time slot is transformed by IFFT to obtain N OFDM_symbol OFDM symbols without CP. OFDM_symbol The first CP-free OFDM symbol among the CP-free OFDM symbols is copied to the end position of the time slot as the terminator. OFDM_symbol A preamble sequence is added before the first CP-free OFDM symbol among the CP-free OFDM symbols. Alternatively, N OFDM_symbol The Nth OFDM symbol without CP OFDM_symbolThe preamble sequence occupies the duration of one CP-free OFDM symbol and includes at least one of the following: a synchronization sequence, a timing sequence, a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, an all-ones sequence, an all-zeros sequence, and a start character.

[0177] In another example, when S=M*(N OFDM_symbol -1), perform IFFT transformation on every M levels in the time slot to obtain N OFDM_symbol -1 OFDM symbol without CP. OFDM_symbol -1 CP-free OFDM symbols before the first CP-free OFDM symbol. Alternatively, you can add a start symbol before N OFDM_symbol -Nth in 1 CP-free OFDM symbol OFDM_symbol -1 OFDM symbol without CP. Alternatively, a terminator can be added after N OFDM_symbol A preamble sequence is added before the first CP-free OFDM symbol in the N-1 CP-free OFDM symbol. OFDM_symbol -Nth in 1 CP-free OFDM symbol OFDM_symbol A preamble sequence is added after -1 OFDM symbol without CP. The preamble sequence occupies the time length of an OFDM symbol without CP. The preamble sequence includes at least one of the following: synchronization sequence, timing sequence, PN sequence, all-1 sequence, all-0 sequence, start symbol. For example, as shown in Figure 20, in the Nth OFDM_symbol - A CP-free OFDM symbol is preceded and followed by M-level start symbols and M-level end symbols. The end symbol can be a repetition of the start symbol.

[0178] In another example, when S=M*(N OFDM_symbol +1), perform IFFT transformation on each M level in the time slot to obtain N OFDM_symbol +1 OFDM symbol without CP.

[0179] It should be noted that one time slot includes 15 OFDM symbols without CP, or the number of OFDM symbols in a time slot including only OFDM symbols without CP is one more than the number of OFDM symbols in a time slot including only symbols with CP.

[0180] In some embodiments, the number of level signals sent on a period of time domain resources is S=M*N OFDM_symbol , and none of the S level signals has a cyclic prefix.

[0181] Among them, the time slot resource is one time slot. N OFDM_symbolis the number of OFDM symbols used to transmit level signals in a time slot.

[0182] For example, a time slot length L = (Ncp + nFFT) * N OFDM_symbol For example, for the level signal after IFFT transformation in each OFDM symbol, the number of sampling points occupied by each level is calculated according to at least one of the following methods:

[0183] (1) The number of long-level signals in a time slot is m, the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals is n1, and the number of sampling points occupied by long-level signals is n1 + 1. Alternatively, the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals in a time slot is n1 = floor(L / m), and the number of long-level signals is m = mod(L, n1).

[0184] (2) The number of long level signals in a time slot is m = mod(L, S), and the number of short level signals is Sm. The number of sampling points occupied by the long level signal is 2^ceil[log2(ceil(L / (N OFDM_symbol *M)))], the number of sampling points occupied by the short-level signal is 2^floor[log2(floor(L / (N OFDM_symbol *M)))].

[0185] Among them, in the above two methods, the cumulative sum of the number of sampling points of all level signals is equal to or approximately equal to (Ncp+nFFT)*N OFDM_symbol .

[0186] In some embodiments, the number of sampling points occupied by the level signal is related to T C The product of is the length of the level signal.

[0187] For example, a time slot contains 14 OFDM symbols, which carry 14*M level signals. After performing an IFFT transform on each OFDM symbol, each level signal is extended or truncated from front to back according to the number and length of long level signals and the number and length of short level signals, ultimately resulting in the level signals carried by the time domain resources shown in Figure 21.

[0188] In another exemplary embodiment, the starting position within an OFDM symbol or a time slot carries a specific even number of level signals. The specific even number of level signals includes any combination of high-level signals that account for 1 / 2 of the total number of level signals and low-level signals that account for 1 / 2 of the total number of level signals. Alternatively, the first OFDM symbol within a time slot carries a specific even number of levels.

[0189] In this way, the second node can be assisted in obtaining the decision threshold of the level signal, thereby improving the detection performance.

[0190] In some embodiments, S level signals are sent over a period of time domain resources.

[0191] The time domain resource can be an OFDM symbol or a time slot. The number of IFFT points for each level signal is called nFFT. The sum of the nFFT points for the S levels is equal to or close to the total number of sampling points in an OFDM symbol or a time slot, or the total number of nFFT points in the OFDM symbol used to transmit the level signal.

[0192] It should be noted that each level signal is treated as a separate level signal, and each level signal in an OFDM symbol or a time slot occupies the same working bandwidth at different times.

[0193] As a possible implementation manner, the length of each level signal in the S level signals is determined according to at least one of the following: the OFDM symbol length or time slot length in 5G NR, the number S of level signals transmitted in one OFDM symbol or time slot, the working bandwidth of the level signal, and the total number of REs available in the frequency domain.

[0194] In some embodiments, the length of an OFDM symbol or a time slot is defined as L. For the level signal after IFFT transformation in each OFDM symbol, the number of sampling points occupied by each level is determined by at least one of the following:

[0195] (1) The number of long-level signals in a time slot is m, and the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals is n1. The number of sampling points occupied by long-level signals is n1 + 1. Alternatively, the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals in a time slot is n1 = floor(L / m), and the number of long-level signals is m = mod(L, n1).

[0196] (2) The number of long-level signals in a time slot is m = mod(L, S), and the number of short-level signals is sm. The number of sampling points occupied by long-level signals is 2^ceil[log2(ceil(L / S))], and the number of sampling points occupied by short-level signals is 2^floor[log2(floor(L / S))].

[0197] For example, as shown in FIG22 , a time slot carries S level signals, and the time slot length is L. The number of long-level signals is m = mod(L, S), and the length of the long-level signal is 2^ceil[log2(ceil(L / S))]. The number of short-level signals is Sm, and the length of the short-level signal is 2^floor[log2(floor(L / S))].

[0198] It should be noted that, in order to ensure that the REs available for transmission can be fully divided by the carried level signals, the candidate set of the number of carryable level signals may also be determined according to the number of available REs within the transmission bandwidth.

[0199] In some embodiments, the number of frequency-domain REs corresponding to the S level signals is determined according to at least one of the following: RE number configuration, bandwidth configuration, RE position configuration in the bandwidth, and level number configuration.

[0200] The RE number configuration determines the number of REs occupied by a level signal. The level number configuration determines the number of levels carried in a time slot or OFDM symbol. The bandwidth configuration specifies a transmission band with a bandwidth less than or equal to 5 MHz.

[0201] Exemplarily, in the same bandwidth, each level signal occupies an independent sub-bandwidth, wherein the guard band between adjacent level signals is at least one RE.

[0202] As another example, within the same bandwidth, each level signal occupies a continuous range of REs, and the bandwidth's guard band is at least one RE. The transmission bandwidth used to transmit the level signal is 5 MHz, and the SCS is 15 kHz, meaning the total number of RBs within the bandwidth is 25. If the number of REs used to transmit a level signal is greater than or equal to 2, or if the duration of a level is greater than or equal to 4 µs, then, excluding the guard band, the number of frequency-domain REs corresponding to the level signal is at least 276, or 23 RBs. Furthermore, based on the principle that the number of REs is divisible by the number of level signals, as shown in Figure 23, it is determined that an OFDM symbol can carry four level signals, each occupying 69 or 64 REs. Alternatively, an OFDM symbol can carry five level signals, each occupying 55 or 48 REs. Alternatively, an OFDM symbol can carry six level signals, each occupying 46, 40, or 36 REs. Alternatively, one OFDM symbol can carry 8-level signals, each of which occupies 34 REs or 32 REs. Alternatively, one OFDM symbol can carry 16-level signals, each of which occupies 17 REs or 16 REs.

[0203] In another exemplary embodiment, the number of levels carried in a time slot or OFDM symbol may be determined according to a level number configuration, wherein the level number configuration includes at least one of the following: bandwidth configuration and the total number of REs.

[0204] When multiple level signals are configured within an OFDM symbol and each level signal undergoes a separate IFFT transform, a subchannel design scheme is required to ensure that the IFFT transform of each level signal complies with the Nyquist sampling theorem. A subchannel can also be described as bandwidth.

[0205] In some embodiments, the frequency band corresponding to the S level signals includes f sub-channels, each sub-channel corresponds to f1 resource blocks RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each sub-channel is f1*f2-f3 REs, where f2 is the number of REs included in a resource block, f3 is the number of reserved REs, and f, f1, f2, and f3 are positive integers.

[0206] As a possible implementation, S is equal to M, S is the number of information bits, or S is greater than or equal to the number of encoded information bits.

[0207] For example, in at least one subchannel included in the existing 5G NR bandwidth, each subchannel includes 1-5 RBs. The number of effective REs in each RB is 12 or 10. For example, the number of level signals carried in an OFDM symbol or a timeslot is a*b, where a is any of the following: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Alternatively, a is a divisor of the number of effective REs in each RB. b is a positive integer less than or equal to 300.

[0208] In another exemplary embodiment, in the subchannels corresponding to the frequency band corresponding to the S level signals, each subchannel includes 1-5 RBs. The number of effective REs in each RB is 12 or 10. For example, the number of level signals carried in an OFDM symbol or a timeslot is a*b, where a is any of the following: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Alternatively, a is a divisor of the number of effective REs in each RB. b is a positive integer less than or equal to 300.

[0209] Here, the subchannel and the transmission bandwidth have at least one of the following correspondences: each subchannel includes 1 RB, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 10 REs, here, each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 2 REs; or,

[0210] Each subchannel includes 3 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 32 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs and the number of reserved REs is 4 REs; or,

[0211] Each subchannel includes 4 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 48 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or,

[0212] Each subchannel includes 5 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 60 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or,

[0213] Each subchannel includes 6 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 64 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 8 REs.

[0214] When multiple level signals are configured in an average OFDM symbol and IFFT transformation is performed on the multiple level signals as a whole, in order to ensure that the time domain length of each level signal can be detected by the second node, a flexible bandwidth design is introduced below.

[0215] Exemplarily, each level signal is predefined or preconfigured to occupy a specific number of REs, and the corresponding frequency domain RE number is determined based on the level number configuration. The specific number of REs can be a*b. a is any of the following: the number of REs occupied by each level, one of the positive integers less than or equal to 16. b is any of the following: the number of level signals carried in the same frequency band, an integer or an even number, a multiple of 2, 3, or 5. For example, it is predefined that each level occupies 2 REs. When 6 levels are configured in an OFDM symbol, the number of REs used to transmit the level signal is 12. When 12 levels are configured in an OFDM symbol, the number of REs used to transmit the level signal is 24. As shown in a in Figure 24, each level signal occupies 16 REs, and the bandwidth configured to transmit the level signal is 23RB, that is, 276 REs. Therefore, the number of level signals that can be transmitted in this frequency band is floor(276 / 16)=17 levels. As shown in b in Figure 24, the number of transmission level signals within the transmission band is a multiple of 2, 3, or 5. Therefore, a maximum of 16 levels can be transmitted within the transmission band, and each level occupies 16 REs, i.e., a=16, b=16.

[0216] As another example, among the S level signals sent on a period of time domain resources, there is at least one of the following corresponding relationships between the S level signals and the number of REs corresponding to each of the S level signals:

[0217] S is 2, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 3 or 4 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 10 or 11 or 12; or

[0218] S is 4, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or

[0219] S is 8, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or

[0220] S is 16, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16.

[0221] In some embodiments, the transmission frequency band carries M level signals, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to S; wherein each of the M level signals occupies a sub-band in the transmission frequency band, and different level signals occupy different sub-bands.

[0222] As a possible implementation, as shown in Figure 25 , a guard band exists between two adjacent sub-bands. For example, the size of the guard band is less than or equal to 12.5% ​​of the sub-band size and greater than or equal to 4% of the sub-band size. Alternatively, the size of the guard band is less than or equal to 12.5% ​​of the sub-band size and greater than or equal to 4% of the sub-band size. Alternatively, the size of the guard band is less than or equal to 50% of the sub-band size occupied by a single level and greater than or equal to 4% of the sub-band size.

[0223] As another possible implementation, as shown in FIG26 , the transmission band includes two guard bands, which are located at the start and end of the transmission band respectively.

[0224] Exemplarily, the size of the guard band is less than or equal to 20% of the transmission band and greater than or equal to 4% of the transmission band. Alternatively, the size of the guard band is greater than or equal to 1 RB or 12 REs.

[0225] It should be noted that the guard band of the level signal is applicable to the case where each level signal is independently subjected to DFT transformation and / or IFFT transformation.

[0226] Exemplarily, the transmission band is located at the center of the bandwidth or at the center of the effective RE in the bandwidth. Here, the small bandwidth is a bandwidth less than or equal to 5 MHz. The capabilities of the second node include at least one of the following:

[0227] Supports CP-free OFDM symbol transmission;

[0228] Supports the transmission of long level signals and short level signals;

[0229] Supports small bandwidth transmission level signal;

[0230] Supports level signal transmission.

[0231] It should be noted that the number of sampling points of a level and the length of the level are the same concept.

[0232] In this way, by sending multiple level signals on a period of time domain resources, the difficulty of time domain alignment at the receiving end is reduced. And by combining multiple level signals, the detection accuracy of the level signal at the receiving end can be improved, thereby improving the detection and recognition ability of the receiving end to the time slot or OFDM symbol, so that the receiving end can better align with the 5G time slot or OFDM symbol. Sending multiple level signals on a period of time domain resources can improve the signal-to-interference ratio, thereby improving the signal's anti-interference ability and further improving the reliability of data transmission. And by combining multiple level signals, more complex data encoding can also be achieved. The receiving end can also distinguish between data information of 0 and 1 through the combination of different level signals when receiving.

[0233] In some embodiments, the frequency band corresponding to the S levels includes f sub-channels, each sub-channel corresponds to f1 resource blocks RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each sub-channel is f1*f2-f3 REs, where f2 is the number of REs included in a resource block, and f3 is the number of reserved REs. Here, f, f1, f2, and f3 are positive integers.

[0234] For example, taking f2 REs included in an RB as an example, the correspondence between subchannels and bandwidth in a frequency band is enumerated, and the example description is as follows:

[0235] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 24 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 1 RB, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs or 10 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 4 REs or 2 REs respectively;

[0236] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 12 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 2 RBs, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 12 REs, 16 REs, 18 REs, 20 REs, or 22 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 12 REs, 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs respectively;

[0237] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 8 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 3 RBs, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 24 REs, 30 REs, 32 REs, or 34 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs respectively;

[0238] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 6 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 4 RBs, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 40 REs, 42 REs, 44 REs, or 46 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs respectively;

[0239] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 5 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 5 RBs, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 52 REs, 54 REs, 56 REs, or 58 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs, respectively;

[0240] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 4 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 6 RBs, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 64 REs, 66 REs, 68 REs, or 70 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs respectively;

[0241] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 3 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 7 RBs, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 76 REs, 78 REs, 80 REs, or 82 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs respectively;

[0242] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 3 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 8 RBs, the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 88 REs, 90 REs, 92 REs, or 94 REs, and the number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs respectively;

[0243] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 2 subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to 12 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 136 REs, 138 REs, 140 REs, or 142 REs. The number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 8 REs, 6 REs, 4 REs, or 2 REs, respectively.

[0244] A frequency band includes less than or equal to 1 subchannel, each subchannel corresponds to 25 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 288 REs or 290 REs or 292 REs or 294 REs or 296 REs or 298 REs. The number of reserved REs corresponding to each subchannel is 12 REs or 10 REs or 8 REs or 6 REs or 4 REs or 2 REs respectively.

[0245] In some embodiments, the number of levels carried by a subchannel is S, and the number of REs occupied by each level signal is determined based on the number of levels S and the transmission bandwidth of the subchannel. In this embodiment, signals can be transmitted on multiple subbands, enabling multiple subband transmissions to be combined into a broadband transmission to achieve frequency domain diversity and frequency domain repetition or frequency selective gain, thereby improving transmission reliability.

[0246] For example, when S=4, the subchannel corresponds to 1 to 8 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth of the subchannel is 1 to 25 RBs, the number of REs occupied by each level can be at least one of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 34, 35, 72, 73, and 74 REs. Similarly, when S=5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16, the number of REs occupied by each level in the corresponding subchannel transmission bandwidth can be obtained.

[0247] In some embodiments, a frequency band includes one or more sub-bands, which are allocated to one or more passive IoT devices using sub-bands as frequency domain units. Alternatively, a passive IoT device occupies one or more sub-band frequency domain resources. The multiple sub-band frequency domain resources may be contiguous or non-contiguous. The time domain resources occupied by each user device may be contiguous or non-contiguous.

[0248] Exemplarily, the level signals of the one or more passive IoT devices are transmitted in the same OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the level signals of the one or more passive IoT devices are transmitted at different times in the same OFDM symbol.

[0249] Exemplarily, a level signal of the one or more passive IoT devices is repeatedly transmitted on one or more sub-bands, wherein the one or more sub-band frequency domain resources are non-contiguous.

[0250] Exemplarily, a level signal of the one or more passive IoT devices is transmitted in frequency hopping on different sub-bands of a frequency band, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0251] Table 3

[0252] The above solution is also applied to the transmission process of passive IoT devices sending signals to base stations, intermediate nodes, or auxiliary connections to achieve timing alignment of uplink signals and 5G NR OFDM symbols, as well as multi-subband frequency domain resource scheduling and transmission solutions for uplink signals, thereby improving communication coverage.

[0253] There are two types of uplink signal transmission methods for passive IoT devices: 1) backscatter transmission method; 2) autonomous transmission method. Figure 27 shows a flow chart of an uplink signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 27, the uplink signal transmission method is applied to the second node 20 in Figure 7 and includes at least one of S201 and S202:

[0254] S201: Perform a first operation on a first sequence based on a specific sequence to generate a second sequence.

[0255] S202: Perform a second operation on the first sequence to generate a time domain signal, and send the time domain signal.

[0256] Alternatively, FIG28 shows a flow chart of another uplink signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG28 , the uplink signal transmission method is applied to the second node 20 in FIG7 , and at least includes the following S301:

[0257] S301. Perform a first operation on a first sequence based on a specific sequence to generate a second sequence, generate a time domain signal from the second sequence through at least one of RE mapping, DFT operation, IFFT operation, upsampling, or single carrier modulation, and send the time domain signal.

[0258] Alternatively, Figure 29 shows a flow chart of another uplink signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 29, the uplink signal transmission method is applied to the second node 20 in Figure 7, and includes the following steps:

[0259] S401: Perform a second operation on the first sequence to generate a time domain signal, and send the time domain signal.

[0260] Exemplarily, when transmitting a signal, the second node may employ the backscatter transmission method shown in FIG30 . After obtaining the first sequence, the second node selects a specific sequence and performs a first operation to obtain a second sequence. The specific sequence includes at least one of a Barker code, a Gray code, a Wash code, an m-sequence, and a Manchester codeword. The first operation includes performing at least one of spreading, encoding, modulation, encoding followed by spreading, encoding followed by spreading and then modulation, or encoding, modulation, and then spreading on the first sequence. The encoding method includes at least one of Miller code, FMO, TBCC, and polar code.

[0261] In some embodiments, the spreading operation includes operations such as bit repetition and dot multiplication. The spread sequence or the frequency domain signal after DFT transformation of the spread sequence is then mapped to the corresponding frequency domain resource RE. Finally, the time domain signal is generated through IFFT transformation and transmitted. For example, if the bit sequence is '11', a 5-bit sequence [-1 -1 -1 1 -1] is selected, and each bit is repeated for 5 bits to obtain a repeated sequence of '11111 11111'. The dot multiplication of the sequence after each bit repetition and the 5-bit sequence yields '-1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1', i.e., the spread sequence, or two chips. The 10-bit spread sequence is mapped to 10 REs of the frequency domain resource, and transformed to obtain a time domain signal.

[0262] In some embodiments, the spreading operation includes operations such as bit repetition and dot multiplication, and then the spread spectrum sequence is upsampled and / or single-carrier modulated to generate a time domain signal, and the time domain signal is transmitted. For example, if the bit sequence is '11', a 5-long sequence [-1 -1 -1 1 -1] is selected, and each bit is expanded by the 5-long sequence to obtain '-1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1', that is, the spread spectrum sequence, or two code chips, and then the spread spectrum sequence is upsampled and / or single-carrier modulated to generate a time domain signal, and the time domain signal is transmitted. For example, if the bit sequence is '10', a 5-long sequence [-1 -1 -1 1 -1] is selected, and each bit is expanded by the 5-long sequence to obtain '-1 -1 -1 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0', that is, the spread spectrum sequence, or two code chips, and then the spread spectrum sequence is upsampled and / or single-carrier modulated to generate a time domain signal, and the time domain signal is transmitted.

[0263] In another exemplary embodiment, the autonomous transmission mode includes at least one of the following transmission modes: 1) uplink transmission carried by an excitation signal, as shown in FIG31; and 2) uplink transmission without an excitation signal, as shown in FIG32. The uplink transmission mode without an excitation signal includes an uplink signal transmission process that supports Fourier transform / DFT / IFFT operations and / or an uplink signal transmission process that does not support Fourier transform / DFT / IFFT operations and / or an uplink signal transmission process that supports single carrier / singleton / amplitude modulation operations.

[0264] In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 31, when an uplink transmission is carried by an excitation signal, the second node performs a second operation on the first sequence and the excitation signal to generate a time domain signal. Finally, the second node transmits the time domain signal according to a predefined timing sequence. The second operation includes performing at least one of merging, XORing, modulo-2 addition, scrambling, multiplication, and superposition on the signal sample by sample point or bit by bit. The predefined timing sequence includes an uplink timing sequence applicable to passive IoT communications or an uplink timing sequence in 5G NR.

[0265] As another example, as shown in FIG32, when no excitation signal is carried in uplink transmission, the process includes encoding, modulating, and spreading the information bits to obtain a spread spectrum sequence, upsampling the spread spectrum sequence to obtain a time domain signal, and finally sending the time domain signal according to a predefined timing. For example, the signal generation formula is A(t)*cos(2πf c t) or A(t)*e^(2πf c t), where A(t) is the amplitude sequence after upsampling or repeated expansion of the information bits or the coded bit sequence or the modulated bit sequence.

[0266] In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG32 , when no excitation signal is carried for uplink transmission, the second node performs a second operation on the first sequence to generate a time domain signal, wherein the second operation includes at least one of upsampling, carrier modulation, and IFFT transformation.

[0267] In another exemplary embodiment, the signal generation formula corresponding to the long sampling or carrier modulation is A(t)*cos(2πf c t) or A(t)*e 2πΔft , where A(t) is the first sequence or the second sequence after upsampling, or is at least one of the first sequence or the second sequence. The second sequence includes the amplitude sequence after repeated expansion of the information bit or the coded bit sequence or the modulated bit sequence. Wherein, f c is the carrier, where Δf is the frequency of the sub-band actually occupied by the signal.

[0268] In another exemplary embodiment, the first node 10 and / or the second node 20 may send a plurality of the signal generating formulas A(t)*cos(2πf c t) or A(t)*e 2πΔft The generated signal.

[0269] In another example, the signal generated by IFFT transformation is expressed as follows:

[0270] Where l is the uplink symbol index or sequence number within a fixed period / time. If there are N uplink symbols within a fixed period / time, then l∈{0,1,...,N-1}; p is the antenna port, or it may not exist (i.e., uplink signal generation is independent of the antenna port parameters) or it may be a fixed value; μ is the order of magnitude, which is associated with the SCS. is the starting time of the lth uplink symbol, is the length of the lth uplink symbol, is the end time of the lth uplink symbol.

[0271] In some embodiments,

[0272] in, is the frequency domain resource or total number of subcarriers occupied by the uplink signal; k is the subcarrier index; Δf is the subcarrier spacing, which is related to μ; When the value is of the order of μ, the first sequence or information bit or signal amplitude or coded bit or second sequence or modulated bit or spread spectrum bit carried by the kth subcarrier and the lth symbol position; k' is the actual mapped subcarrier position of the signal in the allocated frequency band.

[0273] In another exemplary embodiment, the spreading sequence length is at least one of 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 23. The spreading sequence is selected from one or more sequence sets. For example, a 3-long spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, a 4-long spreading sequence set includes at least 8 sequences. For another example, a 5-long spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, a 7-long spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, an 11-long spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, a 13-long spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, a 14-long spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, a 15-long spreading sequence set includes at least 8 sequences. For another example, a 16-long spreading sequence set includes at least 12 sequences. For another example, a 17-long spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 18 includes at least 8 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 19 includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 20 includes at least 40 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 21 includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 22 includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 23 includes at least 12 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 24 includes at least 8 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 25 includes at least 4 sequences. For another example, long spreading sequence set 26 includes at least 12 sequences.

[0274] Exemplarily, the spread spectrum sequence can be used for frequency domain mapping to expand the frequency domain resources occupied by the level signal or level symbol or information bit; it can also support uplink multi-user multiplexing, and the receiving side utilizes the orthogonality between different spread spectrum sequences selected for different user information to achieve the reception of data from multiple users on the same time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources by executing detection algorithms such as serial interference cancellation.

[0275] Exemplarily, the spread spectrum sequence is selected from at least one or more sequences. The sequence includes at least one of the sequences shown in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6. The '1' and '-1' in the sequences shown in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 represent numbers with different characteristics. '1' is used to represent any one of -1, 0, 1, a positive number or a negative number. '-1' is used to represent any one of -1, 0, 1, a positive number or a negative number. For example, '1' represents a positive number and '-1' represents a negative number. For example, '1' represents a positive number and '-1' represents 0. For example, '1' represents '-1' represents 0. For example, '1' represents '-1' represents Among them, the ratio of sequence peak power to total leakage power in Table 4 is large, which means that the sequence transmission characteristics are good.

[0276] Table 4 Examples of spreading sequences with various sequence lengths

[0277] In some embodiments, the spreading sequence length is at least one of 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13. The spreading sequence includes at least one of the sequences shown in Table 5. The spreading sequence is selected from one or more sequence sets. For example, a 3-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 5-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 7-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 11-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 13-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. The total sidelobe power of the sequences shown in Table 5 is low, indicating good sequence correlation characteristics.

[0278] Table 5 Examples of spreading sequences with various sequence lengths

[0279] In some embodiments, the spreading sequence length is at least one of 7 and 11. The spreading sequence includes at least one of the sequences shown in Table 6. The spreading sequence is selected from one or more sequence sets. For example, a 3-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 5-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 7-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 11-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. Another example is a 13-length spreading sequence set includes at least 4 sequences. The total sidelobe power of the sequences shown in Table 6 is low, indicating good sequence correlation characteristics.

[0280] Table 6 Examples of spreading sequences with various sequence lengths

[0281] In some embodiments, a bit sequence is first repeated to a length of L, for example, X bits of information are repeated to generate X*L length information, and then at least one of encoding, modulation, or spread spectrum operation is performed on the repeated information. The encoding method includes at least one of Manchester encoding, Miller encoding, FM0 encoding, and Manchester encoding followed by FM0 encoding.

[0282] In some embodiments, before the time domain signal is generated, spectrum shifting is performed on at least one of the coded sequence, the spread spectrum sequence, the modulated sequence, and the sequence after the second operation. The spectrum shifting is to multiply the signal by or add the signal modulo 2 to a predefined sequence. The predefined sequence has a specific spectrum. In this embodiment, by performing spectrum shifting on the signal sequence, the spectrum of the uplink signal sent by the passive Internet of Things can be kept at a certain frequency domain interval with the excitation signal, thereby avoiding self-interference between the downlink excitation signal sent by the base station and the uplink signal sent by the passive Internet of Things device within the same frequency band.

[0283] In some embodiments, the passive IoT device has the ability to perform Fourier transform or OFDM modulation. As shown in Figure 32, before generating the time domain signal, at least one of the coded sequence, the spread spectrum sequence, the modulated sequence, and the sequence after the second operation is subjected to an IFFT transform to generate the time domain signal. Alternatively, the time domain signal is aligned with the OFDM symbol, time slot, or frame structure of 4G LTE / 5G NR using the timing alignment scheme for the level signal in the above-mentioned embodiment. Alternatively, the passive IoT device generates the time domain signal based on the uplink OFDM symbol generation method or DFT-s-OFDM waveform generation method of 5G NR.

[0284] Exemplarily, the passive IoT device obtains a time advance (TA) and / or a time gap to determine the uplink transmission timing of the passive IoT device, and sends an uplink signal according to the two time quantities.

[0285] In some embodiments, the uplink signal is aligned with the timing of the OFDM symbol. As shown in Figure 33, it is a structural diagram of the uplink backscatter signal transmitted on the downlink spectrum. Among them, the uplink signal is aligned with the timing of the downlink OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, the uplink signal is aligned with the uplink timing of the base station or 5G terminal device. As shown in Figure 34, it is a structural diagram of the uplink backscatter signal and the excitation signal transmitted on different spectrums; as shown in Figure 35, it is a structural diagram of the uplink backscatter signal and the excitation signal transmitted on the same spectrum. Among them, the uplink signal is aligned with the timing of the uplink OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, the excitation signal is at least one of a carrier-wave signal, a downlink control signal, or a charging signal. The bandwidth of the CW signal is at least one of the data transmission bandwidth or the positioning signal transmission bandwidth. Among them, the data transmission bandwidth is located in the uplink spectrum, and the positioning signal transmission bandwidth is located in the uplink spectrum; or the positioning signal transmission bandwidth is part of the frequency domain resources in the data transmission bandwidth; or the positioning signal transmission bandwidth and the data transmission bandwidth are located in different spectrums; or the data transmission bandwidth is located in the uplink spectrum, and the positioning signal transmission bandwidth is located in the uplink spectrum; or the data transmission bandwidth is located in the uplink spectrum, and the positioning signal transmission bandwidth is located in the downlink spectrum.

[0286] Exemplarily, the data transmission bandwidth is not less than the positioning signal transmission bandwidth, or the data transmission bandwidth and the positioning signal transmission bandwidth partially overlap in frequency band.

[0287] In another exemplary embodiment, the time domain symbol length of the signal used for positioning or the time domain symbol length of the backscatter signal used for positioning is greater than the time domain symbol length of the signal used for transmitting data or the time domain symbol length of the backscatter signal used for transmitting data.

[0288] In another exemplary embodiment, the time domain symbol length of the backscatter signal used for positioning is one OFDM symbol length in a configuration of order μ=0 or 1 (corresponding to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz or 30 kHz), and the backscatter time domain symbol used for data transmission is at least one of one-Xth of one OFDM symbol length, one-Xth of 6.25 us, one-Xth of 12.5 us, one-Xth of 25 us, or one-Xth of 31.25 us, etc., where X is a positive integer or a number that can be divided into one OFDM symbol length or at least one of the symbol lengths of 6.25 us, 12.5 us, 25 us, or 31.25 us.

[0289] FIG36 shows a flow chart of a signal receiving method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG36 , the signal sending method is applied to the second node 20 in FIG7 , and includes the following steps:

[0290] S501: Receive S level signals on a period of time domain resources.

[0291] Here, the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol or time slot, and S is a positive integer.

[0292] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the S level signals have a cyclic prefix.

[0293] Here, among the S level signals, the first type level signal has a cyclic prefix, and the second type level signal does not have a cyclic prefix; wherein, the level value corresponding to the first type level signal is different from the level value corresponding to the second type level signal; or, the time domain length of the first type level signal is different from the time domain length of the second type level signal; or, the time domain position of the first type level signal within the OFDM symbol is different from the time domain position of the second type level signal within the OFDM symbol.

[0294] In some embodiments, none of the S-level signals has a cyclic prefix.

[0295] In some embodiments, the OFDM symbol is an OFDM symbol with a cyclic prefix or an OFDM symbol without a cyclic prefix.

[0296] In some embodiments, the time domain length of each level signal in the S level signals is determined according to the time domain length of an OFDM symbol or the time domain length of a time slot.

[0297] In some embodiments, an OFDM symbol carries M level signals, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to S.

[0298] Here, for different OFDM symbols, M supports different values.

[0299] In some embodiments, the number M of level signals carried by the OFDM symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: data information, codeword, modulation mode, and size of a transmission frequency band.

[0300] In some embodiments, the OFDM symbol also carries a cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol, and the sum of the time domain length of the cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol.

[0301] In some embodiments, the first level signal in the M level signals is the same as the last level signal; or, the first level signal in the S level signals is the same as the last level signal; or, in two adjacent OFDM symbols, the last level signal carried by the first OFDM symbol is the same as the last level signal carried by the second OFDM symbol.

[0302] In some embodiments, each of the M level signals does not have a cyclic prefix, the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

[0303] In some embodiments, each level signal of the M level signals has a cyclic prefix, and the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

[0304] In some embodiments, in addition to carrying M level signals, the OFDM symbol also carries h level signals, where h is a positive integer.

[0305] In some embodiments, the number of frequency domain REs corresponding to the S level signals is determined based on at least one of the following: RE number configuration, bandwidth configuration, RE position configuration in the bandwidth, and level number configuration; here, the RE number configuration is used to determine the number of REs occupied by a level signal; the level number configuration is used to determine the number of levels carried in a time slot or OFDM symbol.

[0306] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the transmission frequency band configured by the bandwidth configuration is less than or equal to 5 MHz.

[0307] In some embodiments, the frequency band corresponding to the S level signals includes f sub-channels, each sub-channel corresponds to f1 resource blocks RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each sub-channel is f1*f2-f3 REs; here, f2 is the number of REs included in a resource block, t3 is the number of reserved REs, and f, f1, f2, and f3 are positive integers.

[0308] In some embodiments, the subchannel and the propagation bandwidth have at least one of the following correspondences:

[0309] Each subchannel includes 1 RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 10 REs, where each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 2 REs; or, each subchannel includes 3 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 32 REs, where each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 REs; or, each subchannel includes 4 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 48 REs, where each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or, each subchannel includes 5 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 60 REs, where each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or, each subchannel includes 6 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 64 REs, where each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 8 REs.

[0310] In some embodiments, there is at least one of the following correspondences between the S level signals and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal in the S level signals: S is 2, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 3 or 4 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 10 or 11 or 12; or, S is 4, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or S is 8, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or S is 16, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16.

[0311] In some embodiments, S is equal to M, or S is the number of information bits, or S is greater than or equal to the number of encoded information bits.

[0312] In some embodiments, the transmission frequency band carries M level signals, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to S; wherein each of the M level signals occupies a sub-band in the transmission frequency band, and different level signals occupy different sub-bands.

[0313] In some embodiments, there is a guard band between two adjacent sub-bands.

[0314] In some embodiments, the transmission frequency band includes two guard frequency bands, and the two guard frequency bands are respectively located at the beginning and the end of the transmission frequency band.

[0315] It is understandable that, in order to implement the above functions, the communication device includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. It should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that, in conjunction with the algorithmic steps of the various examples described in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0316] The embodiments of the present disclosure can divide the functional modules of the communication device according to the above-mentioned method embodiments. For example, each functional module can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional module. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematic and is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. The following is an example of dividing each functional module corresponding to each function.

[0317] FIG37 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device applied to a first node provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication device 370 can execute the common signal processing method provided by the above method embodiment. As shown in FIG37 , the communication device 370 includes a sending module 3701.

[0318] The sending module 3701 is configured to send S level signals on a time domain resource, where the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol or time slot or predefined duration, and S is a positive integer.

[0319] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the S level signals have a cyclic prefix.

[0320] In some embodiments, the first type of level signal among the S level signals has a cyclic prefix, and the second type of level signal does not have a cyclic prefix; wherein the level value corresponding to the first type of level signal is different from the level value corresponding to the second type of level signal; or, the time domain length of the first type of level signal is different from the time domain length of the second type of level signal; or, the time domain position of the first type of level signal within the OFDM symbol is different from the time domain position of the second type of level signal within the OFDM symbol.

[0321] In some embodiments, none of the S-level signals has a cyclic prefix.

[0322] In some embodiments, the OFDM symbol is an OFDM symbol with a cyclic prefix or an OFDM symbol without a cyclic prefix.

[0323] In some embodiments, the time domain length of each level signal in the S level signals is determined according to the time domain length of an OFDM symbol or the time domain length of a time slot.

[0324] In some embodiments, an OFDM symbol carries M level signals, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to S.

[0325] In some embodiments, M supports different values ​​for different OFDM symbols.

[0326] In some embodiments, the number M of level signals carried by the OFDM symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: data information, codeword, modulation mode, and size of a transmission frequency band.

[0327] In some embodiments, the OFDM symbol also carries a cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol, and the sum of the time domain length of the cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol.

[0328] In some embodiments, the first level signal in the M level signals is the same as the last level signal; or, the first level signal in the S level signals is the same as the last level signal; or, in two adjacent OFDM symbols, the last level signal carried by the first OFDM symbol is the same as the last level signal carried by the second OFDM symbol.

[0329] In some embodiments, each of the M level signals does not have a cyclic prefix, the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

[0330] In some embodiments, each level signal among the M level signals has a cyclic prefix, and the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

[0331] In some embodiments, in addition to carrying M level signals, the OFDM symbol also carries h level signals, where h is a positive integer.

[0332] In some embodiments, the number of frequency domain REs corresponding to S level signals is determined based on at least one of the following: RE number configuration, bandwidth configuration, RE position configuration in the bandwidth, and level number configuration; wherein, the RE number configuration is used to determine the number of REs occupied by a level signal; the level number configuration is used to determine the number of levels carried in a time slot or OFDM symbol.

[0333] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the transmission frequency band configured by the bandwidth configuration is less than or equal to 5 MHz.

[0334] In some embodiments, the frequency band corresponding to the S level signals includes f sub-channels, each sub-channel corresponds to f1 resource blocks RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each sub-channel is f1*f2-f3 REs; here, f2 is the number of REs included in a resource block, f3 is the number of reserved REs, and f, f1, f2, and f3 are positive integers.

[0335] In some embodiments, there is at least one of the following correspondences between the subchannel and the propagation bandwidth: each subchannel includes 1 RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 10 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs and the number of reserved REs is 2 REs; or, each subchannel includes 3 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 32 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs and the number of reserved REs is 4 REs; or, each subchannel includes 4 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 48 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or, each subchannel includes 5 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 60 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or, each subchannel includes 6 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 64 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs and the number of reserved REs is 8 REs.

[0336] In some embodiments, there is at least one of the following correspondences between the S level signals and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal in the S level signals: S is 2, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 3 or 4 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 10 or 11 or 12; or, S is 4, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or S is 8, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or S is 16, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16.

[0337] In some embodiments, S is equal to M, or S is the number of information bits, or S is greater than or equal to the number of encoded information bits.

[0338] In some embodiments, the transmission frequency band carries M level signals, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to S; wherein each of the M level signals occupies a sub-band in the transmission frequency band, and different level signals occupy different sub-bands.

[0339] In some embodiments, there is a guard band between two adjacent sub-bands.

[0340] In some embodiments, the transmission frequency band includes two guard frequency bands, and the two guard frequency bands are respectively located at the beginning and the end of the transmission frequency band.

[0341] FIG38 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device applied to a second node provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication device 380 can execute the signal receiving method provided by the above method embodiment. As shown in FIG38 , the communication device 380 includes a receiving module 3801.

[0342] The receiving module 3801 is configured to receive S level signals on a time domain resource, where the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol or time slot, and S is a positive integer.

[0343] In some embodiments, the communication device 380 further includes a sending module 3802, which is configured to perform a first operation on a first sequence based on a specific sequence to generate a second sequence; wherein the specific sequence includes at least one of the following: Barker code, Gray code, wash code, m-sequence, and Manchester codeword; the first operation includes at least one of the following: spread spectrum, coding, and modulation; the second operation is performed on the first sequence to generate a time domain signal and transmit the time domain signal; the second operation includes at least one of the following: merging, exclusive-OR, modulo-2 addition, scrambling, multiplication, and superposition.

[0344] In the case of implementing the functions of the above-mentioned integrated modules in hardware, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide another possible structure of the communication device involved in the above-mentioned embodiments. As shown in Figure 39, the communication device 390 includes: a processor 3902 and a bus 3904. Alternatively, the communication device 390 may also include a memory 3901; in some embodiments, the communication device 390 may also include a communication interface 3903.

[0345] Processor 3902 can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 3902 can be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof, and can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 3902 can also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and the like.

[0346] The communication interface 3903 is used to connect to other devices via a communication network, such as Ethernet, wireless access network, or wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0347] The memory 3901 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0348] As a possible implementation, the memory 3901 can exist independently of the processor 3902. The memory 3901 can be connected to the processor 3902 via a bus 3904, and the memory 3901 is used to store instructions or program codes. When the processor 3902 calls and executes the instructions or program codes stored in the memory 3901, the signal transmission method or signal reception method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.

[0349] In another possible implementation, the memory 3901 may also be integrated with the processor 3902 .

[0350] Bus 3904 can be an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 3904 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, FIG39 shows only one thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0351] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium), which stores computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes a signal sending method or a signal receiving method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0352] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes, etc.), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). The various computer-readable storage media described in the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media for storing information. The term "machine-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0353] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product containing instructions. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the signal sending method or signal receiving method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0354] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, comprising: S level signals are sent on a period of time domain resources, where the time domain resources include at least one of the following: at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration; wherein S is a positive integer.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Among the S level signals, N1 level signals have no cyclic prefix and N2 level signals have a cyclic prefix; wherein N1 and N2 are both positive integers, and the sum of N1 and N2 is equal to S.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The level value corresponding to each level signal in the N1 level signals is different from the level value corresponding to each level signal in the N2 level signals; or, the time domain length of each level signal in the N1 level signals is different from the time domain length of each level signal in the N2 level signals; or, the time domain position of each level signal in the N1 level signals within the OFDM symbol is different from the time domain position of each level signal in the N2 level signals within the OFDM symbol.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The S level signals do not have a cyclic prefix.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The OFDM symbol is an OFDM symbol with a cyclic prefix or an OFDM symbol without a cyclic prefix.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The time domain length of each level signal in the S level signals is determined according to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol or the time domain length of the time slot.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The OFDM symbol carries M level signals, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to S.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: For different OFDM symbols in the at least one OFDM symbol, M supports different values.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The number M of level signals carried by the OFDM symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: data information, codeword, modulation mode, and size of transmission frequency band.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The OFDM symbol also carries the cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol, and the sum of the time domain length of the cyclic prefix of the at least one OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein: The first level signal and the last level signal of the M level signals are the same; or, The first level signal and the last level signal of the S level signals are the same; or, In two adjacent OFDM symbols, the last level signal carried by the first OFDM symbol is the same as the last level signal carried by the second OFDM symbol.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein: Each level signal of the M level signals does not have a cyclic prefix, and the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

13. The method according to claim 7, wherein: Each of the M level signals has a cyclic prefix, and the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M level signals is equal to the time domain length of the OFDM symbol, or the sum of the time domain lengths of the M level signals and the time domain lengths of the cyclic prefixes of the M level signals is equal to the sum of the time domain length of the OFDM symbol and the time domain length of the cyclic prefix corresponding to the OFDM symbol.

14. The method according to claim 7, wherein: In addition to carrying the M level signals, the OFDM symbol additionally carries h level signals, where h is a positive integer.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein The number of frequency domain REs corresponding to the S level signals is determined based on at least one of the following: RE number configuration, bandwidth configuration, RE position configuration in the bandwidth, and level number configuration; wherein the RE number configuration is used to determine the number of REs occupied by a level signal; the level number configuration is used to determine the number of levels carried in a time slot or OFDM symbol.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein The bandwidth of the transmission frequency band configured by the bandwidth configuration is less than or equal to 5 MHz.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein The frequency band corresponding to the S level signals includes f sub-channels, each sub-channel corresponds to f1 resource blocks RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each sub-channel is f1*f2-f3 REs; wherein f2 is the number of REs included in a resource block, f3 is the number of reserved REs, and f, f1, f2, and f3 are positive integers.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein There is at least one of the following correspondences between the sub-channel and the transmission bandwidth: Each subchannel includes 1 RB, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 10 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 2 REs; or, Each subchannel includes 3 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 32 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 REs; or, Each subchannel includes 4 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 48 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or, Each subchannel includes 5 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each subchannel is 60 REs, wherein each resource block includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 4 or 6 REs; or, Each of the sub-channels includes 6 RBs, and the transmission bandwidth corresponding to each sub-channel is 64 REs, wherein each of the resource blocks includes 12 REs, and the number of reserved REs is 8 REs.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein There is at least one of the following corresponding relationships between the S level signals and the number of REs corresponding to each of the S level signals: The S is 2, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 3 or 4 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 10 or 11 or 12; or If S is 4, the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or The S is 8, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16; or The S is 16, and the number of REs corresponding to each level signal is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16.

20. The method according to claim 17, wherein The S is equal to M, or the S is the number of information bits, or the S is greater than or equal to the number of encoded information bits.

21. The method according to claim 1, wherein The transmission band carries M level signals, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to S; wherein each level signal of the M level signals occupies a sub-band in the transmission band, and different level signals occupy different sub-bands.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein There is a guard band between two adjacent sub-bands.

23. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The transmission frequency band includes two guard frequency bands, and the two guard frequency bands are respectively located at a starting position and an ending position of the transmission frequency band.

24. The method according to claim 1, wherein Each of the S level signals corresponds to at least one of the following: a level symbol, an amplitude sequence, an all-1 sequence, an all-0 sequence, a high-level sequence, and a low-level sequence.

25. The method according to claim 1, wherein The predefined duration is determined according to at least one of the following: order of magnitude μ, SCS, OFDM symbol length, codeword length, level signal carried by the time domain resource, and number of information bits of the time domain resource.

26. A signal receiving method, wherein: The method comprises: S level signals are received on a time domain resource, where the time domain resource includes at least one OFDM symbol, a time slot, and a predefined duration; wherein S is a positive integer.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein The method further comprises: performing a first operation on a first sequence based on a specific sequence to generate a second sequence; wherein the specific sequence includes at least one of the following: a Barker code, a Gray code, a Wash code, an M sequence, and a Manchester codeword; and the first operation includes at least one of the following: spreading, encoding, and modulation; and / or, A second operation is performed on the first sequence to generate a time domain signal, and the time domain signal is sent; the second operation includes at least one of the following: merging, exclusive OR, modulo 2 addition, scrambling, multiplication, and superposition.

28. A communication device comprising a processor, wherein when the processor executes a computer program, the processor implements the signal sending method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, or implements the signal receiving method according to claim 26 or 27.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein: The computer-readable storage medium includes computer instructions; wherein, when the computer instructions are executed, the signal sending method according to any one of claims 1 to 25 is implemented, or the signal receiving method according to claim 26 or 27 is implemented.

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