Aquatic ecological restoration method and system based on artificial reefs

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration. Disclosed are an aquatic ecological restoration method and system based on artificial reefs. The method comprises: acquiring topographic data; deploying artificial reefs having different structures; performing water quality monitoring to acquire water quality parameters; on the basis of the water quality parameters, adjusting the species composition of fishes and benthic organisms, and monitoring the water flow velocity and the water flow direction around the artificial reefs having different structures; formulating a plurality of restoration strategies; and validating the plurality of restoration strategies to obtain an optimal restoration strategy. The present invention can significantly improve the water quality, and can also enhance the biodiversity, optimize the water flow conditions, precisely identify polluted zones and determine an optimal restoration strategy, thereby achieving significant economic and social benefits. Therefore, the present invention is an efficient and sustainable aquatic ecological conservation measure.

Description

A water ecological restoration method and system based on artificial reefs Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a water ecological restoration method and system based on artificial fish reefs. Background Art

[0002] Artificial reefs are objects intentionally placed underwater to impact aquatic resources. By deploying artificial reefs in specific waters, they can create or restore habitats for aquatic organisms to reproduce, grow, forage, or avoid predators, thereby increasing and conserving fishery resources, providing more habitat for aquatic organisms, and achieving a sustainable fishery model. Furthermore, as underwater structures, artificial reefs also serve to mitigate waves and protect embankments. Theoretically, the deployment of artificial reefs will inevitably create unique aquatic ecosystems distinct from existing natural habitats and reefs, increasing their complexity and spatial heterogeneity, and achieving greater stability.

[0003] Artificial reefs have played an important role in improving the water ecological environment, increasing and conserving fishery resources, etc. Starting from the community construction mechanism, clarifying the response mechanism of aquatic organisms to artificial reefs will help to more effectively utilize artificial reefs to carry out fishery resource conservation work, and then repair damaged water ecosystems. Although artificial reefs have played an important role in improving the water ecological environment, increasing and conserving fishery resources, etc., there are still some problems in practical application, especially in terms of the effect of improving water quality. Existing artificial reef designs and technologies mainly focus on providing habitats for aquatic organisms, but less consideration is given to their ability to improve water quality. Specifically, artificial reefs in existing technologies often have the following deficiencies:

[0004] 1. Limited effect on water quality improvement: The existing artificial reefs have simple structures and are difficult to effectively absorb or degrade harmful substances in the water, resulting in poor water quality improvement effects.

[0005] 2. Insufficient capacity to support biodiversity: Due to suboptimal structure and material selection, existing artificial reefs are unable to provide a suitable living environment for a variety of organisms, limiting the improvement of biodiversity.

[0006] 3. Single ecological function: Most artificial reefs only focus on providing habitats for fish, while ignoring their potential role in improving water quality and promoting nutrient circulation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a water ecological restoration method and system based on artificial reefs to formulate an optimal restoration strategy and improve water quality.

[0008] The present invention provides a water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs, comprising:

[0009] Step S1, obtaining terrain data of the target water area;

[0010] Step S2, deploying artificial reefs of different structures in the target waters;

[0011] Step S3, monitoring the water quality of the target waters where artificial reefs of different structures are deployed to obtain water quality parameters; the water quality parameters include: dissolved oxygen content, pH value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration;

[0012] Step S4, adjusting the species combination of fish and benthic organisms according to water quality parameters, and monitoring the water flow speed and direction around artificial reefs of different structures;

[0013] Step S5: Analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the target water area based on water quality parameters, topographic data, water flow velocity, and water flow direction, identify polluted areas, and formulate various remediation strategies for the polluted areas to achieve water quality improvement.

[0014] Restoration strategies include: layout of artificial reefs, density of artificial reef placement, species mix of fish and benthic organisms, and aquatic plant planting plan;

[0015] Step S6: Verify multiple repair strategies to obtain the optimal repair strategy.

[0016] Furthermore, the identification of the contaminated area specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] Step S51: Based on GIS technology, water quality parameters and terrain data are integrated to create a three-dimensional map of the water area;

[0018] Step S52: Select sampling points from the target water area and obtain water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction at the sampling points. Calculate the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction of the entire target water area based on the interpolation method and the water quality parameters of the sampling points, and obtain a spatial distribution map of the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction in the target water area.

[0019] Step S53: Marking water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction at each coordinate position of the three-dimensional water area map according to the spatial distribution map;

[0020] Step S54, obtaining water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction at each coordinate position from the three-dimensional map of the water area, and calculating the pollution index at each coordinate position;

[0021] Step S55: Identify the polluted area according to the pollution index.

[0022] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the pollution index of each coordinate position is:

[0023] ;

[0024] in, Represents the coordinate position The pollution index, Represents the coordinate position The dissolved oxygen content, Represents the coordinate position pH value, Represents the coordinate position The ammonia nitrogen concentration, Represents the coordinate position The water flow rate, Represents the coordinate position The direction of water flow, 、 、 、 、 Represent the adjustment coefficients respectively.

[0025] Furthermore, the polluted area is identified according to the pollution index, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S551, determining the pollution index average and pollution index standard deviation according to the pollution index at each coordinate position;

[0027] Step S552, determining a pollution threshold value based on the pollution index average value and the pollution index standard deviation;

[0028] Step S553, determining the pollution point according to the pollution threshold and pollution index;

[0029] Step S554: determining a closed area based on the pollution points, wherein the closed area is formed by connecting adjacent pollution points.

[0030] Furthermore, the determination of the pollution point is specifically as follows: if the pollution index of the current coordinate position is greater than a pollution threshold, the current coordinate position is determined as a pollution point.

[0031] Furthermore, multiple repair strategies are verified to obtain the optimal repair strategy, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0032] Step S61, constructing a water quality improvement model;

[0033] Step S62: Input the layout of artificial reefs, the density of artificial reefs, the species combination of fish and benthic organisms, and the aquatic plant planting plan into the water quality improvement model, and output the water quality parameters corresponding to the restoration strategy;

[0034] Step S63: Optimize the repair strategy according to the water quality parameters corresponding to the repair strategy, and determine the optimal repair strategy based on the optimized repair strategy.

[0035] Furthermore, a water quality improvement model is constructed, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0036] Step S611, obtaining initial water quality parameters;

[0037] Step S612, obtaining the pollutant emission rate of the target water area;

[0038] Step S613, obtaining the pollutant degradation rate of the target water area;

[0039] Step S614, obtaining the effective volume of pollutants in the target water area;

[0040] Step S615, obtaining the external input rate of pollutants into the target water area;

[0041] Step S616, constructing a water quality improvement model based on the initial water quality parameters, pollutant emission rate, pollutant degradation rate, pollutant effective volume, and pollutant external input rate; the water quality improvement model is a set of formulas.

[0042] Furthermore, the formula group of the water quality improvement model is:

[0043] ;

[0044] ;

[0045] ;

[0046] Where, represents the water quality parameter at time t, represents the initial water quality parameters, represents the emission rate of the i-th pollutant, represents the degradation rate of the i-th pollutant, represents the effective volume of the i-th pollutant, Representative Water quality parameters at a certain time, is the integral variable at time t, 、 、 、 、 are model parameters, Represents the rate at which the i-th pollutant enters the water body from the external environment.

[0047] Furthermore, the restoration strategy is optimized according to the water quality parameters corresponding to the restoration strategy, and the optimal restoration strategy is determined based on the optimized restoration strategy, which specifically includes the following modules:

[0048] Step S631, calculating the reduction percentage of the water quality parameter corresponding to each restoration strategy;

[0049] Step S632, calculating the mean and standard deviation of the water quality parameter reduction percentage corresponding to each restoration strategy;

[0050] Step S633: The repair strategy corresponding to the water quality parameter with the maximum mean and minimum standard deviation is used as the optimal repair strategy.

[0051] The present invention also provides an artificial reef-based water ecological restoration system for executing the above-mentioned artificial reef-based water ecological restoration method, comprising the following modules:

[0052] Terrain data acquisition module: used to obtain terrain data of the target water area;

[0053] Artificial reef deployment module: used to deploy artificial reefs of different structures in target waters;

[0054] Water quality parameter acquisition module: connected to the artificial reef deployment module, used to monitor the water quality of the target waters where artificial reefs of different structures are deployed and obtain water quality parameters;

[0055] Water flow speed and direction detection module: connected to the artificial reef placement module and the water quality parameter acquisition module, used to adjust the release ratio and quantity of fish and benthic organisms according to water quality parameters; monitor the water flow speed and direction around artificial reefs of different structures;

[0056] Polluted Area Identification and Strategy Development Module: This module is connected to the terrain data acquisition module, water quality parameter acquisition module, and water flow velocity and direction detection module. It is used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the target water area based on water quality parameters, terrain data, water flow velocity, and water flow direction, identify polluted areas, and develop various remediation strategies for polluted areas.

[0057] Optimal remediation strategy acquisition module: connected to the contaminated area identification and strategy formulation module, used to verify multiple remediation strategies and obtain the optimal remediation strategy.

[0058] The embodiments of the present invention have the following technical effects:

[0059] This method deploys artificial reefs of varying structures into target waters and monitors the water quality parameters surrounding them. Based on these parameters, the system adjusts the mix of fish and benthic species, monitors the velocity and direction of water flow around the reefs, and finally, identifies polluted areas based on water quality parameters, topographic data, flow velocity, and direction, determining the optimal remediation strategy for each polluted area. This method significantly improves water quality, enhances biodiversity, optimizes water flow conditions, accurately identifies polluted areas, and determines the optimal remediation strategy. It offers significant economic and social benefits, making it a highly efficient and sustainable aquatic ecological protection measure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0061] FIG1 is a flow chart of a water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] FIG1 is a flow chart of a water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG1 , the method specifically includes:

[0064] Step S1: Acquire terrain data of the target water area.

[0065] High-resolution remote sensing images are captured by satellites or drones to obtain topographic information of the target waters. Geographic Information System (GIS) software is then used to process the remote sensing image data and extract the topographic features of the target waters. Multi-beam sonar equipment is then used to scan the water bottom to obtain high-precision topographic data, including depth, bottom slope, landform characteristics, sediment type, and underwater vegetation distribution. Remote sensing images and sonar data are integrated to generate a complete water area topographic map, from which topographic data can be obtained.

[0066] Step S2: deploying artificial reefs of different structures in the target waters.

[0067] Artificial reefs of varying structures can attract different species of fish and benthic organisms, increasing biodiversity in waters. They also promote water circulation and contribute to improved water quality. They provide habitats for organisms in target waters, enhancing their ecological function. Artificial reefs of varying structures are deployed to address ecological challenges (such as challenges with biological survival and ecological environment) in target waters.

[0068] Specifically, the artificial reefs can be in the shape of columns, nets, or composites. Based on the terrain data, select at least three different areas and deploy artificial reefs of different structures. Record the structure type, quantity, and location of each deployed artificial reef.

[0069] Step S3: monitoring the water quality of the target waters where artificial reefs of different structures are deployed to obtain water quality parameters; the water quality parameters include dissolved oxygen content, pH value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration.

[0070] Water quality monitoring in target waters with different artificial reef structures can help assess their effectiveness in improving water quality. Monitoring water quality parameters can help adjust restoration strategies and implement the most effective one, providing guidance.

[0071] Specifically, the center of each release area is used as a monitoring point, and a monitoring period is set. The monitoring period is preferably one month. Water samples are collected once a month to analyze the dissolved oxygen content, pH value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration, and the specific values ​​of water quality parameters are recorded.

[0072] Dissolved oxygen content: reflects the oxygen content in the target water area and is one of the important indicators for evaluating water quality;

[0073] pH value: reflects the acidity and alkalinity of the target water area and has an important impact on the survival of aquatic organisms;

[0074] Ammonia nitrogen concentration: reflects the ammonia nitrogen content in the target water area. Excessive ammonia nitrogen concentration will affect the water quality.

[0075] By monitoring the numerical changes in the above water quality parameters, the impact of artificial reefs on water quality can be determined. If the water quality does not improve, a restoration strategy needs to be formulated to achieve water ecological restoration.

[0076] Step S4: adjusting the species combination of fish and benthic organisms according to water quality parameters, and monitoring the water flow speed and direction around artificial reefs of different structures.

[0077] Different species of fish and benthic organisms have different requirements for water quality. Adjusting the species mix can help maintain ecosystem balance. Certain species can filter suspended matter and reduce ammonia nitrogen concentrations, contributing to improved water quality. Specifically, sampling surveys and other methods should be used to understand the existing fish and benthic species and their abundance in the target waters. Based on water quality parameters, assess which species are most suitable for the current water conditions. Appropriate fish and benthic species should be selected based on these parameters and ecological needs. Selected species should be gradually introduced and their impact on the ecosystem observed. Regularly monitor changes in fish and benthic populations to assess the effectiveness of the introduction of new species. The speed and direction of water flow affect the distribution of sediments around reefs, thereby affecting the habitats of organisms. Good water flow promotes water circulation and improves water quality. Monitoring water flow speed and direction can help assess the effectiveness of artificial reefs in improving hydrodynamic conditions. If slow water flow in certain areas is found or the flow direction is unfavorable for water exchange, appropriate adjustments can be made to the reef layout, such as increasing or decreasing the number of reefs or adjusting the distance between reefs.

[0078] By adjusting the mix of fish and benthic species, the ecosystem structure can be further optimized, promoting improved water quality. Monitoring the speed and direction of water flow can help optimize the layout of fish reefs, promote water exchange, and further improve water quality.

[0079] This invention significantly enhances biodiversity: By adjusting the mix of fish and benthic species, it can better mimic the diversity of natural ecosystems, promote interactions between different organisms, and enhance the stability and self-regulation of the entire ecosystem. The rich artificial reef structure can provide habitats for more species, increase biodiversity, and ultimately improve the overall health of the ecosystem.

[0080] The present invention optimizes water flow: Monitoring the velocity and direction of water flow around artificial reefs of varying configurations helps optimize the layout of artificial reefs to better suit local water flow conditions. Proper water flow conditions promote material exchange, accelerate the dispersion and degradation of pollutants, and facilitate the recycling of nutrients.

[0081] Step S5: Analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the target water area based on water quality parameters, topographic data, water flow velocity, and water flow direction, and identify polluted areas; formulate multiple remediation strategies for the polluted areas to achieve water quality improvement.

[0082] The restoration strategies include: layout of artificial reefs, density of artificial reef placement, species combination of fish and benthic organisms, and aquatic plant planting plan.

[0083] Identification of contaminated areas includes the following steps:

[0084] In step S51, based on GIS technology, water quality parameters and terrain data are integrated to create a three-dimensional map of the water area.

[0085] On the basis of the water area topographic map, water quality parameter data is superimposed through GIS software and combined with the water area topographic map to construct a three-dimensional map of the water area.

[0086] Step S52: Select sampling points from the target water area and obtain the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction of the sampling points. Calculate the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction of the entire target water area based on the interpolation method and the water quality parameters of the sampling points, and obtain a spatial distribution map of the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction in the target water area.

[0087] The interpolation method can be one of kriging, inverse distance weighted interpolation, and radial basis function interpolation. Multiple sampling points are selected within the target water area to obtain water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and flow direction. Based on the data from the sampling points, kriging, inverse distance weighted interpolation, or radial basis function interpolation is used to calculate the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and flow direction for the entire target water area. The interpolated data is converted into a spatial distribution map.

[0088] Step S53: Mark water quality parameters, water flow speed, and water flow direction at each coordinate position of the three-dimensional map of the water area according to the spatial distribution map.

[0089] Specifically, the interpolated water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction data are imported into GIS software. The corresponding water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction are annotated at each coordinate location on the three-dimensional water area map. This generates a three-dimensional water area map containing the annotated water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction.

[0090] The process of obtaining the water quality parameters of a sampling point and estimating the water quality parameters of the entire target water area by interpolation is a prior art and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0091] Step S54, obtain the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction of each coordinate position from the three-dimensional map of the water area, calculate the pollution index of each coordinate position; mark the pollution index of each coordinate position on the three-dimensional map, and generate a spatial distribution map of the pollution index.

[0092] The calculation formula for the pollution index at each coordinate position is:

[0093] ;

[0094] in, Represents the coordinate position The pollution index, Represents the coordinate position The dissolved oxygen content, Represents the coordinate position pH value, Represents the coordinate position The ammonia nitrogen concentration, Represents the coordinate position The water flow rate, Represents the coordinate position The direction of water flow, 、 、 、 、 Represent the adjustment coefficients respectively.

[0095] The selection of the adjustment coefficient depends on the importance of the water quality parameters, water flow velocity and water flow direction to the water quality. In this embodiment, the adjustment coefficient is preferably determined by weighting.

[0096] Specifically, for most aquatic ecosystems, dissolved oxygen is a very critical factor that directly affects the survival of aquatic organisms. Therefore, this embodiment sets a higher weight for dissolved oxygen. Too high or too low pH values ​​will have an adverse effect on aquatic organisms, but the impact is not as direct as dissolved oxygen. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen can seriously damage aquatic ecosystems, especially fish and other sensitive species. Therefore, ammonia nitrogen concentrations usually also need to be given a higher weight. Water flow velocity will affect the diffusion rate of pollutants, and thus affect water quality, but the direct impact on water quality is relatively small. The direction of water flow mainly affects the migration path of pollutants, and has a smaller direct impact on water quality. In summary, .

[0097] Step S55: Identify the polluted area according to the pollution index.

[0098] Identifying polluted areas based on the pollution index involves the following steps:

[0099] Step S551 : determining the pollution index average value and the pollution index standard deviation according to the pollution index at each coordinate position.

[0100] Step S552: Determine the pollution threshold value according to the pollution index average value and the pollution index standard deviation.

[0101] According to the average pollution index and standard deviation To determine the pollution threshold. In this embodiment, the average value plus a certain multiple of the standard deviation is preferably used as the pollution threshold . Specifically, , k is an empirical value, such as 1 or 2.

[0102] Step S553, determining a pollution point according to the pollution threshold and the pollution index; specifically: if the pollution index of the current coordinate position is greater than the pollution threshold, the current coordinate position is determined as a pollution point.

[0103] Step S554: determining a closed area based on the pollution points, wherein the closed area is formed by connecting adjacent pollution points.

[0104] A neighborhood search algorithm is used to identify which pollution points are adjacent. Specifically, a distance threshold Q can be set. If the distance between two pollution points is less than the distance threshold, they are considered to be adjacent pollution points. Use connecting lines to connect the adjacent pollution points, and the closed area formed is the pollution area.

[0105] The distance threshold is set to a specific value according to actual conditions and is not limited in this embodiment.

[0106] This embodiment can comprehensively analyze and determine the optimal restoration strategy based on monitoring results of water quality parameters, topographic data, water flow velocity and direction, etc., which can not only effectively improve water quality, but also take into account biodiversity and ecosystem stability, thereby achieving sustainable water ecological protection.

[0107] Step S6: Verify multiple repair strategies to obtain the optimal repair strategy.

[0108] Verify multiple repair strategies and obtain the optimal repair strategy, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0109] Step S61: constructing a water quality improvement model.

[0110] The water quality improvement model of this embodiment is based on differential equations or integral equations of the changes in water quality parameters over time, and is intended to simulate the accumulation, degradation and diffusion processes of pollutants in water bodies in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different remediation strategies.

[0111] The model parameters are determined based on existing data and literature, and are calibrated using laboratory experimental data or field monitoring data. The preferred model parameters in this embodiment are: initial water quality parameters, pollutant emission rate, pollutant degradation rate, pollutant effective volume, and pollutant external input rate.

[0112] In step S62, the layout of artificial reefs, the density of artificial reefs, the species combination of fish and benthic organisms, and the aquatic plant planting plan are input into the water quality improvement model, and the water quality parameters corresponding to the restoration strategy are output.

[0113] Design different restoration strategies such as artificial reef layouts, stocking densities, fish and benthic species combinations, and aquatic plant planting plans, input them into the water quality improvement model, simulate the impact of the restoration strategies on water quality, and output the water quality parameters corresponding to the restoration strategies.

[0114] Step S63: Optimize the repair strategy according to the water quality parameters corresponding to the repair strategy, and determine the optimal repair strategy based on the optimized repair strategy.

[0115] Analyze simulation results, evaluate the effectiveness of remediation strategies, compare water quality parameters under different remediation strategies, and determine the optimal remediation strategy.

[0116] The method of this embodiment can be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics and conditions of different water areas and has strong environmental adaptability. Whether it is shallow water or deep water, a suitable repair solution can be found.

[0117] Specifically, constructing a water quality improvement model includes the following steps:

[0118] Step S611, obtaining initial water quality parameters.

[0119] Obtain the starting conditions for the water quality improvement model. Before implementing the remediation strategy, conduct water quality monitoring to obtain water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen content, pH value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration. Record the monitored water quality parameters as the initial water quality parameters.

[0120] Step S612: Obtain the pollutant emission rate of the target water area.

[0121] The purpose of this step is to determine the rate at which pollutants enter the water body. Pollutant emission rates are derived from historical data analysis. Specifically, emission sources near the target water body, including industrial wastewater and agricultural drainage, are investigated. Pollutant emission rates are estimated based on the amount and frequency of discharge from these sources.

[0122] Step S613: Obtain the pollutant degradation rate of the target water area.

[0123] The purpose of this step is to determine the natural degradation rate of pollutants in water. Specifically, the degradation rate of pollutants in water is measured through laboratory experiments.

[0124] Step S614: Obtain the effective volume of pollutants in the target water area.

[0125] The purpose of this step is to determine the effective volume of the water body where the pollutant is located. Specifically, the area of ​​the target water body is measured, the average water depth of the target water body is measured, and the effective volume of the pollutant is calculated based on the water area and average water depth.

[0126] Step S615: Obtain the external input rate of pollutants into the target water area.

[0127] The purpose of this step is to determine the rate at which pollutants enter the water body from the external environment. Specifically, atmospheric deposition samplers are arranged around the target waters, samples of the samplers are collected regularly, the samples are pre-treated by filtering, concentrating, etc., the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sample is analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography, and the rainfall during the sampling period is obtained. According to the ammonia nitrogen concentration and the rainfall, the pollutant input of atmospheric deposition to the target waters can be obtained. Sampling points are arranged at the surface runoff inlet of the target waters, and the sampling period is determined to be once a day during the rainy season. The flow rate of surface runoff is monitored using a flow meter, and samples of the sampling points are collected regularly. The samples are pre-treated by filtering, concentrating, etc. The ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sample is analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the pollutant input of surface runoff to the target waters is obtained according to the flow rate of surface runoff and the ammonia nitrogen concentration. Finally, the pollutant input of surface runoff to the target waters and the pollutant input of atmospheric deposition to the target waters are added together to obtain the external input rate of pollutants to the target waters.

[0128] Step S616, constructing a water quality improvement model based on the initial water quality parameters, pollutant emission rate, pollutant degradation rate, pollutant effective volume, and pollutant external input rate; the water quality improvement model is a set of formulas.

[0129] The equation for the change of water quality parameters with time is: , the integral equation for pollutant input and degradation is The calculation equation for the degradation rate is .

[0130] The formula group of the water quality improvement model is:

[0131] ;

[0132] ;

[0133] ;

[0134] Where, represents the water quality parameter at time t, represents the initial water quality parameters, represents the emission rate of the i-th pollutant, represents the degradation rate of the i-th pollutant, represents the effective volume of the i-th pollutant, Representative Water quality parameters at a certain time, is the integral variable at time t, 、 、 、 、 are model parameters, represents the rate at which the i-th pollutant enters the water body from the external environment. Specifically, represents the strength of the relationship between the degradation rate of the i-th pollutant and environmental factors, represents the strength of the relationship between the degradation rate of the i-th pollutant and the pollutant concentration, represents the basic level of degradation rate of pollutant i, represents the strength of the relationship between the degradation rate of the i-th pollutant and the effective volume of the pollutant, Represents the strength of the relationship between the degradation rate of the i-th pollutant and the pollutant emission rate. 、 、 、 、 The values ​​of are obtained through experiments, preferably, , 、 0.005, 0.001, .

[0135] According to the water quality parameters corresponding to the repair strategy, the repair strategy is optimized, and the optimal repair strategy is determined based on the optimized repair strategy, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0136] Step S631, calculating the reduction percentage of the water quality parameter corresponding to each restoration strategy.

[0137] Step S632: Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the water quality parameter reduction percentage corresponding to each restoration strategy.

[0138] Step S633: The repair strategy corresponding to the water quality parameter with the maximum mean and minimum standard deviation is used as the optimal repair strategy.

[0139] For example, there are the following repair strategies:

[0140] Repair strategy A: mean = 20%, standard deviation = 0;

[0141] Repair strategy B: mean = 15%, standard deviation = 2;

[0142] Repair strategy C: mean = 25%, standard deviation = 1;

[0143] If the same repair strategy has the largest mean and the smallest standard deviation, then the current repair strategy can be selected as the optimal repair strategy.

[0144] If the same repair strategy has the largest mean or the smallest standard deviation, it is necessary to select the optimal repair strategy through a comprehensive evaluation method.

[0145] Specifically, according to the mean value of the percentage reduction of water quality parameters and the standard deviation of the percentage reduction of water quality parameters, weights are set for the mean value of the percentage reduction of water quality parameters and the standard deviation of the percentage reduction of water quality parameters. Finally, a comprehensive scoring function is determined, and the comprehensive scoring function is calculated for each remediation strategy. The remediation strategy corresponding to the maximum value of the comprehensive scoring function is determined as the optimal remediation strategy.

[0146] Furthermore, the goal of investing in artificial fish reefs in this embodiment is to improve water quality in order to solve ecological problems. Therefore, in terms of the weight of the comprehensive scoring function, this embodiment pays more attention to the water quality improvement effect. The weight of the mean percentage of water quality parameter reduction is greater than the weight of the standard deviation of the percentage of water quality parameter reduction. The weight of the mean percentage of water quality parameter reduction is 0.8, and the weight of the standard deviation of the percentage of water quality parameter reduction is 0.2.

[0147] The comprehensive scoring function is:

[0148] ;

[0149] in, represents the comprehensive score of the j-th repair strategy, The weight representing the mean of the percentage reduction of water quality parameters, The weights representing the standard deviations of the percentage reductions in water quality parameters, represents the mean percentage reduction of water quality parameters for the jth restoration strategy, Represents the standard deviation of the percentage reduction of water quality parameters for the jth restoration strategy.

[0150] Through quantitative analysis, we can accurately assess the impact of different remediation strategies on water quality parameters, ensuring that the selected strategy is scientifically sound. By minimizing the standard deviation, we select the optimal remediation strategy, ensuring the strategy's stability in improving water quality and reducing uncertainty caused by fluctuations in water quality parameters.

[0151] This invention significantly improves water quality: by monitoring water quality parameters, timely understanding of water quality conditions allows for targeted adjustments to remediation strategies. Furthermore, the different artificial reef structures provide diverse habitats for aquatic organisms, attracting species with water purification capabilities, such as benthic animals and algae, thereby improving water purification efficiency.

[0152] This embodiment also discloses an artificial reef-based water ecological restoration system, which is used to implement the above-mentioned artificial reef-based water ecological restoration method, including the following modules:

[0153] Terrain data acquisition module: used to obtain terrain data of the target water area;

[0154] Artificial reef deployment module: used to deploy artificial reefs of different structures in target waters;

[0155] Water quality parameter acquisition module: connected to the artificial reef deployment module, used to monitor the water quality of the target waters where artificial reefs of different structures are deployed and obtain water quality parameters;

[0156] Water flow speed and direction detection module: connected to the artificial reef placement module and the water quality parameter acquisition module, used to adjust the release ratio and quantity of fish and benthic organisms according to water quality parameters; monitor the water flow speed and direction around artificial reefs of different structures;

[0157] Polluted Area Identification and Strategy Development Module: This module is connected to the terrain data acquisition module, water quality parameter acquisition module, and water flow velocity and direction detection module. It is used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the target water area based on water quality parameters, terrain data, water flow velocity, and water flow direction, identify polluted areas, and develop various remediation strategies for polluted areas.

[0158] Optimal remediation strategy acquisition module: connected to the contaminated area identification and strategy formulation module, used to verify multiple remediation strategies and obtain the optimal remediation strategy.

[0159] This embodiment also discloses an electronic device, which includes one or more processors and a memory.

[0160] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units having data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions.

[0161] The memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor may execute the program instructions to implement the water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs and / or other desired functions of any embodiment of the present application described above. Various contents such as initial external parameters, thresholds, etc. may also be stored in the computer-readable storage medium.

[0162] In one example, the electronic device may further include an input device and an output device, these components being interconnected via a bus system and / or other connection mechanisms. The input device may include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc. The output device may output various information to the outside, including warning information, braking force, etc. The output device may include, for example, a display, a speaker, a printer, a communication network, and remote output devices connected thereto.

[0163] In addition, the electronic device may further include any other appropriate components depending on specific applications.

[0164] In addition to the above-mentioned methods and devices, an embodiment of the present application may also be a computer program product, which includes computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, enable the processor to execute the steps of a water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs provided in any embodiment of the present application.

[0165] The computer program product may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​to implement the program code for performing the operations of the embodiments of the present application, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's computing device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0166] In addition, an embodiment of the present application may also be a computer-readable storage medium on which computer program instructions are stored. When the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of a water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs provided in any embodiment of the present application.

[0167] The computer-readable storage medium may be any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium may include, for example, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0168] It should be noted that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. As shown in the present specification, unless the context clearly indicates an exception, the words "one", "a", "a kind of" and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. The terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method or device comprising the elements.

[0169] It should also be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a communication between the internal parts of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0170] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs, characterized in that: include: Step S1, obtaining terrain data of the target water area; Step S2, deploying artificial reefs of different structures in the target waters; Step S3, monitoring the water quality of the target waters where artificial reefs of different structures are deployed to obtain water quality parameters; the water quality parameters include: dissolved oxygen content, pH value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration; Step S4, adjusting the species combination of fish and benthic organisms according to water quality parameters, and monitoring the water flow speed and direction around artificial reefs of different structures; Step S5: Analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the target water area based on water quality parameters, topographic data, water flow velocity, and water flow direction, identify polluted areas, and formulate various remediation strategies for the polluted areas to achieve water quality improvement. Restoration strategies include: layout of artificial reefs, density of artificial reef placement, species mix of fish and benthic organisms, and aquatic plant planting plan; Step S6: Verify multiple repair strategies to obtain the optimal repair strategy.

2. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 1, characterized in that: Identification of contaminated areas includes the following steps: Step S51: Based on GIS technology, water quality parameters and terrain data are integrated to create a three-dimensional map of the water area; Step S52: Select sampling points from the target water area and obtain water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction at the sampling points. Calculate the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction of the entire target water area based on the interpolation method and the water quality parameters of the sampling points, and obtain a spatial distribution map of the water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction in the target water area. Step S53: Marking water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction at each coordinate position of the three-dimensional water area map according to the spatial distribution map; Step S54, obtaining water quality parameters, water flow velocity, and water flow direction at each coordinate position from the three-dimensional map of the water area, and calculating the pollution index at each coordinate position; Step S55: Identify the polluted area according to the pollution index.

3. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the pollution index at each coordinate position is: ； in, Represents the coordinate position The pollution index, Represents the coordinate position The dissolved oxygen content, Represents the coordinate position pH value, Represents the coordinate position The ammonia nitrogen concentration, Represents the coordinate position The water flow rate, Represents the coordinate position The direction of water flow, 、 、 、 、 Represent the adjustment coefficients respectively.

4. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 3, characterized in that: Identifying polluted areas based on the pollution index involves the following steps: Step S551, determining the pollution index average and pollution index standard deviation according to the pollution index at each coordinate position; Step S552, determining a pollution threshold value based on the pollution index average value and the pollution index standard deviation; Step S553, determining the pollution point according to the pollution threshold and the pollution index; Step S554: determining a closed area based on the pollution points, wherein the closed area is formed by connecting adjacent pollution points.

5. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 4, characterized in that: The determination of the pollution point is specifically as follows: if the pollution index of the current coordinate position is greater than the pollution threshold, the current coordinate position is determined as the pollution point.

6. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 5, characterized in that: Verify multiple repair strategies and obtain the optimal repair strategy, which specifically includes the following steps: Step S61, constructing a water quality improvement model; Step S62: Input the layout of artificial reefs, the density of artificial reefs, the species combination of fish and benthic organisms, and the aquatic plant planting plan into the water quality improvement model, and output the water quality parameters corresponding to the restoration strategy; Step S63: Optimize the repair strategy according to the water quality parameters corresponding to the repair strategy, and determine the optimal repair strategy based on the optimized repair strategy.

7. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 5, characterized in that: Constructing a water quality improvement model includes the following steps: Step S611, obtaining initial water quality parameters; Step S612, obtaining the pollutant emission rate of the target water area; Step S613, obtaining the pollutant degradation rate of the target water area; Step S614, obtaining the effective volume of pollutants in the target water area; Step S615, obtaining the external input rate of pollutants into the target water area; Step S616, constructing a water quality improvement model based on the initial water quality parameters, pollutant emission rate, pollutant degradation rate, pollutant effective volume, and pollutant external input rate; the water quality improvement model is a set of formulas.

8. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 7, characterized in that: The formula group of the water quality improvement model is: ； ； ； Where, represents the water quality parameter at time t, represents the initial water quality parameters, represents the emission rate of the i-th pollutant, represents the degradation rate of the i-th pollutant, represents the effective volume of the i-th pollutant, Representative Water quality parameters at a certain time, is the integral variable at time t, 、 、 、 、 are model parameters, Represents the rate at which the i-th pollutant enters the water body from the external environment.

9. The water ecological restoration method based on artificial reefs according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the water quality parameters corresponding to the restoration strategy, the restoration strategy is optimized. Based on the optimized restoration strategy, the optimal restoration strategy is determined. Specifically, it includes the following modules: Step S631, calculating the reduction percentage of the water quality parameter corresponding to each restoration strategy; Step S632, calculating the mean and standard deviation of the water quality parameter reduction percentage corresponding to each restoration strategy; Step S633: The repair strategy corresponding to the water quality parameter with the maximum mean and minimum standard deviation is used as the optimal repair strategy.

10. An artificial reef-based water ecological restoration system, used to implement the artificial reef-based water ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: Terrain data acquisition module: used to obtain terrain data of the target water area; Artificial reef deployment module: used to deploy artificial reefs of different structures in target waters; Water quality parameter acquisition module: connected to the artificial reef deployment module, used to monitor the water quality of the target waters where artificial reefs of different structures are deployed and obtain water quality parameters; Water flow speed and direction detection module: connected to the artificial reef placement module and the water quality parameter acquisition module, used to adjust the release ratio and quantity of fish and benthic organisms according to water quality parameters; monitor the water flow speed and direction around artificial reefs of different structures; Polluted Area Identification and Strategy Development Module: This module is connected to the terrain data acquisition module, water quality parameter acquisition module, and water flow velocity and direction detection module. It is used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the target water area based on water quality parameters, terrain data, water flow velocity, and water flow direction, identify polluted areas, and develop various remediation strategies for polluted areas. Optimal remediation strategy acquisition module: connected to the contaminated area identification and strategy formulation module, used to verify multiple remediation strategies and obtain the optimal remediation strategy.

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