Method and composition for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue

Abstract

A method for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue and / or increasing or improving a nitric oxide signal or level. The method comprises: administering to a subject acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, or derivative thereof, or an arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, or derivative thereof, or a mixture of the two.

Description

Methods and compositions for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of nutritional products or dietary supplements, and specifically relates to a method and composition for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue and / or increasing or improving nitric oxide signals or levels. Background Art

[0002] It's well known that exercise has many benefits, including improving quality of life, optimizing heart and vascular health, controlling blood pressure, improving brain health and memory, increasing well-being, strengthening bones and muscles, reducing joint stiffness, reducing the risk of falls, and improving sleep quality. Furthermore, exercise has positive effects on muscle strength and overall muscle tone. One study concluded that exercise has moderate to significant effects on muscle strength, body composition, physiological function, and inflammatory responses in older adults. Therefore, improving exercise performance and muscle function is crucial.

[0003] Many people who regularly exercise and lift weights take supplements to improve their athletic performance. However, currently available products can have numerous side effects (such as palpitations and increased heart rate) and are often less than ideal. Therefore, finding a product that is highly effective and has no side effects is crucial.

[0004] Nitric oxide (NO), also known as nitrogen oxide, is produced by nearly every cell in the human body. It's considered a mediator of intercellular communication and plays an important role in a variety of bodily processes, including inflammation, vasodilation, and neurotransmission. Primarily, it's considered one of the most important molecules when it comes to the health of our blood vessels. For example, NO plays a crucial role in vasodilation and can also lower blood pressure. NO is a signaling molecule that is widely present in the cardiovascular system and various cell types and protects against the development and progression of atherosclerosis in several ways, most notably improving endothelial function. NO also has the function of scavenging oxygen free radicals, including preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. NO can regulate the central nervous system and improve neurodegeneration. NO can also improve tolerance to both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. NO plays an important role in regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle during contraction / exercise. Therefore, enhancing NO signaling is particularly important.

[0005] Currently, products on the market that enhance NO signals can cause side effects such as nausea, regurgitation, and palpitations, so it is crucial to find a product that can enhance NO signals without side effects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue and / or increasing or improving nitric oxide signaling or levels, the method comprising: administering acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof to a subject. In some embodiments, an effective amount of acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof is administered to the subject. In some embodiments, enhancing or improving muscle function comprises one or more of the following: alleviating or preventing muscle dysfunction, improving mitochondrial function in muscle, improving insulin resistance in muscle, increasing muscle mass, increasing muscle strength and endurance, improving skeletal muscle glucose transport and metabolism, alleviating or preventing muscle damage, and reducing muscle fatigue; improving athletic performance comprises one or more of the following: increasing running distance, increasing exercise time, increasing running speed, improving exercise endurance or explosive power, reducing inflammation and muscle fatigue after exercise, and improving muscle contraction during exercise; preventing or alleviating fatigue comprises preventing physical fatigue after exercise and accelerating recovery after exercise.

[0007] In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention increase the levels of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

[0008] In some embodiments, the method enhances or improves muscle function and / or improves athletic performance and / or prevents or alleviates fatigue by increasing nitric oxide levels or signaling, or increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, or increasing nitrous acid levels.

[0009] In some embodiments, the muscle function or exercise performance of the subjects in the administered group is increased or improved and / or fatigue is prevented or alleviated by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 90% relative to subjects who do not receive the administration.

[0010] In some embodiments, the exercise time of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 30%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 90% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The running distance of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, or 50% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The urea nitrogen level of the administered group decreased by greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, or 40% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The liver glycogen level of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, or 40% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration.

[0011] In some embodiments, the nitric oxide signal or level is increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% in the subjects of the administered group relative to control subjects who did not receive the administration.

[0012] In some embodiments, the subject is a human or a mammal.

[0013] In some embodiments, acetyl taurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof can be formulated into a nutraceutical, dietary supplement, food, or beverage.

[0014] In some embodiments, acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0015] In some embodiments, acetyl taurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof is in the form of a lotion, paste, suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension, or syrup.

[0016] In some embodiments, the dosage of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative administered is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.05-20 g or 0.001 to 90.0 weight % (w / w), and the dosage of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative administered is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 weight % (w / w).

[0017] In some embodiments, the composition is administered at least once daily for 1 week to 7 weeks, 2 weeks to 7 weeks, 3 weeks to 7 weeks, or 4 weeks to 7 weeks.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method includes oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, local instillation, topical or sublingual administration.

[0019] For example, the acetyl taurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative is administered in a single dose or multiple divided doses, with a daily dose range of 0.05g to 20g, 0.05g to 15g, 0.1g to 20g, 0.3g to 18g, 0.5g to 15g, 1g to 20g, 1g to 18g, 1g to 15g, 1g to 10g. In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.005% to 90%, 0.01% to 85%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.5% to 75%, 1% to 70%, 2% to 50%, 0.005% to 45%, 0.005% to 40%, 0.005% to 30%, 0.005% to 25%, 0.01% to 40%, 0.01% to 30% , 0.01% to 25%, 0.01% to 15%, 0.05% to 30%, 0.05% to 20%, 0.05% to 10%, 0.1% to 35%, 0.1% to 25%, 0.1% to 10%, 0.2% to 25%, 0.2% to 10%, 0.5% to 9%, 1% to 7%, 2% to 7%, 0.005% to 7%, 0.005% to 9% by weight (w / w). In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.1 μM to 1 M (e.g., 0.1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 5 mM, 1 μM to 500 mM, 5 μM to 500 μM, 5 μM to 5 mM, 5 μM to 100 mM, 5 μM to 500 mM, 50 μM to 500 μM, 50 μM to 5 mM). Arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative is administered in a single dose or multiple divided doses, with a daily dose range of 0.1 g to 30 g, 0.5 g to 30 g, 0.5 g to 25 g, 0.5 g to 20 g, 1 g to 30 g, 1 g to 28 g, 1 g to 25 g, 1 g to 20 g. In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.005% to 90%, 0.01% to 85%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.5% to 75%, 1% to 70%, 2% to 50%, 0.005% to 45%, 0.005% to 40%, 0.005% to 30%, 0.005% to 25%, 0.01% to 40%, 0.01% to 30% , 0.01% to 25%, 0.01% to 15%, 0.05% to 30%, 0.05% to 20%, 0.05% to 10%, 0.1% to 35%, 0.1% to 25%, 0.1% to 10%, 0.2% to 25%, 0.2% to 10%, 0.5% to 9%, 1% to 7%, 2% to 7%, 0.005% to 7%, 0.005% to 9% by weight (w / w).In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.1 μM to 1 M (e.g., 0.1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 5 mM, 1 μM to 500 mM, 5 μM to 500 μM, 5 μM to 5 mM, 5 μM to 100 mM, 5 μM to 500 mM, 50 μM to 500 μM, 50 μM to 5 mM).

[0020] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a component that increases nitric oxide signal or level, which component is coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, vitamin C, carnosine, lycopene, antioxidants such as creatine, arginine, cysteine, resveratrol, taurine, ergothioneine, and glutathione.

[0021] Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof in the manufacture of a composition for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue and / or increasing or improving nitric oxide signals or levels.

[0022] In some embodiments, enhancing or improving muscle function includes one or more of the following: alleviating or preventing muscle dysfunction, improving mitochondrial function in muscle, improving insulin resistance in muscle, increasing muscle mass, increasing muscle strength and endurance, improving skeletal muscle glucose transport and metabolism, alleviating or preventing muscle damage, and reducing muscle fatigue; improving athletic performance includes one or more of the following: increasing running distance, increasing exercise time, increasing running speed, improving athletic endurance or explosive power, reducing inflammation and muscle fatigue after exercise, and improving muscle contraction during exercise; preventing or alleviating fatigue includes preventing physical fatigue after exercise and accelerating recovery after exercise.

[0023] In some embodiments, methods or compositions of the invention increase the levels of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

[0024] In some embodiments, the composition enhances or improves muscle function and / or improves athletic performance and / or prevents or alleviates fatigue by increasing nitric oxide levels or signaling, or increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, or increasing nitrous acid levels.

[0025] In some embodiments, muscle function or exercise performance is increased or improved and / or fatigue is prevented or alleviated by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 90% in the administered group of subjects relative to subjects not receiving the composition.

[0026] In some embodiments, the exercise time of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 30%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 90% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The running distance of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, or 50% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The urea nitrogen level of the administered group decreased by greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, or 40% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The liver glycogen level of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, or 40% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration.

[0027] In some embodiments, the nitric oxide signal or level is increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% in the subjects of the administered group relative to control subjects who did not receive the administration.

[0028] In some embodiments, acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0029] In some embodiments, acetyl taurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof is in the form of a lotion, paste, suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension, or syrup.

[0030] In some embodiments, the dosage of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative administered is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.05-20 g or 0.001 to 90.0 weight % (w / w), and the dosage of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative administered is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 weight % (w / w).

[0031] In some embodiments, acetyl taurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof is administered in a single dose or multiple divided doses, with a daily dose ranging from 0.05 g to 20 g, 0.05 g to 15 g, 0.1 g to 20 g, 0.3 g to 18 g, 0.5 g to 15 g, 1 g to 20 g, 1 g to 18 g, 1 g to 15 g, 1 g to 10 g. In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.005% to 90%, 0.01% to 85%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.5% to 75%, 1% to 70%, 2% to 50%, 0.005% to 45%, 0.005% to 40%, 0.005% to 30%, 0.005% to 25%, 0.01% to 40%, 0.01% to 30% , 0.01% to 25%, 0.01% to 15%, 0.05% to 30%, 0.05% to 20%, 0.05% to 10%, 0.1% to 35%, 0.1% to 25%, 0.1% to 10%, 0.2% to 25%, 0.2% to 10%, 0.5% to 9%, 1% to 7%, 2% to 7%, 0.005% to 7%, 0.005% to 9% by weight (w / w). In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.1 μM to 1 M (e.g., 0.1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 5 mM, 1 μM to 500 mM, 5 μM to 500 μM, 5 μM to 5 mM, 5 μM to 100 mM, 5 μM to 500 mM, 50 μM to 500 μM, 50 μM to 5 mM). Arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative is administered in a single dose or multiple divided doses, with a daily dose range of 0.1 g to 30 g, 0.5 g to 30 g, 0.5 g to 25 g, 0.5 g to 20 g, 1 g to 30 g, 1 g to 28 g, 1 g to 25 g, 1 g to 20 g. In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.005% to 90%, 0.01% to 85%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.05% to 80%, 0.5% to 75%, 1% to 70%, 2% to 50%, 0.005% to 45%, 0.005% to 40%, 0.005% to 30%, 0.005% to 25%, 0.01% to 40%, 0.01% to 30% , 0.01% to 25%, 0.01% to 15%, 0.05% to 30%, 0.05% to 20%, 0.05% to 10%, 0.1% to 35%, 0.1% to 25%, 0.1% to 10%, 0.2% to 25%, 0.2% to 10%, 0.5% to 9%, 1% to 7%, 2% to 7%, 0.005% to 7%, 0.005% to 9% by weight (w / w).In some embodiments, the daily dose range is 0.1 μM to 1 M (e.g., 0.1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 5 mM, 1 μM to 500 mM, 5 μM to 500 μM, 5 μM to 5 mM, 5 μM to 100 mM, 5 μM to 500 mM, 50 μM to 500 μM, 50 μM to 5 mM).

[0032] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a composition comprising acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof, for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue and / or increasing or improving nitric oxide signals or levels in a subject.

[0033] In some embodiments, enhancing or improving muscle function includes one or more of the following: alleviating or preventing muscle dysfunction, improving mitochondrial function in muscle, improving insulin resistance in muscle, increasing muscle mass, increasing muscle strength and endurance, improving skeletal muscle glucose transport and metabolism, alleviating or preventing muscle damage, and reducing muscle fatigue; improving athletic performance includes one or more of the following: increasing running distance, increasing exercise time, increasing running speed, improving exercise endurance and explosive power, reducing inflammation and muscle fatigue after exercise, and improving muscle contraction during exercise; preventing or alleviating fatigue includes preventing physical fatigue after exercise and accelerating recovery after exercise.

[0034] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention can increase the levels of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

[0035] In some embodiments, the composition enhances or improves muscle function and / or improves athletic performance and / or prevents or alleviates fatigue by increasing nitric oxide levels or signaling, or increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, or increasing nitrous acid levels.

[0036] In some embodiments, the muscle function or exercise performance of a subject administered the composition is increased or improved and / or fatigue is prevented or alleviated by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 90% relative to a composition that does not contain acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0037] In some embodiments, the exercise time of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 30%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 90% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The running distance of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, or 50% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The urea nitrogen level of the administered group decreased by greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, or 40% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration. The liver glycogen level of the administered group increased by greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, or 40% relative to the exercise group that did not receive the administration.

[0038] In some embodiments, the nitric oxide signal or level is increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% in the subjects of the administered group relative to control subjects who did not receive the administration.

[0039] In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of a lotion, paste, suppository, tablet, pill, granules, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension, or syrup.

[0040] In some embodiments, the amount of acetyl taurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative of the composition is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.05-20 g or 0.001 to 50.0 weight % (w / w), and the amount of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 weight % (w / w).

[0041] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises other components that increase nitric oxide signals or levels. The components that inhibit the breakdown of nitric oxide include coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, vitamin C, carnosine, lycopene, antioxidants such as creatine, arginine, cysteine, resveratrol, taurine, ergothioneine, and glutathione.

[0042] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for increasing or enhancing the level of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate, the method comprising administering to a subject acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0043] In some embodiments, an effective amount of acetyl taurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof is administered to the subject.

[0044] In some embodiments, nitrite and / or cyclic GMP levels are increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 90% in subjects in the administered group relative to control subjects who did not receive the administration.

[0045] In some embodiments, the subject is a human or a mammal.

[0046] In some embodiments, acetyl taurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof is formulated into a nutraceutical, dietary supplement, food, or beverage.

[0047] In some embodiments, acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, or derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, or derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0048] In some embodiments, acetyl taurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof is in the form of a lotion, paste, suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension, or syrup.

[0049] In some embodiments, the dosage of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative administered is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.105-20 g or 0.001 to 90.0 weight % (w / w), and the dosage of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative administered is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 weight % (w / w).

[0050] Another aspect of the present invention also relates to the use of acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof in the manufacture of a composition for increasing or enhancing the level of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

[0051] In some embodiments, the levels of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the subjects in the administered group are increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% relative to control subjects who did not receive the administration.

[0052] In some embodiments, acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, or derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, or derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0053] In some embodiments, acetyl taurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof is in the form of a lotion, paste, suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension, or syrup.

[0054] In some embodiments, the dosage of acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 10.05-20 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt % (w / w), and the dosage of arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt % (w / w).

[0055] The method of administering acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, or derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, or derivatives, or a mixture thereof, or a composition comprising the same, to a subject can be used to increase or improve muscle function or athletic performance and / or prevent or alleviate fatigue and / or increase or improve nitric oxide signals or levels in the subject, and can be used to increase or improve nitrous acid and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels. These drugs play a vital role in the normal function of the cardiovascular, nervous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, and immune systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 shows the swimming time of groups 2 to 4 who participated in the exercise.

[0057] FIG2 shows the running distances of groups 2 to 4 who participated in the exercise.

[0058] FIG3 shows the blood urea nitrogen levels of Groups 1 to 4.

[0059] FIG4 shows the liver glycogen levels of Groups 1 to 4.

[0060] FIG5 shows the muscle glycogen levels of Groups 1 to 4.

[0061] FIG6 is a bar graph of the weight-bearing swimming exhaustion time of mice in the EX and ATR groups.

[0062] FIG7 is a bar graph showing the running exhaustion distance of mice in the EX and ATR groups.

[0063] FIG8 is a bar graph showing the levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the serum of mice in the EX and ATR groups.

[0064] FIG9 is a bar graph showing the nitric oxide (NO) levels in the serum of mice from Group 5 to Group 8.

[0065] FIG10 is a bar graph showing the lactic acid (LA) content in the serum of mice in the EX group and the ATR group.

[0066] FIG11 is a bar graph showing the urea nitrogen (BUN) content in the serum of mice in the EX group and the ATR group.

[0067] FIG12 is a bar graph showing the liver glycogen (LG) content in mice in the EX and ATR groups.

[0068] FIG13 shows the area under the curve (AUC) of NO in two groups of mice.

[0069] FIG14 shows the area under the curve (AUC) of cGMP in two groups of mice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] Although the present invention will be described in conjunction with the embodiments, it should be understood that they are not intended to limit the present invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover substitutions, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. In addition, in the detailed description of the present invention, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, well-known methods, procedures, components and other features are not described in detail.

[0071] As used herein, the term "or" is intended to include "and" and "or." In other words, the term "or" can also be replaced with "and / or."

[0072] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0073] As used herein, the term "comprises" or "includes" or variations thereof refers to instances where the term is used in its non-limiting sense, meaning that items following the term are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. It also includes the more restrictive verbs 'consisting essentially of' and 'consisting of.'

[0074] As used herein, the terms "subject" or "individual" are used interchangeably to refer to any subject to which the methods and compositions of the present disclosure can be applied or administered. The subject may have a disease or condition, but the subject does not need to be ill to benefit from the methods and compositions of the present disclosure. Any subject can take the disclosed compositions or become a recipient of the disclosed methods. Herein, the term "subject" refers to an animal (e.g., birds, reptiles, and mammals). In certain embodiments, the subject can be a mammal including non-primates (e.g., camels, donkeys, zebras, cows, horses, cats, dogs, rats, and mice) and primates (e.g., monkeys, chimpanzees, humans). In certain embodiments, the subject can be a non-human mammal. In other embodiments, the subject can be a human.

[0075] As used herein, the term "administering" refers to directly administering a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition of a compound to a subject, or administering a prodrug derivative or analog of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition of a compound to a subject, which can form an equivalent amount of an active compound in the subject's body.

[0076] The expected method comprises administering an appropriate amount of acetyltaurine or acetyltaurine substitute every day, and this depends on the specific preparation and form containing acetyltaurine.This amount every day can be administered once or repeatedly.Typically, the effective amount of acetyltaurine or acetyltaurine derivative in the composition containing acetyltaurine administered once or repeatedly every day is 0.05 gram (g) to 20g or between 0.05 gram (g) to 20g.One or more dosages can be administered once a day in any time period.For example, an effective dose can be administered every day, and it continues to be administered every day for one day, several days, many days or indefinitely, and acetyltaurine can be administered for 7 days and above in a cycle, depending on the effect of hope. More typically, the amount of acetyltaurine or an acetyltaurine derivative administered per day is 0.05 g, 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.5 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g, 0.9 g, 1 g, 1.2 g, 1.4 g, 1.5 g, 2 g, 3.5 g, 4 g, 5 g, 8 g, 10 g, 12 g, 15 g, 18 g, 20 g. More typically, the amount of acetyltaurine or an acetyltaurine derivative administered per day is 0.2 g to 3 g. Most typically, the amount of acetyltaurine or an acetyltaurine derivative administered per day is 1 g.

[0077] The effective amount of acetyltaurine or an acetyltaurine derivative in the acetyltaurine-containing composition administered once or more daily is 0.001% to 50.0% by weight, or between 0.001 and 90.0% by weight (w / w). One or more doses can be administered once daily over any period of time. For example, an effective dose can be administered daily for one day, several days, multiple days, or indefinitely. Acetyltaurine can be administered for 7 days or more in a cycle, depending on the desired effect. More typically, the amount of acetyl taurine or an acetyl taurine derivative administered per day is 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% by weight (w / w). The amount of acetyltaurine or acetyltaurine derivatives administered once or multiple times per day can be 0.1 μM to 1 M (e.g., 0.1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 5mM, 1 μM to 100 mM, 1 μM to 500 mM, 5 μM to 500 μM, 5 μM to 5mM, 5 μM to 100 mM, 5 μM to 500 mM, 50 μM to 500 μM, 50 μM to 5mM). One dose or multiple doses can be administered in any time period per day. For example, an effective dose can be given every day for one day, several days, many days, or indefinitely on a daily basis.

[0078] The expected method comprises administering a suitable amount of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative every day, depending on the specific preparation and form containing arginine dipeptide. This amount every day can be administered once or multiple times. Typically, the effective amount of arginine dipeptide or arginine dipeptide derivative in the composition containing arginine dipeptide administered once or multiple times every day is 0.1 gram (g) to 30g or between 0.1 gram (g) to 30g. One or more dosages can be administered once a day in any time period. For example, an effective dose can be administered every day, for one day, several days, many days or indefinitely every day, and arginine dipeptide can be administered for 7 days and above in a cycle, depending on the effect of hope. More typically, the amount of arginine dipeptide or arginine dipeptide derivative administered per day is 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.5 g, 0.7 g, 0.9 g, 1 g, 1.2 g, 1.5 g, 3 g, 5 g, 8 g, 10 g, 12 g, 15 g, 18 g, 20 g, 25 g, 30 g. More typically, the amount of arginine dipeptide or arginine dipeptide derivative administered per day is 1 g to 30 g. Most typically, the amount of arginine dipeptide or arginine dipeptide derivative administered per day is 8 g.

[0079] The effective amount of arginine dipeptide or arginine dipeptide derivative in the composition containing arginine dipeptide administered once or more per day is 0.001% to 50.0% by weight or between 0.001 and 90.0% by weight (w / w). One or more doses can be administered once a day over any period of time. For example, an effective dose can be administered daily for one day, several days, multiple days, or indefinitely, and arginine dipeptide can be administered for 7 days or more in a cycle, depending on the desired effect. More typically, the amount of arginine dipeptide or arginine dipeptide derivative administered per day is 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% by weight (w / w). The amount of the arginine dipeptide or arginine dipeptide derivative administered once or multiple times per day can be 0.1 μM to 1 M (e.g., 0.1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 500 μM, 1 μM to 5 mM, 1 μM to 100 mM, 1 μM to 500 mM, 5 μM to 500 μM, 5 μM to 5 mM, 5 μM to 100 mM, 5 μM to 500 mM, 50 μM to 500 μM, 50 μM to 5 mM). One dose or multiple doses can be administered at any time period per day. For example, an effective dose can be administered daily for one day, several days, multiple days, or indefinitely on a daily basis.

[0080] The amount of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative, or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof can be selected as needed.

[0081] Various forms and formulations of compositions containing acetyltaurine or arginine dipeptide or a mixture of the two are contemplated. The compositions will be formulated as nutritional supplements or dietary supplements, (medical) foods, skin care products, in liquid or solid form, containing acetyltaurine or arginine dipeptide or a mixture of the two, and may optionally include a nutritionally or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. For oral administration, the compositions of the present invention may be in any suitable form, including solutions, tablets, gel capsules, capsules, or alternative nutritional foods or nutritional supplements.

[0082] The technical features, implementation methods and beneficial effects of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to specific implementation cases. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents described in the following examples are all common commercial products and can be purchased on the market.

[0083] Example

[0084] Example 1

[0085] Thirty-two Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal control group (blank, no exercise, Group 1), an exercise group (blank, Group 2), an arginine exercise group (700 mg / kg, Group 3), and an arginine dipeptide exercise group (350 mg / kg, Group 4), with 8 mice in each group. The mice were gavaged continuously for 32 days, and their body weights were recorded weekly. Animals in Groups 2, 3, and 4 underwent a weighted swimming endurance test 30 minutes after administration on day 28, a treadmill endurance test on day 30, and a 90-minute unweighted swimming test 30 minutes after administration on day 32. Blood and tissue samples were collected immediately after the swim.

[0086] On day 32, blood was collected via the retroorbital route immediately after 90 minutes of weight-free swimming. After standing at room temperature for 4 hours, the blood was centrifuged at 1500 × g for 10 minutes at 4°C, and all serum was transferred to cryogenic tubes and stored at −80°C. The liver and gastrocnemius-soleus muscles were excised and weighed.

[0087] Swimming endurance test: A weighted swimming endurance test was conducted on the 28th day after administration in each group. Thirty minutes after administration, a lead wire weighing 5% of body weight was wrapped around the tail. A stopwatch was used to record the time it took for the animal's head to remain completely submerged in water for 8 seconds and remain unable to emerge. The swimming time for each mouse was recorded.

[0088] Treadmill endurance test: Muscle endurance tests were performed on the 30th day of administration for each group. Muscle endurance was performed on a motorized treadmill with a speed range of 5 to 50 cm / s and a 10-degree incline. Uphill running involves concentric muscle contractions, which increases muscle work and leads to faster fatigue compared to running on flat ground. The belt speed started at approximately 15 cm / s and increased by 5 cm / s every 2 minutes until a speed of 50 cm / s was reached. Animals performed the treadmill test until exhaustion. The exhaustion point was defined as the time at which the animal fell into the shock zone. The distance traveled (cm) was measured as a marker of exercise performance.

[0089] Clinical Biochemistry Overview: 32 days after administration, serum was collected after 90 minutes of weight-free swimming for analysis of clinical biochemical parameters, including nitric oxide (NO), lactate (LA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was measured using a standard ELISA kit. Glycogen content was also determined by sampling liver and gastrocnemius-soleus muscles.

[0090] Figure 1 shows the swimming time of exercised groups 2-4. Group 4 swam 8.3 minutes longer than Group 3, a 70.9% increase in exercise time. Group 4 also swam 62.6% longer than Group 2, while Group 3's exercise time was reduced compared to Group 2. The mice recovered for 2 days after swimming, and a running endurance test was performed 30 minutes after administration. Figure 2 shows the running distance of exercised groups 2-4. After 30 days of administration, Group 4 ran 275 meters longer than Group 3, a 35.3% increase in running distance. Group 4 ran 154.4 meters longer than Group 2, a 17.2% increase in running distance. Group 3's exercise time was reduced compared to Group 2.

[0091] Figure 3 shows blood urea nitrogen levels in Groups 1-4. After 32 days of treatment and 90 minutes of swimming, blood urea nitrogen levels in Group 4 were significantly lower than in Group 3, by 18.2% and 11.7% lower than in Group 2. However, blood urea nitrogen levels in Group 3 were higher than in Group 2. Figure 4 shows liver glycogen levels in Groups 1-4. Group 4 had a 24.5% higher liver glycogen content than Group 3, and 11.9% higher than in Group 2. Figure 5 shows muscle glycogen levels in Groups 1-4. Group 4 had a 13.7% higher muscle glycogen content than Group 3, and 62.0% higher than in Group 2. This indicates that glycogen depletion in Group 4 was significantly reduced, urea nitrogen levels were lowered, and the post-exercise increase in lactate levels was suppressed. Anti-fatigue indicators include lactate, urea nitrogen, and glycogen. During exercise, the body consumes energy, and glycogen can be fermented to produce lactate, which supplies energy to muscles. Therefore, muscle glycogen and lactate can reflect muscle function. Swimming time and running distance can reflect athletic performance, while urea nitrogen and liver glycogen can reflect the body's resistance to exercise fatigue. The arginine dipeptide of the present invention can significantly reduce muscle fatigue and accelerate recovery after exercise, and its effect is better than arginine.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal control group (blank, control group 5), an exercise control group (blank, EX group 6), an acetyltaurine exercise group (500 mg / kg, ATR group 7), and an arginine dipeptide exercise group (500 mg / kg, Di-Arg group 8), with 10 mice in each group. Oral gavage was performed for 28 consecutive days, and body weight was recorded weekly. All exercise group mice underwent a 5% weight-bearing swimming test on the 28th day after administration, and the swimming exhaustion time was recorded; a treadmill exhaustion test was performed on the 30th day after administration, and the running exhaustion distance of the mice was recorded; and a 90-minute weight-free swimming test was performed on the 32nd day after administration. Blood and tissue samples were collected immediately after the swimming test. After standing at room temperature for 4 hours, the blood was centrifuged at 1500xg for 10 minutes at 4°C, and all serum was transferred to cryogenic tubes and stored at -80°C. All animals underwent exercise testing 30 minutes after receiving oral gavage.

[0094] Weighted swimming test: 30 minutes after administration, immediately wrap a lead wire around the tail. The weight of the wire is 5% of the body weight. Use a stopwatch to record the time from the animal's head being completely submerged in water for 10 seconds until it cannot surface. The swimming time for each mouse is recorded.

[0095] Treadmill endurance test: Muscle endurance test was performed on the 30th day of administration for each group. Muscle endurance was performed on a motorized treadmill with a speed range of 0 to 50 cm / s and a 10-degree incline. Uphill running involves concentric muscle contraction, which increases muscle work and leads to faster fatigue compared to running on flat ground. The belt speed started at approximately 15 cm / s and increased by 5 cm / s every 2 minutes until a speed of 50 cm / s was reached. The animals performed the treadmill test until exhaustion. The exhaustion point was defined as the time point at which the animal fell into the shock zone. The distance traveled (m) was measured as a marker of exercise performance.

[0096] Clinical biochemistry profile: 32 days after administration, serum was collected after 90 minutes of weight-free swimming for analysis of clinical biochemical parameters, including cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitric oxide (NO), lactate (LA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Part of the liver was also collected for determination of liver glycogen (LG) content.

[0097] Figure 6 is a bar graph showing the weighted swimming exhaustion time of mice in the EX and ATR groups after 28 days of feeding intervention. The results show that the weighted swimming exhaustion time of mice treated with acetyltaurine was prolonged by 45.5% compared to the exercise control group. Figure 7 is a bar graph showing the running exhaustion distance of mice in the EX and ATR groups after 30 days of feeding intervention. The results show that the running exhaustion time of mice treated with acetyltaurine was prolonged by 20.0% compared to the exercise control group.

[0098] Figure 8 is a bar graph of the serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content of mice in the EX group and ATR group after 32 days of feeding intervention and fatigue exercise. The results showed that the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the serum of mice treated with acetyltaurine increased by 12.4% compared with the mice in the exercise control group. Figure 9 is a bar graph of the serum nitric oxide (NO) content of mice in groups 5 to 8 after 32 days of feeding intervention and fatigue exercise. The results showed that compared with the exercise control group, the serum nitric oxide (NO) content of mice treated with acetyltaurine increased by 9.8% after exercise; the serum nitric oxide (NO) content of mice treated with arginine dipeptide increased by 16.7%. Figure 10 is a bar graph of the serum lactic acid (LA) content of mice in the EX group and ATR group after 32 days of feeding intervention and fatigue exercise. The results showed that compared with the exercise control group, the use of acetyltaurine intervention can reduce the accumulation of lactic acid in the serum of mice caused by exercise by 22.8%.

[0099] Figure 11 is a bar graph showing the serum urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of mice in the EX and ATR groups after 32 days of feeding intervention and fatigue exercise. The results showed that compared with the exercise control group, the use of acetyltaurine in mice during exercise reduced urea nitrogen accumulation by 15.0%.

[0100] Figure 12 is a bar graph of the liver glycogen (LG) content of mice in the EX group and the ATR group after 32 days of feeding intervention and fatigue exercise. The results showed that during fatigue exercise, liver glycogen consumption was caused, but the liver glycogen level of mice intervened with acetyltaurine increased by 30.0%. Anti-fatigue indicators include lactic acid, urea nitrogen and glycogen. During exercise, the body consumes energy, and glycogen can be fermented to produce lactic acid to supply energy to the muscles. Therefore, muscle glycogen and lactic acid can reflect muscle function. Swimming time and running distance can reflect exercise performance, and urea nitrogen and liver glycogen can reflect the body's anti-exercise fatigue effect. The acetyltaurine of the present invention can significantly reduce muscle fatigue and accelerate recovery after exercise.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] Sixteen C57 male mice were acclimated to the laboratory environment for 7 days. The animals were housed in individual cages with free access to food and water. The ambient temperature was 22±1°C, the relative humidity was 50±5%, and the light-dark cycle was 12 hours. After a 16-hour fast, the mice were randomly divided into a normal control group (blank, Group 1) and an acetyltaurine group (100 mg / kg, Group 2), with 8 mice in each group. Ocular blood samples were collected 30 and 60 minutes after administration to measure NO levels. Table 1 shows that acetyltaurine significantly improved NO levels compared to the control group.

[0103] Table 1. Serum nitric oxide levels

[0104] Data are mean ± SD of n = 8 mice per group. *p < 0.05 vs. control group.

[0105] Example 4

[0106] Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were housed in a room with controlled temperature (22±2°C), controlled humidity (55±5%), and a 12-h light / dark cycle, with free access to standard rat chow and tap water.

[0107] After a 16-hour fast, rats were randomly divided into two groups and received a single oral gavage of vehicle or arginine dipeptide (Di-Arg), respectively. Specific group information is shown in Table 2. Blood samples were collected from the tail of the rats at 0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after administration. Whole blood was frozen overnight and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum. NO levels were measured in the rat serum.

[0108] NO 2-It is easily oxidized by NO in the body or in aqueous solution. Under acidic conditions, NO 2- It reacts with diazosulfonic acid amine to form a diazo compound, which is further coupled with naphthylethylenediamine. This product has a characteristic absorption peak at 550nm, which can be used to measure its absorbance. An ELISA kit is used to detect serum cGMP, and the blood cGMP concentration is calculated based on the standard curve.

[0109] Figure 13 shows the area under the curve (AUC) for NO. Based on the results in Figure 13, arginine dipeptide significantly promoted nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, increasing it by 183% compared to the control group. Figure 14 shows the area under the curve (AUC) for cGMP. Based on the AUC data, the AUC for the arginine dipeptide group was 454 μmol / L*min, a 241% improvement compared to the control group.

[0110] Table 2. Experimental grouping method

[0111] In summary, the method or composition of the present invention can increase the level or signal of nitric oxide, or increase the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, or increase the level of nitrite, and can enhance or improve muscle function and / or improve exercise performance and / or prevent or relieve fatigue. Specifically, it can relieve or prevent muscle dysfunction, improve mitochondrial function in muscle, improve insulin resistance in muscle, increase muscle mass, increase muscle strength and endurance, improve skeletal muscle glucose transport and metabolism, relieve or prevent muscle damage, and reduce muscle fatigue; increase running and / or swimming distance, increase exercise time, increase running and / or swimming speed, improve exercise endurance or explosive power, reduce inflammation and muscle fatigue after exercise, improve muscle contraction during exercise; prevent physical fatigue after exercise and accelerate recovery after exercise.

[0112] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue and / or increasing or improving nitric oxide signals or levels, characterized in that: The method comprises administering acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof to the subject.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The enhancement or improvement of muscle function includes one or more of the following: alleviating or preventing muscle dysfunction, improving mitochondrial function in muscle, improving insulin resistance in muscle, increasing muscle mass, increasing muscle strength and endurance, improving skeletal muscle glucose transport and metabolism, alleviating or preventing muscle damage, and reducing muscle fatigue; the improvement of athletic performance includes one or more of the following: increasing running and / or swimming distance, increasing exercise time, increasing running and / or swimming speed, improving athletic endurance or explosive power, reducing post-exercise inflammation and muscle fatigue, and improving muscle contraction during exercise; the prevention or relief of fatigue includes preventing physical fatigue after exercise and accelerating post-exercise recovery.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The method increases the levels of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The method enhances or improves muscle function and / or improves athletic performance and / or prevents or alleviates fatigue by increasing the level or signal of nitric oxide, or increasing the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, or increasing the level of nitrous acid.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that Compared to subjects who did not receive administration, subjects in the administration group experienced an increase or improvement in muscle function or exercise performance and / or a prevention or alleviation of fatigue of greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 90%.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The nitric oxide signal or level in the subjects of the administered group is increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% relative to the control subjects who did not receive the administration.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The subject is a human or a mammal.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative, or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof is in the form of a lotion, paste, suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension, or syrup.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The dosage of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.05-20 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt % (w / w), and the dosage of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt % (w / w).

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that It also contains components that increase nitric oxide signals or levels, including coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, vitamin C, carnosine, lycopene, antioxidants such as creatine, arginine, cysteine, resveratrol, taurine, ergothioneine, and glutathione.

12. Use of acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof in the manufacture of a composition for enhancing or improving muscle function and / or improving athletic performance and / or preventing or alleviating fatigue and / or increasing or improving nitric oxide signals or levels.

13. The use according to claim 12, characterized in that The enhancement or improvement of muscle function includes one or more of the following: alleviating or preventing muscle dysfunction, improving mitochondrial function in muscle, improving insulin resistance in muscle, increasing muscle mass, increasing muscle strength and endurance, improving skeletal muscle glucose transport and metabolism, alleviating or preventing muscle damage, and reducing muscle fatigue; the improvement of athletic performance includes one or more of the following: increasing running and / or swimming distance, increasing exercise time, increasing running and / or swimming speed, improving athletic endurance or explosive power, reducing post-exercise inflammation and muscle fatigue, and improving muscle contraction during exercise; the prevention or relief of fatigue includes preventing physical fatigue after exercise and accelerating post-exercise recovery.

14. The use according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The composition increases the levels of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

15. The use according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The composition enhances or improves muscle function and / or improves athletic performance and / or prevents or relieves fatigue by increasing the level or signal of nitric oxide, or increasing the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, or increasing the level of nitrite.

16. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that Compared to subjects who did not receive administration, subjects in the administration group experienced an increase or improvement in muscle function or exercise performance and / or a prevention or alleviation of fatigue of greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 90%.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that: The nitric oxide signal or level in the subjects of the administered group is increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% relative to the control subjects who did not receive the administration.

18. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that The acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative, or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

19. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that The acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof is in the form of a lotion, paste, suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension, or syrup.

20. The use according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that The dosage of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, or derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.05-20 g or 0.001 to 50.0 wt% (w / w), and the dosage of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, or derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt% (w / w).

21. A composition, characterized in that The composition comprises acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative, or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture of the two. The composition is used to enhance or improve muscle function and / or improve exercise performance and / or prevent or alleviate fatigue and / or increase or improve nitric oxide signals or levels in a subject.

22. The composition according to claim 21, characterized in that The enhancement or improvement of muscle function includes one or more of the following: alleviating or preventing muscle dysfunction, improving mitochondrial function in muscle, improving insulin resistance in muscle, increasing muscle mass, increasing muscle strength and endurance, improving skeletal muscle glucose transport and metabolism, alleviating or preventing muscle damage, and reducing muscle fatigue; the improvement of athletic performance includes one or more of the following: increasing running and / or swimming distance, increasing exercise time, increasing running and / or swimming speed, improving athletic endurance or explosive power, reducing post-exercise inflammation and muscle fatigue, and improving muscle contraction during exercise; the prevention or relief of fatigue includes preventing physical fatigue after exercise and accelerating post-exercise recovery.

23. The composition according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that The composition increases the levels of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

24. The composition according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that The composition enhances or improves muscle function and / or improves athletic performance and / or prevents or relieves fatigue by increasing the level or signal of nitric oxide, or increasing the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, or increasing the level of nitrite.

25. The composition according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that Compared to a composition that does not contain acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof, the muscle function or exercise performance of the subject administered the composition is increased or improved and / or fatigue is prevented or alleviated by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 90%.

26. The composition according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that The nitric oxide signal or level in the subjects of the administered group is increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% relative to the control subjects who did not receive the administration.

27. The composition according to any one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that The amount of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, or derivative in the composition is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.05-20 g or 0.001 to 50.0 wt % (w / w), and the amount of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, or derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt % (w / w).

28. The composition according to any one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that The composition further comprises components that increase nitric oxide signals or levels, and the components are coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, vitamin C, carnosine, lycopene, antioxidants of creatine, arginine, cysteine, resveratrol, taurine, ergothioneine, and glutathione.

29. A method for increasing or enhancing the level of nitrite and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate, characterized in that: The method comprises administering acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester, derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof to the subject.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein The levels of nitrite and / or cyclic GMP in subjects in the administered group are increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 90% relative to control subjects who did not receive the administration.

31. The method according to any one of claims 29 or 30, characterized in that The subject is a human or a mammal.

32. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that The acetyltaurine or its hydrates, salts, esters, solvates, derivatives, or arginine dipeptide or its salts, esters, derivatives, or a mixture thereof can be prepared into a nutrient, dietary supplement, food, or beverage.

33. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that The acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative, or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

34. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein: The dosage of acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.05-20 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt % (w / w), and the dosage of arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative is 0.1 μM to 1 M or 0.1-30 g or 0.001 to 90.0 wt % (w / w).

35. Use of acetyltaurine or a hydrate, salt, ester, solvate or derivative thereof, or arginine dipeptide or a salt, ester or derivative thereof, or a mixture thereof, in the manufacture of a composition for increasing or enhancing the level of nitrous acid and / or cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

36. The use according to claim 35, characterized in that The nitric oxide signal or level in the subjects of the administered group is increased or improved by greater than 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, 120%, 150% or 180% relative to the control subjects who did not receive the administration.

37. The use according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that The acetyltaurine or its hydrate, salt, ester, solvate, derivative, or arginine dipeptide or its salt, ester, derivative, or a mixture thereof is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

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