A surface covering product and a method for preparing the same
The surface covering product with a cork-enhanced supporting layer addresses the underutilization of cork in PVC flooring by enhancing acoustic performance and sustainability through a balanced rigidity and elasticity, achieving superior sound insulation and reduced environmental impact.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/076522
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-08
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
The advantageous properties of cork, particularly in granulate form, have not been fully exploited in PVC rigid flooring products, limiting their acoustic performance and sustainability.
A surface covering product with a supporting layer comprising a polymer resin, natural porous material, inorganic filler, and coupling agent, where the cork granulates are uniformly distributed to enhance acoustic performance and sustainability.
The product achieves superior acoustic insulation, reduced density, and increased bio-content, while maintaining rigidity and elasticity, thus offering improved environmental sustainability and sound dampening properties.
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Figure CN2025076522_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A surface covering product and a method for preparing the sameField of Invention
[0001] This application specifically relates to a surface covering product and a method for preparing the same.Background
[0002] Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) floorings have gained immense popularity in the market due to their excellent characteristics such as water resistance, wear resistance, design versatility, and stain / chemical resistance. Among PVC flooring categories, the rigid core PVC flooring category has emerged as the fastest-growing category. It retains all the superior characteristics of PVC floorings while demonstrating exceptional performance in terms of dimensional stability, mechanical locking strength, low VOC emissions, and durability in gouge and tear resistance properties. It has become an increasingly popular choice for residential homes and commercial buildings due to its value contributions which earns the product as an alternative to traditional Hardwood, Porcelain tile, Laminate floors, etc.
[0003] Cork is commonly used as a layer in PVC rigid flooring. Due to the porous structure, the cork layer provides the PVC rigid flooring with many favorable properties such as foot feeling and impact sound insulation. There is a floor panel with a layered structure comprising a rigid core layer and flexible layers positioned on the opposite sides of the rigid core layer. The flexible layer contains a blend of PVC resin and cork granulate. The rigid core layer provides necessary rigidity to the floor panels and the flexible layer provides flexibility and sound insulation effectiveness. There are other floor panels with homogeneous cork layer as separate layers in the structure to improve the aesthetic or overall product properties. Additionally, there are known products that comprise a blend of recycled cork and rubber.Summary of the invention
[0004] The inventor of the present application found that the advantageous property of cork especially in granulate format has not been fully exploited especially for the PVC rigid product category.
[0005] The present application is designed to provide a surface covering product, which provides good acoustic performance and / or high content of a renewable material for superior sustainability from an environmentally friendly perspective.
[0006] In the first aspect of the present application, the present application provides a surface covering product comprising a supporting layer including a polymer resin and a natural porous material. The supporting layer has a Shore D hardness ranging from 70 to 90 and a modulus of elasticity (MOE) ranging from 3500MPa to 4500MPa.
[0007] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the supporting layer further comprises an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler accounts for 50%~80%by weight of the supporting layer. The natural porous material accounts for 5%~20%by weight of the supporting layer.
[0008] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the supporting layer further comprises a coupling agent.
[0009] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the supporting layer comprises: the polymeric resin, 100 weight parts; the natural porous material, 20-100 weight parts; the inorganic filler, 50-350 weight parts; and the coupling agent, 2-10 weight parts.
[0010] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the natural porous material is cork granulates.
[0011] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the cork granulates have an average diameter in the range from 0.1mm to 4 mm.
[0012] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the cork granulates have an average diameter in the range from 0.1mm to 0.75 mm.
[0013] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the inorganic filler is dry powder calcium carbonate; the polymeric resin comprises at least one of PVC resin, PET resin, PO resin and PLA resin; and the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.
[0014] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the polymeric resin is PVC resin.
[0015] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the supporting layer has a density ranging from 1600 kg / m3 to 2000 kg / m3.
[0016] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the natural porous material is uniformly distributed in the supporting layer.
[0017] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the supporting layer has a uniform density distribution with deviation from average in any spot of the supporting layer no higher than 50kg / m3.
[0018] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the supporting layer is configured with coupling structures, wherein the coupling structures are formed by cutting at least a portion of the supporting layer for connecting the adjacent ones of a plurality of the surface covering product.
[0019] According to the surface covering product in the first aspect, the surface covering product further comprises a backing layer and a surface ornamental layer. The backing layer is attached to a bottom surface of the supporting layer. The backing layer has smaller hardness and modulus of elasticity than the supporting layer. The surface ornamental layer is attached to a top surface of the supporting layer.
[0020] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a supporting layer of a surface covering product. The method comprises: mixing ingredients for the supporting layer with a high shear mixer till a targeted temperature ranging from 120 ~ 140 ℃ reaches, wherein the ingredients including a polymeric resin and a natural porous material; mixing and cooling the ingredients with at a lower speed than in the high shear mixer; feeding the ingredients into a twin-screw extruder for compounding and extruding a homogeneous polymer sheet with a controlled thickness from an extrusion die of the twin-screw extruder, wherein the temperature setting for the extrusion is 170 ~ 220 ℃ and the exiting material temperature at the extrusion die is about 190 ~ 230 ℃; and feeding the polymer sheet through a two-roll mill to obtain a desired thickness of the supporting layer.
[0021] According to the method in the second aspect, the roll temperature of the two-roll mill is controlled at 170-200℃.
[0022] According to the method in the second aspect, the ingredients further comprise an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler accounts for 50%~80%by the total weight of the ingredients. The natural porous material accounts for 5%~20%by the total weight of the ingredients.
[0023] According to the method in the second aspect, the ingredients further comprise a coupling agent.
[0024] According to the method in the second aspect, the ingredients comprise: the polymeric resin, 100 weight parts; the natural porous material, 20-100 weight parts; the inorganic filler, 50-350 weight parts; and the coupling agent, 2-10 weight parts.
[0025] According to the method in the second aspect, the natural porous material is cork granulates, and the polymeric resin comprises at least one of PVC resin, PET resin, PO resin and PLA resin.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0026] The application will be explained in greater details in the following with reference to the embodiments, referring to the appended drawings, in which:
[0027] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an exemplary surface covering product according to this application.
[0028] FIG. 1B is a section view along A-A line of FIG. 1A.
[0029] FIG. 2 is a cross-section view showing several surface covering products in FIG. 1A coupling together.
[0030] FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the steps for manufacturing the supporting layer in the surface covering product according to this application.
[0031] FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the steps for manufacturing the surface covering product according to this application.
[0032] Detailed Description of the Embodiment
[0033] This application discloses a broad description of various exemplary embodiments of the application. The description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment, as describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. It will be understood that any feature, characteristic, component, composition, ingredient, product, step, or methodology described herein can be deleted, combined with, or substituted for, in whole or part, any other feature, characteristic, component, composition, ingredient, product, step or methodology described herein. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent while still falling within the scope of the claims. All publications and patents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference.
[0034] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. In case of conflict, the present application including the definitions will control. Also, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities, and plural terms shall include the singular. All publications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
[0035] Unless otherwise specified, when the following abbreviations are used herein, they have the following meaning:
[0036] As used herein, the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “includes, ” “including, ” “has, ” “having, ” “contains, ” or “containing, ” or any other variation thereof, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers. For example, a composition, a mixture, a process, a method, an article, or an apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) , and B is false (or not present) , A is false (or not present) , and B is true (or present) , and both A and B are true (or present) .
[0037] Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the application are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances, that is, occurrences of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.
[0038] The term “application” or “present application” as used herein is a non-limiting term and is not intended to refer to any single embodiment of the particular application but encompasses all possible embodiments as described in the application.
[0039] The terms “about” and “approximately, ” when referring to a numerical value or range are intended to encompass the values resulting from experimental error that can occur when taking measurements. Concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or subranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. For example, a weight range of about 1 weight percentage (wt %) to about 20 weight percentage (wt %) should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited concentration limits of 1 wt %to approximately 20 wt %, but also to include individual concentrations such as 2 wt %, 3 wt %, 4 wt %, and sub-ranges such as 5 wt %to 15 wt %, 10 wt %to 20 wt %, etc.
[0040] Now with reference to the figures, a surface covering product 100 according to the application is shown in the perspective view in FIG. 1A and the cross-section view in FIG. 1B. The surface covering product 100 has a layered construction comprising, from top to bottom, a surface ornamental layer 110, a supporting layer 106 and a backing layer 109. The top surface of the supporting layer 106 is attached to the bottom surface of the surface ornamental layer 110. The bottom surface of the supporting layer 106 is attached to the top surface of the backing layer 109. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface covering product 100 has a thickness ranging from 3.2 mm to 11.6 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface ornamental layer 110, the supporting layer 106 and the backing layer 109 are laminated together by hot press lamination. In another exemplary embodiment, the surface ornamental layer 110, the supporting layer 106 and the backing layer 109 are laminated by an adhesive. The adhesive is either a pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive, a polyurethane reactive adhesive, or other types of adhesives appreciated by a professional skilled of art. Although the surface covering product 100 according to FIG. 1A having a layered structure only comprises the surface ornamental layer 110, the supporting layer 106 and the backing layer 109. In an exemplary embodiment, there is at least one additional layer attached on the top and / or the bottom surface of the supporting layer 106. In another exemplary embodiment, the surface covering product 100 only comprises the surface ornamental layer 110 and the supporting layer 106.
[0041] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, the surface ornamental layer 110 has a layered structure comprising, from top to bottom, a scratch resistant coating layer 101, a wear layer 102 and a décor layer 103. These layers can be bonded by hot press lamination or gluing process. The adhesive can be a pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive, a polyurethan reactive adhesive or other types of adhesives appreciated by a professional skilled of art. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the surface ornamental layer 110 ranges from 0.16 mm to 2.6 mm. The surface ornamental layer 110 provides various properties to the surface covering product 100 including, but not limited to, stain resistance, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, slip resistance, indentation resistance, tear resistance, and clarity. Additionally, the surface ornamental layer 110 provides aesthetics to the surface covering product 100 including color, gloss, sheen, and decoration features.
[0042] In an exemplary embodiment of the application, the coat layer 101 is a wear-resistant radiation-cured topcoat. In an exemplary embodiment, the coat layer 101 is an ultra-violet (UV) curing urethane acrylates system with coating weight ranges from 8 grams / m2 to 40 grams / m2. The UV coating can be applied by one station or two stations of a pair of a coater and an UV curing chamber, each UV curing chamber is equipped with roll coaters or an air knife coater, a knife over roll coater, etc. After the coating is applied, the panel with a wet UV coating is carried through a curing chamber comprising of multiple UV lamps, reflectors, and an ancillary equipment such as a blower to release heat buildup inside the curing chamber. Inside the lamp, it can be filled with mercury vapor, Xenon, or other sources to produce the proper wavelength of lights to cure and harden the UV coating on the surface of coverings. In an exemplary embodiment, the coat layer 101 is a two-coat matte finish system having a sealer coat and a topcoat. The curing energy to solidify the liquids of the sealer coat and the topcoat is approximately 550 millijoule / cm2 and 1000 millijoule / cm2 respectively. In another exemplary embodiment, the coat layer 101 is a two-coat finish system cured with a 172nm Excimer UV lamp under nitrogen atmosphere. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the coat layer 101 is approximately 0.01 ~ 0.1mm. The coat layer 101 provides the surface covering product 100 with improved surface properties including stain resistance, anti-microbial function, scuff &scratch and abrasive resistance among others.
[0043] The wear layer 102 can be produced from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyolefins (PO) , polyester (PET) , polylactic acid (PLA) , or other thermoplastic materials. In an exemplary embodiment of the application, the wear layer 102 is made from a transparent PVC composition without containing a phthalate plasticizer component. The transparency of the wear layer 102 allows the aesthetic print on the decor layer 103 to be visible through. Although the thickness of the wear layer 102 may vary, it could be in the range of approximately 0.1m to 1mm. The wear layer 102 provides protection to the aesthetic appearance of the underlying decor layer 103 from foot traffic and other disrupting forces.
[0044] In an exemplary embodiment of the application, the composition of the wear layer 102 includes polyvinyl chloride and at least one plasticizer. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is at least one selected from non-phthalate-type plasticizers such as dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) , 1,2-cyclo-hexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) , Diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEGDB) , Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DPGDB) , and a bio-based plasticizer (i.e., a vegetable oil based PVC plasticizer with major components of Octa-decanoic acid, 10-chloro-9-methoxy-, methyl ester. ) . However, one skilled in the art should appreciate that other plasticizers can be used in other embodiments. In an exemplary embodiment, the wear layer 102 also contains at least one stabilizer such as but not limited to a non-toxic metal soap stabilizer. In some embodiments, calcium stearate, zinc stearate or the mixture thereof is used as the stabilizer. In another exemplary embodiment, the wear layer 102 further contains at least one co-stabilizer such as but not limited to epoxidized soybean oil. In an exemplary embodiment, the wear layer 102 further contains at least one UV light stabilizer. In some embodiments, the UV light stabilizer includes a UV light absorber and a hinder amine to maximize the efficiency of UV light stability. In an exemplary embodiment, the wear layer 102 further contains at least one processing aid.
[0045] The decor layer 103 can be produced by a printed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, printed melamine paper or other printed decorative films. In an exemplary embodiment of the application, the decor layer 103 is a pre-printed PVC film with a thickness ranging from 0.05 to 1.5mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of decor layer 103 is about 0.07mm. In another exemplary embodiment, the décor layer 103 can be natural decorative materials such as but not limited to wood veneer or stone veneer. The decor layer 103 provides the surface covering product 100 with unique aesthetic design and color.
[0046] The supporting layer 106 contains a polymer resin and a natural porous material. In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains a filler and additives. The Shore D hardness of the supporting layer 106 ranges from 70 to 90. In an exemplary embodiment, the Shore D hardness of the supporting layer 106 ranges from 75 to 85. The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) for the supporting layer 106 ranges from 3500MPa to 4500MPa. In an exemplary embodiment, the MOE ranges from 3900MPa to 4300MPa. The density for the supporting layer 106 ranges from 1600 kg / m3 to 2000 kg / m3.
[0047] In an exemplary embodiment of this application, the supporting layer 106 is produced by extrusion process. The porous material is uniformly distributed in the length, width, and thickness of the layer such that the supporting layer 106 has a uniform density distribution with deviation from average in any spot of the supporting layer no higher than 50kg / m3. In another exemplary embodiment, the average density of the supporting layer 106 ranges from 1600 kg / m3 to 1800 kg / m3. The thickness of the supporting layer 106 ranges from 3.0mm to 8.0mm.
[0048] Compared to the generic rigid core layer in flooring product (e.g., Stone Polymeric Composite rigid core) , the supporting layer 106 according to this application provides the surface covering product multiple comparative advantages such as lighter weight and better impact sound insulation due to the porous material addition. Furthermore, the porous material sourced from natural material increases the bio-content for the surface covering product and is more environmentally friendly.
[0049] Coupling structures are incorporated into the supporting layer 106 to interlock with the adjacent surface covering product 100. As illustrated in the figures, the coupling structures comprise a tongue structure 108 and a groove structure 107, which are respectively constructed on the opposite lateral sides of the supporting layer 106. The two adjacent surface covering products 100 are joined together by inserting the tongue structure 108 of one surface covering product 100 into the groove structure 107 of the adjacent surface covering product 100. FIG. 3 provides a cross-sectional view of three coupled surface covering products. As shown in FIG. 1A and 1B, the whole coupling structures can be constructed in the supporting layer 106 with acceptable locking strength due to the modulus and density uniformity in the supporting layer 106. In another exemplary embodiment, the coupling structures can be extended to other layers in the product 100. In another exemplary embodiment, the surface covering product 100 does not contain coupling structures. FIG. 2 provides a cross-sectional view of three coupled surface covering products, namely, 100a, 100b, and 100c.
[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 is produced from a polymeric resin with a natural porous material. The polymeric resin is selected from at least one of thermoplastic materials including, but not limited to, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyolefins (PO) , polyester (PET) , polylactic acid (PLA) , or others alike. In an exemplary embodiment, the polymer resin is PVC. In an exemplary embodiment, the natural porous material is cork granulates. Cork materials derive from the bark of the cork oak trees. Since the bark of cork oak trees can be harvested every 8-14 years, the cork materials are regarded as renewable natural resources. The unique structure and characteristics of the cork materials have brought numerous end-use advantages for products made from cork materials. For example, the abundant close cells in the porous structure of cork materials contains significant amount of air which behaves as insulation to slow down fire spread, sound wave or heat transmission. Furthermore, the cork materials have good elasticity and can recover to original shape after being compressed, which provides cork materials excellent resilience and durability at end-use applications. In an exemplary embodiment of this application, the cork materials as compounded in supporting layer 106 are in granulate formation with an average diameter in the range from 0.1mm to 4 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the average diameter of the cork granulates is in the range from 0.1 mm to 2 mm. In another exemplary embodiment, the average diameter of the cork granulates is in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.75 mm. The fine size of the cork granulates can reduce the possibility for cork granulates sticking out of the supporting layer 106, resulting in an uneven surface.
[0051] In another exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains an inorganic filler to provide the supporting layer 106 with desired hardness and modulus of elasticity. In an exemplary embodiment, the inorganic filler is dry powder calcium carbonate.
[0052] In one embodiment, expressed as parts per hundred parts of the polymeric resin ( “phr” ) , the supporting layer 106 comprises 20 to 100 phr of the natural porous material, and 50 to 350 phr of the inorganic filler. In one embodiment, the supporting layer 106 comprises 5%~20%of the natural porous material by weight of the supporting layer 106 and 50%~80%of the inorganic filler by weight of the supporting layer 106. In another embodiment, the supporting layer 106 comprises 8%~15%of the natural porous material by weight of the supporting layer 106. In yet another embodiment, the supporting layer 106 comprises 50%~60%of the inorganic filler by weight of the supporting layer 106.
[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains at least one type of coupling agents which improves the interface adhesion between the natural porous material with the polymer resin. In an exemplary embodiment, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent including but not limited to at least one of following types: 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Triethoxyvinylsilane, and Vinyltrimethoxysilane. In one embodiment, expressed as parts per hundred parts of the polymeric resin ( “phr” ) , the supporting layer 106 comprises 2 to 10 phr of the coupling agent.
[0054] In another exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains a secondary coupling agent which helps dispersion of the natural porous material in the polymer resin and enhance the interface adhesion. In an exemplary embodiment, the secondary coupling is rosin. In one embodiment, expressed as parts per hundred parts of the polymeric resin ( “phr” ) , the supporting layer 106 comprises 2 to 7 phr of the secondary coupling agent.
[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains at least one type of stabilizers including but not limited to Calcium-Zinc complex stabilizer, Barium-Zinc Stabilizers, or organotin stabilizer. In one embodiment, expressed as parts per hundred parts of the polymeric resin ( “phr” ) , the supporting layer 106 comprises 8 to 14 phr of stabilizer.
[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains at least one type of lubricants. In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 contains at least one type of external lubricants and at least one type of internal lubricants. The internal lubricant includes but not limited to steric acid, fatty acid esters, or paraffin wax. The external lubricant includes but is not limited to polyethylene wax, silicone oil, and metal soaps. In one embodiment, expressed as parts per hundred parts of the polymeric resin ( “phr” ) , the supporting layer 106 comprises no higher than 4 phr of the external lubricant and no higher than 4phr of the internal lubricant.
[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains at least one type of processing aids such as acrylate copolymer (ACR) . In one embodiment, expressed as parts per hundred parts of the polymeric resin ( “phr” ) , the supporting layer 106 comprises 1 to 10 phr of the processing aid.
[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the supporting layer 106 also contains least one type of impact modifiers such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) . In one embodiment, expressed as parts per hundred parts of the polymeric resin ( “phr” ) , the supporting layer 106 comprises no higher than 2-10 phr of the impact modifier.
[0059] The backing layer 109 is made of a flexible material with a cellular structure. The Shore A hardness of the backing layer 109 ranges from 15 to 55, the density ranges from 70 to 400 kg / m3, and the thickness ranges from 0.5 to 2.0mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the density of the backing layer 109 is 100 to 250 kg / m3. In another embodiment, the thickness of the backing layer 109 is 0.7 to 1.5mm. The cellular structure of backing layer 109 contains both open cells and closed cells which improve the acoustic performance of surface covering product 100. In addition, the cellular structure can further reduce the total weight of surface covering product 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the backing layer 109 is a foamed flexible material with a cellular structure which can be at least partially made of one or any combination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyethylene (PE) , polypropylene (PP) , polyolefins (PO) , ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) , and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) . In another exemplary embodiment, the backing layer 109 can be produced from natural porous materials such as cork or fiber filament felt such as non-wovens.
[0060] Now reference to Fig. 3, an exemplary procedure for manufacturing the supporting layer 106 is described. First mix the ingredients based on the exemplary formulation as shown in Table1. In some exemplary embodiments, 100-250 phr of a recycled material are further added to the formulation. The recycled material comes from the in-process waste such as frames, profiling dust, start-up waste etc. The recycled material has the same or very similar composition as described in the exemplary formulation of Table 1. The addition of the recycled material reduces the waste and facilitates the plasticization process during extrusion since the recycled material has been plasticized.
[0061] Table 1 Exemplary formulation for the exemplary procedure for manufacturing the supporting layer 106
[0062] The process procedure for making the supporting layer 106 is described below.
[0063] 1) All the ingredients based on the formulation for the supporting layer 106 are accurately fed / dosed into a high shear mixer and mixed for 10~15 minutes till the targeted temperature reaches. Once the mixing ingredients temperature reaches about 120 ~ 140 ℃, the mixture is discharged into a cold mixer. The mixture is mixed in the cold mixer at relatively lower speed for about 10~20 minutes until the temperature cools down to 30 ~ 45 ℃.
[0064] 2) The uniformly mixed ingredients are then fed into a twin-screw extruder for further compounding and plasticization. In an exemplary embodiment, the twin-screw in the extruder can be of either conical or parallel screw configuration. The sufficiently processed ingredients are pushed by the screw rotation through an extrusion die and forms a homogeneous polymer sheet with a controlled thickness. In an embodiment, the temperature setting for the extrusion is 170 ~ 220 ℃ and the exiting material temperature at extrusion die is about 190 ~ 230 ℃.
[0065] 3) After the extrusion die, the polymer sheet in a soft status goes through a two-roll mill to further adjust the thickness to target. During this process, the roll temperature of the two-roll mill is controlled at 170-200℃.
[0066] 4) The sheet with a desired thickness then is conveyed through a cooling bracket, an edge trimming device for width control, and precision cutting into slabs with desired dimensions.
[0067] Now reference to Fig. 4, the procedure to produce the flooring covering product 100 is described. The manufacturing process for the surface covering product 100 is to attach the following pre-produced layers together in the listed sequence, including the wear layer 102, the décor layer 103, the supporting layer 106 and the backing layer 109. The bonding of these layers can be obtained by either gluing or thermal lamination process. In an exemplary embodiment, the wear layer 102, the décor layer 103 and the supporting layer 106 are laminated together by a continuous roller lamination process. In another exemplary embodiment, the wear layer 102, the décor layer 103 and the supporting layer 106 are laminated by a batch based hot press process. After lamination, an ultra-violet (UV) curing urethane acrylates coating has been applied on the top surface of the wear layer 102 to obtain the coating layer 101. In an exemplary embodiment, the coat layer 101 is a two-coat matte finish system having a sealer coat and a topcoat. The sealer coat has coating weight ranges from 7 to 12 g / m2 and cured with curing energy about 350 millijoule / cm2. The topcoat has coating weight ranges from 9 to 15 g / m2 and cured with energy no lower than 700 millijoule / cm2. After the lamination and the UV coating process, the backing layer 109 is attached to the bottom of the supporting layer 106 by either the gluing or the thermal bonding process to obtain a large floor slab. Then the floor slab is slit into desired size by rip saw. The last step is to cut the coupling structures on the lateral edges on the supporting layer 106 by a profiling machine and obtain the final formation of the surface covering product 100.
[0068] Several examples according to this application and a few comparative examples are described below.
[0069] Application Example I
[0070] The surface covering product 100 according to this example comprises the supporting layer 106 produced based on the procedure as described above. In this example, the total thickness of the surface covering product 100 has dimension of thickness of 5.0 mm, width 177.8mm and length 1212.85 mm. The layered structure of the surface covering product 100 comprises, from top to bottom, the surface ornamental layer 110 and the supporting layer 106.
[0071] The surface ornamental layer 110 comprises a UV curing urethane acrylate coating layer 101, a transparent PVC wear layer 102 and a pre-printed PVC décor layer 103. The total thickness of the surface ornamental layer 110 is 0.55 mm.
[0072] The supporting layer 106 is produced by an extrusion process with a PVC resin, calcium carbonate dry powder, cork granulates and additives. The supporting layer has Shore D hardness of 80, Modules of Elasticity (MOE) of 4100 MPa, density of 1680 kg / m3 and thickness of 4.5mm. The average diameter of the cork granulate is 1.0 mm. The weight percentage of the major ingredients in the total weight of the supporting layer 106 are 57.3%of the calcium carbonate, 22.9%of the PVC resin and 11.5%of the cork granulates. The formulation of the supporting layer 106 according to this example is described as below table.
[0073] Table 2 Formulation of the supporting layer 106 in Application Example I
[0074] Application Example II
[0075] The surface covering product 100 according to this example comprises the supporting layer 106 produced based on the procedure as described above. In this example, the total thickness of the surface covering product 100 has dimension of thickness of 6.0 mm, width 177.8mm and length 1212.85 mm. The layered structure of the surface covering product 100 comprises, from top to bottom, the surface ornamental layer 110, the supporting layer 106 and the backing layer 109. The surface ornamental layer 110 and the supporting layer 106 according to this example are same as the corresponding layers in Application Example I. The only difference between this example and the Application Example I is that the surface covering product 100 according to this example contains the backing layer 109. The backing layer 109 is a cork pad comprising compressed cork granulates and a polyurethane adhesive as binder. The thickness of the backing layer 109 is 1.0 mm and the density ranges from 200 to 300 kg / m3.
[0076] Application Example III
[0077] The surface covering product 100 according to this example comprises the supporting layer 106 produced based on the procedure as described above. In this example, the total thickness of the surface covering product 100 has dimension of thickness of 5.0 mm, width 177.8mm and length 1212.85mm. The layered structure of the surface covering product 100 comprises, from top to bottom, the surface ornamental layer 110 and the supporting layer 106. The surface ornamental layer 110 according to this example is same as the surface ornamental layer in Application Example I.
[0078] The supporting layer 106 is produced by extrusion process with PVC resin, calcium carbonate dry powder, cork granulates and additives. The supporting layer has Shore D hardness of 82, Modules of Elasticity (MOE) of 4205 MPa, density of 1857 kg / m3 and thickness of 4.5mm. The average diameter of the cork granulates is 0.7 mm. The weight percentage of major ingredients in the total weight of the supporting layer 106 are 57.5%of calcium carbonate, 23.0%of PVC and 11.5%of cork granulates. The formulation of the supporting layer 106 according to this example is described as below table.
[0079] Table 3 Formulation of the supporting layer 106 in Application Example III
[0080] Application Example IV
[0081] The surface covering product 100 according to this example comprises the supporting layer 106 produced based on the procedure as described above. In this example, the total thickness of the surface covering product 100 has dimension of thickness of 6.0 mm, width 177.8mm and length 1212.85 mm. The layer structure of surface covering product 100 comprises, from top to bottom, the surface ornamental layer 110, the supporting layer 106 and the backing layer 109. The surface ornamental layer 110 and the supporting layer 106 according to this example are same as the corresponding layers in Application Example III. The only difference between this example and the Application Example III is that the surface covering product 100 according to this example contains the backing layer 109. The backing layer 109 is a cork pad comprising compressed cork granulates and a polyurethane adhesive as binder. The thickness of the backing layer 109 is 1.0 mm and density ranges from 200 to 300 kg / m3.
[0082] Comparative Example I
[0083] The surface covering product produced according to this example indicates a typical PVC rigid product or so-called SPC (Stone Plastic Composite) flooring product. This example has similar layered structure as the preceding application examples. In this example, the total thickness of the surface covering product has dimension of thickness of 5.0 mm, width 177.8mm and length 1212.85 mm. The layered structure comprises, from top to bottom, the surface ornamental layer and the supporting layer. The surface ornamental layer is same as that of the Application Example I. The supporting layer is produced with a similar extrusion process as the process procedure as described in previous context in this application.
[0084] The supporting layer in this comparative example is made from a rigid PVC material without containing natural porous materials. The supporting layer has Shore D hardness of 85, Modules of Elasticity (MOE) of 6500 MPa, density of 2000 kg / m3 and thickness of 4.5mm. The weight percentage of the major ingredients in the total weight of the supporting layer 106 are 72.6%of calcium carbonate and 22.3%of PVC resin.
[0085] Comparative Example II
[0086] The surface covering product produced according to this example indicates a typical PVC rigid product or so-called SPC (Stone Plastic Composite) flooring product. In this example, the total thickness of the surface covering product 100 has dimension of thickness of 6.0 mm, width 177.8mm and length 1212.85 mm. The layered structure of surface covering product comprises, from top to bottom, the surface ornamental layer, the supporting layer and the backing layer. The surface ornamental layer and the supporting layer according to this example are same as the corresponding layers in Comparative Example I. The only difference between this example and the Comparative Example I is that the surface covering product according to this example contains the backing layer. The backing layer is a cork pad comprising compressed cork granulates and a polyurethane adhesive as binder. The thickness of backing layer is 1.0 mm and density ranges from 200 to 300 kg / m3.
[0087] Test Results
[0088] All the samples of the application examples and the comparative examples have been subjected to the following tests:
[0089] · The acoustic test was performed in a self-developed acoustic testing facility simulating the impact sound insulation class (IIC) rating according to ASTM E492. A higher IIC means better sound insulation.
[0090] · Following similar concept as EN 16205 method, acoustic test was performed per self-developed test method to assess the noise radiated from the product while receiving impact. The impact was generated by a dropped steel ball instead of tapping machine as described in EN 16205. The product subjected to test was first acclimated in room temperature (25oC) for 24 hours. Then the product was placed on a flat surface in a specially constructed room with concrete walls and sealed door which can effectively block the ambient noise. Then a solid steel ball with diameter of 36.5 mm and weight of about 198 grams free fell from 1 meter height onto the deco surface of the test sample. A sound receiving device was placed in a fixed location in the same room and the sound pressure generated by the steel ball impact on the sample product was measured. Then the sound receiving device would send a signal to a connected computational apparatus to output the result expressed in the unit of decibel (dB) . The lower number in this test indicates better acoustic performance in terms of noise radiation.
[0091] · Residue indentation was performed according to ASTM F1914.
[0092] · The locking strength test was performed according to ISO 24334. The result is expressed in the unit of kN / m where kN indicates the destruction force of the locking and m indicates the average width of the sample surface of the clamped side of the test specimen.
[0093] · The dimensional stability test was performed according to ISO 23999.
[0094] The results are shown in Table 4 below:
[0095] Table 4 Test results comparison for the application examples and the comparative examples
[0096] Based on the test results listed in the Table 4, it is clear that the surface covering products according to this application perform equal or better than the comparative examples with same construction in terms of acoustic properties including both sound insulation class and sound radiation by impact. All these improvements have been achieved with satisfactory values for other critical physical properties such as indentation, locking strength and dimensional stability. And the surface covering products according to this application have lower density compared with the comparative examples. Furthermore, thanks to the unique formulation containing the natural porous materials, the surface covering products according to this application also have a high bio-based carbon content of 33%measured based on ASTM D6866-22 indicating high renewable biomass.
[0097] As a summary, the product according to this application has achieved at least the following technical effects:
[0098] · Due to the unique formulation containing a natural porous material in the supporting layer 106, the surface covering product 100 according to this application has lower density compared with the generic PVC rigid product in the market, which bring benefits for product transportation, handling, and installation.
[0099] · The supporting layer 106 according to this application does not contain a foaming agent and contains no plasticizer or trace amount of plasticizer, which minimizes the environmental impact during both production process and disposable / recycling at end of product life cycle.
[0100] · The surface covering product 100 according to this application contains a natural porous material in the supporting layer 106, which remarkably improves the bio-mass content based on the bio-carbon content analysis following ASTM D6866-22 method. The high bio-mass content significantly reduces the total carbon footprint for the whole life cycle of this product.
[0101] · The natural porous materials in the supporting layer 106 create numerous air pores in the surface covering product 100 according to this application. These air pores can rapidly dissipate the sound energy while transmitting through, which provides this surface covering product exceptional acoustic properties including both sound insulation class and sound radiation by impact. Furthermore, this unique structure also provides good foot feel while stepping on the surface covering product according to this application.
[0102] · The supporting layer 106 in the surface covering product 100 according to this application has a balanced characteristics between rigidity and elasticity. The rigidity endows the surface covering product 100 with satisfactory indentation resistance and locking strength for the coupling structure. And the flexibility ensures acoustic performance and comfortable feel.
Claims
1.A surface covering product characterized by comprising:a supporting layer including a polymer resin and a natural porous material, wherein the supporting layer has a Shore D hardness ranging from 70 to 90 and a modulus of elasticity (MOE) ranging from 3500MPa to 4500MPa.2.The surface covering product according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe supporting layer further comprises an inorganic filler;wherein the inorganic filler accounts for 50%~80%by weight of the supporting layer, and the natural porous material accounts for 5%~20%by weight of the supporting layer.3.The surface covering product according to claim 2, characterized in thatthe supporting layer further comprises a coupling agent.4.The surface covering product according to claim 3, characterized in that the supporting layer comprises:the polymeric resin, 100 weight parts;the natural porous material, 20-100 weight parts;the inorganic filler, 50-350 weight parts; andthe coupling agent, 2-10 weight parts.5.The surface covering product according to claim 4, characterized in thatthe natural porous material is cork granulates.6.The surface covering product according to claim 5, characterized in thatthe cork granulates have an average diameter in the range from 0.1mm to 4 mm.7.The surface covering product according to claim 6, characterized in thatthe cork granulates have an average diameter in the range from 0.1mm to 0.75 mm.8.The surface covering product according to claim 4, characterized in thatthe inorganic filler is dry powder calcium carbonate;the polymeric resin comprises at least one of PVC resin, PET resin, PO resin and PLA resin; andand the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.9.The surface covering product according to claim 8, characterized in thatthe polymeric resin is PVC resin.10.The surface covering product according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe supporting layer has a density ranging from 1600 kg / m3 to 2000 kg / m3.11.The surface covering product according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe natural porous material is uniformly distributed in the supporting layer.12.The surface covering product according to claim 11, characterized in thatthe supporting layer has a uniform density distribution with deviation from average in any spot of the supporting layer no higher than 50kg / m3.13.The surface covering product according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe supporting layer is configured with coupling structures, wherein the coupling structures are formed by cutting at least a portion of the supporting layer for connecting the adjacent ones of a plurality of the surface covering product.14.The surface covering product according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:a backing layer attached to a bottom surface of the supporting layer, wherein the backing layer has smaller hardness and modulus of elasticity than the supporting layer; anda surface ornamental layer attached to the top surface of the supporting layer.15.A method for manufacturing a supporting layer of a surface covering product, characterized by comprising:mixing ingredients for the supporting layer with a high shear mixer till a targeted temperature ranging from 120 ~ 140 ℃ reaches, wherein the ingredients include a polymeric resin and a natural porous material;mixing and cooling the ingredients with a cold mixer at a lower speed than in the high shear mixer;feeding the ingredients into a twin-screw extruder for compounding and extruding a homogeneous polymer sheet with a controlled thickness from an extrusion die of the twin-screw extruder, wherein the temperature setting for the extrusion is 170 ~ 220 ℃ and the exiting material temperature at the extrusion die is about 190 ~ 230 ℃; andfeeding the polymer sheet through a two-roll mill to obtain the desired thickness of the supporting layer.16.The method for manufacturing a supporting layer for a surface covering product according to claim 15, characterized in thatthe roll temperature of the two-roll mill is controlled at 170-200℃.17.The method for manufacturing a supporting layer for a surface covering product according to claim 16, characterized in thatthe ingredients further comprise an inorganic filler;wherein the inorganic filler accounts for 50%~80%by the total weight of the ingredients, and the natural porous material accounts for 5%~20%by the total weight of the ingredients.18.The method for manufacturing a supporting layer for a surface covering product according to claim 17, characterized in thatthe ingredients further comprise a coupling agent.19.The method for manufacturing a supporting layer for a surface covering product according to claim 18, characterized in that the ingredients comprise:the polymeric resin, 100 weight parts;the natural porous material, 20-100 weight parts;the inorganic filler, 50-350 weight parts; andthe coupling agent, 2-10 weight parts.20.The method for manufacturing a supporting layer for a surface covering product according to claim 19, characterized in thatthe natural porous material is cork granulates; andthe polymeric resin comprises at least one PVC resin, PET resin, PET resin, PO resin and PLA resin.
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