Access control in centralized unit split architecture
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077170
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
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Figure CN2024077170_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ACCESS CONTROL IN CENTRALIZED UNIT SPLIT ARCHITECTURE
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for access control in a Centralized Unit (CU) split architecture.BACKGROUND
[0003] In the current 5th generation (5G) gNB split architecture or a Centralized Unit-Distributed Unit (CU-DU) split architecture, access control in various situations is performed at the CU based on the Mobility Restriction List (MRL) specific to each User Equipment (UE) . This is because the Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling terminates at the CU. The MRL helps determine the access permissions and restrictions for each UE, ensuring efficient management of network resources and maintaining control over UE mobility.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: determine, after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; and transmit, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
[0005] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: receive, from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message; and store the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.
[0006] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining, at a first apparatus after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
[0007] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a second apparatus from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message; and storing the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.
[0008] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for determining, after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
[0009] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message; and means for storing the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.
[0010] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the third aspect.
[0011] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0012] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of a gNB-CU split architecture;
[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart for an example process of access control in a CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart for an example process of access control in a CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart for an example process of access control in a CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0022] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0025] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0026] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0027] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0028] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0029] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0030] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0031] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0032] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0033] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0034] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0035] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0036] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0037] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0038] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0039] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0040] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0041] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0042] As described above, in the context of 5G, access control in various situations is carried out at the CU based on the MRL specific to each UE. However, for the upcoming 6G, efforts are being made to simplify the F1 Application Protocol (AP) and reduce UE Control Plane (CP) latency by improving the CU-DU split, which refers to the distribution of responsibilities / functions between these two nodes.
[0043] The performance gap in CP latency between a monolithic gNB and a disaggregated gNB (CU-CP-DU split) is primarily attributed to the numerous back-and-forth messages exchanged between the CU and the DU during RRC mobility and access-related procedures. To address this challenge, new solutions are explored to optimize existing RRC procedures and reduce the number of F1 AP messages. These efforts aim to enhance the efficiency and performance of the 6G network architecture.
[0044] Network access control is a crucial mechanism for restricting unauthorized users (UEs) from accessing network resources during mobility or RRC connection establishment or re-establishment. The core challenge of network access control revolves around determining which cell the UE is attempting to access and whether this cell is included in the list of "restricted" or "allowed" cells for that particular UE.
[0045] Since this check is specific to each UE, it must be performed in real-time during certain UE CP procedures. Although the DUs within a gNB own the cells and radio resources, the CP for these cells is primarily situated in the Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP) . In terms of access control, this implies that the CU-CP carries out the aforementioned check because the RRC signaling terminates at the CU-CP.
[0046] To facilitate this process, the MRL can be delivered to the CU-CP by the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , which is responsible for maintaining this information for the UE. The MRL can be provided during the Initial Context Setup, as well as during a handover request initiated by the source CU-CP. This ensures that the CU-CP has the necessary information to perform access control effectively.
[0047] If the MRL is available, it is stored in the UE Context. The MRL is then utilized in subsequent mobility actions, such as selecting the appropriate target cells during handovers. Additionally, when the UE is transitioned to the RRC inactive state, the MRL helps in selecting the correct RAN-based Notification Area (RNA) cells. These actions, involving the selection of target cells and RNA cells, are carried out by the CU-CP.
[0048] There are some specific examples of access control in 5G. For example, for intra-gNB mobility in RRC_CONNECTED, the access control (i.e., which cells at the target gNB a UE can access) is performed at the source CU-CP. For inter-gNB mobility, when a UE moves between different gNBs, access control is handled at the source CU-CP. For RRC inactive state, when a UE transitions from the RRC inactive state to the RRC_CONNECTED state, the DU transfers the RRC message to the CU. The CU is responsible for handling the RRC message and performing access control in this state.
[0049] In the current 3GPP specification, the RRC signaling is terminated at the CU, specifically the CU-CP. In addition, access control in the aforementioned three scenarios is also performed at the CU-CP. This arrangement is made possible through the forwarding of UE RRC messages, which includes UE cell signal measurements (e.g., UE-specific F1 messages) , from the DU to the CU. By centralizing the RRC termination and access control at the CU-CP, it becomes feasible to handle these functions effectively.
[0050] Furthermore, the CU-CP acts as the owner of the necessary information, such as the MRL, which is used to restrict the UE's access to certain cells or RNA. Even if the cells themselves are "owned" by the DU, the CU-CP has authority over the access control decisions based on the provided information.
[0051] The current specification poses a challenge in terms of access control because it is not performed at the first Network Element (NE) , which is the DU, in the disaggregated architecture. In a monolithic gNB design, this issue does not arise because there is no F1 interface, and the CU and DU essentially function as the same NE within the gNB.
[0052] However, the rise of cloud RAN technology is expected to lead to an increase in disaggregated gNB deployments, where the CU is centralized and the RU (Radio Unit) and DU are distributed. In such deployments, the access control process may need to be reconsidered and optimized to address the challenges introduced by the disaggregated architecture.
[0053] Some technical situations are expected to be improved. For example, when the UE performs mobility in RRC_CONNECTED or RRC_INACTIVE states, the DU acts as a proxy to relay RRC messages between the UE and CU for access control in the CU. However, this approach introduces delays in access control decisions and consumes unnecessary resources in both the DU and CU due to redundant signaling procedures.
[0054] For another example, in the case of inactive mobility, where the UE wants to resume the RRC connection by sending an RRC resume request, unnecessary forwarding of these request messages to the CU should be avoided, especially if they are later rejected.
[0055] For further example, access control, for Closed Access Group (CAG) UEs, is performed at a later stage of the procedures, such as at gNB-CUs or AMF, based on the scenario. It would be beneficial to optimize this process.
[0056] Therefore, the present disclosure proposes a mechanism for access control in a CU split architecture. In this solution, a CU transmit to a DU one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for a context setup procedure associated with a UE in a UE context setup request via a F1 message. The DU stores the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction. In this way, an early access control can be performed by DU in different scenarios.
[0057] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0058] FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In the environment 100, a CU split architecture is illustrated. In this CU split architecture, a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120 are shown and they may communicate with each other. In some example embodiments, at least a part of functionalities of a network device (e.g., a gNB) may be configured to be performed by the first apparatus 110, and at least another part of functionalities of the network device may be configured to be performed by the second apparatus 120.
[0059] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may comprise or may be a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device, for example, a gNB-CU-CP. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 may comprise a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, for example, a gNB-DU.
[0060] In some example embodiments, the example environment 100 may further comprises a third apparatus 130, which may be, for example, operated as a terminal device (e.g., a UE) . The third apparatus 130 may communicate with the second apparatus 120.
[0061] In example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may communicate with a plurality of second apparatuses 120. For example, the gNB-CU-CP may communicate with one or more gNB-DUs via an F1 connection. More details in this regard will be discussed with FIG. 2 as follows.
[0062] It is to be understood that the number of second apparatus and first apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of second apparatus and first apparatus.
[0063] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the first apparatus 110 operating as a gNB-CU-CP and the second apparatus 120 operating as a gNB-DU. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a gNB-CU-CP may be implemented at other suitable device, and operations described in connection with a gNB-DU may be implemented at other suitable device as well.
[0064] Communications between a network device and other devices in the environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0065] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of a gNB-CU split architecture 200. As shown, the architecture 200 involves a gNB-CU-CP 210, a plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 and a plurality of gNB-DUs 230. The architecture 200 may be implemented as a gNB disaggregated CU-DU split architecture. In some examples, the gNB-CU-CP 210, the plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 and the plurality of gNB-DUs 230 may be associated with one cloud gNB or one cloud RAN.
[0066] In some scenarios, one gNB-DU 230 may be connected to only one gNB-CU-CP 210 and one gNB-CU-UP 210 may be connected to only one gNB-CU-CP 210. In some other scenarios, for resiliency, one gNB-DU 230 and / or one gNB-CU-UP 220 may be connected to multiple gNB-CU-CPs 210 by appropriate implementation. In these cases, one gNB-DU 230 may be connected to a plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 under the control of the same gNB-CU-CP 210 and one gNB-CU-UP 220 may be connected to a plurality of gNB-DUs 230 under the control of the same gNB-CU-CP 210.
[0067] In some examples, the connectivity between the gNB-CU-UP 220 and the gNB-DU 230 is established by the gNB-CU-CP 210 using Bearer Context Management functions. The gNB-CU-CP 210 selects the appropriate gNB-CU-UP (s) for the requested services for the UE.
[0068] In some examples, the gNB-CU-CP 210 may communicate with a plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 via an E1 connections. The gNB-CU-CP 210 may communicate with a plurality of gNB-DUs 230 via F1 connections (also referred to as F1-C connections) .
[0069] In some examples, the gNB-CU-UP 220 may communicate with the gNB-DUs 230 via F1 connections (also referred to as F1-U connections) .
[0070] In some examples, gNB-CU-UP (s) may report load status to the gNB-CU-CP 210 via E1 connection (s) . In some cases, if a gNB-CU-UP 220 overloads, it may use the GNB-CU-UP STATUS INDICATION message to indicate overload status. Then the gNB-CU-CP 210 may apply overload reduction actions until informed, with a new GNB-CU-UP STATUS INDICATION message, that the overload situation has ceased. In this way, the gNB-CU-UP 220 may report to the gNB-CU-CP 210 initiatively.
[0071] In some other cases, the gNB-CU-CP 210 may obtain load status of a gNB-CU-UP 220 by initiating a RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message explicitly to start a measurement or stop the measurement. If the gNB-CU-UP 220 is capable to provide all requested resource status information, it may initiate the measurement as requested by the gNB-CU-CP 210 and respond to the gNB-CU-CP 210 with the RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE message. In this way, the gNB-CU-CP 210 may request the gNB-CU-UP 220 to measure and report load status.
[0072] In some examples, gNB-DU (s) may report load status to a gNB-CU-CP via F1 connection. In some cases, a gNB-DU 230 may transmit Overload Information IE in the GNB-DU STATUS INDICATION message indicates that the gNB-DU 230 overloads, and the gNB-CU-CP 210 may apply overload reduction actions until informed, with a new GNB-DU STATUS INDICATION message, that the overload situation has ceased.
[0073] In some other cases, if the gNB-CU-CP 210 initiates a procedure by transmitting the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message to the gNB-DU 230 to start a measurement, stop a measurement or add cells to report for a measurement. In some other cases, the gNB-DU 230 may report results of admitted measurements in RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message. The admitted measurements may be the measurements that were successfully initiated during the preceding Resource Status Reporting Initiation procedure.
[0074] The reference now is made to FIG. 3, which shows a signaling chart for an example process 300 of the access control in a CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve the first apparatus 110, the second apparatus 120 and the third apparatus 130. Furthermore, the example process 300 may also involve a fourth apparatus 301, which may be considered as a network function in core network, such as an AMF.
[0075] As shown in FIG. 3, a F1 AP connection is established (304) between the first apparatus 110 operating, for example, as a CU and the second apparatus 120 operating, for example, as a DU.
[0076] During a connection setup, e.g., an RRC connection setup, procedure, the third apparatus 130, for example, operating as a UE, may transmit (306) an RRC setup request to the second apparatus 120. After signaling exchanges such as initial UL RRC message transfer and DL RRC message transfer (actions 308 and 310) between the second apparatus 120 and the first apparatus 110, the second apparatus 120 may transmit (312) an RRC setup message to the third apparatus, to establish a signaling radio bearer.
[0077] After the RRC setup has been completed at the third apparatus 130, the third apparatus 130 may transmit (314) RRC setup complete message to the second apparatus 120. The second apparatus 120 may indicate (316) , to the first apparatus 110, the RRC setup has been completed via UL RRC message transfer.
[0078] Then the first apparatus 110 may inform (318) the fourth apparatus 301 about the access of the third apparatus 130 via an initial UE message. The fourth apparatus 301 may transmit (320) an initial UE context setup request to the first apparatus 110.
[0079] During the UE context setup procedure, the first apparatus 110 may transmit (322) , to the second apparatus 120, one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction, e.g., via a UE context setup request. The UE context setup request from the first apparatus 110 to the second apparatus may be transmitted via a F1 message.
[0080] In addition to the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction, the first apparatus 110 may transmit, to the second apparatus 120, one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message, . The the connection related message may be transmitted to the second apparatus 120 via a F1 interface.
[0081] For example, one or more RRC keys for at least one RRC message may be transmitted to the second apparatus 120 via the UE context setup request. The one or more RRC keys can be used by the second apparatus 120 to open the RRC message.
[0082] For example, the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction may comprise at least one parameter in the MRL. As an example, the MRL may considered as a new information element (IE) in the UE context setup request. An example of format of UE context setup request message is listed as below:
[0083] Table 1
[0084] There is a plurality of parameters defined in MRL. The one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction may be selected from the MRL listed as below:
[0085] In some embodiments, the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction may comprise an allowed CAG list. As listed above, the MRL has “NPN Mobility Information” included. The allowed CAG for the UE can be in “NPN Mobility Information” IE.
[0086] Specification, the “NPN Mobility Information” may comprise PNI-NPN Mobility Information, which contains an allowed PNI-NPN List, which is shown as below:
[0087] Table 3
[0088] Allowed PNI-NPN List may comprise “Allowed CAG List per PLMN” , which is shown as below:
[0089] Table 4
[0090] Furthermore, “Allowed CAG List per PLMN” may include “CAG ID” , which is listed as below:
[0091] Table 5
[0092] Upon receiving the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction and the one or more RRC keys, the second apparatus 120 may store (324) them to later access control.
[0093] After transmitting (326) to the third apparatus 130, the second apparatus 120 transmits a UE context setup response, which is extended by adding MRL. An example of UE context setup response is listed as below.
[0094] Table 6
[0095] It is to be understood that the MRL may be used as an example content for the restriction list. The restriction to reject some measurement may be also triggered by any other reason.
[0096] Based on the solution described with reference to FIG. 3, a gNB-CU-CP may deliver the MRL parameters or part of it (at least the allowed CAG list) received from AMF to gNB-DU via F1-C interface during UE context setup. In addition, the gNB-CU-CP delivers the restriction rules together with the needed security keys for gNB-DU to open the measurement result in DU, which allows both DU and CU to access needed RRC messages.
[0097] Once the DU has used the key and after that receives a measurement report or any other RRC message not needing filtering it delivers the RRC message for CU with the latest key content to allow CU to continue RRC procedures. That is, CU is asking DU to handle RRC messages until there comes a message that needs to be handled in CU.
[0098] The second apparatus 120 may perform the access control by using the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction in different scenarios. For example, the gNB-DU determines if a UE is allowed to access the network or not according to the received one or more parameters, for example, for a handover case where the UE’s initial registration is done at DU. Furthermore, the access control may also occur when an RRC resume is requested of a UE.
[0099] Hereinafter the access control performed by the second apparatus 120 will be further described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
[0100] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart for an example process 400 of access control in a CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve the first apparatus 110, the second apparatus 120 and the third apparatus 130. Furthermore, the example process 400 may also involve a further second apparatus 401 operating as a further DU, which may manage a target cell of a handover procedure of the third apparatus 130.
[0101] As described with reference to FIG. 3, the second apparatus 120 has been configured with the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction and one or more RRC keys associated with at least one RRC message.
[0102] The reference is now made to FIG. 4, the third apparatus 130 may transmit (404) a measurement report to the second apparatus 120. The measurement report may include a target cell identifier (ID) . For example, an ID of a target cell controlled by the further second apparatus 401. The measurement report may also include a CAG ID and other information associated with the handover of the third apparatus 130.
[0103] Upon receiving the measurement report, the second apparatus 120 may determine (406) whether the third apparatus 130 is allowed to access the target cell indicated by the measurement report. For example, the second apparatus 120 may check, based on the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction previously obtained by the first apparatus 110, whether the target cell is allowed to be accessed by the third apparatus 130. In other words, the second apparatus 120 may check whether the ID of the target cell indicated by the measurement report belongs to a cell list allowed for the third apparatus 130.
[0104] If the second apparatus 120 determines that the third apparatus 130 is not allowed to access the target cell indicated by the measurement report, the second apparatus 120 may reject the access and deliver no message to the first apparatus 110.
[0105] Additionally or optionally, the second apparatus 120 may transmit (408) to the third apparatus 130 a RRC reconfiguration message to indicate the target cell indicated by the measurement report is to be removed. It is also possible that the second apparatus 120 may indicate the third apparatus 130, e.g., by the RRC reconfiguration message, to remove the target cell from the measurement report and / or stop or re-start a measurement on the target cell after a time interval.
[0106] If the second apparatus 120 determines that the third apparatus 130 is allowed to access the target cell indicated by the measurement report, the second apparatus 120 may deliver (410) measurement result of the measurement report to the first apparatus 110 and also the latest RRC keys to indicate the filtering task completed and move of RRC message handling back to the first apparatus 110.
[0107] After that, the first apparatus 110 may transmit (412) a UE context modification request to the second apparatus 120 and the second apparatus 120 may response the first apparatus 110 with a UE context modification response. The following procedure / signaling associated with the handover will not be described here.
[0108] It is to be understood that for gNB-CU initiated modification, e.g., UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST &UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION RESPONSE may be extended to include MRL IE. For gNB-DU initiated modification, e.g., UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUIRED &UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION CONFIRM may be extended to include MRL IE.
[0109] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart for an example process 500 of access control in a CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve the first apparatus 110, the second apparatus 120 and the third apparatus 130. Furthermore, the example process 500 may also involve a fourth apparatus 501, which may be considered as a network function in core network, such as an AMF.
[0110] As described with reference to FIG. 3, the second apparatus 120 has been configured with the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction and one or more RRC keys associated with at least one RRC message.
[0111] The reference is now made to FIG. 5, a F1 AP connection is established (502) between the first apparatus 110 operating, for example, as a CU and the second apparatus 120 operating, for example, as a DU. The third apparatus 130 is currently in an inactive state.
[0112] The third apparatus 130 may transmit (504) a RRC resume request to the second apparatus 120. Then the second apparatus 120 may check (506) whether the third apparatus 130 is allowed to access the network, e.g., access the first apparatus 110 by using the one or more parameters associated with UE mobility restriction stored in the second apparatus 120.
[0113] As an option, if the second apparatus 120 determines that the third apparatus 130 is not allowed to access the network, the second apparatus 120 may reject (512) the access, for example, by sending a RRCReject message to the third apparatus 130.
[0114] The second apparatus 120 may also transmit (514) a UE context release request to the first apparatus 110, to indicate the first apparatus 110 to release the context of the third apparatus 130. The first apparatus 110 then may deliver the UE context release request to the fourth apparatus 501, to indicate the fourth apparatus 501 to release the context of the third apparatus 130.
[0115] As another option, if the second apparatus 120 determines that the third apparatus 130 is allowed to access the network, a normal RRC resume procedure will be performed, which is omitted here.
[0116] Based on the solution of the present disclosure, gNB-DU determines if a UE is allowed to access the network or not according to the received MRL or subset of MRL parameters received from CU and by inspecting RRC signaling or parts of it during UE connection establishment via a CAG cell. That is, access control is performed at the DU instead of CU / CU-CP in disaggregated architecture, which may reduce the network load on the F1 interfaces.
[0117] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of an example method 600 implemented at a first device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0118] At block 610, the first apparatus 110 determines, after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus.
[0119] At block 620, the first apparatus 110 transmits, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the connection related message is transmitted to the second apparatus via a F1 interface.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, a measurement report associated with an access of the third apparatus to a target cell along with the one or more connection keys.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.
[0128] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at a second device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0129] At block 710, the second apparatus 120 receives, from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
[0130] At block 720, the second apparatus 120 stores the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the connection related message is received from the first apparatus via a F1 interface.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.
[0134] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: receiving, from the first apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: receiving a measurement report from the third apparatus; determining, based on the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to access to a target cell indicated by the measurement report; and in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to access to the target cell, rejecting the third apparatus to access the target cell.
[0137] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: transmitting, to the third apparatus, a RRC reconfiguration message indicating the third apparatus to remove the target cell from the measurement report and / or stop or re-start a measurement on the target cell after a time interval.
[0138] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is allowed to access to the target cell, delivering, to the first apparatus, the measurement report along with the one or more RRC keys.
[0139] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: receiving a RRC resume request from the third apparatus; determining, based on the one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to resume a connection with the first apparatus; and in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to resume the connection, transmitting a RRC reject message to the third apparatus.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.
[0141] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.
[0142] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 600 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0143] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for determining, after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.
[0145] In some example embodiments, the connection related message is transmitted to the second apparatus via a F1 interface.
[0146] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.
[0148] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus, a measurement report associated with an access of the third apparatus to a target cell along with the one or more connection keys.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.
[0151] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600 or the first apparatus 110. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the first apparatus.
[0153] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message; and means for storing the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the connection related message is received from the first apparatus via a F1 interface.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the one or more parameters comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the first apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving a measurement report from the third apparatus; means for determining, based on the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to access to a target cell indicated by the measurement report; and means for in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to access to the target cell, rejecting the third apparatus to access the target cell.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the third apparatus, a RRC reconfiguration message indicating the third apparatus to remove the target cell from the measurement report and / or stop or re-start a measurement on the target cell after a time interval.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is allowed to access to the target cell, delivering, to the first apparatus, the measurement report along with the one or more RRC keys.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving a RRC resume request from the third apparatus; means for determining, based on the one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to resume a connection with the first apparatus; and means for in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to resume the connection, transmitting a RRC reject message to the third apparatus.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.
[0165] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700 or the second apparatus 120. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the second apparatus.
[0167] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 800 includes one or more processors 810, one or more memories 820 coupled to the processor 810, and one or more communication modules 840 coupled to the processor 810.
[0168] The communication module 840 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 840 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 840 may include at least one antenna.
[0169] The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0170] The memory 820 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 824, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 822 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0171] A computer program 830 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 810. The instructions of the program 830 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 830 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 824. The processor 810 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 830 into the RAM 822.
[0172] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 830 so that the device 800 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 7. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0173] In some example embodiments, the program 830 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 800 (such as in the memory 820) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 800. The device 800 may load the program 830 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 822 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0174] FIG. 9 shows an example of the computer readable medium 900 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 900 has the program 830 stored thereon.
[0175] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0176] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0177] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0178] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0179] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0180] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0181] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to:determine, after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; andtransmit, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.3.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connection related message is transmitted to the second apparatus via a F1 interface.4.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.5.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.6.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.7.The first apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, from the second apparatus, a measurement report associated with an access of the third apparatus to a target cell along with the one or more connection keys.8.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, from the second apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.9.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.10.A second apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to:receive, from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message as part of at least one connection related message; andstore the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.11.The second apparatus of claim 10, wherein the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.12.The second apparatus of claim 10, wherein the connection related message is received from the first apparatus via a F1 interface.13.The second apparatus of any of claims 10-12, wherein the one or more parameters at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.14.The second apparatus of any of claims 10-12, wherein the one or more parameters comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.15.The second apparatus of any of claims 10-14, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:receive, from the first apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.16.The second apparatus of claim 15, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:receive a measurement report from the third apparatus;determine, based on the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to access to a target cell indicated by the measurement report; andin accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to access to the target cell, reject the third apparatus to access the target cell.17.The second apparatus of claim 16, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the third apparatus, a RRC reconfiguration message indicating the third apparatus to remove the target cell from the measurement report and / or stop or re-start a measurement on the target cell after a time interval.18.The second apparatus of claim 16, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is allowed to access to the target cell, deliver, to the first apparatus, the measurement report along with the one or more RRC keys.19.The second apparatus of any of claims 10-14, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:receive a RRC resume request from the third apparatus;determine, based on the one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to resume a connection with the first apparatus; andin accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to resume the connection, transmit a RRC reject message to the third apparatus.20.The second apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the first apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.21.The second apparatus of any of claims 10-20, wherein the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.22.A method comprising:determining, at a first apparatus after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; andtransmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.24.The method of claim 22, wherein the connection related message is transmitted to the second apparatus via a F1 interface.25.The method of any of claims 22-24, wherein the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.26.The method of any of claims 22-24, wherein the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.27.The method of any of claims 22-26, further comprising:transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.28.The method of claim 27, further comprising:receiving, from the second apparatus, a measurement report associated with an access of the third apparatus to a target cell along with the one or more connection keys.29.The method of any of claims 22-26, further comprising:receiving, from the second apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.30.The method of any of claims 22-29, wherein the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.31.A method comprising:receiving, from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message; andstoring the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the connection keys are Radio Resource Control, RRC, keys, and the at least one connection relates to an RRC connection.33.The method of claim 31, wherein the connection related message is received from the first apparatus via a F1 interface.34.The method of any of claims 31-33, wherein the one or more parameters at least comprises a list of allowed closed access group, CAG.35.The method of any of claims 31-33, wherein the one or more parameters comprises at least one parameter included in a mobility restriction list, MRL.36.The method of any of claims 31-35, further comprising:receiving, from the first apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys as part of the context setup request.37.The method of claim 36, further comprising:receiving a measurement report from the third apparatus;determining, based on the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to access to a target cell indicated by the measurement report; andin accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to access to the target cell, rejecting the third apparatus to access the target cell.38.The method of claim 37, further comprising:transmitting, to the third apparatus, a RRC reconfiguration message indicating the third apparatus to remove the target cell from the measurement report and / or stop or re-start a measurement on the target cell after a time interval.39.The method of claim 37, further comprising:in accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is allowed to access to the target cell, delivering, to the first apparatus, the measurement report along with the one or more RRC keys.40.The method of any of claims 31-35, further comprising:receiving a RRC resume request from the third apparatus;determining, based on the one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction, whether the third apparatus is allowed to resume a connection with the first apparatus; andin accordance with a determination that the third apparatus is unallowed to resume the connection, transmitting a RRC reject message to the third apparatus.41.The method of claim 40, further comprising:transmitting, to the first apparatus, a context release request indicating a context of the third apparatus is to be released by the first apparatus.42.The method of any of claims 31-41, wherein the first apparatus comprises a centralized network node, the second apparatus comprises a distributed network node and a third apparatus comprises a UE.43.A first apparatus comprising:means for determining, after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; andmeans for transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.44.A second apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message; andmeans for storing the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and the one or more connection keys.45.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of any of claims 22-30 or the method of any of claims 31-42.
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