Operating method for a painting system, and painting system for carrying out the operating method

Abstract

The invention relates to an operating method for a painting system for painting components (e.g. motor vehicle body parts) with a paint, comprising the following steps: selecting a desired painting process of the painting system, selecting a desired type of electrostatic charging for electrostatically charging the paint, selecting a desired atomiser type for atomising the paint by means of a rotary atomiser, selecting a desired bell cup for the rotary atomiser, and / or selecting a desired guiding air system for forming a spray jet of the paint by blowing directing air onto the spray jet, and automatically determining target specifications for suitable painting parameters in a computer-assisted manner depending on the following variables: the selected painting process, the selected type of electrostatic charging, the selected atomiser type, the selected bell cup, and / or the selected guiding air system. The invention also relates to a painting system for carrying out the operating method according to the invention.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Operating procedure for a painting system and painting system for carrying out the operating procedure

[0003] Technical field of the invention

[0004] The invention relates to an operating method for a painting system for painting components (e.g., motor vehicle body components) with a paint. Furthermore, the invention relates to a painting system for implementing the operating method according to the invention.

[0005] Background of the invention

[0006] In modern paint shops for painting automotive body components, rotary atomizers guided by multi-axis painting robots are typically used as application equipment. A wide range of options are available for operating such a paint shop, which are briefly described below.

[0007] First, the desired painting process for the paint shop can be selected. For example, the painting processes can differ depending on the paint layer to be applied (e.g., filler, basecoat, topcoat, clearcoat). Furthermore, the available painting processes can also differ depending on whether the interior painting of vehicle body components or the exterior painting of the vehicle body components is being carried out.

[0008] Furthermore, during operation of such a painting system, the paint to be applied is usually electrostatically charged to increase application efficiency and thus avoid overspray. Various charging methods are available, namely the so-called external electrostatic charging using external electrodes or the equally well-known direct charging (contact charging), in which the paint to be applied comes into contact with high-voltage components of the rotary atomizer. The type of electrostatic paint charging (external charging or direct charging) is therefore also variably selectable. Furthermore, one of several atomizer types can be selected during operation of the painting system, which is optimally suited for the desired painting process.

[0009] Furthermore, a desired bell plate for the rotary atomizer can be selected, which is adapted to the respective painting process.

[0010] Finally, a shaping air system can also be selected, which blows out shaping air to shape the spray jet emitted by the atomizer.

[0011] When operating a paint shop, various options are available, making it difficult to determine the optimal painting parameters for the wide range of options. The painting parameters to be defined include, for example, the rotational speed of the rotary atomizer, the paint flow rate, the charging voltage or charging current of the electrostatic paint charging system, the shaping air flow rate, the jet width of the paint spray emitted by the rotary atomizer (represented, for example, by the so-called SB50 value), and the coating thickness or coating thickness distribution of the paint layer on the component. The entirety of these adjustable painting parameters is also referred to in technical terms as a "brush," corresponding to the properties (e.g., spray jet width, atomization quality, etc.) of a spray jet ("brush") during painting.

[0012] Until now, the so-called "brushes" (i.e. the painting parameters) were freely parameterized within the framework of the operating instructions of the rotary atomizer in a so-called "brush editor" on a project-specific or program-specific basis.

[0013] For this purpose, the user must know which painting parameters must be used to optimally adapt the spray jet of the paint to the vehicle body component to be painted (for example, with regard to jet width and atomization quality), to meet the quality requirements of the paint finish (e.g. with regard to total film thickness, structure, color tone, etc.) and to achieve a high application efficiency with correspondingly little overspray.

[0014] To determine the optimal painting parameters (e.g., suitable spray jet width) and to meet specific quality requirements, preliminary tests are usually conducted on so-called "brushed sheets" or components in advance of each painting process. This means that the so-called "brushed sheets" or components are painted during the preliminary tests, whereby the relationship between the painting parameters used and the properties of the resulting paint layer on the "brushed sheet" or the painted component is determined. Experienced users also rely on parameter sets from previous projects.

[0015] A disadvantage of the current approach is that there is often no time available for the necessary preliminary tests during commissioning of the paint shop. Thus, the creation and evaluation of the so-called "brush sheets" is time-consuming. This also requires coating thickness gauges and templates, for example, to be able to perform comparable measurements on different sheets.

[0016] In addition, the parameterization of the respective atomizer type requires a great deal of experience and knowledge.

[0017] Currently, the user can freely select the painting parameters within the performance limits of the respective atomizer. Since each atomizer type and each painting process requires process-relevant application parameters, this often leads to incorrect or unfavorable parameter settings, which are often due to a lack of information and insufficient training and education of the users. This leads to a loss of quality in the painting process and unnecessary contamination of the atomizer and the painting system, thus reducing the transfer efficiency.

[0018] Finally, for the general technical background of the invention, reference should also be made to EP 2 355 935 Bl.

[0019] Description of the invention

[0020] The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the setting of the painting parameters of a painting system.

[0021] This object is achieved by an operating method according to the invention or by a correspondingly designed painting system according to the independent claims.

[0022] The operating method according to the invention is generally suitable for operating a painting system for painting components. However, the operating method according to the invention is preferably used in a painting system for painting motor vehicle body components. However, the invention is not limited to motor vehicle body components with regard to the components to be painted.

[0023] In the operating method according to the invention, in accordance with the prior art described at the outset, the desired painting process of the painting system is first selected. For example, the painting processes available for selection can differ in the type of paint to be applied, e.g., filler, basecoat, topcoat, or clearcoat. Furthermore, the painting processes available for selection can also differ in the type of component surfaces to be painted. Thus, a first painting process can be provided for interior painting, i.e., for painting interior surfaces within motor vehicle body components, while a second painting process is intended for exterior painting, i.e., for painting exterior surfaces of motor vehicle body components.

[0024] Furthermore, within the scope of the operating method according to the invention, a desired type of electrostatic charging is also selected in order to electrostatically charge the paint to be applied, thereby increasing the application efficiency and correspondingly minimizing "overspray," as is known from the prior art. Thus, the paint can be charged either by external charging or by direct charging (contact charging). With external charging, external electrodes are provided which, during operation, are at a high-voltage potential and charge the spray jet of the applied paint. With direct charging (contact charging), on the other hand, paint-carrying components within the atomizer are at a high-voltage potential, so that the paint to be applied is charged within the atomizer by contact with the components at high-voltage potential.

[0025] Furthermore, within the scope of the operating method according to the invention, in accordance with the prior art described above, one of several available atomizer types is selected. For example, one atomizer type may be optimized for interior painting, while another atomizer type may be optimized for exterior charging.

[0026] Furthermore, within the scope of the operating method according to the invention, in accordance with the prior art described at the outset, one of several bell cups available is selected. The bell cups available for selection can thus be optimized for different application tasks and differ, for example, in the diameter of the spray edge of the bell cup. Furthermore, within the scope of the operating method according to the invention, a shaping air system is also selected which serves to shape the spray jet applied by the atomizer by blowing shaping air onto the spray jet of the paint, as is known per se from the prior art. For example, various shaping air rings are known which have a single shaping air nozzle ring or several (e.g., two or three) shaping air nozzle rings.In addition, the available shaping air rings can also differ in the orientation (axial or twisted) of the shaping air nozzles.

[0027] The aforementioned selection options when operating a paint shop make it difficult in practice to set suitable painting parameters, as already explained above with regard to the prior art. The invention therefore provides for target specifications for suitable painting parameters to be determined automatically and with the aid of a computer, depending on the selected painting process (e.g., interior painting or exterior painting), the type of charging (e.g., external charging or direct charging), the atomizer type, the selected bell cup, and / or the selected shaping air system. This automatic, computer-aided determination of the target specifications for the painting parameters facilitates the commissioning of a paint shop and ensures that the painting parameters are optimally set for the respective application.

[0028] For example, the painting parameters can include one or more of the following operating variables of the painting system:

[0029] • Rotation speed of the rotary atomizer,

[0030] • Paint flow,

[0031] • Charging voltage and / or charging current of the electrostatic charge of the paint,

[0032] • shaping air flow,

[0033] • Jet width of the paint spray jet emitted by the rotary atomizer, in particular SB50 value, and / or

[0034] • Layer thickness and / or layer thickness distribution of the paint layer on the component.

[0035] In practice, however, the so-called "brush" encompasses several of the above-mentioned operating sizes of the painting system.

[0036] The aforementioned automatically determined target assignments for suitable painting parameters can, for example, be limit values ​​or starting values ​​for the painting parameters. The limit values, for example, determine the maximum and minimum values ​​for the individual painting parameters. The starting values, on the other hand, determine the values ​​of the painting parameters, which can subsequently be further optimized.

[0037] As already mentioned above, one of the options available when operating a paint shop is the selection of the paint type to be applied. For example, fillers, basecoats, topcoats, or clearcoats can be applied during operation of a paint shop. Depending on the paint type, the painting parameters can then be automatically adjusted within the scope of the operating method according to the invention.

[0038] It was already mentioned above that painting systems for painting motor vehicle body components typically use painting robots that act as application devices, moving an atomizer according to a predefined painting program. The predefined painting program then specifies, for example, the path of a painting path, the painting speed along the painting path, and / or the path spacing between immediately adjacent and overlapping painting paths. The painting parameters can then be adjusted depending on this painting program. Therefore, when determining the suitable painting parameters, the painting program is preferably also taken into account within the scope of the operating method according to the invention.

[0039] Furthermore, as already mentioned above, the available painting processes can differ, for example, depending on the type of component surfaces to be painted (e.g., interior or exterior painting) or the type of paint to be applied (e.g., primer, basecoat, or clearcoat). Therefore, these factors are preferably also taken into account when determining suitable painting parameters.

[0040] Furthermore, it was briefly mentioned above that the charging types available (external charging or direct charging) for electrostatic paint charging can be taken into account when determining the painting parameters.

[0041] Furthermore, the characteristics of the respective shaping air system can also be considered when determining the appropriate painting parameters. For example, the various shaping air systems can differ in the number of shaping air nozzles, the size of the shaping air nozzles, the number of shaping air nozzle rings, and / or the orientation (axial or swirled) of the shaping air nozzles. Furthermore, as already mentioned above, a bell cup is selected for the respective rotary atomizer during operation of the painting system. For example, the bell cups available can differ in the following sizes:

[0042] • Diameter of a spray edge of the bell cup,

[0043] • Angle of inclination of an outer surface of the bell cup to the axis of rotation of the bell cup,

[0044] • Angle of inclination of an overflow surface of the bell cup to the rotation axis of the bell cup,

[0045] • Diameter of a screw thread of the bell cup for fastening the bell cup to an atomizer shaft of the rotary atomizer.

[0046] As already explained above, numerous options exist when operating a paint shop, for example, regarding the painting process, the charging method, the atomizer type, the bell cup, and the desired shaping air system. Within the scope of the invention, the selection from these options can be made manually by an operator or automatically and computer-assisted.

[0047] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is possible to calculate the paint flow rate (e.g. mass flow or volume flow) depending on the following variables, automatically and with the aid of a computer, which is possible for both exterior and interior painting:

[0048] • Desired layer thickness of the paint on the component,

[0049] • desired beam width,

[0050] • Drop size and drop spacing

[0051] • Application efficiency when painting,

[0052] • Track spacing between immediately adjacent painting tracks,

[0053] • Solids content of the paint,

[0054] • Rotation speed of the rotary atomizer,

[0055] • shaping air flow,

[0056] • Painting distance between the rotary atomizer and the component to be painted,

[0057] • Charging voltage and / or charging current of the electrostatic paint charging, and / or

[0058] • Painting speed. Furthermore, the invention also provides the possibility of automatically and computer-aided calculation of the shaping air flow rate depending on the following parameters, which is possible for both interior and exterior painting:

[0059] • Desired layer thickness of the paint on the component,

[0060] • Desired beam width

[0061] • Drop size and drop spacing

[0062] • Application efficiency when painting,

[0063] • Track spacing between immediately adjacent painting tracks,

[0064] • Solids content of the paint,

[0065] • Rotation speed of the rotary atomizer,

[0066] • Activation of one or more steering airs,

[0067] • Paint flow,

[0068] • Painting distance between the rotary atomizer and the component to be painted, and / or

[0069] • Charging voltage and / or charging current of the electrostatic paint charging

[0070] • Painting speed.

[0071] The operating method according to the invention for a paint shop has been described in general terms above. However, the invention also claims protection for a correspondingly designed paint shop suitable for implementing the operating method according to the invention.

[0072] Thus, the painting system according to the invention, in accordance with the known painting systems, initially comprises a rotary atomizer which, during operation, atomizes the paint to be applied and emits a spray jet of the paint.

[0073] In addition, the painting system according to the invention, in accordance with the prior art described at the outset, also comprises a multi-axis painting robot for the movable guidance of the rotary atomizer.

[0074] Furthermore, the painting system according to the invention also has, in accordance with the prior art, a charging system to electrostatically charge the paint to be applied and thereby increase the application efficiency and minimize the disturbing "overspray".

[0075] In addition, the painting system according to the invention also comprises a shaping air system in order to shape the spray jet of the paint emitted by the rotary atomizer by blowing it with shaping air, which is known per se from the prior art.

[0076] Furthermore, the painting system according to the invention also has a paint supply to provide the paint to be applied.

[0077] Furthermore, the painting system according to the invention also comprises a control device for controlling the aforementioned components of the painting system, namely the rotary atomizer, the painting robot, the charging system, the paint supply, and / or the shaping air system. The painting system according to the invention is characterized in that the control device is designed such that the painting system executes the above-described operating method according to the invention. For this purpose, the control device can have a program memory in which a control program is stored, which, in one embodiment, executes the operating method according to the invention.

[0078] Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures.

[0079] Brief description of the drawings

[0080] Figure 1 shows a flow chart to generally illustrate the operating method according to the invention.

[0081] Figure 2 shows a flow chart corresponding to the flow chart in Figure 1 for a specific application in the exterior painting of silver metallic paint as a first base coat.

[0082] Figure 3 shows a flow chart corresponding to the flow chart in Figure 1 for a specific application in the exterior painting of black metallic paint as a second base coat.

[0083] Figure 4 shows a flowchart corresponding to the flowchart in Figure 1 for a specific application in the interior painting of clear coat. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram for calculating the paint quantity for overlap depending on different operating sizes of the paint shop.

[0084] Figure 6 shows a modification of Figure 5 without overlapping of the spray jets.

[0085] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram for calculating the shaping air flows depending on different operating parameters of the painting system.

[0086] Figure 8 shows a modification of Figure 7.

[0087] Figure 9 shows a layer thickness distribution produced by a rotary atomizer.

[0088] Figure 10 shows a modification of Figure 9.

[0089] Figure 11 shows a schematic representation of a painting system according to the invention.

[0090] Detailed description of the drawings

[0091] In the following, the flow chart according to Figure 1 will first be described, which generally explains the operating method according to the invention.

[0092] In a first step S1, the desired painting process is selected. The available painting processes differ, for example, depending on the type of component surface to be painted. For example, one painting process may be intended for interior painting, while another process may be intended for exterior painting. The desired painting process is selected manually by an input from the operator of the painting system. However, within the scope of the invention, it is also possible for the desired painting process to be selected automatically and with computer support.

[0093] In a second step S2, the electrostatic charging method is then selected, which serves to electrostatically charge the paint to be applied in order to increase the application efficiency and accordingly minimize the disruptive "overspray." Thus, the paint can be charged either by external charging with external electrodes or by direct charging (contact charging), as is known from the prior art. The selection of the charging method is also carried out manually by an input from the operator of the painting system. However, within the scope of the invention, it is also possible for the desired charging method to be selected automatically and computer-assisted.

[0094] In the next step S3, the desired atomizer type is selected, with several atomizer types available. The atomizer type is selected automatically and computer-assisted. However, within the scope of the invention, it is also possible for the atomizer type to be selected manually by the operator of the painting system.

[0095] In the next step S4, the desired bell cup / directing air ring system is then selected automatically and computer-aided. In practice, for example, a specific directing air ring can be selected, which is characterized by the number of directing air nozzles and the number of directing air nozzle rings. This selection can also take into account the painting process previously selected in step S1. This means that the bell cup / directing air ring system can be adapted to the respective painting process (e.g., interior painting or exterior painting). The selection of the bell cup / directing air ring system is computer-aided and automatic. However, within the scope of the invention, it is also possible for the desired bell cup / directing air ring system to be selected manually by an operator of the painting system.

[0096] In the next step (S5), the limits of the painting parameters for the atomizer and painting process are automatically and computer-aidedly selected, again taking into account the painting process selected in step S1. Furthermore, the computer-aided and automatic selection of the limits of the painting parameters also takes into account the other parameters of the painting system selected in the preceding steps (S1-S4). The painting parameters can include, for example, the paint quantity, the shaping air flow (i), the shaping air flow (2), the speed of the rotary atomizer, or the high voltage of the electrostatic paint charging, to name just a few examples.

[0097] In the next step S6, start parameters (standard parameters) for the painting parameters are determined automatically and computer-aided.

[0098] The next step S7 then provides for the start parameters to be adjusted manually or automatically, taking into account the paint color specified in step S9. The next step S8 then provides for the parameterization of the individual "brushes," taking into account the painting program specified in step S10. The painting program specifies, for example, the path of the paint impact point of the rotary atomizer, the path spacing of parallel painting paths, and the path speed.

[0099] When parameterizing the individual "brushes" in step S8, the solid content of the respective paint can also be taken into account, which is specified in a step S11.

[0100] Finally, the application efficiency, which is specified in a step S12, can also be taken into account.

[0101] The parameterization of the individual “brushes” in step S8 can be done either automatically or manually.

[0102] Figure 2 shows a flowchart corresponding to the flowchart in Figure 1 for a specific application, namely the application of silver metallic paint for exterior painting, with a specific atomizer type being selected, as is immediately apparent from the flowchart. Regarding the general description of the flowchart in Figure 2, reference is made to the description of the corresponding steps in the flowchart in Figure 1 to avoid repetition.

[0103] Figure 3 shows a flowchart corresponding to the flowchart in Figure 1 for a specific application involving the painting of black metallic paint for exterior painting. The individual selection decisions are derived directly from the flowchart, so that with regard to the general description of the flowchart, reference is made to the description of the corresponding steps in the flowchart in Figure 1 to avoid repetition.

[0104] Figure 4 shows another flowchart corresponding to the flowchart in Figure 1 for a specific application, namely the application of clear coat for interior painting. The individual selection decisions are derived directly from the flowchart, so that with regard to the general description of the flowchart, reference is made to the description of the corresponding steps in the flowchart in Figure 1 to avoid repetition. Figure 5 shows a schematic representation for calculating the paint flow rate, i.e., the paint volume applied per unit of time. The paint flow rate is calculated according to a formula taking the following variables into account:

[0105] • Track spacing, ie distance between adjacent painting tracks,

[0106] • Track speed, ie movement speed of the rotary atomizer along the painting track,

[0107] • Target layer thickness,

[0108] • Rotation speed of the rotary atomizer,

[0109] • Steering air flow,

[0110] • Painting distance, ie distance between rotary atomizer and component surface,

[0111] • Solid content of the respective paint.

[0112] Within the scope of the invention, this calculation of the ink flow rate is carried out automatically and with the aid of an invention computer.

[0113] Figure 6 shows a modification of Figure 5, where the SB50 value and the SD are also taken into account when calculating the ink flow rate. M ax value. The SB50 value is the width of a coating path within which the resulting layer thickness is at least 50% of the maximum layer thickness, as shown in Figure 10. The SD M The ax value, on the other hand, is the maximum layer thickness, as can also be seen in Figure 10.

[0114] Figure 7 shows a modification of Figures 5 and 6, but with the shaping air flow rates calculated. The following input variables are used in the calculation:

[0115] • Rotation speed of the rotary atomizer,

[0116] • Paint flow,

[0117] • Painting distance, ie distance between rotary atomizer and component surface,

[0118] • Color of the paint,

[0119] • Minimum shaping air flow

[0120] • Beam width (SB50).

[0121] Figure 8 shows a modification of Figure 7, wherein the input variables for calculating the shaping air flow are directly apparent from the drawing. Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of a painting system according to the invention with a rotary atomizer 1, a painting robot 1, a shaping air system 3, a charging system 4, a paint supply 5, a control device 6 and a human-machine interface 7 which is connected to the control device 6. The control device 6 is designed such that it carries out the operating method according to the invention described above during operation. For this purpose, a program memory is provided in the control device 6 in which a control program is stored which, when implemented, carries out the certain operating method according to the invention.

[0122] The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, which also utilize the inventive concept and fall within the scope of protection. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and features of the subclaims, independently of the respective claims referred to, and in particular even without the features of the main claim. The invention thus encompasses various aspects of the invention that enjoy independent protection.

[0123] glossary

[0124] To facilitate understanding of the drawings, please refer to the following glossary, which briefly explains the technical terms used in the drawings.

[0125] • Interior or detail painting: Painting of interior areas of car bodies such as the inside of the bonnet, door frames, door entrances or smaller components such as panels, etc.

[0126] • Exterior painting: Coating the exterior surface of a car body, e.g. roof, exterior hood, exterior doors....

[0127] • CC: Clear coat.

[0128] • BC: Base coat.

[0129] • Standard exterior painting: Standard process, such as filler painting, solid painting, basecoat (1st coat) or CC painting.

[0130] • Metallic exterior paint: M-Bell process: Usually the second application of a basecoat, e.g., an effect paint (metallic paint) with high color accuracy requirements. Combined paint: Here, several paint processes, e.g., interior and exterior, are applied in one station using a single atomizer.

[0131] Special process: new process e.g. to increase TE.

[0132] External charging (AA)

[0133] Direct charging (DA)

[0134] Atomizer type: Subordination of atomizers according to application

[0135] Bell cup type (GT type): special bell cup adapted to the atomizer type for the respective process and the paint material used.

[0136] Shaping air ring type (LLR type): A special shaping air ring adapted to the atomizer type for the respective process and charging method. A shaping air ring directs the compressed air through holes to shape the spray jet and, if necessary, additionally atomize the paint material.

[0137] Charging ring: special component for external charging atomizers that allows the atomized paint material to be electrostatically charged as it passes by in order to improve the application efficiency.

[0138] Colour group: A colour group includes paint materials with similar properties, e.g. in terms of opacity or volume solids content.

[0139] Brush: A brush is a set of parameters consisting of values ​​for the amount of paint, speed, shaping air 1, shaping air 2 and high voltage specifications.

[0140] Spray jet: The spray jet is the "result" of the values ​​set in the brush.

[0141] Quantity of paint (FM) in ml / min.

[0142] Speed ​​(DZ): Speed ​​of the bell cup / turbine in rpm.

[0143] High voltage (HS): o for external charging atomizers in pA, o for direct charging in kV.

[0144] Shaping air 1 (LL1) in NL / min.

[0145] Shaping air 2 (LL2) in NL / min.

[0146] LLset o Shaping air setting (LLset) in NL / min: o Designation of the shaping air that is primarily responsible for atomization (droplet size / color, etc.). o Depending on the process and atomizer type, this is either LL1 or LL2

[0147] Painting distance (LA) in mm: Distance from the bell cup edge to the object (e.g., vehicle body). • Path distance (BA) in mm: When painting a surface, e.g., a hood, roof, or doors, parallel paths are programmed during path programming, usually with fixed path distances.

[0148] • Painting speed VTCP in mm / s.

[0149] • Transfer efficiency (AWG) / TE (transfer efficiency) in %, depending on the atomizer type and the painting parameters or process parameters.

[0150] • Volume solids (Vol-FK) in % of the paint material.

[0151] • KTL: Cathode dip painting.

[0152] • Brushed sheet: Brushed sheets are e-coated steel sheets measuring 1000 x 200 mm or 500 x 200 mm. Brushed sheets with specific parameters are applied to the center of these sheets in one or more layers. After drying, the layer thickness is measured at specific points.

[0153] • Total layer thickness (SDges): o Total layer thickness in pm of a coating. o It results from the overlap of several brushes.

[0154] • Maximum layer thickness (SDmax): Maximum layer thickness in pm of a brush.

[0155] • SB50: Brush width in mm of one brush at 50% of the maximum layer thickness.

[0156] List of reference symbols

[0157] 1 rotary atomizer

[0158] 2 painting robots

[0159] 3 shaping air system

[0160] 4 Charging system

[0161] 5 paint supplies

[0162] 6 Control device

[0163] 7 Human-Machine Interface

Claims

CLAIMS 1. An operating method for a painting system for painting components with a paint, in particular for painting motor vehicle body components, comprising the following steps: a) selection of a desired painting process of the painting system, b) selection of a desired type of electrostatic charging for the electrostatic charging of the paint, c) selection of a desired atomizer type for atomizing the paint by means of a rotary atomizer (1), d) selection of a desired bell cup for the rotary atomizer (1), and / or e) selection of a desired shaping air system (3) for forming a spray jet of the paint by blowing shaping air onto the spray jet, characterized by the following step: f) automatic computer-aided determination of target specifications for suitable painting parameters depending on the following variables: f1) the selected painting process, f2) the selected type of electrostatic charging, f3) the selected atomizer type,f4) the selected bell cup, and / or f5) the selected shaping air system (3)., 2. Operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the painting parameters comprise the following operating variables of the painting system: a) speed of the rotary atomizer (1), b) paint flow rate, c) charging voltage and / or charging current of the electrostatic charge of the paint, d) shaping air flow rate, e) jet width of the spray jet of the paint emitted by the rotary atomizer (1), in particular SB50 value, and / or f) layer thickness and / or layer thickness distribution of the paint layer on the component.

3. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the determined targets are limit values ​​or starting values ​​for the appropriate painting parameters.

4. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps: a) selection of a paint type of the paint to be applied, and b) automatic adaptation of the determined painting parameters depending on the selected paint type.

5. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps: a) selection of a painting program, in particular with the following program content: a1) path of a painting path, a2) painting speed along the painting path, and / or a3) path spacing between immediately adjacent painting paths, and b) automatic adaptation of the determined painting parameters depending on the selected painting program.

6. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the painting processes available for selection differ in the following variables: a) type of component surfaces to be painted, in particular interior painting or exterior painting, and / or b) type of paint to be applied, in particular filler, base coat or clear coat.

7. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the types of electrostatic charging available for selection include external charging and direct charging.

8. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaping air systems (3) available for selection differ in the following sizes: a) number of shaping air nozzles, b) size of the shaping air nozzles, c) number of shaping air nozzle rings, and / or d) orientation of the shaping air nozzles.

9. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bell cups available for selection differ in the following sizes: a) diameter of a spray edge of the bell cup, b) angle of inclination of an outer circumferential surface of the bell cup to the axis of rotation of the bell cup, c) angle of inclination of an overflow surface of the bell cup to the axis of rotation of the bell cup, d) diameter of a screw thread of the bell cup for fastening the bell cup to an atomizer shaft of the rotary atomizer (1).

10. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the desired painting process of the painting system is selected by an operator, and / or b) the desired electrostatic charging type for electrostatically charging the paint is selected by the operator, and / or c) the desired atomizer type is selected automatically with computer support, preferably depending on c1) the selected painting process and / or c2) the selected electrostatic charging type, and / or d) the desired bell cup is selected automatically with computer support, preferably depending on d1) the selected painting process, d2) the selected electrostatic charging type, and / or d3) the selected atomizer type, d4) the selected shaping air system (3),and / or e) that the selection of the desired shaping air system (3) is carried out automatically and computer-aided, preferably depending on e1) the selected painting process, e2) the selected type of electrostatic charging, and / or e3) the selected atomizer type.

11. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following step: Automatic calculation of the paint flow depending on the following parameters, especially for interior painting or exterior painting: a) Desired layer thickness of the paint on the component, b) Desired jet width, c) Droplet size and droplet spacing d) Application efficiency during painting, e) Track spacing between immediately adjacent painting tracks, f) Solid content of the paint, g) Speed ​​of the rotary atomizer (1), h) Shaping air flow, i) Painting distance between the rotary atomizer (1) and the component to be painted, and / or j) Charging voltage and / or charging current of the electrostatic paint charge k) Painting speed.

12. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following step: Automatic calculation of the shaping air flow rate as a function of the following variables, particularly for interior painting or exterior painting: a) desired layer thickness of the paint on the component, b) desired jet width c) droplet size and droplet spacing d) application efficiency during painting, e) track spacing between immediately adjacent painting tracks, f) solid content of the paint, g) speed of the rotary atomizer (1), h) shaping air flow rate, i) paint flow rate, j) painting distance between the rotary atomizer (1) and the component to be painted, and / or k) charging voltage and / or charging current of the electrostatic paint charge l) painting speed.

13. Painting installation for painting components with a paint, in particular for painting motor vehicle body components, a) a rotary atomiser (1) for atomising the paint and for delivering a spray jet of the atomised paint, b) a painting robot (2) for movably guiding the rotary atomizer (1), c) a charging system (4) for electrostatically charging the paint, d) a shaping air system (3) for shaping the spray jet of paint emitted by the rotary atomizer (1), e) a paint supply (5), and d) a control device (6) for controlling the rotary atomizer (1), the painting robot (2), the charging system (4), the shaping air system (3) and / or the paint supply (5), characterized in that e) that the control device (6) is designed such that the painting system carries out the operating method according to one of the preceding claims.

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