Maximum sensitivity degradation

Abstract

A disclosure of the present specification provides a UE. The UE may comprise: one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions and operably connectable to the one or more processors, wherein an operation performed on the basis of execution of the instructions by the one or more processors comprises the steps of: transmitting an uplink signal; and receiving a downlink signal.

Description

Maximum sensitivity reduction

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communications.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communications. Numerous approaches have been proposed to achieve LTE's goals of reducing costs for users and operators, improving service quality, expanding coverage, and increasing system capacity. 3GPP LTE's high-level requirements include reduced cost per bit, improved service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple architecture, open interfaces, and adequate power consumption for terminals.

[0003] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP have begun work on developing requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components necessary to successfully standardize NR, meeting both urgent market needs and the longer-term requirements outlined by the ITU Radio communication sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR must be able to utilize any spectrum band up to at least 110 GHz, ensuring that it remains available for wireless communications well into the future.

[0004] NR aims to be a single technology framework that addresses all deployment scenarios, usage scenarios, and requirements, including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). NR must be inherently forward-compatible.

[0005] New operating band combinations for Carrier Aggregation (CA) and Dual Connectivity (DC) are being added. These newly added band combinations may cause problems with User Equipment (UE) reception performance due to coexistence issues.

[0006] In one aspect, a device is provided. The device includes one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions and operatively connected to the one or more processors, wherein operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the one or more processors may include: transmitting an uplink signal; and receiving a downlink signal.

[0007] In another aspect, a method of performing the above device is provided.

[0008] In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may include the steps of receiving an uplink signal; and transmitting a downlink signal.

[0009] In another aspect, a device implementing the above method is provided.

[0010] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0011] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0012] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0013] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0014] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0015] FIGS. 6A to 6E illustrate examples of RACH procedures applicable to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a situation in which an uplink signal transmitted through an uplink operating band affects the reception of a downlink signal through a downlink operating band.

[0017] FIG. 8 is an example of elements according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0018] FIG. 9 is an example of intermodulation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0019] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC or CA based on bands 1, n28, and n77 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0020] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC or CA based on bands 1, 42, and n77 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0021] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC or CA based on bands n1, n41, n77 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0022] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0023] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of the operation of a UE and a base station according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0024] The following techniques, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Multi-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that utilizes E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL).

[0025] For convenience of explanation, the implementation of this specification is primarily described in relation to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, the following detailed description is provided based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, aspects of this specification that are not limited to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system can be applied to other mobile communication systems.

[0026] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to this specification.

[0027] In this specification, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, “A or B” in this specification can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, “A, B or C” in this specification can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0028] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0029] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0030] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”. Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C”.

[0031] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “control information (PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.” In other words, “control information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.”

[0032] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0033] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0034] Hereinafter, the present specification will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and / or description, the same reference numbers may refer to the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.

[0035] Although the attached drawing illustrates a UE (User Equipment) as an example, the illustrated UE may also be referred to as a terminal, ME (Mobile Equipment), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, mobile phone, PDA, smart phone, multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC or vehicle-mounted device.

[0036] Hereinafter, "UE" is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless device, or wireless device) capable of wireless communication. Operations performed by the UE may be performed by the wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, wireless device, etc.

[0037] The term base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may be called by other terms such as eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, and gNB (Next generation NodeB).

[0038] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0039] The 5G usage scenario shown in FIG. 1 is only an example, and the technical features of this specification can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not shown in FIG. 1.

[0040] The three main requirement categories for 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).

[0041] Some use cases may require multiple criteria for optimization, while others may focus on a single key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases using flexible and reliable methods.

[0042] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile internet access, encompassing rich interactive work and media and entertainment applications in the cloud and augmented reality. Data is a key driver of 5G, and for the first time, dedicated voice services may not be available in the 5G era. Voice processing is expected to be simplified in 5G as an application leveraging the data connections provided by the communication system. The primary reasons for the traffic increase are the increasing size of content and the rise of applications requiring high data rates. As more devices connect to the internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet access will become more prevalent. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly growing on mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the increase in uplink data rates. 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud. When using tactile interfaces, 5G requires significantly lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. For example, entertainment, such as cloud gaming and video streaming, is another key factor driving demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Smartphones and tablets are essential for entertainment in all environments, including highly mobile environments like trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality for entertainment and information retrieval. In this case, AR requires extremely low latency and high data volumes.

[0043] One of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves mMTC, the ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all sectors. The potential number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is projected to reach 240 million by 2020. Industrial IoT is a key enabler of smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure, all enabled by 5G.

[0044] URLLC encompasses ultra-reliable, low-latency links that will transform industries through remote control of core infrastructure, enabling new services such as autonomous vehicles. Reliability and latency are essential for controlling smart grids, automating industries, achieving robotics, and controlling and coordinating drones.

[0045] 5G is the means to deliver streaming data rates previously rated at hundreds of megabits per second, up to gigabits per second, complementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such high speeds are necessary to deliver 4K and higher (6K, 8K, and beyond) resolution TV, as well as virtual and augmented reality (VR) applications. VR and AR applications include immersive sports games. Certain applications may require specialized network configurations. For example, for VR games, gaming companies must integrate their core servers with network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0046] Automotive is expected to be a significant new driver of 5G, with numerous use cases for in-vehicle mobile communications. For example, passenger entertainment demands high-capacity, high-mobility broadband mobile communications, as future users continue to expect high-quality connectivity regardless of location and speed. Another automotive application is an AR dashboard. This allows the driver to identify objects in the dark beyond what is visible through the windshield, overlapping the information provided to the driver to indicate their distance and movement. In the future, wireless modules will enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., pedestrian-accompanying devices). Safety systems will guide drivers through alternative courses of action to reduce the risk of accidents. The next step will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This will require extremely reliable and fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving tasks, leaving drivers to focus solely on traffic as long as the vehicle remains undetectable. The technological requirements for autonomous vehicles will require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, enhancing traffic safety to levels unattainable by humans.

[0047] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, often referred to as smart societies, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. A distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost-effective and energy-efficient maintenance of cities or homes. A similar configuration can be implemented for each home. All temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and appliances will be wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data rates, low power, and low cost. However, real-time HD video monitoring may be required by certain types of devices.

[0048] Higher levels of decentralization of energy consumption and distribution, including heat and gas, require automated control of distributed sensor networks. Smart grids use digital information and communication technologies to collect information and connect sensors to act on the collected information. This information can include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, enabling smart grids to improve the distribution of fuels like electricity through efficiency, reliability, economy, sustainable production, and automation. Smart grids can also be viewed as another low-latency sensor network.

[0049] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the use cases for 5G. The health sector encompasses numerous applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Telecommunications systems can support telemedicine, which provides clinical care from remote locations. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are otherwise unavailable in remote, rural areas. Telemedicine is also used in emergency situations to provide critical care and save lives. Mobile-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0050] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links presents an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, achieving this replacement requires wireless connections with similar latency, reliability, and capacity to cables, and simplified management of wireless connections. With 5G connectivity, low latency and extremely low error rates are emerging requirements.

[0051] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, enabling inventory and package tracking anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight applications typically require low data rates but require wide-range, reliable location information.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (1) includes wireless devices (100a to 100f), a base station (BS) (200), and a network (300). Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of a network of the communication system (1), the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to a 5G system and can be applied to future communication systems beyond the 5G system.

[0053] The base station (200) and the network (300) may be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device may operate as a base station / network node in relation to other wireless devices.

[0054] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) refer to devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may also be referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may include, but are not limited to, robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), portable devices (100d), home appliances (100e), IoT devices (100f), and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles having wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices, and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs) and heads-up displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signs, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0055] In this specification, wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving functions, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a 5G service-related device, or a 4th industrial revolution-related device.

[0056] For example, a UAV may be an aircraft that is unmanned and navigated by radio control signals.

[0057] For example, a VR device may include a device for implementing objects or backgrounds in a virtual environment. For example, an AR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, an MR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them with objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device that implements 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing three-dimensional information using the light interference phenomenon that occurs when two laser lights, called holograms, meet.

[0058] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or imaging device that can be worn on the user's body.

[0059] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. Examples include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0060] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used for diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or damage. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a therapeutic device, a driving device, an (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid, or a surgical device.

[0061] For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent potential hazards and maintain safety. For example, a security device may be a camera, closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0062] For example, a fintech device may be a device capable of providing financial services, such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a point-of-sale system.

[0063] For example, a weather / environment device may include a device that monitors or predicts the weather / environment.

[0064] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a network after 5G. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (200) / network (300). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Additionally, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0065] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and / or between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and a base station (200) and / or between base stations (200). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, device-to-device (D2D) communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the base station (200) can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of the various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present specification.

[0066] AI is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0067] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making decisions, and performing actions on its own can be called an intelligent robot. Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with a drive unit, including an actuator or motor, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots include wheels, brakes, and propellers in their drive unit, enabling them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0068] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving on one's own, while autonomous vehicles refer to vehicles that drive without, or with minimal, user intervention. For example, autonomous driving can include technologies such as lane keeping, automatic speed control like adaptive cruise control, autonomous driving along a set route, and autonomous driving based on a set destination. Vehicles encompass all types of vehicles: those with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles with only electric motors. These vehicles can include not only cars but also trains and motorcycles. Autonomous vehicles can be viewed as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0069] Extended reality is a general term for VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology provides virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a CG technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world. MR technology is similar to AR in that it displays real and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference: while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects equally.

[0070] NR supports multiple numerologies, or subcarrier spacing (SCS), to support diverse 5G services. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; an SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and an SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0071] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (e.g., FR1 and FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) can be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 can include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2, as shown in the examples in Tables 1 and 2.

[0072] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0073] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands may be used for various purposes, such as for communications for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0074] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0075] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (low power wide area network) technology and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced MTC). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE MTC, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0076] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals to / from external devices via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR).

[0078] In FIG. 2, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the base station (200)}, {the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the wireless devices (100a to 100f)}, and / or {the base station (200) and the base station (200)} of FIG. 1.

[0079] The first wireless device (100) may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (106), at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip (101), and / or one or more antennas (108).

[0080] The processing chip (101) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (102), and at least one memory, such as a memory (104). FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the memory (104) is included in the processing chip (101). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (104) may be located external to the processing chip (101).

[0081] The processor (102) may control the memory (104) and / or the transceiver (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal and transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). The processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106) and store information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memory (104).

[0082] A memory (104) may be operatively connected to the processor (102). The memory (104) may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory (104) may store software code (105) that, when executed by the processor (102), implements instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (105) may, when executed by the processor (102), implement instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0083] Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). Each transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present specification, the first wireless device (100) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0084] The second wireless device (200) may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (206), at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip (201), and / or one or more antennas (208).

[0085] The processing chip (201) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (202), and at least one memory, such as a memory (204). FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the memory (204) is included in the processing chip (201). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (204) may be located external to the processing chip (201).

[0086] The processor (202) may control the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signal and transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signal via the transceiver (206). The processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signal via the transceiver (206) and store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signal in the memory (204).

[0087] A memory (204) may be operatively connected to the processor (202). The memory (204) may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory (204) may store software code (205) that, when executed by the processor (202), implements instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (205) may, when executed by the processor (202), implement instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more air interface protocol layers.

[0088] Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). Each transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with the RF unit. In the present specification, the second wireless device (200) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0089] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0090] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and / or microcomputers. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, and / or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware and / or software, and the firmware and / or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, and functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0091] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0092] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, wireless signals, etc., to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, wireless signals, etc. from one or more other devices.

[0093] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208). The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein via the one or more antennas (108, 208). In the present specification, the one or more antennas (108, 208) may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0094] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or a filter. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may up-convert an OFDM baseband signal to an OFDM signal via an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal via an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202).

[0095] In the implementation of the present specification, a UE can operate as a transmitter in the uplink (UL) and as a receiver in the downlink (DL). In the implementation of the present specification, a base station can operate as a receiver in the UL and as a transmitter in the DL. For the sake of convenience of description, it is mainly assumed below that the first wireless device (100) operates as a UE and the second wireless device (200) operates as a base station. For example, a processor (102) connected to, mounted on, or released in the first wireless device (100) can be configured to perform UE operations according to the implementation of the present specification or to control a transceiver (106) to perform UE operations according to the implementation of the present specification. A processor (202) connected to, mounted on, or released in the second wireless device (200) can be configured to perform base station operations according to the implementation of the present specification or to control a transceiver (206) to perform base station operations according to the implementation of the present specification.

[0096] In this specification, a base station may be referred to as a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0097] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0098] Wireless devices can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 1).

[0099] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless devices (100, 200) may correspond to the wireless devices (100, 200) of FIG. 2 and may be configured by various components, devices / parts, and / or modules. For example, each wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication device (110), a control device (120), a memory device (130), and additional components (140). The communication device (110) may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 2. The control device (120) is electrically connected to the communication device (110), the memory device (130), and the additional components (140), and controls the overall operation of each wireless device (100, 200). For example, the control device (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of each wireless device (100, 200) based on programs / codes / commands / information stored in the memory device (130). The control device (120) can transmit information stored in the memory device (130) to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface, or can store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface in the memory device (130).

[0100] The additional component (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device (100, 200). For example, the additional component (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The wireless device (100, 200) may be implemented in the form of, but is not limited to, a robot (100a in FIG. 1), a vehicle (100b-1 and 100b-2 in FIG. 1), an XR device (100c in FIG. 1), a portable device (100d in FIG. 1), a home appliance (100e in FIG. 1), an IoT device (100f in FIG. 1), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (400 in FIG. 1), a base station (200 in FIG. 1), or a network node. The wireless device (100, 200) may be used in a mobile or fixed location depending on the use case / service.

[0101] In FIG. 3, the various components, devices / parts and / or modules of the wireless devices (100, 200) may be connected to each other via a wired interface, or at least some of them may be connected wirelessly via a communication device (110). For example, in each wireless device (100, 200), the control device (120) and the communication device (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control device (120) and the first device (e.g., 130 and 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication device (110). Each component, device / part and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control device (120) may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control device (120) may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory device (130) may be configured by RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0102] <NR에서의 동작 대역>

[0103] The operating band in NR is as follows.

[0104] The operating bands in Table 3 below are refarmed operating bands from the LTE / LTE-A operating bands. These are called FR1 bands.

[0105] NR operating band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_highn11920 MHz - 1980 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDDn21850 MHz - 1910 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzFDDn31710 MHz - 1785 MHz1805 MHz - 1880 MHzFDDn5824 MHz - 849 MHz869 MHz - 894 MHzFDDn72500 MHz - 2570 MHz2620 MHz - 2690 MHzFDDn8880 MHz - 915 MHz925 MHz - 960 MHzFDDn12699 MHz - 716 MHz729 MHz - 746 MHzFDDn20832 MHz - 862 MHz791 MHz - 821 MHzFDDn251850 MHz - 1915 MHz1930 MHz - 1995 MHzFDDn28703 MHz - 748 MHz758 MHz - 803 MHzFDDn342010 MHz - 2025 MHz2010 MHz - 2025 MHzTDDn382570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzTDDn391880 MHz - 1920 MHz1880 MHz - 1920 MHzTDDn402300 MHz - 2400 MHz2300 MHz - 2400 MHzTDDn412496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDDn501432 MHz - 1517 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzTDD1n511427 MHz - 1432 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzTDDn661710 MHz - 1780 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDDn701695 MHz - 1710 MHz1995 MHz - 2020 MHzFDDn71663 MHz - 698 MHz617 MHz - 652 MHzFDDn741427 MHz - 1470 MHz1475 MHz - 1518 MHzFDDn75N / A1432 MHz - 1517 MHzSDLn76N / A1427 MHz - 1432 MHzSDLn773300 MHz - 4200 MHz3300 MHz - 4200MHzTDDn783300 MHz - 3800 MHz3300 MHz - 3800 MHzTDDn794400 MHz - 5000 MHz4400 MHz - 5000 MHzTDDn801710 MHz - 1785 MHzN / ASULn81880 MHz - 915 MHzN / ASULn82832 MHz - 862 MHzN / ASULn83703 MHz - 748 MHzN / ASULn841920 MHz - 1980 MHzN / ASULn861710 MHz - 1780 MHzN / ASUL

[0106] The table below shows the NR operating band defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0107] NR operating band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high n25726500 MHz - 29500 MHz26500 MHz - 29500 MHzTDDn25824250 MHz - 27500 MHz24250 MHz - 27500 MHzTDDn25937000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzTDDn26037000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzFDDn26127500 MHz - 28350 MHz27500 MHz - 28350 MHzFDD

[0108] <6G System General>

[0109] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 5 below. In other words, Table 5 is an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0110] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0111] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0112] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0113] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times the simultaneous wireless connectivity of 5G systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become even more crucial in 6G communications by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms. 6G systems will have significantly higher volumetric spectral efficiency, compared to the commonly used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can offer extremely long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, eliminating the need for separate charging for mobile devices in 6G systems. New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0114] - Satellite integrated network: 6G is expected to integrate with satellites to provide a global mobile network. The integration of terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communications system is crucial for 6G.

[0115] Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0116] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0117] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0118] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0119] - Small cell networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve received signal quality in cellular systems by increasing throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are essential for 5G and beyond-5G (5GB) communication systems. Accordingly, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0120] Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another key feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks comprised of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0121] High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems may be potential solutions to this problem.

[0122] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0123] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two critical features that form the foundation of the design process for 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Furthermore, billions of devices can be shared on a shared physical infrastructure.

[0124] <Key implementation technologies for 6G systems>

[0125] Artificial Intelligence

[0126] The most crucial and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. 4G systems did not involve AI. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will fully support AI for automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communications in 6G. Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

[0127] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0128] Recent attempts to integrate AI into wireless communication systems have focused on the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning in wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research is increasingly evolving to the MAC layer and physical layer, with attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly at the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms, rather than traditional communication frameworks, in the fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0129] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, as well as for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). Furthermore, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0130] Machine learning refers to a series of operations that train machines to perform tasks that humans can or cannot perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly categorized into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0131] Neural network training aims to minimize output errors. It involves repeatedly inputting training data into a neural network, calculating the neural network output and target error for the training data, and backpropagating the neural network error from the output layer to the input layer to update the weights of each node in the neural network to reduce the error.

[0132] Supervised learning uses labeled training data, while unsupervised learning may not have labeled training data. For example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data may be data in which each training data category is labeled. Labeled training data is input to a neural network, and the error can be calculated by comparing the output (categories) of the neural network with the training data labels. The calculated error is backpropagated through the neural network in the backward direction (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated through backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weights of each updated node can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculation of the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, in the early stages of training a neural network, a high learning rate can be used to quickly allow the network to reach a certain level of performance, thereby improving efficiency. In the later stages of training, a low learning rate can be used to improve accuracy.

[0133] Learning methods may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted by a transmitter in a communication system, supervised learning is preferable to unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0134] The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be thought of, but the machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

[0135] The neural network cores used in learning methods are mainly divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN), and spiking neural networks (SNN).

[0136] Terahertz Communication

[0137] Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communications with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0138] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0139] Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0140] Large-scale MIMO

[0141] One of the key technologies for improving spectral efficiency is the application of MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also improves. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be crucial in 6G systems. Because MIMO technology utilizes multiple paths, multiplexing technology must be considered to ensure that data signals can be transmitted along more than one path, as well as beam generation and operation technologies suitable for the THz band.

[0142] Hologram Beam Forming (HBF)

[0143] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit a wireless signal in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, including high signal-to-noise ratio, interference avoidance and rejection, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a novel beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a highly effective approach for efficient and flexible signal transmission and reception in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0144] Optical wireless technology

[0145] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) light to transmit signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390–750 nm) is commonly referred to as visible light communication (VLC). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be utilized to implement VLC. VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and vehicular networks.

[0146] VLC offers the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is unlicensed and can provide a wide bandwidth (up to THz). Second, VLC causes minimal significant interference with other electromagnetic devices. Therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers advantages in communication security and privacy. Visible light, the transmission medium of VLC-based networks, cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, VLC's transmission range can be limited to indoor areas, protecting users' privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can utilize lighting sources as base stations, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0147] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, or a vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for communication or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point optical wireless communication (OWC) system on the ground. FSO can operate in the near-infrared frequency range (750-1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used to implement FSO, and it offers high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), potentially offering a solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0148] These OWC technologies are designed for 6G communications, in addition to RF-based communications for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technologies have already been used since 4G communication systems, but they will be used more widely to meet the demands of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and optical band-based FSO communication are already well-known. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0149] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on its wide bandwidth. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that illuminates a target using near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light, detecting the reflected light with a light sensor to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0150] FSO Backhaul Network

[0151] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber-optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber-optic system. Therefore, FSO can be a promising technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems, in conjunction with fiber-optic networks. Using FSO, ultra-long-distance communications are possible, even over distances exceeding 10,000 km. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote areas, such as the ocean, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station (BS) connections.

[0152] Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

[0153] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and airborne networks to support vertically expanded user communications. 3D BSs will be provided via low-Earth orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in altitude and associated degrees of freedom significantly differentiates 3D connectivity from existing 2D networks. NR considers Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) as one approach to achieving this. NTNs are networks or network segments that utilize RF resources onboard satellites (or UAS platforms). Common NTN scenarios, which provide access to user equipment, include transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0154] - One or more sat-gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0155] - GEO satellites are served by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite's target coverage area (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat-gateway.

[0156] Non-GEO satellites that provide continuous service from one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between consecutively serving satellite gateways with sufficient time duration to allow for mobile anchoring and handover.

[0157] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0158] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0159] A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. The satellite (or UAS platform) typically generates multiple beams for a designated service area, depending on its field of view. The beam's footprint is typically elliptical. The satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view varies depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle.

[0160] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0161] - Replay payload: radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is essentially equivalent to embedding all or part of a base station function (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0162] - Optionally, for satellite constellations, inter-satellite link (ISL) is available. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate in RF or wideband.

[0163] - User equipment is serviced by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target service area.

[0164] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional or local services.

[0165] Typically, LEO and MEO constellations are used to provide services in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can even provide global coverage, including polar regions. This requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and inter-satellite links.

[0166] Quantum Communication

[0167] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that applies quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communication, overcoming limitations of existing information and communication technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computation. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in the binary bits of 0 and 1 used in existing communication technologies, or that are difficult to express. Unlike existing communication technologies that use wavelength or amplitude to transmit information between a transmitter and a receiver, quantum communication utilizes photons, the smallest unit of light, to transmit information between the transmitter and receiver. In particular, quantum communication can utilize quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility regarding the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), enabling communication with perfect security. Furthermore, under certain conditions, quantum communication may also enable ultra-high-speed communication by exploiting quantum entanglement.

[0168] Cell-free Communication

[0169] Tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial for 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without requiring any manual configuration on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, user movement from one cell to another in dense networks results in excessive handovers, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cell-free communications will overcome all of these challenges and provide improved QoS.

[0170] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources, assisted by a fronthaul network and CPU." A single terminal is served by a collection of APs, called an AP cluster. There are several methods for forming AP clusters. Among them, a cluster composed of APs that can significantly improve terminal reception performance is called terminal-centric clustering, and this method dynamically updates the cluster configuration as the terminal moves. By introducing this terminal-centric AP clustering technique, the terminal is always located at the center of the AP cluster, thereby avoiding inter-cluster interference that can occur when the terminal is located at the edge of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and heterogeneous radios in the devices.

[0171] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0172] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery-powered wireless systems. Therefore, battery-less devices will be supported by 6G communications.

[0173] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0174] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously sensing dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

[0175] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0176] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected to backhaul connections, such as fiber optics and FSO networks. To accommodate the massive number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

[0177] Big Data Analysis

[0178] Big data analytics is a complex process for analyzing diverse, large-scale data sets, or "big data." This process uncovers hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer trends, ensuring complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources, such as video, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0179] Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0180] Many studies have been conducted that consider the wireless environment as an optimization target variable along with the transmitter and receiver. The wireless environment created using this approach is called a Smart Radio Environment (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environment (IRE) to emphasize its fundamental difference from past design and optimization standards. Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna) technologies that enable SRE, including Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0181] THz band signals have strong linearity, which can create many shadow areas due to obstacles. RIS technology, which enables expanded communication coverage, enhanced communication stability, and additional value-added services by installing RIS near these shadow areas, is becoming increasingly important. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS may appear to be an extension of massive MIMO, it differs from massive MIMO in its array structure and operating mechanism. Furthermore, RIS operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, meaning it passively reflects signals without using active RF chains, which offers the advantage of low power consumption. Furthermore, because each passive reflector in RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, this can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift via the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0182] In addition to reflecting wireless signals, RISs also exist that can control transmission and refraction characteristics. These RISs are primarily used for outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides both reflection and transmission, has also been actively researched.

[0183] Metaverse

[0184] The metaverse is a portmanteau of "meta," meaning "virtual" or "transcendent," and "universe," meaning "cosmos." Generally, the metaverse is used to refer to a "three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities similar to those in the real world are facilitated."

[0185] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology enabling the metaverse, can expand real-world experiences and deliver exceptional immersion by merging the virtual and real. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks enable users to experience even more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).

[0186] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0187] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to inform each other of dangerous situations, and vehicles must communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to confirm information such as parking location and signal change times. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0188] To maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, as autonomous driving moves beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers, actively intervening in driving and directly controlling the vehicle in dangerous situations requires a vast amount of information to be transmitted and received, 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0189] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0190] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed wireless connections will be provided using UAV technology. BS entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes, volatile environments make it impossible to provide services. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0191] Blockchain

[0192] Blockchain will become a crucial technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology. A distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchains are managed by a peer-to-peer network and can exist without being managed by a central authority or server. Data on a blockchain is collected and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using cryptography. Blockchain perfectly complements large-scale IoT with its inherently enhanced interoperability, security, privacy, reliability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology offers several features, such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction with other IoT systems, and the massive connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0193] <Random Access Channel (RACH) 절차>

[0194] FIGS. 6A to 6E illustrate examples of RACH procedures applicable to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0195] Referring to FIGS. 6A to 6E, a RACH procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described. The embodiments of FIGS. 6A to 6E may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0196] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, when RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements) are described, the UE can satisfy these RF requirements. For example, the UE can be tested to satisfy the RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a UE that satisfies these RF requirements can perform a RACH procedure. When the UE transmits a message, data, signaling, etc. to the gNB, the UE satisfies the Tx RF performance requirements described in the first embodiment of the present specification. When the UE receives a message, data, signaling, etc. from the gNB, the UE satisfies the Rx RF performance requirement described in the first embodiment of the present specification.

[0197] To connect a UE to a 5G network, the UE and the 5G network must be synchronized in both uplink and downlink. Downlink synchronization occurs when the UE successfully decodes the SSB transmitted by the gNB. To establish uplink synchronization and RRC connection, the UE must perform a RACH random access procedure.

[0198] Two types of random access procedures are supported: a four-step Random Access (RA) type using MSG1 and a two-step RA type using MSGA.

[0199] Two types of RA procedures can support Contention Based Random Access (CBRA) and Contention Free Random Access (CFRA), as shown in Figures 6a through 6e below, respectively. The UE can select the random access type when initiating a random access procedure depending on network settings.

[0200] Referring to FIGS. 6a and 6c, a four-step RA type using MSG1 is described.

[0201] MSG1 of the 4-step RA type includes a preamble of the PRACH. The UE transmits MSG1. After transmitting MSG1, the UE monitors the network for a response within a set period of time.

[0202] For the CBRA example of FIG. 6a, when the UE receives a random access response (MSG2) from the gNB, the UE can transmit MSG3 using the UL grant scheduled by the response message. The UE can then monitor contention resolution. If contention resolution is not successful after (re)transmitting MSG3, the UE performs MSG1 transmission again.

[0203] For the CFRA example in Figure 6c, a dedicated preamble for MSG1 transmission is allocated by the network. The gNB transmits the RA preamble allocation to the UE. The UE transmits MSG1, which includes a random access preamble, to the gNB. Upon receiving a random access response from the network, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0204] Referring to Figures 6b, 6d, and 6e, a two-step RA type is described. The MSGA of the two-step RA type includes a random access preamble of the PRACH and a PUSCH payload. After the UE transmits the MSGA, the UE monitors the network's response within a configured window.

[0205] For CBRA according to the example of Fig. 6b, if the UE successfully resolves the contention after receiving a network response (e.g., MSGB), the UE terminates the random access procedure. If a fallback indication is received within the MSGB, the UE performs MSG3 transmission using the UL grant reserved in the fallback indication, as shown in Fig. 6e, and monitors contention resolution. If the contention resolution is not successful after the MSG3 (re)transmission, the UE performs MSGA transmission again.

[0206] For CFRA according to the example of FIG. 6d, the UE can receive an RA preamble allocation and a PUSCH allocation from the gNB. Then, dedicated preamble and PUSCH resources can be configured for MSGA transmission. The UE transmits the MSGA. When the UE receives a network response, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0207] If the random access procedure of type 2 RA is not completed after several MSGA transmissions, the UE may be configured to transition to CBRA of type 4 RA.

[0208] <Disclosure of this Specification>

[0209] In mobile communication technologies including 5G NR, Carrier Aggregation (CA) combinations or Dual Connectivity (DC) combinations based on various bands may be supported. For either CA or DC combinations, it is necessary to define the Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) due to self-interference at the terminal receiving end for the operator's CA band combination or DC band combination. Defining this MSD can allow for mitigation of the terminal's reception sensitivity. Alternatively, defining this MSD can additionally utilize elements that mitigate intermodulation distortion (IMD) and / or distortion caused by harmonic components (e.g., using a harmonic trap filter, defining a measurement method in an area where there is no desense caused by IMD).

[0210] New CA / DC band combinations are continuously being added. However, the conventional technology has a problem in that MSD requirements for these new CA / DC band combinations are completely undefined. This leads to coexistence issues for each band combination, necessitating analysis of intermodulation.

[0211] In the disclosure of this specification, we define MSD requirements related to new CA / DC band combinations to ensure the UE's Rx performance when the UE performs CA and / or DC-based communications. For example, in the disclosure of this specification, we analyze the IMD related to various DC band combinations or CA band combinations, and analyze the MSD applicable to the receiver sensitivity. In various examples of the disclosure of this specification, we analyze the MSD due to intermodulation distortion for the band combinations, and propose MSD values ​​for each band.

[0212] Furthermore, in the disclosure of this specification, the MSD can be analyzed by considering the RF structure implemented by the terminal in the corresponding band combination. Based on the MSD analysis, exceptions to the reception sensitivity requirements for the corresponding band combination can be specified in the standard. Accordingly, exceptions can be applied to the reception sensitivity test of the corresponding terminal.

[0213] For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, the term terminal may be used as a term having the same meaning as User Equipment (UE).

[0214] According to the disclosure examples of this specification, a UE and / or a network (e.g., a base station) can perform CA operations. In this case, the disclosure examples of this specification analyze self-interference occurring in the UE and propose relaxed specifications for sensitivity to such self-interference.

[0215] First, an example of self-interference is explained with reference to the example in Fig. 7.

[0216] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0217] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a situation in which an uplink signal transmitted through an uplink operating band affects the reception of a downlink signal through a downlink operating band.

[0218] In Fig. 7, IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) can mean amplitude modulation of a signal containing two or more different frequencies due to nonlinearity or time variation of the system. Intermodulation between frequency components can form additional components not only at frequencies that are not at the harmonic frequencies (integer multiples) of either frequency, as in harmonic distortion, but also at frequencies that are the sum and difference frequencies of the original frequencies, and the sum and difference of multiples of these frequencies.

[0219] Referring to FIG. 7, an example in which CA is configured for a UE is illustrated. For example, the UE may perform CA-based communication based on one downlink operating band (DL Band Z) and one uplink operating band (UL Band Y). In the example of FIG. 7, only an example in which two uplink operating bands are used and one downlink operating band is used is illustrated to analyze the impact of IMD, but this is merely an example. The scope of the disclosure of the present specification may also include cases in which one or more downlink operating bands and two or more uplink operating bands are used.

[0220] As illustrated in FIG. 7, in a situation where one downlink operating band and two uplink operating bands are configured for CA, the UE can transmit an uplink signal through the two uplink operating bands. In this case, harmonic components and IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) components generated based on the frequency band of the uplink signal may belong to its own downlink band. That is, when the terminal transmits an uplink signal in the example of FIG. 7, harmonic components and IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) components may occur, which may affect the downlink band of the terminal itself.

[0221] When a UE receives a downlink signal, it must be set to satisfy a reference sensitivity power level (REFSENS), which is the minimum average power for each antenna port of the UE.

[0222] When harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, as in the example of Fig. 7, there is a possibility that REFSENS for the downlink signal may not be satisfied due to the uplink signal transmitted by the UE itself. The reference sensitivity power level REFSENS may be the minimum average power applied to each UE antenna port for all UE categories. Based on REFSENS, the throughput must meet or exceed the requirements of the specified reference measurement channel.

[0223] For example, REFSENS can be set so that the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. If harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, the downlink signal throughput may be reduced to less than 95% of the maximum throughput.

[0224] Therefore, if harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, it can be determined whether harmonic components and IMD components of the UE occur, and since the MSD (Maximum Sensitivity Degradation) value is defined for the corresponding frequency band, relaxation for REFSENS in the receive band related to its own transmit signal can be allowed. Here, MSD can mean the maximum allowable reduction of REFSENS. If MSD is defined for a specific operating band of a UE for which CA or DC is set, REFSENS of the corresponding operating band can be relaxed by the amount of the defined MSD.

[0225] The IMD component affecting the victim band is calculated, and the MSD value can be analyzed by considering the IMD component. Inter modulation can refer to a distorted signal that occurs when two UL signals pass through a nonlinear element. When analyzing the IMD component, the two UL bands can be basically assumed as UL aggressors and the IMD component can be analyzed. Among the DL bands, the band affected by the IMD component can be selected as the DL victim, and the IMD component for this can be analyzed and the MSD value can be determined respectively. For example, if UL band X and UL band Y affect not only DL band Z but also DL band B, the MSD for DL ​​band B can also be calculated.

[0226] In various examples of the disclosure of this specification, the components illustrated in FIG. 8 may be used for IMD component analysis and MSD calculation. The components of FIG. 8 may correspond to the components included in FIGS. 10 to 12.

[0227] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0228] FIG. 8 is an example of elements according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0229] Referring to the examples in FIG. 8, the shapes, names, insertion losses, and isolation factors of elements used in various examples of the disclosure of the present specification are illustrated.

[0230] For example, the insertion loss of a duplexer for the FDD band is 1 dB. The isolation factor is 50 for the near band and 15 for the high band. The near band can refer to a frequency close to the operating frequency of the duplexer or filter. For example, if the operating frequency of the duplexer is 1.2 to 1.4 GHz, the surrounding area within 100 MHz can be considered the near band. The unit of the isolation factor is dB.

[0231] Additionally, for the characteristics of components used in the structure of the UE in various examples of the disclosure of this specification, reference may be made to Table 6.

[0232] ComponentIP2 (dBm)IP3 (dBm)IP4 (dBm)IP5 (dBm)IP56(dBm)IP7 (dBm)Ant. Switch1126855555758.5Diplexer1158555555758.5Duplexer1007555535556.5Triplexer1127255535556.5Quadplexer1137255525455.5PA Forward28.53030283031.5PA Reversed403030303233.5LNA000-10-8-6.5

[0233] Table 6 shows examples of element linearity characteristics of component parameters.

[0234] Here, IP n can refer to the nth-order intercept point. For example, IP4 is the 4th-order intercept point. LNA can refer to a low noise amplifier. PA can refer to a power amplifier. Ant. Switch can refer to an antenna switch.

[0235] In the disclosure of this specification, IMD and MSD can be analyzed.

[0236] The New Radio (NR) band combinations described in the examples of the disclosure of this specification may include operating bands 1, n28, n77 combinations (e.g., DC_1A-n28A-n77), operating bands 1, n42, n77 combinations (e.g., DC_1A-42A-n77A), and operating bands n1, n41, n77 combinations (e.g., DC_1A-41A-n77A).

[0237] For example, coexistence issues can be considered for different band combinations.

[0238] For example, for DC_1A_n28A-n77A, the following coexistence issues can be considered. For example, the IMD5 component of UL_1 and UL_n77 can affect DL_n28. The IMD6 component of UL_1 and UL_n77 can affect DL_n28. The IMD3 component of UL_1 and UL_n28 can affect DL_n77. The IMD4 component of UL_1 and UL_n28 can affect DL_n77. The IMD1 component of UL_28 and UL_n77 can affect DL_1.

[0239] For example, for DC_1-42A_n77A, the following coexistence issues can be considered. For example, the IMD4 components of UL_1 and UL_n77 can affect DL_42. The IMD5 components of UL_1 and UL_n77 can affect DL_42. The IMD4 components of UL_1 and UL_42 can affect DL_n77. The IMD5 components of UL_1 and UL_42 can affect DL_n77. The IMD5 components of UL_42 and UL_n77 can affect DL_1.

[0240] For example, for CA_n1A-n41A-n77A, the following coexistence issues can be considered. For example, the IMD3 components of UL_n1 and UL_n41 can affect DL_n77. The IMD4 components of UL_n1 and UL_n41 can affect DL_n77. The IMD4 components of UL_n1 and UL_n77 can affect DL_n41. The IMD5 components of UL_n1 and UL_n77 can affect DL_n41. The IMD4 components of UL_n41 and UL_n77 can affect DL_n1.

[0241] First, examples of MSD analysis results according to the examples disclosed in this specification will be described. Examples of MSD analysis results may include analysis results for DC_1A_n28A-n77A, DC_1A-42A_n77A, and CA_n1A-n41A-n77A. The IMD analysis for each band combination was derived based on various examples of the UE structure, component characteristics, etc. disclosed in this specification, which will be described below.

[0242] EN-DC setting EUTRA or NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULL CRB DL F c (MHz)MSD(dB)IMD OrderDC_1A_n28A-n77A11496525N / AN / AN / An28748525N / AN / AN / An77N / A1050 347615.5IMD311920525N / AN / AN / An7737501050N / AN / AN / An28N / A52526103.7IMD5

[0243] Table 7 provides examples of MSD test points for SCells under dual uplink operation for E-UTRA NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) in NR FR1 (three bands). Note that the examples in Table 7 can be applied to the default power class, power class 3.

[0244] According to the example in Table 7, when DC based on bands 1, n28, and n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 15.5 dB can be applied for the downlink band n77 based on the UE transmitting the uplink signal based on band 1, band n28.

[0245] According to the example in Table 7, when DC based on band 1, n28, n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 3.7 dB can be applied for the downlink band n28 based on the UE transmitting the uplink signal based on band 1, band n77.

[0246] EN-DC setting EUTRA band or NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULL CRB DL F c (MHz)MSD(dB)IMD OrderDC_1A_n28A-n77A11496525N / AN / AN / An28748525N / AN / AN / An77N / A1050 347624.5IMD311920525N / AN / AN / An7737501050N / AN / AN / An28N / A525261018.7IMD5

[0247] Table 8 is an example of MSD test points of SCell due to dual uplink operation of PC2 EN-DC in NR FR1 (3 bands).

[0248] According to the example in Table 8, when DC based on bands 1, n28, and n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 24.5 dB can be applied for the downlink band n77 based on the UE transmitting the uplink signal based on band 1, band n28.

[0249] According to the example in Table 8, when DC based on band 1, n28, n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 18.7 dB can be applied for the downlink band n28 based on the UE transmitting the uplink signal based on band 1, band n77.

[0250] For example, REFSENS associated with downlink band n28 can be relaxed by the MSD value of 18.7 dB.

[0251] Specifically, for UE, DC based on bands 1, n28, and n77 can be set.

[0252] In this case, since the signal transmitted from uplink band 1 and n77 may affect the downlink band n28 (e.g., the effect of the IMD5 component), REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 18.7 dB. For example, the UE may transmit an uplink signal through a channel with an uplink center frequency of 1920 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band 1 and a channel with an uplink center frequency of 3750 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz in band n77. In this situation, when the UE receives a downlink signal through a channel with a downlink center frequency of 2610 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band n28, REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 18.7 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers of the UE may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. A UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0253] EN-DC setting EUTRA band or NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULL CRB DL F c (MHz)MSD(dB)IMD orderDC_1A_42A-n77A11920525N / AN / AN / An7741001050N / AN / AN / A42N / A5N / A34803.2IMD5(NOTE 2 applies)NOTE 2: IMD4, which is not specified by MSD, may be applied in this band.

[0254] Table 9 is an example of MSD test points of SCell according to dual uplink operation of EN-DC in NR FR1 (3 bands).

[0255] According to the example in Table 9, when DC based on bands 1, 42, and n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 3.2 dB can be applied for downlink band 42 based on the UE transmitting an uplink signal based on band 1, band n77.

[0256] EN-DC setting EUTRA band or NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULL CRB DL F c (MHz)MSD(dB)IMD orderDC_1A_42A-n77A11920525N / AN / AN / An7741001050N / AN / AN / A42N / A5N / A348018.2IMD5(NOTE 2 applies)NOTE 2: IMD4, which is not specified by MSD, may be applied in this band.

[0257] Table 10 is an example of MSD test points of SCell according to dual uplink operation of EN-DC in NR FR1 (3 bands).

[0258] According to the example in Table 10, when DC based on bands 1, 42, and n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 18.2 dB can be applied for downlink band 42 based on the UE transmitting an uplink signal based on band 1, band n77.

[0259] Bandwidth / Channel Bandwidth / N RB / Duplex mode NR CA band combination NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULC LRB DL F c(MHz)MSD(dB)Duplex modeIMD sourceCA_n1-n41-n77n119705252160N / AFDDN / An41265010502650N / ATDDN / An77N / A10N / A333028.9TDDIMD3(NOTES 1, 2 APPLY)n119755102165N / AFDDN / An77341010503410N / ATDDN / An41N / A10N / A251521.0TDDIMD4(NOTE 1 APPLY)n41264010502640N / ATDDN / An77371010503710N / ATDDN / An1N / A5N / A214020.4FDDIMD4Note 1: This band does not have IMD5 not specified by MSD may be applied. Note 2: IMD4 not specified by MSD may be applied to this band.

[0260] Table 11 shows examples of Powerclass 2 (PC2) 3DL / 2UL band-to-band reference sensitivity and uplink / downlink settings.

[0261] According to the example in Table 11, when CA based on bands n1, n41, and n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 28.9 dB can be applied for the downlink band n77 based on the UE transmitting the uplink signal based on band n1, and band n41.

[0262] According to the example in Table 11, when CA based on bands n1, n41, and n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 20.4 dB can be applied for the downlink band n1 based on the UE transmitting the uplink signal based on bands n41 and n77.

[0263] Since the intensities of the IMD6 and IMD7 signals are lower than refsens, there is no need to define MSDs for IMD6 and IMD7.

[0264] The MSD values ​​included in Tables 7 to 11 may be subject to a tolerance of ±α. For example, α may be 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, , ..., 2.0. That is, the range of MSD values ​​suggested in the various examples of the disclosure of the present specification may include MSD values ​​with a tolerance of ±α. The description of the tolerance may equally be applied to the various MSD values ​​described below.

[0265] For DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in DC_1A_n28A-n77, IMD5 of PC3 UE is analyzed for CA based on two uplink bands (e.g., CA_n1A-n77A).

[0266] When conducting MSD analysis, a co-existence study can be performed first. For example, this can identify which IMD order in the aggressor band affects the victim band. For example, if DC_1A_n28A-n77 is configured, the co-existence study results for uplink DC_n1A-n77A (or CA_n1A-n77A) are as shown in Table 12.

[0267] Two-tone 5th IMD product|2*fx_low - 3*fy_high||2*fx_high - 3*fy_low||2*fy_low - 3*fx_high||2*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 876059406602640 Two-tone 5th IMD product|2*fx_low + 3*fy_low||2*fx_high + 3*fy_high||2*fy_low + 3*fx_low||2*fy_high + 3*fx_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 13740165601236014340 Two-tone 6th IMD product|fx_low - 5*fy_high||fx_high - 5*fy_low||fy_low - 5*fx_high||fy_high - 5*fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz) 190801452066005400Two-tone 6th IMD Product|fx_low + 5*fy_low||fx_high + 5*fy_high||fy_low + 5*fx_low||fy_high + 5*fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz) 18420229801290014100Two-tone 6th IMD Product|2*fx_low - 4*fy_high||2*fx_high - 4*fy_low||2*fy_low - 4*fx_high||2*fy_high - 4*fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz) 1296092401320720

[0268] According to the example in Table 12, the orders affecting the victim band n28 (758-803MHz) are identified as IMD5 (-3, 2) and IMD6 (-4, 2).

[0269] In the example of Table 12, fx_low can be 1920 MHz, which is the smallest value of the uplink frequency band of band n1, and fx_high can be 1980 MHz, which is the largest value of the uplink frequency band of n1. In Table 12, fy_low can be 3300 MHz, which is the smallest value of the uplink frequency band of band n77, and fx_high can be 4200 MHz, which is the largest value of the uplink frequency band of n77.

[0270] Below, with reference to Table 12, Figs. 9 and 10, the influence of IMD and MSD for the 1, n28, n77 band combination (e.g., DC_1A_n28-n77A) are analyzed.

[0271] First, referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, an example will be described in which UL band 1 and n77 are aggressors that generate IMD5 and DL band n28 is a victim.

[0272] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0273] FIG. 9 is an example of intermodulation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0274] Figure 9 illustrates a coexistence issue due to self-interference (e.g., IMD5) occurring for downlink band n28 when DC based on band combinations 1, n28, and n77 is configured for the UE.

[0275] For example, if an uplink signal is transmitted based on band 1 and band n77, and a downlink signal is received based on band n28, IMD 5 may be the IMD affecting band n28.

[0276] Referring to FIG. 9, the 5th order IMD (IMD 5) component of the uplink signal transmitted in uplink band 1 and the uplink signal transmitted in uplink band n77 can fall within the frequency range of downlink band n28.

[0277] For example, the worst case scenario where the impact of IMD 5 is greatest within the frequency range of downlink band n28 could be as follows: the center frequency of uplink band 1 is 1950 MHz, the center frequency of uplink band n77 is 3320 MHz, and the center frequency of downlink operating band n28 is 790 MHz. In addition, the UL L of band 1 CRB is 25, and the UL BW can be 5MHz. UL L of band n77 CRB is 50, and the UL BW can be 10MHz. The DL BW of the downlink band can be 5MHz. Here, L CRB is the length of contiguous resource block. 6640

[0278] In this case, since 3320*2-1950*3=790, the frequency of the IMD5 component based on uplink band 1 and band n77 matches the center frequency of downlink band n71.

[0279] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0280] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC or CA based on bands 1, n28, and n77 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0281] The example in Fig. 10 is an example of the architecture of a UE in which DC or CA is set based on bands 1, n28, and n77.

[0282] The UE architecture according to the DC band combination (e.g., band 1, n28, n77) can be proposed as follows.

[0283] Referring to the example in Fig. 10, the two inverted triangles located at the very top may be antennas.

[0284] Typically, a device called a diplexer may exist at the stage following the antenna to classify paths according to band. In the example of Fig. 10, the diplexer includes the L-band and the H-band. The diplexer divides the L-band path and the H-band path based on 3 GHz. When a signal passes through the diplexer, the L-band signal is transmitted to the L-band path, and the H-band signal is transmitted to the H-band path.

[0285] Following the diplexer is the Single Power Multi-Thru (SPMT) switch. Simply put, the SPMT switch is a switch that creates a path to handle a specific band. The SPMT switch isolates the remaining paths.

[0286] The next stage after the SPMT switch is a duplexer. The duplexer functions similarly to a diplexer. It can process the Tx and Rx paths separately. Each duplexer is followed by a Band Pass Filter (BPS).

[0287] In the next stage of each BPF, there is a PA in the case of the Tx path, and an LNA in the case of the Rx path. In the example of Fig. 10, the triangle with stripes may be an LNA corresponding to the high band, which is a relatively high frequency band, and the black triangle may be an LNA corresponding to the low band, which is a relatively low frequency band. The uncolored triangle may be a PA. The same explanation may be applied to Figs. 11 and 12.

[0288] The UE RF architecture can be configured as an architecture like the example in Fig. 10 based on DC combination.

[0289] As in the example of Fig. 10, if an architecture is configured according to a DC combination and the aggressor band and victim band according to a DC band combination are known, the IMD component according to the path can be analyzed.

[0290] The IMD component is generated from a PA with aggressor non-linearity characteristics. That is, in the DC combination above, the IMD component can be generated from the PA of Band 1, n77.

[0291] The paths by which IMD can be generated in each band's PA are analyzed as follows. Referring to the architecture according to the example in Fig. 10, the paths by which IMD components are generated can be classified into the following five types.

[0292] 1. 1 (isolation path, output) + n77 (input)

[0293] 2. 1 (direct path, output) + n77 (output)

[0294] 3. n77 (isolation path, output) + 1 (input)

[0295] 4. n77 (direct path, output) + 1 (output)

[0296] 5. 1 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA

[0297] Here, the meaning of “1. 1 (isolation path, output) + n77 (input)” means that the signal from the output of the PA of band 1 passes through the isolation path, and then the input power of the signal entering the PA of n77 creates intermodulation. 2, 3, and 4 can also be interpreted in the same way as above.

[0298] The last “5.1 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA” means that the signal from the PA of band 1 and the output of the PA of band n77 passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA. Here, the ‘isolation path’ refers to the path that the signal passes through the PCB, and the ‘direct path’ refers to the path that passes through the isolation of each component.

[0299] The example in Table 13 is an example of path loss based on each path for analyzing IMD.

[0300] Path loss1->n77(direct)1(dup)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+30(BPF)+1(SPDT)=49n77->1(direct)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+ 15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+15(Dup) = 34n77->n28(div)1(SPDT)+30(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+10(ant isol) +2(Dip) +1(SPMT) +1(BPF) =611->n28(div)20(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(ant isol) +2(Dip) +1(SPMT) +1(Dup) =37n28->n28(div)1(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(ant isol) +2(Dip) +1 +1(SPMT) +1(Dup)=18n77->n28(IMD)1(SPDT)+30(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(Dup)=49n1->n28(IMD)20(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(Dup)=25

[0301] In the example of Table 13, the isolation value of each element used when calculating path loss follows the example of Fig. 8.

[0302] In cases 1-4, the IMD values ​​generated from the signals undergo isolation of the components again and affect the victim LNA. In case 5, since there is no additional path to consider, the signal passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA, and the calculated IMD signal size is the final IMD value.

[0303] At this time, the IP (Intercept Point) values ​​for calculating the isolation values ​​and IMD for all paths are based on the values ​​in the example of Fig. 8. The values ​​are calculated as shown in Table 14 below.

[0304] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) Path Loss (dB) IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) - Path Loss (dB) 1. 1(Isolation Path, Output) + n77(Input) - 210 n77->n28(IMD) = 49-259 2. 1(Direct Path, Output) + n77(Output) - 137 n77->n28(IMD) = 49-186 3. n77(Isolation Path, Output) + 1(Input) - 170 n1->n28(IMD) = 25-195 4. n77(Direct Path, Output) + 1(Output) - 58 n1->n28(IMD) = 25-83 5. 1(Isolation Path, Output) and n77(Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-1380-138 IMD-83

[0305] The IMD according to the example in Table 14 is -83 dBm. For example, the IMD is calculated by the following mathematical formula: It can also be calculated based on. For each of A, B, C, D, and E, values ​​according to numbers 1 to 5 of the examples in Table 14 can be applied.

[0306] The IMD size based on diversity can be calculated by subtracting the isolation values ​​of the components that the signal passes through before passing from the PA of the main chain considered above (e.g., the signals according to 1-5) to the antenna isolation and then to the LNA components of diversity. The results are as shown in the example in Table 15.

[0307] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) Path Loss (dB) IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) - Path Loss (dB) 1. 1(Isolation path, output) + n77(input) - 210 n77->n28(div) = 61-27 12. 1(Direct path, output) + n77(output) - 137 n77->n28(div) = 61-1983 n77(Isolation path, output) + 1(input) - 170 1-> n28(div) = 37-2074 n77(Direct path, output) + 1(output) - 58 1-> n28(div) = 37-95 5. 1(Isolation path, output) and n77(Isolation path, output) at victim LNA - 138 n28->n28(div) = 18-156 IMD-95

[0308] Based on the example in Table 15, the IMD according to diversity is -95dBm.

[0309] As shown in the examples in Table 14 and Table 15, the IMD value can be derived by adding the IMD signals calculated in each chain.

[0310] Antenna Isolation, dB10, Front-end Loss, dB (FDD), dB4, Front-end Loss, dB (TDD), dB5, Duplexer Up / Down Isolation, dB5, Duplexer High-Frequency Band Isolation, dB2, Diplexer H / L Band Isolation, dB15, Antenna Isolation, dB15, Filter Isolation, dB3, PCB Isolation, dB6, PA Forward IP528, PA Reverse IP528

[0311] Table 16 shows an example of parameters used in MSD analysis based on IMD5 for DC_1A_n28-n77.

[0312] Main Total IMD 5-83 dBmDiv Total IMD 5-95 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)3.7 dB

[0313] Table 17 shows examples of IMD5 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD5, Div total IMD5) and MSD value analysis for DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77.

[0314] Main Total IMD 5 is the sum of IMD 5 components generated in the main path based on the structure of Fig. 10 and the examples in Tables 13, 14, and 16. Div Total IMD 5 is the sum of IMD 5 components due to diversity Rx interference based on the structure of Fig. 10 and the examples in Tables 13, 15, and 16. After MRC is the value after applying MRC.

[0315] MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin) is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total IMD 5 and Div total IMD 5 values.

[0316] Proposal Example 1: If the uplink configuration is based on CA_n1A-n77A, the IMD5 MSD value for 3Tx CA_n28A_n41A-n77A with PC3 can be 3.7 dB.

[0317] Below, we analyze IMD and MSD for DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77. For example, in DC_1A_n28A-n77, we analyze IMD3 of PC3 UE for CA based on two uplink bands (e.g., CA_n1A-n28A).

[0318] When conducting MSD analysis, a co-existence study can be performed first. For example, this can identify which IMD order in the aggressor band affects the victim band. For example, if DC_1A_n28A-n77 is configured, the co-existence study results for uplink DC_n1A-n28A (or CA_n1A-n28A) are as shown in Table 18.

[0319] Two-tone 3rd IMD product|2*fx_low + fy_low||2*fx_high + fy_high||2*fy_low + fx_low||2*fy_high + fx_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 4543470833263476Two-tone 4th IMD product|3*fx_low - fy_high||3*fx_high - fy_low||3*fy_low - fx_high||3*fy_high - fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 50125237129324Two-tone 4th IMD product|3*fx_low + fy_low||3*fx_high + fy_high||3*fy_low + fx_low||3*fy_high + fx_high|IMD frequency Limit (MHz) 6463668840294224 Two-tone 6th IMD product | 3*fx_low - 3*fy_high | | 3*fx_high - 3*fy_low | | 3*fy_low - 3*fx_high | | 3*fy_high - 3*fx_low | IMD frequency limit (MHz) 3516383138313516

[0320] According to the example in Table 18, the orders affecting the victim band n77 (3300-4200MHz) are identified as IMD3 (1, 2), IMD4 (1, 3), and IMD6 (3,-3).

[0321] In the example of Table 18, fx_low can be 1920 MHz, which is the smallest value of the uplink frequency band of band n1, and fx_high can be 1980 MHz, which is the largest value of the uplink frequency band of n1. In Table 18, fy_low can be 703 MHz, which is the smallest value of the uplink frequency band of band n28, and fx_high can be 748 MHz, which is the largest value of the uplink frequency band of n28.

[0322] For example, in DC_1A_n28A-n77, for IMD3 of PC3 UE related to CA (e.g., CA_n1A-n28A) based on two uplink bands, the UE structure of Fig. 10 described above may be referred to. In this case, the point that n28, which is the victim band of the UE structure of Fig. 10, is changed to n77 may be different.

[0323] If the architecture is configured according to the DC combination and the aggressor band and victim band according to the DC band combination are known, the IMD component according to the path can be analyzed.

[0324] The IMD component is generated in a PA with aggressor non-linearity characteristics. That is, in the DC combination above, the IMD component can be generated in the PA of Band 1, n28.

[0325] The paths by which IMD can be generated in each band's PA are analyzed as follows. Referring to the architecture according to the example in Fig. 10, the paths by which IMD components are generated can be classified into the following five types.

[0326] 1. 1 (isolation path, output) + n28 (input)

[0327] 2. 1 (direct path, output) + n28 (output)

[0328] 3. n28 (isolation path, output) + 1 (input)

[0329] 4. n28 (direct path, output) + 1 (output)

[0330] 5. 1 (isolation path, output) and n28 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA

[0331] Here, the meaning of “1. 1 (isolation path, output) + n28 (input)” means that the signal from the output of the PA of band 1 passes through the isolation path, and then the input power of the signal entering the PA of n28 creates intermodulation. 2, 3, and 4 can also be interpreted in the same way as above.

[0332] The meaning of the last “1 (isolation path, output) and n28 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA” is that the signal from the PA of band 1 and the output of the PA of band n28 passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA. Here, the ‘isolation path’ refers to the path that the signal passes through the PCB, and the ‘direct path’ refers to the path that passes through the isolation of each component.

[0333] The example in Table 19 is an example of path loss based on each path for analyzing IMD.

[0334] pathpath loss(path loss)1->n28(direct)50(dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(Dup)=55n28->1(direct)1(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Di p)+1(SPMT)+15(Dup)=20n28->n77(div)20(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(ant)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=491-> n77(div)20(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(ant)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=49n77->n77(div)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(ant isol)+2(dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=19n28->n77(IMD)20(dup)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1 (BPF)+1(SPDT)=391->n77(IMD)20(dup)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)+1(SPDT)=39

[0335] In the example of Table 19, the isolation value of each element used when calculating the path loss follows the example of Fig. 8.

[0336] In cases 1-4, the IMD values ​​generated from the signals undergo isolation of the components again and affect the victim LNA. In case 5, since there is no additional path to consider, the signal passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA, and the calculated IMD signal size is the final IMD value.

[0337] At this time, the IP (Intercept Point) values ​​for calculating the isolation values ​​and IMD for all paths are based on the values ​​in the example of Fig. 8. The values ​​are calculated as shown in Table 20 below.

[0338] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)Path Loss (dB)IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)-Path Loss (dB)1(Isolation Path, Output)+n28(Input)-91n28->n77(IMD)=39-1301(Direct Path, Output)+n28(Output)-46n28->n77(IMD)=39-85n28(Isolation Path, Output)+1(Input)-1311->n77(IMD)=39-170n28(Direct Path, Output)+1(Output)-311->n77(IMD)=39-701(Isolation Path, Output) and n28(Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-1080-108IMD-69.9

[0339] The IMD according to the example in Table 20 is -69.9 dBm.

[0340] The IMD size based on diversity can be calculated by subtracting the isolation values ​​of the components that the signal passes through before passing from the PA of the main chain considered above (e.g., the signals according to 1-5) to the antenna isolation and then to the LNA components of diversity. The results are shown in the example in Table 21.

[0341] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)Path Loss (dB)IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)-Path Loss (dB)1(Isolation Path, Output)+n77(Input)-91n28->n77(div)=49-1401(Direct Path, Output)+n77(Output)-46n28->n77(div)=49-95n77(Isolation Path, Output)+1(Input)-1311->n77(div)=49-180n77(Direct Path, Output)+1(Output)-311->n77(div)=49-801(Isolation Path, Output) and n77(Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-108n77->n77(div)=19-127IMD-79.9

[0342] Based on the example in Table 21, the IMD according to diversity is -79.9 dBm.

[0343] As shown in the examples in Table 20 and Table 21, the IMD value can be derived by adding the IMD signals calculated in each chain.

[0344] Antenna Isolation, dB10, Front-end Loss, dB (FDD), dB4, Front-end Loss, dB (TDD), dB5, Duplexer Up / Down Isolation, dB5, Duplexer High-Frequency Band Isolation, dB2, Diplexer H / L Band Isolation, dB15, Antenna Isolation, dB15, Filter Isolation, dB3, PCB Isolation, dB6, PA Forward IP331.5, PA Reverse IP331.5

[0345] Table 22 shows an example of parameters used in MSD analysis based on IMD3 for DC_1A_n28-n77.

[0346] Main Total IMD 3-69.9 dBmDiv Total IMD 3-79.9 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)15.5 dB

[0347] Table 23 shows examples of IMD3 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD3, Div total IMD3) and MSD value analysis for DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77.

[0348] Main Total IMD 3 is the sum of IMD 3 components generated in the main path based on the structure of Fig. 10 and the examples in Tables 19, 20, and 22. Div Total IMD 3 is the sum of IMD3 components due to diversity Rx interference based on the structure of Fig. 10 and the examples in Tables 19, 21, and 22. After MRC is the value after applying MRC.

[0349] MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin) is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total IMD 3 and Div total IMD 3 values.

[0350] Second example of proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on CA_n1A-n28A, the IMD3 MSD value for 3Tx CA_n28A_n41A-n77A with PC3 can be 15.5 dB.

[0351] For DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in DC_1A_n28A-n77, IMD5 of PC2 UE is analyzed for CA based on two uplink bands (e.g., CA_n1A-n77A).

[0352] When conducting MSD analysis, a co-existence study can be performed first. For example, this can identify which IMD order in the aggressor band affects the victim band. For example, if DC_1A_n28A-n77 is configured, the co-existence study results for uplink DC_n1A-n77A (or CA_n1A-n77A) are similar to the example in Table 12 described above.

[0353] According to the example in Table 12, the orders affecting the victim band n28 (758-803MHz) are identified as IMD5 (-3, 2) and IMD6 (-4, 2).

[0354] Referring to Table 12, Figures 9 and 10, the influence of IMD and MSD for the 1, n28, n77 band combination (e.g., DC_1A_n28-n77A) is analyzed.

[0355] As described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, UL band 1 and n77 may be the aggressor generating IMD5, and DL band n28 may be the victim.

[0356] Typically, a device called a diplexer may exist at the stage following the antenna to classify paths according to band. In the example of Fig. 10, the diplexer includes the L-band and the H-band. The diplexer divides the L-band path and the H-band path based on 3 GHz. When a signal passes through the diplexer, the L-band signal is transmitted to the L-band path, and the H-band signal is transmitted to the H-band path.

[0357] Following the diplexer is the Single Power Multi-Thru (SPMT) switch. Simply put, the SPMT switch is a switch that creates a path to handle a specific band. The SPMT switch isolates the remaining paths.

[0358] The next stage after the SPMT switch is a duplexer. The duplexer functions similarly to a diplexer. It can process the Tx and Rx paths separately. Each duplexer is followed by a Band Pass Filter (BPS).

[0359] In the next stage of each BPF, there is a PA if it is a Tx path, and an LNA if it is an Rx path.

[0360] The UE RF architecture can be configured as an architecture like the example in Fig. 10 based on DC combination.

[0361] As in the example of Fig. 10, if an architecture is configured according to a DC combination and the aggressor band and victim band according to a DC band combination are known, the IMD component according to the path can be analyzed.

[0362] The IMD component is generated from a PA with aggressor non-linearity characteristics. That is, in the DC combination above, the IMD component can be generated from the PA of Band 1, n77.

[0363] The paths by which IMD can be generated in each band's PA are analyzed as follows. Referring to the architecture according to the example in Fig. 10, the paths by which IMD components are generated can be classified into the following five types.

[0364] 1. 1 (isolation path, output) + n77 (input)

[0365] 2. 1 (direct path, output) + n77 (output)

[0366] 3. n77 (isolation path, output) + 1 (input)

[0367] 4. n77 (direct path, output) + 1 (output)

[0368] 5. 1 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA

[0369] Here, the meaning of “1. 1 (isolation path, output) + n77 (input)” is that the signal from the output of the PA of band 1 goes through the isolation path and the input signal of the signal that enters the PA of n77 creates intermodulation in the n77 PA. 2, 3, and 4 can also be interpreted in the same way as above.

[0370] The last “5.1 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA” means that the signal from the PA of band 1 and the output of the PA of band n77 passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA. Here, the ‘isolation path’ refers to the path that the signal passes through the PCB, and the ‘direct path’ refers to the path that passes through the isolation of each component.

[0371] Table 13 may be referenced as an example of path loss based on each path for analyzing IMD. In the example of Table 13, the isolation value of each element used when calculating the path loss follows the example of Fig. 8.

[0372] In cases 1-4, the IMD values ​​generated from the signals undergo isolation of the components again and affect the victim LNA. In case 5, since there is no additional path to consider, the signal passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA, and the calculated IMD signal size is the final IMD value.

[0373] At this time, the IP (Intercept Point) values ​​for calculating the isolation values ​​and IMD for all paths are based on the values ​​in the example of Fig. 8. The values ​​are calculated as shown in Table 24 below.

[0374] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) Path Loss (dB) IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) - Path Loss (dB) 1. 1(Isolation Path, Output) + n77(Input) - 195 n77->n28(IMD) = 49-244 2. 1(Direct Path, Output) + n77(Output) - 122 n77->n28(IMD) = 49-171 3. n77(Isolation Path, Output) + 1(Input) - 155 n1->n28(IMD) = 25-180 4. n77(Direct Path, Output) + 1(Output) - 43 n1->n28(IMD) = 25-68 5. 1(Isolation Path, Output) and n77(Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-1230-123 IMD-68.0

[0375] The IMD according to the example in Table 24 is -68dBm.

[0376] The IMD size based on diversity can be calculated by subtracting the isolation values ​​of the components the signal passes through before reaching the diversity LNA device from the PA of the main chain considered above (e.g., the signal according to 1-5). The results are shown in the example in Table 25.

[0377] SourceIMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)Path Loss (dB)IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)-Path Loss (dB)1. 1(Isolation path, output)+n77(input)-195n77->n28(div)=61-2562. 1(Direct path, output)+n77(output)-122n77->n28(div)=61-1833. n77(Isolation path, output)+1(input)-155n1->n28(div)=37-1924. n77(Direct path, output)+1(output)-43n1->n28(div)=37-805. 1(Isolation path, output) and n77(Isolation path, output) at victim LNA-123n28->n28(div)=18-141IMD-80.0

[0378] Based on the example in Table 25, the IMD according to diversity is -80dBm.

[0379] As shown in the examples in Table 24 and Table 25, the IMD value can be derived by summing the IMD signals calculated in each chain. Parameters can be applied according to the example in Table 16 described above.

[0380] Main total IMD 5-68 dBmDiv total IMD 5-80 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)18.7 dB

[0381] Table 17 shows examples of IMD5 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD5, Div total IMD5) and MSD value analysis for DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77.

[0382] Main Total IMD 5 is the sum of IMD 5 components generated in the main path based on the structure of Fig. 10 and the examples in Tables 13, 24, and 16. Div Total IMD 5 is the sum of IMD 5 components due to diversity Rx interference based on the structure of Fig. 10 and the examples in Tables 13, 25, and 16. After MRC is the value after applying MRC.

[0383] MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin) is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total IMD 5 and Div total IMD 5 values.

[0384] Third example of proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on CA_n1A-n77A, the IMD5 MSD value for 3Tx CA_1A_n28A-n77A with PC2 can be 18.7 dB.

[0385] For DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in DC_1A_n28A-n77, for CA based on two uplink bands (e.g., CA_n1A-n28A), IMD3 of PC2 UE is analyzed as follows.

[0386] In this case, the UE architecture can refer to the example in Fig. 10. However, the victim band can be changed to n77. Additionally, parameters according to the example in Table 22 can be used.

[0387] Main Total IMD 3-60.9 dBmDiv Total IMD 3-70.9 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)24.5 dB

[0388] Table 27 shows examples of IMD3 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD3, Div total IMD3) and MSD value analysis for DC based on band 1, band n28, and band n77.

[0389] Example 4 of the proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on CA_n1A-n28A, the IMD3 MSD value for 3Tx CA_n1A_n28A-n77A with PC2 can be 24.5 dB.

[0390] Specifically, with respect to the third and fourth examples of the proposal, the following description may be applied. Based on the examples in Table 8, the third and fourth examples of the proposal, the MSD test points of the SCell due to the dual uplink operation of the PC2 EN-DC in NR FR1 (three bands) may be utilized.

[0391] For example, if DC based on band 1, n28, n77 is set for the UE, then MSD of 24.5 dB can be applied for downlink band n77 based on the UE transmitting uplink signal based on band 1, band n28.

[0392] For example, if DC based on band 1, n28, n77 is set for the UE, an MSD of 18.7 dB can be applied for downlink band n28 based on the UE transmitting an uplink signal based on band 1, band n77.

[0393] For example, REFSENS associated with downlink band n28 can be relaxed by the MSD value of 18.7 dB.

[0394] Specifically, for UE, DC based on bands 1, n28, and n77 can be set.

[0395] In this case, since the signal transmitted from uplink band 1 and n77 may affect downlink band n28 (e.g., the effect of the IMD5 component), REFSENS may be relaxed by 18.7 dB, which is the MSD value.

[0396] For example, a UE can transmit an uplink signal over a channel with an uplink center frequency of 1920 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band 1 and a channel with an uplink center frequency of 3750 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz in band n77. In this situation, when the UE receives a downlink signal over a channel with a downlink center frequency of 2610 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band n28, the REFSENS can be relaxed by an MSD value of 18.7 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers of the UE can be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE can include one or more transceivers that pass the test.

[0397] As another example, a UE may transmit an uplink signal over a channel with an uplink center frequency of 1920 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band 1 and a channel with an uplink center frequency of 3330 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz in band n77. In this situation, when the UE receives a downlink signal over a channel with a downlink center frequency of 780 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band n28, the REFSENS may be relaxed by an MSD value of 18.7 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers of the UE may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that pass the test.

[0398] For DC based on band 1, band 42, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in DC_1A_42A-n77A, the IMD5 of PC3 UE for DC based on two uplink bands (e.g., DC_1A-n77A) is analyzed as follows.

[0399] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0400] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC or CA based on bands 1, 42, and n77 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0401] The example of Fig. 11 is an example of the architecture of a UE in which DC or CA is set based on bands 1, 42, and n77. The UE architecture according to the DC band combination (e.g., bands 1, 42, and n77) can be proposed as shown in Fig. 11. For a description of the components illustrated in the example of Fig. 11, refer to the example of Fig. 10.

[0402] Antenna Isolation, dB10, Front-end Loss, dB (FDD), dB4, Front-end Loss, dB (TDD), dB5, Duplexer Up / Down Isolation, dB30, Duplexer High-Frequency Band Isolation, dB15, Diplexer H / L Band Isolation, dB30, Antenna Isolation, dB60, PA forward IP527, PA reverse IP527

[0403] Table 28 shows an example of parameters used in MSD analysis based on IMD5 for DC_1A_42A-n77A.

[0404] Main Total IMD 5-85.0 dBmDiv Total IMD 5-96.0 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)3.2 dB

[0405] Table 29 shows examples of IMD5 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD5, Div total IMD5) and MSD value analysis for DC based on band 1, band 42, and band n77.

[0406] MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin) is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total IMD 5 and Div total IMD 5 values.

[0407] Example 5 of the proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on DC_1A-n77A, the IMD5 MSD value for 3Tx DC_1A_42A-n77A with PC3 can be 3.2 dB.

[0408] For DC based on band 1, band 42, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in DC_1A_42A-n77A, the IMD5 of PC2 UE for DC based on two uplink bands (e.g., DC_1A-n77A) is analyzed as follows. In this case, the UE structure according to the example of Fig. 11 can be used. However, the victim band can be band 42. In addition, the parameters according to the example of Table 28 can be applied.

[0409] Main Total IMD 5-70.0 dBmDiv Total IMD 5-81.0 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)18.2 dB

[0410] Table 30 shows examples of IMD5 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD5, Div total IMD5) and MSD value analysis for DC based on band 1, band 42, and band n77.

[0411] Example 6 of the proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on DC_1A-n77A, the IMD5 MSD value for 3Tx DC_1A_42A-n77A with PC2 can be 18.2 dB.

[0412] For CA based on band 1, band n28, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in CA_n1A_n41A-n77A, IMD3 of PC2 UE is analyzed for CA based on two uplink bands (e.g., CA_n1A-n41A).

[0413] When conducting MSD analysis, a co-existence study can be performed first. For example, this can identify which IMD order in the aggressor band affects the victim band. For example, when CA_n1A_n41A-n77A is configured, the co-existence study results for uplink DC_n1A-n41A (or CA_n1A-n41A) are as shown in Table 31.

[0414] Two-tone 3rd IMD product|2*fx_low - fy_high||2*fx_high - fy_low||2*fy_low - fx_high||2*fy_high - fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 1150 146 430 123 460 Two-tone 3rd IMD product|2*fx_low + fy_low||2*fx_high + fy_high||2*fy_low + fx_low||2*fy_high + fx_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 3070 344 4550 86 150 Two-tone 5th IMD product|2*fx_low - 3*fy_high||2*fx_high - 3*fy_low||2*fy_low - 3*fx_high||2*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz) 42303528948380

[0415] According to the example in Table 31, the orders affecting the victim band n77 (3300-4200MHz) are identified as IMD3(-1,2), IMD3(2,1), and IMD5(2,-3).

[0416] In the example of Table 31, fx_low can be 1920 MHz, which is the smallest value of the uplink frequency band of band n1, and fx_high can be 1980 MHz, which is the largest value of the uplink frequency band of n1. In Table 31, fy_low can be 2496, which is the smallest value of the uplink frequency band of band n41, and fx_high can be 2690 MHz, which is the largest value of the uplink frequency band of n41.

[0417] Below, with reference to Table 31 and Fig. 12, the influence of IMD and MSD for n1, n41, n77 band combinations (e.g., CA_n1A_n41A-n77A) are analyzed.

[0418] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0419] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC or CA based on bands n1, n41, n77 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0420] The example in Fig. 12 is an example of the architecture of a UE in which DC or CA is set based on bands n1, n41, and n77.

[0421] A UE architecture according to a DC band combination (e.g., bands n1, n41, n77) can be proposed as shown in Fig. 12. For a description of the elements included in the UE structure of Fig. 12, refer to the description of Fig. 10.

[0422] In the example of Fig. 12, band n77 may be the victim band.

[0423] As in the example of Fig. 12, an architecture is configured according to a CA combination, and if the aggressor band and victim band according to the CA band combination are known, the IMD component according to the path can be analyzed.

[0424] The IMD component is generated from a PA with aggressor non-linearity characteristics. That is, in the CA combination above, the IMD component can be generated from the PA of Bands n1 and n41.

[0425] The paths by which IMD can be generated in each band's PA are analyzed as follows. Referring to the architecture according to the example in Fig. 12, the paths by which IMD components are generated can be classified into the following five types.

[0426] 1. n1 (isolation path, output) + n41 (input)

[0427] 2. n1 (direct path, output) + n41 (output)

[0428] 3. n41 (isolation path, output) + n1 (input)

[0429] 4. n41 (direct path, output) + n1 (output)

[0430] 5. n1 (isolation path, output) and n41 (isolation path, output) at the victim LNA

[0431] Here, the meaning of “1. n1 (isolation path, output) + n41 (input)” is that the signal from the output of the PA of the n1 band passes through the isolation path, and then the input power of the signal entering the PA of n41 creates intermodulation. 2, 3, and 4 can also be interpreted in the same way as above.

[0432] The last “5. n1 (isolation path, output) and n41 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA” means that the signal from the PA of band n1 and the output of the PA of band n41 goes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA. Here, the ‘isolation path’ means the path that the signal goes through the PCB, and the ‘direct path’ means the path that goes through the isolation of each component.

[0433] The example in Table 32 is an example of path loss based on each path for analyzing IMD.

[0434] Path lossn1->n41(direct)1(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+30(BPF)+1(SPDT)=36n41->n1(direct)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+2(Dup)+1(SPMT)+15(Dup)=21n1-> n77(div)15(Dup)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+10(ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+ 1(BPF)=45n41->n77(div)1(SPDT)+30(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dup)+10(ant) isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=61n77-> n77(div)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=19n1-> n77(IMD)15(Dup)+1(SPMT)+15(Dup)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)+1(SPDT)=34n41->n77(IMD)1(SPDT)+30(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dup)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)+1(SPDT)=50

[0435] In the example of Table 32, the isolation value of each element used when calculating path loss follows the example of Fig. 8.

[0436] In cases 1-4, the IMD values ​​generated from the signals undergo isolation of the components again and affect the victim LNA. In case 5, since there is no additional path to consider, the signal passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA, and the calculated IMD signal size is the final IMD value.

[0437] At this time, the IP (Intercept Point) values ​​for calculating the isolation values ​​and IMD for all paths are based on the values ​​in the example of Fig. 8. The values ​​are calculated as shown in Table 33 below.

[0438] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) Path Loss (dB) IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) - Path Loss (dB) n1 (Isolation Path, Output) + n41 (Input) - 81 n41->n77 (IMD) = 50-131 n1 (Direct Path, Output) + n41 (Output) - 16 n41->n77 (IMD) = 50-66 n41 (Isolation Path, Output) + n1 (Input) - 121 n1-> n77 (IMD) = 34-155 n41 (Direct Path, Output) + n1 (Output) - 22 n1-> n77 (IMD) = 34-56 n1 (Isolation Path, Output) and n41 (Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-990-99 IMD-55.6

[0439] The IMD according to the example in Table 33 is -55.6 dBm.

[0440] The IMD size based on diversity can be calculated by subtracting the isolation values ​​of the components the signal passes through before reaching the diversity LNA device from the PA of the main chain considered above (e.g., the signal according to 1-5). The results are as shown in the example in Table 34.

[0441] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)Path Loss (dB)IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)-Path Loss (dB)n1(Isolation Path, Output)+n41(Input)-81n41->n77(div)=61-142n1(Direct Path, Output)+n41(Output)-16n41->n77(div)=61-77n41(Isolation Path, Output)+n1(Input)-121n1->n77(div)=45-166n41(Direct Path, Output)+n1(Output)-22n1->n77(div)=45-67n1(Isolation Path, Output) and n41(Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-99n77->n77(div)=19-118IMD-66.6

[0442] Based on the example in Table 34, the IMD according to diversity is -66.6 dBm.

[0443] As shown in the examples in Table 33 and Table 34, the IMD value can be derived by adding the IMD signals calculated in each chain.

[0444] Antenna Isolation, dB10, Front-end Loss, dB (FDD), dB (TDD), dB (Duplexer Isolation), dB (Diplexer H / L Band Isolation), dB (Filter Isolation), dB (PCB Isolation), dB (Duplexer H / L Band Isolation), dB (Dip ...

[0445] Table 35 shows an example of parameters used in MSD analysis based on IMD3 for CA_n1A_n41A-n77A.

[0446] Main Total IMD 3-55.6 dBmDiv Total IMD 3-66.6 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)28.9 dB

[0447] Table 36 shows examples of IMD3 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD3, Div total IMD3) and MSD value analysis for CA based on band n1, band n41, and band n77.

[0448] Example 7 of the proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on CA_1A-n41A, the IMD5 MSD value for 3Tx CA_n1A_n41A-n77A with PC2 can be 28.9 dB.

[0449] For CA based on band n1, band n41, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in CA_n1A_n41A-n77A, IMD4 of PC2 UE is analyzed for CA based on two uplink bands (e.g., CA_n1A-n77A).

[0450] When conducting MSD analysis, a coexistence study can be conducted first. For example, it can be used to determine which IMD order in the aggressor band affects the victim band. For example, when CA_n1A_n41A-n77 is configured, the coexistence study results related to uplink DC_n1A-n77A (or CA_n1A-n77A) are as shown in Table 31.

[0451] Two-tone 4th IMD product|3*fx_low - fy_high||3*fx_high - fy_low||3*fy_low - fx_high||3*fy_high - fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 1560 2640 7920 10680 Two-tone 4th IMD product|2*fx_low - 2*fy_high||2*fx_high - 2*fy_low||2*fx_low + 2*fy_low||2*fx_high + 2*fy_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 4560 2640 10440 12360 Two-tone 5th IMD product|2*fx_low - 3*fy_high||2*fx_high - 3*fy_low||2*fy_low - 3*fx_high||2*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz) 876059406602640

[0452] According to the example in Table 37, the orders affecting the victim band n41 (2496-2690MHz) are identified as IMD4(3,-1), IMD4(2,-2), and IMD5(2,-3). The same UE structure as in Fig. 12 can be applied. In the UE structure of Fig. 12, the victim band can be n41.

[0453] If the architecture is configured according to the CA combination and the aggressor band and victim band according to the CA band combination are known, the IMD component according to the path can be analyzed.

[0454] The IMD component is generated from a PA with aggressor non-linearity characteristics. That is, in the CA combination above, the IMD component can be generated from the PA of Bands n1 and n77.

[0455] The paths by which IMD can be generated in each band's PA are analyzed as follows. Referring to the architecture according to the example in Fig. 12, the paths by which IMD components are generated can be classified into the following five types.

[0456] 1. n1 (isolation path, output) + n77 (input)

[0457] 2. n1 (direct path, output) + n77 (output)

[0458] 3. n77 (isolation path, output) + n1 (input)

[0459] 4. n77 (direct path, output) + n1 (output)

[0460] 5. n1 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at the victim LNA

[0461] Here, the meaning of “1. n1 (isolation path, output) + n41 (input)” is that the signal from the output of the PA of the n1 band passes through the isolation path, and then the input power of the signal entering the PA of n77 creates intermodulation. 2, 3, and 4 can also be interpreted in the same way as above.

[0462] The last “5. n1 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA” means that the signal from the PA of band n1 and the output of the PA of band n77 passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA. Here, the ‘isolation path’ refers to the path that the signal passes through the PCB, and the ‘direct path’ refers to the path that passes through the isolation of each component.

[0463] The example in Table 38 is an example of path loss based on each path for analyzing IMD.

[0464] pathpath lossn1 -> n77(direct)1(Dup)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+30(BPF)+1(SPDT)=50n77->n1(direct)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+30(Dup)=49n77-> n41(div)1(SPDT)+30(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+10(Ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=61n1-> n41(div)30(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=47n41 -> n41(div)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(Ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=19n77 -> n41(IMD)1(SPDT)+30(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)+1(SPDT)=50n1 -> n41(IMD)30(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)+1(SPDT)=36

[0465] In the example of Table 38, the isolation value of each element used when calculating path loss follows the example of Fig. 8.

[0466] In cases 1-4, the IMD values ​​generated from the signals undergo isolation of the components again and affect the victim LNA. In case 5, since there is no additional path to consider, the signal passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA, and the calculated IMD signal size is the final IMD value.

[0467] At this time, the IP (Intercept Point) values ​​for calculating the isolation values ​​and IMD for all paths are based on the values ​​in the example of Fig. 8. The values ​​are calculated as shown in Table 39 below.

[0468] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) Path Loss (dB) IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm) - Path Loss (dB) n1 (Isolation Path, Output) + n77 (Input) - 181 n77 -> n41 (IMD) = 50 - 231 n1 (Direct Path, Output) + n77 (Output) - 188 n77 -> n41 (IMD) = 50 - 238 n77 (Isolation Path, Output) + n1 (Input) - 101 n1 -> n41 (IMD) = 36 - 137 n77 (Direct Path, Output) + n1 (Output) - 27 n1 -> n41 (IMD) = 36 - 63 n1 (Isolation Path, Output) and n77 (Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-1310-131 IMD-63.0

[0469] The IMD according to the example in Table 39 is -63 dBm.

[0470] The IMD size based on diversity can be calculated by subtracting the isolation values ​​of the components the signal passes through before reaching the diversity LNA device from the PA of the main chain considered above (e.g., the signal according to 1-5). The results are shown in the example in Table 40.

[0471] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)Path Loss (dB)IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)-Path Loss (dB)n1(Isolation Path, Output)+n77(Input)-181n77 -> n41(div)=61-242n1(Direct Path, Output)+n77(Output)-188n77 -> n41(div)=61-249n77(Isolation Path, Output)+n1(Input)-101n1 -> n41(div)=47-148n77(Direct Path, Output)+n1(Output)-27n1 -> n41(div)=47-74n1(Isolation Path, Output) and n77(Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-131n41 -> n41(div)=19-150IMD-74.0

[0472] Based on the example in Table 40, the IMD according to diversity is -74Bm.

[0473] As shown in the examples in Table 39 and Table 40, the IMD value can be derived by adding the IMD signals calculated in each chain.

[0474] Antenna isolation, dB10, Front-end loss, dB (FDD), dB (TDD), dB (TDD), dB (Diplexer isolation), dB (Duplexer isolation), dB (Filter isolation), dB (PCB ...

[0475] Table 41 shows an example of parameters used in MSD analysis based on IMD4 for CA_n1A_n41A-n77A.

[0476] Main Total IMD 4-63.0 dBmDiv Total IMD 4-74.0 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)21.0 dB

[0477] The examples in Table 42 are examples of IMD4 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD4, Div total IMD4) and MSD value analysis for CA based on band n1, band n41, and band n77.

[0478] Example 8 of the proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on CA_1A-n77A, the IMD4 MSD value for 3Tx CA_n1A_n41A-n77A with PC2 can be 21.0 dB.

[0479] For CA based on band n1, band n41, and band n77, IMD and MSD are analyzed. For example, in CA_n1A_n41A-n77A, IMD4 of PC2 UE is analyzed for CA based on two uplink bands (e.g., CA_n41A-n77A).

[0480] When conducting MSD analysis, a coexistence study can be conducted first. For example, it can be used to determine which IMD order in the aggressor band affects the victim band. For example, when CA_n1A_n41A-n77 is configured, the coexistence study results related to uplink DC_n41A-n77A (or CA_n41A-n77A) are as shown in Table 31.

[0481] Two-tone 4th IMD product|2*fx_low - 2*fy_high||2*fx_high - 2*fy_low||2*fx_low + 2*fy_low||2*fx_high + 2*fy_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 340812201159213780 Two-tone 6th IMD product|2*fx_low - 4*fy_high||2*fx_high - 4*fy_low||2*fy_low - 4*fx_high||2*fy_high - 4*fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz) 11808782041601584 Two-tone 6th IMD product|3*fx_low -3*fy_high||3*fx_high - 3*fy_low||3*fy_low - 3*fx_high||3*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz) 5112183018305112

[0482] According to the example in Table 43, the orders affecting the victim band n1 (2110-2170MHz) are identified as IMD4(2,-2), IMD6(-4, 2), and IMD6(3,-3). The same UE structure as in Fig. 12 can be applied. In the UE structure of Fig. 12, the victim band can be n1.

[0483] If the architecture is configured according to the CA combination and the aggressor band and victim band according to the CA band combination are known, the IMD component according to the path can be analyzed.

[0484] The IMD component is generated from a PA with aggressor non-linearity characteristics. That is, in the CA combination above, the IMD component can be generated from the PA of Bands n41 and n77.

[0485] The paths by which IMD can be generated in each band's PA are analyzed as follows. Referring to the architecture according to the example in Fig. 12, the paths by which IMD components are generated can be classified into the following five types.

[0486] 1. n41 (isolation path, output) + n77 (input)

[0487] 2. n41 (direct path, output) + n77 (output)

[0488] 3. n77 (isolation path, output) + n41 (input)

[0489] 4. n77 (direct path, output) + n41 (output)

[0490] 5. n41 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at the victim LNA

[0491] Here, the meaning of “1. N41 (isolation path, output) + n77 (input)” is that the signal from the output of the PA of the n41 band passes through the isolation path, and then the input power of the signal entering the PA of n77 creates intermodulation. 2, 3, and 4 can also be interpreted in the same way as above.

[0492] The last “5. N41 (isolation path, output) and n77 (isolation path, output) at victim LNA” means that the signal from the PA of band n41 and the output of the PA of band n77 passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA. Here, the ‘isolation path’ refers to the path that the signal passes through the PCB, and the ‘direct path’ refers to the path that passes through the isolation of each component.

[0493] The example in Table 44 is an example of path loss based on each path for analyzing IMD.

[0494] pathpath lossn41 -> n77(direct)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+15(BPF)+1(SPDT)=35n77->n41(direct)1(SPDT)+1(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+15(BPF)+1(SPDT)=35n77-> n1(div)1(SPDT)+15(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+10(Ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=46n41-> n1(div)1(SPDT)+15(BPF)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(Ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=33n1 -> n1(div)1(Dup)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+10(Ant isol)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(BPF)=18n77 -> n1(IMD)1(SPDT)+15(BPF)+1(SPMT)+15(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(Dup)=34n41 -> n1(IMD)1(SPDT)+15(BPF)+1(SPMT)+2(Dip)+1(SPMT)+1(Dup)=21

[0495] In the example of Table 44, the isolation value of each element used when calculating path loss follows the example of Fig. 8.

[0496] In cases 1-4, the IMD values ​​generated from the signals undergo isolation of the components again and affect the victim LNA. In case 5, since there is no additional path to consider, the signal passes through the isolation path and enters the victim LNA, and the calculated IMD signal size is the final IMD value.

[0497] At this time, the IP (Intercept Point) values ​​for calculating the isolation values ​​and IMD for all paths are based on the values ​​in the example of Fig. 8. The values ​​are calculated as shown in Table 45 below.

[0498] SourceIMD Signal magnitude (dBm)Path loss(dB)IMD Signal magnitude (dBm)-path loss(dB)n41(Isolation path, output)+n77(input)-140n77-> n1(IMD)=34-174n41(direct path, output)+n77(output)-47n77-> n1(IMD)=34-81n77(Isolation path, output)+n41(input)-140n41-> n1(IMD)=21-161n77(direct path, output)+n41(output)-47n41-> n1(IMD)=21-68n41(Isolation path, output) and n77(Isolation path, output) at victim LNA-1300-130IMD-67.8

[0499] The IMD according to the example in Table 45 is -67.8 dBm.

[0500] The IMD size based on diversity can be calculated by subtracting the isolation values ​​of the components the signal passes through before reaching the diversity LNA device from the PA of the main chain considered above (e.g., the signal according to 1-5). The result is as shown in the example in Table 46.

[0501] Source IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)Path Loss (dB)IMD Signal Magnitude (dBm)-Path Loss (dB)n1(Isolation Path, Output)+n77(Input)-140n77-> n1(div)=46-186n1(Direct Path, Output)+n77(Output)-47n77-> n1(div)=46-93n77(Isolation Path, Output)+n1(Input)-140n41-> n1(div)=33-173n77(Direct Path, Output)+n1(Output)-47n41-> n1(div)=33-80n1(Isolation Path, Output) and n77(Isolation Path, Output) at victim LNA-130n1-> n1(div)=18-148IMD-79.8

[0502] Based on the example in Table 46, the IMD according to diversity is -79.8Bm.

[0503] As shown in the examples in Table 45 and Table 46, the IMD value can be derived by summing the IMD signals calculated from each chain. Additionally, the parameters according to the examples in Table 41 can be used.

[0504] Main Total IMD 4-67.8 dBmDiv Total IMD 4-79.8 dB,MSD after MRC at SNR = -1 (with 1.5 dB margin)20.4 dB

[0505] The examples in Table 42 are examples of IMD4 power analysis (e.g., Main total IMD4, Div total IMD4) and MSD value analysis for CA based on band n1, band n41, and band n77.

[0506] Example 9 of the proposal: If the uplink configuration is based on CA_41A-n77A, the IMD4 MSD value for 3Tx CA_n1A_n41A-n77A with PC2 can be 20.4 dB.

[0507] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0508] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0509] For example, with respect to the example of FIG. 13, the operations described in the examples of FIGS. 1 to 12 may also be applied. For example, even if operations, contents, etc. are not directly described in the example of FIG. 13, operations, contents, etc. described in various examples of the disclosure of this specification may be applied.

[0510] A UE may include one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories capable of storing instructions and being operatively connected to the one or more processors. Based on the instructions being executed by the one or more processors, the operations described below may be performed.

[0511] The UE can support Power Class 2 or Power Class 3. For the UE, EN-DC or CA can be configured based on three operating bands. Power Class 2 can be a power class based on a maximum output power of 26 dBM and a tolerance of +2 / -3. Power Class 3 can be a power class based on a maximum output power of 23 dBM and a tolerance of +2 / -3.

[0512] For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, the "A" following the band number of a band related to DC or CA may be an example of a bandwidth class.

[0513] For example, EN-DC can be set based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77. For example, CA can be set based on operating bands n1, n41, and n77.

[0514] The UE may receive configuration information related to CA or EN-DC. For example, the UE may receive configuration information related to EN-DC based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77.

[0515] In step (S1301), the UE may transmit an uplink signal. For example, the UE may transmit the uplink signal via one or more transceivers.

[0516] In step (S1302), the UE may receive a downlink signal. For example, the UE may receive the downlink signal via one or more transceivers.

[0517] The UE can be configured to satisfy requirements related to reference sensitivity. MSD can be applied to requirements related to reference sensitivity.

[0518] When the UE supports power class 2 or power class 3, and EN-DC or CA is set based on the three operating bands, and two of the three operating bands are set as uplink bands, an MSD value may be applied to one of the three operating bands set as a downlink band.

[0519] For example, if the UE supports power class 2, EN-DC is set based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and operating bands 1 and n77 are set as uplink bands, and operating band n28 is set as downlink band, the MSD may be 18.7 dB.

[0520] Based on the EN-DC being set based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and operating bands 1 and n77 being set as uplink bands, and operating band n28 being set as downlink band, the MSD for operating band n28 may be 18.7 dB. The UE may support power class 2. The MSD of 18.7 dB may be an MSD based on IMD5. Based on the MSD value of 18.7 dB based on IMD5, a test related to REFSENS may be performed for the UE.

[0521] For example, the MSD values ​​in Table 8 and Table 26 can be used when testing a UE based on requirements for the UE's reception performance.

[0522] For reference, the MSD values ​​in Tables 7, 17, and 23 may be used. A tolerance of +0.2 dB may be applied to the MSD of 15.5 dB, resulting in an MSD of 15.7 dB. A tolerance of +0.5 dB may be applied to the MSD of 3.7 dB, resulting in an MSD of 4.2 dB. The MSD values ​​in Tables 11, 36, 42, and 47 may be used. A tolerance of -0.5 dB may be applied to the MSD of 28.9 dB, resulting in an MSD of 28.2 dB. A tolerance of +1.0 dB may be applied to the MSD of 21.0 dB, resulting in an MSD of 22.0 dB. A tolerance of +1.0 dB may be applied to the MSD of 20.4 dB, resulting in an MSD of 21.4 dB.

[0523] For example, a transceiver and / or receiver of a UE may be tested to determine whether it satisfies a reference sensitivity (REFSENS) with an MSD value applied according to examples in Table 8 and Table 26. A transceiver of a UE may receive a downlink signal. The transceiver of the UE may be a transceiver that has been tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of a reference measurement channel based on REFSENS with an MSD value applied.

[0524] Specifically, for UE, DC based on bands 1, n28, and n77 can be set.

[0525] In this case, since the signal transmitted from uplink band 1 and n77 may affect the downlink band n28 (e.g., the effect of the IMD5 component), REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 18.7 dB. For example, the UE may transmit an uplink signal through a channel with an uplink center frequency of 1920 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band 1 and a channel with an uplink center frequency of 3750 MHz and a bandwidth of 10 MHz in band n77. In this situation, when the UE receives a downlink signal through a channel with a downlink center frequency of 2610 MHz and a bandwidth of 5 MHz in band n28, REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 18.7 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers of the UE may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. A UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0526] For example, if EN-DC is set based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and operating bands 1 and n77 are set as uplink bands and operating band n28 is set as downlink band, MSD may be 18.7 dB.

[0527] For example, if EN-DC is set based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and the operating bands 1 and n28 are set as uplink bands and the operating band n77 is set as a downlink band, the MSD is 15.7 dB.

[0528] For example, if CA is set based on operating bands n1, n41, and n77, and operating bands n1 and n41 are set as uplink bands and operating band n77 is set as downlink band, MSD may be 28.2 dB. The uplink center frequency for operating band n1 is 1970 MHz, the uplink center frequency for operating band n41 is 2650 MHz, the downlink center frequency for operating band n77 is 3330 MHz, and the IMD order is IMD3, MSD may be 28.2 dB.

[0529] For example, the MSD may be 22.0 dB based on the CA being set based on operating bands n1, n41, and n77, and the operating bands n1 and n77 being set as uplink bands, and the operating band n41 being set as a downlink band. The uplink center frequency for the operating band n1 may be 1975 MHz, the uplink center frequency for the operating band n77 may be 3410 MHz, the downlink center frequency for the operating band n41 may be 2515 MHz, and the IMD order may be IMD4, and the MSD may be 22.0 dB.

[0530] For example, if CA is set based on operating bands n1, n41, and n77, and the operating bands n41 and n77 are set as uplink bands, and the operating band n1 is set as a downlink band, the MSD may be 21.4 dB. The uplink center frequency for the operating band n41 is 2640 MHz, the uplink center frequency for the operating band n77 is 3710 MHz, the downlink center frequency for the operating band n1 is 2140 MHz, and the IMD order is IMD4, the MSD may be 21.4 dB.

[0531] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0532] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of the operation of a UE and a base station according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0533] For reference, the UE can perform steps S1403 and S1404 of FIG. 14 in the same manner as steps S1301 and S1302 of FIG. 13. The UE of FIG. 14 can also perform the same operations described in the example of FIG. 13. When describing FIG. 14, the contents described in the example of FIG. 13 will be omitted.

[0534] In step (S1401), the UE may transmit a random access preamble to the base station.

[0535] In step (S1402), the base station can transmit a response message to the UE.

[0536] In step (S1403), the UE can transmit an uplink signal to the base station.

[0537] In step (S1404), the base station can transmit a downlink signal to the UE.

[0538] The base station can transmit DC-related configuration information to the UE. Based on the DC-related configuration information, the UE can perform DC-based communication, as described in the example of FIG. 13.

[0539] The base station can transmit CA-related configuration information to the UE. Based on the CA-related configuration information, the UE can perform CA-based communication, as described in the example of FIG. 13.

[0540] This specification may have various effects.

[0541] For example, according to various examples of the disclosure of this specification, coexistence issues of band combinations used for CA and / or DC can be analyzed, and the coexistence issue can be resolved by analyzing the MSD. For example, when DC based on bands 1, n28, and n77 is configured for a UE, the MSD analyzed according to various examples of the disclosure of this specification can be applied. A reference sensitivity value considering the MSD value can be defined. For example, when CA based on bands n1, n41, and n77 is configured for a UE, the MSD analyzed according to various examples of the disclosure of this specification can be applied.

[0542] In this way, the coexistence issue can be resolved.

[0543] The effects that can be achieved through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, a person with ordinary skill in the relevant technical field may understand or derive various technical effects from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0544] For reference, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be implemented by the devices of FIGS. 1 to 3 described above. For example, the terminal (e.g., UE) may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operation of the terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) may control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (105 or 206), and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform operations of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0545] Additionally, commands for performing operations of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories (104 or 204). In addition, the commands recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors (102 or 202) to perform operations of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0546] For reference, the operations of a network node (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, AUSF, etc.) or a base station (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, etc.) described in this specification may be implemented by the devices of FIGS. 1 to 3 described below. For example, the network node or the base station may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operations of the network node or the base station described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operations of the terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) may control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (106 or 206), and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform operations of a network node or base station as described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0547] Additionally, the instructions for performing the operations of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium having the instructions recorded thereon. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories (104 or 204). In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors (102 or 202) to perform the operations of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0548] Although the preferred embodiments have been described above by way of example, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to these specific embodiments, and may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope described in the spirit and claims of this specification.

[0549] In the exemplary system described above, the methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks. However, the order of the steps described is not limited, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps in the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the invention.

[0550] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. As a device, One or more transceivers; one or more processors; and comprising one or more memories capable of storing instructions and being operable to the one or more processors; The operations performed based on the above instructions being executed by the one or more processors are: a step of transmitting an uplink signal; and comprising a step of receiving a downlink signal, For the above device, E-UTRA New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77 is set, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to the requirements related to the above reference sensitivity, A device characterized in that the MSD is 18.7 dB, based on the device supporting power class 2, EN-DC being set based on the operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and the operating bands 1 and n77 being set as uplink bands, and the operating band n28 being set as a downlink band.

2. In paragraph 1, the operation is: a step of transmitting a random access preamble; and A device further comprising the step of receiving a response message to the random access preamble.

3. In paragraph 1, the operation is: A device further comprising a step of receiving setting information related to EN-DC based on the above operating bands 1, n28, and n77.

4. In paragraph 1, The above operating band 1 includes a frequency band of 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz for uplink and a frequency band of 2110 MHz to 2170 MHz for downlink, A device characterized in that the above operating band n28 includes a frequency band of 703 MHz to 748 MHz for uplink and a frequency band of 758 MHz to 803 MHz for downlink. A device characterized in that the above operating band n77 includes a frequency band of 3300 MHz to 4200 MHz for uplink and a frequency band of 3300 MHz to 4200 MHz for downlink.

5. A step in which the device transmits an uplink signal; and The device comprises a step of receiving a downlink signal, For the above device, E-UTRA New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77 is set, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to the requirements related to the above reference sensitivity, A method characterized in that the MSD is 18.7 dB, based on the above device supporting power class 2, EN-DC being set based on the above operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and the above operating bands 1 and n77 being set as uplink bands and the above operating band n28 being set as a downlink band.

6. As a device, One or more transceivers; one or more processors; and comprising one or more memories capable of storing instructions and being operable to the one or more processors; The operations performed based on the above instructions being executed by the one or more processors are: a step of transmitting an uplink signal; and comprising a step of receiving a downlink signal, For the above device, E-UTRA New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) or Carrier Aggregation (CA) based on three operating bands is set, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to the requirements related to the above reference sensitivity, A device characterized in that the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, EN-DC or CA is set based on the three operating bands, and the MSD value is applied to one operating band set as a downlink band among the three operating bands based on two operating bands set as uplink bands among the three operating bands.

7. In paragraph 6, A device characterized in that the EN-DC is set based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and the MSD is 18.7 dB based on the operating bands 1 and n77 being set as uplink bands and the operating band n28 being set as a downlink band.

8. In paragraph 6, A device characterized in that the MSD is 15.7 dB based on EN-DC being set based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and the operating bands 1 and n28 being set as uplink bands and the operating band n77 being set as a downlink band.

9. In paragraph 6, A device characterized in that the MSD is 28.2 dB, based on which CA is set based on operating bands n1, n41, and n77, and the operating bands n1 and n41 are set as uplink bands and the operating band n77 is set as a downlink band.

10. In paragraph 6, A device characterized in that the MSD is 22.0 dB, based on which CA is set based on operating bands n1, n41, and n77, and the operating bands n1 and n77 are set as uplink bands, and the operating band n41 is set as a downlink band.

11. In paragraph 6, A device characterized in that the MSD is 21.4 dB, based on which CA is set based on operating bands n1, n41, and n77, and the operating bands n41 and n77 are set as uplink bands and the operating band n1 is set as a downlink band.

12. A step in which the device transmits an uplink signal; and The device comprises a step of receiving a downlink signal, For the above device, E-UTRA New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77 is set, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to the requirements related to the above reference sensitivity, For the above device, E-UTRA New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) or Carrier Aggregation (CA) based on three operating bands is set, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to the requirements related to the above reference sensitivity, A device characterized in that the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, EN-DC or CA is set based on the three operating bands, and the MSD value is applied to one operating band set as a downlink band among the three operating bands based on two operating bands set as uplink bands among the three operating bands.

13. A step of receiving an uplink signal from a device; and comprising a step of transmitting a downlink signal to the device; For the above device, E-UTRA New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77 is set, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to the requirements related to the above reference sensitivity, A method characterized in that the MSD is 18.7 dB, based on the above device supporting power class 2, EN-DC being set based on the above operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and the above operating bands 1 and n77 being set as uplink bands and the above operating band n28 being set as a downlink band.

14. As a base station, One or more transceivers; one or more processors; and comprising one or more memories capable of storing instructions and being operable to the one or more processors; The actions performed based on the above instructions being executed by the one or more processors are: A step of receiving an uplink signal from a device; and comprising a step of transmitting a downlink signal to the device; For the above device, E-UTRA New Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) based on operating bands 1, n28, and n77 is set, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) is applied to the requirements related to the above reference sensitivity, A method characterized in that the MSD is 18.7 dB, based on the above device supporting power class 2, EN-DC being set based on the above operating bands 1, n28, and n77, and the above operating bands 1 and n77 being set as uplink bands and the above operating band n28 being set as a downlink band.

Images