Coalescent composition, latex-based compositions, paints and coatings comprising it, and related use thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coalescent composition comprising glycol ethers containing an aromatic ring in their chemical structure and the esters of said glycol ethers, as well as to latex-based compositions, paints and coatings comprising said coalescent composition. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the coalescent composition as a coalescent agent in latex-based compositions.

Description

[0001] COALESCENT COMPOSITION, LATEX-BASED COMPOSITIONS, PAINTS AND COATINGS COMPRISING THEM AND RELATED USE FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002]

[0001] The present invention relates to a coalescent composition comprising glycol ethers containing an aromatic ring in their chemical structure and the esters of said glycol ethers, as well as to latex-based compositions, paints and coatings comprising said coalescent composition and to the use of the composition as a coalescent agent.

[0003]

[0002] The present invention falls within the field of chemistry, more precisely in the area of ​​paints and coatings, particularly latex-based paints and coatings.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005]

[0003] Latex-based compositions contain polymeric particles dispersed and stabilized in an aqueous phase, optionally with dispersed pigments. When applied under suitable conditions of temperature and relative humidity, the composition creates a film. This process occurs in three stages, called stages one, two and three.

[0006]

[0004] In the first stage, water evaporates at a high and constant rate, causing the particles to approach each other and causing them to pack. In the second stage, irreversible contact between the particles, evaporation of residual water and deformation of the particles occur. This process only occurs if the temperature to which the system is subjected is higher than the wet glass transition temperature (Tg) or minimum film formation temperature (MTFF) of the polymer. At the end of this stage, the film formed is continuous but brittle.

[0005] In the third and final stage of coalescence, interdiffusion of the polymer chains occurs in the contact regions between the particles, resulting in the formation of a continuous, homogeneous film with mechanical strength.Coalescent agents assist the film formation process by reducing the polymer's Tg and TMFF, favoring particle deformation during stage 2 of the coalescence process, as well as the interdiffusion of polymer chains during stage 3. In this way, coalescent agents contribute to the film formation process with greater uniformity and mechanical resistance.

[0007]

[0006] Several organic molecules, such as hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, ketones, and esters, exhibit coalescing agent properties. The main challenge in developing new coalescing agents is finding a balance between the desired properties: ease of incorporation into the system; compatibility with different polymers / latexes; level of efficiency to reduce TMFF; degree of interaction with the polymers in order to promote interdiffusion between the polymer chains and provide the generation of cohesive films with high mechanical strength; evaporation rate; boiling point; compliance with regulations on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); and impact on the final properties of the latex-based system to be formulated (paints, coatings, and other applications).

[0008]

[0007] The use of glycol ethers and esters as coalescing agents in paint, coating, and other latex-based system formulations is commonly reported in the literature. However, some glycol ethers, more specifically glycol ethers containing an aromatic ring in their chemical structure, despite their excellent performance in terms of TMFF reduction, are incompatible with several latices, especially pure acrylic and vinyl acrylic latices. One of the main technical challenges in the development of new coalescents is determining a molecule or composition of molecules that is compatible with a wider variety of latices (different chemical bases, such as pure acrylic, vinyl acrylic, styrenated acrylic, vinyl-VeoVa, acrylic-VeoVA) and efficient, that is, that allows the reduction of TMFF to the desired value using the lowest possible dosage of coalescing agent in the formulation.

[0009]

[0008] Often, using just one molecule as a coalescing agent does not achieve a balance of all the desired properties. The combined use of different molecules in the composition of a coalescing agent can optimize the required properties and generate more efficient solutions, which can bring technical, commercial, environmental, and logistical benefits.

[0010]

[0009] The present invention provides new coalescent agents with significant compatibility with latexes and efficiency in reducing TMFF, enabling a reduction in the coalescent content used in the final formulation of latex-based compositions, and consequently bringing economic, environmental and logistical advantages.

[0011]

[0010] Some prior art documents describe coalescing agents and compounds that aid in the formation of films in paints and coatings.

[0012]

[0011] Patent document JP 2001-106857 A, entitled "VINYL ACETATE BASED POLYMER EMULSION COMPOSITION", discloses glycol ether esters, including acetates, propionates, butyrates and isobutyrates of phenylmonoethylene glycol, phenyldiethylene glycol and phenyltriethylene glycol, which are useful as film-forming aids, leading to a reduction in the minimum film-forming temperature without loss of viscosity of the composition in which they are included.

[0013]

[0012] Unlike the invention, the above document refers to the use of the disclosed glycol ether esters alone as coalescing agents or in combination with a glycol ether from which they are derived, in a 1:1 ratio. However, as verified by the inventors, the 1:1 ratio between glycol ether ester and glycol ether does not lead to the desired effects in terms of compatibility, being unsuitable for use as a coalescing agent. Furthermore, the present invention is based on the combination, in the same composition, of glycol ether esters and mono-, di- and tri-ethoxylated glycol ethers, that is, of compounds with different degrees of ethoxylation.

[0014]

[0013] JP 2001-106857 A also suggests that longer chain acids lead to a reduction in the viscosity of compositions. Viscosity reduction is not a desired property for coalescing agents, since it would require increased use of thickeners in the formulation.

[0015]

[0014] In turn, patent document WO 2014 / 099542 Al, entitled "LOW EMISSION EPOXY CURING AGENTS", discloses a hardener composition comprising (a) an amine component and (b) a glycol ether component comprising 10 to 70% by weight of an alkylene glycol phenyl ether, 25 to 80% by weight of a dialkylene glycol phenyl ether and 5 to 20% by weight of a trialkylene glycol phenyl ether, useful in thermosetting epoxy formulations.

[0016]

[0015] The composition disclosed in WO 2014 / 099542 A1 is a composition for curing epoxy resins. In this type of technology, the film is formed through chemical curing, i.e., a chemical reaction occurs so that a paint or coating film is formed. In turn, the present invention relates to coalescing agents, which assist the physical curing process of films, in which there is no chemical reaction, but only the association and redistribution of the polymer particles to form the film. Thus, WO 2014 / 099542 A1 does not relate to a composition for a coalescing agent compatible with different latices, but rather to solvents.

[0017]

[0016] Furthermore, the coalescent composition of the invention is used in considerably lower concentrations (preferably between 1% and 12% in relation to the polymer content present in the composition) than those described in WO 2014 / 099542 Al (namely, from 10 to 75% of the hardening composition, characterizing the use as a solvent).

[0018]

[0017] Furthermore, the preferred concentrations of the phenyl ethers of the glycol ether component (70% by weight of alkylene glycol phenyl ether, 25 to 27% by weight of dialkylene glycol phenyl ether and 3 to 5% by weight of trialkylene glycol phenyl ether, or 15 to 25% by weight of alkylene glycol phenyl ether, 60 to 75% by weight of dialkylene glycol phenyl ether and 5 to 20% by weight of trialkylene glycol phenyl ether) disclosed in said international application deviate from the concentration of the coalescing agent composition of the present invention.

[0019]

[0018] Patent document PI 1102802-5 Bl, entitled "COALESCENT COMPOSITION, AQUEOUS COATING COMPOSITION, AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A COATING", discloses a coalescent composition that includes from 20 to 80% by weight, based on the weight of the coalescent composition, of ethylene glycol phenyl ether and from 80% to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the coalescent composition, of diethylene glycol phenyl ether and a coalescent composition that includes from 20 to 80% by weight, based on the weight of the coalescent composition, of propylene glycol phenyl ether and from 80% to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the coalescent composition, of ether dipropylene glycol phenyl .

[0020]

[0019] The document describes a combination of a monoalkylene glycol phenyl ether with a dialkylene glycol phenyl ether, without mentioning the addition of a trialkylene glycol derivative to the mixture. The ratio between the components of the mixture of the composition disclosed in this document appears to be focused on decreasing VOC levels and not increasing compatibility with different latices. In fact, the coalescent composition disclosed in document PI 1102802-5 Bl has the problem of being incompatible with different latices. The examples given in document PI 1102802-5 Bl only show performance with a styrene acrylic latex, and do not address the issue of compatibility of phenyl glycols with other types of latices.

[0021]

[0020] Furthermore, the coalescent composition of the present invention also presents better hardness evolution in relation to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), used as a reference.

[0022]

[0021] In turn, patent document PI 0703876-3 Bl, entitled "BALANCED COALESCENT SOLUTIONS FOR PAINTS AND RESINS", reveals balanced coalescent solutions for paints and resins based on the combination of glycol ethers and glycol acetates, and esters of oils and fatty acids, with 6 to 36 carbon atoms, with physicochemical properties that aid coalescence and promote the reduction of volatile organic compounds and unpleasant odors.

[0023]

[0022] However, the coalescent compositions disclosed in document PI 0703876-3 Bl are based on the combination of glycol ethers with glycol acetates that are not of the respective glycol ethers or on the combination of glycol ethers with esters of oils and fatty acids. The coalescent composition of the present invention does not comprise esters of oils or fatty acids. Furthermore, the concentration of glycol ethers in the coalescent composition of document PI 0703876-3 Bl is different from the concentration of these elements in the coalescent composition of the present invention. Furthermore, patent PI 0703876-3 Bl does not mention and, therefore, does not suggest the use of phenylglycol ether acetate, nor does it include triethylene glycol phenyl ether among the glycol ethers disclosed therein.

[0024]

[0023] Furthermore, the effects obtained with the coalescent composition of PI 0703876-3 Bl are different from the effects of the coalescent composition of the present invention. In particular, the composition disclosed in PI 0703876-3 Bl does not present a greater reduction in TMFF than Texanol®

[0025] (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), unlike the present invention.

[0026]

[0024] Patent document WO 2017 / 172410 Al, entitled "COMPOSITIONS, AQUEOUS COATING COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE FREEZE / THAW STABILITY OF AQUEOUS COATING COMPOSITIONS", discloses compositions comprising an ethylene glycol phenyl ether derivative and an ether diester. Further, the document teaches that the ratio between these compounds is 30 to 70% of the ethylene glycol phenyl ether derivative to 30 to 70% of the ether diester.

[0027]

[0025] Unlike the present invention, the document refers to compositions that confer stability to the freeze / thaw cycle and not to coalescent compositions. Freeze / thaw resistance is typically conferred by surfactant compounds. The coalescent agent of the composition disclosed in WO 2017 / 172410 A1 is an ether diester, which is considerably different from the coalescent agents of the present invention. Example 1 of WO 2017 / 172410 A1 reinforces that the ethylene glycol phenyl ether derivatives of the composition disclosed therein are not used as coalescents in the formulation, as they show that the formulation does not negatively affect the TMFF. Furthermore, the ethylene glycol phenyl ether derivatives of the composition of WO 2017 / 172410 A1 do not encompass the glycol ethers of the present invention.

[0028]

[0026] Finally, patent document WO 2020 / 206296 Al, entitled "LOW VOC MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES TO IMPROVE WATERBORNE POLYMER FILM PROPERTIES", discloses a mixture of low VOC multifunctional additives, from the combination of a high VOC component and a low VOC component.

[0029]

[0027] However, the document focuses on developing formulations with low VOC content, considering certain legislative updates. For this purpose, the preferred ratio used between the combined elements is 1:1, with the focus being solely on reducing the VOC content to acceptable levels. The proportions of the combinations of the compositions disclosed therein are different from the proportions between the elements of the present invention. Despite presenting better stability with different latexes, the components of the compositions disclosed therein are different from those of the present invention.

[0030]

[0028] Therefore, it is understood that, even though different coalescent compositions were revealed in the state of the art, there is a need to provide coalescent compositions with high TMFF reduction capacity, allowing their use in low quantities, with compatibility with different latexes. The coalescent composition of the present invention solves this problem, from a composition comprising glycol ethers containing an aromatic ring in their chemical structure and the esters of said glycol ethers.

[0031] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032]

[0029] In a first embodiment, the present invention relates to a coalescent composition comprising aromatic glycol ethers, preferably a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether or monopropylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether and tripropylene glycol phenyl ether, and esters of C2 to C10 chain carboxylic acids, with linear or branched structure, preferably C2, C3, C4, C5 and C10 acids with linear structure, of said glycol ethers. The stoichiometric ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters varies between 30:70 and 0.1:99.9 to ensure the compatibility and performance of the composition.

[0033]

[0030] In a second embodiment, the present invention relates to a latex-based composition comprising the coalescent composition of the present invention.

[0034]

[0031] In a third embodiment, the present invention relates to a latex-based paint comprising the coalescent composition of the present invention.

[0035]

[0032] In a fourth embodiment, the present invention relates to a latex-based coating comprising the coalescent composition of the present invention.

[0036]

[0033] In a fifth embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of the composition of the present invention as a coalescing agent in latex-based compositions.

[0037] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0038]

[0034] Figure 1 graphically illustrates the effectiveness of reducing the TMFF of a neat acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 29°C and TMFF of approximately 20°C, commercially available as Encor® 636, Arkema, of three coalescent compositions of the present invention compared to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate).

[0039]

[0035] Figure 2 graphically illustrates the effectiveness of reducing the TMFF of a vinyl acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 17°C and TMFF of approximately 12°C, commercially available as Encor® 309, Arkema, of three coalescent compositions of the present invention compared to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisubutyrate).

[0040]

[0036] Figure 3 graphically illustrates the effectiveness of reducing the TMFF of a styrenated acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 30°C and TMFF of approximately 22°C, commercially available as Acronal® BS 700, BASF, of three coalescent compositions of the present invention compared to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisubutyrate).

[0041]

[0037] Figure 4 graphically illustrates the effectiveness of reducing the TMFF of a pure acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 29°C and TMFF of approximately 20°C, commercially available as Encor® 636, Arkema, of a coalescent composition of the present invention in comparison to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), at different dosages.

[0042]

[0038] Figure 5 graphically illustrates the effectiveness of reducing the TMFF of a vinyl acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 17°C and TMFF of approximately 12°C, commercially available as Encor® 309, Arkema, of a coalescent composition of the present invention in comparison to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), at different dosages.

[0043]

[0039] Figure 6 graphically illustrates the effectiveness of reducing the TMFF of a styrenated acrylic latex, with Tg of approximately 30 °C and TMFF of approximately 22 °C, commercially available as Acronal® BS 700, BASF, of a coalescent composition of the present invention in comparison to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), at different dosages.

[0044]

[0040] Figure 7 graphically illustrates the effectiveness of the Kõnig hardness evolution, for a Premium Semi-Gloss acrylic paint with approximately 32% PVC and 35% latex content, of a coalescent composition of the present invention in comparison to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisubutyrate).

[0045] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0046]

[0041] In a first embodiment, the present invention relates to a coalescent composition comprising (i) aromatic glycol ethers, and (ii) their respective esters of C2 to C10 chain carboxylic acids, with linear or branched structure, preferably C2, C3, C4, Cs and C10 acids with linear structure. The stoichiometric ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters varies between about 30:70 and about 0.1:99.9 to ensure the compatibility and performance of the composition.

[0047]

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the aromatic glycol ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, and triethylene glycol phenyl ether, or of monopropylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and tripropylene glycol phenyl ether.

[0048]

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the glycol ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, and triethylene glycol phenyl ether.

[0049]

[0044] In an alternative preferred embodiment, the glycol ethers are a combination of monopropylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and tripropylene glycol phenyl ether.

[0050]

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the esters of the glycol ethers are acetates, propionates, butyrates, caprylates or caprates.

[0051]

[0046] In an even more preferred embodiment, the glycol ether esters are acetates, butyrates, or a combination of acetates and butyrates. In an even more preferred embodiment, the combination of acetates and butyrates comprises 80 to 20% acetates and 20 to 80% butyrates.

[0052]

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether or monopropylene glycol phenyl ether is 0.1 to 15% by weight, the concentration of diethylene glycol phenyl ether or dipropylene glycol phenyl ether is 0.1 to 10% by weight, and the concentration of triethylene glycol phenyl ether or tripropylene glycol phenyl ether is 0.1 to 3% by weight, the concentration of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether ester or monopropylene glycol phenyl ether ester is 35 to 55% by weight, the concentration of diethylene glycol phenyl ether ester or dipropylene glycol phenyl ether ester is 30 to 45% by weight, and the concentration of triethylene glycol phenyl ether or tripropylene glycol phenyl ether ester is 5 to 15% by weight.

[0053]

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the glycol ethers to their respective esters is between about 25:75 and 1:99. More preferably, the ratio of the glycol ethers to their respective esters is from about 15:85 to about 5:95, preferably from 15:85 to 2:98.

[0049] In an even more preferred embodiment, the glycol ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, and triethylene glycol phenyl ether, and the esters are acetates of said glycol ethers, wherein the ratio of the glycol ethers to their respective esters is about 15:85.

[0054]

[0050] In another even more preferred embodiment, the glycol ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether and the esters are butyrates of said glycol ethers, wherein the ratio of the glycol ethers to their respective esters is about 5:95, preferably 2:98.

[0055]

[0051] In another even more preferred embodiment, the glycol ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether and the esters are a mixture of acetates and butyrates of said glycol ethers, wherein the ratio of the glycol ethers to their respective esters is from about 15:85 to about 5:95, preferably 8.5:91.5 ± 3.

[0056]

[0052] The coalescent composition of the present invention presents excellent compatibility with different types of latexes used in formulations of paints, coatings and other latex-based systems. Additionally, the coalescent composition of the present invention presents performance in terms of TMFF reduction much superior to commercially available coalescents on the market, more specifically in relation to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), the most consumed coalescent on a global scale and a reference for different applications of latex-based systems.

[0057]

[0053] The coalescent composition of the invention has greater efficiency in reducing the TMFF of different latexes, providing the possibility of significantly reducing the coalescent content used in different latex-based compositions without affecting the final performance of the composition. The possibility of reducing the coalescent content in latex-based formulations provides significant economic, environmental and logistical advantages.

[0058]

[0054] The coalescent composition of the invention allows for a dosage reduction in the final system of up to 50% compared to Texanol® (2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), depending on the type of latex in question.

[0059]

[0055] Since a lower dosage of the product can be used compared to other coalescents currently used, and the reduced coalescent fraction can be replaced by water in the final formulation without affecting the performance of the system, the use of the coalescent composition of the invention provides a cost reduction of the final formulation.

[0060]

[0056] Due to the lower dosage required in the formulations, a smaller amount of coalescent is used and, consequently, fewer resources are consumed for the production of the coalescent agents. In addition, the amount of the coalescent composition of the invention that needs to be transported from the coalescent production site to the production site of the final system in which the coalescent will be consumed is reduced. Since coalescents are the main contributors to the VOC content in latex-based formulations, using a lower dosage also results in lower VOC emissions, in line with environmental regulations that limit the permitted VOC content in paint, coating, and other latex-based composition formulations.

[0061]

[0057] Furthermore, in view of the lower usage dosage, a smaller amount of the coalescent composition of the invention will be consumed, thus reducing the size of the space required to store the coalescent composition of the invention at the production site of the final system.

[0062]

[0058] The coalescent composition of the present invention can be prepared from the esterification of aromatic glycol ethers, preferably from the mixture of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether or monopropylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether and tripropylene glycol phenyl ether.

[0063]

[0059] Alternatively, the coalescent composition of the present invention may be prepared from a mixture of aromatic glycol ethers, preferably monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether or monopropylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether and tripropylene glycol phenyl ether, with their respective esters, in a ratio between the glycol ethers and their esterified versions of about 30:70 to about 0.1:99.9.

[0064]

[0060] In a second embodiment, the present invention relates to a latex-based composition comprising the coalescent composition of the present invention.

[0061] A latex-based composition may be a paint, a coating, a varnish, an adhesive, a sealant, a waterproofer, or an elastomer. In particular, the latex-based composition may be, for example, a coating for paper or carpet, or a fabric coating used in the textile industry.

[0065]

[0062] In a third embodiment, the present invention relates to a latex-based paint comprising the coalescent composition of the present invention.

[0066]

[0063] In a fourth embodiment, the present invention relates to a latex-based coating comprising the coalescent composition of the present invention.

[0067]

[0064] Preferably, the latex used in the composition, paint or coating is selected from the group consisting of different monomeric compositions, preferably styrene-butyl acrylate, styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid, styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene, styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid, styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates, polyacrylates-acrylic acid, polyacrylates-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates-carboxylic acids, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-carboxylic acid derived monomers, vinyl acetate-ethylene, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate ... polyvinyl, alkyds, epoxy resin derivatives, polyester, polyurethane, melamine-polyurethane and / or combinations and mixtures of the aforementioned latexes.

[0068]

[0065] One skilled in the art will be able to determine the amount of coalescent composition that should be present in a latex-based composition, considering the properties of the latex used. In a preferred embodiment, the coalescent composition of the invention is present in an amount of up to 50% by weight, relative to the polymer content present in the latex-based composition, paint or coating. In a more preferred embodiment, the coalescent composition of the invention is present in an amount of 0.5 to 35% by weight, relative to the polymer content present in the latex-based composition, paint or coating. In an even more preferred embodiment, the coalescent composition of the invention is present in an amount of 1 to 12% by weight, relative to the polymer content present in the latex-based composition, paint or coating.

[0069]

[0066] Optionally, the latex-based composition, paint or coating of the invention may comprise conventional coating adjuvants such as, for example, pigments, mineral fillers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, co-dispersing agents, anti-foaming agents, deaerating agents, thickening agents, rheological modifiers, solvents, neutralizing agents, biocidal agents, anti-corrosive agents, anti-sedimentation agents, compatibilizing agents, hydrophobic agents, surface modifying agents, among other components.

[0070]

[0067] The latex-based composition, paint or coating of the invention can be applied to any surface such as, for example, but not limited to, cementitious substrates such as concrete and mortar, plaster, putty, acrylic putty, plaster, ceramics, fiber cement, wood, metal, glass, plastic, paper, carpet, fabric, as well as previously coated surfaces.

[0071]

[0068] In a fifth embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of the composition of the present invention as a coalescing agent in latex-based compositions.

[0072]

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the use of the coalescent composition of the invention leads to a reduction in the TMFF. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the use of the coalescent composition of the invention imparts strength to the formed film, particularly wet abrasion resistance, gloss and surface hardness evolution.

[0073]

[0070] The expression "about" in the scope of the present invention means a variation of ± 3. Thus, for example, "about 15:85" comprises 12:88, 13:87, 14:86, 15:85, 16:84, 17:83 and 18:82.

[0074]

[0071] To demonstrate its potential, the present invention will also be described in more detail in terms of realized examples. It should be noted that the following description is solely intended to elucidate the understanding of the proposed invention and to reveal, in more detail, the embodiment of the invention without limiting it to the same. Thus, variables similar to the examples are also encompassed within the scope of the invention.

[0075] Examples of Implementation

[0076] Example 1: Synthesis of coalescent composition 1 - Ethylene glycol phenyl ethers and their acetates

[0077]

[0072] The synthesis process of the glycol esters consisted of charging 13,148.0 g (78 moles) of glycol ether (mixture of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether in a ratio of approximately 50:41:9), followed by the addition of 4,799.0 g (79 moles) of acetic acid with a purity of 99.8% and 54.0 g (0.54 moles) of methanesulfonic acid as a catalyst.

[0078]

[0073] The process was carried out at a temperature of 110 ± 5 °C, collecting the water / acetic acid azeotrope from the reaction until stable acid value values ​​of 70 mg KOH / g were obtained. After reaching this condition, the pressure reduction began to a range of 53,329 - 66,661.2 Pa (400 - 500 mmHg) to favor the reaction and remove excess acetic acid. There was no need to raise the temperature. At this point, nitrogen inerting was applied to the reaction mass until an acid value lower than 3 mg KOH / g was obtained.

[0079]

[0074] Then, with the system cooled to 70°C (maximum), the first wash was performed with potable water and homogenized for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the system was kept at rest for phase separation and removal of the inorganic phase. A second wash was performed, together with the addition of 118.8 g (1.12 moles) of sodium carbonate, aiming to neutralize the residual acids. The system was kept under homogenization for 30 minutes, and after resting and phase separation, the inorganic phase was removed. At this stage, an acid value of less than 0.4 mg KOH / g was obtained. The organic reaction mass was washed again with potable water, removing the saponified residue and, after phase separation, the obtained product was subjected to direct application of nitrogen with or without the use of vacuum to remove residual water to values ​​below 0.5% (mass). Finally, the product was filtered to remove the sodium salt and packaged.

[0080]

[0075] The characterization of the synthesized component was performed using the gas chromatography technique coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The esterification rate obtained was approximately 85%.

[0081] Example 2: Synthesis of coalescent composition 2 - Ethylene glycol phenyl ethers and their propionates

[0082]

[0076] The synthesis process of glycol ethers consisted of charging 2,671.2 g (15.9 moles) of glycol ether (mixture of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether in a ratio of approximately 50:41:9), followed by the addition of 1,316.8 g (17.8 moles) of propionic acid with a purity of 99.5% and 12.0 g (0.54 moles) of methanesulfonic acid as a catalyst.

[0083]

[0077] The process was carried out at a temperature of 110 ± 5°C, collecting the water / propionic acid azeotrope from the reaction until stable acid value values ​​of 70 mg KOH / g were obtained. After reaching this condition, the pressure reduction began to a range of 53,329 - 66,661.2 Pa (400 - 500 mm Hg), to favor the reaction and remove excess propionic acid. There was no need to raise the temperature. At this point, nitrogen inerting was applied to the reaction mass until an acid value lower than 3 mg KOH / g was obtained.

[0084]

[0078] Then, with the system cooled to 70°C (maximum), the first wash was performed with potable water and homogenization for 30 minutes. It was necessary to use a 6.8 mol / L saturated saline NaCl solution in deionized water to break the emulsion formed. Then, the system was kept at rest for phase separation and removal of the inorganic phase. Subsequently, a wash was performed, together with the addition of 25.0 g (1.12 moles) of sodium carbonate to neutralize the residual acids. The system was kept under homogenization for 30 minutes, again using a 6.8 mol / L saturated saline NaCl solution in deionized water, and after resting and phase separation, the inorganic phase was removed. At this stage, an acid value of less than 0.4 mg KOH / g was obtained.The organic reaction mass was washed again with potable water, removing the saponified residue. After phase separation, the product obtained was subjected to direct nitrogen application with or without vacuum to remove residual water to values ​​below 0.5% (mass). Finally, the product was filtered to remove the sodium salt and packaged.

[0085]

[0079] The characterization of the synthesized component was performed using the gas chromatography technique coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The esterification rate obtained was approximately 94%.

[0086] Example 3: Synthesis of coalescent composition 3 - Ethylene glycol phenyl ethers and their butyrates

[0087]

[0080] The synthesis process of glycol esters consisted of charging 2,421.6 g (14.4 moles) of glycol ether (mixture of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether in a ratio of approximately 50:41:9), followed by the addition of 1,566.4 g (17.8 moles) of butyric acid with a purity of 99.5% and 12.0 g (0.54 moles) of methanesulfonic acid as a catalyst.

[0088]

[0081] The process was carried out at a temperature of 110 ± 5°C, collecting the water from the reaction until stable acid value values ​​of 70 mg KOH / g were obtained. After reaching this condition, the pressure reduction began to a range of 53,329 - 66,661.2 Pa (400 - 500 mm Hg) to favor the reaction and remove excess butyric acid. There was no need to raise the temperature. At this point, nitrogen inerting was applied to the reaction mass until an acid value lower than 3 mg KOH / g was obtained.

[0089]

[0082] Then, with the system cooled to 70°C (maximum), the first wash was performed with potable water and homogenized for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the system was kept at rest for phase separation and removal of the inorganic phase. A second wash was performed, together with the addition of 25.0 g (1.12 moles) of sodium carbonate to neutralize residual acids. The system was kept at homogenization for 30 minutes. After resting and phase separation, the inorganic phase was removed. At this stage, an acid value of less than 0.4 mg KOH / g was obtained. The organic reaction mass was washed again with potable water, removing the saponified residue and, after phase separation, the obtained product was subjected to direct application of nitrogen with or without the use of vacuum to remove residual water to values ​​less than 0.5% (mass). Finally, the product was filtered to remove the sodium salt and packaged.

[0090]

[0083] The characterization of the synthesized component was performed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique. The esterification rate obtained was approximately 98%. Example 4: Compatibility with Latices - Evaluation of the generated coalescent compositions

[0091]

[0084] To exemplify the compatibility of the generated coalescent compositions, coalescents 1, 2 and 3 of examples 1, 2 and 3, with different latices, the table below shows the residue content generated during the incorporation process of hot coalescent compositions, at a temperature of 50°C, at a concentration of 3% on the polymer content present in the composition of the latices. Evaluations were carried out with three different latices: a pure acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 29°C and TMFF of approximately 20°C, commercially available as Encor® 636, Arkema; ​​a vinyl acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 17°C and TMFF of 12°C, commercially available as Encor® 309, Arkema; and a styrenated acrylic latex, with a Tg of approximately 30 °C and TMFF of approximately 22 °C, commercially available as Acronal® BS 700.

[0092] Table 1: Residue content generated during the incorporation process of hot coalescent compositions in different latices

[0093]

[0085] The results in the table above demonstrate that all coalescent compositions generated present good compatibility with the different latices evaluated, presenting generated residue content values ​​lower than 0.10%, a reference value considered optimal.

[0094] Example 5: Latice Compatibility - Comparison of the ratio between glycol ethers and esters of the respective glycol ethers

[0095]

[0086] To exemplify the importance of the proportion between glycol ethers and esters thereof in the coalescent composition of the invention on compatibility with latexes, the table below shows the residue content generated during the incorporation process of coalescent compositions of different proportions, generated from the mixture of Coalescent 1 (ethylene glycol phenyl ether acetates) with the respective glycol ethers (monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether). In this case, for evaluation, a pure acrylic latex with a Tg of approximately 29°C and TMFF of approximately 20°C (commercially available as Encor® 636, Arkema) was used and the incorporation temperature was 50°C. The coalescing agents were incorporated at a concentration of 3.0% on the solids content of the latex.

[0096] Table 2: Effect of the ratio of glycol ethers to their esters on latex compatibility

[0097] FM = monoethylene glycol phenyl ether; FD = diethylene glycol phenyl ether; FT = triethylene glycol phenyl ether; FM Ac = monoethylene glycol phenyl ether acetate; FD Ac = diethylene glycol phenyl ether acetate; FT Ac = triethylene glycol phenyl ether acetate.

[0098]

[0087] As can be seen in Table 2 above, the use of only glycol ethers (coalescent 11) does not provide good compatibility with the latex, generating a high residue content of 0.55%. The higher the proportion of esters in the system, the lower the residue content generated, with acceptable values ​​(less than 0.10%) being observed from the glycol ether:ester ratio of 28:72 (coalescent 6), and reaching optimal values ​​(less than 0.02%) from the glycol ether:ester ratio of 24:76 (coalescent 5). Table 2 therefore demonstrates that the combination of glycol ethers with their esterified versions, from a certain proportion, allows the incorporation and increased compatibility of the coalescing agents with the latex. Example 6: Effectiveness in Reducing TMFF

[0099]

[0088] In order to determine the efficiency in terms of performance of the coalescent compositions of the invention, coalescent 1 of Example 1, coalescent 2 of Example 2 and coalescent 3 of Example 3, with glycol ether:ester ratios of 16:84, 6:94 and 2:98, respectively, were evaluated in terms of effectiveness for reducing TMFF in different latexes compared to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), a coalescent widely used globally and a market reference. The TMFF values ​​obtained, using a dosage of 3.0% coalescent on the polymer content, are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

[0100]

[0089] As can be seen in Figures 1, 2 and 3, all coalescent compositions developed, coalescents 1, 2 and 3, present greater efficiency in relation to Texanol® in reducing the minimum film formation temperature in different polymeric systems. Using the same dosage, in pure acrylic latex, the coalescents developed present TMFF values ​​approximately 52 to 62% lower in relation to Texanol®; in vinyl acrylic latex, the coalescents developed present TMFF values ​​approximately 43 to 165% lower in relation to Texanol®; and in styrenated acrylic latex, the coalescents developed present TMFF values ​​approximately 14 to 18% lower in relation to Texanol®.

[0101]

[0090] The results demonstrate that the coalescent compositions developed have the potential to be used in lower dosages in relation to the commercially available coalescent, Texanol®, thus providing potential for performance gains, economic gains and environmental gains due to the lower use of coalescent in the final system.

[0102] Example 7: Efficacy in Reducing TMFF - Dosing Curves

[0103]

[0091] In order to determine the efficiency in terms of performance of the coalescent compositions of the invention, Coalescent 1 of Example 1, with a glycol ether:ester ratio of 16:84, was evaluated in terms of effectiveness for reducing TMFF at different concentrations in different latexes compared to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), a coalescent widely used globally and a market reference. The results obtained are shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.

[0104]

[0092] As can be seen in Figures 4, 5 and 6, for the three different latexes evaluated, Coalescent 1 presents greater efficiency in relation to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate) in reducing TMFF. Considering a desired TMFF of 5°C, commonly used by paint and coating manufacturers, the coalescent composition of the invention can be used in significantly reduced dosages compared to Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate): in the case of pure acrylic latex, Encor® 636 (Figure 4), coalescent 1 achieves the desired TMFF at a concentration of 2.8%, while Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate) demands a concentration of 5.0% (44% dosage reduction);for vinyl acrylic latex, Encor® 309 (Figure 5), coalescent 1 achieves the desired MTFF at a concentration of 0.75%, whereas Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate) demands a concentration of 1.30% (42% dosage reduction); and for styrenated acrylic latex, Acronal® BS 700 (Figure 6), coalescent 1 achieves the desired MTFF at a concentration of 5.7%, whereas Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate) demands a concentration of 7.0% (19% dosage reduction).;

[0105]

[0093] This better performance observed allows for a reduction in the coalescent dosage in the final formulated system, providing, in addition to the economic gain, environmental gains in terms of reducing VOCs and consumption of natural resources, since the reduced coalescent fraction can be replaced by water in the formulation.

[0106] Example 8: Wet Abrasion Resistance of Paints - Medium PVC Formulations with Vinyl Acrylic Latex

[0107]

[0094] Interior vinyl acrylic paint formulations were prepared by varying the coalescent and its concentration in the formulation. The formulated paint has a PVC (pigment or filler concentration, in volume, in relation to the polymer concentration) of 60% and a latex content of 20%. The formulation used for evaluation is presented in Table 3.

[0108] Table 3: Premium Acrylic Vinyl Paint Formulation

[0109] Matte, used to evaluate the performance of coalescents

[0110]

[0095] The wet abrasion resistance (washability) of the paints formulated according to ABNT NBR 14940 standard was evaluated. The paints were applied to a previously cleaned PVC board, Leneta P121-10N. The application was carried out using an automatic applicator and a bar extender with an opening of 175 pm. The samples were cured in an air-conditioned room, with a temperature control of (25 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (60 ± 5) %, for a period of 7 days. After this period, the test was carried out in BYK Gardner-Scrub equipment using a nylon brush and abrasive paste. The tests were performed in triplicate. The results obtained, which indicate the number of cycles necessary to obtain wear in the form of a continuous line parallel to the brushing direction, are shown in Table 4 below.

[0111] Table 4: Effect of coalescent on wet abrasion resistance

[0112]

[0096] From the values ​​in Table 4 above, it is possible to observe that, even with a 30% reduction in the coalescent content in the formulation, Coalescent 1 (dosed at 0.15% or 1.4% by mass in relation to the polymer (PCP)) maintains performance equivalent to Texanol® (2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate) (dosed at 0.22% or 2.0% PCP), evidencing that the new coalescent developed can, effectively, be dosed at a lower concentration in relation to the market reference, Texanol® (2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol-monoisobutyrate), in formulations of paints, coatings and other latex-based compositions.

[0113] Example 9: Wet Abrasion Resistance of Paints - Medium and High PVC Formulations with Styrenated Acrylic Latex

[0097] Two paint formulations using styrenated acrylic latex were prepared. One formulation, typical of Economy Matte paint, described in Table 5, has a PVC of approximately 87% and a latex content of 8%. The other formulation evaluated, typical of Premium Matte paint, described in Table 6, has a PVC of approximately 54% and a latex content of 25%.

[0114] Table 5: Formulation of styrene acrylic paint, Economic Matte, used to evaluate the performance of coalescents

[0115] Table 6: Premium styrene acrylic paint formulation

[0116] Matte, used to evaluate the performance of coalescents

[0117]

[0118]

[0098] The wet abrasion resistance (washability) of the paints formulated according to ABNT NBR 15078 standard for the Economy Matte paint and according to ABNT NBR 14940 standard for the Premium Matte paint was evaluated. The paints were applied to a previously cleaned PVC board, Leneta P121-10N. The application was carried out with the aid of an automatic applicator and a bar extender with an opening of 175 pm. The samples were cured in an air-conditioned room, with a temperature control of (25 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (60 ± 5) %, for a period of 7 days. For the Economy Matte paints, the test was carried out in BYK Gardner-Scrub equipment using a hog hair bristle brush and a 1% detergent solution of nonylphenol ethoxylate with 9.5 moles of ethylene oxide. The tests were performed in triplicate. The results, corresponding to the average number of cycles required to obtain 80% wear of the area covered by the brush, are shown in Table 7.

[0119]

[0099] For Premium Matte paints, the test was carried out on BYK Gardner-Scrub equipment using a nylon brush and abrasive paste. The tests were carried out in triplicate. The results, which indicate the average number of cycles required to obtain wear in the form of a continuous line parallel to the brushing direction, are shown in Table 8.

[0120] Table 7: Effect of coalescent on wet abrasion resistance in styrened acrylic economy matte paint

[0121] Table 8: Effect of coalescent on wet abrasion resistance in Premium Matte styrened acrylic paint

[0122]

[0100] The results presented in Tables 7 and 8 demonstrate that the use of coalescent composition 1 in styrenated acrylic paint formulation provides improved film formation compared to paints formulated with Texanol®, as evidenced by the higher average number of cycles in the wet abrasion resistance test. The difference is more significant in high PVC paint formulations, as evidenced by the values ​​presented in Table 7.

[0123] Example 10: Gloss in paints - Medium / low PVC formulation with pure acrylic latex

[0101] A paint formulation was prepared using pure acrylic latex. The formulation, characteristic of Premium Semi-Gloss paint, has a PVC content of approximately 32% and a latex content of 35% and is described in Table 9.

[0124] Table 9: Formulation of acrylic paint, Premium Semi-Gloss, used to evaluate the performance of coalescents

[0125]

[0102] The gloss of the paints formulated in accordance with ABNT NBR 15299 standard was evaluated. The paints were applied to a previously cleaned glass substrate with the aid of an extender with an opening of 150 pm. Curing was carried out in an air-conditioned room, with a temperature of (25 ± 2) °C and relative humidity of (60 ± 5) %, for a period of 24 hours. After this period, using the goniophotometer, gloss readings were taken at 60°. The tests were performed in triplicate. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0126] Table 10: Effect of coalescent on gloss in paint

[0127] Premium Semi-Gloss Acrylic

[0128]

[0103] The results presented in Table 10 demonstrate that coalescent composition 1, when used in the formulation of acrylic paint with a semi-gloss finish, provides greater gloss compared to the paint formulated with the commercially available coalescent, Texanol®. Using Coalescent 1 in the formulation of the paint evaluated, an increase in gloss of approximately 26% is observed compared to the paint formulated with the Texanol® coalescent at the same dosage.

[0129] Example 11: Surface hardness evolution - Medium / low PVC formulation with pure acrylic latex

[0130]

[0104] The same paints prepared in example 10 were used in example 11. The surface Kõnig hardness of the paints was evaluated in accordance with ABNT NBR 14946 standard. The paints were applied to a previously cleaned glass substrate with the aid of an extender with an opening of 150 pm. Curing was carried out in an air-conditioned room, with a temperature of (25 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (60 ± 5) %. In addition to the curing periods determined in the standard, of 24 h, 3 days and 7 days, evaluations were also carried out for the curing periods of 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. The readings were taken on equipment to measure hardness with a Kõnig pendulum. The results are shown in Figure 7.

[0131]

[0105] The results in Figure 7 show that, in the first curing period evaluated, of 24 hours, the surface hardness of the paint formulated with Coalescent 1 is lower than that of the paint formulated with Texanol®. This behavior can be explained by the higher boiling point, and consequently, lower evaporation rate of Coalescent 1 in relation to Texanol®. However, after a curing age of 3 days, the surface hardness of the paints becomes equal, and for longer curing periods, after 7 days, the surface hardness of the paint formulated with Coalescent 1 exceeds the surface hardness of the paint formulated with Texanol®, indicating better behavior in terms of the quality of the film formed, which makes the paint formulated with Coalescent 1 less susceptible to problems related to lower surface hardness, such as dirt pick-up.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Coalescent composition, characterized by the fact that it comprises: (i) aromatic glycol ethers, and (ii) esters of C2 to C10 chain carboxylic acids, with a linear or branched structure, of said glycol ethers, or combinations thereof, in which the proportion between the glycol ethers and their respective esters varies between 30:70 and 0.1:99.

9.

2. Coalescent composition, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the aromatic glycol ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether or of monopropylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether and tripropylene glycol phenyl ether.

3. Coalescent composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the phenyl ethers are a combination of monopropylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether and tripropylene glycol phenyl ether.

4. Coalescent composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the phenyl ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether.

5. Coalescent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the esters are acetates, propionates, butyrates, caprylates or caprates of said glycol ethers.

6. Coalescent composition, according to any of of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the esters are acetates of said glycol ethers.

7. Coalescent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the esters are butyrates of said glycol ethers.

8. Coalescent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the esters are a mixture of acetates and butyrates of said glycol ethers.

9. Coalescent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters is between 25:75 ± 3 and 1:

99.

10. Coalescent composition, according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters is 15:85 ± 3.

11. Coalescent composition, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters is 5:95 ± 3.

12. Coalescent composition, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the proportion between the glycol ethers and their respective esters varies between 15:85 ± 3 and 5:95 ± 3, preferably being 8.5:91.5 ± 3.

13. Coalescent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 9 and 10, characterized in that the ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and ether phenyl triethylene glycol and the esters are acetates of said glycol ethers, in which the ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters is 15:85 ± 3.

14. Coalescent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 7, 9 and 11, characterized in that the ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether and the esters are butyrates of said glycol ethers, in which the ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters is 5:95 ± 3.

15. Coalescent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 8, 9 and 12, characterized in that the ethers are a combination of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether and triethylene glycol phenyl ether and the esters are a mixture of acetates and butyrates of said glycol ethers, in which the ratio between the glycol ethers and their respective esters varies from 15:85 ± 3 to 5:95 ± 3, preferably being 8.5:91.5 ± 3.

16. Latex-based composition, characterized in that it comprises the coalescent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. Latex-based composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the latex used is selected from the group consisting of monomeric compositions of styrene-butyl acrylate, styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid, styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene, styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid, styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene, acrylonitrile- butadiene-acrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates, polyacrylates-acrylic acid, polyacrylates-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates-carboxylic acids, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-carboxylic acid derivative monomers, vinyl acetate-ethylene, polyvinyl acetate, alkyds, epoxy resin derivatives, polyester, polyurethane, melanin-polyurethane and / or combinations and mixtures of the aforementioned latexes.

18. Latex-based composition according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the coalescent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15 is present in an amount of up to 50% by weight of the polymer content.

19. Latex-based paint, characterized in that it comprises the coalescent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15.

20. Latex-based paint according to claim 19, characterized in that the latex used is selected from the group consisting of monomeric compositions of latexes styrene-butyl acrylate, styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid, styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene, styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid, styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates, polyacrylates-acrylic acid, polyacrylates-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates-carboxylic acids, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-carboxylic acid derived monomers, vinyl acetate-ethylene, polyvinyl acetate, alkyds, derivatives of epoxy resin, polyester, polyurethane, melamine-polyurethane and / or combinations and mixtures of the aforementioned latexes.

21. Latex-based paint according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the coalescent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15 is present in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight of the polymer content.

22. Latex-based coating, characterized in that it comprises the coalescent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15.

23. Latex-based coating according to claim 22, characterized in that the latex used is selected from the group consisting of monomeric compositions of latexes styrene-butyl acrylate, styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid, styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene, styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid, styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates, polyacrylates-acrylic acid, polyacrylates-methacrylic acid, polyacrylates-carboxylic acids, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-carboxylic acid derived monomers, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-carboxylic acid derived monomers, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-carboxylic acid derived monomers, vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate-methacry ... vinyl-ethylene, polyvinyl acetate, alkyds, epoxy resin derivatives, polyester, polyurethane, melamine-polyurethane and / or combinations and mixtures of the aforementioned latexes.

24. Latex-based coating according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the coalescent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15 is present in an amount from 0.1 to 50%, by weight, on the polymer content.

25. Use of the coalescent composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by the fact that it is used as a coalescent agent in latex-based compositions, paints and coatings.

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