Data channel for application in internet protocol multimedia subsystem
By implementing a call event notification system for DC application initiation, the solution addresses the limitations of network-controlled DC application downloads, enhancing user experience and efficiency in IMS data channel solutions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077636
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
Current IMS data channel solutions are limited in their ability for network-initiated DC application downloads, particularly in Person to Application (P2A) or Application to Person (A2P) use cases, where DC Application Servers (DC AS) cannot initiate DC application downloads, and the bootstrap data channel is heavy, leading to poor user experience.
A first apparatus sends a call event notification to a second apparatus, indicating the need for a DC application, allowing the second apparatus to initiate the DC application download to a terminal device, combining bootstrap and application data channels for efficient network-controlled application delivery.
Enables network-initiated DC application downloads, improving user experience by reducing the need for heavy bootstrap channels and enhancing flexibility in application delivery.
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Figure CN2024077636_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DATA CHANNEL FOR APPLICATION IN INTERNET PROTOCOL MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for data channel (DC) for application in internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) .BACKGROUND
[0003] IMS solutions are widely used to provide voice communication service. In order to enable IMS to handle interactive calls in addition to voice communication, the IMS data channel (DC) solution has been proposed. The IMS DC solution uses session initiation protocol (SIP) or session description protocol (SDP) to perform IMS DC SDP negotiation between user equipment (UEs) and DC signaling function (DCSF) or DC media function (DCMF) . Based on the result of the SDP negotiation, the UE may establish a bootstrap data channel with data channel server (DCS) and use Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) or Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) or user datagram protocol (UDP) protocol to retrieve an application list and application (s) from DCMF or DCSF. In this case, the application is a Hypertext Markup Language (HTM) page with embedded JavaScript and may contain other objects such as style sheets or images. The user may select any application from the list. When the user wants to launch an application, the SDP negotiation is performed with the application data channel. Once the SDP negotiation is completed, the UE could exchange application data within the application data channel.
[0004] The IMS data channel solution is very critical to IMS solution because it enables data channel for applications in addition to voice and video. With an IMS data channel solution, a large number of data applications can be created and delivered to users without the need to pre-install applications on the UE.SUMMARY
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: send, to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and receive, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0006] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus to: receive, from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and send, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0007] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to: send, to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel; obtain the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel; and exchange, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.
[0008] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the IMS AS to: receive, from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel; send, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel; and send, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.
[0009] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: sending, at a first apparatus to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and receiving, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0010] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a second apparatus from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and sending, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0011] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: sending, at a terminal device to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel; obtaining the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel; and exchanging, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.
[0012] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at an IMS AS from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel; sending, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel; and sending, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for sending, to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and means for receiving, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0014] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and means for sending, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a third apparatus. The third apparatus comprises means for sending, to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel; means for obtaining the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel; and means for exchanging, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a fourth apparatus. The fourth apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel; means for sending, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel; and means for sending, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.
[0017] In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fifth aspect.
[0018] In a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the sixth aspect.
[0019] In a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the seventh aspect.
[0020] In a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the eighth aspect.
[0021] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0024] FIG. 2A illustrates an example IMS according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 2B illustrates another example IMS according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 3A illustrates a signaling flow of communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 3B illustrates another signaling flow of communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 3C illustrates another signaling flow of communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate signaling flows for DC application in IMS according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at an IMS AS according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 9 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0035] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0036] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0038] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0039] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0040] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0041] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0042] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0043] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0044] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0045] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0046] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0047] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0048] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0049] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0050] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0051] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0052] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0053] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0054] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0055] The IMS DC solution for 5G has become a topic of intense discussion. From the current standard, the bootstrap data channel is always required. The UE uses the bootstrap data channel connection to download bootstrap the root applications list and the specific DC applications. Only the UE can initiate the bootstrap and application data channel establishment negotiations using SIP / SDP. In some Person to Application (P2A) or Application to Person (A2P) use cases (consumer to business or business to consumer) , the DC Application Server (DC AS) wants to initiate the DC application establishment based on demand, e.g., DC AS wants to use a specific application. For this kind of use cases, the current standard suffers from the following issues: DC Application Servers (DC AS) are unable to initiate the DC application download to UE; and the bootstrap data channel is always required, which is heavy and doesn’t have good user experience. Global System for Mobile Association (GSMA) NG UPG #08 has identified use cases that require mid-call setup of network-initiated IMS data channel calls.
[0056] The present disclosure proposes a solution of data channel for application in IMS. In this solution, a first apparatus (such as a DCSF) sends, to a second apparatus (such as a DCAS) , a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device. The first apparatus receives, from the second apparatus, an indication that a DC application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices. In this way, the second apparatus such as the DCAS can initiate the DC application download to a terminal device.
[0057] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0058] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a UE 110-1 may communicate with a network node 120 (e.g., an IMS node 120) within an IMS network 102. For example, the IMS node 120 may be an IMS AS or any other suitable IMS node. The IMS node 120 may communicate with a further network node (not shown) .
[0059] A UE 110-2 located in a further IMS network 104 may be communicate with the UE 110-1, for example, via the IMS node 120. It is to be understood that the further IMS network 104 may also comprise an IMS node, which is not shown in FIG. 1.
[0060] It is to be understood that the IMS network 102 and the further IMS network 104 may also comprise other entities / functions / gateways, such as DCSF, DCAS, Call Session Control Function (CSCF) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) , which are not shown in FIG. 1.
[0061] In some example embodiments, a link from the network node to the UE is referred to as a downlink (DL) , and a link from the UE to the network node is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network node is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the UE is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the UE is a TX device (or a transmitter) and network node is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0062] Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0063] Reference is made to FIG. 2A, which illustrates an example IMS network 200 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The IMS network 102 and / or the IMS network 104 may be implemented as the IMS network 200.
[0064] The IMS network 200 may include a DCSF 210, a DCAS 220, a UE 230 (such as the UE 110-1) , an IMS AS 250, a media function (MF) 250, S-CSCF 260, P-CSCF 270 and additional functions or entities. Another UE such as the UE 110-2 in a remote IMS 280 may communicate with the UE 230 in the IMS network 200.
[0065] FIG. 2B illustrates another IMS network 205, which is similar to the IMS network 200. The difference between the IMS network 205 and the network 200 is that the MF 250 is replaced by a media resource function (MRF) 255.
[0066] In the IMS network 200 or the IMS network 205, the DCSF 210 is the signaling control function that provides the data channel control logic. The DCSF 210 may not be involved in SIP signaling. The DCSF 210 may support the following functionalities:
[0067] · the DCSF 210 may receive event reports from the IMS AS 240 and determines whether the data channel service is allowed to be provided during the IMS session;
[0068] · the DCSF 210 may manage the bootstrap data channel and, if applicable, the application data channel resources at the MF 250 or MRF 255 via the IMS AS 240;
[0069] · the DCSF 210 may support HTTP web server functionality to download data channel applications (bootstrapping) via the MF 250 and / or MRF 255 to the UE 230 based on UE subscription;
[0070] · the DCSF 210 may download data channel applications from the DC application repository (DCAR) ;
[0071] · the DCSF 210 may interact with NEF for data channel capability exposure via N33;
[0072] · the DCSF 210 may interact with the DCAS 220 for DC resource control via DC4 / DC3, and for traffic forwarding via multiple description coding (MDC) 3 / MDC2; and
[0073] · the DCSF 210 may interact with HSS for retrieving and storing DCSF 210 service specific data via N72 / Sc.
[0074] The DCAR may store the verified data channel applications which are retrieved by the DCSF 210 when required.
[0075] In some example embodiments, the MF 250 and MRF 255 may provide the media resource management and forwarding of data channel media traffic. The MF 250 and / or MRF 255 may provide the following functionalities:
[0076] · the MF 250 and / or MRF 255 may manage the data channel media resources (bootstrap and application data channel resources, if applicable) under the control of the IMS AS;
[0077] · the MF 250 and / or MRF 255 may terminate the bootstrap data channel from the UE 230 and forward HTTP traffic between the UE 230 and DCSF 210 via MDC1;
[0078] · the MF 250 and / or MRF 255 may anchor the application data channel in person to person (P2P) scenarios, if required, and forward application data traffic from / to the UEs; and
[0079] · the MF 250 and / or MRF 255 may relay traffic on the A2P / P2A application data channels between the UE 230 and the DCAS 220 via MDC2.
[0080] In some example embodiments, the IMS AS 240 may support the following functionalities:
[0081] · the IMS AS 240 may interact with the DCSF 210 via DC1 for event notifications;
[0082] · the IMS AS 240 may receive the data channel control instructions from the DCSF 210, and accordingly may interact with the MF 250 via DC2; and
[0083] · the IMS AS 240 interacts with HSS 235 for retrieving and storing DC enhanced IMS AS 240 service specific data via N71 / Sh.
[0084] In some example embodiments, the S-CSCF 260 may support the following functionalities: the S-CSCF 260 may include a Feature-Caps header field indicating its data channel capability in the 200 OK response to the initial and any subsequent REGISTER request from UE 230.
[0085] In some example embodiments, in order to support data channel service, the HSS may perform the following functionalities: store IMS Data Channel subscription data as transparent data; interact with DCSF 210 during service data retrieval by DCSF 210 via N72 / Sc; and interact with IMS AS 240 during service data retrieval by IMS AS 240 via N71 / Sh.
[0086] Several example architectures of the IMS network have been described. It is to be understood that these illustrated entities, functions and their connections are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. The IMS network may include more or less entities or functions. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0087] FIG. 3A illustrates a signaling flow 300 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 300 involves a first apparatus 305 and a second apparatus 310. The first apparatus 305 may be implemented as the DCSF 210 in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, and the second apparatus 310 may be implemented as the DCAS 220 in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B. The signaling flow may involve further apparatus or device such as a terminal device (the UE 230) or the IMS AS 240.
[0088] As shown in FIG. 3A, the first apparatus 305 sends (315) , to the second apparatus 310, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device. The second apparatus 310 receives (320) the call event notification.
[0089] The second apparatus 310 transmits (325) , to the first apparatus 305, an indication that a DC application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices. The first apparatus 305 receives (330) the indication.
[0090] In some example embodiments, the call event notification may include at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, or a session ID of the call session. For example, the second apparatus 310 may notify the first apparatus 305 by sending for example Ndcsf_SessionControl_Notify (CallingID, CalledID, SessionID, application binding info, media resource) . It includes the SessionID of the call session, application binding information and reserved media resource on MDC2 interface.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the indication may be included in a call session control information for the call session, and the call session control notification may further include at least one of: an ID of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, or a media resource for the DC application.
[0092] In some example embodiments, the call event may be related to at least one of: a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, an answer to a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, a busy status of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a disconnected status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, or a not reachable status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices.
[0093] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 305 may receive the call event notification from at least one of an IMS AS or the first terminal device. The first apparatus 305 may determine to send the call event notification to the second apparatus 310 by validating user subscription data. The user subscription data includes subscription information of the second apparatus 310 for the call event notification. The first apparatus 305 may select, based on the user subscription data, the second apparatus 310 for the transmission of the call event notification.
[0094] For example, the first apparatus 305 may validate user subscription data to determine whether need to send event notification to the second apparatus 310. If the first apparatus 305 determines that call event notification needs to be notified to the second apparatus 310, the first apparatus 305 may select the second apparatus 310 based on subscription data. The first apparatus 305 may notify the second apparatus 310 of the call event by sending for example Ndcsf_SessionEvent_Notify (CallingID, CalledID, SessionCase, Call Event, SessionID) .
[0095] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 310 may subscribe, from the first apparatus 305, the call event notification associated with at least one of the first terminal device or the second terminal device.
[0096] The DCAS subscribes for call event notification at DCSF and subsequently the DCSF at IMS AS for incoming calls to the relevant banking numbers (telephone number, SIP URI) . Once there is an incoming call from UE 1 to one of the banking numbers, the IMS AS / DCSF shall send call event notification with call related information to DCAS. Then DCAS knows the call related information. The banking agent uses the DCAS during voice call. The call event notification also includes IMS DC capability of UE 1 (i.e. whether UE supports IMS DC and combined bootstrap and application data channel) .
[0097] When banking agent wants to use IMS DC application in the call, the agent shall trigger DCAS to send IMS DC application initiation request message to DCSF with associated call session information (calling party ID, application information, session ID) .
[0098] In some example embodiments, the call event notification may indicate a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel, and data generated by the DC application may be exchanged between the second apparatus 310 and the first terminal device via the combined data channel.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 305 may in response to receiving the indication, send, to an IMS AS, a further indication of an establishment of a data channel with an MF or MRF, the data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel and carrying traffic of the DC application.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the further indication may comprise at least one of: a session ID of the call session, a media resource for the DC application, a DC stream ID, or a uniform resource locator (URL) for the DC application.
[0101] By way of example, the first apparatus 305 may invoke the Nimsas_MediaControl_MediaInstruction (Session ID, Media Instruction Set) operation based on its policies instructing the IMS AS how to set up combined data channel with MF 250. The MediaInstructionSet provided by the first apparatus 305 may include the MDC2 media resource created in sending the Ndcsf_SessionControl_Notify, DC Stream ID, the replacement HTTP URL representing the application offered via the MDC1 interface, and application binding information.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 305 may receive, from the MF or the MRF, a request for the DC application from the first terminal device. In response to the request, the first apparatus 305 may provide the DC application to the first terminal device via the combined data channel.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 305 may send, to the IMS AS, an indication that combined data channel is used for a transmission associated with the DC application. For example, the first apparatus 305 may notify the IMS AS of the DC event control by sending for example Nimsas_SessionEventControl_Notify (SessionEstablishmentRequestEvent, Session ID, Calling ID, Called ID, Session Case, Event initiator, Media InfoList, DC Stream ID) request to the IMS AS.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the indication may comprise at least one of: a session establishment request event, an ID of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, an event indicator, a media information list, or a DC stream ID.
[0105] In some example embodiments, the call event notification may indicate a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel.
[0106] Reference is made to FIG. 3B, which illustrates a signaling flow 340 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 340 involves the first apparatus 305, the second apparatus 310, a terminal device 350 and an MF / MRF 345. The first apparatus 305 may be implemented as the DCSF 210 in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the second apparatus 310 may be implemented as the DCAS 220 in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the terminal device 350 may be the UE 230, and the MF / MRF 345 may be the MF 250 in FIG. 2A or the MRF 255 in FIG. 2B. The signaling flow may involve further apparatus or device such as the IMS AS 240. It is to be understood that the terminal device 350 may be the first terminal device or the second terminal device described with respect to FIG. 3A.
[0107] As shown in FIG. 3B, the terminal device 350 transmit (355) , to the MF / MRF 345, a request for downloading a DC application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel. The MF / MRF 345 receives (360) the request. The first apparatus 305 provides (365) the DC application to the terminal device 355. The terminal device 355 obtains (370) the DC application from the first apparatus 305 via the combined data channel. The terminal device 350 and the second apparatus 310 exchange (375) data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.
[0108] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 350 may send, to an IMS AS or the first apparatus 305, a SIP registration request. The SIP registration request includes an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel.
[0109] For P2A and A2P use cases, the second apparatus 310 such as the DCAS is required to provide business services. For example, a bank uses a special app (multi-factor authentication (MFA) or data encryption app) implemented on a DCAS to provide data related business services based on IMS DC.
[0110] For the network to know that the terminal device 350 supports combination of bootstrap and application DC, the terminal device 350 needs to provide an indication in the SIP registration request about its capability. By transmitting the SIP registration request, the network may know that the terminal device 350 supports combination of bootstrap and application DC.
[0111] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 350 may further receive, from the IMS AS, an indication that the IMS network supports the combined data channel. In this way, the terminal device 350 can know that the IMS network supports the combination of bootstrap and application DC.
[0112] It is to be understood that the transmission of the terminal device’s capability and / or the IMS network’s capability may be prior to the transmitting (355) of the request for downloading the DC application.
[0113] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 350 may receive, from the IMS AS, a request to establish a combined data channel. The request may include an indication of the DC application. In response to receiving the request to establish a combined data channel, the terminal device 350 may provide a prompt to a user, the prompt indicating the user to accept the request of the data channel application from second apparatus 310. In response to receiving a user input of accepting the request, the terminal device 350 may transmit a response to the IMS AS to accept the request. The terminal device 350 may transmit a request to establish the combined data channel for the indicated DC application.
[0114] In some example embodiments, at least one of the request or the response may include a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) stream ID. The SCTP stream ID may comprise at least one of: a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel, a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel, a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, or the dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.
[0115] For example, to support this special DCAS initiated DC application request, it’s to combine bootstrap and application data channel. There are a few options to encode the SCTP stream ID used in SDP offer / answer:
[0116] · Stream ID of DC application (bigger than 1000) together with an indication. For example: a=dcmap: 7216 label="combined" .
[0117] · Stream ID 100 Remote Network Provider together with an indication. For example: a=dcmap: 100 subprotocol="http" ; label="combined" .
[0118] · New dedicated stream ID less than 1000, for example 200 for the combined bootstrap / application DC case. For example: a=dcmap: 200 label="combined" .
[0119] In some example embodiments, the request may be included in a session description protocol (SDP) offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by the second apparatus 310.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 305 such as the DCSF sends request to IMS AS to reserve media resources for the terminal device 350 such as UE 1 and the second apparatus 310 such as the DCAS on the MF / MRF 345. Then IMS AS sends SDP offer with reserved media resources to the terminal device 350. The SDP offer includes DC application binding information and an indicator that this is a DCAS provided application.
[0121] When the terminal device 350 receives the SDP offer, the terminal device 350 may prompt the user whether the user wants to accept the DC application request from the banking DCAS. Once user accepts it, the terminal device 350 sends SDP answer to accept application data channel establishment request. When DC application establishment negotiation is completed, the application data channel connection is established between the terminal device 350 and DCAS via MF / MRF 345.
[0122] In some example embodiments, in response to receiving the SDP offer, the terminal device 350 may transmit, to the MF / MRF 345, a uniform resource locator (URL) of the application data channel to request the DC application. The terminal device 350 may obtain the DC application provided by the first apparatus 305, and the providing of the data channel application is based on the URL received by the first apparatus 305 via the MF / MRF 345. For example, the URL may be transmitted via a signaling or message such as an HTTP GET request (also referred to as “HTTP GET” ) with root “ / ” URL.
[0123] The terminal device 350 may use HTTP GET with root “ / ” URL inside the combined bootstrap and application data channel to download the DC application from the network (based on the indicator in SDP) and there is no dedicated bootstrap data channel available. Note that the application data channel is exclusively used for the banking application, thus using root URL allows the DCSF to provide exactly the banking app to the terminal device 350. This allows to combine the bootstrap and application data channel, i.e., to use the application DC as a bootstrap DC just for this one application without the need to establish an extra bootstrap DC. DCAS may not need to download the DC application as it is deployed as part of the banking application.
[0124] Once the DC application was downloaded on the terminal device 350, the DC application is launched on the terminal device 350. The terminal device 350 and DCAS communicate with each other via the application data channel connection.
[0125] Reference is made to FIG. 3C, which illustrates a signaling flow 380 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 380 involves the first apparatus 305, the terminal device 350 and the IMS AS 385. The first apparatus 305 may be implemented as the DCSF 210 in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the terminal device 350 may be the UE 230, and the IMS AS may be the IMS AS 240. The signaling flow may involve further apparatus or device such as the second apparatus 310, an MF / MRF 345, or the like.
[0126] As shown in FIG. 3C, the terminal device 350 transmits (390) , to the IMS AS 385, a SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device 350 for supporting the combined data channel. The IMS AS 385 receives (392) the SIP registration request.
[0127] The IMS AS 385 sends (394) , to the terminal device 350, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel. The terminal device 350 receives (396) the indication.
[0128] In this way, the terminal device can know about the capability of the IMS network for supporting the combined data channel, and the IMS network can know about the terminal device’s capability for supporting the combined data channel.
[0129] The IMS AS 385 sends (398) , to the first apparatus 305, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device 350 and a further terminal device. For example, the IMS AS 385 may subscribe the DC call event notification on user (s) , and send the call event notification to the first apparatus 305. The first apparatus 305 receives (399) the call event notification.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the IMS AS 385 may transmit, to the terminal device 350, a request to establish a combined data channel, the request including an indication of the DC application. The IMS AS 385 may receive, from the terminal device 350, a response to accept the request. The request and / or the response may include a SCTP stream ID. For example, the SCTP stream ID may include at least one of: a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel, a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel, a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, or the dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the request is included in an SDP offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by the second apparatus 310.
[0132] The signaling flow 300, the signaling flow 340 and / or the signaling flow 380 may be applied separately, or in any combination. The signaling flow 300, the signaling flow 340 and / or the signaling flow 380 may include other additional operations. With these signaling flows, the DCAS can initiate the DC application download to the UE. In addition, the bootstrap channel will not be always required to be established. Further embodiments regarding combining several operations in the signaling flow 300, the signaling flow 340 and / or the signaling flow 380 will be described with respect to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B.
[0133] FIG. 4A illustrates a signaling flow 400 for DC application in IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4B illustrates a signaling flow 460 for DC application in IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 400 is continued with the signaling flow 460. The signaling flow 400 and the signaling flow 460 involve the DCSF 210, DCAS 220, UE 230 (referred to as UE 1) , IMS AS 240, MF 250 / MRF 255, S-CSCF 260 and P-CSCF 270 in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B. The signaling flows 400 and 460 further involve a UE 450 (referred to as UE 2) . The UE 450 may be in the remote IMS 280 in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B. It is to be understood that the UE 230 in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B may be replaced with another device or entity in the IMS network 200 or 205.
[0134] In operations, DCAS 220 may subscribe (401) the call event notification on UE 450 at DCSF 210 and subsequently DCSF 210 at IMS AS 240. The call event may be a call request, answer. This use case use answer call event in subscription. The subscription may use provisioning. UE 230 calls UE 450 and audio / video call is established (402) based on existing procedure.
[0135] Once call is answered, IMS AS 240 may validate (403) user subscription data to determine whether current call event should be notified to DCSF 210. If the IMS AS 240 determines that call event notification needs to be notified to DCSF 210, the IMS AS 240 selects a DCSF 210 for this user based on local configuration or discovery and selection of a DCSF 210 instance via NRF. IMS AS 240 notifies (404) the DCSF 210 of the call event by sending Nimsas_SessionEventControl_Notify (CallEventNotificationEvent, Session ID, Calling ID, Called ID, Session Case, Call Event) request to the DCSF 210.
[0136] DCSF 210 may validate (405) user subscription data to determine whether need send event notification to DCAS 220. If DCSF 210 determines that call event notification needs to be notified to DCAS 220, DCSF 210 selects DCAS 220 based on subscription data. The DCSF 210 sends the call event notification to the DCAS 220. For example, DCSF 210 notifies (406) the DCAS 220 of the call event by sending Ndcsf_SessionEvent_Notify (CallingID, CalledID, SessionCase, Call Event, SessionID) . DCAS 220 knows (407) the call session information based on received information. DCAS 220 responds (408) to Ndcsf_SessionEvent_Notify request. DCSF 210 responds (409) to Nimsas_SessionEventControl_Notify request.
[0137] When user 2 wants to use P2A DC application with UE 230, user triggers the DCAS 220 to initiate (410) DC application. DCAS 220 sends, to the DCSF 210, an indication that the DC application is required for a call session. For example, DCAS 220 notifies (411) the DCSF 210 by sending Ndcsf_SessionControl_Notify (CallingID, CalledID, SessionID, application binding info, media resource) . It includes the SessionID of call session, application binding information and reserved media resource on MDC2 interface.
[0138] DCSF 210 invokes (412) the Nimsas_MediaControl_MediaInstruction (Session ID, Media Instruction Set) operation based on its policies instructing the IMS AS 240 how to set up combined data channel with MF 250. The MediaInstructionSet provided by the DSCF 210, includes the MDC2 media resource created in sending the Ndcsf_SessionControl_Notify, DC Stream ID, the replacement HTTP URL representing the application offered via the MDC1 interface, and application binding information.
[0139] IMS AS 240 requests (413) MF 250 / MRF 255 to reserve media resource for both originating side and MDC2 for DCAS 220. IMS AS 240 responds (414) to the MediaInstruction request. The response may include the atomic success result of operation and also includes negotiated data channel media resource information for MDC2.
[0140] DCSF 210 responds (415) to Ndcsf_SessionControl_Notify request.
[0141] DCSF 210 may send, to the IMS AS 240, an indication that the combined data channel is used for a transmission associated with the DC application. By way of example, DCSF 210 notifies (416) the IMS AS 240 of the DC event control by sending Nimsas_SessionEventControl_Notify (SessionEstablishmentRequestEvent, Session ID, Calling ID, Called ID, Session Case, Event initiator, Media InfoList, DC Stream ID) request to the IMS AS 240.
[0142] IMS AS 240 responds (417) to the Nimsas_SessionEventControl_Notify. IMS AS 240 may start (418) IMS DC SDP negotiation with UE 230.
[0143] IMS AS 240 may re-negotiate (418-422) with UE 450 to get audio / video SDP offer. IMS AS 240 may re-negotiate (423-424) with UE 450 with IMS DC.
[0144] The IMS AS 240 notifies (425) the successful session establishment event, Nimsas_SessionEventControl Notify (SessionEstablishmentSuccessEvent, Session ID, Media Info List) to DCSF. The DCSF 210 responds (426) to the Nimsas notification request. IMS AS 240 sends (427) SIP ACK with audio / video SDP answer to UE 450.
[0145] The combined data channel has been established (429) between UE 230 and DCAS 220 via MF 250 or MRF 255. UE 230 sends (430) the HTTP GET root “ / ” URL to MF 250 or MRF 255 to request the DC application. That is, the UE 230 sends, to the MF 250 or MRF 255, a request for downloading the DC application via the combined channel. The MF 250 or MRF 255 replaces the root URL with the replacement received URL and forwards the message to received media point of DCSF 210. That is, the MF 250 or MRF 255 may send a request for the DC application to the DCSF 210. In response to the message or request, the DCSF 210 may provide the DC application to UE 230. UE 230 and DCAS 220 may exchange (431) application data via the combined data channel connection.
[0146] By using such procedure, the UE 230 provides an indication in the SIP registration request about its capability for combined data channel. The UE 230 supports DC SDP with label="combined" . In addition, the UE 230 uses the combined data channel to download DC application with HTTP GET root “ / ” URL and exchange application data with DCAS. In this way, the IMS network can know that the UE supports the combined data channel, and the DC application traffic can be transmitted via the combined data channel.
[0147] To sum up, in the signaling flows 400 and 460, DCSF 210 subscribes for the DC call event notification for a user on the IMS AS 240. The DCSF sends DC call event notification to DCAS 220 once received from IMS AS 240. Enhancement of Nimsas_SessionEventControl_Notify service or new DCSF service is supported by the DCSF 210. New DCSF service operation used between DCSF 210 and DCAS 220 and A2P procedure can be achieved. For example, data channel application traffic can be transmitted via the combined data channel between the DCAS 220 and the UE.
[0148] During these procedures, IMS AS 240 notifies the DC call event related to the UEs to the DCSF 210. Enhancement of Nimsas_SessionEventControl_Notify service may also be supported by the IMS AS 240. SDP negotiation with new DC media from DCSF 210 for DCAS 220 initiated procedure is achieved. In addition, the IMS AS 240 may support DC SDP with label="combined" described above. The indication for a combined data channel is provided from IMS AS 240 to DCSF 210.
[0149] By using these example embodiments described with respect to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, the DCAS can initiate the DC application download to the UE. In addition, the bootstrap channel will not be always required to be established. It is to be understood that these operations or signaling described with respect to the signaling flows 300, 340, 380, 400 and / or 460 are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. Operations performed by a certain apparatus or entity can also be performed by a different apparatus or entity. The sequency of these operations may be varied. There may be more or less operations or signaling. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0150] FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an example method 500 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 305 in FIG. 3A.
[0151] At block 510, the first apparatus 305 sends, to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device.
[0152] At block 520, the first apparatus 305 receives, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the call event notification includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, or a session ID of the call session.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the indication is included in a call session control information for the call session, and the call session control notification further includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, or a media resource for the DC application.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the call event is related to at least one of: a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, an answer to a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, a busy status of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a disconnected status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, or a not reachable status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: receiving, from at least one of: an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) or the first terminal device, the call event notification; determining to send the call event notification to the second apparatus by validating user subscription data, the user subscription data including subscription information of the second apparatus for the call event notification; and selecting, based on the user subscription data, the second apparatus for the transmission of the call event notification.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: in response to receiving the indication, sending, to an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , a further indication of an establishment of a data channel with a media function (MF) or media resource function (MRF) , the data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel carrying traffic of the DC application.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the further indication comprises at least one of: a session identifier (ID) of the call session, a media resource for the DC application, a DC stream ID, or a uniform resource locator (URL) for the DC application.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: receiving, from the MF or the MRF, a request for the DC application from the first terminal device; and in response to the request, providing the DC application to the first terminal device via the combined data channel.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: sending, to the IMS AS, an indication that the combined data channel is used for a transmission associated with the DC application.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the indication comprises at least one of: a session establishment request event, an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, an event indicator, a media information list, or a DC stream ID.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the call event notification indicates a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .
[0164] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of an example method 600 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 310 in FIG. 3A.
[0165] At block 610, the second apparatus 310 receives, from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device.
[0166] At block 620, the second apparatus 310 sends, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the call event notification includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, or a session ID of the call session.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the indication is included in a call session control information for the call session, and the call session control notification further includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, or a media resource for the DC application.
[0169] In some example embodiments, the call event is related to at least one of: a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, an answer to a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, a busy status of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a disconnected status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, or a not reachable status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices.
[0170] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: subscribing, from the first apparatus, the call event notification associated with at least one of the first terminal device or the second terminal device.
[0171] In some example embodiments, the call event notification indicates a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel, and data generated by the DC application is exchanged between the second apparatus and the first terminal device via the combined data channel.
[0172] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .
[0173] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 350 in FIG. 3B.
[0174] At block 710, the terminal device 350 sends, to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel.
[0175] At block 720, the terminal device 350 obtains the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel.
[0176] At block 730, the terminal device 350 exchanges, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: sending, to an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) or the first apparatus, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel.
[0178] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: receiving, from an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel.
[0179] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: receiving, from an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , a request to establish a combined data channel, the request including an indication of the DC application; in response to receiving the request, providing a prompt to a user, the prompt indicating the user to accept the request of the data channel application from second apparatus; in response to receiving a user input of accepting the request, transmitting a response to the IMS AS to accept the request; and transmitting a request to establish the combined data channel for the indicated DC application.
[0180] In some example embodiments, at least one of the request to establish the combined data channel, or the response includes a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) stream identifier (ID) , the SCTP stream ID comprising at least one of: a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel, a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel, a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, or the dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.
[0181] In some example embodiments, the request to establish the combined data channel is included in a session description protocol (SDP) offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by the second apparatus.
[0182] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: in response to receiving the SDP offer, transmitting, to the MF or the MRF, a uniform resource locator (URL) of the application data channel to request download of the DC application; and obtaining the DC application provided by the first apparatus, the providing of the data channel application being based on the URL received by the first apparatus via the MF or the MRF.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .
[0184] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at an IMS AS in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the IMS AS 240 in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B.
[0185] At block 810, the IMS AS 240 receives, from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel.
[0186] At block 820, the IMS AS 240 sends, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel.
[0187] At block 830, the IMS AS 240 sends, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.
[0188] In some example embodiments, the IMS AS 240 may transmit, to the terminal device, a request to establish a combined data channel, the request including an indication of the DC application; and receive, from the terminal device, a response to accept the request.
[0189] In some example embodiments, at least one of the request or the response includes a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) stream identifier (ID) , the SCTP stream ID comprising at least one of: a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel, a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel, a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, or the dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the request is included in a session description protocol (SDP) offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by a second apparatus.
[0191] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 500 (for example, the first apparatus 305 in FIG. 3A) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 305 in FIG. 3A.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for sending, to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and means for receiving, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the call event notification includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, or a session ID of the call session.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the indication is included in a call session control information for the call session, and the call session control notification further includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, or a media resource for the DC application.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the call event is related to at least one of: a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, an answer to a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, a busy status of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a disconnected status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, or a not reachable status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices.
[0196] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from at least one of: an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) or the first terminal device, the call event notification; means for determining to send the call event notification to the second apparatus by validating user subscription data, the user subscription data including subscription information of the second apparatus for the call event notification; and means for selecting, based on the user subscription data, the second apparatus for the transmission of the call event notification.
[0197] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for in response to receiving the indication, sending, to an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , a further indication of an establishment of a data channel with a media function (MF) or media resource function (MRF) , the data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel carrying traffic of the DC application.
[0198] In some example embodiments, the further indication comprises at least one of: a session identifier (ID) of the call session, a media resource for the DC application, a DC stream ID, or a uniform resource locator (URL) for the DC application.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the MF or the MRF, a request for the DC application from the first terminal device; and means for in response to the request, providing the DC application to the first terminal device via the combined data channel.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for sending, to the IMS AS, an indication that the combined data channel is used for a transmission associated with the DC application.
[0201] In some example embodiments, the indication comprises at least one of: a session establishment request event, an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, an event indicator, a media information list, or a DC stream ID.
[0202] In some example embodiments, the call event notification indicates a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .
[0204] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500 or the first apparatus 305 in FIG. 3A. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the first apparatus.
[0205] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 600 (for example, the second apparatus 310 in FIG. 3A) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 310 in FIG. 3A.
[0206] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; and means for sending, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.
[0207] In some example embodiments, the call event notification includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, or a session ID of the call session.
[0208] In some example embodiments, the indication is included in a call session control information for the call session, and the call session control notification further includes at least one of: an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a session case of the call event, the call event, a session ID of the call session, or a media resource for the DC application.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the call event is related to at least one of: a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, an answer to a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices, a busy status of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, a disconnected status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, or a not reachable status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices.
[0210] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for subscribing, from the first apparatus, the call event notification associated with at least one of the first terminal device or the second terminal device.
[0211] In some example embodiments, the call event notification indicates a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel, and data generated by the DC application is exchanged between the second apparatus and the first terminal device via the combined data channel.
[0212] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .
[0213] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600 or the second apparatus 310 in FIG. 3A. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the second apparatus.
[0214] In some example embodiments, a third apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 (for example, the terminal device 350 in FIG. 3B) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The third apparatus may be implemented as or included in the terminal device 350 in FIG. 3B.
[0215] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus comprises means for sending, to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel; means for obtaining the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel; and means for exchanging, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.
[0216] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus further comprises: means for sending, to an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) or the first apparatus, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel.
[0217] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel.
[0218] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , a request to establish a combined data channel, the request including an indication of the DC application; means for in response to receiving the request, providing a prompt to a user, the prompt indicating the user to accept the request of the data channel application from second apparatus; means for in response to receiving a user input of accepting the request, transmitting a response to the IMS AS to accept the request; and means for transmitting a further request to establish a combined data channel for the indicated DC application.
[0219] In some example embodiments, at least one of the request, the further request or the response includes a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) stream identifier (ID) , the SCTP stream ID comprising at least one of: a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel, a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel, a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, or the dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.
[0220] In some example embodiments, the request is included in a session description protocol (SDP) offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by the second apparatus.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus further comprises: means for in response to receiving the SDP offer, transmitting, to the MF or the MRF, a uniform resource locator (URL) of the application data channel to request download of the DC application; and means for obtaining the DC application provided by the first apparatus, the providing of the data channel application being based on the URL received by the first apparatus via the MF or the MRF.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .
[0223] In some example embodiments, the third apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700 or the terminal device 350 in FIG. 3B. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the third apparatus.
[0224] In some example embodiments, a fourth apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 (for example, the IMS AS 240 in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The fourth apparatus may be implemented as or included in the IMS AS 240 in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B.
[0225] In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel; means for sending, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel; and means for sending, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.
[0226] In some example embodiments, the IMS AS is caused to: means for transmitting, to the terminal device, a request to establish a combined data channel, the request including an indication of the DC application; and means for receiving, from the terminal device, a response to accept the request.
[0227] In some example embodiments, at least one of the request or the response includes a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) stream identifier (ID) , the SCTP stream ID comprising at least one of: a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel, a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel, a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, or the dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the request is included in a session description protocol (SDP) offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by a second apparatus.
[0229] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .
[0230] In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 800 or the IMS AS 240 in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the fourth apparatus.
[0231] FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device 900 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 900 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first apparatus 305 or the second apparatus 310 as shown in FIG. 3A, the terminal device 350 in FIG. 3B or any other apparatus or device in FIG. 1 to FIG. 2B. As shown, the device 900 includes one or more processors 910, one or more memories 920 coupled to the processor 910, and one or more communication modules 940 coupled to the processor 910.
[0232] The communication module 940 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 940 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 940 may include at least one antenna.
[0233] The processor 910 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 900 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0234] The memory 920 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 924, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 922 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0235] A computer program 930 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 910. The instructions of the program 930 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 930 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 924. The processor 910 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 930 into the RAM 922.
[0236] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 930 so that the device 900 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 3A to FIG. 8. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0237] In some example embodiments, the program 930 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 900 (such as in the memory 920) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 900. The device 900 may load the program 930 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 922 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0238] FIG. 10 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1000 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 1000 has the program 930 stored thereon.
[0239] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0240] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0241] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0242] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0243] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0244] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0245] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus to:send, to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; andreceive, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the call event notification includes at least one of:an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,a session case of the call event,the call event, ora session ID of the call session.3.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the indication is included in a call session control information for the call session, and the call session control notification further includes at least one of:an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,a session case of the call event,the call event,a session ID of the call session, ora media resource for the DC application.4.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the call event is related to at least one of:a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices,an answer to a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices,a busy status of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,a disconnected status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, ora not reachable status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices.5.The first apparatus of claims 1-4, wherein the first apparatus is further caused to:receive, from at least one of: an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) or the first terminal device, the call event notification;determine to send the call event notification to the second apparatus by validating user subscription data, the user subscription data including subscription information of the second apparatus for the call event notification; andselect, based on the user subscription data, the second apparatus for the transmission of the call event notification.6.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:in response to receiving the indication, send, to an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , a further indication of an establishment of a data channel with a media function (MF) or media resource function (MRF) , the data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel carrying traffic of the DC application.7.The first apparatus of claim 6, wherein the further indication comprises at least one of:a session identifier (ID) of the call session,a media resource for the DC application,a DC stream ID, ora uniform resource locator (URL) for the DC application.8.The first apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, via the MF or the MRF, a request to download the DC application from the first terminal device; andin response to the request, provide the DC application to the first terminal device via the combined data channel.9.The first apparatus of claim 6-8, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:send, to the IMS AS, an indication that the combined data channel is used for a transmission associated with the DC application.10.The first apparatus of claim 9, wherein the indication comprises at least one of:a session establishment request event,an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,a session case of the call event,the call event,a session ID of the call session,an event indicator,a media information list, ora DC stream ID.11.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-10, wherein the call event notification indicates a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel.12.The first apparatus of any of claims 1-11, wherein the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .13.A second apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus to:receive, from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; andsend, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.14.The second apparatus of claim 13, wherein the call event notification includes at least one of:an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,a session case of the call event,the call event, ora session ID of the call session.15.The second apparatus of claim 13 or 14, wherein the indication is included in a call session control information for the call session, and the call session control notification further includes at least one of:an identifier (ID) of a calling terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,an ID of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,a session case of the call event,the call event,a session ID of the call session, ora media resource for the DC application.16.The second apparatus of any of claims 13-15, wherein the call event is related to at least one of:a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices,an answer to a call request from one of the first and second terminal devices to another of the first and second terminal devices,a busy status of a called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices,a disconnected status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices, ora not reachable status of the called terminal device among the first and second terminal devices.17.The second apparatus of claims 13-16, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:subscribe, from the first apparatus, the call event notification associated with at least one of the first terminal device or the second terminal device.18.The second apparatus of any of claims 13-17, wherein the call event notification indicates a capability of the first terminal device for supporting a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel, and data generated by the DC application is exchanged between the second apparatus and the first terminal device via the combined data channel.19.The second apparatus of any of claims 13-18, wherein the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .20.A terminal device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to:send, to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel;obtain the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel; andexchange, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.21.The terminal device of claim 20, wherein the terminal device is caused to:send, to an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) or the first apparatus, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel.22.The terminal device of claim 20 or 21, wherein the terminal device is caused to:receive, from an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel.23.The terminal device of any of claims 20-22, wherein the terminal device is caused to:receive, from an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) , a request to establish a combined data channel, the request including an indication of the DC application;in response to receiving the request, provide a prompt to a user, the prompt indicating the user to accept the request of the data channel application from second apparatus;in response to receiving a user input of accepting the request, transmit a response to the IMS AS to accept the request; andtransmit a request to establish the combined data channel for the indicated DC application.24.The terminal device of claim 23, wherein at least one of the request to establish the combined data channel, or the response includes a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) stream identifier (ID) , the SCTP stream ID comprising at least one of:a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel,a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel,a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, orthe dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.25.The terminal device of claim 23 or 24, wherein the request to establish the combined data channel is included in a session description protocol (SDP) offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by the second apparatus.26.The terminal device of claim 25, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in response to receiving the SDP offer, transmit, to the MF or the MRF, a uniform resource locator (URL) of the application data channel to request download of the DC application; andobtain the DC application provided by the first apparatus, the providing of the data channel application being based on the URL received by the first apparatus via the MF or the MRF.27.The terminal device of any of claims 20-26, wherein the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .28.A internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the IMS AS to:receive, from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel;send, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel; andsend, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.29.The IMS AS of claim 28, wherein the IMS AS is caused to:transmit, to the terminal device, a request to establish a combined data channel, the request including an indication of the DC application; andreceive, from the terminal device, a response to accept the request.30.The IMS AS of claim 29, wherein at least one of the request or the response includes a stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) stream identifier (ID) , the SCTP stream ID comprising at least one of:a stream ID of the DC application with an indication of the combined data channel,a stream ID of a remote network provider with an indication of the combined data channel,a dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel, orthe dedicated stream ID for the combined data channel with an indication of the combined data channel.31.The IMS AS of claim 29 or 30, wherein the request is included in a session description protocol (SDP) offer with a media resource for the DC application, and the SDP offer further indicates that the DC application is provided by a second apparatus.32.The IMS AS of claim 31, wherein the first apparatus comprises a data channel signaling function (DCSF) , and the second apparatus comprises a data channel application server (DCAS) .33.A method comprising:sending, at a first apparatus to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; andreceiving, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.34.A method comprising:receiving, at a second apparatus from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; andsending, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.35.A method comprising:sending, at a terminal device to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel;obtaining the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel; andexchanging, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.36.A method comprising:receiving, at an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) application server (AS) from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel;sending, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel; andsending, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.37.A first apparatus comprising:means for sending, to a second apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; andmeans for receiving, from the second apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.38.A second apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between a first terminal device and a second terminal device; andmeans for sending, to the first apparatus, an indication that a data channel (DC) application is required for a call session between the first and second terminal devices.39.A third apparatus comprising:means for sending, to a media function (MF) or a media resource function (MRF) , a request for downloading a data channel (DC) application via a data channel combining a bootstrap data channel and an application data channel;means for obtaining the DC application from a first apparatus via the combined data channel; andmeans for exchanging, with a second apparatus, data generated by the DC application via the combined data channel.40.A fourth apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a terminal device, a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration request, the SIP registration request including an indication of a capability of the terminal device for supporting the combined data channel;means for sending, to the terminal device, an indication that an IMS network supports the combined data channel; andmeans for sending, to a first apparatus, a call event notification of a call event associated with a call between the terminal device and a further terminal device.41.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 33, the method of claim 34, the method of claim 35 or the method of claim 36.
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