Rapid coal mine roadway excavation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to a rapid coal mine roadway excavation method. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out advanced detection drilling construction in a pre-excavation direction; carrying out fracturing by means of advanced detection drilling; and carrying out pre-driven roadway excavation in the direction of advanced detection drilling. The method implements pressure relief and crushing in a pre-driven roadway area, reduces the difficulty and workload of pre-driven roadway excavation, increases the speed of pre-driven roadway excavation, and implements rapid coal mine roadway excavation.

Description

A method for rapid excavation of coal mine tunnels Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel excavation is a basic operation in coal mines, especially the tunnels serving the mining of coal mine working faces. Not only is the excavation volume large, but the tunnel excavation is also required to be consistent with the direction of the coal seam.

[0003] Among the currently commonly used excavation methods, it is necessary to continuously drill advance detection holes in the middle of the tunnel. For example, each detection hole is drilled for 50-100m, and when there are 10-20m left, the next round of advance drilling is carried out to determine the direction of the coal seam ahead, and then carry out excavation operations along the direction of the detection hole.

[0004] The existing method has complicated procedures, resulting in difficulty in tunnel excavation and heavy workload, which seriously affects the tunnel excavation speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine, so as to solve the problems of difficulty, heavy workload and slow tunneling speed in current tunneling.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine, the method comprising the following steps: performing advance detection drilling in the direction of pre-tunneling; implementing fracturing using the advance detection drilling; and implementing pre-tunneling tunneling along the direction of the advance detection drilling.

[0007] Optionally, the advance detection borehole is a directional long borehole, and the length of the advance detection borehole ranges from 500m to 3000m.

[0008] Optionally, the advance detection drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction includes: underground construction, wherein the underground construction is to perform the advance detection drilling construction from the middle of the pre-excavated tunnel section to the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel.

[0009] Optionally, the advance detection drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction includes: a first ground construction, wherein the first ground construction is to drill a preset depth from the ground to the underground with the same drill channel and then perform the advance detection drilling construction toward the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel.

[0010] Optionally, the advance detection drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction includes: a second ground construction, wherein the second ground construction is to perform the advance detection drilling construction from the ground to the underground along different drilling paths to the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel.

[0011] Optionally, the fracturing using the advance detection borehole includes the following steps: using the advance detection borehole located at the top corner to perform directional segmented fracturing along the boundary of the pre-excavated tunnel.

[0012] Optionally, after the step of performing directional segmented fracturing along the boundary of the pre-excavated tunnel, the method further includes the following steps: performing supplementary fracturing drilling in the middle of the pre-excavated tunnel, the number of the supplementary fracturing drilling holes being determined according to the hardness of the coal rock mass; and performing non-directional segmented fracturing using the supplementary fracturing drilling holes.

[0013] Optionally, after the step of performing non-directional staged fracturing using the supplementary fracturing borehole, the method further comprises the following step: performing water injection operation on the advance detection borehole after staged fracturing and / or the supplementary fracturing borehole after staged fracturing.

[0014] Optionally, the top corners of the pre-excavated tunnel include: a pair of opposite top corners of the pre-excavated tunnel, and / or four top corners of the pre-excavated tunnel.

[0015] Optionally, the advance detection drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction also includes: combining the underground construction and ground construction to perform the advance detection drilling construction, and the ground construction includes the first ground construction and / or the second ground construction.

[0016] The method for rapid coal mine tunnel excavation provided by an embodiment of the present invention realizes advance detection of the pre-excavation tunnel by conducting advance detection drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction, using the advance detection drilling to determine the direction of the coal seam ahead; using the advance detection drilling to implement fracturing, the pre-excavation tunnel area is decompressed and crushed, reducing the difficulty and workload of tunnel excavation, and increasing the tunnel excavation speed; and implementing pre-excavation tunnel excavation along the direction of the advance detection drilling to ensure that the tunnel excavation direction is correct. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] FIG1a is a front view of a conventional tunnel middle advance detection borehole;

[0019] FIG1b is a side view of a conventional advance detection borehole in the middle of a tunnel;

[0020] FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of a specific implementation of a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] FIG4a is a front view of a pair of directional long boreholes for advanced detection of opposite corners in a pre-dug tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG4 b is a side view of a pair of directional long boreholes for advanced detection of opposite corners in a pre-dug tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] FIG5a is a front view of a downhole advanced detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] FIG5 b is a side view of a downhole advanced detection directional long borehole according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG6 a is a front view of a first ground advance detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] FIG6 b is a side view of a first ground advance detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] FIG7 a is a front view of a second ground advance detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIG7 b is a side view of a second ground advance detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] FIG8a is a front view of a directional long-hole fracturing method for advanced detection of a pre-dug tunnel top angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] FIG8 b is a side view of directional long-hole fracturing for advanced detection of top angles of pre-dug tunnels provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIG9 is a front view of directional long boreholes for advanced detection at four corners of a pre-dug tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG10a is a front view of supplementary directional long drilling and fracturing in the middle of a pre-dug tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] FIG10 b is a side view of supplementary directional long drilling and fracturing in the middle of a pre-dug tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] FIG11a is a front view of a tunnel excavation completed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] FIG11b is a side view of the tunnel excavation completed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Description of the accompanying drawings: 110-pre-excavation tunnel, 120-pre-excavation tunnel boundary, 130-advance detection drilling hole, 140-advance detection directional long drilling hole, 150-supplementary directional long drilling hole, 160-tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] 1a and 1b , respectively, show the front and side views of the advance detection borehole in the middle of a tunnel in the prior art, including a pre-excavated tunnel 110, a pre-excavated tunnel boundary 120, and an advance detection borehole 130. Specifically, the currently commonly used excavation method is: excavating along the middle of the tunnel head, continuously drilling advance detection boreholes, thereby determining the direction of the coal seam ahead, and then carrying out excavation operations along the direction of the detection boreholes. After the excavation operations are completed, the above steps are repeated until the tunnel is completely excavated. For example, each detection hole is drilled for 50-100 m, and when 10-20 m are left, the next round of advance drilling is carried out.

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific implementation examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine. Referring to FIG2 , a schematic flow chart of a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine is shown. The method includes the following steps:

[0043] S210: Conduct advance detection drilling in the direction of pre-excavation.

[0044] Optionally, the advance detection borehole is a long directional borehole, with a length ranging from 500m to 3000m. Extending the length of the advance detection borehole increases the advance detection range, and based on the detection results, advance adjustment and planning of the excavation direction can be made, thereby better ensuring the safety of the excavation operation. Furthermore, extending the length of the advance detection borehole reduces the number of advance detection holes, reduces the workload, and reduces the interaction between pre-excavation tunneling and advance detection operations, thus simplifying the operation process.

[0045] It should be noted that the advanced detection drill hole is set as a directional long drill hole, that is, a directional long drill hole for advanced detection is drilled. The above-mentioned advanced detection directional long drill hole adopts directional long drilling technology, that is, the drill bit section has a guide device, which can continuously adjust and correct the drilling trajectory, while the drilling technology in the commonly used excavation method is non-directional drilling technology, that is, the drill bit and drill rod cannot be guided, so it can generally only drill tens of meters. When the drilling length is longer, the trajectory drift is more serious, and the coal seam direction cannot be accurately detected.

[0046] S220, fracturing is carried out using advanced detection drilling.

[0047] S230: Carry out pre-excavation tunneling along the direction of the advance detection drill hole.

[0048] The method for rapid coal mine tunnel excavation provided by an embodiment of the present invention, before tunnel excavation, realizes advanced detection of the pre-excavation tunnel by conducting advance detection drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction, and uses the advance detection drilling to judge the direction of the coal seam ahead; and uses the above-mentioned advance detection drilling to implement fracturing, so that the pre-excavation tunnel area can be decompressed and crushed, reducing the difficulty and workload of tunnel excavation, and increasing the tunnel excavation speed; then, the pre-excavation tunnel is excavated along the direction of the advance detection drilling to ensure that the tunnel excavation direction is correct and complete rapid tunnel excavation.

[0049] Optionally, the method of performing the advance detection drilling construction in step S210 includes:

[0050] Specifically, underground construction involves conducting advance exploratory drilling from the middle of the pre-excavated roadway section toward the top corner of the pre-excavated roadway. If the conditions and space are available, advance exploratory drilling can be conducted underground, enabling advance exploration of the pre-excavated roadway while also providing the foundation and conditions for subsequent directional fracturing to form the roadway.

[0051] Optionally, in step S210, the advanced detection drilling construction method is performed, including:

[0052] The first surface construction involves drilling a pre-drilled hole from the ground downhole to a preset depth using the same drill path, then drilling toward the top corner of the pre-drilled tunnel. If the conditions and space for this operation are not available underground, pre-drilling can be performed on the ground. This saves resources and allows for pre-drilling of the pre-drilled tunnel while providing the foundation and conditions for subsequent directional fracturing tunnel formation.

[0053] Optionally, the method of performing the advance detection drilling construction in step S210 includes:

[0054] The second surface construction involves, specifically, conducting advance exploratory drilling from the ground downhole along different drill paths toward the top corners of the pre-excavated roadway. If the conditions and space for this operation are not available underground, advance exploratory drilling can be conducted on the ground. This reduces the impact of the advance exploratory drilling operations at different top corners of the pre-excavated roadway, saving time. Furthermore, it allows for the simultaneous advance exploratory drilling of the pre-excavated roadway while providing the foundation and conditions for subsequent directional fracturing to form the roadway.

[0055] Optionally, the method of performing the advance detection drilling construction in step S210 further includes:

[0056] The above-mentioned underground construction and surface construction are combined to perform advance exploratory drilling, where the surface construction includes the first surface construction or the second surface construction. In this way, utilizing the advance exploratory drilling technology, if the conditions and space are available underground, advance exploratory drilling can be carried out underground; if the conditions are not available underground, advance exploratory drilling can be drilled on the surface. This method offers the advantages of flexible selection and low space and equipment requirements.

[0057] Optionally, the top corners of the pre-dug tunnel include: a pair of opposite top corners of the pre-dug tunnel, or four top corners of the pre-dug tunnel.

[0058] Optionally, in step S220, the following steps are included:

[0059] Using advance detection boreholes located at the top corners of the pre-excavated roadway, directional, staged fracturing is performed along the pre-excavated roadway boundary. Specifically, each advance detection borehole performs directional, staged fracturing in two directions at a 90° angle. This allows for the use of advance detection boreholes, after their detection function, to further implement directional fracturing operations, altering the rock mass strength and integrity in the pre-excavated roadway area. This improves roadway excavation and formation, reducing the workload and difficulty of roadway excavation.

[0060] Optionally, after the step of performing directional staged fracturing along the boundary of the pre-dug tunnel, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0061] Supplemental fracturing drilling is performed in the middle of the pre-excavated roadway. The number of supplemental fracturing holes is determined by the hardness of the coal and rock mass. Non-directional, staged fracturing is performed using these supplemental fracturing holes. For hard coal and rock mass in the pre-excavated roadway area, supplemental fracturing can be performed in the middle of the pre-excavated roadway after directional fracturing in the top-angle advance detection holes. Pre-fracture at the top angle effectively protects the roadway surrounding rock from damage caused by fracturing in the middle, effectively fragmenting and softening the pre-excavated roadway area while maintaining stability and integrity in the surrounding rock mass.

[0062] It should be noted that the supplementary fracturing drilling can be non-directional drilling or directional long drilling.

[0063] Optionally, after the step of performing non-directional staged fracturing using supplementary fracturing drilling, the method further includes the following steps:

[0064] Water injection is performed in advance exploration boreholes after staged fracturing, or in supplementary fracturing boreholes after staged fracturing. This fracturing water injection also reduces the amount of dust generated by coal and rock during tunneling, playing a role in dust reduction during tunneling and effectively protecting worker health.

[0065] Referring to FIG3 , a schematic flow chart of a method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine is shown. The method includes the following steps:

[0066] S302: Drill long directional holes in the direction of pre-excavation along the two top corners of the tunnel section for advance detection.

[0067] In this step, referring to the front and side views of a pair of diagonally aligned directional long boreholes for advance detection of the pre-excavated roadway shown in FIG4a and FIG4b , respectively, including advance detection directional long borehole 140, directional long boreholes are first drilled at two diagonally aligned vertices of the pre-excavated roadway section. The length of a single borehole is typically 500-3000m, designed based on the projected excavation length. The two directional long boreholes serve as advance detection boreholes for roadway excavation. During excavation, the direction of the two directional long boreholes should be continuously fine-tuned to maintain alignment with the direction of the coal seam or the projected direction, ensuring that the roadway is driven into the coal seam or excavated in the projected direction. Specifically, the direction and structure of the coal seam are detected through drill cuttings, drilling difficulty, borehole observation, and in-hole geophysical exploration, allowing the optimal excavation route to be selected.

[0068] For example, there are three construction methods for advanced detection directional long drilling:

[0069] (a) Underground construction

[0070] 5a and 5b , respectively, show the front and side views of the underground advance detection directional long borehole. When the underground tunnel has been opened or the conditions for drilling a chamber are met, two advance detection directional long boreholes can be directly constructed underground toward a pair of opposite corners of the pre-excavated tunnel.

[0071] (b) First ground construction

[0072] Referring to the front view and side view of the first ground advance detection directional long drilling hole shown in Figures 6a and 6b respectively, the first ground construction is to perform two advance detection long drilling holes at a pair of opposite corners of the pre-excavated tunnel after drilling to a preset depth with the same drilling channel from the ground.

[0073] (c) Second ground construction

[0074] 7a and 7b , which respectively show the front and side views of the second ground advance detection directional long borehole, the second ground construction is to perform two advance detection long boreholes from the ground to the underground along different drilling paths toward a pair of opposite corners of the pre-excavated tunnel.

[0075] If there is no space or time for construction underground, a drilling site can be arranged on the ground, and advanced detection directional long drilling construction can be carried out from the ground to the pre-excavated tunnel location underground by means of a joint well-ground through-hole method.

[0076] S304: Directional fracturing is carried out along the boundary of the tunnel section using advanced detection directional long drilling.

[0077] In this step, referring to the front and side views of the advance detection directional long drilling fracturing at the top corners of the pre-excavated roadway shown in Figures 8a and 8b, respectively, after completing the advance detection directional long drilling construction at the two top corners of the roadway section and along the excavation direction, a segmented directional fracturing method is adopted to carry out directional fracturing along the edges of the pre-excavated roadway section. Each advance detection directional long drilling hole is directional segmented fracturing in two directions at a 90° angle. Referring to the front view of the advance detection directional long drilling holes at the four top corners of the pre-excavated roadway shown in Figure 9, if the coal rock mass is relatively hard and the expansion of the fracture cracks is relatively difficult, advance detection directional long drilling holes and two-way directional segmented fracturing can also be constructed at all four top corners of the roadway. Implementing segmented directional fracturing with advance detection directional long drilling holes can not only promote the formation of the roadway in advance, but also change the stress distribution of the coal rock mass surrounding the pre-excavated roadway, which is more conducive to roadway excavation.

[0078] S306: Based on the coal lithology, additional staged fracturing long drilling (multiple holes are possible) is carried out in the middle of the tunnel section.

[0079] In this step, referring to the front and side views of the supplementary directional long borehole fracturing in the middle of the pre-excavated roadway shown in FIG10a and FIG10b, respectively, the supplementary directional long borehole 150 is included, wherein the supplementary directional long borehole is the supplementary fracturing borehole mentioned above. After completing the segmented directional fracturing of the advanced detection directional long borehole, roadway excavation can be started along the direction of the advanced detection directional long borehole. However, in the case of high hardness of the coal rock mass, by drilling one or more additional directional long boreholes in the middle of the pre-excavated roadway and then performing non-directional segmented fracturing on the additional directional long boreholes, the integrity of the coal rock mass in the pre-excavated roadway is further damaged. In addition, since directional fracturing has already been performed along the periphery of the pre-excavated roadway in the previous step, the non-directional fracturing of the long borehole in the middle of the roadway section will not destroy the stability of the surrounding rock of the pre-excavated roadway, and the scope of fracturing damage can be well controlled within the pre-excavated roadway area.

[0080] S308: Implement tunnel excavation along the direction of the long directional drilling hole detected in advance.

[0081] In this step, tunnel excavation is carried out along the direction of the advance-detected directional long drill hole to complete the tunnel excavation. Since the pre-excavated tunnel area has been pre-detected and fracturing and crushing has been carried out, the tunnel excavation speed is faster and safer. See the front view and side view of the completed tunnel excavation shown in Figures 11a and 11b, including tunnel 160. After the above-mentioned pre-excavated tunnel excavation is completed, the tunnel is obtained.

[0082] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that in this article, the term "comprise" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements that are inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementations of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above-described embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Such modifications, changes, or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for rapid tunneling in a coal mine, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Conduct advance detection drilling in the direction of pre-excavation; Implementing fracturing using the advanced detection borehole; Pre-dig tunneling is carried out along the direction of the advance detection borehole.

2. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advance detection borehole is a directional long borehole, and the length of the advance detection borehole ranges from 500m to 3000m.

3. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced exploration drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction includes: Underground construction, the underground construction is to carry out the advance detection drilling construction from the middle of the pre-dig tunnel section to the top corner of the pre-dig tunnel.

4. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced exploration drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction includes: The first ground construction is to drill from the ground to the preset depth underground with the same drill path and then perform the advance detection drilling construction toward the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel.

5. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced exploration drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction includes: The second ground construction is to carry out the advance detection drilling construction from the ground to the underground along different drilling paths toward the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel.

6. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The method of implementing fracturing by using the advanced detection drilling hole comprises the following steps: Directional segmented fracturing is performed along the boundary of the pre-drilled tunnel using the advance detection borehole located at the top corner.

7. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the step of performing directional staged fracturing along the boundary of the pre-dug tunnel, the method further comprises the following steps: Conducting supplementary fracturing drilling in the middle of the pre-excavated roadway, wherein the number of supplementary fracturing drilling holes is determined according to the hardness of the coal and rock mass; The supplementary fracturing borehole is used to perform non-directional staged fracturing.

8. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the step of performing non-directional staged fracturing using the supplementary fracturing drilling, the following steps are also included: Water injection operation is performed on the advance detection borehole after staged fracturing and / or the supplementary fracturing borehole after staged fracturing.

9. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The top corners of the pre-excavated tunnel include: a pair of opposite top corners of the pre-excavated tunnel, and / or four top corners of the pre-excavated tunnel.

10. The method for rapid tunneling of a coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced exploration drilling construction in the pre-excavation direction includes: The advance detection drilling construction is performed by combining underground construction and surface construction, wherein the surface construction includes first surface construction and / or second surface construction; The underground construction is to carry out the advance detection drilling construction from the middle of the pre-excavated tunnel section to the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel underground; the first ground construction is to carry out the advance detection drilling construction to the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel after drilling a preset depth from the ground to the underground with the same drill path; the second ground construction is to carry out the advance detection drilling construction from the ground to the underground along different drill paths to the top corner of the pre-excavated tunnel.

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