System, comprising a workpiece and a tool, and method for operating a system

Abstract

The invention relates to a system, comprising a workpiece (2) and a tool (1), and to a method for operating a system, wherein the workpiece (2) has a toothing system, in particular an internal toothing system, wherein the tool (1) has a helical toothing system (4) and a face toothing system (5) for producing the toothing system.

Description

[0001] System comprising a workpiece and a tool, and method for operating a system

[0002] Description:

[0003] The invention relates to a system comprising a workpiece and a tool, and a method for operating a system.

[0004] It is generally known to form a system consisting of a workpiece and a tool, with the goal of machining the workpiece using the tool. For this purpose, the system can be designed as a machine tool.

[0005] From DE 10 2014008 475 A1, a method for machining a workpiece is known as the closest prior art.

[0006] From DE 10 2022 117 192 A1 a tool for the machining deburring of a workpiece toothing comprising a plurality of workpiece teeth is known.

[0007] A shaping tool for gear shaping is known from DE 20 2009 009 518 U1.

[0008] The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a system for machining a workpiece by a tool as efficiently as possible.

[0009] According to the invention, the object is achieved by the system according to the features specified in claim 1 and by the method according to the features specified in claim 11.

[0010] Important features of the invention in the system are that the system comprises a workpiece and a tool, wherein the workpiece has a gearing, in particular an internal gearing, wherein the tool for producing the gearing has helical gearing and a face gearing. The advantage here is that efficient production can be carried out by combining the gearings on the tool. This eliminates the need for a tool change because two different machining steps, in particular gear skiving and deburring, can be carried out with the same tool. The system can be designed as a machine tool with a clamped workpiece, wherein the tool can be rotated by a first machine axis and the workpiece can be rotated by a second machine axis. A third machine axis can then be designed such that the first machine axis together with the tool can be moved radially, in particular relative to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.The tool speeds can be synchronized with the workpiece speed. A swivel axis and an axial machine axis are also required.

[0011] In an advantageous embodiment, the material of the tool is harder than the material of the workpiece. This is advantageous because the workpiece can be machined by the tool.

[0012] In an advantageous embodiment, the face gearing is spaced apart from the helical gearing in the direction of the tool's rotational axis. This has the advantage of allowing the workpiece to be machined without disruption.

[0013] In an advantageous embodiment, the maximum radial distance of the face gear from the tool's rotational axis is smaller than the minimum distance between the tool's rotational axis and the helical gear. This provides a clearance for collecting chips.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment, the distance, measured in the axial direction (in particular the maximum distance), between the face gear and the end face of the tool axially facing away from the face gear increases strictly monotonically with increasing radial distance from the tool's rotational axis. The tooth height of the face gear thus decreases radially inward. This allows for optimization of the clearance angle.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment, the tool has a stepped bore extending axially relative to the tool's rotational axis, wherein the minimum radial distance between the face gearing and the tool's rotational axis is greater than half the minimum internal diameter of the stepped bore. Advantageously, the stepped bore has a constriction, thus allowing the shaft to be axially adjusted against a step of the stepped bore, and creating a clearance between the face gearing and the helical gearing.

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment, the tool is arranged on a machine axis of a machine, wherein the workpiece is arranged on a second machine axis of the machine, wherein during power skiving the axis of rotation of the tool is aligned skew to the axis of rotation of the workpiece and wherein during deburring the axis of rotation of the tool is parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece and / or spans a plane and / or is arranged in a plane, in particular wherein the axis of rotation of the tool has an angle between 0° and 90° to the axis of rotation of the workpiece. The advantage here is that the system can be implemented on one machine and thus the system can be equipped with a stable axis guide so that high-precision machining can be achieved.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment, the tool is formed as a single piece, particularly a single-piece. This is advantageous in that the helical gears can be precisely aligned with the face gears during tool manufacture, and this relative alignment remains permanently unchanged. This is advantageous in that the relative geometric alignment of the helical gears to the face gears is determined during manufacture and does not need to be changed subsequently. Furthermore, the tool can be designed more compactly.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, the tool is designed in at least two parts, particularly two pieces, with a first part of the tool having the helical gearing and a second part of the tool having the face gearing. This is advantageous because, if wear rates vary, the respective part can be replaced promptly.

[0019] Important features in the method for operating a system are that in a first method step, in particular during skiving, the axis of rotation of the tool is skewed or becomes the axis of rotation of the workpiece, wherein the tool is rotated, in particular about its axis of rotation, and the workpiece is rotated, in particular about its axis of rotation, wherein the tool is moved parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece and the helical gearing of the tool generates the gearing of the workpiece,

[0020] - wherein in a second method step arranged after the first method step, the tool is moved radially with respect to the rotational axis of the workpiece, in particular until the area covered by the face gearing of the tool in the radial direction with respect to the rotational axis of the workpiece overlaps with the area covered by the gearing, in particular internal gearing, of the workpiece in the radial direction,

[0021] - wherein in a third process step arranged after the second process step, in particular during deburring, the tool and the workpiece are rotated about their respective axes of rotation, so that the face toothing of the tool deburrs one end face of the toothing of the workpiece.

[0022] The advantage here is that two different machining operations, namely power skiving and deburring, can be carried out without changing tools, especially with the same tool. This increases the efficiency of the system and eliminates the need to re-clamp the workpiece, which allows for increased precision in production. It is important that the helical gearing of the tool causes the rotational axes of the tool and the workpiece to be skewed to one another, so that power skiving creates the face gearing of the workpiece. Then, in a second step, the tool must be moved axially far enough that the face gearing is positioned axially in the area of ​​the workpiece to be deburred, with the tool being moved radially outwards far enough until the face gearing and the gearing of the workpiece overlap one another in the radial direction.The workpiece and tool may each be set in rotary motion during the second process step, so that a smooth transition to the third process step can be carried out, in which the tool and workpiece are both set in rotary motion in order to carry out the deburring.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, in the third method step, the tool and the workpiece are rotated about their respective axes of rotation such that the peripheral speed of the workpiece in the contact area and / or cutting area between workpiece and tool is, in particular substantially, equal to the peripheral speed of the tool. The advantage here is that the relative cutting speed between workpiece and tool can be selected to be very low, i.e., it has an almost negligible value in the circumferential direction and a permissible speed in the radial direction, since the face gearing cuts off the burrs along the tooth profile from radially inside to radially outside. An impermissibly high cutting speed could result in failure of the tool material.

[0024] In an advantageous embodiment, during deburring, the rotational axis of the tool and the rotational axis of the workpiece are aligned such that the rotational axis of the tool and the rotational axis of the workpiece are aligned parallel to each other and / or create a plane. It is advantageous that the rotational axes are aligned in a common plane.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the rotational axis of the tool and the rotational axis of the workpiece are skewed to each other during power skiving. It is advantageous that the tool has helical gearing to produce spur gearing.

[0026] Further advantages emerge from the dependent claims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features in the claims. Further possible combinations of claims and / or individual claim features and / or features of the description and / or the figures will become apparent to those skilled in the art, particularly from the problem and / or the problem posed by comparison with the prior art.

[0027] The invention will now be explained in more detail using schematic illustrations:

[0028] In Figure 1, a system according to the invention, comprising a workpiece 2 and a tool 1, is schematically shown in an oblique view.

[0029] In Figure 2, tool 1 is shown in an oblique view.

[0030] Figure 3 shows the tool 1 in a sectional view.

[0031] Figure 4 shows the tool 1 in side view.

[0032] In Figure 5, the system is shown in section and in side view during power skiving, with only the workpiece 2 and the tool 1 being shown and aligned skew to each other.

[0033] In Figure 6, the system is shown in section and in an oblique view during power skiving.

[0034] In Figure 7, the system is shown in section and in side view during deburring, with only the workpiece 2 and the tool 1 being shown and aligned parallel to each other.

[0035] In Figure 8, the system is cut and shown in an oblique view during deburring.

[0036] As shown in the figures, the tool 1 has helical gearing 4 which is geometrically similar to a spur gear having involute helical gearing or which is geometrically similar to a spur gear having modified involute helical gearing.

[0037] The tool 1 is made of a harder material than the workpiece 2, which, after machining by the tool 1, is designed, for example, as a ring gear.

[0038] To machine the workpiece 2, the tool 1 is moved in the direction of the rotational axis of the workpiece 2 and cuts into the material of the workpiece 2. Simultaneously during this linear movement, the workpiece 2 and the tool 1 are rotated about their respective rotational axes at such speeds that the helical gearing rolls, in particular fictitiously, on the hollow gearing of the workpiece to be created.

[0039] During skiving, the rotational axis of the tool 1 is skewed to the rotational axis of the workpiece 2. During deburring, the rotational axis of the tool 1 and the rotational axis of the workpiece 2 form a fictitious plane with each other, i.e. they are not skewed to each other but parallel.

[0040] However, after completion of this skiving process step, burrs are generated on the side of the helical gear 4 at which the tool 1 exits the workpiece 2, which burrs must be removed in a subsequent processing step.

[0041] In Figure 1, this burr formation area 3 is arranged at the end of the workpiece 2 axially facing away from the tool 1.

[0042] For deburring, the tool 1 according to the invention additionally has a face toothing 5, the maximum outer diameter of which is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the helical toothing 4 and also smaller than the minimum outer diameter of the helical toothing 4.

[0043] In addition, the face gear 5 is axially spaced from the area covered by the helical gear 4 in the axial direction, i.e. in the direction of the axis of rotation of the tool 1.

[0044] The teeth of the face gear 5 extend purely radially, specifically in the radial direction, and are evenly spaced from each other in the circumferential direction. It is also important that the helical gear for hobbing and the face gear for deburring have the same normal modulus so that they can be synchronized with the same workpiece gear and that tooth and gap always line up.

[0045] This means that the face gear has a lower number of teeth than the helical gear so that its outer diameter is smaller than the root circle of the helical gear.

[0046] To deburr the burr formation area 3, the tool 1 is displaced radially relative to the rotational axis of the workpiece 2 after power skiving, in particular with the rotational axis of the workpiece 2 and the rotational axis of the tool 1 aligned parallel. Then, coming from the radial direction, the face gear 5 is brought into the burr formation area 3, with the tool 1 and the workpiece 2 being set in rotation. Thus, the tool 1 then cuts off the burrs. The rotational speed of the tool 1 and the rotational speed of the workpiece 2 are such that the peripheral speeds in the burr formation area 3 are identical to one another or at least substantially the same.

[0047] As can be seen in Figure 3, the tool 1 has a continuous stepped bore, with the stepped bore extending on both sides, meaning the stepped bore has a constriction. The advantage of this is that a driving shaft can be inserted on one side, so that a shaft shoulder is positioned against a step in the stepped bore. This creates a free space in the radial area between the shaft and the face gear 5, in which chips can be collected.

[0048] The tooth height of the face gear 5 on the tool 1 is designed to be conically concave such that the distance, measured in the axial direction, in particular the maximum distance, between the face gear 5 and the end face of the tool 1 axially remote from the face gear 5 increases strictly monotonically with increasing radial distance from the rotational axis of the tool 1. Thus, the clearance angle is improved to such an extent that chip removal during deburring is improved.

[0049] Preferably, the tool 1 is formed in one piece, in particular in one piece.

[0050] In further embodiments of the invention, the tool is assembled from at least two parts, the first of which has the helical gearing 4 and the second of which has the face gearing 5. Thus, if wear rates differ, the corresponding part can be replaced first.

[0051] List of reference symbols

[0052] 1 tool 2 workpiece

[0053] 3 Burr formation area

[0054] 4 helical gearing

[0055] 5 Face gearing, especially gear rim

Claims

Patent claims:

1. System comprising a workpiece and a tool, characterized in that the workpiece has a toothing, in particular an internal toothing, wherein the tool for producing the toothing has a helical toothing and a face toothing.

2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the tool is harder than the material of the workpiece.

3. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the face gearing is spaced from the helical gearing in the direction of the axis of rotation of the tool.

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum radial distance of the face gear from the axis of rotation of the tool is smaller than the minimum distance between the axis of rotation of the tool and the helical gear.

5. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tooth height of the face toothing on the tool (1) is designed to be conically concave in such a way that the distance, measured in the axial direction, in particular the maximum distance, between the face toothing (5) and the end face of the tool (1) axially facing away from the face toothing (5) increases strictly monotonically with increasing radial distance from the axis of rotation of the tool.

6. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tooth height of the face gear on the tool (1) is designed to be conically concave in such a way that the distance, measured in the axial direction, in particular the maximum distance, between the tip diameter of the face gear (5) and the upper edge of the beveled end faces of the helical gear (4) increases in the radial region of the face gear (5).

7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance, measured in the axial direction, in particular the maximum distance, between the face toothing (5) and the end face of the tool (1) axially remote from the face toothing (5) increases strictly monotonically with increasing radial distance from the axis of rotation of the tool (1) and / or that the tooth height of the face toothing (5) increases strictly monotonically with increasing radial distance from the axis of rotation of the tool (1).

8. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool has a stepped bore which is continuous in the axial direction with respect to the axis of rotation of the tool, wherein the minimum radial distance of the face toothing to the axis of rotation of the tool is greater than half the minimum clear diameter of the stepped bore.

9. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool is arranged on a machine axis of a machine, wherein the workpiece is arranged on a second machine axis of the machine, wherein the machine axes of the system are arranged such that during deburring the axis of rotation of the tool is aligned parallel to one another with respect to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, and / or during skiving the axis of rotation of the tool is aligned skewed with respect to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.

10. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool is designed in one piece, in particular in one piece, or that the tool is designed in at least two parts, in particular in two pieces, wherein a first part of the tool has the helical toothing and a second part of the tool has the face toothing.

11. A method for operating a system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a first method step, in particular during skiving, the axis of rotation of the tool is aligned skewed to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, wherein the tool is rotated, in particular about its axis of rotation, and the workpiece is rotated, in particular about its axis of rotation, wherein the tool is moved parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece and the helical toothing of the tool generates the toothing of the workpiece, - wherein in a second method step arranged after the first method step, the tool is moved radially with respect to the rotational axis of the workpiece, in particular until the area covered by the face gearing of the tool in the radial direction with respect to the rotational axis of the workpiece overlaps with the area covered by the gearing, in particular internal gearing, of the workpiece in the radial direction, - wherein in a third process step arranged after the second process step, in particular during deburring, the tool and the workpiece are rotated about their respective axes of rotation, so that the face toothing of the tool deburrs one end face of the toothing of the workpiece.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the third method step the tool and the workpiece are rotated about their respective axes of rotation in such a way that the peripheral speed of the workpiece in the contact area and / or cutting area between the workpiece and the tool is, in particular substantially, equal to the peripheral speed of the tool.

13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the third method step, in particular during deburring, the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of rotation of the workpiece are aligned such that the axis of rotation of the tool is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece and / or that the axis of rotation of the tool forms a plane with the axis of rotation of the workpiece.

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